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Mission to Jupiter
This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines. -
Lesson 3: Moons, Rings Relationships
GETTING TO KNOW SATURN LESSON Moons, Rings, and Relationships 3 3–4 hrs Students design their own experiments to explore the fundamental force of gravity, and then extend their thinking to how gravity acts to keep objects like moons and ring particles in orbit. Students use the contexts of the Solar System and the Saturn system MEETS NATIONAL to explore the nature of orbits. The lesson SCIENCE EDUCATION enables students to correct common mis- STANDARDS: conceptions about gravity and orbits and to Science as Inquiry • Abilities learn how orbital speed decreases as the dis- Prometheus and Pandora, two of Saturn’s moons, “shepherd” necessary to Saturn’s F ring. scientific inquiry tance from the object being orbited increases. Physical Science • Motions and PREREQUISITE SKILLS BACKGROUND INFORMATION forces Working in groups Background for Lesson Discussion, page 66 Earth and Space Science Reading a chart of data Questions, page 71 • Earth in the Plotting points on a graph Answers in Appendix 1, page 225 Solar System 1–21: Saturn 22–34: Rings 35–50: Moons EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, AND TOOLS For the teacher Materials to reproduce Photocopier (for transparencies & copies) Figures 1–10 are provided at the end of Overhead projector this lesson. Chalkboard, whiteboard, or large easel FIGURE TRANSPARENCY COPIES with paper; chalk or markers 11 21 For each group of 3 to 4 students 31 Large plastic or rubber ball 4 1 per student Paper, markers, pencils 5 1 1 per student 6 1 for teacher 7 1 (optional) 1 for teacher 8 1 per student 9 1 (optional) 1 per student 10 1 (optional) 1 for teacher 65 Saturn Educator Guide • Cassini Program website — http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cassini/educatorguide • EG-1999-12-008-JPL Background for Lesson Discussion LESSON 3 Science as inquiry The nature of Saturn’s rings and how (See Procedures & Activities, Part I, Steps 1-6) they move (See Procedures & Activities, Part IIa, Step 3) Part I of the lesson offers students a good oppor- tunity to experience science as inquiry. -
Shepherd Moon Face-Off! 21 December 2012, by Jason Major
Shepherd Moon face-off! 21 December 2012, by Jason Major Here's Pandora, as seen by Cassini on September 5, 2005: False-color image of Pandora. Credit: NASA/JPL/SSI Raw Cassini image acquired on Dec. 18, 2012. Credit: NASA/JPL/SSI …and here's Prometheus, seen during a close pass in 2010 and color-calibrated by Gordan Ugarkovic: Two of Saturn's shepherd moons face off across the icy strand of the F ring in this image, acquired by the Cassini spacecraft on December 18, 2012. In the left corner is Pandora, external shepherd of the ropy ring, and in the right is Prometheus, whose gravity is responsible for the subtle tug on the wispy ring material. (Please don't blame the moon for any recent unsatisfying sci-fi films of the same name. There's no relation, we promise.) Similar in size (Pandora is 110 x 88 x 62 km, Prometheus 148 x 100 x 68 km) both moons are porous, icy, potato-shaped bodies covered in craters—although Prometheus' surface is somewhat smoother in appearance than Pandora's, perhaps due to the gradual buildup of infalling material from the F ring. Check out some much closer images of these two moons below, acquired during earlier flybys: 1 / 2 Prometheus casting a shadow through F ring haze. Credit: NASA/JPL/SSI/Gordan Ugarvovic The external edge of the A ring with the thin Keeler gap and the wider Encke gap can be seen at the right of the top image. Both of these gaps also harbor their own shepherd moons—Daphnis and Pan, respectively. -
The Other Side
Just how did we get there? and space; like Tarzan swinging from technology, and human expertise As the outer planets plod through vine to vine through the jungle, missing to catch up. the frozen void, once every 175 years a transition by even the smallest of JPL formally proposed the Grand they line up in such a way that Jupiter’s margins would spell disaster. A few Tour in 1970, with Harris M. “Bud” gravity can be used to fing a properly months and several reams of graph Schurmeier (BS ’45, MS ’48, ENG aimed spacecraft on toward Saturn, paper later, Flandro had worked out ’49) as the project manager. This was and thence to Uranus and Neptune. In hundreds of itineraries—some reaching an A-team effort: Schurmeier had just THE the spring of 1965, Caltech aeronautics all the way to then-planet Pluto—for presided over the Mariner 6 and 7 grad student Gary Flandro (MS ’60, the upcoming launch window. His fybys of Mars, and his collaborators PhD ’67) was working part-time up boss, Elliott “Joe” Cutting, booked included JPL’s planetary program at JPL analyzing so-called gravity- him a meeting with the chief of JPL’s director, Robert Parks (BS ’44), and its assist trajectories when he realized that advanced technical studies offce, spacecraft systems manager, Raymond OTHER such a four-for-one alignment would aeronautics professor Homer Stewart Heacock (BS ’52, MS ’53). It was also occur between 1976 and 1979; (PhD ’40). Stewart embraced the idea, a gold-plated Cadillac of a mission—a intrigued by the possibilities, he set christening it the Grand Tour. -
