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G2 Phase Cell Cycle Regulation by E2F4 Following Genotoxic Stress
G2 Phase Cell Cycle Regulation by E2F4 Following Genotoxic Stress by MEREDITH ELLEN CROSBY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Thesis Advisor: Dr. Alex Almasan Department of Environmental Health Sciences CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May, 2006 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the dissertation of ______________________________________________________ candidate for the Ph.D. degree *. (signed)_______________________________________________ (chair of the committee) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ (date) _______________________ *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………….1 LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………….5 LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………...7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………….8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………10 ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………...15 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. CELL CYCLE REGULATION: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW………………...17 1.2. THE E2F FAMILY OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS……………………….22 1.3. E2F AND CELL CYCLE CONTROL 1.3.1. G0/G1 Phase Transition………………………………………………….28 1.3.2. S Phase…………………………………………………………………...28 1.3.3. G2/M Phase Transition…………………………………………………..30 1.4. -
Individual Index
INDIVIDUAL INDEX Bl Page Page A Cooremans-Cruz, Eugenio Juan 3825 Cortes, Eugenia 2474 Abbott, Charles P 3807 Crowley, Daniel 3820 Abrams, Samuel S 3825 Cruz, Marinelle Khristy 3836 Abshire, Arthur J 3812 Cuervo, Ester 3825 Ah Kwang Chang 3827 Cuffy, Jackson Ormiston Edwards and Ah Sing Ying 3826 Merle Cleopatra Edwards 38J54 Ah Young Cho Kwak 3803 Alcala-Salcedo, Apolinario 3825 D Alvarado, Irma Victoria Bolarte 3853 Araujo,Lilia 3828 D'Souza, Eustace John 3824 Araujo, Maria Freitas 3825 Datronics Engineers, Inc 3857 Arellano, Santos Marquez 3830 Daves, Gary 3862 Armstrong, Anne L 235 Davies, Mrs. Olive M.V.T., Samira Arriola, Rodolfo N 3851 D.K., Ola-Tomi K., Ola-Yinka K., Asencio-Placencio, Pedro 3825 Ilesha E.K., and Baba-Tunji K 3803 Atherley, Juana Todd 3829 Davis, Jefferson F 1304 Austin, John P 234 Day, Craig 3824 DeBravo, Cenovia Mesa 3825 B DeLuna-Segovia, Jose 3825 Dibben, James William 3823 Bader, Louis William 3825 Din, Ruben P 3831 Baglieri, George 3825 Do Sook Park 3841 Bakierowska, Kazimiera 3827 Dom Min Lee 3826 Bally, George Ally 3827 Dowd, Kazuko Nishioka 3820 Barengo, Bernardino 2485 Barrera-Cabrera, Jesus 3825 Batavia Turf Farms, Inc 3818 • ^- • E Benney, Donna Marainne 3836 Eaker, Lt. Gen. IraC 1060 Berger, Harry 3825 Eha,Elmar 3825 Binabise, Juanita 3840 Ehard,Karin 3858 Birely, Victor M 1643 Elder, William J 3814 Blakeley, Hildegard G 3845 Emde, Noel Abueg 3837 Blanquicett, Carmen Cecilia 3859 Encomienda, Rogelio M 3853 Bonderenko, Edward J 2485 Espenueva, Edmundo Alfredo Boone, Master Sgt. William E 3813 Oreiro -
IN TAX LEADERS WOMEN in TAX LEADERS | 4 AMERICAS Latin America
