HISTORICAL SKETCHES

OF THE

FOR EIGN MISSIOIN S

OF THE

(Seventh=dcw ficivenfisfs.

WITH REPORTS OF THE EUROPEAN MISSIONARY COUNCILS OF 1883, 1884, AND 1885, AND A NARRATIVE BY MRS. E. G. WHITE OF HER VISIT AND LABORS IN THESE MISSIONS.

1 8 8 6. IMPRIMERIE POLYGLOTTE, BASLE. PREFACF.

AT the annual meeting of the European visit to Russia, with the facts concern- Council of Seventh-day Adventist Mis- ing his arrest on the charge of teaching sions, held at Basle, Switzerland, in the Jewish heresy, his prison experience, fall of 1885, a request was made for the and his final release through the inter- publication of a work to contain a brief vention of the American Minister at. St. history of the three European missions, Petersburg. a report of the proceedings of the Coun- In the "Historical Sketches" it will cil of 1885, and a record of the visit of be found that the writers have not only Mrs. E. G. White to the principal churches recorded briefly what has been accom- in these missions. It was then thought plished in these missions, but they have that a few pages would be sufficient to presented, in connection with the nar- record the establishment and progress rative, many facts pertaining to the of these missions, and that the report of countries already entered, and those the Council would be the leading feature adjacent to them which present equally of the work. But as the preparation of promising fields, showing the extent of the sketches has gone forward, many the work yet to be accomplished before interesting incidents have been found the warning messages brought to view in the experience of the pioneers in the in the fourteenth chapter of Revelation missions, which deserve to be recorded shall have been proclaimed to all the in such a work as this, and many facts nations and peoples of the world. To that are of value as showing the char- aid the reader in the study of these acter of the work that has thus far been fields, and to show what has thus far accomplished, and the nature of the been accomplished, four full-colored efforts that will be required to secure maps have been added to the book, future prosperity. showing Australia, New Zealand, Switzer- Since the publication of these sketches land, and, in the large folded map, all as at first planned has been unavoidably of Europe. On each of these maps, the delayed, the publishers have been en- location of churches and small com- abled to add a full and interesting ac- panies of Seventh-day Adventists is count of the establishment of the mis- plainly marked. sion in Australia and New Zealand, and In the "Practical Addresses" of Mrs. at the last moment before going to press White, given at the Swiss Conference to obtain a sketch of Eld. L. R. Conradi's and the Missionary Council at Basle, iv PREFACE.

there are many words of instruction to have a missionary spirit, and an ap- and admonition that may be studied peal for means to carry forward the with profit by home missionaries as well work in the missions that have already as those laboring in foreign lands, and been established, and that could do a there are also many thoughts for the much greater work if' they were better encouragement of those who would be supplied with men and means. helpers in the great work in its various We believe that our readers will find branches, according to their circum- a study of the experience of those who stances and ability. have entered these different mission The "Notes of Travel," giving a brief fields to be both entertaining and in- account of the journey from California structive ; for as we note the difficulties to Switzerland, with a fuller account of which these men have met, and the Mrs. White's labors at the various places means by which they have surmounted visited in England, Switzerland, Scandi- them, we are brought in contact with navia, and Italy, present many items of those circumstances, customs, and prej- interest about the places visited, the udices which the laborer in these coun- habits and customs of the people, their tries must meet and become accustomed religious beliefs and practices, and their to. By this means we are brought more present attitude toward religious reform, in sympathy with the missionary and his with frequent references to the part work ; and those who may sometime be which their ancestors acted in the great called upon to share the burdens and Reformation of the sixteenth century. perplexities of these labors, may gain The illustrations that have been ob- valuable ideas as to the preparation that tained for the "Historical Sketches" and is necessary to fit one for this work. "Notes of Travel," especially those of If this volume shall be the means of the buildings just erected for our mis- arousing in the hearts of some a deeper sions at Basle and Christiania, will, we interest in the salvation of their fellow- are sure, be appreciated by the reader. men, if it shall lead some to ask them- These, with many of the other cuts, selves whether they are using to the have been made especially for this work. best advantage the talents of means In the closing pages will be found ap- which the Master has intrusted to their peals for a more general and thorough care, if it shall encourage some to be- system of educating and training men come laborers in missionary fields, the for mission work, a discourse on the design and wish of its publishers will be duty of parents to train their children fully realized. PUBLISHERS. CONT1-,NTS.

The Central European. Mission. Other Ministers, 59 EARLY PUBLISHING, 59 BY B. L. WHITNEY. A MISSION OPENED IN DENMARK, 61 The Sabbath Truth Introduced in Central Vejle, Alstrup, 61 Europe, 9 Tylstrup, Fano, Ringsted, 62 The Swiss Sabbath-keepers Send Repre- NORWAY, 62 sentatives to America, 11 Our Work in Christiania, 63 A Mission Established, 11 Opposition, 64 A Survey of the Field, 12 Other Laborers, 65 The Position of Switzerland, 13 A Church Organized, 65 Obstacles to be Encountered, 14 A Permanent Place for Meetings, 66 Organization of the Work in Switzerland, 16 Publishing and Printing, 66 Sabbath-keepers in Germany, 17 Visit of Eld. Matteson to America, 67 Organization of the Tract Society, 21 The Publishing Work Extended, 67 The Work in Germany, 22 THE WORK IN SWEDEN, 68 Eld. D. T. Bourdeau Joins the Mission, 22 Eld. Rosqvist's Imprisonment, 68 A Paper Established at Basle, 23 PROGRESS OF THE WORK, 71 Some Difficulties in Publishing, 24 Visits of American Brethren, 71 The Work in France, 27 Stockholm, 72 Visit of Eld. Andrews to Italy, 28 Copenhagen, 73 Arrival of Eld. Ings and Wife, 32 The New Office and Meeting-house at Eld. Andrews' Visit to America, 33 Christiania, 73 Extended Circulation of Les Signes, 34 Scandinavian Colporters, 76 Agitation of the Temperance Question, 35 The Visit of Eld. Haskell, 37 The British Mission. Change in Location of the Office, 38 BY M. C. WILCOX. The Conference of 1883, 39 Death of Eld. Andrews, 40 Early Sabbath-keepers in England, 79 Reorganization of the Tract Society, 41 Proclamation of the Advent Doctrine, 80 The Publication of New Journals, 42 First S. D. A. Missionary in Great Britain, 81 The Visit of Eld. Butler, 42 Eld. Loughborough Sent to England, 81 Organization of the Swiss Conference, 43 A Mission Opened at Southampton, 81 The Second European Council, 45 The First Tent-meeting, 81 The New Publishing House at Basle, 46 Organization of the Tract Society, 82 Arrival of Eld. W. C. and Mrs. E. G. White, 51 Tent-meeting at Romsey, .82 The Swiss Conference and the European Additional Workers Sent to the Mission, 83 - Missionary Council, 51 Labors in Grimsby and Vicinity, 83 Review of the Work, 53 The Ship-work at Hull and Liverpool, 83 Need of Trained Laborers, 55 Early Publishing, 84 Removal of the Mission to Grimsby, 84 The Scandinavian Mission. Visits of Elds. Haskell, Butler, and Others, 84 BY J. G. MATTESON. A Paper Established, 86 EARLY SCANDINAVIAN SABBATH-KEEPERS, 57 Elds. Lane and Andrews Join the Mission, 87 Eld. Matteson's Early Experience, 58 Visit of Mrs. E. G. and Eld. W. C. White, 87 (v)

vi CONTENTS.

Labors of Colporters, 88 Humble Laborers, 189 An Institute Held at Grimsby in 1886, 88 Situation of Stockholm, 191 Reorganization of the Tract Society, 88 Sweden and the Thirty Years' War, 191 Peculiar Difficulties in the English Field, 89 Appearance of the Country, 193 GRYTHYTTEHED, 194 The Australian Mission, Perseverance amid Trials. 195 BY S. N. HASKELL. Visit to a Lutheran Church, 198 Description of Australia, 91 OREBRO, 199 The Religion of the People, 93 Reformers in Sweden, 201 How our Attention was Called to Australia, 93 Persecution for Preaching the First Angel' s A Mission Opened, 94 Message, 202 The Publishing Work, 97 Child-preachers, 205 Bible Readings, 99 CHRISTIANIA, 207 Organization of the First Church, 99 A Large Temperance Meeting, 207 Close of the Tent Season, 100 The President's Remarks, 211 New Zealand, 102 Labor for the Church, 211 The Maories, 107 Importance of the Sabbath, 215 Summary, 108 The Country and the People, 219 Report of Missionary Councils. RETURN TO SWITZERLAND, 220 Cologne, 222 THE FIRST ORGANIZATION, 109 Along the Rhine, 223 THE COUNCIL OF 1884, 109 VISIT TO NORTHERN ITALY, 226 THE COUNCIL OF 1885, 113 Swiss Scenery, 227 Practical Addresses. The St. Gotthard Pass, 228 Labors in the Piedmont Valleys, 231 LOVE AND FORBEARANCE AMONG BRETHREN, 119 A Sermon Interrupted, 234 MANNER OF PRESENTING THE TRUTH, 121 Further Labors, 235 UNITY AMONG LABORERS, 124 The Waldenses, 239 COURAGE AND PERSEVERANCE IN THE MIN- ISTRY, 126 A Visit to Russia. THE CHRISTIAN'S STRENGTH, 129 BY L. R. CONRADI. How TO MEET TEMPTATIONS, 133 Extent of the Russian Empire, UNITY AMONG DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES, 136 250 Incidents of the Journey, THE BOOK OF LIFE, 138 250 The Germans in Russia, 252 THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD, 140 Visit to a Russian Church, IMPORTANCE OF WATCHFULNESS AND 253 Religious Toleration, PRAYER, 144 253 The Crimea, THE WORK IN NEW FIELDS, 147 254 The Mennonites, ADDRESS TO THE MISSIONARY WORKERS, 149 254 The German Work in America, SATAN AN ACCUSER OF THE BRETHREN, 154 255 Labors in the Crimea, 256 Notes of Travel. Arrest and Imprisonment, 257 BY MRS. E. G. WHITE. Our, Release, 263 FROM CALIFORNIA TO SWITZERLAND, 159 Among the Brethren, 265 Labors in England, 162 In Eastern Russia, 266 From London to Basle, 166 Moscow, 268 The Swiss Conference and the European Across the Border, 270 Council, 172 Tent Labor and Colporter Work. VISIT TO SCANDINAVIA, 174 COPENHAGEN, 179 THE USE OF TENTS IN EUROPEAN FIELDS, 272 Sermon.—Parable of the Fig-tree, 180 COLPORTER WORK IN EUROPE, 275 The Sabbath Meetings, 182 Evening Meetings, 183 Appeals for Our Missions. Influence of a Tract, 184 EDUCATION FOR THE MISSIONARY WORK, 280 A Missionary Field, 185 THE YOUTH AS MISSIONARY WORKERS, 284 STOCKHOLM, 187 LABORERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS, 287 An Easy Religion Popular, 188 OUR DUTY TO THE MISSIONARY WORK, 290 LIST OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE. MAP OF SWITZERLAND, 24 BASLE AS SEEN FROM THE OLD BRIDGE, 25 THE VAUDOIS TAKING THEIR OATH, 32 THE BASLE PRINTING OFFICE, 47 MAP OF EUROPE, . • ct 56 VIEW OF CHRISTIANIA, LOOKING TOWARD THE KING'S PALACE, . 63 PARTIAL VIEW OF OREBRO, SHOWING THE PRISON IN BACKGROUND, 69 THE MISSION PRINTING OFFICE, CHRISTIANIA, 74 RAVENSWOOD VILLA, SHIRLEY ROAD, SOUTHAMPTON, ENG., 85 OFFICE OF Present Truth, GRIMSBY, ENG., 86 MAP OF AUSTRALIA, . 96 MAP OF NEW ZEALAND, 97 Bible Echo OFFICE, NORTH FITZROY, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA, 98 AN ENGLISH TRAIN, 167 " TICKETS, PLEASE," 168 A SECOND-CLASS COMPARTMENT AT NIGHT, 169 BURNING OF IMAGES IN BASLE, 170 AN OLD GERMAN CASTLE, 177 VIEW OF COPENHAGEN, 179 A PARK IN COPENHAGEN, 186 STOCKHOLM, 192 " ENGELBREKT SLOTT," 203 CHRISTIANIA, 219 CASTLE ON THE RHINE, 224 DIAGRAM OF LOOP TUNNELS ON NORTH SIDE OF ALPS, 228 THE ST. GOTTHARD PASS, 229 CIRCULAR TUNNELS ON SOUTH SIDE OF ALPS, 230 TORRE PELLICE, ITALY, 238 GATHERING HAY FROM THE MOUNTAINS, 246 THE PRISON AT PEREKOP, 259 A VIEW IN MOSCOW, 269 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

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THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION.

TITHE question has often been asked charge of the general direction of the -I- why Seventh-day Adventists should work decided upon the early measures have chosen Central Europe, with its di- which they took in the establishment of versity of languages, as the first field this mission. for their foreign missionary operations. The means which God uses in his Certainly there was nothing, as subse- work are often those which to the quent reflection will show, which made view of human prudence could have this field one peculiarly favorable to the only a contrary result; and many times proclamation of the present truth. Why, he employs agents for the accomplish- then, should this field have been cho- ment of his purposes which have alto- sen in preference to that, for instance, gether a different work in view from of England, which, being the mother what they are in reality doing. Men lay country to that in which the mes- plans and select what seems to them the sage had its birth, had the not inconsid- best agents for their accomplishment ; erable advantage of having a common but God turns their most sagacious de- tongue? It would naturally be supposed signs to confusion, and by his infinite that Great Britain, which has done so wisdom lays the foundation for the prog-, much in the circulation of the Script- ress of his own work. The light of ures and the extension of the gospel, the third angel's message first began to would have been the field earliest sought shine on the continent of Europe, in the as the first foreign ground on which to countries now comprised within the plant the standard of the last great work limits of the Central European Mission; of reform. and of those who first received this light It may not be for us to discern why it there still remain some as faithful wit- was not thus, and it certainly would be nesses to the truth. idle to question the inscrutable provi- As those who had for years been dence which permitted it to be other- preaching that the great truths of the wise. It will, however, be of interest message must ultimately go to every to note the exterior circumstances which nation, kindred, tongue, and people, saw led to this result, and made it almost a them being planted, not by their own matter of course that the men who had efforts, but by the overruling providence (9) 10 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. of God, among these people of foreign much opposition from the pastors, and tongue, it was only natural that they suffering privations in his work. At the should have their interests and sym- end of this time he went to Switzerland, pathies called out to extend a help- where he labored with great energy ing hand in the endeavor to carry for- and perseverance, and established a ward the good work which had thus periodical entitled, The Everlasting Gos- been commenced. It was not strange, pel, which was published regularly dur- therefore, that the first missionary sent ing the period of two years.' During to the Old World should have come to this time he preached in different Central Europe, where there were al- localities, everywhere proclaiming the ready hearts anxiously inquiring for Sabbath in connection with the other more light and a better knowledge of doctrines which he advocated. Among the great truths of this last message. It the largest of the companies that ac- will be of interest to the reader to note cepted the truth through his preaching the peculiar circumstances which led to in Switzerland, was that of Tramelan. this early planting of the truth in this Several families of those who received field, and thus to the establishment of the Sabbath in this place are still faith- the first Seventh-day Adventist mission ful to the truths of the third angel's mes- in Europe. sage. Financial difficulties and other In the year 1864, Eld. M. B. Cze- obstacles in the way of his remaining chowski, a Polish Catholic who had been longer in Switzerland, led him in the converted to Protestantism, and who, winter of 1868-9, to go to Roumania, visiting America, had also received the where he still continued to propagate truths of the third angel's message, re- the truths of the Sabbath and second turned to Europe from America. It had advent, though under additional difficul- been his desire for some years to come ties from his lack of knowledge of the as a missionary of the Seventh-day Roumanian language. Some, however, Adventists ; but as there existed certain who received the truth from his efforts reasons why it was not thought advisa- in these places, have remained faithful ble to intrust him with so important to it, and it is through their adherence a mission, he received no encouragement to the faith that efforts have been made from them. Being determined, however, toward the propagation of the truth in to come, he applied to the first-day Ad- Roumania. ventists ; and when he finally set sail Passing in silence the unfortunate for Europe it was nominally as their experience which especially marked the missionary. Doubtless those who em- later career of this energetic but mis- ployed this zealous, earnest, but unfor- guided man, we simply record his death, tunate man, little thought that he was which took place at a hospital in Vien- to be the agent in planting the Sabbath na, in the early part of the year 1876. truth, in connection with the doctrine of But the seeds of truth which he had the second coming of Christ, in several been instrumental in scattering did not countries of Central Europe. And yet die with him. NatUrally enough, from such proved to be the result. his relation to the first-day Adventists, Eld. Czechowski went first to the while propagating a truth which they Piedmont Valleys, where he remained bitterly opposed, he avoided giving to about fourteen months, encountering his converts any clue, on the one hand THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 11 -to the people from whom he received a of May, 1869, reaching Battle Creek the partial support, or on the other hand to 18th of June, but too late for the Gen- those from whom he received his knowl- eral 'Conference. It was thought best edge of the Sabbath truth. But even by the American brethren that he should during the period of his labors, some in spend some time among them to become Switzerland who had become interested familiar with the truth and also the in the great truths of the message, English language, as a means of extend- learned by accident the address of our ing his own knowledge of our doctrines Office of Publication in Battle Creek, that, he might thus be prepared to, assist -corresponded with our people, and by others. He remained in America sixteen means of this correspondence and of months, making such progress as to be our periodicals, became acquainted with able to speak in English at the various our work in America. As they learned camp-meetings which he attended. Dur- of the work there, they became desirous ing the summer of 1869 he attended the of connecting themselves with it, and camp-meetings which were held in Ohio, sent appeals for help to our brethren Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minne- there. sota, and in 1870 those held at Oneida,, N. Y., South Lancaster, Mass., and Bor- REPRESENTATIVES SENT TO AMERICA. doville, Vt. He sailed from New York In response to these appeals, the Swiss on his return voyage, Sept. 8, 1870, brethren who had been in communica- feeling that the period of his stay in tion with the General Conference through America had been one of rich blessing to Bro. Albert Vuilleumier, were invited to him. In the month of June, Bro. Ademar send a representative to the General Vuilleumier was also sent to America by Conference to be held at Battle Creek in the Swiss Sabbath-keepers, and for the May, 1869. To this invitation they same objects ; namely, to represent the gladly responded, as they were very de- work among them, and to obtain a prep- sirous to become more fully acquainted aration, by the study of the truth, the with the doctrines of the Seventh-day language, and the manner of working Adventists which they had espoused, among the American brethren, for future and to connect themselves with the usefulness in his native land. He re- work of our people. The choice would mained over two years in America, naturally have fallen upon Bro. Albert working in the Office, giving lessons in Vuilleumier, as he was not only the French, and during the tent season acting elder of the little company, but was as tent-master for Brn. E. B. Lane and partially acquainted with the English D. H. Lamson during a course of lect- language ; but as he could not leave ures at Armeda, Mich. home for so long a stay, Bro., now Eld., James Erzenberger, a young German A MISSION ESTABLISHED. Swiss Sabbath-keeper, was chosen to These earnest appeals, this active in- represent the infant cause in Switzerland. terest in behalf of the propagation of this Wholly ignorant of the English, not new light among their fellow-country- knowing how he was to communicate men, on the part of these worthy souls with those to whom he was sent, but who had, through the providence of trusting in God for guidance, Bro. God, received the present truth, this stir- Erzenberger left Europe in the month ring call which came alike by the. living 12 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. voice and the written epistle to "come nations of Central Europe, is their lim- over and help us," led our breth- ited territory as compared with their- ren to decide upon the permanent estab- immense population ; and to assist the lishment of a Seventh-day Adventist reader in this imaginary journey through mission for Central Europe, and induced these countries which are yet to be il- the .Cferieral Conference to recommend luminated, l3;,.! the light of the present that one of its oldest and most re- truth, give,,some statistics as to spected laborers, one of the pioneers in their comparative size and population. the work of Sabbath reform as 'con- Let us begin :with the great empire of nected with the great Advent movement Germany ; gr4it in the extent of its of this last half century, Eld. J. N. political influence, great indeed in its Andrews, be selected to take charge of extensive population, which, according this important and difficult work. The to the latest census; numbers not less definite action of selecting Eld. Andrews than 45,000,000 sotiN great in its for this mission was taken by the Confer- relation to a work ottotal reform like ence at its session held Aug. 14, 1874 ; that in which we are engaged, since it and Sept. 14 of the same year he was the birthplace of the grand Refor- sailed from Boston on the S. S. Atlas, mation of the sixteenth century. This of the Cunard Line, accompanied by the great empire with its numerous pop- remaining members of his family, a son ulation covers a territory of 210,148 and daughter, and Bro. Ademar Vuilleu- square miles, and in its physical aspect mien After visiting, in company with is one of the richest, most productive, Eld. Wm. M. Jones, the Sabbath-keepers and most inviting countries of Europe. of England and Scotland, Eld. Andrews To the south-east of it lies the empire and party arrived safely at Neuchatel, of Austria with its population of 39,000,- Oct. 16, 1874, where they were wel- 000. A reference to the accompanying comed by Brn. Albert and Luc Vuilleu- map, on which are marked the localities mier. where there are churches and compan- ies of Sabbath-keepers, will show that in A SURVEY OF THE FIELD. all this vast empire of Austria there is It will be necessary to an intelligent not yet a single company of Sabbath- survey of the comparatively few though keepers. Beyond it to the south-east is important years which have passed since Roumania, into which country the light this mission was decided upon, to give of the truth has already to some extent at least a hasty glance over its field of penetrated. With its own population operation, and to take somewhat into and that of the adjacent countries, there account the diversities of its physical are nearly 10,000,000 who speak this and moral character. Let us look first tongue. at its geographical features. The reader In the south of Europe lies sunny Italy, will be able to gain a clearer idea of a country which, but for the degrading the work before the mission, by a refer- influences of the system of religion un- ence to the maps which accompany this der which for so many centuries it has sketch. been held in civil and political bondage, One of the things which most vividly would be one of the most beautiful impress the traveler from the New countries in the world. With a delight- World as he journeys among these older ful climate, and a naturally productive THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 13

soil which yields the greatest variety some idea of the density of the popula- of fruit and vegetables in profuse tion in these countries, let us institute a abundance, nothing, so far as the gifts comparison. For instance, Belgium has of nature are concerned, seems lacking a less area than that of the States of to make this country a veritable para- Delaware and Vermont combined ; yet dise. Of the peculiar situation of its it has a population of more than eleven 30,000,000 inhabitants we will speak and a half times that of both these farther on. States. The State of Maryland is but little To the west is the republic of France, less in area than Holland ; the latter has a country of a strangely. diversified over four millions population, while the character and history. In population it former has less than one million. The is nearly equal to the empire of either German empire lacks more than fifty Germany or Austria, as it is also in the thousand square miles of having as extent of • its territory. A beautiful much territory as the State of Texas; country indeed is "la belle France," but it has a population thirty times as and were the moral and religious char- large as that of this State. Notwith- acter of its people equal to the natural standing the thousands of industrious .and physical advantages which this and enterprising emigrants that this country enjoys by reason of its favorable empire has sent to the New World, its situation and its genial climate, it would present population is nine times that of be indeed an inviting field for the work our great Empire State. of the message. The impulsiveness of the French nation is as proverbial as their THE POSITION OF SWITZERLAND. politeness ; infidelity and skepticism are In the midst of these nationalities interwoven in every grade of society; which we have named is found one of a predominating Catholicism has left its the most beautiful countries in the blighting stamp here as elsewhere; but world. Insignificant indeed as to its ex- the land whose soil was drenched with tent and population, she has nevertheless the blood of the Huguenots still holds as maintained for centuries her national honest souls, and hearts as loyal to the existence and independence, in the right, as those who have in past times midst of the great powers who might laid down their life for the truth. seemingly have easily divided her terri- Beyond France to the south-west lie tory among them. May we not believe the countries of Spain and Portugal with that the hand of Providence has been in a much less dense population than the this, and that God has designed to pre- other countries mentioned, the former serve this little country in its national having only 17,000,000, the latter 5,000,- neutrality as a favorable field from 000. Like' Italy, these countries bear the which to send the truth of the third an- marks of the religious despotism which gel's message to the populous countries has ruled them for centuries, and which of Central Europe? That it has thus still holds a powerful control over the maintained its national existence and common mind. independence in the midst of these great In the north lie the countries of powers, that its inconsiderable territory Belgium and Holland. Although small, and power have left it in a much-to-be- they contain an immense population. coveted position of neutrality, are facts To help the American reader in forming which indicate the natural propriety of 14 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

choosing this country as the location for or nearly four times that of the entire the establishment of a mission designed United States. to extend to all these nationalities. There does not exist toward Switzer- OBSTACLES TO BE ENCOUNTERED. land that national prejudice so evident But there are other considerations of among the great powers toward one an- even deeper interest and importance as other. She holds in an eminent degree relating to the character of the work the position of neutrality among them; which must be done in order to a suc- as illustrated by the fact that when the cessful presentation of the truth in these famous international arbitration occurred countries. It may not be out of place. in the years 1872-3, by which the diffi- here, or lacking in interest to the reader, culties that threatened war between to refer to the moral and religious con- England and the United States were dition of the people in these countries ; peacefully adjusted so that the impending and we will speak of these points with calamity was averted, Switzerland was respect to the obstacles which they the ground chosen for this arbitration, present. and among its instigators were found One of the characteristics the most the people whose undisputed position of generally remarked among all these neutrality gave them the right to be the nations of continental Europe, is that of bearers of the olive branch of peace. aversion to change or innovation in In this free republic of Switzerland, the habits and customs of the common so centrally situated, and so admirably people. The sudden political changes. adapted, by its political relations, to and spasmodic revolutions which have become a center for the great work characterized in particular the history among these various nationalities, the of France and Spain constitute no real Central European. Mission was to be exception to this remark, as these relate established. With three tongues, the rather to the political character of the French, the German, and the Italian, nation than to the habits of the people. as its national languages, with no sec- In general, the people follow the cus- tional barrier of prejudice to stand toms of their ancestors, and are content between it and the surrounding nations to do this without desire of change. which were to be united with it in the Without doubt it is true that many of common brotherhood of truth, no other the more progressive minds, those who locality could have been selected so well have been more willing to change and adapted for this work as the one which, to adopt new and improved ideas, wit- it would seem, Providence had thus nessing the tendency to maintain the prepared for it. conservative customs of other years, We only add by way of summary as have left their native land in search to the great extent of the work before of more congenial society in which to this mission which was about to be gratify their desire for change and planted, that the countries which we improvement. The result of this has have already named, to say nothing of been to leave more to the quiet of its the smaller countries adjacent to them, undisturbed routine the general tenor or of their possessions in Africa, and in of the common thought, so that the. the islands of the Mediterranean, con- people have been slow to imbibe the tain a population of 188,744,882 souls, spirit of change and of progress so. THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 15 marked in the New World during the When men have been educated for long present century. years to believe that all that is necessary If the common habits and customs of to constitute them Christians is to fol- the people, so far as relates to their low the form of the church, and to every-day life, have remained fixed and profess faith in Christ without any spe- unchanged, much more has this tend- cial or any real exercise in Christian ency been prevalent in regard to their experience, it is indeed no small task to religious faith. The people pride them- lead them to accept and live out the selves on the fact that their faith is of practical truths of the third angel's mes- ancient date ; the more ancient the more sage. honorable. They are content to believe Assuredly we would not be under- as their fathers believed, and are sat- stood as representing that there are no isfied with the religious customs which exceptions to the prevailing conditions their fathers practiced. Indeed, with which we have mentioned above; for the masses, religion consists more in that there are such exceptions the formality, the practice of exterior ob- history of the work even to the pres- servances, than in the real change of ent time has abundantly demonstrated. heart, and the living operation of the There are honest souls who know what Spirit of God. In addition to this, the a true Christian experience is, and who, people are in general very ignorant of walking according to the best light they the Scriptures. This among certain have received, are anxiously desirous of classes arises not so much from the a better knowledge of the will of God, fact that they do not have the Script- and knowing it, they are willing to obey ures, and do not read them, as from it at any sacrifice. It is such that the the fact that this is done mechanic- message will search out. They will be ally, as is all their religious service in found here and there among the nations, a great measure, so that while they read and, receiving and obeying the light, the Bible they receive no new ideas they will be prepared to meet our Lord. from its sacred teachings. Thousands when he shall return to gather his oho, of people are destitute of the word of sen ones; but under the conditions we God, and in order to receive its truths, have described, it will naturally be much have to be taught its very first prin- more difficult to accomplish the work ciples, even as one would teach those among these nations than in those lo- who have not had the privileges of the calities where the general conditions of gospel. the people are more favorable. It will be seen that all these circum- Such, in general, was the field which stances conspire to make the work in presented itself before Bro. Andrews general among these nations slow and on his arrival in Switzerland to under-, difficult. The people have to be edu- take the work to which he had been cated from. the beginning ; and when it assigned. Unacquainted with the lan- comes to the question of introducing guages of the people for whom he came religious duties, and obedience to the to labor, it was indeed a task requiring word of God which demands sacrifice, no small degree of courage and faith in self-denial, and the breaking away from God to undertake. Already advanced in long-established customs, it requires no years, the acquisition of the languages small effort to lead them to do this. to such an extent as to be able to 16 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. do public and literary work in preach- the work, and the best means of gaining ing and editing was of itself a serious access to the people. The brethren undertaking ; but Eld. Andrews applied manifested an earnest desire to do their himself to this work with that diligence duty, and a willingness to co-operate in and perseverance for which his former any way possible, with their American studious habits had given him an emi- brethren, to whom they expressed their nent qualification. thanks for the help sent them. Not. - During the early months of his stay in having concluded upon any definite plan Switzerland he devoted himself princi- of action, another meeting was ap- pally to the study of the French language, pointed to be held at Lode two weeks in the meantime visiting the various com- later. At this meeting the urgent ne- panies of Sabbath-keepers, and speaking cessity for publications was consid- to them by interpretation. With a view ered, and it was voted to raise the sum to giving greater publicity to his work, of 2000 francs, to commence the work and at the same time to ascertain, if pos- of publishing. The brethren present sible, if there were others, of whom he donated the sum of 1800 francs at once, had as yet no knowledge, who were al- and a committee of three, consisting of ready observing the Sabbath of the Lord, Brn. Andrews, Albert Vuilleumier, and he began to advertise in some of the most Louis Schild, was chosen to take the widely circulated papers of Central Eu- oversight of the work for the ensuing rope. In :these advertisements he in- year. It was designed that these funds vited correspondence on the part of those should be used in the publication of such who were either observing the Bible tracts as had already been translated into Sabbath or desirous to investigate its obli- French, and of others that were in prepa- gations. He hoped by this means, while ration. This, work of publishing was laboring to organize the work among commenced in the early part of the the limited number with whom he was following year. directly associated, and enlisting them The most general assembly, however, in more active efforts to carry the truth of these early believers was convened to others, to extend his acquaintance, and at Chaux-de-Fonds in January, 1875. thus prepare the way for a broader This meeting, which according to the work to be accomplished. report given of it at the time was " for the transaction of business, for the cele- ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK IN bration of the ordinances, and for the SWITZERLAND. worship of God, " still remains en- The first general meeting of Sabbath- graven in the memories of some as keepers after the arrival of Bro. An- the first occasion of the kind in which dreWs in Switzerland, was held Nov. 1, they had ever participated. It was a 1874, at Neuchatel. There were rep- season of encouragement to all. It was resentatives present from the little com- at this time decided that Brn. Andrews panieS in Tramelan, Lode, Chaux-de- and Erzenberger should immediately Fonds, Fleurier, Bienne, and Buckten. visit the German Sabbath-keepers of This meeting, which was somewhat in- whom they had learned in Prussia. To formal, was devoted to a free inter- meet the expenses of this journey the change of thought as to the best plans Swiss brethren cheerfully raised the to be adopted for the advancement of sum of 300 francs. The meeting closed THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 17 the evening of January 31, and the to lodge over night at the house of one, next day these brethren started on their of our sisters near Basle. As this sister journey for Elberfeld, three hundred spoke to him concerning the truth, he in- miles directly north. On their arrival formed her that there were near Elber- here they found a company of forty-six feld people of the same faith, and gave adult Sabbath-keepers scattered over a her the address of Eld. Lindermann. territory some fifty miles in width. Some Subsequent correspondence led to the facts concerning the history of these visit of Elds. Andrews and Erzenber- Sabbath-keepers, and how Eld. Andrews ger, who were cordially received by came to have a knowledge of them, will, these friends. It had been but a short we are confident, be of interest. time since they learned that there AN ere any Christians in the world, except SABBATH-KEEPERS IN GERMANY. themselves, observing the seventh day. A man by the name of J. H. Linder- They had believed there must be others, mann, in early life a member of the and now when they came to hear National Church, as are nearly all those through these brethren of the work of in this country who are not Catholics, Sabbath reform in America and in was converted in 1842, and became a countries, their hearts were made colporter and preacher in the Reformed to rejoice, and they shed tears of joy. Church. From his study of the Script- During the remainder of this month ures he was led, in the year 1850, to the brethren labored among these accept the Bible doctrine of baptism. friends, visiting the different local- This change of views made quite a sep- ities where they resided, and holding aration between himself and his former meetings not only with them, but also followers, a portion of whom, however, more publicly in such halls as they accepted the doctrine which he preached. could secure. In some localities a re•- Still later his mind was called to the sub- markable degree of interest was mani- ject of the Sabbath.' On searching the fested on the part of the public in these word of God, he found to his surprise meetings, and they were attended by that there was no authority for the ob- the best class of people. The public servance of Sunday, and therefore he meetings held in Gladbach were of spe- began to observe the Sabbath of the cial interest; among those who attended Lord. This was in the year 1860, and were many of the teachers of the for three years he observed the Sabbath city schools, and several clergymen. At alone. This change of practice was the close of one of these meetings a again the cause of division between business man, who, though not a Sab- him and his flock, who through him had bath-keeper himself, was the son of received light on the subject of baptism. Sabbath-keeping parents, came to Bro. As early as 1870 some of this num- Andrews, and asked the privilege of ber, however, began to- keep the Sab- meeting the entire expense of adver- bath with him, and after, a time our tising his work in three of the leading brethren in Switzerland learned of the papers in Holland. He had attended existence of such a company of Sabbath- the meeting of the previous evening, in keepers in Prussia. The manner in which Bro. A. had expressed a desire which they received this information was that these friends, being situated so through a beggar who was permitted near the line of Holland, should assist 18 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. in this work in that country, as he had a livelihood. Men are accustomed to already invited the friends in Elberfeld learn but one trade or one branch of to do for Germany. business, so that they are wholly de- In his acquaintance with this people, pendent upon this particular kind of Bro. Andrews learned that they were work for the support of their families. believers in the near coming of Christ Under these circumstances it is often as well as observers of the rest-day of very difficult for them to obey their Jehovah. They held no special errors in convictions concerning the Sabbath, doctrine, nor were they fanatical in even though they may be thoroughly their worship. They had renounced convinced of their duty to keep it. The the use of tobacco, a habit almost uni- circumstances of the people here, as versal in this country, and were plain well as the fact that so many were al- and simple in their dress. Indeed, they ready observing the Sabbath, seemed seemed to be a sensible, upright, intel- therefore to recommend this as a prom- ligent people, who feared God and who ising field of labor. So, after having had respect for his word. labored together for five weeks, Bro. An- They are also a thoroughly industri- drews returned to Switzerland, leaving ous and frugal people. As the result of Bro. Erzenberger here to continue the this, though none of them are wealthy, work and to labor in new fields as nearly all are in comfortable circum- the way might open before him. stances, while some have gained what It may be of interest to the reader might be considered a competency. to mention some facts concerning the Many of these families own the homes legal regulations which must be com- which they occupy, and a small piece of plied with in order that meetings may land adjoining them. They are mostly be held in this country. Germany may employed as weavers of silk, or silk and be said to be well governed in the sense cotton goods. Thousands of families in that the requirements of the law are this locality are employed in this way, strictly and rigidly enforced. These and the younger children as well as the regulations seem very strange to those older ones are taught to do this work, who have been accustomed to, the free- which requires much skill and dexterity. dom of American citizenship. In this Some of the fabrics which they produce country, as in all other countries of con- are most delicate and exquisite, being tinental Europe, when a stranger would woven in a great variety of beautiful sojourn for any length of time in any patterns. Their looms, which are intri- locality, he must on his arrival present cate and, complicated, are in their own his passport to the authorities, and re- houses, so that they can control their ceive permission to remain. In fact, un- hours of work. less this is done within twenty-four Having thus employment in their own hours the person who entertains him is homes, it is much easier for them to ob- liable to a fine? If any one desires to serve the Sabbath than for those who hold a public meeting, he must give are employed in factories. All through notice of the fact to the authorities, stat- Germany there are manufactories of ing the place where the meeting is to be different kinds. In many localities these held, and its nature, or the subject which furnish almost the only employment by is to be presented. If the permission is which the mass of the population obtain granted, the meeting is then under the THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 1.q protection of the law, and government time to time during the meeting. And, officers are present to see that order and notwithstanding the fact of its, being a decorum are maintained. In this re- religious service, many persons were spect Germany is one of the most fa- smoking while the discourse was being vorable fields in Europe for the public delivered. This was not from any in- presentation of the truth. It is not diffi- tentional disrespect to the speaker, but cult to obtain the permission to hold simply as a matter of custom. The meetings, and the only restriction to free- audience paid the strictest attention, dom of speech is that nothing reactionary and during the time prayer was being or revolutionary is allowed, nor is any- offered at the beginning and close of the thing permitted to be said against the service, the entire congregation rose to government or its regulations. their feet and remained motionless. It is quite difficult, however, to obtain A circumstance in the previous history suitable places in which to hold meet- of these German brethren illustrates also, ings. In, fact, there are no places to be a phase of the work of Sabbath-reform secured except halls that are ordinarily in which our brethren in America have used for dancing and drinking. The had no experience. These brethren churches and school-houses are under are opposed to bearing arms. For re-,„ control of the pastors and officers of the fusing to do service in the war with National Church, so that they cannot be France, which had just closed, one obtained without their consent. Of of them was imprisoned for two years course it is readily to be understood that at Dtisseldort: While the discipline of they do not grant permission for them the German army is very strict, they to be used for the propagation of new inflict no other punishment on those doctrines. who refuse to do military service than It is no uncommon thing to find the imprisonment or enforced labor on for- halls used for public lectures, fitted up tifications or in hospitals. with a •regular bar for the sale of beer It is not alone during the time of and cigars, so that those who attend actual war that this question of military may be supplied with these articles of so service and its relation to the observ- common use. It is not considered any ance of the Sabbath is a practical issue. breach of good order to drink beer and The German government requires that to smoke while listening to the speaker. every able-bodied young man shall per- A circumstance which occurred during form three years of actual duty in the this visit will illustrate to what extent army, even though it be in time of peace. this habit is carried. The brethren had This service begins at the age of twenty an appointment for a meeting to be held years, and there seems to be no means of in the village of Hilden. As they entered avoiding the service without suffering the the hall, they saw four rows of tables penalty which follows its refusal. The extending its entire length, the chairs diplomatic arrangements between the being placed beside them. On each various governments are such that it is table was a match case. A large con- impossible to evade this service by re- gregation assembled, intelligent in ap- moving from one country to another. pearance, and well dressed. Before the From the time a young man becomes of service commenced, waiters passed about age to do military duty his whereabouts beer, and this they continued to do from, are carefully watched. Should he de- 20 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. sire to leave the country, no passport our work and are still firm friends and would be granted him, and without this, supporters of our cause. no European government would give On his return to Switzerland, Eld. him shelter. If he has already received Andrews again applied himself with re- a passport, it is withdrawn before the time newed zeal to the study of the French, his service is due, and he is left no other devoting much time to securing a thor- alternative than to surrender himself into ough knowledge of the grammar of the the hands of the government. Should language, that he might be able to crit- he by any means evade doing this, he icise correctly the paper which he forfeits his rights as a citizen, and hoped soon to publish. His visit had whatever property he may have is con- given him some opportunity to judge fiscated. The regulations of Germany from personal observation of the vastness are not in this respect more severe than of the field comprised in the Mission. those of most other governments of con- What was to be done to warn the tinental Europe. This relation of Sab- thousands and thousands of people in bath-keepers to the rigid requirements these various countries ? The adver- of military service is one of the practical tisements in the leading periodicals questions of the work in Europe. of Switzerland, Germany, and Holland, As the result of this visit, there were, brought an interesting correspondence when Bro. Andrews left, about fifty per- from many persons; and what had he to sons in cordial sympathy with our work. give them in response to their anxious They had freely returned to the Swiss inquiries concerning the new doctrines treasury the amount raised to defray which he came to bring them ? Having the expenses of this journey, and had as- a supply of English publications only, sumed the expenses of the further labor he was obliged to respond to their ur- which Bro. Erzenberger was to do among gent calls by sending them these with them. They had also undertaken the the hope that they might find some one expense of advertising the work in pa- who could read these works for them. pers in Germany, as had already been With a periodical and publications in done in Switzerland. French, the case would be much dif- As we shall have occasion to speak ferent, as this language is quite generally again of the work in this vicinity, we known in all these countries, especially will simply add that although Eld. Lin- by the better classes. Toward the ac- dermann after a time became estranged complishment of this object, as the most not only from our people but also from direct manner of answering to the im- a large share of those whom he had mediate demand, he therefore directed been instrumental in leading to the ob- his efforts, and began at once the publi- servance of the Sabbath, and his subse- cation of tracts, ,the means for which quent career was unfortunate both for work had been 'donated by the Swiss himself and for the truths which he had brethren. espoused, yet quite a share of those who The first French tracts issued in became acquainted with our people Europe were printed at Neuchatel; but through the visit of Elds. Andrews and the work proving unsatisfactory, a Basle Erzenberger, and were more fully in- printer was next employed, and from structed by them in the way of truth, this time the work of printing was done have since that date been united with at Basle. THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 21

