The Discovery of Quasars and Its Aftermath
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
2016-2017 Year Book Www
1 2016-2017 YEAR BOOK WWW. C A R N E G I E S C I E N C E . E D U Department of Embryology 3520 San Martin Dr. / Baltimore, MD 21218 410.246.3001 Geophysical Laboratory 5251 Broad Branch Rd., N.W. / Washington, DC 20015-1305 202.478.8900 Department of Global Ecology 260 Panama St. / Stanford, CA 94305-4101 650.462.1047 The Carnegie Observatories 813 Santa Barbara St. / Pasadena, CA 91101-1292 626.577.1122 Las Campanas Observatory Casilla 601 / La Serena, Chile Department of Plant Biology 260 Panama St. / Stanford, CA 94305-4101 650.325.1521 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 5241 Broad Branch Rd., N.W. / Washington, DC 20015-1305 202.478.8820 Office of Administration 1530 P St., N.W. / Washington, DC 20005-1910 202.387.6400 2 0 1 6 - 2 0 1 7 Y E A R B O O K The President’s Report July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017 C A R N E G I E I N S T I T U T I O N F O R S C I E N C E Former Presidents Daniel C. Gilman, 1902–1904 Robert S. Woodward, 1904–1920 John C. Merriam, 1921–1938 Vannevar Bush, 1939–1955 Caryl P. Haskins, 1956–1971 Philip H. Abelson, 1971–1978 James D. Ebert, 1978–1987 Edward E. David, Jr. (Acting President, 1987–1988) Maxine F. Singer, 1988–2002 Michael E. Gellert (Acting President, Jan.–April 2003) Richard A. Meserve, 2003–2014 Former Trustees Philip H. Abelson, 1978–2004 Patrick E. -
Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf2p300278 No online items Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Processed by Ronald S. Brashear; machine-readable finding aid created by Gabriela A. Montoya Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague 1 Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Paper, 1940-1973 The Huntington Library San Marino, California Contact Information Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 Processed by: Ronald S. Brashear Encoded by: Gabriela A. Montoya © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, Date (inclusive): 1940-1973 Creator: Bowen, Ira Sprague Extent: Approximately 29,000 pieces in 88 boxes Repository: The Huntington Library San Marino, California 91108 Language: English. Provenance Placed on permanent deposit in the Huntington Library by the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection. This was done in 1989 as part of a letter of agreement (dated November 5, 1987) between the Huntington and the Carnegie Observatories. The papers have yet to be officially accessioned. Cataloging of the papers was completed in 1989 prior to their transfer to the Huntington. -
Astronomische Waarneemtechnieken (Astronomical Observing Techniques) Based on Lectures by Bernhard Brandl Lecture 8: Radio 1
Astronomische Waarneemtechnieken (Astronomical Observing Techniques) Based on lectures by Bernhard Brandl Lecture 8: Radio 1. Introducon 2. Radio Emission 3. Observing 4. Antenna Technology 5. Receiver Technology 6. Back Ends 7. Calibraons (c) National Radio Astronomy Observatory / Associated Universities, Inc. / National Science Foundation The First Radio Astronomers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telescope http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_astronomy Grote Reber (1911-2002) Karl Guthe Jansky (1905-1950) Karl Jansky built (at Bell Telephone Laboratories) antenna to receive radio waves at 20.5 MHz (λ~14.6m) à “turntable” of 30m×6m à first detection of astronomical radio waves (à 1 Jy = 10−26 W m−2 Hz−1) Grote Reber extended Jansky's work, conducted first radio sky survey. For nearly a decade he was the world's only radio astronomer. Radio Astronomy Discoveries • radio (synchrotron) emission of the Milky Way (1933) • first discrete cosmic radio sources: supernova remnants and radio galaxies (1948) • 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen (1951) • Quasi Stellar Objects (1963) • Cosmic Microwave Background (1965) • Interstellar molecules ó Star formation (1968) • Pulsars (1968) Radio Observations through the Atmosphere • Radio window from ~10 MHz (30m) to 1 THz (0.3mm) • Low-frequency limit given by (reflecting) ionosphere • High frequency limit given by molecular transitions of atmospheric H2O and N2. Radio Wavelengths: PhotonsàElectric Fields • Directly measure electric fields of electro- magnetic waves • Electric fields excite currents in antennae • Currents can be amplified and split electrically. Radio Emission Mechanisms Most important astronomical radio emission mechanisms 1. Synchrotron emission 2. Free-free emission (thermal Bremsstrahlung) 3. Thermal (blackbody) emission (also from dust grains) 4. -
Ca Alogue 1950-1951 Bulletin of the California Institute of Technology Volume 59 Number 4
CA ALOGUE 1950-1951 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 59 NUMBER 4 The California Institute of Technology Bulletin is published quarterly Entered as Second Class Matter at the Post Office at Pasadena, California, under the Act of August 24, 1912 CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY A College, Graduate School, and Institute of Research in Science Engineering, and the Humanities CATALOGUE 1 950 . 195 1 PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTE, OCTOBER, 1950 PASADENA, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS PART ONE. GENERAL INFORMATION. PAGE Academic Calendar 11 Board .of Trustees ........................................... 15 Trustee Committees. 16 Administrative Officers of the Institute . .. 17 Faculty Officers and Committees, 1950-51 ....................... 18 Staff of Instruction and Research-Summary . 20 Staff of Instruction and Research ................... 35 Fellows, Scholars, and Assistants .............................. 65 California Institute Associates .... 76 .Historical Sketch . 80 Educational Policies ......................................... 82 Buildings and Facilities ...................................... 84 Study and Research at the California Institute 1. The Sciences .......................................... 87 Astronomy and Astrophysics ............................. 87 Biological Sciences ..................................... 88 Chemistry and Chemical Engineering . .. 89 Geological Sciences . .. 91 Mathematics ........................................... 92 Physics ........ , ....... '" ...... '" ............... " .. 93 2. Engineering -
Copy of DOC001
BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 48 NUMBER 1 CATALOGUE NUMBER jor 1939 PUB LIS H E D BY 'T H E INS 'T I'T U 'T E, JAN U A R Y, 1939 The California Institute of Technology Bulletin is Published Quarterly Entered as Second-Class Matter at the Post Office ~t Pasadena. California. Under the Act of August 24. 1912 BlJLLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 48 NUMBER I A COLLEGE, GRADUATE SCHOOL, AND INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND THE HUMANITIES CATALOGUE NUMBER jor 1939 PASADENA· CALIFORNIA· JANUARY, 1939 CONTENTS PAGE ACADEMIC CALENDAR ....•...•..•..••..•.....•••........•..•.....•• BOARD OF TRUSTEES. • . • . • • . 6 OFFICERS: Board of Trustees. 6 Administrative Officers of the Institute. 7 Officers and Committees of the Faculty. 8 STAFF OF INSTRUCTION AND RESEARCH ...•••...... " ••. .. .. .. ....••• •• 9 STAFF OF INSTRUCTION AND RESEARCH SUMMARY. .. ... ......•..•..• .. 47 CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE ASSOCIATES................................... 58 HISTORICAL SKETCH .....•..............•...........•......•....... 60 EDUCATIONAL POLICIES .....................•............••••...•... 62 BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES. • . • . • . • . • . • . 65 ATHENJEUM ..••...•.....•••............•••....•......••.•........ 69 STUDENT HOUSES .•...••..•....................................... 70 EXTRA-CURRICULAR OPPORTUNITIES .................................. 71 STUDENT HEALT:H AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION ..••••••.•...... " • • . • . • 75 REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION TO UNDERGRADUATE STANDING. .. 78 EXPENSES ....••..........................•..•................... -