WOMEN IN TAX LEADERS THECOMPREHENSIVEGUIDE TO THE WORLD’S LEADING FEMALE TAX ADVISERS SIXTH EDITION IN ASSOCIATION WITH PUBLISHED BY WWW.INTERNATIONALTAXREVIEW.COM Contents 2 Introduction and methodology 8 Bouverie Street, London EC4Y 8AX, UK AMERICAS Tel: +44 20 7779 8308 4 Latin America: 30 Costa Rica Fax: +44 20 7779 8500 regional interview 30 Curaçao 8 United States: 30 Guatemala Editor, World Tax and World TP regional interview 30 Honduras Jonathan Moore 19 Argentina 31 Mexico Researchers 20 Brazil 31 Panama Lovy Mazodila 24 Canada 31 Peru Annabelle Thorpe 29 Chile 32 United States Jason Howard 30 Colombia 41 Venezuela Production editor ASIA-PACIFIC João Fernandes 43 Asia-Pacific: regional 58 Malaysia interview 59 New Zealand Business development team 52 Australia 60 Philippines Margaret Varela-Christie 53 Cambodia 61 Singapore Raquel Ipo 54 China 61 South Korea Managing director, LMG Research 55 Hong Kong SAR 62 Taiwan Tom St. Denis 56 India 62 Thailand 58 Indonesia 62 Vietnam © Euromoney Trading Limited, 2020. The copyright of all 58 Japan editorial matter appearing in this Review is reserved by the publisher. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 64 Africa: regional 101 Lithuania No matter contained herein may be reproduced, duplicated interview 101 Luxembourg or copied by any means without the prior consent of the 68 Central Europe: 102 Malta: Q&A holder of the copyright, requests for which should be regional interview 105 Malta addressed to the publisher. Although Euromoney Trading 72 Northern & 107 Netherlands Limited has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of this Southern Europe: 110 Norway publication, neither it nor any contributor can accept any regional interview 111 Poland legal responsibility whatsoever for consequences that may 86 Austria 112 Portugal arise from errors or omissions, or any opinions or advice 87 Belgium 115 Qatar given. -
BOLETÍN OFICIAL DE LA PROVINCIA DE ALICANTE BUTLLETÍ OFICIAL PROVÍNCIA D'alacant Edita Excma
BOLETÍN OFICIAL DE LA PROVINCIA DE ALICANTE BUTLLETÍ OFICIAL PROVÍNCIA D'ALACANT edita excma. diputación provincial - alicante edita excma. diputació provincial - alacant miércoles, 3 de junio de 2009 dimecres, 3 de juny de 2009 Sumario Pág. Pág. Núm. Núm. ADMINISTRACIÓN CENTRAL: AYUNTAMIENTO ALICANTE. -LISTAS PROVISIONALES ASPIRANTES ADMITIDOS Y EXCLUIDOS INSPECCIÓN PROVINCIAL DE TRABAJO ALICANTE. VARIAS PLAZAS OFERTA DE EMPLEO PÚBLICO 2005 Y 2008 74 -NOTIFICACIÓN RESOLUCIÓN ACTAS DE INFRACCIÓN 3 AYUNTAMIENTO ALMORADÍ. INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL ALICANTE. -BAJAS DE OFICIO EN EL PADRON DE HABITANTES 107 -NOTIFICACIÓN PETICIÓN DE DOCUMENTACIÓN QUE ACREDITE -BAJAS DE OFICIO EN EL PADRON DE HABITANTES 107 SU IDENTIDAD 3 AYUNTAMIENTO BENISSA. JEFATURA PROVINCIAL DE TRÁFICO ALICANTE. -LISTA PROVISIONAL ADMITIDOS Y EXCLUIDOS Y TRIBUNAL -NOTIFICACIÓN DE RESOLUCIONES RECAIDAS EN EXPEDIENTES CALIFICADOR CONVOCATORIA TRES PLAZAS POLICÍA LOCAL 108 SANCIONADORES 3 AYUNTAMIENTO EL CAMPELLO. -NOTIFICACIÓN DE INICIACIÓN DE EXPEDIENTES -NOTIFICACIÓN DENUNCIAS DE TRÁFICO 110 SANCIONADORES 24 -NOTIFICACIÓN RESOLUCIONES 40 AYUNTAMIENTO CAÑADA. -NOTIFICACIÓN RESOLUCIONES 41 -APROBACIÓN DEFINITIVA PROYECTO REPARCELACIÓN FORZOSA -NOTIFICACIÓN RESOLUCIONES 42 UNIDAD EJECUCIÓN ÚNICA PLAN REFORMA INTERIOR ÁMBITO -NOTIFICACIÓN INICIACIÓN EXPEDIENTES SANCIONADORES 45 SUELO URBANO INDUSTRIAL SECTOR PDI-1 111 SERVICIO DE COSTAS ALICANTE. AYUNTAMIENTO COCENTAINA. -NOTIFICACIÓN RESOLUCIÓN EXPEDIENTE SANCIONADOR 46 -CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES EDICTO PUBLICADO -
Obituaries Buffalo News 2010 by Name