In the month of June, a company there had been printed during the year of twelve persons who had accepted three thousand copies of each of the tracts, the truth were baptized at La Coudre " The Millennium," " The Second Ad- by Bro. Albert Vuilleumier. vent," " The Two Thrones," " The Judg- The notices concerning the new mis- ment," and " The Sanctuary; " and ten sion, which had appeared in the Holland thousand copies of " Which Day do you papers, brought in a considerable num- Keep, and Why ?" ber of letters of inquiry. To these let- The subject of systematic benevo- ters Bro. Andrews replied, although in lence received considerable attention at so doing he worked at great disadvan- this meeting, and the pledges of the tage. The letters had first to be trans- brethren for the coming year amounted lated to him froin the Holland, and then to 2300 francs, or about $460. There his replies had to be translated into that were at this time seventy-five Sab- language. At first he did not have even bath-keepers, besides a considerable so much as a tract in their own language number of Sabbath-keeping children. to send them. He afterward, however, The executive committee chosen for the received from the Review Office a sup- ensuing year consisted of Brn. J. N. An- ply of a tract on the Sabbath, the only drews, Albert Vuilleumier, and J. E. work on present truth then published in Dietschy. Brn. Andrews and Erzenber- Holland. These he sent to all those with ger received credentials, and five per- whom he had been in correspondence. sons were granted license. The second baptism, which took place But the most important work of this in the month of August of this year, was meeting was the organization of the an occasion of much interest. The or- Tract and Missionary Society. This dinance was administered at a beau- was done as nearly after the model of tiful spot near the north end of Lake the American societies as the circum- Neuchatel. Eight persons were baptized stances would allow. Previous to this at this time. time there had been apparently but little opportunity for tract and mission- ORGANIZATION OF THE TRACT SOCIETY. ary work. As there had been no tracts The second annual meeting, a meet- in the French language, the brethren ing which, in its form and the nature had been limited to what they could do of the business transacted, corresponded by personal effort for those with whom to our State Conferences, although as they associated. It was true also that yet no Conference had been organized they did not realize the importance of in Switzerland, was held at Bienne, Dec. this kind of work, and their early zeal 12, 1875. There was a good represen- had been much abated through the dis- tation of the brethren of the different couraging influence of the unfortunate churches, and the meeting was interest- course of the one from whom they had ing and profitable. The committee ap- first received the truth. These brethren pointed the year before for the general had manifested a commendable zeal and oversight of the work reported what had willingness to sacrifice of their means been done, and a treasurer's report was for the extension of the work ; but it made, showing what use had been made was not surprising that, not having had of the funds paid into the treasury. special instruction on this point, they The report of the committee showed that did not feel that sense of personal re- 22 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. sponsibility which was desirable in view Bible Sabbath when he commenced of the great work before them. As his course of lectures, sixteen adults they now had a limited supply of publi- embraced the truth. The first baptism cations in their own language, it was by Seventh-day Adventists in Germany hoped by means of this organization to was Sabbath, Jan. 8, 1876, the ordi- bring all into useful activity, and to nance being administered in a small lead to an individual co-operation for lake, which at the time was covered the extension of the important work with thick ice. Eight persons were which had been commenced. baptized, and a very favorable impres- sion was made upon those who wit- THE WORK IN GERMANY. nessed the scene. During this interval Bro. Erzenberger While thus laboring in Western Prus- had vigorously continued the work in sia, Bro. Erzenberger learned of a com- 'Germany. After a course of lectures pany of Sabbath-keepers residing in the in the village of Hilden, as the result eastern portion of the empire ; but for of which a few embraced the Sabbath, a time he had no direct communication he went to the city of Solingen. There with them. he found an interest on the part of the people to listen to the truth. His first ELD. BOURDEAU JOINS THE MISSION. meeting was attended by three hundred Dec. 3.5, 1875, Eld. D. T. Bourdeau persons, and the attendance continued and family sailed from New York to join to increase. The mast perfect order Eld. Andrews in the work among the and quiet was maintained in the meet- French in Switzerland and France. ings. Of course this interest on the part Eld. Bourdeau, although American by of the people stirred up a spirit of opposi- birth, is of French origin, and while a tion, and after the introduction of the young man pursued his studies in both Sabbath question several efforts were French and English at Grande Ligne made by persons of rank to hinder the Mission, P. Q., with a view to devoting lectures and drive Bro. Erzenberger himself to the work of the ministry as a from the place. To accomplish this, missionary for the Baptist denomination. an appeal was made to the highest Having embraced the third angel's mes- authorities of the city, but it did not sage, he labored in America for sev- avail. The law granted him the right eral years, preaching both in English to hold his meetings, and his opponents and French; but as the work was now were not permitted to accomplish their opening among the French in Europe, it object. was deemed desirable that he should Feeling the urgent need of publica- unite in labor with Eld. Andrews, that tions in German, Bro. Erzenberger while the mission might have the benefit of here translated and published at his his acquaintance with the French lan- own expense small editions of the guage. He was therefore advised to English tracts, " Scripture References," remove with his family to Europe. "What is Truth?" "Which Day do you After a stormy and dangerous passage, Keep, and Why ?" and "Who Changed during which they faced the reality of a the Sabbath ?" threatened death, they joined Eld. An- As the result of the effort in this city, drews at La Coudre, Switzerland, Jan. 7, where there was not an observer of the 1876. During this month these breth- THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 23 ren both removed with their families to tion as elder of the church. He received Lode. from the president and secretary of the They also visited, in company, all the college an honorable discharge, in which churches of Sabbath-keepers in Switzer- they expressed their appreciation of his land. While laboring for the spiritual faithful services and their wishes for his advancement of the brethren, and en- future prosperity. Since that time Bro. deavoring to carry forward the work Aufranc has rendered valuable assistance which had been commenced among in the publishing work as a translator. them, to encourage Christian temperance, While this course of lectures was liberality in the support of the cause, being given at Lode, Bro.. Andrews, at and activity in the missionary work, the request of Bro. Erzenberger, again much time and thought were bestowed visited Germany. During the interval in considering the best plans and meth- since his former visit, some of those who ods by which to bring the great truths had received them so cordially on the of our faith to the attention of the peo- first occasion had become imbittered ple. Their plans included the publica- toward them; but the greater portion tion of a French periodical at the earliest remained in sympathy and union with date possible. During this time also our work, and the number of the disaf- they were engaged in the preparation of fected ones had been made good by the a special edition of tracts on the three addition of those who had received the messages, adapted to the work in Eu- truth under Bro. Erzenberger's labors. rope, and to the translation of the val- Some of those who had become alien- uable pamphlet, " Exposition of Mat- ated have since united with us. thew Twenty-Four." With these pub- The first quarterly tract and mission- lications, and one or two works on ary meeting of the new society was held the Sabbath in French, they thought to in Lode. The report showed the dis- have a supply sufficient to meet the tribution of 26,000 pages of tracts. urgent demands of the work in entering These had gone to nearly all the coun- new fields of labor. tries of Europe. Some of them had After a second tour among the prin- been sent into the household of the cipal churches, Eld. Bourdeau began, in emperor of Russia, while others had the month of March, a course of lectures found their way to a missionary in in Lode. These lectures were well at- Africa. The interest in Lode which led tended, and among those who embraced to the giving of the course of lectures the truth as the result of this effort was was first started by the distribution of Bro. Louis Aufranc, the leading teacher reading matter, and thus the friends in the college of that city. After having were encouraged by seeing what had become convinced of his duty to observe already been accomplished. the Sabbath, Bro. Aufranc addressed the board of education in a firm but court- A PAPER ESTABLISHED AT BASLE. eous manner, informing them that he By this time Bro. Andrews had so could not continue to teach on that day. far progressed in the French as to be He also addressed a letter to his pastor, able, with the assistance of Eld. Bour- in which he stated, in a gentlemanly and deau, to commence the publication of a Christian spirit, the change in his faith French monthly journal, which was ap- and practice, and tendered his resigna- propriately to bear the same title as 24 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

that given to the first Adventist paper as presented in the early volumes of this in America, the Signs of the Times. journal, furnishes an admirable example, With this object in view, he removed and one rarely attained, of simplicity, to Basle in the month of April, con- clearness, and force. Although advo- sidering this city as the most favorable cating truths so unpopular, and not- point at which to establish the publish- withstanding the fact that it was devoted ing work. As a reference to the map almost wholly to religious topics, Les will show, it is located but a short Signes gained a strong hold upon its distance from France, and just on the readers, and attained a standard and present boundary line of. Germany, so reputation worthy of the truth of which that our publications designed for that it was the exponent. Although it had country have to be carried but three little but its own merit to recommend it, miles in order to be mailed from a as, during the early days of its publica- German post-office. Basle has for cent- tion, very little was done by way of uries had a most favorable reputation personal effort for its circulation, it as a publishing center, especially of gained a widely scattered list of subscrib- religious works ; and publications is- ers, though of course their number sued from this city are favorably re- was quite limited. Though the matter ceived in any of the countries of Eu- published was prepared for the masses, rope. This was a consideration worthy testimonials are not wanting to show to be regarded. that many minds among the cultured So, in the old city which fostered the class were deeply impressed by the present truth of the sixteenth century, great truths taught in Les Signes, and and in which Frobenius turned off from by the spirit of candor, sincerity, fair- his rude presses words which electrified ness, and earnestness with which they the thinking minds of that day, the pres- were presented. ent truth of the nineteenth century SOME DIFFICULTIES IN PUBLISHING. was planted, and Les Signes des Temps, the first advocate of the third angel's A word here in regard to some of the message in the Old World, had its birth difficulties which were to be met in this on a nineteenth-century press, the first work of translating the truth into for- number being issued in July, 1876. eign tongues. These difficulties are not Much of the subsequent labor of Eld. found to be less as we come to the task Andrews was devoted to this journal, of translating our more important doc- and he spared no pains in his endeavor trinal works into the various languages, to adapt it to the wants of the people. and it is proper that our people should Appreciating the situation of the people know the labor and pains which are re- and the great lack of knowledge of the quired in doing this work, in order that Bible on the part of the masses, he la- they may not misjudge the slow prog- bored to present the truth in the most ress that seems to be made in this clear and simple manner, and in the way direction. best calculated to bring it within the The principal publications in favor intelligent comprehension of all into of the doctrines of the Seventh-day whose hands it should come. Adventists have been issued in the His success in these efforts was cer- English language. These have been tainly remarkable, and the present truth, prepared with great care, and are. the BASLE AS SEEN 1UM mu OLD BRIDGE. 26 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. result of long study and research. It is he is translating. Then, again, if he has hardly to be supposed that these im- not sufficient familiarity with the tongue portant truths would be more faithfully from which he translates, there is great presented by any re-writing, since they danger that this lack of knowledge will are the product of the best thought and lead to serious misapprehensions of the most thorough study of men who have idea, so that important thoughts in the been longest connected with this work. original will be overlooked or modified. Certainly it is not to be supposed that Especially is this true in translating from men in each of these foreign countries the English, a language which has such who receive the truth at a much infinite variety in its shades of mean- later date, and who are largely unac- ing, 'and which, from its richness and quainted with the early history of this abundance in variety and form of ex- movement and the experience which pression, is quite likely to be misappre- has developed this system of truth dur- hended by those who have but a partial ing these years since the message orig- acquaintance with it. inated, would be likely to write out But supposing the translator has the the arguments in its favor with greater peculiar qualifications and talent nec- clearness and force, or in a more essary to make him a master in his logical manner, than that in which work, he still finds himself confronted by they are presented in our English publi- many serious and perplexing obstacles. cations. For this reason it will doubt- Sometimes whole paragraphs of argu- less be the case that the work of pre- ments, forcible and convincing in the paring the truth in foreign tongues will English, are based upon shades of dis- ever be quite largely one of translation tinction not found in the foreign tongue. from the English. The deviations from the evident mean- At first thought it might seem that ing of the original, in many of the pop- this would be a comparatively easy ular versions of the Scriptures in these task; but experience has proved it to be foreign languages, are such that fre- quite otherwise. To be a good trans- quently those texts which are relied lator requires not only an aptitude of ex- upon as furnishing important and pos- pression and a use of language which itive proof may not be adduced in evi- enables one to retain thoroughly the dence—so faulty and erroneous is their spirit of his own tongue while transfer- rendering. In some instances it is nec- ring the thought from another language, essary to show the incorrectness of the but, what is not less essential, a thorough renderings; but this is a delicate task, so knowledge of the language from which tenacious are the people for the very the translation is being made, as well as language of the Bible of their fathers to a thorough acquaintance with the truth which they have become accustomed. and an understanding of its principles. It For example, the German Bible, as is rarely that all these requisite elements translated by Luther, uniformly reads are to be found. Sometimes the trans- " Sabbath," instead of " first day of the lator, in his study of the foreign lan- week ;" and although all scholars, un- guage, in a measure forgets the idiom of derstand very well that the staunch old his own tongue, so that his translation Reformer gave an erroneous rendering becomes clearly marked with the char- of these passages, the common people acteristics of the language from which regard with an almost superstitious yen- THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 27 eration the very language he used. should be rendered to the great doc- Some of the popular French versions trines of the message as they were thus make the Revelator declare that he was reproduced in other tongues, made the in the Spirit on Sunday; and even those work one of great solicitude to him, who know how utterly unjustifiable is while at the same time he was most such a rendering according to the orig- earnestly desirous that it should go for- inal, are not slow to cite this proof of ward as fast as possible. It is worthy apostolic example in favor of traditional of remark that even these early publi- custom, while the unlearned Christian cations have stood the test of criticism really supposes it to be inspired tes- and have rendered good service in the timony in favor of first-day sacredness. work, although without doubt they have - The authorities cited in our English been improved by later revision. publications are either English or English translations of authors who wrote orig- THE WORK IN FRANCE. inally in other languages. Many of In October, 1876, Eld. Bourdeau and the English authors, and in particular his family removed to Southern France. American writers, are entirely unknown During the months previous to this, to the common European reader ; to while located at Basle, he had been en- quote their language would have no gaged in translating publications, and more weight than to cite the opinion of also in work on. Les Signer, and had any other unknown person, and would given a course of lectures in Alsace, as serve only to give the publication a de- the result of which, four persons em- cidedly foreign air. Quotations from braced the truth. He remained in the English editions of French and Ger- Southern France until the 4th of Septem- man authors, cannot be translated, but ber, 1877, laboring at different localities. must be found and quoted from the orig- Much trouble was experienced in, hold- inal, or from such other translations ing public meetings, on account of the as exist in the language in which the difficulty in procuring the right to preach work is being prepared. Other foreign in temples, as the churches are called -writers, as, for example, the Church in this country. The laws prohibited Fathers, JoSephus, and other ancient holding assemblies of more than twenty authors, whose works have been trans- persons in any private house, and there lated into French and German, must be was also difficulty in the circulation of quoted from these translations rather our publications, as none were allowed than retranslated from the English. All to be sold except those stamped at Paris these things demand such care, pre- by a Catholic archbishop. Notwith- cision, and discrimination as makes the standing this, several persons embraced work a laborious and perplexing one, the truth in various localities, the larger requiring much more time and patience number of whom were at Valence, than would be at first supposed. where seventeen were baptized. In The peculiar organization of Eld. An- March of this year Elds. Andrews and drews rendered this kind of work espe- Bourdeau visited Paris with the view cially perplexing to him. His thorough to secure some arrangement with the acquaintance with the truth, and his French government favorable to their critical study of its arguments ; his con- work. They were cordially received scientious anxiety that entire justice by Mr. Washburn, the American Minister, 28 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. who promised them his co-operation received this journal from Dr. Zim- in their efforts to secure greater liberty ple of Naples, to whom it had been in pursuing their work. They also cor- sent by Eld. Wm. M. Jones of London. responded with Mr. Jules Simon, at that Through the same source he also re- time Prime Minister of France, who ceived Adventist publications which Bro. took his stand in favor of their plea in Andrews had sent to Dr. Zimple. As the organ of the government. The no. the result of his investigation, he began litical crisis which followed resulted in to observe the Sabbath, and accepted the resignation of President Mac Mahon, also the doctrine of the advent. Dr. whose administration was succeeded by Ribton was a graduate of the University one which gave its influence in favor of of Dublin. In addition to a knowledge the desired reform. As the result of the of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, he was changes which followed, the laws have able to speak readily in the English, become very much more favorable to French, and Italian languages. the public proclamation of the message After Dr. Ribton commenced the ob- in this country, and the principal legal servance of the Sabbath, he began also obstacles to the carrying forward of the to present the subject to others, and as work have been removed. the result of his efforts, some were While the crisis which brought about already observing the Sabbath with these changes was pending, absorbing him. As he was desirous of laboring the general interests of the people, the publicly for the promulgation of these excitement was such that but little could doctrines in Italy, Eld. Andrews was be done to arouse a religious interest. advised by the General Conference Eld. Bourdeau decided therefore to re- Committee to visit him and ascertain turn to Switzerland, locating first at the situation in that country. Morges, where seven persons embraced On his way to Naples, Eld. Andrews the truth. In July, 1878, he removed to visited Eld. Bourdeau at Valence, whom Orbe, where he remained until his return he found laboring under great difficulties to America, Sept. 14 of that year. A on account of the extremely oppressive number of persons embraced the truth laws relative to preaching and the at this latter place, and in the vicinity. distribution of publications. Notwith- standing this, there were nearly twenty VISIT TO ITALY. keeping the Sabbath as the result of Immediately after the first number of his labor. the second volume of Les Signes had Eld. Andrews found Dr. Ribton in a most been issued, Eld. Andrews started on a unpromising field. Naples is a city of six tour to Italy. This visit had been in hundred thousand inhabitants, and with contemplation for several months, and perhaps the exception of Rome itself, he had been in correspondence with a no city affords a better illustration of little company in Naples who had ac- the degrading, demoralizing influence cepted the truths of the message. Some of the papal system. The laws of Italy months previous to this time Dr. H. P. are not oppressive. In fact, under the Ribton had become interested in the present government the people enjoy a question of the Sabbath, having received good degree of liberty so far as the his first light upon this subject, through civil laws are concerned; but the power reading the Sabbath . Memorial. He of the Romish system still continues, THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 29 and the authority of the priests is almost committed them. It does not seem absolute.. The people are ignorant and reasonable to expect that a great pro- superstitious, and the priests understand portion of these people will ever be well how to make use of this to control reached by the message ; and yet there them according to their will. If a man are some honest souls desirous of know- dares to act independently in matters ing the truth, and zealous in obedience of conscience or religious faith, the to it when they have learned the right priests have the power to put him under way. anathema, and to cut off his social and The superstition of the people seems business relations. By means of the astonishing; and it is surprising to see confessional they exert a tremendous how general it is, even in spite of the influence to retain this control which efforts which have been made for their ignorance and superstition and the enlightenment since the absolute control prestige of centuries has given them. of the priesthood has been in some Thus they are able to make it exceed- measure broken. During the fall of ingly difficult to reach the people. 1884, when the terrible scourge of the Should the owner of a hall rent it to cholera made such fearful ravages in this any one who would preach in it doc- city, its streets were literally thronged trines displeasing to the priests, they with people bearing images of their have the power to destroy his business. saints, to whom they were. offering the& Dr. Ribton had made great efforts to most frantic supplications for deliver- obtain a hall in which to hold meetings, ance from the plague. In these sense- but had not been able to secure one, less superstitions they were encouraged and although Eld. Andrews remained and led on by the priests. Such dem- here for Three weeks he was able during onstrations are not uncommon in cases that time to hold but one public meet- of any sudden danger or calamity. ing. But even these things do not pre- As regards the knowledge of the word sent the most serious obstacle in the of God, the common people are in the way of the progress of the truth in Italy. most profound ignorance. Although It is found in the moral condition of the great efforts have been made to circu- people. In Italy is to be seen the le- late the Bible since the permission to do gitimate fruit of the moral despotism this has been granted by the existing which the church of Rome exercises government, many families do not pos- over the consciences of those in her sess a copy or even a portion of it, and communion. Its result has been to sti- many of those who do have it in their fle all convictions of right, and to leave houses are as practically ignorant of its, the people in a great measure destitute simplest truths as though they had never of moral sentiment. The lower classes, heard of this sacred book. that constitute the great mass of the Among the higher classes,—and Italy population, are to a large degree desti- has no inconsiderable number of refined, tute of truthfulness, honesty, and chas- intelligent, and cultivated people,—in- tity. In the estimation of these people it fidelity and skepticism abound. The shal- is but a light thing to violate the com- low hypocrisy and pretense of the priests, mandments of God. Falsehood, theft, the unscrupulous means to which they and unchastity are sins so common that resort to extort contributions from even people do not seem ashamed of having the poorest of the poor to maintain in 30 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. idleness and dissipation this army of priv- the various societies which have under- ileged mendicants of whom the number taken the work of evangelization in is legion, the personal corruption and Italy. Instead of the generous desire depravity of these very priests, notwith- for the real advancement of the work standing the high profession which they of Christ, and the elevation of the people make,—all these things have had a tend- from the depths of moral degradation ency to create on the part of many of into which. centuries of this absolute the cultured class an intense disgust predominance of error have plunged toward all religion, and have fostered a them, the representatives of the gospel strong and deep-seated skepticism which have indulged in a narrow, party spirit, is disposed to regard with little favor which has caused division of interest anything that purports to come in the and placed them in an attitude of an- name of religion. tagonism to one another, as each has It is greatly to be regretted that the sought to advance the interests of his work which has been accomplished by own particular sect. The gospel has Protestants in this country, since the thus been presented, not only as divided changes favorable to religious freedom against itself, but in the manifestation have allowed them the opportunity to of a narrowness and bigotry little worthy extend their work here, has not been of the religion of Christ. It would be of a character to remove this feeling of supposed that the intolerance of Rome distrust toward religion ; but has rather witnessed here in so marked a manner increased it. Instead of doing a work would lead Protestants to cherish a of real religious reform by which men spirit of Christian liberality and union ; would be truly converted to Christ,—a but, on the contrary, a most marked work which under the conditions we party spirit prevails. have described is exceedingly difficult,— The most earnest efforts of Dr. Ribton they have generally been satisfied with failed to secure an opportunity for Eld. the appearance of success in securing Andrews to hold meetings in any of the the adherence of such persons as could several Protestant places of worship in be induced to accept the new religion. Naples. They finally succeeded in ob- To accomplish this result, and to secure taining permission to use a private hall such numbers as would make a favor- for one month, with the understand- able report of the progress of their ing that the people who came were to work, andq encourage those in foreign do so as though attending the music countries to continue their liberalities lectures which had been held in this for its support, unscrupulous means have hall. But on the occasion of the first been resorted to. Men are even meeting, four persons took their place hired -in different ways more or less in the street in front of the building, direct to make a profession of religion, and announced publicly the nature of to become members of the church, and the meeting. They also went through to attend religious service, in order the corridors, placing Protestant tracts that there may be the semblance of under the doors of each Catholic family. an encouraging progress and a grow- Such indignation was raised by this that ing work. it was impossible for them to hold an- This has naturally contributed to a other meeting. Most of the time of Eld. spirit of jealousy and competition among Andrews' stay was spent in visiting from

THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 31

house to house, and in the study of the corruptions and contaminations of Rome. word of God with Dr. Ribton. After a In the days of degeneration and apos- long and diligent search he was able, tasy which led to the terrible moral just before leaving, to secure a hall darkness of the middle ages, the people which he rented for nine months. It of these valleys retained longer than was thought that by this means Dr. the people of any other locality in - Ribton would be able to publicly present Europe the knowledge of the word of the doctrines of our faith to the people God, and a reverent regard for its sacred of Naples, some of whom had already truths. It was in these valleys, cent- become deeply interested by reading. uries ago, that noble men had pledged One of the most interesting incidents themselves by solemn oath to be of this visit was the baptism of Bro. and true to their allegiance to this sacred Sister Ribton, their daughter, and an- word. From here, even in the hdur of other sister. This baptism took. place the greatest darkness, the light had gone at Puteoli, a few miles west of Naples. forth, carried by faithful missionaries The beautiful and retired spot in the to different countries of Europe. • harbor of Puteoli in which the ordinance The impress of this reverent regard was administered was doubtless near for the word of God has not- been the very spot where the apostle Paul wholly obliterated. Without doubt the landed on his journey to Rome. The descendants of these noble defenders of circumstances under which the baptism the truth have in great measure lost the took place, and the associations of the faith and integrity of their ancestors ; spot, made the occasion one of most and yet they have retained in some solemn and joyful interest. degree their love for the word of God, , On his return from Naples, Eld. An- and their respect for its truths. There drews visited the Piedmont Valleys. is not such destitution of the Bible here It was here that the Sabbath truth as in many parts of Italy. In many in connection with the doctrine of the households it is studied with diligent second coming of Christ, first took root care, and its sacred teachings are re- in Europe. Sister Catherine Revel, who garded as an inestimable treasure. embraced the Sabbath through the Without doubt the time will come when preaching of Eld. Czechowski, had re- the truths of the message will revive mained steadfast to the faith she had anew among this people the love of the received, and faithful in the observance word of God and obedience to its great of the fourth commandment. There truths. were also some others interested in the The next annual meeting of the Swiss truths of the message, and the visit of brethren was held at Bienne, Sept. 30 Eld. Andrews was a source of great and Oct. 1, 1877. Previous to this time, encouragement to them, after having Eld. Bourdeau had returned to Southern stood for years with no association Switzerland, where he had commenced with those of the same faith. labor. Up to this time considerable It is just to say that these valleys are progress had been made in issuing in some respects an exception to the French publications. The paper had general condition of Italy as heretofore nearly four hundred subscribers, and described. Indeed, they have always nineteen tracts had been printed, seven- stood in a measure separated from the teen in editions of five thousand each, 32 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

THE VAUDOIS TAKING THEIR OATH. and two in editions of ten thousand was commenced. A portion of the each. building which had been rented, No. 68 In December of this year, Bro. Wm. Mtillerweg, was occupied as a type-room, Ings and wife and Sister Maud Sisley and with an additional stock of French arrived at Basle to assist in the pub- type and a quantity of German type, lishing work. Eld. Andrews met them the facilities were provided for doing in England; and while in London he and everything in our own office except the Bro. Ings selected the additional mate- press-work. In his work in Germany rial necessary in order that the entire Bro. Erzenberger had found an imper- work on the papers and tracts might be ative demand for publications to meet done by our own compositors. The opponents who had employed the press arrival of these friends and workers against him, and had thus hindered the gave new courage to those already work which he had commenced. As it engaged in the mission, and they ren- did not seem possible to commence the dered valuable assistance in the work publication of a journal in that lan- of publishing already commenced. guage, it was decided to be absolutely In the early part of the next year, the necessary to print an assortment of publication of German and Italian tracts tracts. To assist in this work, the Ger- THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 33 man brethren sent a donation of 250 drews, accompanied by his daughter francs. Mary, and by Eld. D. T. Bourde'au and Dr. Ribton, who was pursuing his wife, sailed from Havre for New York, work in Naples in the hall which had arriving at Battle Creek, Sept. 26, 1878. been rented, was also very anxious to For some time previous to this visit, be provided with Italian tracts. He the daughter of Eld. Andrews had been: had already translated quite a number failing in health, and it was feared that into this language, and they were now her lungs were becoming seriously af- published. In his work at Naples he fected. It was hoped that this journey, had met with very violent opposition, and a period of treatment at the Battle not only from Catholics, but also from Creek Sanitarium, might check the prog- Protestants. Notwithstanding this, some ress of disease, and restore this young had embraced the truth, and were doing girl, who gave so much promise of being what they could to extend it to others. a useful helper in this foreign work. There are some things which are fa- But although every attention which vorable to the proclamation of the Sab- medical skill and loving care could be, bath truth in Italy. The only name for stow was given, the disease, tubercu- the seventh day in Italian is "ii Sctbato," lous consumption, made steady and rapid the Sabbath. It is not difficult there- progress, until she fell asleep Nov. 27, fore to make the people understand that 1878, at the agd of seventeen years. this is the day that should be observed This sad providence fell like, a heavy as the day of rest. It is the custom blow Upon Eld. Andrews, who had with them also to begin the day when placed great hope upon his daughter the sun sets, and at that time the bells as an assistant in the French work, .as ring to indicate the commencement of she had already made good progress in the new day. this language. For several weeks he When the time had expired for which was unable to perform mental labor. the hall was rented in the city of Naples, He remained in America during the the question arose as to what was to be winter, taking part in the special session done for the future. Those who had of the General Conference which was embraced the truth were mostly very held at Battle Creek in the month of poor, so that they had not the means to April. He also preached the sermon at provide another hall. Under these cir- the dedication of the new Tabernacle, cumstances these friends joined in a and after laboring in different localities petition to the General Conference Com- set sail again for Europe, May 29, ac- mittee for help in renting another hall, companied by his niece, Miss Edith An- and also for the publication of a paper drews, and by Miss Anna Oyer. in the Italian language of the same size He was, however, at the time when as Les Signes des Temps. Twenty-two he started on his voyage, still in a con- persons signed this petition. dition of great feebleness, and on reach- In the fall of this year, Eld. Andrews ing England he was seized with chills received an invitation from the General and fever which continued for quite a Conference Committee to attend the length of time, and were followed by annual session of that body which was great prostration, so that he was not to convene at Battle Creek Oct. 4. In able to continue the journey to Basle accordance with this invitation, Eld. An- until the 11th of August. 34 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

During the interval while he was in over which these subscribers were America and England, the paper had scattered. For example, although there been published, and mailed to its regular was no agency for the paper in France, subscribers. Bro. Erzenberger, having nor any other means of obtaining sub- returned from Germany, had labored in scriptions than through this method of different localities in Switzerland; and sending the paper to such addresses as Sabbath, Aug. 16, he baptized thirteen could be obtained, there were on the persons in the lake of Geneva at Morges, list of paying subscribers to Les Signes, and later quite a large number at Tram- names from more than fifty of the sixty- elan. , two departments of that country. In Eld. Andrews still remained very fee- fact, the list of subscribers embraced ble, so much so that he was confined nearly every country of Europe, and to his bed during the session of the there was abundant evidence that the World's Evangelical Alliance, which truths which were taught in this journal was held that year at Basle, Aug. 31, made a deep impression upon the minds and continued eight days. He had of many of its readers. From the greatly desired to attend this meeting, month of April, 1880, three thousand and make it the occasion of forming the copies of Les Signes were published acquaintance of many of those who each month, instead of two thousand, should be assembled from the different which had been the regular edition countries of Europe. until this date. In addition to the cir- culation of this number, which were EXTENDED CIRCULATION OF THE PAPER. now all mailed except those reserved About this time a new plan was for binding, two thousand of the old adopted for giving the French paper a numbers were mailed each month, so wider circulation. The addresses of that the papers were now sent to five many French-speaking people in dif- thousand families each month. To the ferent parts of Europe were obtained, close of this year the expense of the to whom copies of the paper were additional thousand copies of the pa- mailed, according to the plan adopted per, with the postage on the copies by the missionary societies in America. mailed to addresses, was met by the A letter accompanied the first paper brethren in Switzerland. sent out, informing the reader that it This largely increased distribution of was sent gratuitously, and inviting him the paper aroused decided opposition to read it with attention. Another let- on the part of many of the religious ter accompanied the fourth number sent journals, which demanded that special to the same address, inviting the person articles be written in reply. Although to subscribe. In this work not only the Bro. Andrews was very feeble, he con- papers recently published were used, tinued each month to prepare articles but such numbers of the earlier vol- specially adapted to meet this opposi- umes as had not been sent to regular tion, and to give the paper increasing subscribers. As the result of this kind interest. of effort, many subcriptions were re- The annual Conference for 1880 was ceived from those who read the paper held at Tramelan, Nov. 19-21. The with interest. An interesting feature brethren were encouraged by what had of this was the extended territory been accomplished through the in- THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 35- creased circulation of the paper, and wine, while in Switzerland the average they seemed disposed to make greater consumption of wine is 55 litres for each effort for the advancement of the work. individual. As to beer, the three coun- tries average nearly the same. from 27 AGITATION OF THE TEMPERANCE to 37 litres for each individual." QUESTION. When it is considered that one-third The relation of the people of Europe of the entire population of Switzerland to the temperance question had led to is composed of children under fifteen the publication of special articles on years of age, these figures are seen to this subject in Les Signes. The position be nothing less than startling. In speak- taken by this journal on this question ing of the cost of this immense con- was as much at variance with the cus- sumption, a leading journal of Switz- toms of the people as were the religious erland says: "As to the direct expense doctrines which it advocated. The use to our people of this consumption of of intoxicating drinks is surprisingly wine, brandy, and beer, we believe we common ; indeed, those who are not are below the truth in estimating it at habituated to their use are largely in 140,000,000 to 150,000,000 francs per the minority. Nat only are those drinks year" (about $28,000,000 to $30,000,- which contain the smaller per cent of 000). alcohol, such as beer and wine, in com- The beer gardens and public resorts mon use by people in general, but even for drinking are considered perfectly the stronger liquors, such as rum, respectable, and are patronized by the whisky, and brandy, are used to a degree best class of society. Men frequent them that is startling. We cannot give a with their wives and children, and it is more just idea of how general and ex- considered in no way dishonorable to tensive the use of intoxicating drinks is indulge in the common habit of drink- than by citing some facts which appear ing. The reader will doubtless be,, in the official statistics of the govern- somewhat surprised at the sentiment ment, in its investigation Of this ques- expressed in the quotation which follows; tion. For example, we find in a mes- especially when he understands it to sage from the Federal Council of be a portion of the official message to Switzerland, addressed to the Federal which we have already referred ; but Assembly, the following facts as to the perhaps nothing could better illustrate consumption of liquor in Switzerland the public sentiment in regard to the and other countries : "According to the use of intoxicating drinks, and the feel- most recent estimates, the annual con- ing with which the public places for sumption of brandy is 9.4 litres [a litre its sale are regarded, than the repro- is about a quart] for each individual duction of this rare piece of parliament- of our population. No civilized State ary literature. shows so high a consumption with the "People can doubtless discuss and exception of Holland, which has an chat without drink, or content them- average of 9.87 litres, and Denmark, selves with tea or coffee ; but every one which has an average consumption of knows by experience that after being 18.9 litres for each inhabitant. But occupied with fatiguing labor during the it is to be remarked that in these two morning, or an entire day, when one is countries they drink, so to speak, no burdened with cares or business, per- 36 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. plexities, he could not carry a very embodies such sentiments as the above, cheerful spirit into the society which he it will be readily understood that the seeks for recreation, instruction, and public sentiment in favor of true tem- mutual encouragement, were it not that perance cannot be said to exist. Indeed, the generous wine or refreshing beer the temperance societies, with but one effaces the traces of the daily toil, and exception, and this but a partial one, opens the mind to other impressions. do not direct their efforts against the "Can the necessity of these reunions use of intoxicants, but simply against for the development of our intelligence, " their abuse." The most radical tem- our character, our public life in general, perance organization in Switzerland has be denied ? Can it be denied that in for its formal pledge the promise by the many localities, and for many individ- help of God to abstain from all intoxi- uals, the relations of social life are in- cating drinks except wine, beer, and timately linked, with the associations of cider. This is as far as most of the the saloon ? Can it be denied that the temperance societies go. This society numerous societies which are formed, has, however, a special pledge of total either for the purpose of recreation and abstinence for those who desire it; but pleasure or for the discussion and pro- this phase of their work is not made by tection of professional interests, that any means prominent. the extension of the rights of the people, This being the attitude of the people and that the development of the press on the temperance question, it will be are so many factors which increase the readily seen that for a paper like Les frequentation of these public establish- Signes, the exponent of unpopular re- ments? If we deplore the excess of ligious doctrines, to become also the drink which is frequently the result, if advocate of total abstinence, was a pol- we blame those who spend their time icy not calculated to increase its popu- or money uselessly in these places in larity. But this question was treated gossip, in saloon politics, or, in insipid with so much candor and real force of games of cards, we cannot fail to recog- argument that the journal came to exert nize, on the other hand, the stimulat- a considerable influence in favor of ing influence of these reunions upon the temperance principles, and in a remark- intellectual activity of individuals, nor able degree commanded the respect of their good fruits from the stand-point even those who did not sympathize of public interests. And while we pity with the views which it taught. Bro. those whom the passion for alcohol has Andrews was made an honorary mem- thrown into the arms of folly, of suicide, ber of the leading temperance society and of crime, we must recognize the of France, and Les Signes received hon- fact that social life is an efficacious rem- orable mention in the reports of this edy against hypochondria and misan- society as a journal which had had a thropy, against selfishness and presump- wide influence in helping to create a tion, against narrowness of ideas and public sentiment in favor of temperance. extravagance of imagination." In May, 1881, Eld. J. N. Loughborough When a body of legislators, after a visited Basle for a period of special thorough examination of the facts con- prayer and consultation with Eld. An- cerning the consumption of alcoholic drews. The particular object of the drinks, delivers an official message which special season of prayer which was held THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION'. 37- in connection with this visit was that During the time of his sojourn in Europe, the Lord would graciously restore the he visited nearly all the countries in health of Bro. Andrews. From the time which the work had already been com- of a like effort the previous year, certain menced, devoting however a greater phases of his disease had seemed to be share of the time to this mission. removed, and it was hoped that the The visit of Eld. Haskell marks a new Lord would still further hear prayer in era in the history of the Central Eu- his behalf. Bro. Andrews seemed to be ropean Mission. In addition to the greatly blessed, and was able to take changes which were effected through part in important consultations respect- his advice concerning the location of the ing the interests of the work in the two office of publication and the mission missions. family, his earnest appeals to the Swiss The Conference for this year, which brethren in behalf of the missionary was again held at Tramelan, Nov. 18, work, served to greatly increase among was reported as the most encouraging them the spirit of labor which had al- meeting that had ever been held in ready been kindled. He labored to se- Switzerland. Although very feeble, Bro. cure a more general co-operation on the Andrews was able to attend this Con- part of the brethren in the circulation of ference and preside in its deliberations, our publications and periodicals, and and was enabled to speak at length to under the stimulus of his appeals new the brethren concerning the wants of plans were devised, particularly for the the cause and their responsibility in the circulation of Les Signes, for the expense work. The general circulation of the of which the brethren cheerfully donated paper had been continued, with still the funds. From his observation of the more encouraging results, and with work in Europe, Bro. Haskell became marked interest on the part of those deeply impressed with the importance to whom it was sent. The regular edi- of the judicious circulation of our peri- tion had then been increased to three odicals as the most efficient agency for thousand five hundred ; and Bro. An- its advancement, and strongly urged drews at this time pleaded that it might increased effort in this direction, both in be still further increased to ten thousand. the circulation of Les Signes, and in the preparation of other journals of the THE VISIT OF ELD. HASKELL. same character in German and Italian. In view of the necessity of a more Bro. Haskell attended the Swiss Con- intimate acquaintance on the part of the ference, which convened at Tramelan brethren in America with. the situation Sept. 8, and continued until the 11th. and condition of the growing work in This was the last Conference attended Europe, the General Conference which by Bro. Andrews, and although he was held its session Dec. 1, 1881, passed a present at each meeting he was only resolution recommending that Eld. Has- able to speak briefly a few times. At kell visit the various missions in Europe. this Conference, pledges for monthly In accordance with this recommendation, donations for the support of the mission Eld. Haskell sailed from New York the were made to the amount of . 40(), in 13th of May the following year, and addition to -100 which was raised at after spending a short time in England, the time. The average amount of continued his journey to Switzerland. tithes paid, as reported by Bro. Haskell, 38 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. was about ten dollars per member. The been the custom of Bro. Ribton and brethren had adopted the plan, which other friends associated with him in his was proving quite successful, of adver- work to go out on Sunday afternoon tising in the secular papers that Les distributing publications on board the Signes would be sent gratuitously to such vessels in that port. On the afternoon persons as desired to receive sample of this day, Dr. Ribton, accompanied by copies. Subscriptions were being re- his daughter and three Italian brethren, ceived as the result of this effort. A went out as usual on this errand, good degree of the blessing of God They knew nothing of the riot, which seemed to rest upon the meeting from commenced soon after they left their its commencement. Much gratitude was homes, until their return &Om the ships, expressed on the part of the Swiss when they were surrounded by the mob, brethren to the brethren in America for and Bro. Ribton, Bro. Rupp, and Bro. their interest in sending Eld. Haskell to Allegretti were immediately killed. Dr. visit them. Ribton's daughter Nina miraculously The Thursday following the close of escaped the same fate. this meeting, the first general gathering of the laborers in the different missions in CHANGE IN LOCATION OF THE OFFICE. Europe convened at, Basle. The object Before his return to America, Eld. of this meeting was to give opportunity Haskell rented a new building on the for the laborers from these different corner of Weilierweg and Belchen- fields to compare their work, and to strasse, which was occupied by the counsel together as to the best means office and the mission family soon after for advancing the general interests of his departure. This building was much the cause. The meeting continued over larger and better adapted to the wants the following Sabbath. Delegates were of the work than the one which had present from Norway, England, and vari- heretofore been occupied. It contained ous parts of Switzerland, and a perma- a good-sized hall, which Was fitted up nent organization was formed, by which for public meetings. During the winter Eld. Andrews was chosen chairman, which followed, a course of lectures and Eld. A. A. John secretary. This was delivered in this hall by Bro. Erzen- was the first session of what was after- berger. It was well attended, and as ward known as the European Council the result several persons embraced the of Seventh-day Adventists, though this truth, all of whom were Germans. name was not adopted at this meeting. During the spring of the following year, During the time of Eld. Haskell's stay Dr. J. H. Kellogg, who was making a tour at Basle, a telegram was received from of some months in Europe, accompanied Alexandria, Egypt, announcing the death by his wife and sister, spent a few days of Dr. Ribton in the massacre that oc- with the mission family at Basle. This curred in that city on the afternoon of visit was a source of real encourage- June 11. More than two years previous ment to the workers here, on account to this date, Dr. Ribton had left Naples of the practical interest manifested by for Alexandria, where he had remained Dr. Kellogg in the work and in the until this time. A plot had been laid health and comfort of the workers. by Arabi Pasha for the massacre of all During his short visit he introduced the Europeans in Alexandria. It had some changes in the arrangement of THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN AUSS/01V. 39

-the new building which they had re- editorial work even to the last number cently entered, whereby its sanitary of the paper issued before his death. conditions were greatly improved, and This year also al. D. T. Bourdeau rendered superior to most of the build- and family returned to join again in ings of the city. He also made a careful the work in this mission. Sailing from examination of the case of Bro. An- New York Sept. 4, he reached Basle drews, suggesting such measures as in Sept. 19, five years after his departure for his judgment might be beneficial in America. After spending one Sabbath arresting the progress of his disease. at Basle, he made a tour among the He also manifested a deep interest in churches of Switzerland, and on two the case of Sister Over, who for some occasions attended the ordinance of bap- months had been seriously ill with what tism. Eleven persons were baptized. proved to be that fatal malady, con- On one of these occasions he had oppor- sumption. The interest of Dr. Kellogg tunity to witness the prejudice which in these cases, as well as in those of had been aroused on the part of the many others who improved the occa- people in consequence of the work of sion of his brief visit to avail themselves the Salvation Army. In some instances of his medical advice, was held in grate- its members had manifested marked ful remembrance, especially by Eld. An- disrespect, and even defiance, toward drews, who highly appreciated this visit. the civil authorities, and excitement Dr. Kellogg also visited the company and prejudice had been manifested in a of Sabbath-keepers at Naples, and man- strong degree. This is not the only ifested a deep and practical interest instance in which our work has had to in their effort to maintain the truth in encounter strong prejudice from this that city under circumstances so well cause. calculated to discourage them. THE CONFERENCE OF 1883. At the session of the General Confer- ence held in Rome, N. Y., Dec. 7, 1882, This meeting convened at Basle, Oct. it was recommended by this body, in 19. A special effort had been made to -view of the extreme feebleness of Eld. secure a more general representation Andrews, and the necessity of his re- than had been present at any previous ceiving immediate assistance, that Eld. annual meeting. In addition to a full B. L. Whitney and family be sent to attendance from different parts of Switz- join in the work of this mission. In erland, brethren were present from accordance with this recommendation Germany, Italy, and Roumania. The they sailed from New York, accompanied presence of delegates from these latter by the aged mother of Eld. Andrews, countries, which heretofore had never and her daughter-in-law, Mrs. Martha been represented at any general meet- Andrews, the 28th of June, reaching ing, was a feature of interest and en- Basle the 26th of July. They found couragement. The financial report Eld. Andrews indeed very feeble, being showed that the various contributions confined most of the time to his bed, for the support of the cause during the and yet by dictation doing a large year were more than double those of amount of editorial work on Les Signes. any preceding year. This increase From this time he continued to grow was doubtless due in large measure to more feeble, although he continued his the earnest appeals of Eld. Haskell on 40 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. the occasion of his visit the previous having a periodical in his own tongue, year, and the zeal and interest in the as a means of ,proclaiming the message work which had thus been stimulated. in that country. The representatives from Germany These appeals for the general exten- made an earnest appeal for help in the sion of the work moved this hearts of work in their field. During a consider- the brethren present, and a sense of able period but little labor had been the greatness of the work yet to be ac- done in their locality, and while these complished in these countries pervaded brethren remained steadfast' in their the meeting. While it was not in the allegiance to the truth, they were very province of this meeting to grant the desirous for public effort to extend the petitions from the various countries, they work to others. passed resolutions requesting the Gen- An appeal was also made by the eral Conference to take such action, and brethren from Italy for a periodical to pledging themselves to second, as far be published in their language. The as possible, whatever effort might be removal of Dr. Ribton and others from recommended. Naples to Alexandria had exerted a dis- couraging influence on the work there; DEATH OF ELD. ANDREWS. but after the return of Bro. A. Biglia, During the weeks previous to the efforts had been made by himself and assembling of the Conference, Eld. An- others to revive the interest in that city, drews failed so rapidly that it became and to unite the efforts of those who evident that, unless God should gra- still continued to observe the Sabbath. ciously interpose in his behalf, his life It was judged by these brethren that the could not long continue. Although so issuing of a journal in the Italian lan- very weak in body as to be almost guage would furnish one of the most wholly incapable of exertion, his mind efficient means for the propagation of was clear, and he looked forward with the truth in that country ; and in ac- great interest to this meeting of the cordance with this conviction they united brethren. For some weeks he had in making this appeal. been unusually calm and cheerful, and Bro. Thomas G. Asian, the represent- seemed willing to, live or die as God ative from Roumania, presented also a should see fit. He seemed to take a request from the friends in that country deep interest in the proceedings of the for publications in their language. Bro. meeting, and experienced a special bless- Asian had received the Sabbath truth ing and relief from suffering on the from the preaching of Eld. Czechowski, occasion of a special season of prayer and though he .had not been fully in- held at the beginning of the Sabbath. structed in the truths of the message, On Sunday morning, at his request, a he, with some others, had continued few friends met in his room for prayer, during these years to love and cherish after which he seemed much relieved, the light which they had thus received. but continued to fail steadily until five He had sufficient knowledge, of the o'clock, P. mu., when he quietly and French to read Les Signes, and had at peacefully fell asleep in Jesus. his own expense translated from the The occurrence of his death under French and published some tracts on these circumstances, when the demands the present truth. He was desirous of of the work appeared greater than ever THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 41 before, seemed like an irreparable loss should be newly organized ; and in ac- to the cause. Bro. Andrews had been cordance with this plan sixty-one per- connected with the mission from its sons paid their membership of five francs very commencement, and now that he each. B. L. Whitney was chosen presi- had fallen at his post, the brethren felt dent, and John Vuilleumier secretary. deeply the importance of consecrating The field represented by the delegates themselves anew to the work. This present was divided into districts, and was the thought expressed in the res- a Board of Directors was chosen. olution adopted by them on this occa- In order to effect a more thorough or- sion. The last act of his life, performed ganization of the Tract and Missionary within three hours of his death, was Society, and to increase the interest in this with trembling hand to assign to the branch of work, a general missionary mission the last $500 of his earthly meeting was held at Chaux-de-Fonds, possessions which had not as yet been Nov. 24-26. Seven directors were pres- otherwise disposed of. The following ent, and librarians from nearly all the lo- resolution was passed with deep feeling cal societies. In addition to the special by the Conference :— instruction given concerning the details "Whereas, Our heavenly Father has seen of the missionary organization, the breth- fit in his providence to lay his hand upon us ren were invited to subscribe for copies in the removal from our midst of our dearly of the new German paper which it was beloved brother, hid. J. N. Andrews, there- expected would be published with the fore- beginning of the new year. With the -Resolved, That while we humbly and rever- utmost cheerfulness, and without urg- ently bow in submission to the will of God, ing, those present subscribed for six we feel that we have sustained an irrepara- hundred and eighteen copies to be used ble loss, both personally and in the work, and in the missionary work. 'The regular that in view 6f this loss we will consecrate ourselves anew to the work to which he gave edition of Les Signes was at this time his life, seeking to follow his example of sac- six thousand copies, all of which were rifice and devotion to the cause of God." either sent to regular subscribers or used in the missionary work. REORGANIZATION OF THE TRACT SOCIETY. Reference has already been made to Owing to various causes, principally the sickness of Sister Anna M. Oyer. the feeble health of Bro. Andrews, which From the first it was evident that the had prevented his laboring among the disease had taken a firm hold, and was churches, the organization of the Tract making steady progress which the ef- Society, commenced in the year 1874, forts of skillful physicians could not ar- had not been fully carried out. Real- rest. Her death occurred Nov. 26, and izing more fully than ever before its she was buried in the mission lot of the importance and practical value, the beautiful cemetery of Basle. By her brethren were desirous that a thorough death the mission was deprived of the organization should be effected in har- labors of an earnest and untiring mony with the plan generally adopted by worker. our American brethren. In view of the The practical importance of the Sab- fact that complete records had not been bath-school work was also considered kept of the organization already com- at the Conference, and an effort was menced, it was decided that the society made to stimulate greater regularity in 42 HISTORICA.L SKETCHES. this branch of work in the various not mailed to regular subscribers were churches. To aid in securing this sent out as specimen copies according end, a Sabbath-school Association was to the plan adopted with Les Signes. formed, of which B. L. Whitney was This journal met with a favorable re- chosen president, and E. H. Whitney ception, and many subscribers were ob- secretary. An executive committee of tained as the result of sending these five was also chosen. specimen numbers. During the winter of 1883-4, Eld. D. L' Ultimo Messaggio—" The Last Mes- T. Bourdeau, who had located in the sage"—was the title of a sixteen-page city of Bienne, gave a course of lectures quarterly sheet in Italian. Bro. Biglia in that city, and also in Tramelan. As remained in Basle for a time after the the result of these efforts, several per- annual Conference, to assist in the prep- sons were added to the companies in aration of this new sheet, which was these places. A reorganization of these to be the messenger of the present truth churches was effected, and a Sabbath- to that country which had so long been school was organized in each locality. under the direct dominion of error. Bro. Asian had also remained after THE PUBLICATION OF NEW JOURNALS. the Conference to perform a like work The recommendation of the Swiss in behalf of the journal for Roumania. Conference having been favorably re- The preparation of this periodical re- ceived by the General Conference, with quired especial care, owing to the pe- the year 1884 the publication of three culiar accents of this language. But new journals was commenced in the when Bro. Asian returned to his home office at Basle. The Herold der Wahr- he carried with him a good supply of heit, a sixteen-page German monthly of the Adevaridu Present—"The Present the same size and form of Les Signes Truth"— for distribution among his fel- des Temps, was the largest and most low-countrymen. An edition of two important of the three. It was designed ,thousand copies of each of these quar- to fill the same place in the German terly journals was printed. European work that Les Signes was al- ready filling in the French. With a THE VISIT OF ELD. BUTLER. commendable zeal the Swiss brethren, The laborers in the various missions although most of them French, sub- in Europe, and the brethren and sisters scribed for a large number of copies of connected with them, were furnished this new paper for distribution among with a new and tangible proof of the their German friends and neighbors. deep and practical interest which our This good work was undertaken by these American brethren feel in the prosperity brethren with as much interest and zeal and progress of these missions, in the as though the new periodical had been action taken by the General Conference in their own tongue. The brethren in of 1883 in regard to them. Not only Germany also subscribed liberally for were resolutions passed in favor of the clubs of the Herold, taking about twelve extension of the publishing work, but it hundred copies for the missionary work. was also voted that Elds. Butler and From the beginning of its publication Haskell should visit Europe to assist by an edition of five thousand was printed, their experience and personal counsel and of this edition whatever copies were in the adoption of such plans as would THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 43