Download This Article (Pdf)
244 Trimble, JAAVSO Volume 43, 2015 As International as They Would Let Us Be Virginia Trimble Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575; [email protected] Received July 15, 2015; accepted August 28, 2015 Abstract Astronomy has always crossed borders, continents, and oceans. AAVSO itself has roughly half its membership residing outside the USA. In this excessively long paper, I look briefly at ancient and medieval beginnings and more extensively at the 18th and 19th centuries, plunge into the tragedies associated with World War I, and then try to say something relatively cheerful about subsequent events. Most of the people mentioned here you will have heard of before (Eratosthenes, Copernicus, Kepler, Olbers, Lockyer, Eddington…), others, just as important, perhaps not (von Zach, Gould, Argelander, Freundlich…). Division into heroes and villains is neither necessary nor possible, though some of the stories are tragic. In the end, all one can really say about astronomers’ efforts to keep open channels of communication that others wanted to choke off is, “the best we can do is the best we can do.” 1. Introduction astronomy (though some of the practitioners were actually Christian and Jewish) coincided with the largest extents of Astronomy has always been among the most international of regions governed by caliphates and other Moslem empire-like sciences. Some of the reasons are obvious. You cannot observe structures. In addition, Arabic astronomy also drew on earlier the whole sky continuously from any one place. Attempts to Greek, Persian, and Indian writings. measure geocentric parallax and to observe solar eclipses have In contrast, the Europe of the 16th century, across which required going to the ends (or anyhow the middles) of the earth. -
Z´AKLADY ASTRONOMIE a ASTROFYZIKY II Látka Prednášená
ZAKLADY´ ASTRONOMIE A ASTROFYZIKY II L´atka pˇredn´aˇsen´aM. Wolfem Na z´akladˇesv´ych pozn´amekz pˇredn´aˇskya dalˇs´ıliteratury sepsal M. B´ılek, korektury, doplˇnkyM. Zejda Verze 1: 6. z´aˇr´ı2010 Toto je zat´ımpracovn´ıverze skript. Je ne´upln´aa m˚uˇzeobsahovat menˇs´ıfaktick´echyby. V pˇr´ıpadˇe,ˇzenˇejakouobjev´ıte,nebo se v´ambude zd´atnˇejak´aˇc´asttextu nesrozumiteln´a, upozornˇetepros´ımautora nebo pˇredn´aˇsej´ıc´ıho.Doch´azkana pˇredn´aˇskuse doporuˇcuje. 2 Obsah 1 Atmosf´erick´aa vnˇeatmosf´erick´aastronomie 5 1.1 Uvod.......................................´ 5 1.2 Vliv atmosf´ery na astronomick´apozorov´an´ı. .5 1.2.1 Extinkce v atmosf´eˇre . .5 1.2.2 Seeing . .8 1.3 Bal´onov´aastronomie . .8 1.4 Druˇzicov´aastronomie . .9 2 Optick´aastronomie 13 2.1 Optick´edalekohledy . 13 2.1.1 Konstrukce dalekohled˚u . 13 2.1.2 Charakteristiky dalekohledu . 21 2.1.3 Optick´evady dalekohled˚u . 25 2.1.4 Okul´ary . 29 2.1.5 Filtry . 35 2.1.6 Mont´aˇze . 36 2.2 Optick´edetektory a jejich vyuˇzit´ıve fotometrii . 38 2.2.1 Nˇekter´eobecn´echarakteristiky fotometrick´ych detektor˚u. 39 2.2.2 Oko . 39 2.2.3 Fotografick´aemulze . 44 2.2.4 Foton´asobiˇce . 46 2.2.5 CCD . 48 2.3 Spektrografy . 53 2.3.1 Hranolov´yspektrograf . 55 2.3.2 Mˇr´ıˇzkov´yspektrograf . 55 3 R´adiov´aastronomie 63 4 Infraˇcerven´aastronomie 65 5 Rentgenov´aastronomie 67 6 Astronomie gama z´aˇren´ı 69 3 7 Astronomie gravitaˇcn´ıch vln 73 8 Neutrinov´aastronomie 75 9 Pˇr´ıstroje sluneˇcn´ıfyziky 79 10 Doporuˇcen´aliteratura 83 4 Kapitola 1 Atmosf´erick´aa vnˇeatmosf´erick´a astronomie 1.1 Uvod´ Pozorov´an´ıvesm´ırn´ych tˇelesz povrchu Zemˇe,na dnˇevzduˇsn´ehooce´anu, je pro astron- omy velmi omezuj´ıc´ı.Zemsk´aatmosf´era velmi dobˇrefiltruje z´aˇren´ıpˇrich´azej´ıc´ız vesm´ıru na povrch Zemˇe.V´ysledkem je, ˇzeˇzeZemˇem˚uˇzemevidˇetjen velmi omezen´erozsahy vl- nov´ych d´elekz´aˇren´ı,naz´yvan´a okna\. -