Obituaries as found in the Buffalo News: 2010 Date of Place of Date, Page of Last Name/Maiden First Name M.I. Age Death Death/Birth/Residence Date, Page detailed obit Abbarno Vincent "Lolly" A. 9/26/2010 Kenmore, NY 9-30-2010: C4 Abbatte/Saunders Murielle A. 87 1/11/2010 1-13-2010: B4 Abbo Joseph D. 57 5/31/2010 Lewiston, NY 6-3-2010: B4 Brooksville, FL; formerly of Abbott Casimer "Casey" 12/19/22009 Cheektowaga, NY 4-18-2010: C6 Abbott Phillip C. 3/31/2010 4-3-2010: B4 Abbott Stephen E. 7/6/2010 7-8-2010: B4 Abbott/Pfoetsch Barbara J. 4/20/2010 5-2-2010: B4 Abeles Esther 95 1/31/2010 2-4-2010: C4 Abelson Gerald A. 82 2/1/2010 Buffalo, NY 2-3-2010: B4 Abraham Frank J. 94 3/21/2010 3-23-2010: B4 Abrahams/Gichtin Sonia 2/10/2010 died in California 2-14-2010: C4 Abramo Rafeala 93 12/16/2010 12-19-2010: C4 Abrams Charlotte 4/6/2010 4-8-2010: B4 Abrams S. "Michelle" M. 37 5/21/2010 Salamanca, NY 5-23-2010: B4 Abrams Walter I. 5/15/2010 Basom, NY 5-19-2010: B4 Abrosette/Aksterowicz Sister Mary 6/18/2010 6-19-2010: C4 Refer to BEN 2-21-2010: B6/7/8 for more possible Abshagen Charles, Jr. L. 73 2/19/2010 North Tonawanda, NY 2-22-2010: B8 information Acevedo Miguel A. 10/6/2010 Buffalo, NY 10-27-2010: B4 Achkar John E. -
Distinct Types of Short Open Reading Frames Are Translated in Plant Cells
Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on September 30, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 1 Distinct types of short open reading frames are translated in 2 plant cells 3 4 Igor Fesenko1,*, Ilya Kirov2, Andrey Kniazev1, Regina Khazigaleeva1, Vassili Lazarev3,4, Daria 5 Kharlampieva3, Ekaterina Grafskaia3,4, Viktor Zgoda5, Ivan Butenko3, Georgy Arapidi1,3, Anna 6 Mamaeva1, Vadim Ivanov1, Vadim Govorun3. 7 1Laboratory of functional genomics and plant proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of 8 Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation; 2Laboratory of marker-assisted and genomic 9 selection of plants, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russian 10 Federation; 3 Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation; 4Moscow 11 Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia; 5Laboratory of System 12 Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation. 13 14 Corresponding author(s). 15 * Igor Fesenko, e-mail: [email protected] 16 17 Running title: Translation of sORFs in moss 18 19 Keywords: short open reading frames, plant peptides, LC-MS/MS, evolution, alternative splicing, 20 lncRNA 21 22 ABSTRACT 23 Genomes contain millions of short (<100 codons) open reading frames (sORFs), which are usually 24 dismissed during gene annotation. Nevertheless, peptides encoded by such sORFs can play important 25 biological roles, and their impact on cellular processes has long been underestimated. Here, we 1 Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on September 30, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 26 analyzed approximately 70,000 transcribed sORFs in the model plant Physcomitrella patens (moss). 27 Several distinct classes of sORFs that differ in terms of their position on transcripts and the level of 28 evolutionary conservation are present in the moss genome. -
Sales Report
Sales Listing Report Page 1 of 262 McHenry County 01/21/2021 08:25:40 01/01/2020 - 09/30/2020 Township: GRAFTON TWP Document Number Sale Year Sale Type Valid Sale Sale Date Dept. Study Selling Price Parcel Number Built Year Property Type Prop. Class Acres Square Ft. Lot Size Grantor Name Grantee Name Site Address 2020R0006895 2020 Warranty Deed Y 02/13/2020 Y $189,000.00 REINVEST HOMES, LLC ANGELA STROPE 160 S HEATHER DR 18-01-101-027 0 GARAGE/ NO O O 0040 .00 0 CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 600145177 160 S HEATHER DR CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 60014 - Legal Description: DOC 2020R0006895 LT 31 BLK 15 R A CEPEKS CRYSTAL VISTA 2020R0030830 2020 Partial Assessmen N 07/30/2020 N $136,500.00 DANIEL M ADAMS, AS TRUST BRETT A RIDINGS 1324 THORNWOOD LN 18-01-102-037 0 GARAGE/ NO O O 0040 .00 0 CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 600145042 TARI D RIDINGS 1324 THORNWOOD LANE CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 600140000 1324 THORNWOOD LN CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 60014 -5042 Legal Description: DOC 2020R0030830 LT 1 & PT LT 19 LYING N OF & ADJ BLK 14 R A CEPEKS CRYSTAL VISTA 2020R0010709 2020 Warranty Deed Y 03/16/2020 Y $210,000.00 PATRICK J. CARAMELA JUAN P. MIRANDA STACY C. CARAMELA 58 HOLLY DR 18-01-106-018 0 LDG SINGLE FAM 0040 .00 0 CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 600145022 58 HOLLY DR CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 60014 -5022 Legal Description: DOC 2020R0010709 LT 7 BLK 19 R A CEPEKS CRYSTAL VISTA 2020R0015717 2020 Warranty Deed Y 04/23/2020 Y $95,000.00 LISA M SULMA FANO THEOFANOUS 5011 NORTHWEST HWY 18-01-107-011 0 LDG SINGLE FAM 0040 .00 0 CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 600147330 STEVE THEOFANOUS 5011 NORTHWEST HIGHWAY CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 600147330 113 HEATHER DR CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 60014 - Legal Description: DOC 2020R0015717 LT 12 BLK 31 R A CEPEKS CRYSTAL VISTA Copyright (C) 1997-2021 DEVNET Incorporated MXSTIEG Sales Listing Report Page 2 of 262 McHenry County 01/21/2021 08:25:40 01/01/2020 - 09/30/2020 Township: GRAFTON TWP Document Number Sale Year Sale Type Valid Sale Sale Date Dept. -
Arxiv:1810.00224V2 [Q-Bio.PE] 7 Dec 2020 Humanity Is Increasingly Influencing Global Environments [195]
A Survey of Biodiversity Informatics: Concepts, Practices, and Challenges Luiz M. R. Gadelha Jr.1* Pedro C. de Siracusa1 Artur Ziviani1 Eduardo Couto Dalcin2 Helen Michelle Affe2 Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira2 Luís Alexandre Estevão da Silva2 Douglas A. Augusto3 Eduardo Krempser3 Marcia Chame3 Raquel Lopes Costa4 Pedro Milet Meirelles5 and Fabiano Thompson6 1National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petrópolis, Brazil 2Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany 2Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 4National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 5Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil 6Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Abstract The unprecedented size of the human population, along with its associated economic activities, have an ever increasing impact on global environments. Across the world, countries are concerned about the growing resource consumption and the capacity of ecosystems to provide them. To effectively conserve biodiversity, it is essential to make indicators and knowledge openly available to decision-makers in ways that they can effectively use them. The development and deployment of mechanisms to produce these indicators depend on having access to trustworthy data from field surveys and automated sensors, biological collections, molec- ular data, and historic academic literature. The transformation of this raw data into synthesized information that is fit for use requires going through many refinement steps. The methodologies and techniques used to manage and analyze this data comprise an area often called biodiversity informatics (or e-Biodiversity). Bio- diversity data follows a life cycle consisting of planning, collection, certification, description, preservation, discovery, integration, and analysis. -
ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation
European Heart Journal (2020) 00,1À126 ESC GUIDELINES doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612/5899003 by guest on 31 August 2020 collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC Authors/Task Force Members: Gerhard Hindricks* (Chairperson) (Germany), Tatjana Potpara* (Chairperson) (Serbia), Nikolaos Dagres (Germany), Elena Arbelo (Spain), Jeroen J. Bax (Netherlands), Carina Blomstro¨m-Lundqvist (Sweden), Giuseppe Boriani (Italy), Manuel Castella1 (Spain), Gheorghe-Andrei Dan (Romania), Polychronis E. Dilaveris (Greece), Laurent Fauchier (France), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Jonathan M. Kalman (Australia), Mark La Meir1 * Corresponding authors: The two chairpersons contributed equally to the document. Gerhard Hindricks, University Clinic of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Department of Cardiology and Electrophysiology, Leipzig Heart Institute, Stru¨mpellstr. 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany. Tel: þ49 34 1865 1410, Fax: þ49 34 1865 1460, Email: [email protected] Tatjana Potpara, School of Medicine, Belgrade University, dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, and Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, -
Surname Index to Schenectady Births 1940-1953
Grems-Doolittle Library Schenectady County Historical Society 32 Washington Ave. Schenectady, NY 12305 Surname Index to Schenectady Births 1940-1953 Abare Abele Ackley Abba Abele Ackroyd Abbale Abeles Ackroyd Abbale Abeles Ackroyd Abbale Abell (probably Abeel) Ackroyd Abbatiello Abelone (probably Acord Abbatiello Abelove) Acree Abbatiello Abelove Acree (probably Abbatiello Aberbach or Aberback Aeree) Abbato Aberback Acton Abbato Abercrombie Acton Abbato Aboudara Acucena Abbe Abraham Adack Abbott Abrahamson (not - Adack or Adach Abbott nson) Adair Abbott Abrams Adair Abbott Abrams Adair Abbott Abramson Adair Abbott Abrofsky Adair Abbott Abt Adair Abbott Aceto Adam Abbott Aceto Adamczak Abbott Aceto Adamec Abbott Aceto Adamec Abbott Acken Adamec Abbott Acker Adamec Abbott Acker Adamek Abbott Acker Adamek Abbzle = ? spelling Acker Adamkiewicz unclear Acker Adamkiewicz Abeel Ackerle Adams Abeel Ackerman Adams Abeel Ackerman Adams Abeel Ackerman Adams Abeel Ackerman Adams Abel Ackley Adams Grems-Doolittle Library Schenectady County Historical Society 32 Washington Ave. Schenectady, NY 12305 Surname Index to Schenectady Births 1940-1953 Adams Adamson Ahl Adams Adanti Ahles Adams Addis Ahman Adams Ademec or Adamec Ahnert Adams Adinolfi Ahren Adams Adinolfi Ahren Adams Adinolfi Ahrendtsen Adams Adinolfi Ahrendtsen Adams Adkins Ahrens Adams Adkins Ahrens Adams Adriance Ahrens Adams Adsit Aiken Adams Aeree Aiken Adams Aernecke Ailes = ? Adams Agans Ainsworth Adams Agans Aker (or Aeher = ?) Adams Aganz (Agans ?) Akers Adams Agare or Abare = ? Akerson Adams Agat Akin Adams Agat Akins Adams Agen Akins Adams Aggen Akland Adams Aggen Albanese Adams Aggen Alberding Adams Aggen Albert Adams Agnew Albert Adams Agnew Albert or Alberti Adams Agnew Alberti Adams Agostara Alberti Adams Agostara (not Agostra) Alberts Adamski Agree Albig Adamski Ahave ? = totally Albig Adamson unclear Albohm Adamson Ahern Albohm Adamson Ahl Albohm (not Albolm) Adamson Ahl Albrezzi Grems-Doolittle Library Schenectady County Historical Society 32 Washington Ave. -
Peer-Reviewed Articles______Works Are Reported in Chronological Order