NASA PAST and Future: a Personal Memoir
STORY | ASK MAGAZINE | 25 NASA Past anD FUTURE: A PER sonaL MEmoIR BY Ken Randle When I was working for the Sperry Corporation in the sixties, we submitted a proposal to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to provide support for their unmanned space exploration programs. Our proposal won and, in July 1966, I took a team of twenty-three engineers to JPL. I had two responsibilities: manage the team and provide the configuration design of spacecraft for the Future Projects Study team. Mariner 10’s first image of Mercury, Photo Credit: NASA acquired on March 24, 1974. 26 | ASK MAGAZINE Exploring the Solar System For this discovery, Flandro received an award from the British T he Fut u re Projec t s St udy te a m, u nder JPL’s d irec t ion, per formed Interplanetary Society. The grand tour missions would require four six-month feasibility studies for NASA’s consideration. Two an entirely new kind of spacecraft, a design with capabilities far of them became successful missions—a pretty good record. beyond those of the simple machines that had reached the moon, The first study was for a mission to Venus with the release of Venus, and Mars. At the time, Voyager was the most complex a capsule to the surface before going on to a flyby of Mercury. unmanned machine ever designed. There had to be a boom for This became the Mariner 10 mission, the first mission to use the radioisotope thermoelectric generator, another boom for the the gravity assist of one planet to reach another planet. -
Jovian Planets
Northeastern Illinois University Jovian Planets Greg Anderson Department of Physics & Astronomy Northeastern Illinois University Winter-Spring 2020 c 2012-2020 G. Anderson Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 1 / 81 Northeastern Illinois Outline University Overview Jovian Planets Jovian Moons Ring Systems Review c 2012-2020 G. Anderson Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 2 / 81 Northeastern Illinois University Outline Overview Orbital Periods Solar System Jovian Planets Jovian Moons Ring Systems Review Overview c 2012-2020 G. Anderson Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 3 / 81 Northeastern Illinois Orbital Properties of Planets University Name Distance (AU) Period (years) Speed (AU/yr) Mercury 0.387 0.2409 10.09 Venus 0.723 0.6152 7.384 Earth 1.0 1.0 6.283 Mars 1.524 1.881 5.09 Jupiter 5.203 11.86 2.756 Saturn 9.539 29.42 2.037 Uranus 19.19 84.01 1.435 Neptune 30.06 164.8 1.146 c 2012-2020 G. Anderson Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 4 / 81 M J S M J U S M J N Northeastern Illinois University Outline Overview Jovian Planets Jovian Planets Planetary Densities Composition Composition H & He Formation Escape Velocity Jovian Planets Formation 2 Q: Jovian Interiors Jovian Densities 02A 02 Q: Jupiter and Saturn Q: Jupiter’s composition Jovian Interiors Jovian Interiors Jupiter Jupiter Lithograph Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter from Io Interior c 2012-2020 G. Anderson Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 6 / 81 Northeastern Illinois Jovian Planets University Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune 3 d⊙ R⊕ M⊕ ρ (g/cm ) tilt T (K) Jupiter 5.20 AU 11.21 317.9 1.33 3.1◦ 125 Saturn 9.54 AU 9.45 95.2 0.71 26.7◦ 75 Uranus 19.19 AU 4.01 14.5 1.24 97.9◦ 60 Neptune 30.06 AU 3.88 17.1 1.67 29.◦ 60 c 2012-2020 G. -
Voyager Issue 2 Spring 2018
ISSUE The University of Tennessee Space Institute’s 02 May 2018 Voyager Featured in this Highlights Issue A Message from the Executive Director, 2018 Black History Month program Dr. Mark Whorton Recent & Spring is now in full swing at the UT Space Institute and Wu’s Student Upcoming great things are happening. Thanks to Meghan Morris Competition Events for a great job in pulling together our UTSI Newsletter – The UTSI Voyager! We are especially excited about our newsletter title this month because it directly reflects on Astronaut Seddon Accolades our friend and colleague, Dr. Gary Flandro. Dr. Flandro is being honored in May as a Distinguished Alumnus of Caltech for his stellar achievement in conceiving the Students Dominate Featured Grand Tour of outer planets using gravitational assists in AIAA Student Department the Voyager Missions. Please congratulate Dr. Flandro Conference for this well-deserved, high honor. You will also read in the following pages about other great work by our team Welcomes as well as upcoming events. We are excited that our Kraft - Guest Speaker Chancellor, Dr. Beverly Davenport, is bringing her cabinet for AIAA Greater to visit our campus on June 4. Let’s get ready for a great Huntsville Section Student Clubs visit to show that UTSI is the place to be. Schmisseur lead of $9.8 million dollar contract UTSI’s newest family Marvin Look for in each issue! member, Tonya Travis Recent Events at UTSI Dr. Sidney A. 3rd Annual Wu Student Former NASA Astronaut, Rhea McPhee, speaker for Presentation Competition rd Seddon, M.D. 23 Annual African March 28, 2018 at UTSI American History Twelve students competed in the student competition. -