Quarterly Report, April 1
NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY QUARTERLY REPORT April 1,1996 - June 30,1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. TELESCOPE USAGE .............................................................. 1 B. 140 FOOT OBSERVING PROGRAMS ................................................ 1 C. 12 METER TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAMS .................................... 3 D. VERY LARGE ARRAY OBSERVING PROGRAMS ..................................... 7 E. VERY LONG BASELINE ARRAY OBSERVING PROGRAMS ........................... 15 F. SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS ........................................................... 22 G. PUBLICATIONS ................................................................ 23 H. CHARLOTTESVILLE ELECTRONICS ............................................... 23 I. GREEN BANK ELECTRONICS .................................................... 25 J. TUCSON ELECTRONICS ......................................................... 26 K. SOCORRO ELECTRONICS........................................................ 27 L. COMPUTING AND AIPS.......................................................... 30 M . AIPS++ .................................................... .................... 32 N. GREEN BANK TELESCOPE PROJECT ............................................... 32 O. PERSONNEL .................................................................... 33 APPENDIX A. PREPRINTS A. TELESCOPE USAGE The following telescopes have been scheduled for research and maintenance in the following manner during the second quarter of 1996. 140 Foot 12 Meter VLA VLBA Scheduled Observing -
Velocity Structure of the Orion a Integral Shaped Filament (La Estructura De La Velocidad Del Filamento Integral Shaped Filament De Orion´ A)
Universidad de Concepcion´ Departamento de Astronom´ıa Facultad de Ciencias F´ısicas y Matematicas´ Velocity structure of the Orion A Integral Shaped Filament (La estructura de la velocidad del filamento Integral Shaped Filament de Orion´ A) Tesis para ser presentada en la direccion´ de postgrado de la Universidad de Concepcion´ para optar al grado de Magister en ciencias con mencion´ en f´ısica Valentina Isabel Gonzalez´ Lobos Asesor: Prof. Amelia Stutz Concepcion,´ Chile Junio 2019 Agradecimientos Quiero agradecer todes quienes que me apoyaron durante todo este periodo. A quienes lo hicieron desde el comienzo y a quienes llegaron durante el camino. A mis amigues y compa~neresque hicieron del proceso m´asalegre. A mi pololo y familia que me levantaron cuando lo necesit´e.A aquellos profesores que mostraron su apoyo y me hicieron creer m´asen mi misma. Finalmente, agradezco a Dominik Schleicher, al programa Basal y a CONICYT por el apoyo econ´omico. ii Resumen El proceso de formaci´onestelar es fundamental para comprender la formaci´onde planetas y la evoluci´onde galaxias. Casi todas las estrellas se forman en c´umulos estelares que son contenidos en filamentos masivos. Aqu´ıpresentamos un an´alisisde la cinem´aticadel gas del filamento Inte- gral Shaped Filament en Ori´onA utilizando observaciones de distintas transiciones moleculares 12 13 + ( CO, CO, NH3,N2H ) para rastrear el gas a distintas densidades. Describimos la estructura de la velocidad a lo largo del filamento a trav´esde diagramas de posici´on-velocidad ponderado por la intensidad o lo comparamos con la distribuci´onde la masa del gas y las estrellas. -
Active Galactic Nuclei - Suzy Collin, Bożena Czerny