'most practically and efficiently place the of Sabbath-keepers in Naples, and ex- work on the broader basis which the tended his tour to Pitesti, Roumania. extent and importance of the field This was the first visit of any Seventh- .seemed to demand. No action, of this day Adventist to the believers in that body could indicate more clearly the country, and it was an occasion of great intelligent and determined purpose on interest to them. Although in both the the part of our American brethren to latter places his words had to be inter- secure the most practical advancement preted twice in speaking to the brethren, of the work in these countries than this first into French and then into Italian resolution to spare these experienced or Roumanian, the practical instruction and efficient laborers from the urgent which he gave was listened to with and increasing demands of the cause deep interest. in that field to make this visit. Their If the visit of Eld. Haskell marked a willingness to make this sacrifice was new era in the history of this mission, highly appreciated by the brethren in in the revival and extension of the mis- Europe. sionary spirit among our people, and in As circumstances prevented Eld. Has- the laying of new plans for individual kell from joining Eld. Butler in this tour, missionary effort, not less did Eld. But- the latter sailed from New York by the ler's visit mark a new era in the more S. S. State of Nebraska, reaching Glas- thorough organization of the churches gow, Feb. 27, 1884. Eld. Butler was and Conference, and in broader plans accompanied by Elds. M. C. Wilcox and for the publishing work. J. H. Durland, who came to join the English Mission, and Eld. A. C. Bourdeau, ORGANIZATION OF THE SWISS CONFERENCE. who was to engage in the French work Although the brethren of Switzerland in the Central European Mission. After had held their regular annual meetings spending a few days in England, during for the transaction of business, and al- which time arrangements were made for though these meetings have been desig- the publication of the new sixteen-page nated in this sketch as Conferences be- monthly journal, the Present Truth, he cause of their similarity to these organi- proceeded on his journey to Basle. zations among our people, it was found A general gathering of the laborers on examination that no regular Confer- of the Central European Mission was ence had been organized, nor had the soon after held in this city, which was body of believers in Switzerland been also attended by a good representation thus recognized by the General Confer- of the brethren from various parts of ence. In fact, the work of church or- Switzerland. The words of courage ganization had not been fully and thor- addressed to these brethren by Bro. oughly carried out among any of the Butler, the plans formed for the carry- companies of believers until recently, ing on of the work in this field, and the and it was therefore decided that a blessing of God which was present in thorough Conference organization should this meeting, made it a season of special be effected according to the plan adopted encouragement to all who attended. by our American churches and Confer- After visiting various localities in Switz- ences. A meeting appointed for this erland, Eld. Butler made a tour to the purpose was held at Bienne, May 24-27, Waldensian Valleys, visited the company 1884, to which all the churches sent clele- 44 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. gates. There was also a full representa- previous visit of Eld. Haskell, and ex— tion of the brethren from different parts pressing their gratitude to the American of Switzerland. This was the largest brethren for their interest thus mani- gathering of Sabbath-keepers that had fested, was unanimously adopted. been held in Central Europe up to that In addition to the work of organizing time, there being about one hundred the Conference, Eld. Butler presented and twenty-five present. Under the di- quite fully his views respecting the im- rection of Eld. Butler, a regular Confer- portance of the publishing work as one ence was organized, including the five of the great means for the advancement churches of Switzerland. The churches of the cause in this mission. During of Vohwinkel and Solingen presented, his visits in these various countries, he through Eld. James Erzenberger who had become deeply impressed with the had been recently laboring among them, comparative importance of this branch a request to unite with this Conference. of the work as a means for the presen- This request was granted. The church tation of the truth to the people of at Naples, Italy, represented by Bro. A. Europe. The vast population to be' Biglia, and the company at Pitesti, Rou- reached, the difficulties in the way of mania, represented by Bro. Thomas G. public labor, and the scarcity of labor- Asian, were also received into the Con- ers prepared to preach the doctrines of ference at their request. This cordial the message, were all urged as weighty union of the different parts of the field, ir- reasons why intelligent plans should be respective of national lines, a practical il- laid for a large extension of the pub- lustration of the nature of our message, lishing work. He expressed the con- was a pleasant feature of the occasion. viction that the time was not far distant Much practical instruction concerning when a publishing house would be es- the nature of ,church and Conference or- tablished at Basle, and, in view of this ganization and the relation of individ- probability, presented the importance of uals to the churches of which they are preparing the way for this work to go members, was given by Eld. Butler, and forward by the donation of means for an earnest desire was manifested on the this purpose. part of the Swiss brethren that the work These suggestions were received with among them should be brought fully favor by those present, and when op- into harmony with the system of organ- portunity was given to manifest their ization which the experience of years practical interest in this work, they re- in other countries had proved to be sponded freely with pledges for a new the most practical and advantageous. office of publication. In a short time Fifteen persons were baptized. over 10,000 francs, or more than $2000, The officers elected at this Conference was subscribed for this purpose, and the were as follows : President, B. L. Whitney; entire subscription during this meeting secretary, Arthur Borle; treasurer, J. E. was not less than $2,500. When it is Dietschy; executive committee, B. L. considered that none of these brethren Whitney, Albert Vuilleumier, Ademar are wealthy, and that the industry from Vuilleumier. A resolution embodying which most of them gain their liveli- the sincere appreciation of the brethren hood was in a very depressed state, this and sisters of this Conference, for the action on their part may be regarded as. visit of Eld. Butler, and also for the very liberal. THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 45 ing the building already occupied, and THE SECOND EUROPEAN COUNCIL. recommended the erection of a new Immediately following the meeting at building. Eienne, the second session of the Euro- In accordance with this recommenda- pean Council assembled at Basle, May tion, a fine lot on the corner of Weiher- 28, continuing to June 1. This impor- weg and Rudolfstrasse, the site of our tant meeting furnished perhaps as strik- present publishing house, was purchased ing an illustration as any meeting ever at a cost of 29,361 francs. held by Seventh-day Adventists, of the Plans were considered for the erection inspired declaration that the message is of a new building on this lot, and while to go to every " kindred, and tongue, the Council did not take the responsi- and people, and nation." There were bility of deciding the question of the representatives from nine different na- immediate erection of this building, it tions, and the discourses delivered were was decided to submit these plans to the translated into four languages. Al- General Conference Committee, with though there was such diverse repre- the recommendation that the building sentation of nationalities, the spirit of be immediately proceeded with. The unity and harmony which prevailed in action of the Council on this question the important deliberations and decis- alone, as will be readily seen, was to ions of this assembly showed that the have an important bearing on the future message in all these nations is one, work of this mission. truly uniting all hearts in the great The further organization of the Coun- work of preparing a people for the cil, as decided at this session, provided coming of Christ. for the election of an Executive Board The general relation of this Council to of three, which should have the general the various missions in Europe, as well supervision of the work in all the mis- .as the details of its organization, were sions, under the direction of the General more fully defined at this session than Conference Committee. In addition to .at its first assembly; and as the work this, there was to be an Executive had been considerably enlarged in all Board of three for each mission, and the missions, during the interval between these should have the special oversight these meetings, a much greater variety of the work in their respective missions. of subjects demanded consideration at The Executive Board chosen for the Cen- this time. Owing to the peculiar situa- tral European Mission consisted of Elds. tion, the affairs of the Central European B. L. Whitney, A. C. Bourdeau, and D. T. Mission occupied quite a share of the Bourdeau. It was recommended that attention of the Council. A large com- Eld. A. C. Bourdeau accompany Bro. mittee was formed to examine the ques- .Alan to Roumania to labor for a time tion as to whether it would be advis- in that country, and to effect a thorough able to continue to rent a building for organization of the believers there. the publishing work, to purchase the At the close of the Council, Eld. But- one now occupied, or to erect a new ler immediately returned to America, building for this purpose. This commit- and the brethren who had enjoyed this tee, after having carefully examined interesting and profitable occasion of the question, reported unfavorably as to counseling together, and who had shared renting for a term of years or purchas- much of the blessing of God at this 46 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. meeting, were soon scattered to their lating the manner in which buildings widely separated fields of labor. Eld. must be constructed, and describing A. C. Bourdeau, according to the recom- with great minuteness how every part mendation of the Council, accompanied of the work must be done. Bro. Asian to Roumania, Eld. D. T. In addition to this examination by the Bourdeau soon went to France, where Building Department, these plans have he engaged in a course of lectures at also to be submitted to a sanitary com- Branges, while Eld. Erzenberger returned mission, which has the right to object to to Germany to engage in labor in a new any feature of the plan that does not field not far distant from the locality of meet their approval. The plans which his former labors. were submitted by Bro. Hansen, and At this time Sister Addie S. Bowen who which had been made according to the had been for years an efficient worker instruction of the chief of the Building in the Tract and Missionary Society in Department, were condemned by this America, came to join in the work here. commission, because the plan for the The lack of experienced laborers in this press room indicated that it was to be. branch of the work, rendered her com- built three feet below the level of the ing particularly opportune, and her as- street. The ground on which this ob- sistance of much value. jection was made was that no room built below the level of the ground was THE NEW PUBLISHING HOUSE. suitable to be employed as a regular In the latter part of the month of work room. Permission to construct July a telegram was received from the the building in this manner was there- president of the General Conference to fore refused. An appeal to the City go forward immediately with the erec- Council for special permission to con- tion of the new publishing house on the struct the press room according to the lot which had been purchased for this proposed plan was also refused ; but purpose. a direct appeal to the sanitary de- Word was at once sent to Bro. L. partment at last succeeded in removing Hansen of Christiania, Norway, a practi- the objection, and the construction of cal builder of large experience, who had the building was allowed to proceed. been present at the session of the Council Ground was broken in August; but and had consulted with the brethren con- owing to various delays the work on cerning the plans for this new publish- the walls was not commenced until the ing house. He immediately came to day of September. As Bro. Hansen Basle and prepared detailed plans for could not remain to personally superin- presentation to the Building Department tend its construction, a contract was of the city. made with one of the largest builders of Before permission for the erection of the city, which specified that the build- any building can be secured, plans and ing should be under roof by the first gay drawings showing all the details of the of November. It was necessary that the construction must be submitted to a building be roofed at that time, in order commission appointed by the city gov- to be occupied by the first of July, when ernment, for their inspection and ap- the contract expired for the building proval. The regulations concerning then occupied., The Building Depart- this are very strict, the city laws regu- ment would not allow the new building .J.,r11 0111 ,1,V Rd-mu earl AO 5101,4,40 '517qVf:1 m1M17"..111151.% 48 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. to be occupied until eight months after The left-hand entrance opens directly it was roofed. The work was carried to the main hall and stairway of the forward rapidly, and although the build- office portion of the building: The first ing was not fully completed at the last- door at the left opens into the counting named date, sufficient progress had been room, or business office, just beyond made to allow it to be occupied at that which is a smaller private office. Im- time both by families and by the print- mediately in the rear of these is a large ing work. room, twenty-one feet square, used as a In March, 1885, Bro. H. W. Kellogg folding and mailing room, which occu- came to assist in the purchase and fit- pies the remainder of this floor. As- ting up of the machinery and fixtures cending the stairway to the second floor, for this establishment. His long expe- a door on the left opens into the main rience in our central office of publication composing room, a room of the same size at Battle Creek made his services in this as the folding room and directly over it, respect of great value, and his faithful This room has six large windows open- and untiring efforts contributed much ing to the west and north, which furnish to make this new publishing house an abundance of light so necessary for what it is reputed to be, one of the most a room devoted to this purpose. In front complete and best equipped establish- of the composing room is the editor's ments of the kind in Switzerland. Bro. room and library. This room is con- R. H. Coggeshall, an experienced printer nected with the main corridor by a nar- who had long been employed in the rower one which separates the compos- Review Office, accompanied Bro. Kellogg ing room from two small rooms used for to take the oversight of the printing translating and proof-reading. work in the new office. Directly across the main hall from the composing room is a large room also DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING. used for composing and job work. The The building is a substantial struct- remaining portion of this floor is occu- ure, 46 ft. in width by 76 ft. in length, pied at present with a suite of family four stories in height including the man- rooms ; but these are constructed in such sard, with basement and sub-basement. a manner that when the increase of the It is built of stone, the floors being sup- work demands it they can easily be trans- ported by a central partition also of formed into larger rooms for this purpose. stone, and by heavy iron pillars. The The next floor and the mansard are first or main floor is built of iron and devoted entirely to apartments for the brick, so that the basement is thorough- families that furnish homes for those ly fire-proof. Broad stone steps lead to engaged in the work. The attic, a the double front entrance of this main large room well lighted by a central ob- floor. The right-hand entrance opens servatory, is used as a store room for directly into the meeting-hall, which publications. Descending from the at- occupies one-half of this entire floor. tic by the hydraulic elevator, which is This hall is plainly but neatly finished, operated by the regular pressure of the is well lighted, and is capable of seating city water works, we return to the base- about four hundred. Underneath the ment, the elevator reaching its landing pulpit is a reservoir, which furnishes a in the midst of the press room. One- convenient baptistry. half of the entire basement is occupied THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 49 by this room, which is lighted by nine All the working rooms are connected large windows, opening on the south, by electric bells and acoustic tubes, thus west, and north. Here are a large furnishing convenient means for com- Wharfdale stop-cylinder press, a Peer- munication. less job press, a large power paper-cut- . The building is admirably situated, ter, and an improved wire stitching fronting to the south on Weiherweg, and machine. The bindery, which at pres- to the west on Rudolfstrasse. Across ent occupies a part of this room, is fur- Weiherweg to the south is a large gov- nished with standing press, perforator, ernment park, or parade ground. The board cutter, job backer, and all neces- publishing house is entirely disconnected sary tools. This room is connected with from any other building, and occupies the main corridor of the first floor by a only about one-third of the lot on which stairway, and has large doors opening it is situated. The entire cost of the directly into the rear yard. The re- building, including machinery, was more maining portion of the basement, that than X30,000, and it is in every way well directly underneath the meeting-hall, is adapted to the work for which it was divided into three apartments by trans- designed. verse heavy stone walls. The room IN THE FIELD. next to the street is occupied by a fully equipped stereotype foundry. The The results of the labors of Eld. D. apartment in the rear, connecting di- T. Bourdeau at Branges, France, during rectly with the press room, is used as a the summer of 1884, were encouraging. store room for paper, while the middle The community was largely Catholic ; apartment is divided into small cellars but the people of this faith gave earnest for the use of the families that oc- and respectful attention to the preach- cupy the building. ing of present truth, and showed even From the press room we descend into less prejudice than the Protestants. He the sub-basement. Here are the two had been led to go to this locality through gas motors which furnish the power for correspondence with a brother who had driving the machinery. One of these embraced the Sabbath from reading motors is of two-horse power, the other Les Signes. of double this strength ; and they are The manner in which the meetings so arranged that both can be used at the here were conducted illustrates the, cus- same time if required. All: the shafting tom of the people of this class in many for the transmission of this power, parts of France, and the means that lies under the ceiling of this room, thus have to be used in order to reach them. avoiding much dust and noise in the The inhabitants of this section are working room. In this sub-basement is mostly farmers, and the country is not also located the large furnace which very thickly settled. The soil has been heats the entire building by means of under cultivation for so many centuries hot water circulating through pipes and that it is necessary to bestow great care coils in the various rooms. The smoke upon it in order to secure even a moder- pipe from this furnace communicates ate crop. Most of the people are in heat to a large shaft located in the con- very moderate circumstances, and have -ter of the building, thus furnishing a to exercise the greatest economy and good central ventilation for each story. diligence in order to live. They work 50 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

in the fields from four o'clock in the all its officers regularly appointed_ morning to nine in the evening, and From Corsica Bro. Bourdeau pro- during the busy time of harvest are ceeded to visit Naples, Bari, and Bar- often found in their fields at an earlier letta, Italy. In the former city he held hour than we have named. meetings with the believers, and labored As these meetings were held during to encourage them in the missionary the busiest part of the season, it was work. At Bari he found several per- found impossible to commence them be- sons observing the Sabbath and holding fore nine o'clock in the evening. The regular meetings on that day, although people being scattered, some came con- the company had not been organized. siderable distances on foot in order to During this visit in Italy, Bro. A. Biglia attend. It will readily be seen that the accompanied Eld. Bourdeau, acting as interest to hear the truth must have interpreter for him. been great to lead the people to assem- Bro. A. C. Bourdeau met with decided ble at so late an hour after their long opposition in his public labors in Rou- day's work ; and yet meetings were held mania. On his arrival at Pitesti, he be- nearly every evening under these cir- gan meetings in a private house ; but cumstances, and were quite well attended. the congregation increased to such an As the result of this effort, several per- extent that it was thought advisable to sons embraced the truth, and were or- secure a hall. Here the meetings were ganized into a church before Eld. Bour- attended by a large number of persons ; deau left for another field. but so much opposition was raised From Branges Eld. Bourdeau went to through the influence of the priest, that Bastia, in the island of Corsica. In this it became necessary to abandon the- city a young evangelist of the Baptist meetings in the hall, and return to the- denomination had become interested in private house. the Sabbath from reading Les Signes, Special efforts were made to instruct and had begun to observe it. The isl- the believers there more perfectly in and of Corsica has about 150,000 in- the truth, and some others were added habitants, all of whom are Catholics ex- to their number as the fruit of the meet- cept about fifty who have embraced the ings. A church of fourteen members was Protestant faith. The island formerly organized, and several were baptized. belonged to the kingdom of Genoa, Eld. Erzenberger labored for some hence the people all speak the Italian ; time in the city of Gladbach, Prussia, but nearly all speak the French also. and also gave a course of lectures in an The influence of Bro. Comte, the young adjoining city. As the result, several evangelist mentioned above, had in a persons embraced the truth. In the measure prepared the way for the former city there were quite a number preaching of the message, as he had of those who had been among the first to agitated the question of the Sabbath receive the Sabbath under the preaching and conditional immortality among those of Eld. Lindermann. Bro. Erzenberger for whom he labored. labored faithfully and with some success Although Bro. Bourdeau remained in to bring these persons fully into harmony Corsica less than a month, twelve persons with our work; but he was not able to embraced the Sabbath, and a church of effect an organization among them. eleven members was organized, with During the months following the- THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 51 Council, Bro. Albert Vuilleumier had tive Committee of this mission, in view been laboring as a colporter in the cities of the anticipated completion of the of Locle and Chaux-de-Fonds. In the new publishing house, and the probable latter city he had excellent success in enlargement of the publishing work. his work, especially in obtaining sub- This committee had also, in behalf of scribers for Les Signes des Temps. In the brethren and sisters of this mission, this city alone he obtained more than extended an earnest request to Sister one hundred and fifty subscribers. Other White to visit Europe, that the cause colporters had also been laboring in here might share the benefit of her different parts of Switzerland, but no labors, and of the light which the Lord. public effort was made during this sea- has so graciously given his people son. An increased degree of activity through her instrumentality. In re- had been manifested in the missionary sponse to this appeal, the Genera! Con- work, and quite a decided advance had ference of 1884 passed a resolution been made in the amount of publications recommending that Bro. White visit issued, as the following figures show:— Europe in the especial interest of the From Oct. 1, 1883, to Oct. 1, 1884, publishing work, and extended an ear- the number of copies of Les Signes nest invitation to Sister White to accom- printed was 62,900; of the Herold der pany him. In harmony with this rec- Wahrheit, 46,200 ; Adeveindu Present, ommendation, Sister White, although 23,000 ; and L' ZJltiino Messaggio, 14,- very feeble, undertook the long journey 000 ; or, in the aggregate, 146,100 cop- from California, reaching Basle in a ies. The entire editions of Les Signes much better condition of health and and the Herold had been distributed, strength than when she left home. except those reserved for binding, and Their arrival was a source of great joy quite a proportion of the Messaggio and to the friends of the cause in Switzerland, Adeveindu. who had for some time anticipated their During the winter of 1884-5, Eld. D. coming. T. Bourdeau gave a course of lectures in Torre Pellice, Italy, which was largely THE SWISS CONFERENCE AND EURO- PEAN MISSIONARY COUNCIL. attended. He was assisted in his work by Bro. Ademar Vuilleumier, and several The Swiss Conference assembled persons were added to the number of the Thursday, Sept. 10, 1885, and continued friends of the cause in this valley. At until the 14th. There were nearly two the close of the effort, in which Eld. A. hundred brethren and sisters present, C. Bourdeau and Bro. Albert Vuilleumier including delegates from Germany, also joined, a church of fourteen was France, Italy, and Roumania. The min- organized. utes of the Conference show that it has one ordained minister, seven licen- ARRIVAL OF ELD. W. C. WHITE AND tiates, and ten churches, which have a MRS. E. G. WHITE. membership of 224. The tithes for the Sept. 3, 1885, Eld. W. C. White and year were 8,235.11 francs. family, and Mrs. E. G. White, with her The report of the Tract and Mission- attendant Miss Sarah McEnterfer, arrived ary Society, which included its work at Basle. The visit of Eld. White had since its reorganization, showed a dis- been specially requested by the Execu- tribution of 137,039 pages of tracts and 2 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

books, and 39,920 journals; 9,066 mis- this field. Much attention was devoted sionary visits had been made, and dona- to the question of colporter and canvass- tions for various enterprises aside from ing work, and during the session a the tithes paid to the Conference special class for the instruction of the amounted to 10,209.22 francs. colporters present was held. A meeting of the Sabbath-school As- Soon after the close of the Council, sociation was also held. This Associa- Eld. A. C. Bourdeau removed to Italy, tion includes eleven schools, with a to continue the work there. His wife, total membership of 251. however, was unexpectedly detained at The most important feature of this Basle by the rapid decline of her daugh- -Conference was the deep religious feel- ter, Sister Edith Andrews. Sister Edith ing, which increased to the very close. had been in delicate health for several The earnest and practical discourses of years, and on the return of Eld. Butler Sister White were appreciated by those had accompanied him to America in the present, and seemed to take a deep hold hope of restoration to health by a period upon the hearts of all. Fourteen per- of treatment at the Sanitarium. During sons were' baptized, and Bro. Albert her sojourn there she suffered from Vuilleumier was ordained to the work severe and repeated hemorrhage of the of the gospel ministry. lungs, and grave fears were entertained This Conference was immediately fol- that the malady would terminate speed- lowed by the third session of the Euro- ily and fatally. Under the most assid- pean Council. This session was even uous-care and skillful treatment, however, more largely attended than the previous she rallied, and at the end of nine months one, and as it continued for ten days, a returned, seemingly much improved. greater number of subjects received This improvement, however, proved to consideration. be only apparent, as not many weeks Among the practical questions which elapsed before it was evident that she were discussed at length was that of was again declining. the use of tents in the European field. Soon after the Council she was seized The laborers from England reported again with severe hemorrhages, and favorably concerning their trial of this from this time the progress of the dis- kind of work in their field during the ease was marked and rapid. Her death „season which had just closed, and occurred Dec. 24, 1885, about nine strongly recommended the employing months from the time of her return of tents as an effective and economical from America. Thus the three who way of reaching the people. The Coun- crossed the ocean together on the oc- cil, after mature deliberation, recom- casion of Bro. Andrews' return from mended their use in the other missions. America, and who shared together the It was also recommended that Eld. labors and anxieties of the work, are A. C. Bourdeau remove with his family now lying side by side in the mission to Torre Pellice, Italy, to labor espe- lot, awaiting in hope the coming of Him cially in the Waldensian Valleys. In to whose service their lives have been view of the vast extent of the German devoted. field and the scarcity of laborers in that Eld. D. T. Bourdeau, who had been tongue, the General Conference was located for some time in the city of requested to send a German laborer to Geneva, commenced here, during the THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 53- winter which followed, a course of lect- tended proclamation of the message in ures in which he was joined later by these great countries of Central Europe. his brother. At the same time Eld. Er- There is abundant reason why the zenberger, assisted by Eld. Albert Vuil- friends of the cause should rejoice at leumier, carried on a similar effort in the what God has already wrought, and city of Chaux-de-Fonds. The General should take courage fOr the future. Conference, in response to the request The Providence that overruled in the of the Council, sent Eld. L. R. Conradi, planting of the work here, and that who had been laboring successfully has guided thus far in the preparation among the Germans of America, to the of the agencies by which the great con- assistance of the German work in Eu- flict in behalf of the present truth shall rope. As a public effort had been be carried forward, will continue to lead commenced in the city of Lausanne, on until the message shall triumph whose population includes a number of in the successful accomplishment of thousand Germans, it was decided that its work, and a people who shall be Elds. Conradi and Erzenberger should prepared for the return of their Master join Bro. Bourdeau in the labor there. shall be called out from among these Courses of lectures were conducted in nations. both French and German simultaneously. Although the progress of the cause These closed with the baptism of twenty- has been slow,—at times almost imper- two persons and the organization of a ceptible,—progress has nevertheless been church. made, and a good foundation has been The recommendation of the Council laid for future advancement. If the in favor of tent work led to the pur- reader will refer to the accompanying chase of two tents, one of which was map, he will see on the broad extent of pitched in St. Germain, Italy, by Eld. the countries embraced within the lim- A. C. Bourdeau and his assistants ; the its of this mission special dots and other at Nimes, France, by Elds. Bour- crosses placed here and there. These deau, Erzenberger, and Vuilleumier. mark the location where there are little After the close of the effort at Lau- churches and companies of believers sanne, Eld. Conradi, in answer to many whose hearts are true to the great doc- and urgent appeals from those in Russia trines of the message. They have ac- who had become interested in the truths cepted the truth under great difficulties, of the message by reading our publica- oftentimes greater than those encount- tions, started on a tour through that ered in other countries, and hence they vast empire. Thus the living preacher know from experience what obedience has gone to the farthest country of Eu- to the truth costs. They are desirous rope. that the precious light they have re- REVIEW OF THE WORK. ceived shall be imparted to others.. As we look over the history of the They are anxious to witness the pros- work during the years since the estab- perity of the truth, and are willing to lishment of this mission, and review sacrifice for its advancement. Thus a what has been done in this field to the light has been kindled in these countries present time, we feel thankful for what which will not cease to burn till it shall has already been accomplished in pre- have resulted in the illumination of paring the way for the final and ex- many souls. 64 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

A score or more of laborers are work- The reader who has carefully noted ing in the different branches of the the facts brought out in this imperfect cause and in various parts of the field. sketch will readily acknowledge that Although all that measure of success there are in the conditions and customs which might be desired has not attended of the people many serious obstacles to their efforts thus far, yet they have not be encountered in the work here which been without encouraging results. Pe- are not met with in some other fields. riodicals and publications have been scat- These have naturally made the work tered here and there, and as the result slow and laborious. Although some- there are some to-day rejoicing in the thing has been accomplished, there light of the truth who could not have re- remains much more yet to be done. ceived it had it not been for those who Those who will take the pains to ex- have taken an interest to prepare it in amine the map, will notice in how few their own tongue and send it to them. localities the truth has as yet found These in turn are preparing to become lodgment, how many hundreds of cities missionaries to carry the light to those there are, with their teeming thousands, around them. where the message has not as yet been In order to the proper dissemination proclaimed, how many millions there of the present truth among the various are still who have not heard that there nationalities who do not speak the is such a thing as the third angel's mes- English tongue, the office of publication sage ! Indeed, he will find whole coun- has been established at Basle. This tries, with their immense population, office is already well equipped for its where there are not, so far as we know, work, and has a capacity for doing any representatives of the truth. There tenfold what has been done up to the are within the limits of this mission present. Already some of our standard whole nationalities in whose tongue works are being issued and scattered in there has not as yet been published a the principal languages of Central Eu- single tract or periodical on the present rope. The progress in the work of truth. How vast then is the field still publishing has been especially slow ; but before us ! the experience which has been gained And even in those fields which have will be of value in the future, while been entered how much yet remains to what has actually been accomplished be done ! The faithful brethren and will enable us at once to put before the sisters who have already enlisted in the world in these foreign languages thou- good work need to be educated, trained sands of copies of some of our most im- to become light-bearers to their friends portant doctrinal works. and neighbors, and to act their part in Such are some of the things already the extension of the message. In no accomplished in the progress of the portion of the wide harvest field is indi- work in the Central European Mission, vidual effort in the missionary work —things for which we as a people have more necessary than in this mission, reason to be thankful and take courage. which comprises such a variety of lan- On the other hand, it is well to remem- guages, and so many millions of people. ber that the work is but fairly begun. The actual extent of the field is not The foundation, it is true, has been laid, easily computed, but some comparative but the structure has yet to be built estimate may be formed from the fact upon it. that it comprises a population more than THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN MISSION. 55 five- times that of any other mission es- oftentimes are surprisingly ignorant of tablished by our people, and more than the simplest truths of the gospel. Not four times that of the United States. How only is there an urgent demand for this are these millions to be warned? The thorough general education of the va- difficulty of reaching the people by public rious classes of laborers, but there is labor is much greater here than in any also necessity for a special training of other field yet entered, while the oppor- workers for each of these different na- tunities of access to them through our tionalities. Each of these countries has publications is more nearly the same as its peculiarities other than the diversity in other fields. Both these considera- of tongue, and men must be trained to tions,—the vast numbers to be reached, understand and to meet these peculiar- and the practicability of using our publi- ities if they would be successful in cations as a means to this end,—present these various fields. How is the mes- the strongest reasons why the rank and sage to go to these "nations, kindreds, file of the believers in these countries tongues, and peoples," unless men and should be most thoroughly educated to women are thus educated ? become efficient helpers in the great This work of education in these work to be done. Is a thorough mis- various languages, and among these sionary organization necessary for the diverse nationalities, is no slight or easy prosperity of the work in America? task ; but it is one which must be ac- Then in a much more urgent sense is it complished before the work shall be the demand of the European field. placed on the true basis. Where are the men and women of experience, who, NEED OF TRAINED LABORERS. with an earnest love for souls, will de- The score of workers already in the vote themselves to the preparation field ought to have their ranks recruited necessary to become the trainers, the to more than tenfold their present educators, of those of various national- number, and then all these laborers ities who desire to become capable work- need to be trained and disciplined that ers in their respective fields ? It will re- they may labor in the most effective quire those who have had mature ex- manner, and that they may know how perience in the working of our cause, to meet with courage and fortitude the to give the right mould to the work peculiar difficulties and perplexities of among all these nationalities. Where this European field. are those who are qualifying for this An army of canvassers and colporters task, at once so delicate and so impor- is needed to put in circulation the pub- tant? Truly it may emphatically be lications which our new publishing said that the work is but fairly begun. house is capable of supplying. These But let it not be forgotten that there laborers must be thoroughly educated, is abundant encouragement to labor On. for certainly theirs is no easy task. It What has been accomplished shows is, on the contrary, one which requires what can yet be done with the blessing tact, discernment, and perseverance, in of God. Those who have already ac- addition to a thorough knowledge of cepted the unpopular truths of the the truth, and ability to present it in a message, and who stand to-day as the plain and simple manner so that it may tried and. faithful friends of the cause, be comprehended even by those who are witnesses that there are in these 56 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. nations honest souls, who, despite all who, when found, will rejoice to be the' personal loss or sacrifice, will be bearers of the good tidings to those loyal to their convictions of duty, and who still sit in darkness? France, not- to their allegiance to the work of withstanding its well-nigh universal God. skepticism, has furnished and will fur- In Germany the few friends who have nish its share of faithful, noble witness- received the light have for years anx- es for the truth of this day, as she has iously desired to see the truth pro- done in past generations. It will require claimed to their countrymen. Although patient, untiring labor to search them their hope has been long deferred, they out, but in the end they will shine as have stood steadfast in their faith, in stars in the crown of rejoicing of those the midst of discouragemen ts, and in a who faithfully devote themselves to this great measure disconnected from those work, and labor with unselfish zeal in of like faith. That they have remained the closing efforts for the Master. thus loyal under these discouraging The demand of the hour is that the circumstances, and have still continued work go forward. The work is indeed their efforts for the extension of the great, but the time is short, and there- truth, shows that they have a sincere fore the greater earnestness and activity and abiding love for it. But is there are required. There are difficulties to. not reason to believe that there are be encountered, but courage and faith thousands of their nationality who in God will meet and surmount them. would with equal willingness accept the Laborers who are thoroughly educated light, and prove equally faithful in their and trained are needed in order that the obedience to it, were it brought to best results may be secured; but God them ? Will not this country, which will bless and prosper the effort to in- acted so prominent a part in the Ref- telligently supply these requirements of ormation of the sixteenth century, prove the work. When this need shall be also a fruitful field for the last great met, and when, feeling their depend- work of reform? And if so, where are ence on the divine aid for the success- the men and women who are educating ful accomplishment of the great task themselves to assist in extending the before them, laborers shall go forth work into this broad field? Are there clothed with the power of the Holy not those of this nationality in America, Spirit, then will the message prosper as young men and women, who feel con- it has not prospered in the past. Under strained to qualify themselves to help in the promised outpouring of the Spirit, the work of carrying this last message these nations will become enlightened to the land of their fathers? with the glory of the message, and in In Italy also, amid the darkness which its final triumph some will be gathered religious despotism and superstition from them all as sheaves for the Master's have brought on this fair land, the truth garner. " And they that be teachers has found honest, loyal souls who have [margin] shall shine as the brightness stood firm and unyielding amid persee of the firmament ; and they that turn cution and difficulty. Are there not many to righteousness as the stars for- others whom it will yet search out, and ever and ever." THE SCANDINAVIAN MISSION.

EARLY SCANDINAVIAN SABBATH- them, and they had nothing to rely upon KEEPERS. but their God and their Bible ; but they IN 1850, Bro. A. Olsen moved to Amer- decided that they must obey God rather ica, from the vicinity of Christianssand, than men. The first Sabbath meeting Norway. Before leaving Norway he was attended by four adult persons,— with others had had his attention called Bro. and Sister Olsen, and Sister Olsen's to the Sabbath question by a preacher brother and his wife. After awhile, fr m Sweden, and their minds were however, the two latter gave up the mach exercised on the subject. At the Sabbath. But the number of Sabbath- same time they ceased to feel satisfied keepers soon increased, so that in about with the State Church and its dead for- two years eight families had begun its malities. Their souls were longing for observance. truth, for spiritual food. This with At this time the subject of baptism by other reasons led them to remove from immersion began to be agitated among Norway. It seemed to be impressed on this little company, and to many it was their minds that there was light await- as difficult to accept this truth as the ing them in America. On coming to Sabbath. Indeed, some who had begun this country, they settled in Oakland, to keep the Sabbath went back at this Wisconsin. Here they joined the Metho- point. But in other cases this was the dist church. This was an advance step, opening wedge which made a way for and in taking it they experienced the the present truth to enter. About the blessing of God; yet they were not sat- year 1855 or 1856, Eld. Waterman isfied ; the subject of the Sabbath con- Phelps, who was then laboring in Wis- tinued to trouble them. When the min- consin, held a series of meetings among ister at church spoke of Sunday morn- the Scandinavian Sabbath-keepers. The ing as the holy Sabbath morning, it did work moved very slowly; for none of not seem right to them. Thus the sub- the older Scandinavians, and only a -few ject worked on their minds until they of the young people, could understand decided to give it a careful examination; any English, and there was no regular and the result was that they became interpreter. Those who could under- fully convinced that the seventh day is stand a little would whisper it to others. the only Sabbath ordained of God. Of course this caused some confusion in Opposition was already strong against the meeting, but it was the only way in (5-7) 58 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. which the truth could be made intelli- guments against Seventh-day Sabbath- gible to that people, and the blessing of keeping." This established him on the God attended the effort. From this time Sabbath question. The reading of Eld. the work advanced more rapidly, a num- Waggoner's "Refutation of the Age - ber of American Sabbath-keepers joined to-Come" helped him out of the laby- in the Sabbath meetings, and the serv- rinths of the age-to-come theory, and he ices were conducted in both English and soon began to preach the doctrines he Norwegian. had embraced. When Eld. Matteson When the question of organization visited Bro. Cady, and 'after presenting -was introduced, there was a great many objections to the Sabbath doctrine, struggle, and many of the American confessed that he had become fully satis- members of this company, who had fied that the seventh day is the Sabbath, held age-to-come views, withdrew, while and declared his intention to keep it, the Norwegian brethren all embraced Bro. C., who for years had stood alone, the whole message, and united with the and had longed for friends of like faith, Seventh-day Adventists. The church in shed tears of joy that God had heard Oakland, Wis., has never been a very his prayers, and blessed his efforts to large one, but its members have been bring precious light to other minds. faithful, and have been liberal in sus- Late in the fall, Eld. M. walked forty taining the cause. Four of Bro. Olsen's miles to become acquainted with the sons have entered the ministry, and are brethren of the Mackford church, and to proclaiming the third angel's message. attend their quarterly meeting. He was We have found no history of Scandi- much strengthened by this visit, and navian Sabbath-keepers at an earlier encouraged by the love and union that period. he found among the brethren. During the next six months he labored earnestly ELDER MATTESON'S CONVERSION AND among his former friends in the vicin- EARLY LABORS. ity of Poy Sippi, and from thirty to IN 1862, John G. Matteson, a young forty began to keep the Sabbath. Baptist minister who had come from During the next four years, Eld. Mat- Denmark only a few years before, re- teson traveled most of the time, preach- ceived light on the immortality and ing principally to the Scandinavians, kingdom questions through papers and and a goodly number of churches were books published by the First-day Ad- raised up in Wisconsin and Minnesota. ventists; and in the fall of the follow- Later he labored also in Iowa and Illi- ing year he embraced the Sabbath. He nois. In those days these western Con- was at this time living at Poy Sippi, ferences were not very strong, and many Wis., and it was here that his attention of the American brethren had but little was called to the subject of the Sabbath confidence in foreigners ; and for the four through the efforts of Bro. P. H. Cady years' labor, Eld. Matteson received but of that place. Bro. C. had carefully twenty dollars from the Conferences. preserved his old Reviews, and had The donations from the friends for whom lent them to a Danish brother, who, in he labored were scarcely sufficient to turn, lent them to Eld. Matteson. These meet his necessary expenses, and some- papers contained the reply of J. M. times he was forced to borrow money Aldrich to the "Fifty Unanswerable Ar- in order to reach his field of labor ; but SCANDINAVIAN MISSION. 59

-.the Lord sustained him, and blessed his when his parents left Norway. They labors. His wife worked hard, and they had but limited means, and in removing lived very economically; and she never to a new country, they experienced the called him home from his field of labor usual hardships and struggles of early on any consideration, although he was settlers. Ole was the eldest of the chil- sometimes absent from home from six dren, and his help was much depended to fifteen months at a time. on at home. While this gave him a practical experience, and developed traits OTHER MINISTERS. of energy and perseverance, it afforded The first active preacher who joined but little time for a school education. Eld. Matteson in the Scandinavian field, In his first efforts to present the truth was Eld. J. F. Hanson, a Baptist preacher he met many discouragements, and was of Freeborn County, Minnesota. Eld. for the time being led to give up the ,Matteson went to his home, and after a thought of becoming a laborer. But short conversation about spiritual things, he could not free himself from the con- asked him to take his Bible, that both viction that it was his duty to devote might turn from text to text, and ascer- his life to this work. Through per- tain, if possible, which had the most severing effort, and the help of God, Bible evidence to sustain his belief. The he conquered difficulties and embar- questions especially considered were the rassments, and the Lord has blessed his Sabbath, and the immortality of the labors among both the Scandinavians soul. This investigation was continued and the Americans. until Eld. Hanson acknowledged the At a later date, Elds. Lewis Johnson, truth, and both he and his family em- 0. A. Johnson, and others united in braced it. the work, and they have since taken an Another man in the same vicinity, active part in preaching the third an- Bro. H. Rasmussen, was gained in the gel's message among the Scandinavians same way. The Bible reading with him in America. was continued till midnight, and he at once became a Sabbath-keeper, although he had been so much prejudiced by EARLY PUBLISHING. evil reports that at first he would not BY the year 1872 there were several ask Eld. Matteson to come in, and the hundred Scandinavian Sabbath-keepers, conversation was commenced across the and as but few of these could read the fence, Eld. M. standing in the road. English readily, it was urged that a Ell Hanson had preached some among Danish-Norwegian paper should be pub- the Baptists, and he soon became a zeal- lished for them. Accordingly the Ad- ous advocate of the truth. Through vent Tidende was begun at the office of his earnest labors, many Scandinavian the Review and Herald, as a 24-page Sabbath-keepers have been raised up in monthly, edited by Eld. Matteson. The Minnesota and other States. following year it was enlarged to a At quite an early date, Bro. 0. A. 32-page monthly. This was the first Olsen gave himself to the work of preach- periodical issued by Seventh-day Advent- ing the present truth. His opportunities ists in any other than the English lan- for obtaining an education had been guage. It had been, previously proved very limited. He was but a small boy by Eld. M. that the Danish-speaking 60 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

people would read a paper advocating not be used. But he was furnished a. the present truth. While living at Poy book giving some directions about the Sippi he issued a monthly paper written work. He studied this earnestly, and by hand, and containing about twenty- every day prayed that the Lord would four pages of foolscap. There was only help him learn to set type ; and before one copy of this paper, but it was put long he had the pleasure of sending out into a cover bearing the names of the to his countrymen a tract on the Sabbath subscribers, and stating how long each question. could keep it before sending it to the The publication of the Tidende marked next person named on the list. Each a new era in the Scandinavian work. paid a certain sum for the privilege of The publications greatly aided the min- reading it. This paper was received isters in teaching the truth, so that in with so much favor that it was con- 1877 there were about eight hundred tinued about one year. There had been Scandinavian Sabbath-keepers in Amer- a few tracts printed in the Norwegian, ica. But this was not all. Quite a through the efforts of Eld. Matteson, be- number of tracts and papers had been fore the publication of the Tidende; and sent to the Old World, and there were as the circumstances give us a good les- four or five persons keeping the Sabbath son in perseverance, we mention them. in Denmark, and others were studying Feeling deeply the need of tracts on their duty on this point. These united the present truth, Eld. M. wrote one on with their friends in America in urging the Sabbath question, and went to that some one be sent to teach the truth Battle Creek to get it published. At in Scandinavia. As Eld. Matteson was first he met with but little encourage- the oldest and most experienced laborer ment., It was at the time of Eld. White's among the Scandinavians, it was natu- long sickness, and those conducting the ral that he should be selected to open business of the Publishing Association the mission in Northern Europe. In had not had much experience in the work, answer to the requests and advice of nor did they appreciate the wants of the his brethren on this point, he wrote, cause in all its branches. The Associa- March 23, 1877, to the President of the tion had issued one or two books in General Conference, as follows :— German, and one in Holland, which were "Dear and much esteemed Brother : I not being used, hut were a burden on think the time has come when I must their hands, and they did not wish to be get ready to go to Denmark to labor' in bothered with any more foreign work. the interest of the last message.... Eld. But Eld. Matteson could not give up the Haskell has advised me to go, and thinks thought of having the tract printed. He that the time has come when this move prayed much over the matter, and finally should be made. The leading brethren asked permission to go into the type among our countrymen are very anxious room and try to set the tract himself. to have me go this spring. There are The managers consented ; but when he two hundred and sixty Advent Tidendes asked the foreman for help and instruc- that go to Denmark monthly, and about tion, he was told that it would only be sixty to Norway. We frequently receive a waste of time, because as he knew favorable letters from Denmark, and nothing of type-setting, he would make some are keeping the Sabbath there... . so many mistakes that the work could Our Danish-Norwegian people have al-. SCANDINAVIAN MISSION. 61

-ready donated and sent to the office at ALSTRUP. Battle Creek, about 8200 for this mis- At the invitation of a friend who had sion, although we have made no call for read our papers, we soon went to Al- money. I think the best time to go strap, a small country place in the north- would be about May." Being assured ern part of Jylland. Here we remained of the sympathy and support of both the during most of the fall and winter. We American and the Scandinavian breth- made our home with the people, stay- ren, Eld. Matteson arranged to sail, with ing awhile with one family, and then ,his wife, in May. He found homes for with another. After a time we made his children among faithful brethren in Oakland and Neenah, Wis., not knowing arrangements with a gentleman to build a house which we could rent of him for how long he might be absent. His a meeting-hall, with a small room in the eldest daughter he never saw again. Of his first labors in Denmark, and second story for us to live in. Although perfect strangers when we came to the the subsequent growth of the mission place, we had by this time gained a work in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, number of friends ; and though they we give the following, prepared by him were not Sabbath-keepers,. they hired for this sketch. this house, when finished, to hold meet- ings in for-five years. A MISSION OPENED IN DENMARK. A remarkable interest was manifested VEJLE. by the people in this vicinity. In the ON the 6th of June, 1877, we arrived busiest summer season they left their in this place, a city in the southern part work and came to meeting at five o'clock of Jylland. There being a few inter- in the afternoon, three or four times a ested ones here, we hired a small room, week; and sometimes we had two meet- 8x10, and visited the friends who lived ings a day. For awhile we met in in the vicinity. About fourteen miles private houses. The largest ones in from Vejle, I found three families keep- town were open to us, and the people ing the Sabbath, while others attended would fill all the rooms, and gather the Sabbath meetings. I held several about the doors. When these placeS meetings here, and on Sunday about became too small, we occupied the thirty came together, who gave good at- barns. On Sunday from a hundred and tention to the word spoken. fifty to two hundred people would con- One Sunday I spoke in the Methodist gregate, while the attendance at the chapel at Veile, on the second coming church was sometimes only from six to of Christ. There was a large congre- twelve persons.. gation, and the people were much in- We held meetings also in many of the terested ; but this door was soon closed, neighboring towns and villages, and the and the leader was reproved by his people would crowd together to hear superiors. I met so much opposition the preaching. In some places I would here, and had so little means, that I did stand on a box walled in by the crowd, not venture to hire a hall. During our leaning with one hand on the shoulder stay at this place I published a small of the man who stood nearest, while I hymn book, which afterward proved held the Bible in the other. Often my very useful. head reached nearly to the ceiling. The 62 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. windows could seldom be opened, and which I questioned him were too deep, the crowd would extend through the for him, that he had never thought over entrance hall and outside door, allowing them, and could not fathom them. At but little circulation of air. the close of the meeting I spoke of Christ_ Only a few in the vicinity of Alstrup and his tender mercies, and he listened embraced the truth, though the people with interest, while tears came into his are still anxious to hear when I come eyes. into the place. FANG. TYLSTRUP. During the fall' of 1877 I went to Fano, a small island off the west coast In the latter part of the winter I began of Denmark, and afterward visited the a series of meetings in the country, Six cities on the west coast. At Norby, miles from Alstrup, on the opposite side the only village on the island, I hired a of a large marsh. As the distance was hall, and a goodly number attended the much greater by the: road around it, I meetings. The authorities tried in every often walked across the marsh. At first way to hinder my labors, but without it was frozen over, but afterward the success. When forbidden to take up ice broke in many places, so that I had collections, I requested one of the citi- to wade through the water, often be- zens to do so in my place, and all my coming very wet and much exhausted expenses were met, except my time. before reaching the shore. I labored When ordered not to sell tracts, I gave earnestly in this place. The people them away, and told the people they were degraded, and many of them given were at liberty to contribute in return to drunkenness, yet there were some as they thought best. No church was who -aceepted the truth. In the spring, raised up here, yet some are rejoicing in several 'Were baptized. This caused the truth to-day who then first heard it. Much opposition. My life was threat- ened, and in various ways we were hin- RINGSTED. dered in our work. I had to apply to the In the summer of 1878 we visited police for protection, which was promptly Sjfilland, where a few in the vicinity of given. Ringsted had become interested through In this place, as well as in the vicinity reading. Our meetings here were not of Alstrup, the priests sometimes came largely attended, yet some took their to our meetings in the barns, to oppose stand on the truth, and a small church our work. At these times the attend- of Sabbath-keepers was organized. This ance was much larger, and the discus- church now numbers over thirty mem- sions with the priests always helped the bers, but they are quite scattered. truth. On one occasion a priest came with three school-teachers. We agreed that he should question me about our NORWAY. faith as much as he wished, and that In September I went to Norway, hav- I should answer. Then I was to have ing been urged to come to Christiania the same privilege of questioning him. by a man of some influence who had After awhile he had nothing more to become interested by reading our books. ask, and my turn came. He soon ac- Here I rented rooms for a year for knowledged that some of the points on meeting and housekeeping, intending SCANDINAVIAN MISSION. • 63. to make this place our home for that the best field for our work in Den- time. Then I visited Trondhjem, Ber- mark. gen, Stavanger, and some other places, OUR WORK IN CHRISTIAXIA. holding a few meetings in each place. I found the people in Norway far more I now felt free to locate in Norway ; religiously inclined than those in Den- and in October, 1878, we moved to mark ; they are much less tainted by Christiania. We had a suite of four