Index of Astronomia Nova
Index of Astronomia Nova Index of Astronomia Nova. M. Capderou, Handbook of Satellite Orbits: From Kepler to GPS, 883 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-03416-4, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 Bibliography Books are classified in sections according to the main themes covered in this work, and arranged chronologically within each section. General Mechanics and Geodesy 1. H. Goldstein. Classical Mechanics, Addison-Wesley, Cambridge, Mass., 1956 2. L. Landau & E. Lifchitz. Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics),Vol.1, Mir, Moscow, 1966, Butterworth–Heinemann 3rd edn., 1976 3. W.M. Kaula. Theory of Satellite Geodesy, Blaisdell Publ., Waltham, Mass., 1966 4. J.-J. Levallois. G´eod´esie g´en´erale, Vols. 1, 2, 3, Eyrolles, Paris, 1969, 1970 5. J.-J. Levallois & J. Kovalevsky. G´eod´esie g´en´erale,Vol.4:G´eod´esie spatiale, Eyrolles, Paris, 1970 6. G. Bomford. Geodesy, 4th edn., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980 7. J.-C. Husson, A. Cazenave, J.-F. Minster (Eds.). Internal Geophysics and Space, CNES/Cepadues-Editions, Toulouse, 1985 8. V.I. Arnold. Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, Graduate Texts in Mathematics (60), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989 9. W. Torge. Geodesy, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1991 10. G. Seeber. Satellite Geodesy, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1993 11. E.W. Grafarend, F.W. Krumm, V.S. Schwarze (Eds.). Geodesy: The Challenge of the 3rd Millennium, Springer, Berlin, 2003 12. H. Stephani. Relativity: An Introduction to Special and General Relativity,Cam- bridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004 13. G. Schubert (Ed.). Treatise on Geodephysics,Vol.3:Geodesy, Elsevier, Oxford, 2007 14. D.D. McCarthy, P.K. -
Saturns Rings Observed by the Cassini Spacecraft (I.S.S.)
SF2A 2013 L. Cambr´esy,F. Martins, E. Nuss and A. Palacios (eds) SATURNS RINGS OBSERVED BY THE CASSINI SPACECRAFT (I.S.S.) Andr´eBrahic1 Abstract. After 9 years of observations by the Cassini spacecraft Imaging Sub System (ISS), we review the main discoveries on Saturns rings. We have been able to follow the evolution of the rings as a function of time with variations on time scales as short as days. This exploration provided new information on the structure of the rings, on waves, on resonances phenomena, and on ring - satellites interactions. A detailed study of the rings edges, of the spokes and of the F, G, E and D rings has been performed. The discovery of propellers, meteoroid impacts, and of the opposition effect gave new insights on rings evolution. New ideas about the nature of the particles and the age of the rings have been developed. Keywords: planetary rings, Cassini ISS observations 1 Introduction The disc around Saturn is a system of colliding particles submitted to the gravitational influence of Saturn and of small nearby satellites. It can be considered as a natural laboratory of dynamics, cosmogony, granular flow and particle and field physics. The structure of the rings is determined by their origin and by dynamical processes which depend upon the sizes and collisional properties of the ring particles, and on the gravitational effects of the satellites. Electromagnetic processes play a role on the motion of charged particles. Since they were first discovered by Galileo in 1610, the nature of Saturns rings has been a continuing challenge to observation and theory. -
Beyond the Heliopause
BOOKS & ARTS COMMENT SPACE SCIENCE Beyond the heliopause Roger D. Launius savours a masterful account, by a veteran of interplanetary space science, of the Voyager probes’ mission to the giant planets. spacecraft for an extended mission. Voyager was downgraded to a Jupiter–Saturn fly-by, but engineers designed as much longevity into the probes as the US$875-million budget would allow. NASA launched Voyager 2 on 20 August 1977, and Voyager 1 followed on a faster, shorter trajectory on 5 September. Bell, who hung out with the science team as an undergraduate at the California Insti- tute of Technology in Pasadena, describes how the craft achieved their objectives — and then some. Voyager 1 was, for example, pro- grammed for a close encounter with Saturn’s moon Titan, during which it revealed a