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS - Active Galactic Nuclei - Suzy Collin, Bożena Czerny ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI Suzy Collin LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot; 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France Bożena Czerny N. Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland Keywords: quasars, Active Galactic Nuclei, Black holes, galaxies, evolution Content 1. Historical aspects 1.1. Prehistory 1.2. After the Discovery of Quasars 1.3. Accretion Onto Supermassive Black Holes: Why It Works So Well? 2. The emission properties of radio-quiet quasars and AGN 2.1. The Broad Band Spectrum: The “Accretion Emission" 2.2. Optical, Ultraviolet, and X-Ray Emission Lines 2.3. Ultraviolet and X-Ray Absorption Lines: The Wind 2.4. Variability 3. Related objects and Unification Scheme 3.1. The “zoo" of AGN 3.2. The “Line of View" Unification: Radio Galaxies and Radio-Loud Quasars, Blazars, Seyfert 1 and 2 3.2.1. Radio Loud Quasars and AGN: The Jet and the Gamma Ray Emission 3.3. Towards Unification of Radio-Loud and Radio-Quiet Objects? 3.4. The “Accretion Rate" Unification: Low and High Luminosity AGN 4. Evolution of black holes 4.1. Supermassive Black Holes in Quasars and AGN 4.2. Supermassive Black Holes in Quiescent Galaxies 5. Linking the growth of black holes to galaxy evolution 6. Conclusions Acknowledgements GlossaryUNESCO – EOLSS Bibliography Biographical Sketches SAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary We recall the discovery of quasars and the long time it took (about 15 years) to build a theoretical framework for these objects, as well as for their local less luminous counterparts, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). -
General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect
General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) r 40^4 ^I I d 9 , GPL' , 1TIONAL-WAVE BURSTS FROM THE NUCLEI OF DISTANT GALAXLFS AND QUASARS: *+ PRGPOSAL FOR DETECTION USING DOPPLER TRACKING OF INTERPLANETARY SPACECRAFT KIP S. THORNE Californi,% Ints_itute of Technology, Pasadena, California, U.S.A. and VLADIMIR B. BRAGINSKY 1 1 hystcs Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, U.S.S.R. (NASA-CR-145432) GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE BURSTS N76-10977 FROM THE NUCLEI OF DISTANT GALLXIES AND QUASARS: PROPOSAL FOR DETECTION USING 6 J^ DOPPLER TRACKING OF INTERPLANETARY Unclas SPACFCRAFT (California Inst. of Tech.) 17 p G3/93 39447 R p v19 5 Nq4 41 Supported in part by the Ministry of Higher Education, U.S.S.R.; and by the National Aeronau and Space Administration [NCR-05-002-2561 and the National Science Foundation [MPS75-013981, U.S.A. -
Bulletin No. 6 Issn 1520-3581
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII LIBRARY THE PACIFIC CIRCLE DECEMBER 2000 BULLETIN NO. 6 ISSN 1520-3581 PACIFIC CIRCLE NEW S .............................................................................2 Forthcoming Meetings.................................................. 2 Recent Meetings..........................................................................................3 Publications..................................................................................................6 New Members...............................................................................................6 IUHPS/DHS NEWS ........................................................................................ 8 PACIFIC WATCH....................................................................... 9 CONFERENCE REPORTS............................................................................9 FUTURE CONFERENCES & CALLS FOR PAPERS........................ 11 PRIZES, GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS........................... 13 ARCHIVES AND COLLECTIONS...........................................................15 BOOK AND JOURNAL NEWS................................................................ 15 BOOK REVIEWS..........................................................................................17 Roy M. MacLeod, ed., The ‘Boffins' o f Botany Bay: Radar at the University o f Sydney, 1939-1945, and Science and the Pacific War: Science and Survival in the Pacific, 1939-1945.................................. 17 David W. Forbes, ed., Hawaiian National Bibliography: 1780-1900.