VIEW OF CHRISTIANIA, LOOKING TOWARD THE KING'S PALACE. German and French infidelity, and are rooms which we could use for meetings. not so much given to pleasure-seeking. The largest room and one adjoining it I found also that in this country no re- were seated, and when the large folding strictions are placed upon preaching, doors between the rooms were opened,. printing, or the sale of books and tracts. and I stood in the middle one, the preach- What I learned on this trip convinced ing could be distinctly heard in all. On me that Norway was the best field of the second Sunday the meetings began.. labor, and I was satisfied that Christiania I had advertised in three papers, and should be made the center of our future put up handbills announcing the subject work. to be presented,—the second coming of About this time the two Brn. Brorsen Christ. The people began to come an. arrived in Denmark to assist in the work. hour before the time, and continued to. Through their labors the mission in come until they filled all the rooms and northern .Jylland was extended farther the stairs, while many who could not east, and here we have ever since found find entrance had to go away. They HISTORICAL SKETCHES:

crowded together, leaving barely room of Easter, I gave the people an op- for me to stand, and listened with portunity to donate especially for the marked attention, without seeming to preacher, this being an ancient custom become weary from standing. Thus here ; and on such occasions they would they continued to fill the rooms, evening give silver and bills. These donations after evening. have sometimes amounted to from X25 The interest being so great and steady, to )'35 at one meeting. I still follow I anticipated a long battle, and went this plan, and do the same also at the slowly, explaining the prophecies and close of a series of meetings, whenever mingling in practical discourses ; taking I have preached in a place a week or care to have a new and distinct subject more, taking care to state, a day or two every time, yet to connect one subject beforehand, that there will be an oppor- with another, also to point out the next, tunity, at our last meeting, to help de- and thus keep up the interest. We fray the expenses of the minister. In continued to occupy our rented rooms order to get any help in the old coun- during the week, but found it necessary tries in sustaining our work, it is nec- to hire halls for our meetings on Sunday. essary to gather up all the little rivulets. January 1, 1879, I hired a gymnasium OPPOSITION. to use every Sunday evening for three months. Here was room for six hun- For several months I said nothing di- dred people, but they crowded in and rectly about the immortality question, filled up every available space, so that because the people were greatly preju- there were often more than one thou- diced against this doctrine, while they sand present. did not object so much to the Sabbath, Our expenses for halls and house rent, at least not in theory. Several persons advertisements, seats, etc., were all met had begun to keep the Sabbath, but no by donations. Now and then I spoke to one had as yet opposed us. Then a the people in regard to the matter, en- small leaflet was scattered all over the couraging them to help us. Two con- city, containing an appeal to the shep- tribution boxes were placed at the herds of Christiania, inquiring if they entrance, and at the larger meetings we were blind watchmen or dumb dogs had two, and sometimes five men with that could not bark, since they said plates stationed in different parts of the nothing against this new doctrine. Two room, where all could see them, ready opposition sermons were now preached to gather up the donations at the close by a venerable old priest. He told the of the service ; and I called attention to people that they need not be alarmed ; them before dismissing the congregation. for that kind of doctrine would never be Before each meeting, our tracts and believed by the multitude, as it involved papers were offered for sale, one brother too great a cross. He also stated that being stationed at the door for this the Sunday-Sabbath was introduced by purpose, while others went around with the church, and was a matter of expedi- them among the people ; and again ency, and that no stress should be laid after meeting, we all sold what we could. on Sunday-keeping. On the holidays, such as first and Other persons now began to make a second day of Christmas, Holy Thursday, great ado to arouse the prejudice of the Good Friday, and first and second day people. They said that our views in SCANDINAVIAN MISSION. 65 regard to the prophecies and the Sabbath house with them. Thus our publica- were not so dangerous, but that we tions and our work became quite well denied the doctrine of eternal torment, known. Some young men gave them- teaching the final destruction of the selves especially to this work, among wicked, and this was an awful heresy. whom was Bro. Rosqvist, who after- Thus it became necessary to introduce ward preached the message. the immortality question and discuss In the spring of 1879, Bro. J. P. it thoroughly. Jasperson and his wife came from At this time Mr. Isaacsen, a Methodist America to help in the work, and they minister, gave a series of lectures against brought our children with them. Dur- our views. He had a large hall, and ing the summer, Bro. Jasperson labored drew crowds of people ; but I did not some in Christiania, and during the fall go to hear him, fearing that a debating and winter in Skien, where he was as- spirit would be aroused in me, which sisted by Bro. Rosqvist. The following would hurt the work. He also wrote a summer he went to Denmark, and la- series of articles against us in a daily bored principally in Sjalland, encourag- paper, to which I afterward replied in ing the brethren, and bringing a few the same paper. Mr. Isaacsen became new ones to accept the truth. In 1881 very personal and abusive in his attacks, he returned to America. and he was therefore invited, in the A CHURCH ORGANIZED. presence of witnesses, to enter into a public discussion. For some time he Some fifty persons in Christiania had would give no answer, but at last a de- begun the observance of the Sabbath, cided refusal came in one of the daily and the Sabbath meetings were often papers. attended by more than a hundred per- Our work in Christiania was spoken sons. June 7, 1879, a Seventh - day of in all the public papers, and rumored Adventist church was organized, with all over the country. The general im- thirty-eight members. I was elected pression was that We taught some truth elder, but before acting in this capacity and much error, but were so skillful in I had to appear before the authorities, the use of the Bible that it was useless and under oath present a declaration of to try to oppose us. Consequently no our faith. The church was 'then ac- one in Norway has ever offered to dis- knowledged as a Christian church, and I cuss with me. was permitted to officiate as elder, that is, to baptize, and administer the Lord's OTHER LABORERS. supper. Those who administer these During the winter, Bro. Andrew Bror- ordinances without such acknowledg-, sen assisted in the work at Chris- went from the authorities are liable to tiania, but in the spring he returned to be fined. America, while his brother Knud con- These were very stirring times. We tinued to labor in Denmark. The breth- were attacked by the priests, and this ' ren and sisters in Christiania took a caused us to rejoice ; for the truth al- lively interest in distributing tracts and ways shines more clearly when it meets papers. Sometimes they sold them on with opposition. About eighteen hun- the streets and in public places, and dred persons attended our meeting in a sometimes they went from house to large hall in Klingenberg. 66 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

A PERMANENT PLACE FOR MEETINGS. means have always been provided in season. Some one brought $15 or $30, All other methods of opposition hav- or a friend lent us $50 or $100 ; and ing failed to stop our work, a general thus the interest and payment have al- effort was now made to crowd us out of ways been met in time. Of late, when every hall large enough to hold our the payments have become larger, our congregations. The power of the in- brethren in America have helped us to fluence of the clergy, in a matter of this meet them. kind, can hardly be appreciated by our By the first of June, a part of this brethren in the New World. But so house was arranged for-a meeting-hall, difficult did it become to obtain a suit- and dedicated. This hall, with adjoining able place for our meetings, that we rooms, could seat some over four hun- at last thought of buying some property dred persons. There were now eighty that we might control a meeting-hall. members in the church, and from four We found in a favorable location, an to five hundred hearers would congre- old building of considerable size, which gate on Sunday. was offered on very easy terms. Part of this could be fitted up for a meeting- PUBLISHING AND PRINTING. hall, part for the printing work, and Seventh-day Adventists have always there would then be much room that felt the importance of using the press. could be rented for workshops and for They have but few ministers, and there- family living-rooms. A large lot ac- fore try in every possible way to use the companied the building, which it was silent preachers,—papers and books. In thought could be sold for building pur- Christiania we felt the need of a paper, poses. and in January, 1879, we had begun to In February, 1879, a Building Asso- publish Ticlernes Tegn. Fifteen hun- ciation was formed, and this property dred copies were printed every week, was purchased for $14,580. The pay- and sold for one and a half cents per ments were to be made in semi-annual copy. Those remaining unsold were installments, extending, if we desired, distributed next week in the city. From over a period of thirty years. This the first of April, Tidernes Tegn became looked like a great undertaking ; but we a regular subscription paper, an 8-page had. confidence in the cause, and faith semi-monthly, at fifty-four cents a year. that the Lord would help. In June I bought a hand-press, and in Up to the time when the new build= July we began to print our own paper, ings were erected, the rent obtained for as well as many tracts and pamphlets. the lot and for rooms in the house more My own children did most of the work, than paid the interest and running ex- so the expense was small. None of us penses. To meet the payments on the had received any practical instruction principal, each member contributed four- in printing, and we had many obstacles teen cents a week; afterward shares to meet. We could not at first do very were issued by the Building Associa- good work ; yet the papers could be. tion, at $5.40 each. The prospect of read. meeting the yearly payments sometimes Our first effort to print the paper on looked dark until a few days before the the hand-press was almost a failure. time when they must be made, yet I had obtained some printers' ink in a. SCANDINAVIAN MISSION. 67 little box ; but it did not prove to be of preach and do missionary work in my the right kind, being intended for a cyl- absence, and the printing office was left inder press instead of a hand-press. We in the care of my daughter Tina. did not dampen the paper, as we should It was a great privilege, after an ab- have done ; and as it had quite a smooth sence of more than three years, to meet surface, the print was very black, and old friends again, and to attend the would not dry ; every touch smeared General Conference. I felt deeply the- the paper. Our last resort was to do as necessity of enlarging the publishing we had heard that printers did in Nor- work in Norway, and hoped to receive- way,—hang up the papers on a line to aid in this direction ; but the brethren dry. Thus in the course of a week we did not feel disposed to invest much in succeeded in drying a sufficient number the work while it was a private enter- to supply our subscribers. prise, nor did they think the time had As we gained more experience, we come when the General Conference did better work. Diligence and patience could assume the responsibility of the enabled us to overcome difficulties, and publishing work in Norway, and sustain the Lord blessed our efforts. At this stage it with mission funds. As I felt that the of our work, the help obtained from work must go forward, I proposed to America was limited, and we saw close purchase a cylinder press with my own times. We lived very economically, and means, and upon my own responsibility the printing work paid its own way, by to begin issuing a Danish-Norwegian the help of a few donations from friends. health paper. The Conference Com- About this time a Tract Society was mittee consented to this plan, and loaned organized, which was quite active. Dur- me some means for the purchase of type ing the first six weeks of its existence, and other materials for the printing of- the members sold 67,000 pages of tracts, fice. Dr. J. H. Kellogg was much inter- and 600 papers. A report made in Feb- ested in the proposed health paper, and ruary, 1880, shows that during the past helped me with a liberal donation. year $1,208 had been received from The following winter I spent among the sale of tracts and books, and from our Scandinavian brethren in Amer- subscriptions and donations. Besides ica, from whom I obtained some sub- this we had books and papers in the scriptions for the new health paper, and office worth $335, and we had printed some donations to the publishing work. in all 576,000 pages of tracts. All the On the prairies of Iowa I was exposed gain was invested in type, paper, etc., to the piercing winds without being and used to extend the work. sufficiently protected with clothing. This exposure brought on a severe attack of A VISIT TO AMERICA. bronchitis, and I sought help at the In the summer of 1880 I visited Den- Battle Creek Sanitarium, where I was mark, and a small Conference was or- cured and very kindly entertained free ganized. Under the faithful labors of of chargé. Greatly encouraged, I re- Eld. Brorsen, a number of believers had turned to Europe in April, 1881. been gained in several places in the country. In September I went to Amer- THE PUBLISHING WORK EXTENDED. ica to obtain help to enlarge the work. After my return to Norway, I bought Bro. Rosqvist came to Christiania to a small cylinder press for $600. This 88 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. enabled us to do a great deal more and people in America, and also by the better work. From the first of July a brethren in Norway, and a few in several quarterly called Biblical Sermons was places were anxious to hear the Script- published, containing sermons preached ures explained more fully by a preacher. in our hall and taken down in short-hand. In accordance with this desire, Bro. Ros- At the same time the health journal, qvist, who had gained a good experi- Sundliedsbladet, was started, and soon ence as a laborer in Norway, began obtained several thousand subscribers. in April, 1880, to preach the pres- In 1883 the Swedish health journal was ent truth in Sweden. After. labor- started, and in 1884 a Swedish religious ing about a month in Amot, he went to journal, Sanningens Harold. The latter Grythyttehed, where some were con- is now united, with the American paper vinced of the truth. Here he labored of the same name in such a way that about four months. Forty-seven com- the subscribers receive a paper from menced to keep the Sabbath, and in Norway at the beginning of the month, August a church was organized. During and a paper from America in the middle the ,entire time he spent in this place, a of.. the month. Besides these papers, lively interest was manifested in the many tracts and pamphlets and some meetings. He held, on an.average, ten bboks were published. meetings a week, although the evening. :July 23,1882, a Publishing Association meetings on the working days had to be was., organized, and shares were issued held between the hours of nine and at 82.70 each. I afterward sold the eleven. press and the health journal to the As- While laboring here, the priest of the sociation, so that they own everything State (Lutheran) Church requested Bro. belonging to the publishing and printing R. to call on him. This he did, and found work. For a, few years the . printing the priest in good humor, complacently work was self-sustaining, the facilities smoking his pipe. The priest then ex- not being much enlarged. The books plained that he desired information show that in January, 1883, the receipts about some strange doctrines which it for the previous year amounted to 81,- was reported that Bro. R. was preaching 435, and the property of the Association, in that place. He proceeded to question after all debts were paid, was $1,281. him as to his teachings on the subject In the year 1883 the receipts were of the Trinity, man's condition in death, $2,970, and the property owned by the the Sabbath, baptism, and other doc- Association was $1,620. In 1884 the trines, and then requested Bro. R. not to receipts were $3,105, and the property labor against him. To this Bro. R. replied $2,563. In the last-named year, 115,- that if he was laboring for the salvation 000 papers were printed in all, besides of souls, there would certainly be no many thousand signatures of tracts and conflict between them. books. About this time Bro. Rosqvist was called to Christiania, to labor for that THE WORK IN SWEDEN. church while I went to the General Con- As in many other places, the truth ference. The following April he re- -was first introduced to the people of turned to Sweden, and resumed his la- Sweden by papers and tracts. Many of bors in Grythyttehed. And now the priest these had been sent to Sweden by our seemed fully aroused, and did all he SC ANWHAVIAN MISSION. could to oppose the work. He called Hellefors mining districts, to be held the en- a church council, and ordered Bro. R. suing October, to answer for the accusation to come before them and answer for of liability to law for having, contrary to the. decree of the church council in Grythyttehed the doctrines he was teaching. The Parish, continued to preach such views as examination was brief, and was upon. are not in conformity. with the belief and the same points as the priest had ques- creed of our evangelical Lutheran church." tioned in the previous interview. They Paying no regard to this summons,.

PARTIAL VIEW OF OREBRO; SHOWING THE PRISON IN BACKGROUND. asked Bro. R. if he still held to these he continued to labor in Grythyttehed, views, and when assured that he did, Lund, and other places. In October he they formally forbade his preaching any was fined fifty kronor ($13.50), and was more in Grythyttehed. summoned to appear at the spring session. But as the interest to hear was good, He refused to pay the fine, saying that and many came to the meetings, he if he had sinned against God, it could continued to labor as before. On the not be atoned for with money, and if he 22nd of May he was summoned to ap- had not sinned against God, he had not pear before the court, to answer for this sinned against man by preaching the offense. The warrant read as follows: word of God. In January he was ar- "WARRANT FOR CRIMINALITY. -The Ad- rested, and sent to prison at Orebro. ventist minister, J. P. Rosqvist, from Chris- The old statute which still stands tiana, is hereby summoned to appear before among the laws of Sweden, providing the fall session of court for Grythyttehed and for the punishment of any who shall. 70 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. preach doctrines which will lead to di- goodness to me, and returning to Gryt- vision in the State Church, is very hyttehed, at once resumed my labors." unpopular, and is seldom enforced. Dis- A lively interest was manifested to senters, or Separatists, as they are called, hear the man who had been imprisoned are not few in Sweden ; but it is seldom, for preaching Bible truth; and in the in these days, that a priest is willing to places where he had labored, some be- bring contempt upon himself by an gan to keep the Sabbath. In March he effort to enforce the old law. Some was again called to Grythyttehed to have thought that it was best to resist answer the charge of preaching views this law, and suffer the full penalities, that would lead to division in the State that its injustice might be made the Church. But the warrant was incorrect, more prominent, and public opinion be and the case was deferred till the fall aroused to secure its repeal. session of the court. When the fall Of his experience in the prison, Bro. session convened, Bro. Rosqvist was not Rosqvist has written : "I was sentenced able to be present, and although it could for eight days, but was kept twenty-two not be proved that he had done the acts hours longer. I requested the warden specified in the warrant, he was fined to let me keep my Bible, some writ- for disobeying the order of the priest, ing paper, and a lead pencil, but this that he should not preach any more in was denied me. But I was allowed to Grythyttehed. After this Bro. Rosqvist have a New Testament to read, a priv- was constantly liable to arrest ; for the ilege which many before me had not had. fact that he had been condemned and "I was not permitted to keep my own forbidden to preach by the church coun- clothes, but had to exchange them for a cil of Grythyttehed, subjected him to regular prison suit, consisting of a coarse liability to arrest for preaching in any shirt made from hurds, coarse pants, other place in Sweden. In one place vest, and jacket, some ragged, patched- where he was laboring shortly after this, up stockings, and a pair of very large a warrant was sent for his arrest, but shoes. It was very cold in the cell at the sheriff sent back word that if the times, and the bed was shut up in the priest wanted him arrested, he must daytime, so there was no opportunity come and do it himself. to rest. In the morning they gave me During the year 1882, Bro. Rosqvist bread and water for breakfast, and in labored in the northern part of Sweden, the evening only water. Prisoners were where several small companies began forbidden to sing, or read aloud. I was to keep the Sabbath. In this year I vis- much encouraged during my confine- ited Sweden, and a Conference was ment, by letters from the dear brethren organized. Considerable has been done at Grythyttehed, who met every evening to extend the knowledge of the present for prayer during the time I was in truth to the people of Sweden, by the prison. . . . When I stepped out of labors of faithful colporters. Their lot prison, I was met by a merchant who is not an easy one, and their earnings had inquired for me, and who invited are very meager ; but they have not me to his house. Here I took breakfast, engaged in the work because it is the and spent a few hours pleasantly with easiest or most pleasant, but because his family. I left Orebro rejoicing in they love their fellow-men, and desire my heart, and praising God for his to warn them of the evils to come. SCANDINAVIAN MISSION. 71

Very few of the people of Scandinavia In company with him I made a short are rich, and the majority have a hard visit to Sweden, visiting the brethren in struggle to obtain a comfortable living; Amot and Grythyttehed. At the latter but they are kind-hearted, and many place, Eld. Haskell spoke seven times. who cannot afford to purchase a book These meetings were well attended; the of any considerable cost, will buy one brethren were much encouraged, and or two small tracts. At first our col- promised to pay one-tenth of their earn- porters had very few tracts to work ings to sustain the mission. A Tract with, and these must be sold at very low Society was also organized, which has prices if sold at all. The colporters re- been active ever since. ceive one-third of the selling price as In the summer of 1884, Elds. Butler their compensation, and this, with a few and Whitney made us a short visit. donations, is all their living. Now they They came to Denmark, and found us have more books and papers; but the holding a general meeting in Valsoma- greatest economy must be practiced in gle, Sjalland. They had been delayed order to live. on their journey, and therefore attended In the summer of 1883, Bro. Rosqvist but one day of the meeting. Each spoke went to America, at the request of the once to the brethren, who were much General Conference, to labor among the encouraged by their presence and testi- Swedes of the United States ; and since mony, and although it is a slow and that time, Bro. 0. Johnson, who received difficult process to speak by an interpret- the truth in Christiania, has labored in er, yet the truth went from heart to Sweden. Bro. C. Norlin, who has labored heart. The blessing of God was felt, and several years very faithfully as a col- a greater interest was awakened in the porter, and during the past winter as a work which God has committed to his preacher also, has brought quite a num- people in the last days. ber of souls into the truth. The next day they went on their way to Christiania. Here they held six meet- ings, which were well attended. The PROGRESS OF THE WORK. word preached was thankfully received, VISITS OF AMERICAN BRETHREN. and seemed to make a deep impression. IN the summer of 1882 we were en- Many of the brethren and sisters testified couraged by the visit of Eld. S. N. Has- to the goodness of God, and expressed kell. In Christiania he attended our quar- their thankfulness to their brethren terly meeting, on which occasion eleven in America for all the help and light persons were baptized, and seventy- received from them. At this time plans eight brethren and sisters took part in were laid for the erection of a new the ordinances. On the Sabbath he building which should give ample room spoke of the importance of leaving all for the growth of the publishing work, and following Jesus ; on Sunday, of the and provide a large and commodious proper use of the talents committed to hall for meetings. our trust, and of the last message of Since Eld. Butler's return from his mercy. He labored to arouse a greater visit to Europe, a much deeper interest interest in the tract and missionary in foreign missions has been manifested work, and encouraged the brethren by the American brethren, and the much. Scandinavian mission has been liberally 72 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. sustained with means for the support of Army is also very strong. There has- the laborers, and for the erection of the been a great deal of healing by anoint- mission building. ing with oil and praying for the sick ; While Brn. Butler and Whitney were those who claim to have been healed in with us, Elds. A. B. Oyen and E. G. Olsen this way number several hundreds. On arrived from America. The General the whole, there is much more religious Conference had sent them to assist in stir in Stockholm than in any of the the work of this mission, and we were cities of Denmark or Norway. But with much encouraged by their coming. We few exceptions it is very superficial, and were thankful for the protecting care of the antinomian element is prominent God in their behalf The steamer on everywhere, so that great prejudice ex- which they had first arranged for pas- ists against sound Bible doctrine. sage was wrecked, and about one hun- We began to preach in several places, dred and thirty-five persons were lost ; but were driven away from them, until but our brethren had been unavoidably in October we secured a large hall in delayed, and thus escaped this danger. a very good locality, which would hold Eld. Oyen has taken the management eight hundred persons, but was seated of the printing work, and thus I have for about three hundred. It was poorly been enabled to labor more extensively heated, and not easy of access, but we in the mission. His experience as a were glad to get it. We kept this hall printer and editor has been very valu- four months, our congregations varying able in connection with our publishing from one to three hundred. During work, and his labors as preacher and the first two months the congregation elder in the Christiania church have changed very much, the most seeming been a great benefit to this church. to come from curiosity; but after a time Eld. E. G. Olsen has labored princi- there was a remarkable change in this pally in Christiania, Drammen, and Laur- respect, for the people would stay after vig., In each of these places some have the meetings to converse with the embraced the present truth, and in the preachers, and they manifested a deep latter place about twenty have begun to interest to learn from the teachings of keep the Sabbath. the Bible. So we gave a second course of lectures, interspersed with many dis- STOCKHOLM. courses on faith and a Christian life. In the fall of 1884, after the Confer- By the first of March, fifty persons had ence in Sweden, I went to Stockholm, been added to the church, and the num- in company with Eld. 0. Johnson, and ber of members was sixty-six. The last began a series of meetings. Before this Sunday our meeting was attended by time Brn. Rosqvist and Johnson had about two hundred persons. The ex- labored some in this great city, and penses of this series of meetings were there were a few keeping the Sabbath. paid by donations, which amounted in Stockholm has two hundred and fifty all to X308. The love and union which thousand inhabitants, principally Luther- prevailed among the friends at that time ans. Yet there are many other religious was truly encouraging, and the blessing elements. The Separatists have several of God was evidently with them. Since churches in the city, with many thousand that time Bro. Norlin has labored in members. The Baptists number more Stockholm, and there are now about than three thousand, and the Salvation ninety Sabbath-keepers there. SCANDINAVIAN MISSION. 73 After the meetings in Stockholm, I la- At the beginning of this year, Den- bored two weeks with Eld. Johnson in Ore- mark had four preachers (colportage is bro. The people showed a great willing- forbidden by law), nine churches, with ness to hear, and as Eld. Johnson remained 160 members, and 258 Sabbath-keepers. some time, several embraced the truth, During the year, ,405 have been re- and a small church has been organized. ceived in tithes and donations, and 5135 At this time Sweden had two preach- for books and papers. ers, seven churches, with 193 members, and three colporters. During the year, THE NEW OFFICE AND MEETING-HOUSE ,345 was paid in tithes and donations to AT CHRISTIANIA. support the work, and 5460 was re- When the Building Association bought ceived for books and papers. the property occupied by our printing At the same time Norway had two work and meeting-hall, it was under- preachers, four colporters, and two stood that in June, 1885, a portion of the churches, with 155 members. The tithes building would have to be torn down, and donations received during the year to make way for a new street. As we amounted to 51,316, and the money re- neared the time when this must be done, ceived by colporters for papers and the brethren realized that our old build- books to 5378. ing was not suitable for the growing COPENHAGEN. wants of the cause, and at the same time the payments, which were now about Since the spring of 1885 I have labored 51100 a year, were a burden that they principally in Copenhagen, Denmark, in could not carry without help from abroad. connection with Eld. Brorsen. Here the Up to this time the payments on this people are so much given to infidelity property had absorbed all the means and pleasure-seeking that it is very dif- that could be raised by the Sabbath- ficult to call their attention to religion. keepers in Norway, so that there was Political commotions and financial fail- nothing to use in supporting laborers in ures, while thousands are out of work, this, one of the best fields in Northern have brought about a sad condition of Europe. society. Our meetings in Copenhagen After fully considering these things, have not been nearly so well attended as the meetings in Christiania, or even the trustees of the Building Association requested the General Conference to in Stockholm. We have seldom had take the property, as follows :— more than one hundred hearers, while at most of the meetings there have been Whereas, we learn, that the General Confer- from thirty to seventy. But the work ence in America intends to organize a legal so- ciety for the purpose of holding property both in has been advanced by the help of Bible- America and in foreign countries, therefore— readings in families, and by visiting. Resolved, t hat it is our wish that said society Quite as much has been accomplished in take the property of the Building Association, this way as by the preaching. And the and we would hereby request that this be done interest, although not a large one, has as soon as circumstances may allow. continued to increase. We have or- This resolution was adopted Jan. 2- ganized a church of twenty members, 1885. and some over forty are keeping the At the time of Eld. Butler's visit to Sabbath. Among these are some prom- Christiania, the matter of a new building ising young men. 6 was discussed, plans were presented, 74 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. and Eld. Butler consented to lay the was placed in his hands, under the di- whole question before the General Con- rection of the Board of Trustees of'the ference at its next annual session. At Building Association. In May, 1885, this meeting the matter was considered, the work of building was begun ; and and it was decided to go forward with March 14, 1886, the meeting-hall was the erection of a new building for a dedicated. At the dedication, the hall

THE MISSION PRINTING OFFICE, CHRISTIANIA.. printing office and also for a hall for was filled, about seven hundred being meetings. present. Earnest appeals were made to the brethren in America for means to erect THE SCANDINAVIAN MISSION HOUSE AT the new building, and to carry forward CHRISTIANIA. the work in Scandinavia. These ap- This building is situated on the corner peals were liberally responded to by of Akersgaden and Thor Olsens Gade. donations and pledges, and the work was It fronts the north, the main entrance pushed forward. As Bro. L. Hansen being on Thor Olsens Gade, the new was one of the leading contractors of street, the construction of which re- Christiania, the whole work of building quired the tearing away of a part of the SCANDINAVIAN MISSION. 75

,old building. In front, and nearly op- sheets, etc., from the press room in the posite, stands the large Catholic church, basement to the composing room and while immediately adjoining it to the the bindery on the main floor. On the south is the Lutheran mission house, north of this entrance is a room 20 feet and less than a block away, on the same square, used for a bindery, and on the street, is the large Lutheran church, south side are a store room and a called " The Trinity." proof-reader's room, each about 12x14 Our building is 46x69 feet in size, feet. with two stories and basement. It is In the south end of the basement is built of brick, with a foundation of grey the press room. This room is high and stone, and presents a neat and elegant light, and is occupied by a large English appearance. The ground on which it stop-cylinder press, a small German cyl- stands, slopes rapidly to the south, so inder press, a Peerless job press, and a that while the entrance to the first story 36-inch-power paper cutter. is gained by two steps, the floor of the The north end of the basement is oc- press room, which is in the south end of cupied by the stereotype foundry on the basement, is but two feet below the the west, and the engine and boiler room level of the street. Thus a large part on the east. The stereotype room is of the basement has abundance of light. fully equipped with the best stereo- If we enter the building at the main typer's machinery. Power for running door on the north, and ascend the broad the machinery, and heat for the whole iron stairway to the second story, we building, are furnished by 4 ten-horse- find a large, commodious, well-lighted power engine, and a fifteen-horse-power meeting-hall, 55 feet in length, 41 feet boiler. From the north end of the en- in breadth, and 22 feet from floor to ceil- gine and boiler room are partitioned off ing, capable of seating four hundred two small rooms; one is a coal room, and persons. At the end of this hall is a the other is a fire-proof vault for stor- gallery, 14 feet deep and 41 feet long. ing stereotype plates and matrices. That portion of the room under the gal- The whole building, including the lery not occupied by the main stairway, meeting-hall, is heated by steam, both is now used as an editorial room ; but direct and indirect radiation being eni- it has wide sliding doors, so that in case ployed ; and ample provision has been of need it can be opened into the main made for ventilation. The building auditorium, and thus add 12x19 feet to proper has cost 810,150. The entire the meeting-room. cost of building, fixtures, and machinery, Returning to the first floor we enter exceeds 818,000. the office and sales room, a light, airy The lot on which the property stood room 19x33 feet in size, with windows was quite large, and since the erection on two sides. From the office we pass of the new building it has been divided, to the composing room, 27x33 feet in so that the corner lot, on which the new size, which, with the office, occupies the building stands, is called Akersgaden 74, west side of the building. Near the while the remainder is called Thor 01- center of the east side of the building sens Gade No. 1. is another entrance, and near this en- That which remained of the old build- trance is the pneumatic elevator for the ing has been remodeled, repaired, and transportation of type-forms, printed painted, so that it now furnishes five 76 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. suites of rooms, which are rented out great necessity for a better assortment to private families for about $350 a year. of books. The income from this house and lot is sufficient to cover taxes, and to pay SCANDINAVIAN COLPORTERS. about five per cent interest on the ap- In Norway and Sweden, canvassing praised value of the property. If it as well as colportage is free, while in should be decided to sell, the improve- Denmark the latter is forbidden, and the ments made this year make the prop- former is limited by unreasonable laws. erty in every way more desirable. If, From the first, canvassing and the sale however, the work shall continue to of books and tracts have been made- grow, as we trust it will, this house, a prominent point in the missionary situated as it is immediately adjoining work in Northern Europe. The colpor- the printing office, would be very con- ters have been sustained chiefly by per- venient and desirable in case a mission centage. In many cases they have had school, office boarding house, or some- no other help but in some instances thing similar were needed. where they have had a family to sus- At present the office publishes four tain, and their journeys have been monthly papers, two in the Danish-Nor- long and expensive, they have had some wegian, and two in the Swedish. One additional assistance. This help has of these in each language is a health come from fellow-laborers in the mis- journal. The one in Danish, Sundheds- sion, from donations sent to the office bladet, is the only paper of its kind in or to the missionaries, and, in Sweden that language, and during the first part and Denmark, from the Conference of 1886 it has been very successful. funds. Yet this has been very limited ; Considerable effort has been made to in Sweden, for instance, three colporters call attention to it, by sending out de- in 1885 received from this last source scriptive circulars with testimonials, and about pi. subscription blanks, with some of the Some of the colporters have very most influential and widely circulated much desired to preach, but having so secular papers. Our office prints the cir- little judgment in this direction that culars, and the publishers send them out they would do more harm than good, as supplements to their papers, so that they have been advised not to do so. each of their subscribers receives a Others who are better adapted to this copy. As a result of these and other work, have been encouraged to hold efforts, subscriptions are coining in meetings now and then in the evening. every day. About $1200 has been re- They have dwelt only on such points of ceived on this paper since the,beginning the truth as would be generally well of the year. received by the people, and have thus We trust that the time is not far gained friends, obtained free lodging, distant when both of our religious pa- and increased the sale of their books. pers shall be issued semi-monthly. We The work of the colporter has been see a great work before the office in considered a good school for those who Christiania. The Scandinavian people would become preachers, and it has will buy good religious books if printed proved to be so. Since we adopted the in a style to please, and at prices that plan of holding Bible readings, there is they regard as reasonable. There is a better chance for all to do something SCANDINAVIAN MISSION. 77 Assistance being limited, the colpor- began to keep the Sabbath. As time ters have had to be very economical. passed, he felt a burden for the people They have traveled at the cheapest of Scandinavia, and had now come to rate, and have been very careful of labor as a colporter among them. This their expenses in every direction. The looked to us like a wild undertaking. following facts concerning a trip made He was not fluent in speech; in fact, it by Bro. Norlin through a part of North- was almost impossible for him to express -em Sweden in the summer of 1884, his thoughts. may give an idea of the work :— After spending a few days with us, he He was away a little less than three started out to sell, books. These he months, and during that time obtained paid for, and also deposited some money subscriptions and sold tracts to the in the office. At first his experience amount of X243. This was in the sum- was very discouraging. He went from mer, which is the best time to sell books place to place, meeting with frequent in that part of the country. In the win-. rebuffs but no success, until he became ter season he sold much less. In most quite disheartened. He finally left the places he was received kindly, and the cities and went into the country, and people often entertained 'him free of after much prayer and meditation tried charge. He held meetings where there again. This time he met with some was an opportunity, and found that the success, and since gaining a fair start in people in this part of Sweden have more the work he has labored untiringly. interest in religion and less prejudice On one of his late trips to Lofoden, than in other portions of the country. in the far north, he wrote : "At He went as far as LuleA, which lies six Throndhjem I went on board a small hundred miles north of Stockholm, visit- sailing vessel to reach this place in the ing the cities, and traveling afoot through cheapest possible way. The wind was the country. In Umet he was allowed against us, and it took us three weeks to speak in a Lutheran mission house. to reach this distant haven. Every time In Hernosand he obtained fifty subscrib- I visit Norland it looks to me like a ers, and in Solefted forty. Some be- risky undertaking. The barren, snow- came interested in the truth, and a few capped mountain peaks towering far up afterward began the observance of the among the clouds, very much resemble Sabbath, so that a few Sabbath-keepers icebergs, and bring gloomy feelings. have sprung up here and there from They remind me of the desolate fields this effort. of ice with their big white bears ; and One of- our most active colporters in I begin to 'think of my ready means, Norway is Bro. H. H. Surthen. About whether it is sufficient to take me back three years ago he came into our office, if my undertaking should prove a failure. an entire stranger to us, and said he had " When I reached the rugged mount- come from America to be a colporter in ain peaks of Lofoden (the most cele- Norway. While on his way to America brated fishing place in Norway), many a few years before, a fellow-passenger questions crowded into my mind. Can had lent him some of our books. By I • find a foothold in this unpleasant reading these he became interested in place? Will the fish come this year? the truth, and after reaching America Have any among these weather-beaten he found Seventh-day Adventists, and fishermen dressed in oiled clothes a 78 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. taste for anything else than fishing and churches with 250 members; and in sailing ? My courage began to sink, Norway there are three churches, with and it was high time to look away from over 160 members. Besides this, there the cold mountains and dreary ocean, are in these countries more than 200 to the word of faith which the apostle scattered Sabbath-keepers who are not says is near, 'in thy mouth, and in thy united with any church. heart.' A fearful person may soon lose There are many things which help to his faith, and become unfitted for col- make the Scandinavian countries good porter work.. and promising fields of labor. As a "I have now been here two weeks. class, the people are honest and in- My earnings on sales are more than dustrious, kind-hearted and generous. sufficient to cover my daily expenses. They have great respect for the Bible, My earnings for January were $10.30. and much more faith in it than the Please give the mission one-tenth, $1.03. people of those countries which were For February (this was the month in longer under, the influence of the pa- which three weeks were occupied by pacy. And while we render thanks- the voyage) they were $5.02. Give giving to the Lord for what has been the mission fifty cents." done in winning souls to obedience to So far, the work of our few faith- the truth, we must regard what has ful colporters in Scandinavia, and in been accomplished as only a beginning Sweden especially, has been rendered of the work yet before us; and we re- difficult by the lack of suitable books. joice that more laborers are being sent It is of the highest importance for the to this field. progress of this branch of the work As this sketch is being closed, we learn that the colporters have a good as- of the arrival at Christiania of Eld. 0. A. sortment of large and small tracts, Olsen and his family, Eld. N. Clausen pamphlets, and bound books. The and wife, and Bro. John Lorentz. Eld. publishers are working diligently to Olsen, who for several years has had a prepare books on various points of general oversight of the Scandinavian present truth in such a form as will be work in America, comes at the recom- most acceptable and useful to the peo- mendation of the General Conference to ple ; and we pray that the Lord may labor for two or more years in Scandi- put it into the hearts of many faithful navia, and Brn. Clausen and Lorentz men to engage in the work of circulat- will assist in the management of the ing these publications. publishing work. It is now nine years since this mission At the same time we learn that a was established. For nearly two years linen tent, 40x60 ft., has been purchased I labored alone. Since then, laborers in England for use in this mission, and have from time to time been sent from soon after our annual meetings in America to engage in the work, and Sweden and Denmark we hope to see some have been raised up here, until this new tent used for the preaching of there are now ten ministers, and as the third angel's message in one of the many more licensed preachers and col- porters, working in these countries. large cities of Scandinavia. In Denmark we have nine churches, J. G. MATTESON. with 175 members ; in Sweden, ten Stockholm, June 6, 1886. THE BRITISH MISSION.

11 THE two prominent truths held by had done its work, observers of the -1 Seventh-day Adventists are the per- seventh day can readily be found. There petuity and unchangeableness of God's is excellent reason for believing that moral law, summarily comprehended in such were the Culdees of Iona, a prom- the decalogue, and the doctrine of the inent leader of whom was Columba, near coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. who died in the sixth century. Such The former involves the obligation to could doubtless be found from the sixth observe the seventh-day Sabbath,, and ' to the sixteenth century, had not all both include, when fully developed, all traces of them been obliterated by their the other views of importance held by enemies, or the monkish historians been that people. The doctrine of the near too illiterate to record them. But on coming of Christ is truthfully applicable reaching the sixteenth century, when a only in the last days, and so it has revival of learning took place, the an- been held in prospect by the good and cient Sabbath comes again to the front. enlightened of all past ages. Its observers seem to spring from the Not so the Sabbath of the Lord. persecuted of the Dark Ages, rather than Although prophecy predicts a reform in from the Reformation. Dr. Chambers, regard to this institution, which has doubtless referring to Sabbatarians as a been so long trampled under foot, it is distinct denomination, says, "They arose nevertheless true that it has been of in England in the sixteenth century." perpetual obligation since "the Sabbath " A Sketch of the Denominations of the was made for man" by the Creator of Christian World," by John Evans, A. M. the heavens and the earth. It becomes, (London, 1801), speaks of them as much therefore, a pleasure to him who loves reduced in numbers, "but deserving" God's law to trace its history, and to at that time "of a distinct mention," find that even in the "wilderness" state "on account of their integrity and re- of the church, the Sabbath of the Lord spectability." In the reign of "Queen —the sign of the true God—has had Bess" there was much agitation over its faithful witnesses in various parts of the subject, and that agitation developed the world. And Great Britain is no men and women who counted the truth exception to this. of God dearer than honor, wealth, and In the earlier centuries of the Chris- life. For teaching and observing the tian era, before the leaven 'of paganism seventh-day Sabbath, John Trask was (79) 80 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. censured in the Star Chamber to be cause. But space forbids extended no- placed in the pillory at Westminster, and tice of the brave witnesses for truth. In from thence to be whipped to the fleet, the times of fiercest persecution. they there to remain a prisoner. Mrs. Trask, prospered. Some went to America and his wife, a woman of rare virtue and there sowed the seed of truth, which loveliness of character, was confined, for has since borne abundant fruit. Others observing the Sabbath, for fifteen years, compromised with the world, and their to the day of her death. About 1632 a lamp went out in darkness. Others learned minister, Theophilus Brabourne, remained faithful, and their light still published works of ability on the Sab- shines, as, for instance, the Mill Yard bath, dedicated to King Charles I., who (London) church of Seventh-day Baptists, appointed through Archbishop Laud, now 56 Mildmay-Park, London, N., near Drs. F.,White and Peter Heylyn to reply the head of whose list of honorable to the same, both of whom admit the ministers stands the name of John James, strength of Brabourne's argument, and the martyr, the last of whom, the pres- the absence of positive Scripture testi- ent incumbent, is W. M. Jones. This mony in favor of Sunday. A little later, gentleman has for eleven years pub- Philip Tandy and James Ockford wrote lished a quarterly, the Sabbath Memorial, in defense of the Sabbath, the latter which has done good service in the of whose books were burned by order of Sabbath cause, both in its thorough re- the church. The Stennett family fur- search into the languages and histories nished Sabbatarian ministers for four of the past, and its faithful witnessing successive generations at Pinner's Hall for the truth. chapel, London. The first of these suf- The Advent doctrine also has been fered much for his opinions, and was extensively proclaimed in Great Britain. for a long time imprisoned. One of the At the time when William Miller and most eminent Sabbatarians of this cent- his associates were giving the first ury was Francis Bampfield, formerly a angel's message in America, according clergyman of the Church of England. to Mourant Brock, an authority of note, He also suffered for his faith, being seven hundred clergymen of the Church imprisoned nine years therefor. He was of England were raising the cry, The the founder of the church at Pinner's Lord is at hand. Many non-conformists Hall, so ably presided over afterward also preached the same doctrine, among by the Stennetts. He died a martyr to whom were Drs. Cumming and Bonar. the truth, in Newgate prison, Feb. 16, In England also Dr. Joseph Wolff re- 1683. His brother, at one time speaker ceived the truth that the coming of of the House of Commons, under Crom- the Lord was near, and proclaimed it well, was also imprisoned for his faith in throughout all the East, as well as before Ilchester jail. In October, 1661, Mr. John many, both high and low, in England. James was apprehended while preach- Many works on prophecy were written, ing, tried, and sentenced to be hung, though the work at large did not take drawn, and quartered. His brave, con- so definite a form as in America in re- sciously innocent spirit was faithful to gard to the time of Christ's appearing. the last. He prayed for his persecutors, There are still many who are advocating and died happy in Him into whose the near coming of Christ. hands it is ever safe to commit a just The reason why Seventh-day Ad- THE BRITISH MISSION. 81