Prof. Giulia Fulvia Mancini – List of Publications Peer-reviewed Articles_____________________________________________________________ Works are reported in chronological order. O. Cannelli, N. Colonna, M. Puppin, T. Rossi, D. Kinschel, L. Leroy, J. Löffler, A. M. March, G. Doumy, A. Al Haddad, M.-F. Tu, Y. Kumagai, D. Walko, G. Smolentsev, F. Krieg, S. C. Boehme, M. V. Kovalenko, M. Chergui, G. F. Mancini, "Quantifying Photoinduced Polaronic Distortions in Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites Nanocrystals", J.Am.Chem. Soc. (2021) - Accepted. J. R. Rouxel, D. Fainozzi, R. Mankowsky, B. Rösner, G. Seniutinas, R. Mincigrucci, S. Catalini, L. Foglia, R. Cucini, F. Döring, A. Kubec, F. Koch, F. Bencivenga, A. Al Haddad, A. Gessini, A. A. Maznev, C. Cirelli, S. Gerber, B. Pedrini, G. F. Mancini, E. Razzoli, M. Burian, H. Ueda, G. Pamfilidis, E. Ferrari, Y. Deng, A. Mozzanica, P. J. M. Johnson, D. Ozerov, M. G. Izzo, C. Bottari, C. Arrell, E. J. Divall, Serhane Zerdane, M. Sander, G. Knopp, P. Beaud, H. T. Lemke, C. J. Milne, C. David, R. Torre, M. Chergui, K. A. Nelson, C. Masciovecchio, U. Staub, L. Patthey, C. Svetina, Hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy on bismuth germanate, Nat. Photonics (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-021-00797-9 C. Bacellar, D. Kinschel, O. Cannelli, B. Sorokin, T. Katayama, G. F. Mancini, J. R. Rouxel, Y. Obara, J. Nishitani, H. Ito, T. Ito, N. Kurahashi, C. Higashimura, S. Kudo, C. Cirelli, G. Knopp, K. Nass, P. J. M. Johnson, A. Wach, J. Szlachetko, F. A. Lima, C. J. Milne, M. Yabashi, T. Suzuki, K. Misawac, M. Chergui, "Femtosecond X-ray spectroscopy of haem proteins", Faraday Discuss., Advance Article (2021). -
The SH-SY5Y Cell Line in Parkinson's Disease Research
Xicoy et al. Molecular Neurodegeneration (2017) 12:10 DOI 10.1186/s13024-017-0149-0 REVIEW Open Access The SH-SY5Y cell line in Parkinson’s disease research: a systematic review Helena Xicoy1,2, Bé Wieringa1 and Gerard J.M. Martens2* Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating and highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease for which only symptomatic treatment is available. In order to develop a truly effective disease-modifying therapy, improvement of our current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis and progression is crucial. For this purpose, standardization of research protocols and disease models is necessary. As human dopaminergic neurons, the cells mainly affected in PD, are difficult to obtain and maintain as primary cells, current PD research is mostly performed with permanently established neuronal cell models, in particular the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y lineage. This cell line is frequently chosen because of its human origin, catecholaminergic (though not strictly dopaminergic) neuronal properties, and ease of maintenance. However, there is no consensus on many fundamental aspects that are associated with its use, such as the effects of culture media composition and of variations in differentiation protocols. Here we present the outcome of a systematic review of scientific articles that have used SH-SY5Y cells to explore PD. We describe the cell source, culture conditions, differentiation protocols, methods/approaches used to mimic PD and the preclinical validation of the SH-SY5Y findings by employing alternative cellular and animal models. Thus, this overview may help to standardize the use of the SH-SY5Y cell line in PD research and serve as a future user’sguide.