com- plex world with an atmosphere, thick clouds and water ice. It showed that Titan was ripe for scientific investigation, paving the way for the sustained investigations of the Huygens– Cassini mission at the dawn of this century. But this fly-by deflected Voyager 1 out of the Solar System’s elliptical plane; unable to con- tinue on to Uranus and Neptune, the craft’s planetary mission ended. Voyager 2 continued on to the two outer most giant planets. Bell reports how, as the probes flew, controllers constantly repro- grammed the on-board computers, which had only about 5,000 words’ worth of mem- ory each, to take advantage of scientific opportunities. Successfully capturing data was hugely taxing, but mission engineers and scientists made it work. The probes explored the giant planets’ systems of rings and magnetic fields, find- NASA/SPL Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, a massive stable storm photographed by Voyager 2 in 1979. -
Open the Solar System App Swipe the Screen to the Left Name
Name _________________________________________ Date ____________ Hour______ Table______ Open the Solar System App Swipe the screen to the left Cosmic Relations (Select each location and record how the Earth fits into the universe.) 1. Earthà__People live on Earth____ 2. Solar Systemà___The Earth orBits the Sun and is part of the Solar System______ 3. Milky Wayà____The Solar System is part of the Milky Way Galaxy______ 4. Universeà____The Milky Way is one of more than 100 Billion Galaxies in the universe_____ Swipe the screen to the left The Milky Way is the home of Earth’s solar system! 5. What type of galaxy is the Milky Way? _____barred spiral Galaxy______ 6. The Milky Way, like most galaxies, probably has what at its center? ___super massive Black hole_____ 7. A ‘regular’ spiral galaxy has a circular center. What shape does a barred spiral galaxy have?___elongated Galactic center____ Swipe the screen to the left 8. The Solar System is a collection of what? ___is a collection of planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and other material orBitinG the sun _________ 9. List the terrestrial planets. __Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars____ 10. Describe the terrestrial planets__The inner planets are closer to the Sun and are rocky in nature. Only Earth and Venus have a significant atmosphere ____________________________________________ 11. List the Gas Giant planets. ___Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune______________________________ 12. Describe the Gas Giants.____outer planets are much larGer than the terrestrial planets and are composed mostly of Gas______ 13. What occurs between the terrestrial planets and the gas giants? ___an asteroid Belt___ Swipe the screen to the left Name __________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour______ Table______ 14. -
Basic Aerodynamics: Incompressible Flow Gary A
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80582-7 - Basic Aerodynamics: Incompressible Flow Gary A. Flandro, Howard M. McMahon and Robert L. Roach Frontmatter More information BASIC AERODYNAMICS In the rapidly advancing fi eld of fl ight aerodynamics, it is important for students to completely master the fundamentals. This textbook, written by renowned experts, clearly presents the basic concepts underlying aerodynamic prediction methodology. These concepts are closely linked to physical principles so that they may be more readily retained and their limits of applicability fully appreciated. The ultimate goal is to provide the student with the necessary tools to confi dently approach and solve practical fl ight-vehicle design problems of current and future interest. The text is designed for use in a course in aerodynamics at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. A comprehensive set of exercise problems is included at the end of each chapter. Gary A. Flandro is the Boling Chair (Emeritus) of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Tennessee Space Institute. He is also Vice President and Chief Engineer of Gloyer-Taylor Laboratories, LLC. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His research interests include acoustics, aerodynamics, rocket propulsion, fl ight mechanics and performance, hypersonic aerodynamics, propulsion, and vehicle design. Dr. Flandro received the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Exceptional Achievement Medal (1998) and the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Diamond Soaring Badge (1979) for his work. Dr. Howard McMahon was a Professor Emeritus of Aerospace Engi- neering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Following his graduate work at Santa Clara and doctoral research at the California Institute of Technology, he worked for CARDE (the Canadian Armament and Research Development Establishment) near Quebec City, with top rocketry researchers in Canada, including Gerald Bull.