-ventists waited so long before entering for periodicals, talking and praying with the United Kingdom is not known; but the people. To his labors, under God, it was some time after they had begun not a few owe their conversion, and the the work in other European fields that publications he scattered enlightened missionaries were sent to Great Britain, many. He also assisted Eld. Lough- —a country which has done more to borough at a later period in tent work. spread the knowledge of the word of In 1878 the General Conference re- God than all other nations combined, solved to open a mission in England, and and which presents unparalleled facil- Eld. J. N. Loughborough was chosen to ities for sending the truth to other na- take charge of the work. Appeals were tions through her extensive shipping made for funds to carry on the work. interests. The first Seventh-day Advent- These appeals were responded to by ist missionary to visit England was brethren in America, and Dec. 17, 1878, Bro. William Ings, who reached South- Eld. Loughborough sailed from New York ampton from Basle, Switzerland, May to England, arriving at Southampton, 23, 1878. Dec. 30. He located in this town, and Bro. Ings remained at first two weeks, preached his first sermon in Shirley Hall when he returned again to the Continent. to a congregation of one hundred and He reported much interest, and people fifty persons, Jan. 5, 1879. Several meet- "hungering for the truth." He soon ings were held here, and as the result returned to England, and resumed work four persons were added to those al- in the land of his birth. At the end of ready keeping the Sabbath. The first sixteen weeks he reports ten keeping Sabbath meeting was held Jan. 11. the Sabbath. He makes the first pub- During the time the above meetings lished appeal in behalf of Britain, and were held, measures were taken to pro- thinks that a tent might be used to ad- cure a tent, and one was accordingly vantage. He and his wife remained in purchased, sixty feet in diameter, for England until the beginning of the year £85, or about 425. About the same 1882. Much of his time was spent in time meetings were held in Coxford, a ship work, and thousands of pages of suburb of Southampton, and a few more publications on present truth in various were added to those keeping "the com- languages were sent by him to all mandments of God and the faith of parts of the world. Many interesting Jesus." At this time Miss Maud Sisley, cases were reported; some embraced who had gained a good experience in the truth, and others were found ready America in the work of visiting families, to assist in its circulation. Although distributing reading matter, and doing Southampton is but a second-rate port, colporter work, became connected with the labor put forth there demonstrated the work in England. the value and necessity of using the The tent was first pitched at South- many ships of England as a medium to ampton, and the first service was held in circulate the truth. But Bro. Ings' la- it Sunday, May 18, 1879, with an audi- bors were not confined to ship work. In ence of about six hundred. Seventy- Southampton and surrounding towns four discourses were given, besides the and villages he presented the truth faith- Sabbath-schools which were held, the fully as opportunity offered, going from meeting closing Aug. 17. Including those house to house, obtaining subscriptions who were previously keeping the Sab- 82 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. bath, over thirty names were attached in the Mission. Many were thus reached to the covenant at the close of these by the truth who would, in all proba- meetings. The season and locality were bility, have waited long before their at- both unfavorable for a tent, the weather tention was called to it in any other way. being rainy and foggy. The first occasion of baptism in En- August 24 finds the Sabbath meetings gland by Seventh-day Adventists was held and the Depository located at Ra- Feb. 8, 1880, when six were immersed venswood Villa, a large dwelling-house by Eld. Loughborough. • From that date. leased at a cost of about $200 a year. to July 2, 1881, twenty-nine were bap- During the year, ,two hundred and fifty- tized at Southampton. The most of these five meetings were held. There was do- lived in the vicinity of Southampton. nated in England for the expenses of the As the result of a three-weeks' meeting, tent, and for general missionary work, personal effort, and the distribution d- over $400. reading matter at Taunton, Somerset- January 11, 1880, a National Tract shire, seven signed the covenant, prom- and Missionary Society was organized inent among whom was Prof. Henry under the regular constitution, with Veysey, a teacher of experience, who thirty-six members. Eld. Loughborough has since held responsible and useful was chosen president, and Mrs. A. M. connection with the Battle Creek Col- Loughborough, secretary. There were lege as teacher. two districts, the directors of which were June 18 the tent was again pitched at Eld. Loughborough and Bro. Henry Vey- Romsey, a village near Southampton, sey. This action awakened renewed the meeting closing August 7 on ac- interest and zeal on the part of the count of severe damages to the tent, members. caused by a gale of wind. These meet- Systematic missionary labor was be- ings were continued for a time in a hall, gun by sending out the Signs of the and several embraced the truth. The Times to addresses of individuals ob- tent was not used after this. tained in various ways. During the year In May, 1881, Eld. Loughborough 1881, one thousand copies were thus visited Basle to consult with Eld. An- used. These were sent out accompanied drews concerning the mutual interests by printed letters, stating the object in of the work. October 9, he began thus sending them, and soliciting sub- meetings in Darleston, Staffordshire, scriptions and aid in the work. Many in- where Charles Wesley was once mobbed. teresting responses were received; quite On account of bad weather and adverse a number of permanent .subscribers were circumstances, these meetings closed the obtained, and several embraced the truth, 19th. From that place Eld. L. proceed- some of whom are actively engaged in ed to Manchester, where he attended the work of God at the present time. the annual meetings of the United King- Sometimes as many as one hundred let- dom Temperance Alliance, the British ters would be received in a single month. Anti-Tobacco and Anti-Narcotic League, A few papers were sold by colporters. and the Vegetarian Society. At these This plan of operation seemed the best meetings he was received as the rep- that could be adopted by Elds. Lough- resentative of the American Health and borough and Andrews, and was continued Temperance Association. He also ad- as long as Eld. Loughborough remained dressed the Vegetarian Society. The THE BRITISH MISSION. 83 acquaintance formed at these meetings in that town. Eld. John's first meeting opened channels for the introduction and was held in the Hall of Science, March sale of our publications, and some of the 13. A month later his heart was made members of these societies have be- glad by the conversion of one to the come observers of the Bible Sabbath. Sabbath truth. Others soon after em- November 15, Eld. Loughborough braced the truth. Prayer-meetings, Sab- sailed for America to attend 1 he General bath meetings, and a Sabbath-school Conference. At this meeting it was were established here the same year. voted to send additional workers to Open-air meetings were held in Grimsby, Great Britain, and that Eld. S. N. Haskell at Cleethorpes, a popular watering-place should visit the European field. near Grimsby, and in other towns and The following laborers, recommended villages in the vicinity. In this way by the General Conference, accompanied thousands have since heard the truth Eld. Loughborough back to England : proclaimed in Grimsby and vicinity. A Eld. A. A. John and wife, of Illinois ; church of believers and a tract and George R. Drew, of California; Miss missionary society were organized in Jennie Thayer, of Massachusetts ; and 1884 ; and similar organizations were Eld. Loughborough's son and daughter. effected in Ulceby, a village ten miles They reached Southampton, Jan. 25, from Grimsby, as the result of Eld. 1882. Shortly after this, William Ings John's labors in 1885. From March, and wife returned to America, England 1882, till the summer of 1885, Eld. John losing a faithful missionary, and Amer- held meetings in Grimsby, Barton, ica gaining one. Louth, Ulceby, and several other villages. The same number of copies of the Bad weather and ill health prevented Signs of the Times-1000—were used him from developing some of these inter- this year as before, and in addition to ests. To September, 1885, about thirty- this, many copies of Good Health were five persons had embraced the truth in used. This journal gained many per- Grimsby and vicinity, nearly all of whom manent friends by its introduction into have been baptized. The churches and England. Many books were placed in tract societies, though not large, are various public libraries in different parts composed of vigorous and active work- of the kingdom. ers. Since the early summer of 1885, Eld. March 7, 1882, Eld. A. A. John be- John has been laboring in Aberyswith gan to labor in Grimsby, Lincolnshire. and vicinity in Wales, with apparent He commenced his work by loaning tokens of good. packages of tracts from house to house. From Southampton George R. Drew The interest thus created was followed went to London, arriving there Feb- up and increased by efforts in halls, ruary 14. Here he remained four weeks, through the local public press, and by selling about 75 'worth of books, and open-air meetings, which efforts have disposing of many publications in va- resulted in the conversion of a goodly rious directions. From there he pro- number of faithful souls to the truth. ceeded to Hull and Grimsby, engag- When Eld. John went there, there was ing in missionary work on shipboard but one Sabbath-keeper in the town, a and on land, remaining chiefly in Hull, Seventh-day Baptist brother who has till April, 1883. His experience at this been of material assistance to the work important port was highly encourag- HISTORICAL SKETCHES. ing, his sales sometimes reaching as America. Eld. J. N. Andrews visited the high as S45 a week. He visited some Mission twice., At one time, the summer thousands of ships, and sent publications of 1879, while on his return from his to many parts of the world. He met visit to America, he spent several weeks with the most encouragement among the at Southampton, giving material help to Scandinavians. From Hull he went to Hid. Loughborough in the tent-meetings the great port of Liverpool, with its he was then holding. In 1883, Dr. J. miles of wharfage, and its harbor filled H. Kellogg and family remained with with ships from all' the countries of the the laborers at Southampton four days. earth. His experience and success to In July of the same year, Eld. B. L. the present have been of the same char- Whitney and company called on their acter as at Hull, though depression in way 'to Basle to take charge of the trade has somewhat affected sales. Some Mission there. All these visits were have embraced the truth as the result cheering to the workers. But the most of his labors. One, a ship captain of important one, because of its practical Finland, has been the means of the con- results, was that of Eld. S, N. Haskell. In version of others, and is still laboring harmony with the recommendation of zealously for souls in his native land. the General Conference, he sailed from Many others are interested, and have New York May 13, arriving in Southamp- assisted in circulating our papers both ton May 25, 1882, being preceded one in Great Britain and beyond the seas. week by Bro. J. W. Gardner and wife, Beginning in February, 1880, small who were to accompany him on his tour editions of various eight and sixteen page on the Continent. His visit was a source tracts were published, and in March, 1882, of much encouragement to the workers. the publication of a British supplement to Under his counsel materials were pur- the Signs of the Times was commenced. chased for the composition of the two- This supplement, designed especially to page supplement. At the time of his represent the progress of the work in visit, about forty were keeping the England, was first' published monthly, Sabbath in Southern England. He again and later semi-monthly. It was printed visited Southampton and Grimsby on his from type owned by the Mission, and return to America, April, 1883. This contained various doctrinal articles, re- visit, though short, was inspiring to those ports of labor, and items of general inter- who were meeting difficulties in a strange est. At the date of Eld. Loughborough's land. He strongly recommended that departure, thirty-five numbers had been publications be issued in England, and printed. From Oct. 10, 1883, the work advocated their extensive use as a prin- of editing, composing, and proof-reading cipal means of enlightening the people, was done almost wholly by Miss Jennie watching at the same time for every Thayer, who had been engaged in the other opportunity, and taking advantage Mission as secretary since Jan. 25, 1882. of every occasion to introduce the truth The last number was issued Feb. 29, to the people. This counsel served to 1884. The next month the Depository inspire the perplexed workers with new was moved to Grimsby. zeal and courage, and its wisdom has From 1879 to 1884 the workers in been shown by the experience of those the Mission were from time to time who have since carried on the work in cheered by the visits of friends from the Mission. THE BRITISH MISSION. September 14, 1882, the first European ers. Under the direction of Eld. Lough- Council of 'Seventh-day Adventist mis- borough,the "History of the Sabbath" was sionaries was held at Basle, Switzerland, this year placed in sixty free libraries in under the direction of Eld. Haskell, En- the United Kingdom. Interested ones gland being represented by Elds. Lough- were also visited by Eld. Loughborough borough and John, *and Geo. R. Drew. in Liverpool, the north of England, and Eld. Loughborough was elected one of the Scotland. Sept. 23, 1883, a church was executive committee of three, and A. A. organized at Southampton with a mem- John was chosen secretary. This was a beiship of twenty. Bro. J. F. Sheppard highly encouraging meeting to the work- was elected and ordained elder.

RAVENSWOOD VILLA, SHIRLEY ROAD, SOUTHIMPTON. The following report of labor per- sidered approximately correct in the formed up to Oct. 1, 1884, may be con- items given, though not complete in all:—

Pqrioel,- 1 • Families , Sub.crib- Signs of Prefient • , Pau,. I I and Ships •"Vert era the Times 11•1111. „cns, I tracts ate 1 Bock &Wad i T:theS Visited 46 °" obtained taken need ''."•-- cliett.buted paid " ated 1 I 1878 to Oct. 1, 1881 28960 18528 290 200 Moutbly 69985 758844 I 58.85 Oct. 1, 1881 to Oct. 1, 1882 18.518 1567 147 1000 444178 .r • - 1882 a a 1885 6662 1615 119 1000 14902 5718.199 I ** 6°4.82 I 1883 . • 1884 16578 38594 644 250 8000 89882 512186 I t 511.351 880.16 1884 . Sept.1,1885 5409 1057 500 200 5000 104171 456641) I 103.08 388.58 Totals. 71127 55859 1700 272630 2748397 ' 2848.10 I 718.74

* Not reported. " Includes donations and all moneys ; perhaps tithes. t Only wholesale value of publications sold. 86 HISTORICAL SEE TC HE S There had been paid into the British the European field in 1884. Elds. J. H. Mission up to Jan. 1, 1883, inclusive of Durland and M. C. Wilcox were selected the cost of the Signs of the Times, $8,- by the Committee to go to England. In 250. The fund was in debt at that carrying out the above, Eld. Butler, time $300. An appeal was made to the the two individuals above named, and American brethren for $10,000, and the family of Eld. Durland, in company the fund was soon increased. To Nov. with Eld. A. C. Bourdeau who was on 1, 1882, there had been raised in En- his way to Switzerland, embarked at gland by tithe and donation, $2,078.71. New York Feb. 16, reaching Glasgow October 10, in harmony with the rec- Feb. 27, and Grimsby Feb. 29, 1884.

OFFICE OF Present Truth, GRENISBY. ommendation of the General Conference It was decided at this time to publish of 1882, Eld. Loughborough embarked a sixteen-page monthly about the same for America to labor in the western field. size as the Signs of the Times, to be In the General Conference session of entitled the Present Truth. A new Nov. 8-20, 1883, the following action building was rented for about $200 a was taken respecting the British Mis- year, a portion of which was sub-rented sion : 1. It was recommended that a to the workers for about 8100. The paper be published in England ; 2. That Depository at Southampton was trans- the General Conference Committee se- ferred to the new address (72 Heneage lect two additional laborers for that street, Grimsby), and the first paper was field ; 3. That Eld. Geo. I. Butler visit issued bearing the date of May, 1884. THE BRITISH MISSION. 87

The subscription price of the paper was terest has been manifested in a more fixed at 2s. 6d. (60 cents) for a single substantial way than by words. Those copy for one year, in clubs at law club baptized, united with the church at rates. About 1000 copies were sub- Southampton. The ;influence of that scribed for in England the first year by church cannot be measured by its local the friends of the cause. work, nor its strength by its present Meetings of interest were also held at membership. There were attached to Southampton by Eld. Butler, and consid- its covenant up to Sept. 1, 1883, sixty-7 erable zeal was shown by the church five names; Quite a number have since there in the circulation of the new pa- been added. A few of these have left per. Elds. Butler and Whitney assisted the faith, and some have died ; but by their counsel and supervision in the fifty-three of the.sixty-five are still try- purchase of materials for the new office ing to "keep the commandments of God of publication. Eld. Butler again visited and the faith of Jesus." A large number Grimsby and Southampton June 5-7, on of these are in America and have made his return to America, and this visit, like the ranks of its workers richer, and the first, was highly appreciated. as were those who remain are zealously laboring his words of counsel and encouragement. to advance the truth. May 28 to June 1, 1884, the second May 9,, 1885, in harmony with the European Council of Seventh-day Ad-, action of the General 'Conference of ventists Was held at Basle, Switzerland. 1884, Eld. S. H. Lane and wife and It was an excellent meeting, and it Eld. R. F. Andrews sailed from Boston brought nearer together, because it to join the Mission. The latter has since brought nearer to God, the workers in labored in Ireland, amid many difficulties, the various missions. The British Mis- but not without success. „Great preju- sion was represented at this meeting by dice and darkness exist in that field. J. H. Durland, A. A. John, Geo. R. Drew, Eld. S. H. Lane engaged for, a time M. C. Wilcox, and Miss Jennie Thayer. with Eld. Durland in Exeter; where sev-: The executive committee of the British eral embraced the truth. Shortly after, Mission elected for the succeeding year having purchased a tent 25x50 feet, was composed of M. C. Wilcox, A. A. they began meetings in Biseley, a small John, and J. H. Durland. village in Bedfordshire, closing Sept. 13. Eld. J. H. Durland, shortly after his Six Sabbath-keepers were-byought out arrival, located at Southampton. From in these meetings, and the 'surrounding that time till Sept. 1, 1885, he labored country was much stirred. The cost of in Southampton, Totton, Fitzhugh, East the tent complete was c;e42 15s. ($212); and West Cowes, of Hampshire; in cost of seating, about $50. The dona- Paignton, Dartmouth, Exeter, and Tops- tions of money and food by those who ham, of Devonshire; and in Riseley, Bed- attended the meetings nearly covered fordshire. Sixteen began to keep the the running expenses. Sabbath as the result of his labors in Eld. W. C. White and wife, Mrs. E. G. Hampshire, eleven of whom were bap- White, and three others arrived in En- tized. Nine embraced the truth in gland Aug. 19. Their visit was highly Devonshire, most of whom have proved appreciated by the laborers, not only faithful to God thus far. Many others as an opportunity of meeting once more became deeply interested, and their in- these old and tried friends, but because 88 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. of the valuable instruction given by Mrs. able mention : Henry Judd, who fell at White, and the timely counsels and sug- his post, Aug. 4, 1885. He had dissemi- gestions of Eld. White. Mrs. White spoke nated the truth in Southampton, Preston, from eight to ten times in England, giv- Glasgow, Newcastle, and in the counties ing five addresses in public halls, besides of Lincoln and Norfolk. Wm. O'Neil, those given to the friends of the truth in who has labored in connection with the regular places of worship. She spoke Eld. Durland and in ship work at South- once in the Temperance Hall in Grims- ampton and Liverpool. W. M. Herd, by, and although the night was very who embraced the truth by reading, and unfavorable and the notice of the meet- is now proclaiming it in the New York ing late, there was a fair attendance. Conference. W. C. Wallis, who came She next addressed a very large and from America with Eld. Lane, and has attentive audience in the Town Hall at since been engaged in colporter work. Grimsby, which address was published In June, 1884, Alfred Mason, an expe- in the Grimsby News. She next spoke rienced typographer, and his wife, both in the Foresters' Hall at Ulceby, in the of whom had had an experience in con- tent at Riseley, and in the Philharmonic nection with the work in California, be- hall in Southampton to a very good au- came connected with the office at Grims- dience. Her address at this place was also . by, and they have since rendered capable published in the Hampshire Independent. service in the office, the church, and the September 15 to 29 the third General tract society. There are others who European Council was held at Basle, have been connected with the work, Switzerland. The British Mission was either as colporters or directly with the represented by R. F. Andrews, S. H. office of publication, who have served Lane and wife, A. A. John, Geo. R. faithfully and with success, and others Drew, M. C. Wilcox, and Miss Jennie still who have devoted much time and Thayer. S. H. Lane, M. C. Wilcox, and sacrificed much for the cause of truth, R. F. Andrews were chosen as the Execu- whose names we believe are "written in tive Committee of the Mission, Eld. Lane heaven." There has been commendable being also elected member of the Exec- faithfulness on the part of the English utive Committee of the Council. It was Sabbath-keepers in the payment of tithes. decided at this meeting to issue the Matters of interest have occurred since Present Truth as an eight-page semi- the last European Council. The work monthly, and to illustrate it as far as is increasing, more colporters are now practicable. The report of labor per- engaged, and the illustrated smaller formed during the eleven months closing paper sells more readily. Miss Jennie Sept. 1, 1885, has been previously given. Thayer, who has been so long connect- The number of church-members in the ed with the work, sailed for America kingdom at that date was sixty ; other Nov. 7, for a period of rest which her Sabbath-keepers not connected with Sev- faithful, constant, and arduous labors enth-day Adventists, but in sympathy demanded. An institute of an encour- with their views, numbered about forty. aging character for the workers was held The following workers not before at Grimsby in January, 1886, at which mentioned, who have labored faithfully time the national organization of the with greater or less success in the mis- Tract Society was revived, with Eld. S. sion and colporter work, deserve honor- H. Lane, president, and Mrs. S. H. Lane, THE BRITISH MISSION-. 89' secretary. The field was divided into the few. Many are no more independ- two districts, of which J. H. Durland and ent than were many of the American W. E. Hollingsworth were chosen di- slaves before the Rebellion of 1861. This rectors. A Sabbath-school Association was well illustrated in the last parliament- was also organized, with J. H. Durland as ary election. Men wore conservative president, and Mrs. J. H. Durland as colors and voted liberal, or vice versa. secretary. Class distinction always breeds two An additional missionary, J. G. Olsen, prominent characters, — one haughty, has been engaged in Liverpool in con- proud, imperious, and overbearing, the nection with G. R. Drew, with success; other cowardly, cringing, weak, and and W. O'Neil has been successful at dependent ; and the latter class4 often Hull. Two lady colporters have also have the disposition of the former to had good success at Hull, and others those beneath them. It is difficult in- have found good omens of success at deed to reach such with the truth of Leeds, notwithstanding the severe winter God. The one is too proud and selfish, and great depression in trade. Three the other too weak and timid. The young men of good ability are just enter- straitness of the times aggravates the evil. ing the field as colporters. Eld. Durland 2. HARD TIMES. Depression in trade, has greatly developed the interest at failure of crops year after year, low Riseley, and three more have embraced prices of grains and food-stuffs on ac- the truth. Eld. Lane has labored at count of the enormous quantity raised Bardney and Horncastle in Lincolnshire, so much more cheaply in America, India, with some success. Meetings have been and Russia, have all worked disastrously held in Lochmaben, Scotland, by Elds. for Great Britain. But it is not only Lane and Andrews, with a small interest. the agricultural class that is affected. Eld. Andrews has been cheered by see- Great Britain formerly manufactured ing some embrace the truth in Ireland. for a great part of the world, but espe- It may not be amiss to reflect for a cially for America and the Colonies. brief space on some of the difficulties to Now the children have grown, and in be met with in this field,—difficulties many cases their manufactures are upon which there is general agreement superior to those of the mother country, among those who have labored here. and cheaper in price. Thus the very 1. CASTE. England is especially cursed progress of the newer countries of the by caste. This distinction of rank is so world is against her. This is also true generally recognized that if one in high in marine matters. England loses in life disregards it, he is made the occa- the race, with the world against her. sion of no little speech. Lord Tennyson Thousands in all the centers of industry says, " T is only noble to be good; " but are almost constantly out of employment, many not good are "noble by heritage," and the last winter has been one of and the nobility of heritage commands almost unexampled severity and distress. more deference than the nobility by It is very difficult for a man who has goodness. People do not realize that— a situation to embrace an unpopular "The glories of our blood and state, truth, knowing that he is liable to lose Are shadows, not substantial things." his situation if he does, and then star- As in all countries where caste and class vation of wife and little ones stares prevail, the power rests in the hands of him in the face. Those out of em- 90 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. ployment lessen their hope of getting the real condition of American society. permanent work if they embrace the Yet all these, and other reasons which truth. The middle classes are also hard might be named, are no cause for dis- pushed, and know not which way to couragement. The truth of God can turn, while those that "will be rich" break through all these barriers. If borne and "have heaped together treasure," by faithful, devoted souls, it will overcome what care they for the truth, when their all difficulties. Seeds spring not up in hearts are closed against the most ob- some kinds of earth as quickly as in others. vious and wretched woes of humanity. Their germination is slower, but their This is not a fancy picture; it is a terrible growth surer and hardier. So with reality. truth. Jesus, the mighty Redeemer of 3. IT IS AN OLD COUNTRY. Its customs mankind, labored as mortal never la- and manners are stereotyped. Families bored, for three and a half years, and attend the same house of worship which died with the tongue of but one con- their fathers have attended for hun- fessing his mission, and that one a dreds of years. "Customs," says a lead-: criminal. But a few days afterward ing English paper, " are tolerated and thousands were converted to what clung to now by the wiser and better, seemed a lost cause. The warm, life- which, if just now introduced, would be giving showers of the "early rain" had considered too absurd to require even fallen, and the precious first-fruits re- notice." Great Britain is old. She has warded the longing eye of the patiently done much to enlighten the world. Age is waiting Husbandman. Truth has al- generally suspicious of youth, especially ways moved slowly in England. John when the latter advocates advanced Wycliffe, the "Morning Star of the Ref- ideas. So Great Britain thinks it strange ormation," broke the ground two cent- that she should be taught of America uries before the sub-soil plow of Refor- the first principles of truth, and looks mation times stirred the soil of Europe; with suspicion upon what originates yet England emerged not from the there. It may be but just to say that darkness in advance of other nations, there is reason for this. Some ideas but later ; yet she at last came forth that have originated on American soil, strong and vigorous. And though now like Mormonism, for example, are not the dense clouds of oppression, tradition, calculated to allay these suspicions. error, and moral darkness hang over 4. MISREPRESENTATIONS. It might per- and almost envelop the land, will not haps be called one-sided representation. these clouds be pierced and broken by Anything directly sensational, ludicrous, the light of the precious truth of God ? wicked, or barbarous, happening in We believe that they will; that the soil America, is generally reported or re- of Britain, though cold and hard, will printed in English papers, while the yet be stirred by the word of God, better features are conspicuously absent. warmed by his love, and quickened by Naturally, this has educated many of the " latter rain,' and that it will yet the lower classes to believe that Amer- prove worthy of the past, worthy of the ica is a semi-barbarous country. Of labors, the toil, anxiety, and care be- course, many know that this is not stowed, and bear abundant fruit to the true, and the people generally are be- glory of God and the joy of Him who coming more enlightened in regard to is the co-laborer with all the faithful. THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION.

USTRALLA lies about seven thousand and fifty miles east of Tasmania and the 11- miles to the southwest of San Fran- southern part of Australia, are the isl- cisco, and nearly fifteen thousand miles ands of New Zealand, which, although to the southwest of London, requiring very different in shape and character, from the former place a sea voyage of lack but one-eighth of being as large as twenty-four days, and from the latter, England, Scotland, and Ireland com- if the journey is made wholly by water, bined, and have a population, exclusive a voyage of forty-two days. It is not of natives, of over half a million. strange, therefore, that this far-away The history of the seven English country should be little thought of by Colonies which occupy these countries the people of the United States, and but is mostly covered by the last sixty years. little understood by, the people of En- Victoria, the smallest of the five Austra- gland, except by the few who have vis- lian Colonies, has about a million inhab- ited it, and by those who have commer- itants. It occupies the southeastern cial relations with it. Yet we find portion of the continent, and has Mel- Australia to be a continent, measuring bourne as its capital. New South Wales, nearly two thousand miles. from north which is the oldest of the Colonies, lies to south, and two thousand four hun- immediately north of Victoria, and it dred miles from east to west, and con- also has about a million inhabitants. taining about four and one-half millions Sidney its capital is a free port, and is of English-speaking people. Its settle- more English in its ways than Melbourne. ments are chiefly on the south, east, and These are the two leading cities in west coasts. Australia, and they contain about three About one hundred and eighty miles hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants south of the southeastern portion of each. Australia, lies the island of Tasmania, The capital of Queensland, which oc- having a little more territory than the cupies the northeastern portion of the five States of Delaware, Massachusetts, island, is Brisbane, situated in the south- Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New eastern portion of the Colony, about five Hampshire. Tasmania, with the small hundred miles north of Sidney. South islands near it, has a population of Australia, with North Australia to which nearly two hundred thousand. Hobart it is united, occupies a strip of country is the capital. About twelve hundred more than six hundred miles in width, and (91) 92 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. extending from south to north across the is between those of New England and continent. It was first settled by an En- the Pacific Coast. glish colony in 1837, and has Adelaide North of Australia, and lying within for its capital in its southeast corner. twenty degrees of the equator north and West Australia, whose capital is Perth south, there are many islands, settled near the southern extremity of the west mostly by the French, the Italians, and coast, was settled by a colony in 1829. the English. The people of Australia Although covering an immense tract are mostly from England and Ire- of territory, this Colony has scarcely land ; and it seems to be the policy of fifty thousand inhabitants at the present the leading men to avoid commercial time. relations with America, lest the Ameri- In each of these Colonies the capital can spirit should lead to a separation is the center of all commercial interests. from their mother country. Millions of The railroads center in these cities, and pounds sterling have been loaned to, all business gravitates to them. In this the Colonies by the capitalists of En- there is a marked confrast with the gland, and with this money, railroads United States. Up to the present time and other government works have been the,,: efforts made to form an Australian built. Nearly all the banks of Australia confederation, like that formed by the have connection with, or are branches• different provinces in Canada, have been of, English banks. Thus the Colonies unsuccessful. Not only are the Colo- are bound by many financial interests nies independent of one another, but the to England ; but the land is largely people are quite different in their man- owned by capitalists in Australia. ners and customs. Each Colony has its South Australia is chiefly settled by own customs and laws, and regulates its people from England and America who own traffic, custom duties, etc., so that have gone there for their health. This. the passing from one Colony to another Colony is said to have a very healthful is similar to, passing from one nation to climate ; and from what we learn we another in Europe, except that here all think it a most promising field for the speak the English language. present truth. Of the two million peo- New Zealand, which is considered by ple in Victoria and New South Wales, many as an unimportant country lying nearly one-half are Roman Catholics. close to Australia, is in fact twelve In New Zealand it is quite different. hundred and fifty miles distant, and five The Orangemen have a strong organ- days are required to sail from Sidney to ization there, and the Catholics are on Aukland, New Zealand. New Zealand the decrease. The people are princi- is made up of two large islands and one pally English, Scotch, and Protestant small one. The two large islands are Irish. In Queensland and the eastern each about five hundred miles in length, part of North Australia there are large the greatest breadth of one being two settlements of French. In Victoria and hundred and the other two hundred and South Australia there are large settle- fifty miles. Wellington is the capital of ments of Germans and Scandinavians. New Zealand, and Aukland its largest All the principal cities of the Col- city. There is as much difference be- onies are well laid out, and are beauti- tween the habits of the people in Aus- fied by large parks, or domains. Some- tralia and those in New Zealand as there of these are covered with a great varie-- THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION. 93 ty of trees, and there is one in Sidney the English type. They believe that which contains birds of every species, Christ will come as a thief, invisibly ; brought from all parts of the world. that he will take the saints without any On Sunday these domains afford excel- one being apprised of the fact, and that lent opportunities for preaching. Tens after a time they will come down through of thousands of people flock together the air to old Jerusalem, to which place here, and are entertained by speakers the Jews will return. Then all will on various subjects. have an opportunity to repent and be With the exception of some modern saved. American inventions, almost everything The people have no clear idea of the that can be found in the world is to be fulfillment of prophecy, and when it is obtained in these Colonies. Land is shown that the prophecies have been dear, rents are high, and things in gen- fulfilled in the rise and fall of kingdoms eral are more costly than in England or and in the signs of the times, it gives a America. In Australia the people are tangibility to their faith, and makes a very conservative. The newspapers deep impression upon many who have claim to be liberal; but from our stand- been interested in these prophecies, but point they would be considered quite who have had no definite idea as to conservative. In New Zealand they are when they had their fulfillment. We more liberal. The people of the Colo- think it is in this respect only that the nies have established many libraries ; Colonies have any advantage over they are a great reading people. Sid- America as a place in which to present ney and Melbourne have very large li- the truth. In many respects this is the braries. The Melbourne library is one harder field. New views meet with of the largest in the world. Its readers great opposition. The people are very are estimated to be over one thousand a decided as to their faith, and are de- day. Besides this there are district li- termined to maintain it and oppose er- braries all through the country. In Vic- ror. This is as might be expected of toria there are more free libraries than an enterprising people whose religious in any of the other Colonies. In many views were established before they came of the district libraries a small sum is to the Colonies. It will be seen that paid yearly for the privilege of drawing their opposition would naturally be very publications. strong and bitter. But when they do embrace new ideas, they are as zealous THE RELIGION OF THE PEOPLE. to vindicate them as they previously There is no State Church in the Col- were to oppose them. onies. The Episcopalians are the most numerous, and the Roman Catholics HOW OUR ATTENTION WAS CALLED TO AUSTRALIA. stand next in number. The Lutherans also are quite strong. Nearly all de- In 1861, Miss Hannah Moore, who nominations are represented. The doc- had charge of the Mendi Mission in Af- trine of the second corning of Christ is rica, was making a visit in New En- not unpopular. Many of the Lutheran gland, and for the first time attended a ministers, and others who stand high meeting where she heard presented in the church, warmly advocate it ; but some points of present truth. We their ideas of the second advent are of staid one night with a family where 94 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. she was visiting, and had some conver- A MISSION OPENED. sation with her on religious subjects. She soon returned to her mission in Af- At the annual session of the General' rica, and through correspondence and Conference held in Battle Creek, Mich., the reading of publications she finally in November, 1884, a resolution was embraced the Sabbath of the fourth adopted recommending that Eld. S. N. commandment. Through her influence, Haskell go to Australia as soon as pos- Alexander Dickson, a missionary from sible to superintend the establishment Melbourne, accepted the Sabbath. Aft- of a mission there ; and that Eld. J. 0. er he returned to Australia, we lost all Corliss and other laborers go at the same connection with him. For years we time to labor in the mission. labored by correspondence to learn his In accordance with this, on the 10th whereabouts. Finally we found him in of May, 1885, Eld. Corliss with his wife San Francisco, having renounced the and two children, Eld. M. C. Israel with Sabbath. The only reason that he gave his wife and two children and Bro. H. L. for this was that he had spent a small Scott of California, Bro. Wm. Arnold of fortune, without success, in publishing Michigan, and myself, took passage on and traveling to get the people to keep the steamer Australia. After twenty- the Sabbath. eight days' sail we landed at Sidney. At a meeting held in Battle Creek, In about one month we were settled Mich., in 1874, Sister E. G. White said in Richmond, one of the suburban towns that there were many nations that of Melbourne. As it was winter, the would receive the present truth, and weather was quite disagreeable, there that she had seen presses running in being almost constant, chilly rains. We many countries, printing papers and found that halls suitable for meetings books on present truth. When asked varied in price from one to three pounds what countries these were, she said that per night. Not thinking it advisable to Australia was the only name she could rent one at these prices, we labored remember. from house to house, reading the Bible If the work in Australia had been be- and conversing with the people. But it gun twelve years ago, there is no doubt was with difficulty that we could get that we should have found many persons access to them. Being Americans, we interested in the Sabbath truth. Mr. were looked upon with questioning and Dickson and others aroused more of an suspicion, especially as we introduced a interest in its favor than they were new doctrine. We were indeed stran- aware. A number who then embraced gers in a foreign land. As soon as a it have since given it up. At that time few persons had become interested in there were great numbers coming to the truth by Bible readings and personal Australia from England, and many im- labor, we met with the bitterest op- agined themselves like the Pilgrim Fa- position from the people and the press. thers. They had a desire to imitate We could secure but a few places America, and no doubt would have re- in which to place our tract distrib- ceived more readily a truth coming uters, and these were in shops. But from this country at that time than after in the different parks we placed papers the customs and beliefs of society had in the tops of the iron fence posts. become settled and established. These were taken by those who passed THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION. 95 through the parks to and from their that the papers had given of us and work. The secular papers, although our work had only tended to arouse undenominational, could not be pre- the curiosity of the people, and bring vailed upon to publish articles which them to the tent. would in any way vindicate views dif- Quite a number who had become ferent from those indorsed by the public convinced by the Bible readings, at this sentiment. time began to work for their neighbors This was in marked contrast with and friends, with Bible readings pre- what we afterward found in New Zea- pared for them. Thus it appeared that land. There the papers are ready to the visiting and personal labor which publish, as news, that which in any way we did soon after arriving, had laid contributes to the interest of the reader. good foundation for public effort. Those One Lutheran preacher advertised quite who had become interested by Bible extensively that he would expose Ad- readings were in constant attendance ventism by telling the history of its rise, throughout the series of meetings. Al- and what the object of these men was though some lived a number of miles in coming from America. He stated from the tent, and it cost them from that we had come from the " obscure twelve to eighteen cents to go to the State of New England," whence every- meetings and return, poor men at- thing that was bad had come, and many tended regularly month after month, things that were good; that there was thus showing that their hearts had been one Miller, in America, who had proved affected by the doctrine taught. We to be a false prophet, and that out of afterward learned that the number of his theory ours had developed. In one those who embraced the truth by hear- of the largest papers of the city there ing at the tent, was exceeded by those were three articles in one issue warn- who embraced it as the result of the ing the people against us and our personal labors of others. work. Ministers of various denomina- A worthy Presbyterian deacon at- tions seemed to take pride "in exposing tended a few meetings, purchased some those Adventists who came from Amer- tracts, and embraced the Sabbath. His ica." One threatened to discipline any brother and wife were greatly affected member of his church who permitted by his taking a stand upon so unpopular one of us to enter his house. He said a doctrine. They requested their son, we had no business to enter their houses who was highly educated, to visit his unless we first consulted him. uncle and convince him of his error. When we saw how expensive it would After an interview which lasted nearly be to hire halls, we ordered a tent 40x all one night, the nephew became con- 62 ft. By September it was made and vinced that his uncle was right, conse- pitched in North Fitzroy, one of the quently he went home a Sabbatarian. suburbs of Melbourne. As I was in New From that time he began to labor ar- Zealand at the time, the burden of the dently for his father and mother, broth- meetings fell upon Eld. Corliss. These ers and sisters, uncles and aunts, and were advertised in the daily papers, and the result of his labor was that thirteen many thousands of circulars were scat- out of a family of fourteen took their tered through the suburbs. Very soon stand for the truth. Only one, a lawyer, it was seen that the unfavorable notices failed to acknowledge the truthfulness 96 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. of their position. Here were twelve them embraced the truth. This con- persons who embraced the truth without tractor carried on a large business, and hearing a discourse or becoming ac- employed many hands. After deciding quainted with one of our laborers. to keep the Sabbath, he called his em- This spirit of personal labor for their ployees together, and told them that friends was a marked characteristic of he would have no more Saturday work. the Australian Sabbath-keepers. Their A few were dissatisfied. They were earnestness and zeal was great; they immediately paid off and discharged ; left no stone unturned to reach their the rest were told that if they chose friends and neighbors. Some embraced they might put six days' work into five the Sabbath who first learned of our by working over time. He was doing work by taking the Signs from the government work on a contract, and parks. They came to the mission to was behindhand with it. Unless the inquire who we were, and what our work was finished at a certain time, he object was in coming to that country. would forfeit his pay. Word came from After the matter was fully explained to his men that they must work on Satur- them, they took reading matter, and in day if they finished the work at the a short time we learned that they had time appointed. He returned word fully taken their stand to keep the com- that they should go to work on Sunday mandments of God and the faith of instead. This was an unheard-of thing Jesus. As is usually the case, some in Melbourne. In order to avoid any who first embraced the truth afterwards trouble, he went to his employer, and renounced it. But by the circulation explained why he desired to work on of reading matter and the personal ef- Sunday instead of Saturday, and his forts of those who remained faithful, a proposition was accepted. The police knowledge of the truth was extended to raged, and were going to prosecute him. other cities and towns, and an interest But a lawyer to whom they went for was awakened in different parts of the counsel said to them : "The English laws country. are founded upon the law of God, and During the tent season, from Sep- if it should turn out th it these men are tember to May, the tent was pitched right in their explanation of that law, five times in four of the suburbs of it might go hard with you." He advised Melbourne, and as many courses of lect- them not to carry the matter farther, ures were given in it. In each place so it was dropped. some took their stand for the truth. This affair stirred the community. The work having once started, the truth The people wanted to see the con- seemed to be clothed with power, and tractor. Accordingly he promised to went forth, like a lamp that burneth, meet them, and tell them why he to all parts of the city and into the worked on Sunday. He expected to country. One man who was a con- see only a few persons, but was sur- tractor heard a few discourses, became prised to find the house crowded. He interested, and he and his wife took gave them a Bible reading on the Sab- their stand with others. He began at bath question, and left them deeply once to labor for his father and mother, interested, and earnestly calling for brothers and sisters, and continued so preaching on the subject. earnestly that in a few weeks nine of One firm in Melbourne who sold 120 125 130 135 340 145 150 155

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American organs, and employed agents THE PUBLISHING WORK. to travel through the Colony, after ac- cepting the truth, placed our publica- It was evident from the first that it tions in the hands of all their agents. would be necessary to pubslish a paper They also opened a book department in in Australia which would ably defend and correctly represent the doctrines of their store, where our publications were present truth, not only in the Colonies, offered to their customers. Thus far but in America and Europe. Accord- they have been very successful in ob- ingly, arrangements were made for pub- taining subscribers for the Bible Echo, lishing ; and in January, 1886, we began as well as in selling it and our other pub- to issue a sixteen-page monthly pa- lications. Other merchants have em- per called the Bible Echo and Signs of braced the truth, and thus a number of the Times. This gave an influence and stores are closed every Sabbath. strength to our work which could not Not many families were broken by otherwise have been obtained. The the truth. In most instances, every religious press in New Zealand, and in member accepted it heartily. Most of some instances in Australia, gave very these are from the middle class, contract- favorable notices of our paper. ors, school-teachers, printers, foremen By its publication we gained an in- of wholesale houses, and persons en- fluence among the more wealthy busi- gaged in managing and carrying on va- ness people, with some of whom we had rious kinds of business. Not one who already become acquainted. One man united with us was at that time using to whom we showed the paper, seeing tobacco or drinking ardent spirits. that it contained no paid advertise- They were persons who had begun the ments, remarked that it ought to be work of reform before the truth found placed in a gold frame. He inquired them; and nearly all were persons of how we were supported, and how we influence. This gave our work a favor- could afford to publish at so small a able standing. price a paper containing no advertise- The success of our work troubled the ments. After we informed him how clergy so much that councils were held our friends in America had supported to find a man who would debate with us so far, he said that such a work as we were doing was commendable, and us. Individuals from all classes sent should receive the support of the people and procured our leading denomina- of Me:bourne. He gave us a check for tional works ; but after reading these, fifteen pounds, and letters of introduc- they seemed to think that it was better tion to a number of his friends who, he not to debate with. us. Before this, the said, ought to help us more than that, Disciple minister had a standing chal- as they were in better circumstances lenge to debate with any one who did than he. not agree with the views of that church; - The canvassing for• " Thoughts on but on this point he became suddenly Daniel and the Revelation" also helped silent. By this general agitation of the to bring our views before the people in a subject we became extensively known. favorable light. Up to April, 1886, one The efforts against the truth only served thousand orders had been taken for in the end to help it forward. this work, although, when the agents 98 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

came to deliver, quite a number refused here toward getting subscribers than to take it because it was an Adventist does the same work in America. After book. A large number of agents were receiving papers the people seem to also employed to sell the Bible Echo, feel under moral obligation to pay for but only a few of these were successful. them. Of the first number of the paper we From Sidney, New South Wales, pub- published an edition of six thousand, lishers can send their papers free to while our regular issue is three thou- all the Colonies ; and from Tasmania sand. Readers could be obtained, how- they can send them free to all the

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Bible Echo OFFICE. NORTH FITZROY, VICTORIA. ever, for five or even ten thousand. world. From Victoria and all the other and our list of subscribers could be Colonies the postage is one cent per largely increased, if we had enough paper, if they go through the post-office. experienced help to do the work. Dur- If we had sufficient help, a Sidney edi- ing the first three months, about four tion of the paper might be published, hundred paying subscribers were ob- and mailed free to all parts of that field. tained. Besides this, a large number At each session of the parliament of of copies were sold by agents and New South Wales, an effort is made to others. The mailing and free distri- change the postal laws, but thus far bution of the paper accomplishes more without success. THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION. 99

BIBLE READINGS. ORGANIZATION OF THE FIRST CHURCH. During the winter, the opposition to Sunday, April 10, 1886, we met to, our Bible readings was very great. On organize the first S. D. A. church in one occasion ministers came for miles to Australia. There were eighteen present oppose, and our readings were entirely who had signed the covenant, besides broken up on account of the bitter feel- those who came from America ; and ing manifested. At another time a min- seven others applied for admission by ister and a few of his friends came a baptism. These were baptized the fol- number of miles to meet us, thinking lowing Sabbath, and each Sabbath for that our views could be easily over- a number of weeks members were thrown. When asked to read a text added, until the church numbered fifty- which was directly contrary to his faith five. Up to May, 1886, the entire num- upon a certain point, he would do so, ber enrolled was ninety. Besides this, but with the greatest apparent confu- there were about thirty-five names on sion of mind as to what it said. After the covenant. A missionary society collecting his thoughts, and wiping the also was organized, and a club of about perspiration from his forehead, he would two hundred papers was taken and paid deny the point proved by the text. We for by the members at the retail price did not discuss with him at all, but so as to help the society. Many copies would simply say that perhaps he did of these papers are remailed by the not get the full meaning of the text, brethren to their friends in England. and would better read it again. In this Children from eight to thirteen years way we would spend a long time upon of age take an active part in this one passage. His friends became much work. interested, and quite fully convinced of A church that will seat about twelve the fallacy of his position. hundred persons has been rented in the At the close of the meeting he de- city of Melbourne at forty pounds per sired a reading upon the subject of the year. This is to be used simply for kingdom and its manner of being set Sabbath meetings, and for a business up. His position upon this point was meeting to be held one day in each month. When not otherwise engaged, that the Jews would return to Jerusa- it can be rented for evening meetings lem, and that the second coming of for one pound per night. Christ would be invisible. We spent Sunday morning before I left Aus- three evenings of two hours each with tralia for New Zealand, we called the him and his friends on this one question. leading brethren together, and made a He would acknowledge the truth, point statement to them of the financial stand- by point, as we took it up, and then at ing of the mission. We stated the cost the close would simply say that he did of the publications that had been sent not believe what we taught. We never to the Colonies, the time we had spent realized the soundness of our views as with them, and the expense of getting we did when met by the fiercest opposi- there. This we did that they might tion. The simple reading of the Bible know something of the expense of the would, for the time being, silence the mission, not that we expected them to, worst opposers. do anything toward making up the sum. 100 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. We told them that, had we remained present numbers and prospects, an or- six months longer, we contemplated or- ganization could soon be effected, and ganizing a Publishing Association. We the printing ofae be owned by the also told them how such organizations friends in Australia. There is no doubt were effected in America, the brethren that the brethren in New Zealand would themselves taking shares and owning also be willing to help liberally in the the property; and stated that we thought publishing interest, although New Zea- in six months more they would have land and Australia will always be sepa- bee-n able to form such an association rate fields of labor. themselves. This, drew forth a response from one CLOSE OF THE TENT SEASON. of the brethren who had charge of a In reference to the closing of the large flouring establishment. He said: tent season, Eld. Corl.ss writes: "Our "We Englishmen are so slow that we tent-meeting closed the last of April, have not realized what you were doing. with a good feeling all around. Thirty- While we have scarcely begun to com- five have signed the covenant. Sunday prehend the fact that you are here, you afternoon I called the brethren together have raised up a church, and begun to in the tent, and spoke to them on the publish a paper. We are astonished; tithing system. Then I read them a but after awhile we shall come to com- detailed statement of our expenses dur- prehend these things, and when we do, ing the entire tent season, including the we shall be prepared to do whatever is seating for the tent, our printing bills best." at the Bible Echo office, and everything In anticipation of the wants of the except the cost of the tent itself. This publishing work, we had sent to Amer- all amounted to between eighty-two and ica the first of October for four hundred eighty-three pounds. Quite a portion pounds ; but as this sum was not re- of this had already been paid by the ceived in December nor in January, we contributions placed in the box at the had been obliged to give our note for door of the tent, and by other donations. the amount at ten per cent interest. There still remained, however, a deficit This we also explained in the meeting, of about thirty-two pounds. This the and suggested that if any of the breth- brethren made up in less than ten min- ren had money which they could loan utes. We did not even have to ask us at a lower rate, it would be thank- them to give ; but the first thing I heard fully received. In a few days one of after reading the statement was some the brethren voluntarily gave us fifty one saying, 'I will give five pounds to- pounds, and then loaned us four hundred ward making up the amount.' Then pounds at three per cent interest for one after another responded so rapidly three years, stating that the interest that I had to ask them to wait until I might go into the publishing fund. could take down their names. It did Bro. Arnold had proposed to pay for the me good to see how they took hold of large press, two hundred and forty the work, as though they were perfectly pounds; Bro. Israel for the engine, one accustomed to it. Thus the first tent- hundred and ten pounds; and I for meeting in Australia closes without cost- the small press, forty-five pounds. It ing the General Conference anything can be readily seen that, with their besides the cost of the tent. We even THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION.. lot dare to hope that when it is needed, to see if we could find a good place- the brethren will feel able to help them- in which to speak on Sunday. We selves to another tent. there met a man who was interested in "Our book sales at the tent amounted the question of man's immortality. to between fourteen and fifteen pounds. While we were talking with him, we We learned at this meeting how to dis- introduced the Sabbath question ; and pose of our tracts. We put them to- finally he directed us to a man, who, he- gether in shilling packages, and they thought, was keeping the Sabbath. On went off at times as fast as we could going to the place, we found a man and deal them out. Some nights we would his wife and two daughters keeping their sell from twelve to fifteen shillings' first Sabbath. They had been reading: worth. In this way we scattered much tracts sent by Eld. Israel. They sent us truth which cannot fail to bear fruit. to another family, and they to still I would not be surprised if a good another. In the evening we stepped many more would embrace the truth into a Bible house, and found that the from this effort. But I must say that I proprietor was interested in the subject never saw more persistent effort to of the coming of the Lord. He said he hinder and destroy a work. The devil had been dissatisfied with the church. fought to the end. for some time, and that he now at- "Everything that could be thought of tended only the meetings of the Salva- was tried against us. We were de- tion Army. nounced as Yankees, and the people In May, Eld. Israel visited Ballarat, were warned t& keep away ; but they and raised quite an interest by holding did not seem to heed the warning. Then Bible readings from house to house. the Campbellites challenged us to debate ; When he had been there about a week but when I accepted, they sent a note he had readings almost every night, politely backing out until I should chal- attended by from twelve to twenty of lenge them in writing. So I took ad- the most intelligent class. vantage of their delay, to present some After each reading was over, the peo- strong arguments for the truth and ple would remain together till eleven against their position. Then the Plym- o'clock, talking on the subjects pre- outh Brethren had flaming posters put sented, and, although they saw that to up all around town with the significant obey would conflict with their business heading, 'Christians, beware!' A num- interests, and separate them from friends, ber of these were posted on high boards yet they esteemed the friendship of God in front of the tent. But still the in- and the riches of Christ of far more terest increased. All these things seemed value than any consideration of a to help forward the work rather than worldly character. The following ex- hinder it." tract from the leading paper of the In May, Eld. Corliss and I visited Bal- place will illustrate this fact :— larat, which, next to Melbourne, is the "It is remarkable what sacrifices most important city in Victoria, being a some business people are prepared to place of from thirty to forty thousand make for conscience' sake. This re- inhabitants. We were not acquainted mark is drawn forth by a notice in the with any one in the city, and on Sab- window of a Bridge Street firm, to the bath morning we went out to the park effect that in future their establishment 102 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. will not be open on Saturdays until sun- islands of the Pacific Ocean. Welling- set. The members of the firm in ques- ton, situated at the southern point of tion are not of the Hebrew persuasion, North Island, is a city of about the but it seems that they are connected same size, and is the capital of New with a new religious sect which has Zealand. Dunedin on the southeast, sprung up in Ballarat, and which, after and Christchurch on the northwest, of close research into the Scriptures, par- South Island, are cities of about twenty- ticularly the book of Exodus, has come five thousand inhabitants each. Both to the conclusion that it is contrary to are great commercial cities for coast the law of the Almighty to enter into vessels to Australia. Invercargil, which any business on Saturday until the orb is composed largely of the Scotch ele- which gives us light has set." ment, is also a city of importance. These, with many smaller cities contain- NEW ZEALAND. ing from five hundred to three thousand About the first of November, 1885, I inhabitants near the sea-coast, commu- went to New Zealand to visit the prin- nicate with one another principally by cipal cities there for the purpose of se- water. The New Zealand Union Steam- curing agents for the Bible Echo, in- er Company runs a line of vessels from tending to return to Australia in time to Aukland around the coast of New Zea- assist in getting out the January num- land and across to Australia. It requires ber. We had decided that our paper two weeks to go from Aukland to Mel- must be a sixteen-page monthly. At bourne, for these vessels stop at the first we thought that a smaller sheet principal ports during the day, and run would do ; but after issuing an eight- from port to port during the night. page trial number, we were satisfied This gave me an excellent opportunity that a larger paper was necessary. to visit the cities, and accomplish what Our present views are that our paper is I had in view in coming to New Zea- none too large, and that it ought to be land. issued oftener. On reaching Aukland, I found many A study of the map of New Zealand opportunities to send the truth to the will show that it is made up of two different islands of the Pacific. There large islands called respectively the North are regular lines of steamers from Auk- and the South Island, and one that is land to the Friendly, the Society, and smaller, called Stewart Island. A large the Fiji Islands. Nearly every captain part of these islands is very mountain- and under-officer on these vessels was ous. Public roads are comparatively ready to co-operate with us in placing few, travel by land being performed packages of our publications in the principally on horseback. Reference to hands of proper persons to distribute on the map will show that nearly all the the different islands. All these islands cities are on the sea-coast, or very are settled more or less by Europeans; near it. Consequently the principal but the prospect that the truth will means of conveyance is by water. Auk- meet with much success in these islands land, on the northeastern coast of North is not very flattering. The people are Island, is a city of about forty-five not friendly to foreign missionaries. thousand inhabitants. It is the head- The natives are mostly of a low order. quarters of navigation for the various At Aukland we found a denomination THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION. 103

