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WRA Species Report Family: Salicaceae Taxon: Oncoba spinosa Synonym: NA Common Name: African dog-rose snuff box tree fried egg tree fried egg flower Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Assessor Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Assessor WRA Score 6 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 y 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 11/7/2013 Oncoba spinosa (Salicaceae) Page 1 of 8 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 y 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: L WRA Score 6 Print Date: 11/7/2013 Oncoba spinosa (Salicaceae) Page 2 of 8 Supporting Data: 101 2001. Hanelt, P. (ed.). Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Agricultural and Horticultural Crops (except Ornamentals), Volume 1. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 102 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1960. Wild, H.. Oncoba spinosa Forsk.: Flora [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Range: Arabia; Zambesiaca Vol. 1 part:1. Flacourtiaceae. Transvaal; Widely distributed throughout tropical Africa" http://apps.kew.org/efloras/namedetail.do?flora=fz &taxon=527&nameid=1470 [Accessed 04 Nov 2013] 202 1960. Wild, H.. Oncoba spinosa Forsk.: Flora [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Zambesiaca Vol. 1 part:1. Flacourtiaceae. http://apps.kew.org/efloras/namedetail.do?flora=fz &taxon=527&nameid=1470 [Accessed 04 Nov 2013] 203 1996. Bein, E./Habte, B./Jaber, A./Birnie, [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "A small spiny tree well A./Tengnas, B.. Useful Trees and Shrubs in distributed throughout tropical Africa over a wide range of altitude north to Arabia Eritrea. Identification, Propagation and and south to South Africa. In Eritrea, it grows on the eastern escarpment and in Management for Agricultural and Pastoral the northern part of the central highlands, e.g. around Semenawibahri and Mensa, Communities. Regional Soil Conservation Unit, 700-1,800 m, being most common in riverine forests or in bushland." Nairobi, Kenya 203 2013. Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Online Database]. [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Possibly. Collected over an Missouri Botanical Garden, elevation range exceeding 1000 m, but primarily located at lower latitudes of the http://www.tropicos.org/ tropics] Collected from 5 m elevation at 25°41'00"N [Florida] up to 1700 m at 08°35'00"S [Tanzania] 204 1960. Wild, H.. Oncoba spinosa Forsk.: Flora [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Range: Zambesiaca Vol. 1 part:1. Flacourtiaceae. Arabia; Transvaal; Widely distributed throughout tropical Africa" http://apps.kew.org/efloras/namedetail.do?flora=fz &taxon=527&nameid=1470 [Accessed 04 Nov 2013] 205 2003. McLaughlin, J.. A Guide to Planting an [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural African-American/African Focused Yard in Miami- range? Florida] Dade County: A Selection of Ornamental African Plants Suitable for the Miami-Dade Landscape. University of Florida IFAS Extension, Homestead, FL 205 2005. de Lange, P.J./de Lange, T.J.P./de Lange, [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural F.J.T.. New exotic plant records, and range range? New Zealand] "Cultivation escape. Numerous seedlings of this distinctive extensions for naturalised plants, in the northern shrub occur beneath and around a single planted specimen on the northern side North Island, New Zealand. Auckland Botanical of the Old Biological Sciences Building, University of Auckland. The only thing Society Journal. 60: 130-147. preventing their further establishment is their periodic removal by University grounds staff. Oncoba is often placed in the Flacourtiaceae (see Mabberly 1997)." 205 2005. Imada, C.T./Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Annotated Checklist of Cultivated Plants of range? Oahu, Hawaiian Islands] "Locations: Harold L. Lyon Arboretum" Hawai‘i. The Bishop Museum, http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultiv atedplants/ 205 2007. Wu, Z.Y./Raven, P.H./Hong, D.Y. (eds.). [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Flora of China. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through range? China] "Oncoba spinosa Forsskal and Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Araliaceae). Science Press and Missouri Warburg are occasionally cultivated." Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis 301 2005. de Lange, P.J./de Lange, T.J.P./de Lange, [Naturalized beyond native range? Cultivation Escape] "Oncoba spinosa Forsk. F.J.T.. New exotic plant records, and range NEW RECORD: AK 288949, P. J. de Lange 6290 & T. J. de Lange, 27 Nov 2004, extensions for naturalised plants, in the northern Auckland City, University of Auckland, Symond Street Campus, near Thomas North Island, New Zealand. Auckland Botanical Building. NOTES: Cultivation escape. Numerous seedlings of this distinctive shrub Society Journal. 60: 130-147. occur beneath and around a single planted specimen on the northern side of the Old Biological Sciences Building, University of Auckland. The only thing preventing their further establishment is their periodic removal by University grounds staff. Oncoba is often placed in the Flacourtiaceae (see Mabberly 1997)." Print Date: 11/7/2013 Oncoba spinosa (Salicaceae) Page 3 of 8 302 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 303 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 304 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 305 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Congeneric weed? No] "Oncoba echinata Oliv. Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture Flacourtiaceae and Food, Western Australia = Caloncoba echinata (Oliver) Gilg Cultivated Refs: 3 1201-N, 707-N, 261-CW" [Listed as naturalized and perhaps a weed in Puerto Rico, although impacts have not been documented] 401 1960. Wild, H.. Oncoba spinosa Forsk.: Flora [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? Yes] "Glabrous shrub or small tree up to c. 5 Zambesiaca Vol. 1 part:1. Flacourtiaceae. m. tall; branches with pale lenticels and very sharp, spreading, axillary spines up http://apps.kew.org/efloras/namedetail.do?flora=fz to 5 cm.
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