,called Christians, who correspond very general agent for our publications, and nearly to the first-day Adventists of has in his employ a number of other America. These had a class, or school, agents. From the commission on the in which different points of doctrine publications he nearly supports himself. were discussed every Thursday night. In former . years Bro. Hare had fitted Each member of the class was permitted himself for a missionary to the Maories, to introduce any subject he chose. I the native New Zealanders, and he now was invited to present those doctrines has a great burden for them. After he wherein we differed from them. This saw the light upon the Sabbath, he was was done freely, and it resulted in a dis- anxious that I should visit his father and cussion on the Sabbath question with mother, who resided in Kaeo, one hun- their pastor, Mr. Aldrich. They held dred and sixty miles north of Aukland. another class of the same nature at This I decided to do before returning Mount Eden, one of the suburbs of Auk- to Melbourne. We became deeply in- land. Here we introduced the personal terested in Father Hare and his family. and visible coming of Christ. This re- For twenty years he had been a school- sulted in another friendly discussion. master in the north of Ireland. By his The result of these discussions was that present and his former marriage, and by a small company embraced the truth. the former marriage of his present wife, These now meet regularly on the Sab- he has a family of twenty-four children. bath, hold Bible readings, and have so- Sixieen of these are married and have cial worship in different parts of the city. children. Many of them are men of Among those who embraced the Sab- means, and hold honorable positions in bath here was a young man who was society. They are persons of more than hopelessly given to intoxicating drink. ordinary ability, and have an extensive Even his wife despaired of his ever re- influence. Father Hare himself is local forming. He felt anxious to sign the preacher for the Methodists. At his in- -covenant, so we presented it to him vitation I occupied the pulpit the three with the temperance pledge embodied Sundays while I was there. Three local in it. This he finally signed ; and in a preachers, of whom two were Father letter received from there about a month Hare and his son Robert, afterward em- after, it was stated that he had not braced the truth; and Robert, relin- drank a drop of liquor since. quishing all his former plans, soon One of the first to embrace the truth started for America, to attend the college in Aukland was Bro. Edward Hare. He in California that he might fit himself and his wife commenced to keep the for the work of the ministry. It was no Sabbath before I had been with them small sacrifice for him to relinquish all three weeks. Since he fully committed his cherished plans of life, to fit himself himself to the truth, he has given all his to proclaim an unpopular truth. time to selling our publications, and to During this first visit at Kaeo, which distributing them on board of vessels, continued over three Sabbaths and first- and his wife has opened correspondence days, we held meetings in a hall almost with various persons on the different every evening, and in the day-time we islands. They both devote a large share visited from house to house and held of their time to personal missionary Bible readings. As the result of this work and to correspondence. He is the visit, two families took their stand for 104 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. the truth ; but their numbers were so which had been placed upon the table ;, few that they did. not hold public meet- but by inquiry we learned that a gen- ings. tleman who was going to a popular In January I returned to Melbourne, watering place had become so inter- and on the way visited the various cit- ested in reading it that he was anx- ies on the coast, in many of which we ious to take it with him, and had ob- found good openings for the presenta- tained permission of the stewardess to tion of the truth. In many places there do so. were those who had received our pub- The truth, especially when presented lications from America, and who were by means of Bible readings, seemed anxious to hear on the subjects of to be accompanied by a power that the Sabbath and the second coming of nothing could withstand. When once Christ. the truth began to work, it would seem The newspapers here are more liberal that scores became interested without than those in Australia, and seem will- any effort on our part. One would tell ing to publish reports of our work in another, he another, and in this way the America. The people believe in giving truth relative to the Sabbath and the each denomination a fair chance, and near and visible coming of the Lord they encourage those of other views to would be carried over a large extent of come into their community. But the country. We found several persons religious leaders are as determined to from India who had seen our publica- monopolize the ground as they are any- tions there, and who testified to the where else, and the opposition was as interest taken in them by the people in great in Aukland as in Australia ; but it that country. proceeded only from the churches. The My second visit to Kaeo was one long newspapers generally sympathize with to be remembered. Baptism had never the new-comers. been administered in that vicinity, and The first of March, after a short stay in the people entertained strange ideas Australia, I returned to New Zealand on concerning the dress to be worn by the my way to America. I found the friends candidates. I did not learn of this, still holding firmly to the truths which however, until after our first baptism ; they had received at the time of my first but I saw clearly that there was some- visit, and the interest to hear, instead of thing that hindered those froin going diminishing, had deepened and extended. forward in the ordinance who were At the same time the opposition had thoroughly convinced that it was their grown more fierce from those who had duty. But at our first baptism the Spirit rejected the truth. Bro. Edward Hare of God rested down upon the people. had been successful in selling the "Great They saw that there was nothing im- Controversy," Vol. IV., having disposed proper in the ceremony. From this of over four hundred copies in a little time it seemed that the Spirit of God more than three months. He had also triumphed over the powers of darkness placed our publications, including a in a most remarkable manner. Three bound volume of the Signs, on nearly were converted the night of the baptism, all the steamers sailing from Aukland. and three others took their stand for the While on the steamer going from Kaeo, truth within a few days. The second we could not find the volume of the Signs day after the baptism eight more were, THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION. 105 baptized, and the day we left we learned could be sent them. They also feel of about fifteen more who would have such anxiety for their children that been baptized had I remained longer. they would gladly build a school-house Some who had felt that they never and pay the expenses of a teacher from could keep the Sabbath on account of America, could they thus obtain one their business, then decided to do so. that would teach present truth in con- It was on Tuesday at five o'clock P. nection with the sciences. M., that we met for our last baptism. One sister who does the work for a We then celebrated the ordinances at family of nine or ten persons, including the house of Father Hare, organized a six children, the youngest but six years church as far as we could, arranged for of age, has become so interested for her a Sabbath-school, and on Wednesday I children that she takes one hour each left them to hold their first public day to teach them present truth. Mar- Sabbath meeting alone. Thus many garet, the eldest, was baptized before I believers were baptized and organized left. The interest for their children, into a church and Sabbath-school, and friends, and neighbors, is beyond any- celebrated the ordinances, before they thing I have ever seen in America. observed the Sabbath. But the evi- Twenty of Father Hare's family, in- dence that God accepted the work was cluding himself and wife and four daugh- as conclusive as in cases of six months' ters-in-law, have embraced the Sabbath. standing. Our anxiety for the success One lady who took her stand for the of their first Sabbath meeting was not truth in Kaeo did so reluctantly and greater than theirs. On Monday, while with deep feeling, fearing great opposi- at Aukland, I received the following tion from her mother whom she dearly telegram: "Services and Sabbath-school loved. During the greater part of her well attended. Isa. 12 : 1, 2." We re- life she had been a worthy member of turned the following : "Telegram re- the Methodist church. She requested ceived. 1 Cor. 15 : 57, 58." Since then me to visit her mother when I returned we have received encouraging letters to Aukland. I had been there only a from them. They have now organized few hours, however, before a lady a course of Bible readings which they called to see me. To my surprise she hold each night in the week except was the mother of this lady in Kaeo who Sunday. They have also undertaken had embraced the Sabbath. She said the task of carrying the truth to every that the Signs of the Times had fallen family in that section of the country. into her hands, and she had become in- I know of no place in the world where terested in the doctrines it taught. One there is greater need of ministerial of our prophetic charts hung in the help, or where it would be more ap- room where we were, and I briefly ex- preciated, than in the Colony of New plained to her the symbols on it. She Zealand. We sold over twenty pounds' then said that when she was a girl she worth of publications there, and received lived in the north of Ireland, and that many subscriptions for the Bible Echo. in 1843 she there heard preaching on The brethren use six hundred copies of those very subjects from a chart similar the Echo per month in their missionary to the one I had. She became so inter- work, and are ready to support the work ested in the Advent doctrine at that time in that Colony, even if two ministers that her father forbade her attending 8 106 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. the meetings, so she had heard nothing how our heavenly Father does far more more on these subjects from that time and `exceeding abundantly above all to the present. This interview revived that we ask or think' ! Prejudice in her mind what she had heard forty- seems to have a strong hold upon the three years ago, and she was quite sure people generally, and with those whose that we were right in our position. profession is the highest it is the strong- She said that she would observe the est. Some hardly know what to make Sabbath hereafter, and that she was in- of our views ; others have taken to terested to read further on the subjects prayer. One lady in particular says of present truth. It seemed that the very that she has obtained light through that sound of the truth concerning the sev- medium, and has been instructed to cast enth-day Sabbath and the second com- the Old Testament overboard. I told ing of Christ carried with it conviction the person who informed me of this that to some earnest, faithful seeker for she would better stop praying, lest she truth. should be instructed to cast the New One of our brethren at Kaeo had Testament also overboard. I fear that used tobacco for forty years, until it God will send some strong delusion to had become to him a necessity in order those who are knowingly opposing the to think clearly. But when he received light. the light of present truth, he renounced " Our Bible readings are as follows : it, and has not touched it since. In a At Joseph's house on Monday night ; letter written April 7, 1886, he says : at Brigg's house on Tuesday night; at " I have so many things to write you Wesley's on Wednesday night ; at my that I hardly know where to begin, and house on Friday night ; and at Bro. wherever I do begin I fear I shall make Lett's every fourth Sabbath night. Be- but poor progress, lacking, as I do, my sides our regular Sabbath-school and former inspiration [meaning his tobacco]. services in the hall, we have either a Well, I feel quite satisfied to dispense Bible reading or a service at my place with it, believing that all the good I every Sabbath afternoon. I had a visit have done under such inspiration is so recently from a presiding elder, and very small as to be nowhere discern- found that my resignation was very ac- ible. In what various ways men do ceptable, at least on his part. evil that good may come ! Blessed be " What can be done for Bro. B.? He the Lord for more light ; and may he is most anxious to attend your college, graciously grant more grace to enable and to devote himself to the work of me to live up to it ! the Lord; but he is poor. Now our " Three Sabbaths have come and little church here will /pay his passage, gone since you left, and I am sure that and if, with what little he may have of you will be glad to hear that Joseph and his own, your institution could possibly Wesley [the latter of whom was ex- receive him notwithstanding the finan- tremely bitter against the Sabbath up to cial deficiency, I have no doubt it would the morning before I left, when I had be to the glory of God. There is an im- my last interview with him] with their portant field of labor about here. See families were in attendance at our first to it, dear brother, that it is not neg- Sabbath meeting after your departure. lected. We are trying in the meantime It was more than I had expected. Oh, to do what we can." THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION. 107

The Maories are religiously inclined. THE MA ORIES. Nearly all of them profess the Christian The MaorieS are the original natives religion, and most of them can read. ,of New Zealand. They are an intelli- their own language. Those who have gent race, in many respects superior to lived among them and have gained their the aborigines of other islands in the confidence, have great influence over Pacific. Those of the Samoan Islands them. The Hare family, being old resi- are said to nearly resemble them. There dents, have always been on good terms are at present about fifty thousand of with them, and are known among all the the Maories in New Zealand. As a tribes. The present wife of Bro. Joseph class, they have a high sense of honor, Hare senior, is a physician to the Mao- justice, and morality. According to their ries. Her former husband was a mis- laws, the violation of the seventh com- sionary among them, and was one of mandment would exclude the guilty per- those who always retained their confi- son from recognition in any of the dence. Owing to the friendly relations tribes. His property would be taken which the Hare family sustain to these from him, and he would ever after be natives, and their knowledge of the great •considered an outlaw. The doctrine of injustice which has been done them, restitution for theft is rigidly enforced, their sympathy has been greatly aroused with many other ideas of a similar char- in their behalf. acter. Bro. Edward Hare has been very anx- The first missionaries who went to ious that a paper should be published in New Zealand were Methodists and Lu- their language, and before I left for therans sent from England. These have, America plans were considered for the to a large extent, lost their influence publication of a monthly Maorie paper, with the natives because of their over- to be gratuitously distributed among reaching and dishonesty in taking land them. Each paper was to contain arti- from the natives without giving them cles on temperance, a Bible story with a fair equivalent. Blankets, fishhooks, a picture, and a Bible reading. This en- agricultural implements, and similar arti- terprise was to be supported by friends cles which had been furnished by the of the Maories outside of our people. London missionary society to aid them Already money has been pledged so that in the work of civilization, were dis- by the time one number had been issued honestly used by them in purchasing there would have been sufficient funds large tracts of land of which the natives to publish it for a year. It is hoped did not know the value. In some in- that arrangements will yet be perfected stances thousands of acres of land were for the carrying forward of this enter- obtained for simple articles of not more prise. than a pound's value. A contract once In company with Bro. Hare, I visited made by the Maories is ever afterward some of the Maories, and spoke to them held sacred by them, no matter how about the coming of the Lord, Bro. badly they have been wronged ; but aft- Hare acting as interpreter. They seemed er a time they realized the extent of perfectly joyous at the thought that Christ the injustice done them by the mission- would come to take them to himself. aries, and it was one of the causes of a They expressed the greatest thankful- .bitter war with the Europeans. ness, and would say, " Oh that I could 108 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. live to see him !" They manifest great amounted to over 8700. Resides this, regard for the Bible, and although a four hundred copies of "Great Contro- missionary would have no influence over versy," Vol. IV., have been sold in New them after attempting to purchase land Zealand, and nearly one thousand copies of them, they give their unbounded of "Thoughts on Daniel and the Reve- confidence to those who seem to be sin- lation" in Australia. More than a thou- gle-hearted in the work of saving souls. sand copies have been ordered. Six SUMMARY. hundred copies of the Bible Echo are- sent to Aukland, and three hundred cop- Our party left San Francisco for Aus- ies to other parts of New Zealand.. tralia, May 10, 1885. I reached San There are more than one hundred and Francisco on my return, April 18, 1886. twenty-five Sabbath-keepers in Austra- The expenses of our party to Australia, lia, and from forty to fifty in New Zea- and my expenses while there, amounted land. Of those who have embraced the to about $2000. The cost of our print- truth in Australia, three have given ing material, presses, and engine, was themselves to the work of God. In P222. The expense of the tent-meet- New Zealand, one has given himself en- ing during the season was between $400 tirely to the work, and one has gone to and $450. This was met by donations America to fit himself for greater use- from the new brethren in Australia. fulness, by obtaining a broader expe- The first three numbers of the Bible Echo rience in the work of the message cost $353. Our receipts for the same and a more complete knowledge of the. were $160, and the donations to the truth. publishing work, 8291. Our book sales S. N. HASKELL. REPORT OF MISSIONARY COUNCILS.

THE FIRST ORGANIZATION. This being the first meeting of the kind, it was made more an occasion DURING the visit of Eld. Haskell to of consultation and comparison of the Europe in 1882, the question was con- labors of the past than of recommen- sidered of having an organization which dation for future plans of work. A per- should bring together the workers of the manent organization was formed by the various missions as often as once each adoption of a constitution. Of this year, for consultation concerning the organization Eld. J. N. Andrews was general wants of the cause. It was be- chosen chairman ; EId. A. A. John, sec- lieved that an opportunity for comparison retary; and Charles M. Andrews, treas- of views between the workers of different urer. While the question of the relation localities, a free discussion of the plans of this organization to the various parts and methods adopted in the different of the work in Europe was referred to fields, and a general consultation and the General Conference for its recom- decision as to new methods which might mendation, the practical benefits gained be adopted, would prove of mutual from this first assembly were so evident advantage and profit to the work in the that the meeting recommended such various missions. Many of the workers convocations to be held at least annually, were largely isolated, deprived of the from that time forward. The delegates companionship of others of the same returned from this meeting feeling that faith during the year, and such an oppor- they had enjoyed a profitable occasion, tunity of Christian association and fellow- and that they could resume work in ship would be a privilege highly prized, their various fields with renewed cour- and a source of spiritual profit to those age. who might share in these annual convo- cations. Such a meeting was therefore THE COUNCIL OF 1884. appointed to be held at Basle, Switzer- land, Sept 14-47, under the supervision OWING to the extreme feebleness of the of Eld. Haskell. Eld. J. G. Matteson rep- chairman of the Council, Eld. J. N. An- resented the Scandinavian field, Elds. drews, the appointment which had been J. N. Loughborough and A. A. John, and made for its second session to convene Bro. Geo. R. Drew were present from in October, 1883, was withdrawn. The the English Mission, and there was a subsequent death of Eld. Andrews good representation of the leading breth- seemed to make it advisable not to renew ren in Switzerland. this appointment until the arrival of Eld. (109) 110 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

Butler, whose visit was recommended in harmony with the action of the General by the General Conference of that year. Conference held at Rome, N. Y., in December, 1882, and to meet the present existing wants The holding of this second session was of the mission fields, we recommend- therefore deferred until the close of Eld. 1. That Art. I. of the constitution be amend- Butler's visit to the various missions, ed so as to read: " This Council shall be and so was not held until May 28 to called the European Council of Seventh-day June 1, 1884. This meeting was also Adventist Missions." 2. That Art. IV. be amended so as to read: held in Basle, with a much larger and "The officers of the Council shall consist of more general representation of the fields an Executive Committee of three, a Secretary, in which the work had been com- a Treasurer, and a Missionary Board of three menced. The English field was rep- in each mission, whose chairman shall be a member of the Executive Committee of the resented by Elds. M. C. Wilcox, A. A. Council, these officers to be elected by the John, and J. H. Durland, Bro. Geo. R. Council at its annual meetings. These Mis- Drew, and Sister Jennie Thayer. The sionary Boards shall take supervision of the delegates from the Scandinavian Mission wants of the cause in their respective mission were Elds. J. G. Matteson, K. Brorsen, fields, and shall attend to the disbursement of funds under the counsel of the General Con- A. B. Oyen, and E. G. Olsen, and Bro. L. ference Committee, to whom they shall report Hansen. The Roumanian field was re- from time to time the condition and wants of presented by Bro. Thomas G. Asian, of their fields." Pitesti, Roumania ; and Italy, by Brn. A. It will be seen that the action of the Biglia and V. Guerini, of Naples. Elds. Council in the adoption of this report A. C. Bourdeau, D. T. Bourdeau, J. Erzen- was in itself an important step toward berger, and B. L. Whitney, and Brn. Albert more thorough system and organization and Ademar Vuilleumier, Oscar Roth, in the work in all the missions. The and other brethren and sisters connected appointment of a general executive with the Central European Mission, were committee of three, composed of breth- also present. After the temporary organ- ren selected from the different missions, ization of the meeting by the election of would serve to unite the work, and, so Eld. G. I. Butler chairman pro. tem., and far as possible, give all the benefit of the A. B. Oyen secretary pro. tem., the follow- experience which might be gained by ing order of exercises was adopted : A the workers in each field. This would religious meeting at 5 A. M., and business bring the best judgment of all our mis- •meetings at 9 A. M. and 4 P. M., the sionaries to bear upon the work to be remainder of the time to be devoted to done, while it would help all to feel committee work and consultation. This responsible for the advancement of the programme was followed throughout common cause. the meeting. The practical questions considered at One of the first questions which oc- this Council were numerous, and related cupied the attention of the meeting was to various phases of the work. The that of perfecting the organization ac- subject of education received much cording to the recommendations of the attention. The importance of schools General Conference, to which the matter and Institutes for the instruction of the had been referred. A committee ap- young, with a special view to qualifying pointed to consider this question pre- them for usefulness in the work, was sented the following report :— quite fully discussed. Every reason We most heartily indorse the constitution which can be urged in favor of de- drafted at the time of Bro. Haskell's visit; but nominational schools for our people in THE COUNCIL OF 1884. 111

America applies to the work here. Not schools, not only the studies required by law only are the public schools of Europe may be taught, but other instruction may be given calculated to guard our children from open to the same objection as are those the evil influences of the world and to culti- of America,—their tendency to worldly vate in them a love for the truth; therefore— influence, vice, and evil,—but in addition Resolved, That as soon as suitable teach- to this, fines and imprisonments are ers can be procured, and arrangements liable to be imposed upon those who made, schools be established in such fields and localities as the necessities of the case refuse to send their children to school may demand. on the Sabbath. At the same, time education is compulsory, so that, in Their recommendation concerning the many instances, the only means of matter of Institutes was as follows :— avoiding a conflict with the authorities That where there is a sufficient number of on the question of the Sabbath is to persons in any Conference or mission who provide private instruction, and this wish to enter into the work to warrant the holding of an Institute for the purpose of often involves greater expense than our giving instruction in the missionary and col- people in these countries are able to porter work, Bible readings, etc., the holding meet. The law makes provision for of such an Institute and the procuring of those who choose to educate their own instructors for the same, be left to the judg- children, allowing them this privilege ment and decision of the Executive Committee of the said Conference or mission. providing that the standard established for the public schools is maintained. The prospect of increased labor in These facts furnish abundant reason Italy and Roumania led to the appoint- for the establishment of denominational ment of a committee to consider the schools by our people. In such schools particular wants of the cause there. our children could be taught the regular These fields had not been directly con- branches required in the public schools, nected with the general work in Amer- and could also receive special instruc- ica, as no one from that country had tion in the Bible. Such were, in brief, been sent especially to labor in them ; the facts presented before the Council in but in view of the peculiar difficulties its discussion of this important ques- encountered in the work in these coun- tion. The special committee to which tries, it was, in the judgment of the this subject, together with that of the Council, highly important that so far as holding of Institutes, was referred, of- possible it might be moulded after the fered the following report, which was plans which had proved most efficient adopted:— in older fields. For this reason it was desirable that they should have the ex- Whereas, We feel it to be our duty, in view of the perilous times in which we live, perience of those who had labored in to use every means in our power to guard other parts of the work. The delibera- our children from the evils which surround tions of the committee were embodied us; and— in the following recommendations:- Whereas, The moral condition of society is such that in the public schools they are 1. That such fields as those in Roumania surrounded by influences which draw them and Italy, where there is no experienced away from the truth; and— laborer from America, but where there are Whereas, The laws of many countries in native Sabbath-keepers who wish to work in Europe are such that all children connected the cause, be placed under the supervision with the State or public schools are required of the Missionary Board of the Central Euro- to attend school on the Sabbath; and— pean Mission, and that those who can labor Whereas, By the establishment of proper for the advancement of the cause should do 112 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. so at such places and in such a manner as which occupied much of the attention shall be in harmony with the counsels of of the Council, was that of the establish- said Board. ment of a house of publication in the 2. That at least one experienced laborer be sent to each of these fields to labor with Central European Mission. A committee these brethren, helping them by instruction of eleven was appointed to thoroughly to gain an experience in the methods of labor canvass the expediency of renting a which have been found by past experience building for a term of years, of purchas- to be best calculated to build up the cause of present truth. ing one already built, or of erecting a 3. That Eld. A. C. Bourdeau go to Rou- new one. After having carefully exam- mania as soon as other duties will permit, to ined the matter, the committee re- labor with Bro. Thos. G. Asian to build up ported against either renting or pur- the work there, remaining as long as he may chasing the house already occupied by think advisable. 4. That the journals published in the Rou- the Mission, and not finding any other manian and Italian languages be continued building adapted to the publishing work, as quarterlies for the present. they decided on the purchase of a new 5. That Eld. D. T. Bourdeau visit Italy as building. The site which they secured soon as Bro. A. Biglia can arrange his affairs to labor in harmony with the plan of work- on the corner of Weiherweg and Ru- ing which our American brethren have found dolfstrasse, was one most admirably to be best calculated to build up the cause adapted for this purpose. Plans were of present truth, and that he labor with Bro. also prepared for the proposed building, Bourdeau as the wants of the cause demand. which were submitted to the General Resolutions were also adopted rec- Conference Committee with the recom- ommending the encouragement of such mendation of the Council that its erec- local laborers as gave promise of being tion be immediately commenced. useful, the importance of faithfulness The proposition for the formation of and promptness on the part of all in a Publishing Association for Central the payment of tithes and donations for Europe, after having been submitted to the support of the work, and the duty proper legal counsel, was discarded as of our ministers to faithfully present being impracticable. It was found that, the teaching of the Bible on the subject according to thO laws of Switzerland, it of Christian liberality. The importance would be a much more simple and easy of maintaining Bible simplicity and arrangement to leave the property in plainness in dress, and of avoiding the the hands of an association in America, marked tendency throughout Europe to to be managed by one or more per- attach undue importance to needless sons whom it should appoint as its rep- forms and ceremonies in the manner of resentatives here. The Council there- worship, was plainly set forth in reso- fore proposed that, should it be decided lutions, all of which were thoroughly to go forward with the erection of the and intelligently discussed before their new office, the General Conference ac- adoption. The free discussion of these cept the latter plan for the management practical questions with especial refer- of the publishing work in this Mission. ence to how they should be presented The officers of the Council elected for in the work in these countries, elicited the ensuing year were as follows : Exec- much valuable instruction as to the utive Committee, B. L. Whitney (chair- most practicable methods of labor in man), J. G. Matteson, M. C. Wilcox ; the European field. secretary, A. B. Oyen ; treasurer, Addie Among the important local questions S. Bowen. Missionary Boards : Central THE COUNCIL OF 1885. 113

European Mission, B. L. Whitney, D. T. this entire session was most excellent. Bourdeau, A. C. Bourdeau ; Scandina- Union, love, and harmony prevailed in vian Mission, J. G. Matteson, A. B. Oyen, all the deliberations, and the important E. G. Olsen ; English Mission, M. C. decisions which were reached were the Wilcox, A. A. John, J. H. Durland. result of much careful consultation and The following resolutions, inviting of earnest prayer for divine guidance. the visit of Mrs. E. G. White and Eld. For those who enjoyed this privilege W. C. White, expressing the gratitude of taking sweet counsel together, the of the Council for the visits of Elds. occasion was in a special sense one of S. N. Haskell and Geo. I. Butler, and spiritual refreshing, and some of the re- its sense of loss in the death of its re- sults of the deliberation of this impor- spected president, were unanimously tant meeting will be seen in the work as adopted by the Council. long as it shall continue. Whereas, Experience has taught us that the personal labors of our dear Sister White are in- valuable to the cause in accomplishing what her THE COUNCIL @F 1835. writings alone cannot accomplish ; and-- Whereas, Our European brethren feel the THE third session of the European greater need of these for having never been Council convened in the meeting-hall favored with them, and have a strong desire to see and hear Sister White; therefore— of the new publishing house at Basle, Resolved, That we extend to Sister White a Switzerland, Sept. 1541885. Though hearty and urgent invitation to visit the different but little more than hirear had passed fields in Europe as soon as practicable. Whereas, The publishing work in Europe has since the close of the previous session, in its growth reached a, point where it calls for this year had seen carried out the plans the labors of those of special experience in the recommended by the former Council work of printing; therefore— Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting concerning the publishing house for the that Bro. W. C. White . should soon come to Eu- Central European Mission. The large, ✓ope to render that assistance• in the publishing work that his experience qualifies him to bestow. well-arranged building to which the Whereas, The visit of Eld. S. N. Haskell to delegates were welcomed on this third Europe two years ago was a great blessing to visit to Basle, was in marked contrast the cause in this country, bringing about more earnestness and zeal in the work, and greater to the narrow, inconvenient tenement, liberality among the brethren; and- in an obscure part of the city, in which -Whereas, The present visit of Eld. Geo. I. Butler the first Council was held, and gave has been a source of encouragement to the breth- ✓en, and has served to more closely unite the evidence of the advancement which had hearts and sympathies of the workers in the been made since their first period of different fields of labor ; therefore— Resolved, That we express our gratitude to consultation. the General Conference for sending these la- In response to the cordial invitation borers, and that we extend to these brethren a of its previous session, seconded by the cordial invitation to visit us as often as they may have opportunity so to do. recommendation of the General Confer- Whereas, The Lord in his providence has ence, Mrs. E. G. White and Eld. W. C. permitted disease to remove from this life our White and his wife had made the jour- dear brother and president, Eld. J. N. Andrews, who has borne a prominent part in this last ney from the Pacific Coast to the Old message; therefore— World, and the brethren assembled at Resolved, That while we deeply mourn our loss, we submissively bow to this affliction, and this session enjoyed the privilege of try to show our appreciation of his valuable having among them these represent- services by faithfully and zealously carrying on atives of the work in America. The the work in which lie so earnestly labored. attendance was even more general than The spirit which prevailed during at the previous session, there being sev- 114 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. eral representatives from France in ad- structed to recommend the names of dition to those from other fields. The such as in the judgment of the Council meeting continued until Sept. 29,—four- should receive credentials and licenses teen days, —yet although of so much from the General Conference. longer duration than the previous ses- Several of the first meetings of the ses- sion, every day was filled with impor- sion were occupied with verbal reports tant business relating to the various from the laborers of the different mis- branches of the work in different fields. sions. These reports brought out inter- The length of time during which the esting statistics of the work in the various Council continued, permitted the intro- fields. Eld. Matteson spoke of Sweden as duction of some features in the regular one of the best fields of labor in Northern order of exercises which had not been Europe. A general interest was mani- before adopted. In addition to the fested by the people to hear the truth, early morning prayer and social meet- and as the result of a series of meetings in ing, a regular class for Bible study was Stockholm, over fifty souls were con- formed, which held one regular meeting verted. This Conference is composed of each day. A Bible reading conducted seven churches with 193 members, a in English, French, and German, was gain of 81 members since last year. also held daily, and each evening a There are, in addition to this number, 86 discourse, usually-r. on some practical scattered Sabbath-keepers, making in all subject, was given. In this manner, 279 believers who are fully united with while much time and thought were us in the truth. Colporters have good given to the affairs of the various mis- success laboring here. Two of these sions, and to the details of the work in and one minister have been employed its various phases, a good share of during the year. They have sold and the time was devoted to cultivating distributed during this time 426,400 the spiritual interests of the meeting, pages of reading matter, obtained 448 —a most essential branch of the work. subscriptions for our papers, and re- At the suggestion of Bro. White, an ceived $580 on sales and subscriptions. auditing committee was appointed to Eld. E. G. Olsen reported concerning examine the details of the accounts of his labors and the work in Norway. A those employed by the General Confer- church of twenty-one members had ence, in order to facilitate the work of been organized in the vicinity of Dram- the auditing committee of that body in men, and twenty-eight persons had been its final action. Many difficulties arise added to the church in Christiania. In in the work of this latter committee, the work of the colporters in the mission- on account of the different methods of ary society 500 subscriptions had been making the report of labor and expenses, obtained, 600,000 pages of reading and it was judged that a committee on matter had been given away, and about the ground could examine these details $400 received on sales and subscrip- much more readily than the committee tions. The publishing work in Chris- of the General Conference. tiania was reported to be in a prosper- The propriety of the Council recom- ous condition. The completion of the mending to the General Conference new office of publication will furnish those who should receive credentials increased facilities for the growth of and licenses in the various missions was this branch of the work. The office considered, and a committee was in- publishes at present a Danish Norwe-- THE COUNCIL OF 1885. 115 gian religious monthly, Tidernes Tegn, 8450. The tithes received during this a Swedish religious monthly, Sanningens period amount to 8388.58. During the Harold, and monthly health journals summer a tent-meeting had been held in the Danish-Norwegian and Swedish with good success, as the result of languages. The office also publishes which nine persons had embraced the forty-five different books and tracts in truth. the Danish-Norwegian, and fifteen in the The circulation of Present Truth has Swedish. made a favorable impression upon the In the Conference of Denmark, re- public mind ; but much more can be ported by Eld. K. Brorsen, there are done by circulating it by means of col- four ordained ministers, two licentiates, porters than by sending it through the nine churches, and 160 members. There mail. Eld. R. F. Andrews gave an ac- are besides ninety-eight Sabbath-keep- count of his labors in Northern Ireland, ers in this country. The tithe for the and Eld. A. A. John referred to his, ex- past year was 8400. perience in open-air meetings, recom- The following summary of the work mending this as an effective method of in the Scandinavian Mission was pre- presenting the truth before the people sented by Eld. J. G. Matteson : Number of England. of ministers, 7 ; licentiates, 7; colport- The Swiss Conference, as reported ers, 8 ; churches, 18 ; members, 514 ; by Eld. B. L. Whitney, has one ordained whole number of Sabbath-keepers, 698; minister, seven licentiates, ten churches, amount of tithes and donations, 82,- with 224 members. There are also 161.86 ; total number of subscriptions thirty-nine Sabbath-keepers in churches taken for our periodicals, 1,044; pages not as yet connected with the Confer- of reading matter sold and distributed, ence. The tithes paid in during the 1,041,400; received on sales and sub- eleven months of the year amount to scriptions, $1,033. 81,314.87, besides 8264.35 paid by the The condition of the work in the churches in Germany. The Missionary British Mission was presented by Eld. society has a membership of 113. Their S. H. Lane, who a few months before report of labor shows 137,039 pages of had become connected with the work tracts distributed, and 9,066 missionary in England, Eld. M. C. Wilcox, and Bro. visits. The donations since the organi- Geo. R. Drew. In his ship missionary zation of the society amount to 82,041.- work at Liverpool, Bro. Drew had sold 00. The Sabbath-school Association in- during the past eleven months, 301,000 cludes eleven schools, with 251 members. pages of books, for which he had re- The office of publication has pub- ceived 8750. He had visited, in doing lished during the year 131,000 copies this work, 2,216 vessels. Three other of the periodicals in the four languages colporters had been employed in the in which journals are issued, and the re- Mission for a portion of the time. They ceipts on the French and German pa- had received 249 subscriptions for pers are 81,010.00. The office publishes the Present Truth, and visited 3,453 thirty-one different tracts and pamphlets families. The office at Grimsby had in French, fourteen in German, and printed during eleven months 102,500 seven in Italian. copies of Present Truth, and received on In Pitesti, Roumania, according to the subscriptions and sales of their paper report of Bro. Thomas G. Asian, a about 8550. Received on other sales, church of fourteen members had been 116 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. organized by Eld. A. C. Bourdeau. The and Switzerland. He reported nine or Roumanian paper is well received, and ten persons in Western France as having seems to be accomplishing a good work, embraced the Sabbath, though they are though according to the judgment of the not as yet organized as a church. friends there, its efficiency would be Through these verbal reports the greatly increased if it could appear members of the Council were enabled oftener. in a measure to become familiar with Eld. D. T. Bourdeau reported his la- the situation of the work in the various bors in France and Italy. Three churches fields, and thus to enter more intel- had been organized with thirty-five ligently into the discussion of the im- members in France and Corsica, and portant questions which were presented two churches in Italy, at Naples and for the action of the Council. The Torre Pellice, of twenty-five members. members of the Council were requested Bro. A. Biglia, of Naples, had labored to offer in writing the practical questions particularly in the distribution of the upon which they desired information, Italian paper, and in correspondence these questions being referred by the with those who had become interested chairman to different individuals to be through reading it. By this means the answered. As these questions were truth is finding an entrance into many presented, general discussion was also towns of Southern Italy. Bro. John invited, and in this manner much prac- Geymet had been engaged in colporter tical information was gained on the work in the Vaudois Valleys. He had subject under consideration. Among sold about 22,000 pages of tracts, and these questions were the following :- given away 8,000. He spoke favorably 1. "Can tents be used to advantage in of that locality as one well adapted for Switzerland, Germany, France, England, French labor. and Northern Europe ?" The discussion The conditions of the work in the to which this question gave rise brought German field were presented by Eld. out the facts that, so far as known, James Erzenberger. In Germany relig- there are no laws in these countries to ious meetings cannot be held without hinder such meetings, unless perhaps it first giving notice to the authorities, may be the case in Switzerland. The dif- stating the time and place of the meet- ficulty and expense in obtaining suitable ing, and the subject to be presented. and respectable halls make the use of Unless this is done, one is liable to be tents desirable. The advantages of fined. When, however, these conditions tent-meetings over open-air meetings are complied with, the meeting is under were quite fully discussed, and many the protection of the authorities, and is strong reasons were advanced in favor not liable to be disturbed. Halls for of the former. It was thought that meetings are expensive, and it is difficult without doubt many difficulties would to obtain private rooms. At the same arise, but this should not stand in the time there is an immense Protestant way of making an effort in this direction. population in Germany, and encourag- Difficulties have been encountered in ing results have followed the labor this kind of work in America, and yet put forth among them. Colporters are at present scores of tents are being needed to prepare the way for public successfully used there. While in the effort by judicious distribution of our open-air meeting bat little if any op- publications. These colporters will have portunity is afforded for making the to obtain license of the authorities, the meeting self-sustaining, with a tent ef- expense of which will be about four fort the case is quite different, as the dollars for each license granted. people will often give of their means, Eld. A. C. Bourdeau had labored in Rou- and in other ways aid in the support of mania, Italy, Corsica, Western France, the tent company. • THE COUNCIL OF 1885. 117

During this discussion Sister White choice of joining the sanitary corps, in made some very important statements which a person is exempt from bearing in regard to the manner in which meet- arms; but even here the duties required ings should be held. There are serious are such as are not consistent with the objections to open-air meetings. In the proper observance of the Sabbath. The effort to hold the attention of the people, Council recommended that the Executive the vital forces of the one engaging in Committee prepare a circular setting this kind of labor are subjected to a forth the principles involved in this heavy strain. It is much more difficult question, and offering suggestions for to speak in the open air than in a tent, the instruction of our brethren. and the exposure of health and strength The question arose how to reach is much greater. Again, these meetings the traveling public, and whether it is are usually attended by a continually advisable to use distributers at places of changing class of people, so that there pleasure resort, and on the ocean steam- is no good opportunity for personal ers. The experience of our American labor. This kind of labor is absolutely brethren in placing such distributers in necessary in order to success in the stations, hotels, and public places, was work of winning souls to Christ. As cited in favor of an experiment in this he came in personal contact with those direction in Europe. A request was, for whom he labored, so his servants made by the Council to the International must labor personally for the people. Tract Society to furnish distributers on She expressed the belief that the use of the transatlantic steamers leaving Liv- tents is one of the very best methods erpool. of conducting a meeting, and that the On the subject of distribution of labor Lord would bless this kind of labor in the Council adopted resolutions recom- Europe. mending that Eld. A. C. Bourdeau locate As the result of the consideration of in the Waldensian Valleys, and devote this question, the Council recommended his principal efforts to the work in Italy the purchase of a second tent for En- and France ; that in view of the special gland, and one for use in Sweden the and urgent demand for labor in various coming season ; that the Swiss Confer- localities in the Italian field, Bro. A. ence purchase two tents, one for the Biglia be recommended not to confine French and one for the German work; his labors to Naples, but to devote the and that the General Conference be greater portion of his time to new requested to furnish a tent for use in fields ; that Bro. Thomas G. Asian spend Italy. six months or a year in Italy, laboring 2. "Would it be profitable to illustrate with Bro. Geymet ; that a Scandinavian our papers ?" The opinion prevailing laborer be selected to assist Bro. Drew that well-executed, instructive illustra- in his work at Liverpool; and that the tions would add greatly to the circula- General Conference be requested to send tion, and thus to the efficiency, of our a German laborer to join Bro. Erzenber- periodicals, it was recommended that, ger in the German field. so far as consistent, the European jour- Resolutions were also adopted ex- nals be illustrated. pressing continued confidence in the 3. " Should we bear arms or serve in gift of prophecy which God has merci- the army ? If so, is it lawful to serve fully placed among his remnant people, on the Sabbath ?" Military service is and pledging a renewed endeavor to compulsory in Switzerland, Germany, show true appreciation of the same by France, and Italy. The period of serv- prayerfully carrying out its instruction. ice varies in the different countries, in Among the resolutions relating di- some being as long as three years. In rectly to the policy of the work in the Switzerland, Sabbath-keepers have the different missions was one setting forth. 118 _HISTORICAL SKETCHES. the "duty of our ministers to encourage and extended a cordial invitation to and educate young persons to become them to visit all the missions, and to successful canvassers and colporters, by spend as much time in Europe as their holding Institutes, and by connecting other duties would permit. them with tent labor and other work The following officers were elected where it may be deemed advisable, thus for the ensuing year: Executive Com- helping them to obtain the necessary mittee, B. L. Whitney (chairman), J. G. qualifications for this work." It was Matteson, S. H. Lane; secretary, A. B. recommended that an Institute of three Oyen; treasurer, Addie S. Bowen; Mis- or four weeks' duration be held at Great sion Boards : Central European Mission, Grimsby, England, for the purpose of B. L. Whitney, A. C. Bourdeau, D. T. giving instruction to canvassers and Bourdeau ; British Mission, S. H. Lane, colporters. M. C. Wilcox, R. F. Andrews ; Scandi- The Scandinavian brethren of Amer- navian Mission, J. G. Matteson, A. B. ica were invited to become subscribers Oyen, if. G. Olsen. to the health journals published at At its eighteenth meeting, held Sept. Christiania, and to aid in their circulation 28, the Committee on Resolutions pre- among the Scandinavians in that coun- sented the following, which was unan- try. The Executive Committee of the imously adopted :— Council was requested to prepare peti- Resolved, That the report of the Council, tions to the Swiss government that the the financial and statistical report of the Eu- children of Sabbath-keepers be exempt ropean missions, with the report of Sister White's morning talks and a sketch of her from attending the public schools on the visit to the missions, be published in a large- Sabbath; and also to prepare tracts and page pamphlet in the English language, that leaflets to be distributed by those who our brethren in America may share the bless- circulate these petitions. ing of this good meeting. Resolutions were adopted embodying Although the Council continued so the judgment of the Council as to the long a time in session, the interest in relation of the laborers to the offices of its proceedings did not flag, and an publication, recommending that definite earnest desire was manifested on the orders be given for all publications part of all to become more thoroughly desired, that a prompt settlement of intelligent and efficient in the great work accounts be made with these offices of extending a knowledge of the present - at least once each quarter, and that all truth in Europe. The morning talks of book accounts be settled before or in Sister White were one of the specially connection with the settlement for their interesting features of this annual con- labor. The Conference Committees, or vocation, and were the means of im- Mission Boards, were recommended to parting much precious instruction con- inform all laborers to what extent the cerning the practical work of those who free distribution of our publications were here convened. The session of should be carried, and to instruct them the European Council of 1885 will re- to include what they spend in this way main in the memories of those who en- in their annual report. joyed its privileges as an occasion of The Council expressed by vote its practical instruction, spiritual refreshing, appreciation of the labors and counsel and encouragement to future faithfulness

DELIVERED BY MRS. E. G. WHITE TO THE SWISS CONFERENCE AND THE EUROPEAN MISSIONARY COUNCIL HELD AT BASLE IN SEPTEMBER, 1880.

LOVE AND FORBEARANCE AMONG order to prevent the friction that may BRETHREN. arise between us and those for whom we labor. Then, having not only the DEAR BRETHREN AND SISTERS: I am arguments of truth but the oil of grace, indeed thankful for this privilege of we can bear the message with power. meeting with those who are laboring to Prejudice will be broken down, and a spread the light of truth in the various great work will be accomplished. "With- countries of Europe. It is a grand, a noble out me," says Christ, "ye can do noth- work, and one which should call forth ing." The branch cannot bear fruit ex- every energy of the being. As laborers cept it abide in the vine; neither can for God, we need a more sacred near- we except we abide in Christ. ness to him, and a closer fellowship with If the love of Jesus is cherished in the one another, that our prayers and ef- heart, it will be seen in the labors; the forts may not be hindered. We must will and the manners will be brought not expect in our own strength to meet under the moulding influence of the Holy and press through the moral darkness Spirit. In the prayer of Christ just be- that is in the world; but we must per- fore his crucifixion, he said, "And for severingly labor for that strength which their sakes I sanctify myself, that they is found alone in Jesus. He loves us, also might be sanctified through the and those who labor in his spirit will truth." The teacher of the people must realize his assistance in all their efforts. be an example to the flock of God in all It is impossible, even with the strong meekness, patience, forbearance, and arguments of truth, to reach the hearts love. Be is, in a special sense, a living of men, unless there is, united with epistle, "known and read of all men." these arguments, a divine power. How important, then, that the sanctify- A machine may be perfect in all its ing power of the truth be seen in his parts, and yet there be much friction character. and wear in its movements; but apply The minister of God must first drink oil, and it performs its work quietly and of the living fountain himself if he would well. So with us. It is necessary to firmly and intelligently lead others to have the oil of grace in our hearts, in that fountain. If he would present those (119) 120 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. for whom he labors, perfect in Christ, holds of Satan tremble. Ministers who he must himself be perfect. Divine walk with God are clad with the pano- power alone will reach and melt the sin- ply of heaven, and victory will attend ner's heart, and bring him, a penitent, their efforts. to Christ. Neither Luther, Melancthon, Those who are engaged in the great VVesley, Whitefield, nor any other great and solemn work of warning the world, reformer and teacher, could of himself should not only have an individual ex- have gained such access to hearts as to perience in the things of God, but they accomplish the work that these men ac- should cultivate love for one another, complished. But God spoke through and should labor to be of one mind, of them. Men felt the influence of a supe- one judgment, to see eye to eye. The rior power, and involuntarily yielded to absence of this love greatly pleases our it. wily foe. He is the author of envy, God calls upon those who arc lifting jealousy, hatred, and dissension; and he up the standard of truth before others to rejoices to see these vile weeds choke themselves exemplify its precepts in out love, that tender plant of heavenly their daily life. Such a course would growth. charm into believing many who have It does not please God to have his entrenched themselves behind the breast- servants censure, criticise, and condemn works of infidelity. The influence of a one another. He has given them a spe- true Christian character is like a cheer- cial work, that of standing in defense of ing ray of sunlight that pierces to the truth. They are his workmen ; all should remotest corner the darkness into which respect them, and they should respect it is allowed to enter. The light ema- one another. In the army, officers are nating from the example of the Christian required to respect their fellow-officers, minister should not be fitful and uncer- and the privates soon learn the lesson. tain, like the flash of a meteor, but it When the leaders of the people in the should have the calm, steady radiance Christian warfare are kind and forbear- of the heavenly stars. ing, and manifest a special love and re- The true minister of Christ should be gard for their co-laborers, they teach encircled by an atmosphere of spiritual others to do the same. light, because he is connected with the The reputation of a fellow-laborer is world of light, and walks with Christ, to be sacredly guarded. If one sees who is the light of the world. Argu- faults in another, he is not to magnify ments may be resisted, persuasion and them before others, and make them entreaty may be scorned, the most elo- grievous sins. They may be errors of quent appeals, supported by the rigor judgment, that God will give divine grace of logic, may be disregarded; but a liv- to overcome. If he had seen that an- ing character of righteousness, a daily gels, who are perfect, would have done piety in the walks of life, an anxiety for the work for the fallen race better than the sinner wherever found, the spirit of men, he would have committed it to truth burning in the heart, beaming them. But instead of this he sent the from the countenance, and breathing needed assistance by poor, weak, erring from the lips in every word, constitute mortals, who, having like infirmities as a sermon which is hard to resist or to their fellow-men, are best prepared to set aside, and which makes the strong- help them. PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 121.

There was Peter, who denied his MANNER OF PRESENTING THE TRUTH. Lord. After he had fallen and been converted, Jesus said to him, "Feed my THOSE who labor in word and doc- lambs." Before Peter's feet slipped, he trine have a great work before them to had not the spirit of meekness required tear from the minds of those for whom to feed the lambs; but after he became they labor the fatal deceptions of Satan, sensible of his own weakness, he knew and to impress them with the impor- just how to teach the erring and fallen; tance of aiming to reach God's great he could come close to their side in ten- standard of righteousness. They should der sympathy, and could help them. pray earnestly for divine enlightenment, In beginning missionary work in new and for wisdom to present the truth as fields, a great mistake is often made in it is in Jesus. Sympathy, tenderness, not calling into exercise all the talents and love, woven into their discourses that might be employed in the work. and manifested in their lives, would dis- Sometimes those who have excellent arm opposition, weaken prejudice, and ability make great mistakes when they open the way to many hearts. begin to work; but are they to be It is to be regretted that many do not dropped because of this? No, indeed. realize that the manner in which Bible Let them be patiently, perseveringly ed- truth is presented has much to do with ucated and trained, and in nine cases out the impressions made upon minds, and of ten they will become useful workers. with the Christian character afterward My brethren in the ministry, I entreat developed by those who receive the of you to be just as kind and forbearing truth. Instead of imitating Christ in his toward those who are new in the faith, manner of labor, many are severe, crit- as you wanted others to be toward you ical, and dictatorial. They repulse in- when you first came to the knowledge stead of winning souls. Such will never of the truth. In meekness and love know how many weak ones their harsh teach them to bear responsibilities, and words have wounded and discouraged. to labor for others. Jesus loves them Christ came to break the yoke from just as much as he does you, and is just off the necks of the oppressed, to i as willing to help them if they will learn strengthen the weak, to comfort those 1 to trust in him. If you see imperfections who mourn, to set at liberty those who in them, do not discourage them and are bound, and to bind up the broken- drive them from the truth by manifest- hearted. The servants of Christ are to ing an overbearing, critical spirit. This take the work where he left it when he is not the spirit of Christ. What does ascended, and carry it forward in his God say? "Come now, and let us rea- name. But it is Satan's constant aim to son together." He does not say, You so shape circumstances that the workers are defective, and I will have nothing will become disconnected from God, and to do with you. "Though your sins be labor in their own spirit and in their as scarlet, they shall be as white as own strength. snow; though they be red like crimson, Our ministers need More of the wis- they shall be as wool. If ye be will- dom that Paul had. When he went to ing and obedient, ye shall eat the good labor for the Jews, he did not first make I. of the land." prominent the birth, betrayal, crucifix- Wednesday morning, Sept. 16. ion, and resurrection of Christ, not 9 122 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. withstanding these were the special the meekness of simplicity, remembering truths for that time. He first brought that it is not your words but the word them down step by step over the prom- of God which-ls-te-cut its way tothe ises that had been made of a Saviour, heart. There is danger, even iii laboi'- and over the prophecies that pointed ing among our churches, of leaving him out. After dwelling upon these the great principles of truth and dwell- until the specifications were distinct in ing too much upon small, unimportant the minds of all, and they knew that matters that create a fault-finding spirit they were to have a Saviour, he then among brethren. There are always those presented the fact that this Saviour had in the church and out who have not the already come. Christ Jesus fulfilled love of Jesus in their souls, and who every specification. This was the "guile" have, in the place of true religion, a ti with which Paul caught souls. He pre- criticising, exacting spirit, a desire to sented the truth in such a manner that find something to condemn in their their former prejudice did not arise to brethren and sisters. Such ones grasp blind their eyes and pervert their judg- eagerly at this kind of labor ; but they ment. do more harm than good, and should ""-Brethren, you who go forth to labor not be encouraged. for those who are bound in chains of The third angel's message is infallible. prejudice and ignorance, need to exer- Upon the grand, ennobling truths con- cise the same divine wisdom that Paul nected with that message you can dwell manifested. When you are laboring in with perfect safety. Labor intelligently a place where souls are just beginning to encourage union of faith and union to get the scales from their eyes, and to of judgment, that all may be united in see men as trees walking, be very care- the bonds of Christian fellowship and ful not to present the truth in such a love ; but do not belittle the work of way as to arouse prejudice, and to close God with ideas and notions of your the door of the heart to the truth. Agree own. Let not your ears listen to gossir with the people on every point where from any one. If all would refuse to you can consistently do so. Let them hear evil of their neighbor, the tale- see that you love their souls, and want bearer would soon seek other employ- to be in harmony with them so far as ment. possible. If the love of Christ is re- Do not encourage a class who center vealed in all your efforts, you will be their religion in dress. Let each one able to sow the seed of truth in some study the plain teachings of the Script- hearts; God will water the seed sown, ures as to simplicity and plainness of and the truth will spring up and bear dress, and by faithful obedience to those fruit to his glory. teachings strive to set a worthy example Oh that I could impress upon all the to the world and to those new in the necessity of laboring in the spirit of faith. God does not want any one per- Jesus ; for I have been shown that souls son to be conscience for another. Talk here in Europe have been turned away of the love and humility of Jesus ; but from the truth because of a lack of tact do not encourage the brethren and sis- and skill in presenting it. In kindness ters to engage in picking flaws in the and love seek to instruct those who dress or appearance of one another. oppose you. Preach the truth with Some take delight in this work; and when PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 123 their minds are turned in this direction, harmony with the teaching of the apos- they begin to feel that they must become tle Paul, who says: "Wherefore, if meat church tinkers. They climb upon the make my brother to offend, I will eat no judgment seat, and as soon as they see flesh while the world standeth, lest I one of their brethren or sisters, they look make my brother to offend." to find something to criticise. This is one All the religion many have is to pick of the most effectual means of becoming flaws. I once knew a lady whose relig- narrow-minded, and of dwarfing spirit- ion was of just this character, and in ual growth. God would have them her family she was so overbearing that step down from the judgment seat ; for they could hardly live with her. A tent- he has never placed them there. I speak meeting was held near the place where thus plainly because I know your danger she lived, but instead of taking hold to in this country. Already souls have help those who were laboring very hard become discouraged and given up the in the meetings, or to receive help truth because of this spirit manifested herself, this woman stood back to criti- toward them. cise. On returning to the house one When the subject of dress is dwelt day, I found her searching my trunk to upon explicitly, there are some who feel see if there was not some article of cloth- all the burden over it that they ought ing in it that she could condemn. We to feel for a soul balancing between life shall ever have just such people to deal and death. I once attended a meeting with in this world. But if we do not where this spirit existed. There was enter too much into particulars, they the most solemn interest that I ever will have no excuse for indulging their saw. Seventy-five were baptized before natural disposition. It is a marvel to the meeting closed. After speaking to me what patience the Lord has with the crowd in public, I labored for the such crooked material. But he has or- youth privately, talking and praying dained that by the clear presentation of with them as they came to my tent. truth all can be brought into love and Many were greatly blessed ; but there harmony. was a company on the ground who had There are few of my brethren and no burden. I could hear their idle con- sisters who maintain plainness of dress versation, their trifling laugh, while ago- as I do. My writings are pointed on this nizing prayer was being offered for the subject; but I do not carry it in the unconverted. In the height of the in- front. It is not to be made of greater terest, one of this number came to me importance than the solemn, testing and said that some were in trial because truths for this time. There is in the Sister White wore gold . Some time very composition of some a criticising before, I had received a present of a little spirit, and this they cultivate as a pre- open-faced, gold watch. It was very an- cious acquisition. cient in appearance, and certainly never We must present the principles of would have been worn for its beauty. I truth, and let them work upon the carried it because it was a good time- hearts of the people. We may pick the keeper. But in order to avoid all occa- leaves from a tree as often as we please, sion for any to stumble, I sold the but this will not cause the tree to die ; watch, and I would recommend that the next season the leaves will come others follow a similar course. This is in out again as thick as before. But strike 124 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. the ax at the root of the tree, and not gaged in proclaiming the last solemn, only will the leaves fall off of them- message to a dying world seek to fulfill selves, but the tree will die. Those who this scripture. Although possessing dif- accept the truth, in the love of it, will ferent temperaments and dispositions, die to the world, and will become meek they will see eye to eye in all matters and lowly in heart like their divine Lord. of religious belief. They will speak the ,,gust as soon as the heart is right, the same things ; they will have the same dress, the conversation, the life, will be judgment; they will be one in Christ in harmony with the word of God. Jesus. We all need to humble ourselves un- We are here to-day to compare ideas der the mighty hand of God. May he and to form plans so that all may labor help us to plant our feet firmly upon the in harmony. No one should feel that platform of eternal truth. Give God a his judgment is faultless, that his ideas chance to impress hearts, brethren, and are above criticism, and that he can you will find that a wholesome impres- pursue a course of his own, regardless sion will be left upon the minds both of of the opinions of others with whom he church members and of outsiders. May is united in labor. When we think we God help you to exercise reason in the know all that is worth knowing, we are work of saving souls. Let the people, in a position where God cannot use us. hear through you the voice, of God, not„ The third angel's message is not a nar- the voice of man, Let God's mould be row message. It is world-wide ; and placed upon the work, and not the we should be united, so far as possible, mould of man. Take to yourselves the in the manner of presenting it to the exhortation of the apostle Paul to Timo- world. thy, "Preach the word; be instant in Man is fallible ; but the message is in- season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, fallible. With it all should be in har- exhort with all long-suffering and doc- mony ; it is the center of interest, in trine." which all hearts should be united. We Thursday morning, Sept. 17. may get up points that are of no conse- quence, and seek to maintain them ; but we shall gain no strength by so doing. UNITY AMONG LABORERS. The message is to prepare a people to "Wno is a wise man and endued with know- stand in the last great day, and to be ledge among you ? let him show out of a good united in heaven above. None should conversation his works with meekness of wisdom. feel that it is of no .special importance But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, an& lie not against the truth. whether they are in union with their This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is brethren or not; for those who do net earthly, sensual, devilish. For where envying and strife is, there is confusion and every evil learn to live in harmony here will never work. But the wisdom that is from above is be united in heaven. first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be "And he gave some, apostles ; and entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. And the fruit some, prophets ; and some, evangelists ; of righteousness is sown and peace of them that and some, pastors and teachers; for the make peace." Jas. 3 :13-18. perfecting of the saints, for the work of The principle here laid down is the the ministry, for the edifying of the body. natural outgrowth of the Christian relig- of Christ ; till we all come in the unity ion. Especially will those who are en- of the faith, and of the knowledge of the PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 125

'Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto fore they try to excite jealousies, to the measure of the stature of the fullness create variance, among brethren, that of Christ." God is seeking through his they may be led to separate their affec- prophets and apostles to make us per- tions from God and from one another. fect; but if we would become perfect In unity there is strength. In Luther's men and women in Christ, we must time it was considered a great misfor- " come in the unity of the faith." tune when differences arose among the Some have a natural independence believers, because it strengthened the which leads them to think more highly opposition of their enemies. There was of their own judgment than of that of a time when the Reformation was carry- their brethren. In so doing they place ing everything before it, and if the lead- themselves where they fail to obtain ers had been united, it would have much knowledge that God would have been, through God, a still more power- them gain. The history of God's work ful agent for the pulling down of the, in the past shows that some have an strongholds of Satan ; but variance arose understanding of one thing, others of among them, and the enemies of truth another. It is his plan that there should greatly rejoiced. be a counseling together. In the mul- Even so Satan will come in among us, titude of counselors there is safety. and sow discord if he can. How shall There should be harmony in sentiment we resist him ? By each cultivating love and action among the workers. Doc- and forbearance in his own heart toward trines and plans should be compared his brethren. If you see that one of with the law and the testimony. We your brethren is in fault, do not turn should never feel too independent to from him, and speak against him; but learn of one another. While it is not ac- see how much good you can do him cording to God's plan that one man's by treating him tenderly. Instead of mind shall control all other minds, he is allowing selfish feelings to arise, and not pleased to have individuals strike seeking to preserve personal dignity, let out on a new track, and present new self drop out of sight. Jesus with his theories independent of the body. Jong human arm encircles the fallen As ministers, as the church of Christ, race and seeks to connect them with labor to be in harmony among your- throne of the Infinite. This is the work selves, to be one in heart, one in sympa- that you should be engaged in. Do not thy. If you cannot all see alike en every disappoint Jesus by your dissensions. subject, do not allow hard feelings_ to Even though you think you are right, arise. When the cause was young, if you are not to urge your individual there was one who did not view some ideas to the front, so that they will cause point of truth as the body viewed it, a discord. Do not take the position that day of fasting and prayer was observed. you cannot err. All are liable to make We did not then try to see how far apart mistakes; all need to anoint their eyes we could get ; but we prayed, and with the eye-salve spoken of by the searched the Scriptures, until the light True Witness, that they may see them- of truth illuminated the darkened mind, selves as they are in God's sight. and all could see eye to eye. Here are two brethren laboring to- The truth is a unit, so powerful that gether. Will these brethren, if the spirit our enemies cannot controvert it. There- of Christ reigns in their hearts, be found 126 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. warring against each other? Will they characters ; but we shall strive earnestly cherish envy, evil surmisings, and hard to overcome them. Our eyes will be' feelings against each other ? Impossible. fixed upon Jesus, and we shall learn Neither one will possess exalted views of from him to dwell in love and harmony himself while he undervalues his brother. with one another here, and shall finally Each will esteem the other better than be permitted to dwell with Christ and himself. "A new commandment I give angels and all the redeemed throughout unto you, That ye love one another ; as the ceaseless ages-of eternity. I have loved you, that ye also -love one Friday morning, Sept. 18. another. By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another. " The love here spoken COURAGE AND PERSEVERANCE IN of is not that sentimentalism, that low THE MINISTRY. order of love, that attracts the affections WHEN Jesus sent his disciples forth from Christ and places them upon one to labor, he sent them two and two, another. The love here described is that they might be a help and strength pure ; it arises from having the affec- to each other, and stand more courager tions centered upon Jesus, making him ously in defense of truth, They-dia- first, and last, and best in everything. feel as some do now, that they would Brethren, it is your privilege to carry rather work alone than have any one with you the credentials that you are with them who did not labor just as Christ's,—love, joy, and peace. Will you they labored. Our Saviour understood seek earnestly to have this heavenly what ones to associate together. He plant of love become rooted in your did not connect with the mild, beloved hearts, and then will you tenderly cher- John one of the same temperament; ish it lest it wither and die ? Let Christ but he connected with him the ardent, appear. Do not cherish a spirit of in- impulsive Peter. These two men were dependence which will lead you to feel not alike either in their disposition or that if your brethren do not agree with in their manner of labor. Peter was you they must be wrong. The opinions prompt and zealous in action, bold and of your brethren are just as precious to uncompromising, and would often wound; them as yours are to you. Christ in you John was ever calm, and considerate of will unite you to Christ in them, and others' feelings, and would come after to there will be a sweet spirit of union. bind up and encourage. Thus the de- Jesus is ready to cl.cegreat things_for fects in one were partially covered by us when we Jayeurselves upon the al- the virtues in the other. tar, a _living, consuming sacrifice, "I God never designed that, as a rule, will make a man more precious than his servants should go out singly to fine gold ; even a man than the golden labor. To illustrate: Here are two wedge of Ophir." How ? Through the brothers. They are not of the same :Spirit of Christ. It is through the infinite temperament; their minds do not run sacrifice of Christ that this high estimate in the same channel. One is in danger has been placed upon man. When we of doing too much; the other fails to have his spirit in our hearts, we shall carry the burdens that he should. If be of one mind in him. We shall not associated together, these might have a then seek to cover up the defects in our moulding influence upon each other, so / PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 127 that the extremes in their characters importance, and demands his immediate would not stand out so prominent in presence. The eye of the worker not their labors. It might not be necessary being single to the glory of God, he for them to be together in every meet- leaves the work unfinished, and rushes ing ; but they could labor in places ten, home. He may be kept away for days fifteen, or even thirty miles apart,— and even weeks, and his former work near enough together, however, so that becomes raveled and tangled. Stitch if one came to a crisis in his labors, he after stitch is dropped, never to be taken could call on the other for assistance. up again. This pleases the enemy. And They should also come together as often when he sees that he is successful in as possible for prayer and consultation. making temporal matters supreme in the Although different in temperament, they mind of this person, he gives him his are one in faith, one in purpose, and can hands full of trouble. He at once be- claim the promise of Christ to his dis- gins to manufacture home difficulties, so ciples, "If two of you shall agree on as to entangle his mind, and, if possible, earth as touching anything that they to keep him away from the work alto- shall ask, it shall be done for them of gether. my Father which is in heaven." God designs that the interest of the When one labors alone continually, workers shall be absorbed in his will. he is apt to think that his way is above He says: "I will make a man more criticism, and he feels no particular de- precious than fine gold; even a man sire to have any one labor with him. than the golden wedge of Ophir." A But it is Christ's plan that some one soul is of more value than all the world; should stand right by his side, so that and to let things of a temporal nature the work shall not be moulded entirely come in between us and the work of by one man's mind, and so that his de- saving souls is displeasing to the God of fects of character shall not be regarded heaven. As a people, we have as yet as virtues by himself or by those who scarcely begun to realize the impor- hear him. tance of the work intrusted to us. Oh Unless a speaker has one by his side that the servants of God might have a with wham he can share the labor, he new touch from his divine power! Oh will many times be placed in circum- that they had more faith to prevail with stances where he will be obliged to do God in prayer, and more, far more, violence to the laws of life and health. earnestness and perseverance in their Then, again, important things some- labors! times transpire to call him away right When souls are deciding for or against in the crisis of an interest. If two are the truth, do not, I beseech you, allow connected in labor, the work at such yourselves to be drawn away from your times need not be left alone. field of labor. Do not abandon it to the_ It is Satan's regular employment to enemy, I might say, even if one lay hinder the work of God, and to work dead in your house. Christ said, "Fol- for the destruction of the race. Fre- low me; and let the dead bury their quently when the interest in a certain dead." If you could only see the im- locality is at its height, he makes it ap- portance of the work as it has been pear to the mind of the worker that presented to me, the paralysis that is some trifling matter at home is of great upon many would be shaken off, and 128 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

there would be a rising from the dead your circumstances are such that you and a coming to life through Jesus cannot give yourselves wholly to the Christ. work. It is not God who lays upon you Christ meant something when he this burden. He has given you reason, said, "And every one that hath forsaken and he wants you to use it. He would houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, not have you arrange things at home so or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, that when you go out to labor your for my name's sake, shall receive an minds will .be continually upon your hundred-fold, and shall inherit everlast- families. Before you make any move ing life." He intended to impress upon with reference to your families, he would us the fact that we must make eternal have you consider carefully whether things of first in5051fanee,and—So relate you are piling up burdens that will hin- our—selves to _the cause and work ofAosl _ der you from engaging in his work. that we shall not be hindered by things I have felt sad as I have heard different of a temporal nature. Everything of individuals tell how difficult it was for this character must come in secondary. them to give themselves to the work of The armor of God, once put on, is not God. They do not like to consider the to be laid off for slight excuses. steps that they have taken to place What we need now is untiring energy themselves in this position. If God and perseverance, so that we will not should work a miracle to bring them be broken off from the work by difficul- out of this position, they would go right ties and home perplexities. If we do to work to bring about another similar allow our interest to be thus separated,, state of things. Such do not feel the the enemy will understand it, and he, necessity of counseling with God; they" will make trouble right in :Our families prefer to follow their own inclination to draw us away from the work. But and judgment. if we firmly take our stand as God's Some have made it a point never to workmen, saying, "The Lord has given let temporal matters come between them us a message, and we cannot be faithful and the work of God, and they have watchmen unless we stand at our post lost rich in consequence of this. But of duty; we will carry the work through what of that? What are temporal things at all hazards," then we shall find that when compared with the eternal? We angels of God will minister to our house- have enlisted in the army of the Lord, holds at home, and will say to the ene- and now let none of us create such a my, "Stand back." It is a great and condition of things that we shall have solemn work in which we are engaged, to desert it. and God will help us to carry it forward, I appeal to you, my brethren in the if we learn to rely wholly upon him. ministry. Connect yourselves more close- — Oh, my brethren, put on the whole ly with the work of God. Many souls armor of God, and move with wisdom that might be saved, will be lost, unless and intelligence. Do not work weeks you strive more earnestly to make your and months to bring around a condition work as perfect as possible. There is a of things that will bind you hand and great work to be done in Europe. It foot so that you cannot engage in the may seem to move slowly and hard at warfare as bold soldiers of Jesus Christ, first; but God will work mightily through and then mourn and complain because you if you will only make an entire sur- PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 129 render to him. Much of the time you THE CHRISTIAN'S STRENGTH. will have to walk by faith, not by feel- ing. "-WITH the heart man believeth unto right- eousness ; and with the mouth confession is I do not know but all present have made unto salvation." Rom. 10: 10. infirmities of some kind upon them. If so, do not gratify the enemy by stand- According to this, there is something ing in the desk and telling of those in- to believe, also something to confess. firmities; but talk of the mighty power The heart must first accept the truth as of Christ to bless all who come unto it is in Jesus. This is the foundation of him. Jesus lives. Move out by faith, true religion. Conviction of sin then and claim the promises of God. Do begins to be felt; the sin-sick soul, feel- you not remember the woman that came ing his need of a physician, comes to behind Jesus and touched the hem of Jesus of Nazareth for pardon. Taking his garment and was made whole? up the warfare against the enemy, -he Hers is the kind of faith that you need. looks to Jesus for strength to resist Many have the casual touch, but there temptation. He watches unto prayer, are few who are closely connected with and searches the Scriptures. The truths Christ by living faith. of the Bible are seen in a new and in- Wherever you are, however trying tensely interesting light, and the Spirit your circumstances, do not talk discour- of God opens to him their solemn im- agement. The Bible is full of rich portance. He studies the life of Christ, promises. Can you not believe them? and the more clearly he discerns the When we go out to labor for souls, God spotless purity of the Saviour's character, does not want us to go a warfare at our the less confidence he has in his own own charges. What does this mean? goodness; the more steadily and closely It means that we need not go in our he views Jesus, the less he ,kliscovers of own strength, for God has pledged his perfection in himself. His self-righteous- word that he will go with us. ness disappears, and he falls, all helpless As workers, let us seek the Lord to- and broken, upon the Rock, Christ Jesus. gether. Of our own selves we can do He will be sorely pressed by the tempter, nothing; but through Christ we can do and at times may have feelings of dis- all things. God intends that we shall couragement, and be tempted to think be a help and blessing to one another, that God will not accept him; but, taking and that we shall be strong in the Lord God at his word, and pleading his sure and in the power of his might. In the promises, he presses through the dark- hour of our deepest trial, Jesus will be ness into the clear sunlight of Christ's, our "bright and morning star." There love. is in_ life much sorrow of our own creat- "And with the mouth confession is ing. Satan works up distrust and dis- made unto salvation." If the heart is couragement. But God lives and reigns; indeed the treasure-house of grace and and he will give us all the help we need. the love of Christ, these will be ex- It is our privilege at all times to draw pressed in the words and deportment. strength and encouragement from his There will be a constant attraction to blessed promise, "My grace is sufficient Christ. All will be tested; hence the for you." need of divine grace, and of sound re- Monday morning, Sept. 21. ligious faith and principles. The lips 130 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. should be sanctified, that the words turn every apparent defeat into a vie- spoken may be few and well chosen. t2E_y,_ Satan willcontend for our souls Oftentimes professed Christians bring every step of the way; but if we look upon themselves great spiritual weal- ever to Jesus, our present help in every ness by dwelling upon their trials and time of need, he will lift up for us a grievances. Not only does the matter standard against the enemy. Instead of become magnified by every repetition, complaining at every difficulty, we are but they as surely separate from Jesus to fight the good fight of faith, enduring as they allow themselves to transgress hardness as good soldiers of the cross in this particular. Satan seeks to draw of Christ. The wounds and scars of their attention to themselves, and to our warfare will be to us, as to Paul, fasten upon them the idea that they are the trophies of victory. not appreciated. They begin to pity I feel so thankful this morning that and sympathize with themselves, and to we can commit the keeping of our souls lose faith and confidence in Jesus; and to God as unto a faithful Creator. as the result they walk apart from him Sometimes the enemy presses me the who asks them to cast their burdens hardest with his temptations and dark- upon him. ness when I am about to speak to the To such we would say, Recount what people. I have such a sense of weak- God has done for you. Tell Satan that ness that it seems like an impossibility you do not trust in your own righteous- to stand before the congregation. But ness, but in the righteousness of Christ. if I should give up to my feelings, and Keep the mind filled with the precious say that I could not speak, the enemy promises found in the Bible, and when would gain the victory. I dare not do Satan comes in like a flood to over- this. I move right forward, take my whelm you, meet him with the weapon place in the desk, and say, "Jesus, I, which the word of God has provided, hang my helpless soul on thee; thou wilt` "It is written."... This will • break his not suffer me to be brought to confu- power nd give you the victory. sion;" and the Lord gives me the victory:wi --lionot make it ,appear to any one This was the case last Sabbath, and it that the road to heaven is an unpleasant has been my experience over and over path. Show by your words and action's again. Why is this? God honors my that although this road is too straight faith. I plead his promises, and lie helps and narrow to be entered with the bur- me. I have felt sometimes that I should den of the world and of pride and self- fall in death while speaking, and per- importance, it is a precious way, cast haps this is the way I shall go. How- up for the ransomed of the Lord to ever this may be, I want to die at my walk in. Although marked with trials post. I am not going to talk doubt and and discouragements, it may be made, unbelief; neither will I dwell upon my through faith and determined effort to infirmities. I will talk of Jesus and his defeat the enemy, a victorious, triumph- power to save. It is "not by might, nor ant way. by power, but by my Spirit, saith the We are pilgrims and strangers in this Lord of hosts." world; but we are traveling to a heav- Oh that I could impress upon all the enly country. We shall meet with dis- importance of exercising faith moment appointments ; but it is our privilege-a by moment, and hour by hour! We.: PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 131. are to live the life of faith; for "without upon his life; that he is in the hands of faith it is impossible to please God." a robber or murderer. Our spiritual strength depends upon our The contest is severe; neither utters faith. When I know this, how can I a word; but Jacob puts forth all his keep silent upon this subject? The strength, and does not relax his efforts. world's Redeemer says, "According to for a moment. Thus the struggle con- your faith be it unto you." When you tinues, until nearly the break of day; settle down in gloom and despondency, when the stranger places his finger upon you sin against God; because it shows Jacob's thigh and he is crippled instant- that you have not faith in Jesus. It ly. The patriarch now discerns the shows to those around you that you do character of his great antagonist. He not take God at his word. When he knows that he has been in bodily con- has done so much to evince his love for flict with a heavenly messenger, and you, how_ great this sin must appear in that this is why his almost superhuman his sight! "He that spared not his own efforts did not gain for him the victory. Son, but delivered him up for Us all, how He is now disabled, and suffering the shall he not with him also freely give us keenest pain; but he will not loosen all things?" his hold. He falls, a conquered foe, all We do not know what faith really penitent and broken, upon the neck of is until we try to exercise it. We all the angel. need more of that firm, persevering The divine messenger tries to release faith that Jacob manifested while wrest- himself from the grasp of Jacob. He ling with the angel on that eventful pleads with him, "Let me go, for the day night. Few realize how severely his breaketh." But Jacob has been pleading faith was tested at that time. He had the promises of God; he has been urg- separated himself from all earthly friends, ing his pledged word, which is as unfail- that he might be alone with God. All ing as his throne ; and now, through who made life dear to him were exposed humiliation, repentance, and self-surren- to danger and death. The bitterest der, this sinful, erring mortal can make drop in his cup of anguish was the terms with the heavenly messenger : "I thought that his own sin had brought will not let thee go, except thou bless this great peril upon his wives and me." What boldness is here manifested! children, who were innocent of the sin What lofty faith ! what perseverance of which he was guilty. He had de- and holy trust ! Had this been a boast- cided to spend the night in humiliation ful, presumptuous claim, Jacob would and prayer. God could soften the heart have been instantly destroyed. But his of his brother. God was his only refuge was the assurance of one who real- and strength. In a desolate place, in- izes his weakness and unworthiness, yet fested by robbers and murderers, he trusts the faithfulness of God to fulfill bowed in deep distress upon the earth. his promise. The mistake which had His soul was rent with anguish, and led to Jacob's sin in obtaining the birth- with earnest cries mingled with tears he right by fraud was now open before made his prayer before God. A strong him. He had not trusted God and his hand is suddenly laid upon his shoulder. promises as he should have done. He He immediately grapples his assailant, had become impatient, and had sought for he feels that this attack is a design by his own efforts to bring about that 132 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. which God was abundantly able to per- the words of our Saviour, "I am not form in his own time and way. come to call the righteous, but sinners The angel inquired of Jacob, "What to repentance." If we were not sinners, is thy name?" And when Jacob an- we would have no need of a Saviour. swered, he said, "Thy name shall be We are sick with sin from the crown called no more Jacob [the supplanter], of our head to the sole of our feet, but Israel ; for as a prince hast thou and this is why we need a Physician. power with God and with men, and hast While we are not to approach the prevailed." Jacob received the blessing throne of God in self-righteousness and for which his soul had longed ; his sin self-sufficiency, thinking that we have as a supplanter and deceiver was par- any goodness to recommend us to him ; doned. The crisis in his life had passed. while we-are not to forget our weakness ,God shows, in his dealing with Jacob, and sinfulness, it is at the same time that he will not sanction the least wrong our duty to believe that Jesus will im- in any of his children ; neither will he part to us of his healing, strengthening cast off and leave to despair and de- power. Our faith must grasp the eter- struction those who are deceived and nal. We must move from principle, tempted and betrayed into sin. Doubt, looking not at the things which are seen, perplexity, and remorse had imbittered but at the things which are unseen. Jacob's life ; but now all was changed, It is difficult to exercise living faith and how sweet was the rest and peace when we are in darkness and discour- in God, in the assurance of his restored agement. But this of all others is the favor. very time when we should exercise. It is the privilege of every one of us, faith. "But," says one, "I do not feel like Jacob, to prevail with God. But at such times like praying in faith." the query arises, How can we believe Well, then, will you allow Satan to gain that we shall receive the things we ask the victory, simply because you do not for, when we have no evidence that we feel like resisting him? When he sees shall? God's word is pledged. Is not that you have the greatest need of di- that sufficient evidence? If we grasp vine aid, he will try the hardest to beat the promises by living faith, trusting you back from God. If he can keep entirely in Jesus, the blessing will come you away from the Source of strength, in due time. It may not come in the he knows that you will walk in darkness way we expect ; but it will come in the and sin. There is no sin greater than way that God directs, and by the means unbelief. And when there is unbelief that he chooses to employ. Satan may ',‘ in the heart, there is danger that it will tempt you to think that the Lord has be expressed. The lips should be kept forgotten you ; but tell him that the in as with bit and bridle, lest by giving word of the Lord standeth sure, having expression to this unbelief you not only this seal, "The Lord knoweth them that exert an injurious influence over others, are his ;" and keep on praying. but place yourselves upon the enemy's Again: Satan may try to tempt you ground. by saying that God will not have pity If we believe in God, we are armed upon you and hear your prayers, because with the righteousness of Christ; we you are such a sinner. Do not listen to have taken hold of his strength. The his story ; but throw right into his face promise is, "Let him take hold of my PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 133 strength, that he may make peace with What greater promises could be given me, and he shall make peace with me." us than are found in these verses? A We want to talk with our Saviour as cunning and cruel foe attends our steps, though he were right by our side. We and is working every moment, with all should have our minds stayed upon him. his strength and skill, to turn us from the "We should hold communion with him right way. Ever since he succeeded in while we walk by the way, and while overcoming our first parents in their our hands are engaged in labor. If you beautiful Eden home, he has been en- will do this, you will not dishonor your gaged in this work. More than six Redeemer by talking to every one about thousand years of continual practice has your darkness and unworthiness. Go, greatly increased his skill to deceive tell 'it to Jesus; and he will lift up for and allure. On the other hand, he who' you a standard against the enemy, and once yields to temptation becomes spir- will cause the light of joy and gladness itually weak, and yields more readily to come into your hearts. the second time. Every repetition of It is our privilege to carry with us sin blinds his eyes, stifles conviction, the credentials of our faith,—love, joy, and weakens his power of resistance. and peace. When we do this, we shall Thus while the power of the human be able to present the mighty arguments race to resist temptation is continually of the cross of Christ. When we learn decreasing, Satan's skill and power to to walk by faith and not by feeling, we tempt are continually increasing. This shall have help from God just when we is one great reason why the temptations need it, and his peace will come into of the last days will be more severe than our hearts. It was this simple life of those of any other age. obedience and trust that Enoch lived. The admonition of the Saviour is, If we learn this lesson of simple trust, "Watch and pray, that ye enter not into ours may be the testimony that he re- temptation." If Satan cannot prevent ceived, that he pleased God. Then in- persons from exercising faith, he will stead of mourning and bitter repining, try to lead them to presume upon the we shall make melody in our hearts to willingness and power of God, by plac- the Lord. "In the world," says Christ, ing themselves unnecessarily in the way "ye shall have tribulation : but be of of temptation. Presumption is a most good cheer ; I have overcome the world." common temptation, and as Satan as- Tuesday morning, Sept. 22. sails men with this, he obtains the vic- tory nine times out of ten. Those who, profess to be followers of Christ, and HOW TO MEET TEMPTATIONS. who claim by.their faith to be enlisted "MY brethren, count it all joy when ye fall in the warfare against all evil in their na- into divers temptations; knowing this, that the ture, frequently plunge without thought trying of your faith worketh patience. But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be into temptations from which it would perfect and entire, wanting nothing. If any of require a miracle to bring them forth you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it unsullied. Meditation and prayer would shall be given him. But let him ask in faith, have preserved them from these tempta- nothing wavering. For he that wavereth is like tions by leading them to shun the crit- a wave of the sea driven with the wind and tossed. For let not that man think that he shall ical, dangerous position in which they receive any thing of the Lord." Jas. 1 : 2-7. placed themselves. 134 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. Although the promises of God are not as a flash to think and to act; but let to be rashly claimed by us when we no one think that he cannot learn to recklessly rush into danger, violating the become patient. Patience is a plant laws of nature, and disregarding pru- t4g will make rapid growth if carefully dence, and the judgment with which cultivate4 By beconiing thoroughly ac- God has endowed us, we should not lose quainted with ourselves, and then com- courage when temptations come upon bining with the grace of God a firm us. If we do not knowingly place our- determination on our part, we may be selves in the way of temptation, it is conquerors, and become perfect in all our privilege to claim the promise of things, wanting in nothing. the inspired word : "God is faithful, who "If any of you lack wisdom, let him will not suffer you to be tempted above ask of God, that giveth to all men liber- that ye are able; but will with the ally, and upbraideth not ; and it shall temptation also make a way to escape, be given him." It is our privilege in our that ye may be able to bear it." great weakness to take hold of the Those who have weighty responsibili- strength of the Mighty One. If we think ties to bear in connection with the work to meet and overcome the enemy in our of God are the ones that will be beset own strength, we shall be disappointed. with the strongest temptations. If Satan It may seem at times that when we pray can cause them to waver from the right, the most and try the hardest to do right, he not only takes away their own strength, we have the greatest temptations. This but he destroys their influence for good is because Satan is perfectly satisfied over others. They lose their confidence with our condition when we are clothed in God, and feel that they hardly dare with self-righteousness and do not real- approach him in prayer; for they are ize our need of divine aid ; but when under condemnation. Acting upon the we see our great need of help, and begin principle that Christ presented in his to draw near to God, he knows that prayer, "I sanctify myself, that they God will draw near to us ; therefore he also might be sanctified through the places every possible obstruction in the truth," they should take the position way so that we shall not come into close that they will be steadfast to God under connection with the Source of our every circumstance, that they may exert strength. an influence to make others steadfast. The exhortation of the apostle is, The temptations of Satan are mani- " Cleanse your hands, ye sinners ; and fold ; but those to which our attention purify your hearts, ye double minded." is called in the text are unbelief and It is by engaging in this work, and by impatience. "Knowing this, that the exercising living faith in God, that we trying of your faith worketh patience." are to perfect Christian character. The Impatience, then, is the result of a lack work of cleansing the soul-temple and of faith. "But let patience have her preparing for Christ's appearing must perfect work, that ye may be perfect be done while we are in this world of and entire, wanting nothing." If we temptation. Just as Christ finds us in do not maintain the grace of patience, character when comeS;gbWe shall we shall never reach a state of per- remain. fection. Some of us have a nervous We should make daily advancement temperament, and are naturally as quick in the work of character-building. When PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 135 we try to separate from us our sinful When Satan tells you that your sins habits, it may at times seem that we are are such that you need not expect any tearing ourselves all to pieces ; but this great victories in God, tell him the Bible is the very work that we must do if we teaches that those who love most are would grow up unto the full stature of those who have been forgiven most. Do men and women in Christ Jesus, if we not try to lessen your guilt by excusing would become fit temples for the indwell- sin. You cannot come near to God by ing of the Holy Spirit. It is not the will faith unless you realize your sinfulness. of God that we should remain in feeble- Then you can place yourselves right on ness and darkness. He would have us put the promises, and with unwavering faith on the whole armor, and fight valiantly can claim a share in the infinite sacrifice the battle against sin and self. And after" that has been made for the human race. we have truly repented of our sins, and Cling closely to Jesus, and his great done all that we can to overcome them, heart of love will draw you unto himself. he would have us manifest a calm, un- I cannot bear the thought that any yielding trust in the merits of a crucified should go away from this meeting with- and risen Saviour. out having their faith greatly strength- If we make an entire surrender to him, ened. There are those here who will leave our life of sin and passion and develop into good and useful workers. pride, and cling to Christ and his merits, But every advance step they take must he will fulfill to us all that he has prom- be a step of faith. If they have a relig- ised. He says that he will give liberally ious experience that is rich in faith, to all who ask him. Cannot we believe one can chase a thousand, and two can it? I have tested him on this point, and put ten thousand to flight But all the know that he is faithful to fulfill all his talents that they may possess, all the skill promises. and eloquence that they may acquire, Let not him that wavereth think that will effect nothing unless they are con- he shall receive anything of the Lord. secrated to God. When persons begin to draw nigh to I am so anxious that those who labor God, Satan is always ready to press in in the cause shall have all the strength, his darkness. As they look back over and peace, and joy that Christ has for their past life, he causes every defect to them. I want them to have the conso- be so exaggerated in their minds that lation of the Holy Spirit. The apostle they become discouraged, and begin to Paul desired that his brethren should be doubt the power and willingness of Jesus comforted with "the consolation where- to save. Their faith wavers, and they with he was comforted." The Christian say, "I do not believe that Jesus will finds constant comfort and strength in forgive my sins." Let not such expect Jesus. And when he complains of weak- to receive anything from the Lord. If ness and darkness, he gives good evi- they would only exercise true repent- dence that he has not a close connection ance toward God, at the same time pos- with Jesus. sessing a firm faith in Christ, he would Brethren, let us have an eye single to cover their sins and pardon their trans- the glory of God. Let us not allow gressions. But, instead of this, they too anything to interpose between us and often allow themselves to be controlled him. "If we follow on to know the by impulse and feeling. Lord," we shall 'know that "his going 136 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. forth is prepared as the morning ; and with the simplicity of a child coming to he shall come unto us as the rain, as its earthly parents, and ask for the things the latter and former rain unto the that he has promised, believing that we earth." If we are partakers of the receive them, we should have them. If divine nature, we shall reflect in life and all of us had exercised the faith we character the image of our divine Lord. should, we would have been blessed We cannot be indolent in seeking this with far more of the Spirit of God in perfection of character. We cannot our meetings than we have yet received. yield passively to our surroundings, and I am glad that a few days of the meet- think that others will do the work for ing still remain. Now the question is, us. "Every man that hath this hope in Will we come to the fountain and drink ? him purifieth himself, even as He is Will the teachers of truth set the exam- pure." We must be workers together ple ? God will do great things for us, with God. Life must become to us a if we by faith take him at his word. humble, earnest working out of salvation Oh that we might here see a general with fear and trembling ; and then humbling of the heart before God ! faith, hope, and love will abide in our Since these meetings began, I have hearts, giving us an earnest of the re- felt urged to dwell much upon love and yard that awaits the overcomer. faith. This is because you need this A relentless and determined foe has testimony. Some who have entered prepared his wiles for every soul that is these missionary fields have said, "You not braced for trial, and guarded by do not understand the French people ; constant prayer and living faith. We you do not understand the Germans. cannot individually, or as a body, se- They have to be met in just such a cure ourselves from his constant as- way." But, I inquire, does not God un- saults ; but in :the_ strength _of_ Jesus derstand them ? Is it not he who gives every teniPtation, every opp"osingin7 his servants a message for the people ? fiuence miietlieFOrfaiTif ie-cret,mmay- ife He knows just what they need; and if stecessfully reSis Remember that the message comes directly from him your adversary" Me devil, as a roaring through his servants to the people, it lion, walketh about, seeking whom he will accomplish the work whereunto it may devour." Therefore " be sober, be is sent ; it will make all one in Christ. vigilant." Though some are decidedly French, Wednesday morning, Sept. 23. others decidedly German, and others de- cidedly American, they will be just as decidedly Christ-like. UNITY AMONG DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES. The Jewish temple was built of hewn "Is any man thirst, let him come unto me, and stones quarried out of the mountains ; drink." "Whosoever drinketh of the water that and every stone was fitted for its place I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of in the temple, hewed, polished, and water springing up into everlasting life." John tested, before it was brought to Jerusa- 7:37; 4:14. lem. And when all were brought to the If, with these promises before us, we ground, the building went together with- choose to remain parched and withered out the sound of ax or hammer. This for want of the water of life, it is our building represents God's spiritual temple, own fault. If we would come to Christ which is composed of material-gathered PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 137 out of every nation, and tongue, and peo- glory. I warn you, brethren and sisters, ple, of all grades, high and low, rich and not to build up a wall of partition be- poor, learned and unlearned. These tween' different nationalities. On the are not dead substances, to be fitted by contrary, seek to break it down wher- hammer and chisel. They are living ever it exists. W: should endeavor to stones, quarried out from the world by bring all into the harmony that there is the truth ; and the great Master-Builder, in Jesus, laboring for the one object,— the Lord of the temple, is now hewing the salvation of our fellow-men. and polishing them, and fitting them for Will you, my ministering brethren, their respective places in the spiritual grasp the rich promises of God? Will temple. When completed, this temple you put self out of sight, and let Jesus will be perfect in all its parts, the admi- appear ? Self must die before God can ration of angels and of men; for its work through you. I feel alarmed as I builder and maker is God. see self cropping out in one and another Let no one think that there need not here and there. I tell you, in the name be a stroke placed upon him. There is of Jesus of Nazareth, your wills must no person, no nation, that is perfect in die ; they must become as God's will. every habit and thought. One must learn He wants to melt you over, and cleanse of another. Therefore God wants the you from every defilement. There is a different nationalities to mingle together, great work to be done for you before to be one in judgment, one in purpose. you can be filled with the power of God. Then the union that there is in Christ I beseech you to draw nigh to him that will be exemplified. you may realize his rich blessing before I was almost afraid to come to this this meeting closes. country, because I heard so many say There are those here upon whom that the different nationalities of Europe great light in warnings and reproofs has were peculiar, and had to be reached in shone. Whenever reproofs are given, a certain way. But the wisdom of God the enemy seeks to create in those re- is promised to those who feel their need proved a desire for human sympathy. and who ask for it. God can bring the Therefore I would warn you to beware people where they will receive the truth. lest in appealing to the sympathy of Let the Lord take possession of the others, and going back over your past mind, and mould it as clay is moulded trials, you again err on the same points in the hands of the potter, and these in seeking to build yourselves up. The differences will not exist. Look to Jesus, Lord brings his erring children over the brethren; copy his manners and spirit, same ground again and again ; but if and you will have no trouble in reaching they continually fail to heed the admo- these different classes. We have not six nitions of his Spirit, if they fail to reform patterns to follow, nor five. We have on every point where they have erred, only one, and that is Christ Jesus. If he will finally leave them to their own the Italian brethren, the French breth- weakness. ren, and the German brethren try to be I entreat you, brethren, to come to like him, they will plant their feet upon Christ and drink ; drink freely of the the same foundation of truth; the same water of salvation. Do not appeal to spirit that dwells in one, will dwell in your own feelings. Do not think that the other,—Christ in them, the hope of sentimentalism is religion. Shake your- 10 138 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. selves from every human prop, and lean heavily upon Christ. You need a new THE BOOK OF LIFE. fitting up before you are prepared to "HE that overcometh, the same shall be clothed in white raiment ; and I will not blot out his engage in the work of saving souls. name out of the book of life, but I will confess Your words, your acts, have an influ- his name before my Father, and before his an- ence upon others ; and you must meet gels." Rev. 3 : 5. that influence in the day of God. Jesus If we would be overcomers, we must says, "Behold, I have set before thee search our hearts to be sure that we are an open door, and no man can shut -it." not cherishing anything that is offensive Light is shining from that door, and it to God. If we are, we cannot wear the is our privilege to receive it if we will. white raiment that is here promised. Let us direct our eyes within that open If we would stand before God in the door, and try to receive all that Christ white linen, which is the righteousness is willing to bestow. of the saints, we must now do the work Each one will have a close struggle of overcoming. to overcome sin in his own heart. This Christ says of the overcomer, "I will is at times a very painful and discourag- not blot out his name out of the book ing work; because, as we see the deform- of life." The names of all those who ities in our character, we keep looking have once given themselves to God are at them, when we should look to Jesus written in the book of life, and their and put on the robe of his righteousness. characters are now passing in review Every one who enters the pearly gates before him. Angels of God are weigh- of the city of God will enter there as ing moral worth. They are watching a conqueror, and his greatest conquest the development of character in those will have been over self. now living, to see if their names can be "For this cause I bow my knees unto retained in the book of life. A proba- the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, of tion is granted us in which to wash our whom the whole family in heaven and robes of character and make them white earth is named, that he would grant in the blood of the Lamb. Who is doing you, according to the riches of his glory, this work? Who is separating from to be strengthened with might by his himself sin and selfishness? "Ye are Spirit in the inner man; that Christ may dead," says the apostle Paul of the true dwell in your hearts by faith ; that ye, followers of Christ, "and your life is hid being rooted and grounded in love, with Christ in God." When .we ,are may be able to comprehend with all alive to God, we are dead-fried 'May saints what is the breadth, and length, God help us to die to self. Whose and depth, and height ; and to know names will not be blotted out of the the love of Christ, which passeth knowl- book of life? Only the names of those edge, that ye might be filled with all the who have loved God with all the pow- fullness of God." ers of their being, and their neighbors As workers together for God, brethren as themselves. and sisters, lean heavily upon the arm There is a great work to be done for of the Mighty One. Labor for unity, many of us. Our minds and characters labor for love, and you may become a must become as the mind and character power in the world. of Christ. Selfishness is inwrought in Thursday morning, Sept. 24. our very being. It has come to us as PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 139

-an inheritance, and has been cherished Father, and before the holy angels. If by many as a precious treasure. No we would have our names honored special work for God can be accom- before the heavenly host in the day of plished until self and selfishness are God, we must obtain the white raiment overcome. To many everything con- now. We must clothe ourselves with nected with themselves is of great im- humility as with a garment. Every step, portance. Self is a center, around which heavenward must be- a step of humility. everything seems to revolve. Were The True Witness has said, "Buy of Christ on the earth now, he would say me gold tried in the fire, that thou to such, "Launch out into the deep." mayest be rich ; and white raiment, Be not so self-caring. There are thou- that thou mayest be clothed, and that sands whose lives are just as precious the shame of thy nakedness do not as yours. Then why do you wrap your appear." What is the shame of this coat about you, and hug the shore? nakedness and poverty ? It is the Awake to duty and to usefulness ! If shame of clothing ourselves with self- you will launch out into the deep and righteousness, and of separating our- let down your nets, the Master will selves from God, when he has made gather in the fishes, and you will see ample provision for all to receive his of the mighty working of God. blessing. Do not, my ministering brethren, allow Oh that the power of God may rest yourselves to be kept at home to serve upon us before we separate for our tables; and do not hover around the homes and fields of labor ! Oh that we churches, preaching to those who are may consider the iwortance of improv- already fully established in the faith. ing every day that we may have a good Teach the people to have light in them- record in heaven ! Christ has said, "He selves, and not to depend upon the min- that loveth father or mother more than isters. They should have Christ as their me is not worthy of me ; and he that helper, and should educate themselves loveth son or daughter more than me is to help one another, so that the minis- not worthy of me." My heart has been ter can be free to enter new fields. An made to ache as I have seen some of important work is to be done in the my brethren considering so seriously world. New fields are to be opened; whether or not they would make a little and the zeal and the missionary spirit sacrifice for Christ's sake. It seems that Christ manifested are greatly needed. such a great thing in their eyes to deny Oh that the power of God would set the inclination. truth home to every heart! Oh that all If we look back over history, we shall might see the necessity of having a liv- find that those missionaries who have ing connection with God, and of know- gone to labor among the savages did ing and doing his will from day to day! not feel that they had made one-half The names of some will be blotted so great a sacrifice as many do now out of the book of life. Whose shall it who go forth to labor in a field all pre- be? Let us each examine ourselves pared for them. Many show that they carefully to see if we are in the faith ; know little of the sufferings of Christ. let us be diligent to make sure work for They have not drank of the cup of his eternity. Jesus says that he will confess sufferings, nor been baptized with his the name of the overcomer before his baptism. The Spirit and power of God 140 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. has not taken hold of their understand- golden beams of day flood the canopy of ing; the refining fire has not softened heaven and beautify forest and mount- and purified their hearts ; and the sav- ain, awakening the world by dispelling ing message of truth that they are to the darkness of night, so the followers of carry to those in darkness is not shut Christ should go forth upon their mis- up in their hearts as fire within their sion of love. Gathering divine rays of bones. Instead of cheerfully going with- light from the great Light of the world, out the camp to bear the reproach, they should let them shine forth in good some choose to linger around their works upon those who are in the dark- homes, and thus fail to obtain a most ness of error. precious experience in the things of Do you, my brethren and sisters, real- God. ize that you are the light of the world ? When our hearts are all aglow with Do you, in your words and deportment love for Jesus and the souls for whom at home, leave a bright track heaven- he died, success will attend our labors. ward ? What is it to be the light of My heart cries out after the living God. the world? It is to have God for your I want a closer connection with him. I guide, to have the companionship of want to realize his strengthening power, holy angels, and to reflect to others the that I may do more effective work in light that shines upon you from above. his cause ; and I want my brethren and But if you fail to exercise Christian sisters who are here to be blessed spir- courtesy, forbearance, and love' in your itually and physically. I entreat you families, God and holy angels are grieved to be men and women of prayer. Do away ; and instead of being the light of not seek your own pleasure and con- the world, you are bodies of darkness. venience, but seek to know and do the It is possible, through the grace of will of God. Let each one inquire, Can Christ, to have control over yourselves I not point some soul to the Lamb of at all times. If a dear friend, one whose God, who taketh away the sin of the good opinion you greatly desired, should world ? Can I not comfort some de- come into your home, you would not be sponding one ? Can I not be the means found fretting and scolding ; but you of saving some soul in the kingdom of would control your words and actions, God? We want the deep movings of and would seek in every way to so con- the Spirit of God in our hearts, that we duct yourselves as to gain his respect may not only be able to secure for our- and confidence. Shall we take more selves the white raiment, but that we care in the presence of a comparative may so influence others that their names stranger than in the presence of those may be entered in the book of life, who are dear to us by the ties of nature ; never to be blotted out. or in the presence of Jesus and heavenly Friday morning, Sept. 25. angels? God forbid ; for by so doing we fail to meet the claims of high heaven • upon us. THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. It is not the will of God that we should be gloomy or impatient ; nor "YE are," says Christ, "the light of that we should be light and trifling. It the world." As the sun goes forth upon is Satan's studied plan to push persons its errand of mercy and loVe, as the from one extreme to the other. As PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 141 children of the light, God would have us lift upon them the light of his coun- cultivate a cheerful, happy spirit, that tenance. we may show forth the prlises of him The law of God is made void in the who hath called us out of darkness into land, but here is a little company who his marvelous light A lady once lived have come out from the world and are in our family nine years, and during all standing in defense of that law. To this time we did not hear an impatient these Jesus says, "Ye are the light of the word or a light expression from her world." Now, suppose that you keep lips ; and yet she was the most cheerful your minds dwelling upon self and your person I ever saw. Hers was not a life darkness ; how can you be the light of of darkness and gloom, nor of lightness the world ? You keep yourselves in and frivolity. In this respect our lives darkness by looking at your own imper- should be like hers. God would not fections, instead of the willingness and have us live under a cloud, but as in the power of Jesus to save to the utter- light of his countenance. most all that come unto him in faith. Some are naturally of a reticent dis- You hug your darkness so close that position ; a smile is seldom seen upon there is no chance for the light to get in. their faces, and they seem more like I want to say to those who have been statues than human beings. Such should desponding, When Satan comes in to open their hearts to the Sun of righteous- tempt you, and you have no evidence ness, and gather precious rays of light that the Lord accepts you, do not look from Jesus, that they may reflect them to see how dark you are, but look up to to others. God wants you, brethren the light. Begin to praise God for the and sisters, to have this light in your plan of salvation, and hold every victory hearts, and then you will be channels of gained through Christ. As you repeat light wherever you are. Like the sun- the confidence you have in Jesus, Satan flower, which turns its face constantly will flee ; for he cannot bear the name of toward the sun, you must look contin- Jesus. Thus, step by step, you can fight ually toward the Source of light, that the fight of faith. Remember that Sesus you may catch every ray possible. has borne long with you, and he does Many who profess to be followers of not want you to be lost. He says, "Be- Christ are as worlds without the sun. hold, I stand at the door, and knock. If If these would leave their darkness and any man hear my voice, and open the unbelief, and press forward in faith, they door, I will come in to him, and will would become light in the Lord. Who sup with him, and he with me." By this would think of distrusting a dear friend he shows that he wants to take posses- who promised that if we would follow . sion of your hearts. him he would lead us safely through the Satan may tell you that you cannot darkest forest ? Much less ought we to be blessed ; but Jesus says that he will doubt the word of Jesus, who has said, come in, if you will open the door of "He that followeth me shall not walk in your hearts. Which will you believe ? darkness, but shall have the light of life." Here is another precious promise that He will not leave those who trust in all may claim. It is not addressed to him to fall under the temptations of those who are perfect, but to sinners ; Satan. This is not his way of dealing to those who have wandered away from with his children. He has promised to Christ "Seek ye the Lord while he 142 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. may be found, call ye upon him while poor representative of the Christian relig- he is near. Let the wicked forsake ion. Christ died for all. The sacrifice his way, and the unrighteous man his was complele. It is your privilege and thoughts ; and let him return unto the duty to show to the world that you have Lord, and he will have mercy upon an entire, all-powerful Saviour. It was him ; and to our God, for he will abun- the Son of the infinite God who died to. dantly pardon." Is there one here who purchase a full and free salvation for all dares not claim this promise ? Is there that would accept it. Then why not one who will say, "I am so sinful that take him as your Saviour? He rebukes this does not mean me" ? Put away your unbelief ; he honors your faith. such thoughts. Christ will accept you, Go into a cellar, and you may well polluted by sin though you may be, if talk of darkness, and say, "I cannot-see; you will come to him with contrition I cannot see." But come up into the up- of soul. He invites all to come into the per chamber, where the light shines, light of his presence. Then why should and you need not be in darkness. Come, you remain .away? We want these where Christ is, and you will have light. doubting ones to go from this meeting Talk unbelief, and you will have unbe-e strong in the Lord and in the power lief ;abut talk faith, and you will have of his might. faith. According to the seed sown will. The word of God says, "Draw nigh to be the harvest. If you talk of heaven God, and he will draw nigh to you." It and the eternal reward, you will become will require an effort on your part to lighter and lighter in the Lord, and your walk with God. Jesus said to the man faith will grow, because it is exercised. with the withered hand, "Stretch forth Fasten your eyes upon Jesus, dear thine hand." The afflicted man might friends, and by beholding you will be- have said, "Lord, I have not used it for come assimilated to his image. Do not years ; heal it first, and then I will allow your thoughts to dwell continually stretch it forth." But instead of this, upon things of the earth, but place them when Jesus commanded him to stretch upon things that are heavenly, and then, it forth, he exercised the power of wherever you are, you will be a light his will, and moved it just as if it to the world. were well. The very exercise of the Live the life of faith day by day. Do will power was evidence to Jesus that not become anxious and distressed about the man believed ; and his hand was the time of trouble, and thus have a time healed in the act of stretching it forth. of trouble beforehand. Do not keep God would have you put away your thinking, "I am afraid I shall not stand darkness, and show that there is a power in the great testing day." You are to in the Christian religion that there is not live for the present, for this day only. in the world. He wants to make you To-morrow is not yours. To-day you all light in him ; he wants to fill your are to maintain the victory over self. hearts with love, and peace, and hope. To-day you are to live a life of prayer. If, then, you continue to cling to your To-day you are to fight the good fight darkness, you dishonor him ; for you do of faith. To-day you are to believe that not correctly represent to the world a God blesses you. And as you gain the. sin - pardoning Saviour. If you are victory over darkness and unbelief, you, gloomy, desponding, hopeless,'you are a will meet the requirements of the Mas- PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 143 ter, and will become a blessing to those fore,—a letter saying that on such a around you. night, at such an hour, at such a min- From every member of the church a ute, the light at such a point burned steady light should shine forth before low and dim ; that the watchman neg- the world, so that they shall not be led lected his post, and that vessels were to inquire, "What do these people more consequently put in jeopardy on the than others ?" Religion is not to be high seas. Ah, sir,' and his face shone held as a precious treasure, jealously with the intensity of his thought, 'some- hoarded, and enjoyed only by the pos- times in the dark nights, and in the sessor. True religion cannot be thus stormy weather, I look out upon the sea held ; for such a spirit is contrary to the and feel as though the eye of the whole gospel. "Freely ye have received, freely world were looking at my light. Go give," are the words of the Master. out ? Burn dim ? That flame flicker While Christ is dwelling in the heart by low or fail? No, sir, never!' his Spirit, it is impossible for the light "And shall Christians, shining for of his presence to be concealed or to tempted sinners, allow their light to grow dim. On the contrary, it will fail? For, ever out upon life's billowy grow brighter and brighter, as day by sea are souls we see not, strange sailors day the mists of selfishness and sin that in the dark, passing by, struggling, it envelop the soul are dispelled by the may be, amid the surges of temptation. bright beams of the Sun of righteousness: Christ is the great light, and Christians Christians may learn a lesson from are appointed to reflect that light. The the faithfulness of the light - house ocean is vast, its dangers are many, and keeper. "A gentleman once visited a the eyes of far-away voyagers are turned light-house that was placed in a very toward the light-house,—the church of dangerous position to warn men of the Jesus Christ." If the world intervenes perils that threaten them on the track- between the church and Christ, its light less sea. The keeper was boasting of will burn dim, and souls will be lost be- the brilliancy of his light, which could cause of a lack of that light. Shall it not be seen ten leagues out at sea, when the be the language of every heart here this visitor said to him : You speak with morning, What ! let the light that is in enthusiasm, sir ; and that is well. I like me go out or btirn dim ! Never ! never! to hear men tell what they are sure they We are all woven together in the know ; but what if one of the lights great web of humanity, and God holds should go out ?' us responsible for the influence we exert "'Never, never I absurd I impossible!' over others. Throw a pebble into the replied the sensitive watchman, in con- lake, and a wave is formed, and another, sternation at the mere supposition of such and another ; and as they increase, the a thing. 'Why, sir,' he continued, point- circle widens, until they reach the very ing to the ocean, 'yonder where nothing shore. Thus our influence, though ap- can be seen, there are ships going by to parently insignificant, may continue to every port in the world. If, to-night, one extend far beyond our knowledge or of my burners should go out, within six control. It is as impossible for us to months would come a letter, perhaps determine the result as it was for the from India, perhaps from Australia, per- watchman to see the ships that were haps from a port I never heard of be- scattered upon the sea. 144 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. God in his providence does not permit he will say, "Come, my people, enter us to know the end from the beginning; thou into thy chambers, and shut thy but he gives us the light of his word to doors about thee ; hide thyself as it guide us as we pass along, and bids us were for a little moment, until the indig- to keep our minds stayed upon Jesus. nation be overpast." Wherever we are, whatever our employ- Monday morning, Sept. 28. ment, our hearts are to be uplifted to God in prayer. This is being instant in ptayer. We need not wait until we can THE IMPORTANCE OF WATCHFUL- bow upon our knees, before we pray. NESS AND PRAYER. On one occasion, when Nehemiah came DEAR BRETHREN AND SISTERS : Our in before the king, the king asked why meetings are about to close, and we he looked so sad, and what request he are soon to separate, some to return had to make. But Nehemiah dared not to their homes, and others to their answer at once. Important interests various fields of labor. What will be were at stake. The fate of a nation the effect of these good meetings? Will hung upon the impression that should you cherish the precious light that God then be made upon the monarch's has here given, and let it have a sanc- mind ; and Nehemiah darted up a prayer tifying influence upon your lives ? Will to the God of heaven, before he dared you, as you assemble from week to to answer the king. The result was week in your little meetings at home, that he obtained all that he asked or reflect upon others the rays of light that even desired. have shone upon you ? Will your mind This is the course that God would have and conversation be upon the blessings us pursue under all circumstances. He of heaven, whence you look for your wants us to be minute men and women. Saviour; or will you again be absorbed He wants us to be ready always to give with things of a temporal nature? You to every man that asketh us a reason of have received additional light, and you the hope that is within us with meekness will doubtless be beset by more severe and fear. Why with fear,? It is with temptations than ever before. The ene- a fear lest we shall not make a right impression upon the mind of the in- my will manufacture difficulties and quirer ; with a fear lest self shall not be create influences by which to discourage out of sight, and the truth not be made and overcome you if possible. But by to appear as it is in Jesus. watchfulness and prayer and faith in I feel an intense desire that our breth- Christ you may be victors. ren and sisters shall be correct repre- As the laborers go forth into the sentatives of Jesus. Do not pierce his vineyard of the Lord, it should be re- wounds afresh, and put him to an open membered that they are human, and shame, by an inconsistent life. Become that they will have many temptations thoroughly acquainted with the reasons and trials to meet. The more impor- of our faith, and show by word and act tant the work of the minister, the that Christ is dwelling in your hearts by fiercer will be the assaults of the ene- faith. May God help you to walk with my upon him. Satan's temptations are Jesus. If you do, you will be the light the strongest against those who have of the world, and in the time of trouble • the greatest responsibilities to bear. In PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 145 view of this, the hearts of those who Paul exhorts us, " Cast not away there- remain at home should be drawn out fore your confidence, which hath great in sympathy for them, and the prayers recompense of reward." Again he says, -of their brethren should ascend as often "Now the just shall live by faith." as once a day that the special blessing As you go to your homes, be sure of God may go with them, and open that you do not leave Jesus behind. the way before them, that they may You remember how, when he was reach the hearts of the people. If all twelve years old, his parents took him were to do this, they would feel a deeper with them up to Jerusalem to attend interest in the progress of the truth, and the passover. But in returning with in those engaged in proclaiming it. the crowd, they allowed their attention Jesus is soon coming, and our posi- to be so engrossed with talking and tion should be that of waiting and visiting that they entirely neglected watching for his appearing. We should their sacred trust, and Jesus was left not allow anything to come in between behind. For an entire day he was not us and Jesus. We must learn here to brought to mind by those who should sing the song of heaven, so that when not have forgotten him for a moment. our warfare is over we can join in the By only one day's neglect they lost Jesus song of the heavenly angels in the city from their company; but it cost them of God. What is that song ? It is three days of anxious search to find praise, and honor, and glory unto Him him. So with Christians; if they be:\ that sitteth upon the throne, and unto come careless, and neglect to watch the Lamb for ever and ever. We shall and pray, they may in one day lose meet opposition; we shall be hated of Christ, but it may take many days of all men for Christ's sake, and by Satan, anxious, sorrowful search to find him, because he knows that there is with and to regain the peace of mind which the followers of Christ a divine power, was lost by vain talking, or neglect of which will undermine his influence. prayer. When Christians associatelo7 We cannot escape reproach. It will gether, there is need of carefulness in come; but we should be very careful all their words and actions, lest Jesus be that we are not reproached for our own forgotten, and they pass along unmind- sins and follies, but for Christ's sake. ful of the fact that he is not among them. We should not allow our time to be When men are careless of the Sav- so occupied with things of a temporal iour's presence, and in their conver- nature, or even with matters pertaining sation make no reference to him in to the cause of God, that we shall pass whom they profess that their hopes of on day after day without pressing close eternal life are centered, Jesus is not in to the bleeding side of Jesus. We want their company, and the holy angels are to commune with him daily. We are grieved from their presence. These exhorted to fight the good fight of faith. pure and heavenly beings cannot re- It will be a hard battle to maintain a main where the presence of Jesus is not life of earnest faith; but if we cast our- desired and encouraged, and where his selves wholly upon Christ, with a settled absence is not marked. They are not determination to cleave only to him, we attracted to the crowd where minds are shall be able to repulse the enemy, and diverted from heavenly things. For this gain a glorious victory. The apostle reason, great mourning, grief, and dis- 146 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. couragement exist among the professed ner, that we will never murmur or followers of Christ. By neglect of medi- complain at the providence of God, and tation, watchfulness, and prayer, they that we will not become accusers of our lose all that is valuable. The divine brethren. We cannot always hinder the. rays of light emanating from Jesus are thoughts that iCOMe as temptations,.; but not with them, cheering them with their we can resist the enemy so that we holy, elevating influence. They are en- shal not _utter them.,. The_ adversary of shrouded in gloom, because their care- o'1711s- is not permitted,' to read the less, irreverent spirit has separated thOughts of nip.; Nit he is a keen ob- Jesus from their company, and driven server, and he marks the words and from them the ministering angels. actions, and skillfully adapts his tempta- Many attend religious meetings, re- tions accordingly. If all would labor to ceive instruction from the servants of repress sinful thoughts and feeling, God, and are greatly refreshed and giving . theM no expression in words blessed ; and yet, because they do not or acts; -Satan would be defeated ; for he feel the necessity of praying and watch- would not knoW how to prepare his ing thereunto on the homeward journey, specious temptations to meet their cases. they return to their homes no better Oh that the vail could be parted for than when they left them. As they a moment, and you could see the interest realize their loss, they frequently feel that all heaven takes in the human race! inclined to complain of others, or to God and heavenly angels are anxiously murmur against God, but do not re- waiting to see if we will not cleanse proach themselves as the cause of their ourselves from all sin. Of the redeemed own darkness and sufferings of mind. it is said, the Lamb shall lead them to These should not reflect upon others. "living fountains of waters ;" and they The fault is in themselves ; they talked, shall walk in the beams of a sunless jested, and visited until they grieved day ; for Christ is the light of the city away the heavenly Guest, and they have of God. only themselves to blame. It is the We want to get in the habit of talk- privilege of all to retain Jesus with ing of heaven, beautiful heaven. Talk them. If they do this, their words must of that life which will continue as long as be select, seasoned with grace, and the God shall live, and then you will forget thoughts of their hearts must be disci- your little trials and difficulties. Let the plined to dwell upon heavenly things. mind be attracted to God. "Eye hath We have had great light and privi- not seen, nor ear heard, neither have leges at these meetings, and now let us entered into the heart of man, the things retain the impressions that have been which God hath prepared for them that made upon our hearts. When, we feel love him." And now may the blessing the least inclined to commune with and peace of God rest upon you all, my Jesus, let us pray the most. By so doing brethren and sisters. May your lives we shall break Satan's snare, the clouds from henceforth be lives of watchfulness of darkness will disappear, and we shall and prayer ; and if we never meet again realize the sweet presence of Jesus. Let in this world, may we meet around the us here resolve that we will not sin great white throne, to sing the song of against God with our lips, that we will victory together in the kingdom of God. never speak in a light and trifling man- Tuesday morning, Sept. 29. PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 147

THE WORK IN NEW FIELDS.* preach, but to minister. As they go forth to labor, they are to make per- HAVE been deeply interested this I sonal efforts for the people, coming morning in listening to the reports of la- heart to heart with them, as they open bor from the various fields. I have to them the Scriptures. There may at been connected with the work in Amer- first be only a few here and there who ica from its very commencement, and will accept the truth; but when these are- understand something about the difficul- truly converted, they will labor for others, ties to be met when the cause is in its in- and soon, with proper efforts, larger fancy. We have seen the work go hard, companies will be raised up, and the and we have seen of the salvation of God work will move forward more rapidly.. in the presentation of truth. The re- parts we have heard here sound the same There is a great work yet to be ac- as those we have heard in America. complished in all the fields from which Those who accept the truth in this we have heard reports. All through, country have a great cross to lift; and these countries there is precious talent when they do take their stand firmly, that God will use ; and we must be wide awake to secure it. The great obstacle. our brethren no doubt feel as we did when the work first started. One soul to the advancement of the work is the- who embraced the truth was regarded of lack of means. Ought we not to make more value than mountains of gold. We this a special subject of prayer? Men wept and rejoiced, and could scarcely who have means will receive the truth sleep. Our hearts were so filled with in this country ; but the Lord would gratitude, and so closely united in love have us labor earnestly in faith until and sympathy, that we wanted to praise that time comes. He would have all God day and night. who accept the truth become light-bear- The Piedmont valleys have been ers. They should act as though they spoken of. From the light that I have had a message of infinite importance to- had, there are, all through these val- present. It is God's truth, and all should leys, precious souls who will receive the be sanctified through it. All should truth. I have no personal knowledge of have a living faith, a living connection these places; but they were presented with heaven. to me as being in some way connected The work of the minister is not simply with God's work of the past. He now to preach, but it is to visit families at has an advance step for this people to their homes, to pray with them, and take. Those who labor in these val- open to them the Scriptures. He who leys must take a deep interest in their conducts the work outside the pulpit in work, or they will not succeed. The a` propermanner will accomplish tenfold third angel is represented as flying more than he who confines his labor to through the midst of heaven. The work the desk. When Christ was teaching is one that must be done quickly. They on earth, he watched the countenances must keep in working order, laboring of his hearers, and the kindling eye, the intelligently and with consecration, and animated expression, told him in a mo- be prepared by the grace of God to ment when one assented to the truth. meet opposition. They are not only to Even so should the teachers of the peo- ple now study the countenances of their * Remarks before the Swiss Conference, Friday, Sept. hearers. 148 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

When they see a person in the audi- brethren who have strong feelings but ence who seems interested, they should not strong bodies. I do- not know what make it a point to form his acquaintance we would do without men who do feel before leaving the place of meeting, intensely. God would have them regard and, if possible, should ascertain where the laws of life and health ; for when he lives, and visit him. It is this kind they are exhausted by long speaking and of personal labor that helps to make praying, or by much writing, the enemy him a perfect workman. It enables him takes advantage of the tired condition to prove his work, to give full proof of of their nerves, and causes them to be- his ministry. come impatient and to move rashly. It This is also the most successful way was after Christ was greatly reduced by of reaching the people; for by this long fasting that Satan thought to gain the means their attention is best secured. victory over him ; but Christ drove him Unless the attention of the people is from the field of battle, and came off con- gained, all effort for them will be useless. queror. Even so may those who preach The word of God cannot be understood the word overcome their wily foe when by the inattentive. They need a plain they are tempted in a similar way. "Thus saith the Lord" to arrest their It is also necessary that they labor attention. Let them see that their cases with discretion, in order that they may are tried and condemned by the Bible, preserve their health and strength in the not by the lips of man ; that they are best possible condition for an emergency. arraigned at the bar of infinite justice, They, when occasion requires, they can not before an earthly tribunal. When put forth special efforts, and, relying the plain, cutting truth of the Bible is upon Him who has conquered the enemy presented before them, it comes directly in their behalf, can come off more than across long-cherished desires and con- conquerors. He who sends forth the la- firmed habits. They are convicted, and borers says, "Lo, I am with you alway, then it is that they specially need your even unto the end of the world." The counsel, encouragement, and prayers. billows may go over your heads, breth- Many a precious soul balances for a ren, but there is an arm that will raise time, and then takes his position on the you above all danger. side of error, because he does not have Brethren and sisters, you who tarry this personal effort at the right time. by the stuff at home, there is something It is not always pleasant for our for you to do. The work of saving brethren to live where the people need souls is not to be done by the ministers help most; but their labors would often alone. Every one who has been con- be productive of far more good if they verted will seek to bring others to a would do so. They ought to come close knowledge of the truth. Commence to to the people, sit with them at their ta- work for those in your own homes and bles, and lodge in their humble homes. neighborhoods. Labor with wisdom and The laborers may have to take their earnestness, with perseverance and much families to places not at all desirable ; prayer, that they may be brought to but they should remember that Jesus did accept the light of truth. You can also not remain in the most desirable places. send up your petitions for the laborers He came down to earth that he might in the different fields. God will hear help those who needed help. your prayers, and will make them like can sympathize with some of my sharp sickles in the harvest field. PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 149 ADDRESS TO THE MISSIONARY WORKERS.* praying to know whether this was in- deed the Christ of whom Moses and the "AND, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, Master, what shall I do to prophets had spoken. While he con- inherit eternal life ? He said unto him, What is tinued to pray, one of those who had written in the law? how realest thou? And been brought to Christ, Philip by name, he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and called to him and said, "We have found with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and him of whom Moses in the law, and the thy neighbor as thyself. And he said unto him, Thou bast answered right ; this do, and thou shalt prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, live. " Luke 10 : 25-28. -the son of Joseph." Notice how quickly If any are in perplexity to know prejudice arises. Nathanael says, "Can whether they will be saved or not, they there any good thing come out of Naza- will find the query settled here. The reth?" Philip knew the strong preju- world's Redeemer has plainly specified dice that existed in the minds of many the conditions of eternal life. Both the against Nazareth, and he did not try to conditions and the promise are positive. argue with him, for fear of raising his Christ must be the center. We must combativeness, but simply said, "Come love him with every power of our being, and see." and our neighbors as ourselves. And if Here is a lesson for all our minis- we do love our neighbor as ourselves, ters, colporters, and missionary workers. we shall labor earnestly to present to When you meet those, who, like Na- him the truth in its beauty and sim- thanael, are prejudiced against the truth, plicity. do not urge your peculiar views too It was thus that the foundation of the strongly. Talk with them at first of Christian church was laid. Many people subjects upon which you can agree. had assembled where John was baptiz- Bow with them in prayer, and in hum- ing in Jordan. As Jesus walked among ble faith present your petitions at the„ them, the observing eye of John rec- throne of grace. Both you and they ognized him as the Saviour, and with will be brought into a closer connection kindling eye and earnest manner he with heaven, prejudice will be weak- cried, "Behold the Lamb, of God." Two ened, and it will be easier to reach the of John's disciples, whose attention was heart. thus directed to Jests, followed him. There is a great work to be done here Seeing them following him, he turned and in Europe. From the light that has said, "What seek ye? They said unto been given me concerning the people in him," "Master, where dwellest thou ? He this part of the country, and perhaps all saith unto them, Come and see." And through Europe, there is danger, in pre- when they had come and seen where he senting the truth, of arousing their dwelt, he opened to them the great plan combativeness. There is little harmony of salvation. The words which he there between present truth and the doctrines spoke to them were too precious to be of the church in which many of the peo- kept to themselves, and they immedi- ple have been born and brought up; ately went and found their friends, and and they are so filled with prejudice, brought them to Jesus. and so completely under the control of At this very time Nathanael was their ministers, that in many cases they dare not even come to hear the truth * Delivered before the Swiss Tract and Missionary Society, Sunday, Sept. IS. presented. The question then arises, 150 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

How can these people be reached ? How no means. Even if they shut the door can the great work of the third angel's in your face, do not hasten away in in- message be accomplished ? It must be dignation, and make no further effort to largely accomplished by persevering, save them. Ask God in faith to give individual effort ; by visiting the people you access to those very souls. Cease at their homes. not your efforts, but study and plan until In doing this kind of work, none you find some other means of reaching should feel like the Pharisee when he them. If you do not succeed by personal came to the temple to pray and said, visits, try sending them the silent mes- "God, I thank thee that I am not as other senger of truth. There is so much men." Let it be kept in mind that Jesus pride of opinion in the human heart died for all, and that he loves others just that our publications often gain admit- as much as he loves you. Let the heart tance where the living messenger cannot. be softened with the love of God ; and I have been shown how reading then, with quivering lip and tearful eye, matter on present truth is sometimes open to the people the treasures of treated by many people in Europe and truth. Present the truth as it in Jesus ; in other countries. A person receives not for the sake of contention, not for a tract or paper. He reads a little in it, the love of argument, but with meekness finds something that does not agree with and fear ; and it will reach the hearts of his former views, and throws it aside. the honest. That which makes the But the few words he did read are not truth so objectionable to many is that it forgotten. Unwelcome though they are, is not presented in the spirit of Christ. they remain in the mind until an interest There is with many a great lack of is awakened to read further on the sub- love in laboring for others. Especially ject. Again the paper is taken up ; in this field, far more could be accom- again the reader finds something in it plished by manifesting this love in your that is opposed to his long-cherished labor, than . by presenting the strongest opinions and customs, and he angrily arguments. But the two should be flings it aside. But the rejected mes- combined. There are many who are in senger says nothing to increase his op- darkness ; and when the truth, which position or arouse his combativeness ; involves a cross, is presented, they draw and when the force of his anger dies back, as did Nathanael. If by kindness away, and the paper is again brought and love these can be prevailed upon to out, it tells the same simple, straight- trace down the chain of prophecy, they forward story, and he finds in it precious will, as they find link after link uniting gems. Angels of God are near to im- in a perfect whole, see new beauty and press the unspoken word upon his harmony in the word of God ; and the heart ; and, although loath to do so, he more they study it, the more precious it at last yields, and light takes possession will become to them. of his soul. Those who are thus un- "But," says one, "suppose we cannot willingly converted, often prove to be gain admittance to the homes of the among the most substantial believers ; people ; and if we do, suppose they rise and their experience teaches them to up against the truths that we present. labor perseveringly for others. Shall we not then feel excused from The Piedmont valleys have been making further efforts for them ?" By mentioned. I have been shown the PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 151 poverty that exists there ; and yet in Again, behold Luther in his Wartburg these valleys there are some of the most prison, translating the Bible, which was precious souls that are to be found any- sent forth as a torch of light, and which where. I have seen places there where his countrymen seized and carried from our tracts and papers were scattered. land to land to separate from the religion A divine power seemed to accompany of Christ the superstitions and errors them. I have seen persons upon their with which Romanism had enshrouded knees with the tracts before them, the Thus, in a variety of ways, God has tears rolling down their cheeks as they worked mightily for his people in times read, for an answering chord had been past, and thus he is ever willing to work touched in their hearts. They knew with those who are laboring for the sal- that what they read was truth, and that vation of souls. they ought to obey it. Whether these The trouble with the workers now is scenes have already taken place or are that they have not enough faith. They still in the future, I cannot say. are too self-sufficient, and too easily There is a mighty power in the truth. disturbed by little trials. There is in It is God's plan that all who embrace it the natural heart much selfishness, much shall become missionaries. Not only self-dignity ; and when they present the men, but women and even children can truth to an individual, and it is resented, engage in this work. None are excused. they too frequently feel that it is an in- All have an influence, and that influence sult to themselves, when it is not them- should be wholly for the Master. Jesus selves, but the Author of truth, who is has bought the race with his blood. insulted and rejected. In this work We are his ; and we have no right to there is the greatest necessity of hiding say, "I will not do this or that ;" but we self behind Jesus. The nearer one should inquire, "Lord, what wilt thou comes to Jesus, the less will he esteem have me to do ?" and do it with a himself, and the more earnest will he cheerful, willing heart. be to work for others in the spirit of Success does not depend so much the Master. upon age or circumstances in life as There is much work to be done right upon the real love that one has for here in Switzerland. Take heed first others. Look at John Bunyan inclosed to yourselves, dear fellow-laborers, and by prison walls. His enemies think that afterward to the doctrine. As surely as they have placed him where his work you allow your natural temperaments for others must cease. But not so. He and dispositions to control you, just so is not idle. The love for souls con- surely will they appear in your labors, tinues to burn within him, and from his to mar the work of God. If you should dark prison-house there springs a light bring souls into the truth, they would which shines to all parts of the civilized imitate your defects of character. Let world. His hook, "The Pilgrim's Prog- the reformation begin with yourselves ; ress," written under these trying cir- let the converting power of God first be cumstances, portrays the Christian life felt upon your own hearts, and then so accurately, and presents the love of you will be better able to lead others to Christ in such an attractive light, that Christ. hundreds and thousands have been con- Whether you labor in public or pri- verted through its instrumentality. vate, you must expect to meet clifficul- 152 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. ties. Jesus found it difficult to reach the we know to-day. We cannot afford to, crowd; and when he labored personally, be dwarfs in Bible knowledge, or in the many turned from him because of the religious life ; but we should grow up perversity of the human heart. When unto the full stature of men and women the rich young man, spoken of in our in Christ Jesus. Heaven is full of light text. came to Christ to know what he and strength, and we can draw from it should do to be saved, he turned away if we will. God is waiting to pour his sorrowfully when told to go and sell blessing upon us as soon as we draw all that he had, and he should have nigh to him and by living faith grasp treasure in heaven. He had great pos- his promises. He says that he is more sessions. Property was his idol ; and willing to give his Holy Spirit to those he was sorrowful because he could not that ask him than earthly parents are to retain his idol and have heaven too. give good gifts unto their children. Jesus demands of those who would Shall we take him at his word? be his followers an entire surrender of Here are the great cities in England all that they have, all that there is of and on the continent with their millions them. In this he does not ask more of inhabitants that have not yet heard than he has given. Did he not leave the last warning message. How are all his riches, his glory, his honor, in these to be warned? If the people of order to save men ? Did he not strip God would only exercise faith, he would himself of his robes of royalty, and hu- work in a wonderful manner to accom- miliate himself to take man's nature, plish this work. Hear the words of that through his poverty and humilia- Christ: "If two of you shall agree on tion we might be made rich? Should earth as touching anything that they we then be unwilling to give all that we shall ask, it shall be done for them of have and are to him, and to suffer, if my Father which is in heaven." Pre- need be, humiliation and reproach for cious promise! Do we believe it? What his sake ? God forbid. marvelous results would appear if the It is impossible to describe the feelings united prayers of this company were to I have for this people. Oh that every ascend to God in living faith ! Jesus one present would kindle his taper from stands ready to take these petitions and- the divine altar ! If Christ has given present them to his Father, saying, "I you light, let it shine to others. "Thou know these persons by name. Send shalt love the Lord thy God with all answers to their prayers ; for I have thy heart, and with all thy soul, and graven their names on the palms of my with all thy strength, and with all thy hands." mind ; and thy neighbor as thyself." There are young men here who might Will you not begin from this time to become successful missionary workers, work upon the Bible plan, and live to and to whom Christ says, "Go work to- do your neighbor good, to be a blessing day in my vineyard." Do not, young to those around you ? Do not make friends, rob God by withholding from one crooked path for your feet, lest the him your time or your talents. Do not lame be turned out of the way. be satisfied with reaching a low stand- If we walk in the light, our wisdom ard. There are heights of knowledge will increase day by day. We should to which you may attain. The adver- know more of the truth to-morrow than sary of souls will work through his PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 153 agents to turn you from the path of God of heaven. Because of his faith- right. He will present before you many fulness to God, he is cast into the den of and great temptations ; but at such lions, according to the king's 'decree; times remember Joseph. When tempted, but does God forsake him? No, indeed. he said, "How can I do this great wicked- Holy angels are sent to minister unto ness, and sin against God?" For his him, and to close the lions' mouths that steadfastness to principle he was un- they shall do him no harm. justly cast into prison. By this he was Remember, brethren, in every per- humbled, but not degraded ; and, con- plexity, that God has angels still. You tinuing to live in the fear of God, he may meet opposition ; yea, even perse- forgot his troubles in ministering to the cution. But, if steadfast to principle, wants of his suffering companions. you will find, as did Daniel, a present There was Daniel, who stood before helper and deliverer in the God whom King Nebuchadnezzar, and who, when you serve. Now is the time to cultivate about to receive what was considered a integrity of character. The Bible is full favor, purposed in his heart that he of rich gems of promise to those who would not accept it. He had an intelli- love and fear God. gent knowledge of the effect that the To all who are engaged in the mis- king's meat and wine would produce sionary work I would say, Hide in upon the human system; and he de- Jesus. Let not self but Christ appear termined to adhere to the teachings of in . all your labors. When the work God forbidding their use by the Israel- goes hard, and you become discouraged ites, rather than receive the approbation and are tempted to abandon it, take of the king. The result was that God your Bible, bow upon your knees before gave him great wisdom and understand- God, and say, "Here, Lord, thy word is ing in all mysteries, so that at the end pledged." Throw your weight upon his of the vea-rs of trial, when examined, he promises, and every one of them will stood higher than any of the wise men be fulfilled. in the kingdom. There is a much greater work to be Again, when wicked men, inspired by done in this country than has yet been envy and hatred, sought to remove him accomplished. I am thankful to see so from the favor of King Darius, they large a number present at this meeting. could find no occasion against him But shall not your numbers be more except "concerning the law of his God." than doubled during the coming year? Therefore they laid a snare for him by Let each answer for himself what he prevailing upon the king to decree that will do. All heaven is interested in the whosoever asked a petition of any God salvation of man. It is for you to say or man for thirty days, save of the whether you will be co-laborers with king, should be cast into the den of Christ or not; whether you will, without lions. But the firm adherence to prin- fainting, suffer the reproach that he en- ciple which Daniel had cultivated from dured ; whether you will, without falter- a youth does not fail him now. Not- ing, press the battle to the gates. Oh, withstanding the decree of the king, he must Christ, the Majesty of heaven, the goes to his chamber three times a day, King of glory, bear the heavy cross, as is his custom, and with his windows wear the thorny crown, and drink the open toward Jerusalem, prays to the bitter cup, while we recline at ease and 11 154 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. glorify ourselves, forgetful of the souls to lose confidence in themselves and in whom he died to redeem by his precious the Lord; and after they have separated blood ? No ; let us do while we have from, God, dishonored his name, and the strength ; let us work while it is broken his law, he claims them as his day ; let us devote ourselves to the serv- captives, and contests the right of Christ ice of God, that we may have his ap- to take them from him. Pointing to probation and at last receive his reward. their sins, as he did to the filthy gar- ments of Joshua, he says: "They profess to be thy children ; but they do not SATAN AN ACCUSER OF THE BRETHREN.* obey thee. See the traces of sin upon "Ann he showed me Joshua the high priest them. They are my property." standing before the angel of the Lord, and Satan standing at his right hand to resist him. And the This is the argument that he employs Lord said unto Satan, The Lord rebuke thee, 0 concerning God's people in all ages. He Satan ; even the Lord that hath chosen Jerusalem pleads their sinfulness as 'the reason rebuke thee : is not this a brand plucked out of the fire? Now Joshua was clothed with filthy why Christ's restraining power shout garments, and stood before the angel." Zech. not hold him back from exercising his 3:1-3. cruelty upon them to its fullest extent. Here we find a representation of the But to the accuser of his people the people of God of to-day. As Joshua Saviour says, "The Lord rebuke thee, 0 stood before the Angel, "clothed with Satan. Is not this a brand plucked filthy garments," so we stand in the out of the fire? Have I not thrust my presence of Christ, clothed in garments own hand into the fire to gather this of unrighteousness. Christ, the angel e- brand from the burning ?" fore whom Joshua stood, is now inter- So long as the people of God preserve 7-erlIng for us before his Father, as he their fidelity to him, so long as they is here represented as interceding for cling by living faith to Jesus, they are Joshua and his people who were in under the protection of heavenly angels, deep affliction ; and Satan now, as then, and Satan will not be permitted to ex- stands by to resist his efforts. ercise his hellish arts upon them to their Ever since his fall, it has been the destruction. But those who separate work of Satan to oppose Christ's efforts themselves from Christ by sin are in to redeem the race. In the Bible he is great peril. If they continue to dis- called an accuser of the brethren. It is regard the requirements of God, they said that he accuses them before God know not how soon he may give them day and night. Every time he leads over to Satan, and permit him to do to them into temptation, he rejoices ; be- them according to his will. There is, cause he well knows that their power of therefore, the greatest necessity of keep- resistance will thus become weakened, ing the soul free from defilement, and and that he can then the more easily the eye single to the glory of God ; of lead them to commit oilier sins. And thinking soberly and watching unto when they have taken step after step in prayer continually. the wrong direction, he turns and begins Satan is now more earnestly engaged to accuse them of the very sins which in playing the game of life for souls than he has led them to commit. He thus at any previous time; and unless we are causes them to become discouraged, and constantly on our guard, he will estab- * Sermon delivered Sabbath afternoon, Sept. 26. lish in our hearts, pride, love of self, love PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 155

,of the world, and many other evil traits. unseen, we must hide in God; we must He will also use every possible device to secure the protecting care of Jesus and unsettle our faith in God and in the holy angels. In these days of peril, the truths of his word. If we have not a Lord would have us walk before him in deep experience in the things of God, if humility. Instead of trying to cover we have not a thorough knowledge of our sins, he would have us confess his word, we shall be beguiled to our them, as Joshua confessed the sins of ruin by the errors and sophistries of the ancient Israel. We. profess to be the enemy. False doctrines will sap the depositaries of God's law. We profess foundations of many, because they have to be building up "the old waste places," not learned to discern truth from error. and to be raising up "the foundations Our only safeguard against the wiles of of many generations." If this great and Satan is to diligently study the Script- solemn work has indeed been committed ures ; to have an intelligent undegEM- to us, how important that we depart ing of the reasons of dui faith; 'an& to from all iniquity ! faithfully perform every known duty. We may be followed with testimony The indulgence of one known sin will after testimony of reproof; but if we do cause weakness and darkness, and sub- not overcome the disposition in us to do ject us to fierce temptation. evil, if we do not respond to the light, Joshua is represented as pleading with we shall be in a state of condemnation the Angel. Are we engaged in the same before God. If, on the other hand, we work? Are our suppliCations ascending live up to all the light that shines upon to God in living faith ? Are we opening us, that light will continue to increase, the door of the heart to Jesus, and clos- and we shall .have a clean record in ing every means of entrance to Satan? heaven. The third angel's message is Are we daily obtaining clearer light and to lighten the earth with its glory ; but greater strength, that we may stand in only those who have withstood temp- Christ's righteousness? Are we empty- tation in the strength of the Mighty One ing our hearts of all selfishness, and will be permitted to act a part in pro- cleansing them, preparatory to receiving claiming it when it shall have swelled the latter rain from heaven? into the loud cry. Now is the time when we are to con- As the intercession of Joshua was ac- fess and forsake our sins that they may cepted, the command was given to those go beforehand to judgment and be that stood by, " Take away the Ill thy blotted out. Now is the time to "cleanse garments from him." And unto Joshua ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh the Angel said, "Behold, I have caused and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear thine iniquity to pass from thee, and I of God." It is dangerous to delay this will clothe thee with change of raiment." work. Satan is even now seeking by "So they set a fair mitre upon his head, disasters upon sea and land to seal the and clothed him with garments." Even fate of as many as possible. What is so will all those who come to Jesus in the defense of the people of God at this penitence and faith receive the robe of time? It is a living connection with Christ's righteousness. heaven. If we would dwell in safety As we approach the perils of the last from the noisome pestilence, if we would days, the temptations of the enemy be- be preserved from dangers seen and come stronger and more determined. 156 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. Satan has come down in great power, The promise made to Joshua is made knowing that his time is short ; and he to all the remnant people of God: "If is working "with all deceivableness of thou wilt walk in my ways [not in your unrighteousness in them that perish." own ways], and if thou wilt keep my The warning comes to us through God's charge, then thou shalt also judge my word, that, if it were possible, he would house, and shalt also keep my courts,. deceive the very elect. and I will give thee places to walk Wonderful events are soon to open among these that stand by." Who are before the world. The end of all things these that stand by ? They are the an- is at hand. The time of trouble is gels of God. Could our eyes be opened, about to come upon the people of God. as were those of the servant of Elisha at Then it is that the decree will go forth Dothan, we should see evil angels all forbidding those who keep the Sabbath around us, urging their presence upon of the Lord to buy or sell, and threaten- us, and watching for an opportunity to ing them with punishment, and even tempt and overthrow us ; we should also death, if they do not observe the first see holy angels guarding us, and with day of the week as the Sabbath. their light and power pressing back the "And at that time shall Michael stand evil angels. up, the great Prince which standeth for Ike could...may see the many dan- the children of thy people; and there gers from which we are daily preserved shall be a time of trouble, such as never by the holy angels, instead of complain- was since there was a nation even to ing of our trials and misfortunes, we that same time ; and at that time thy Would talk continually of the mercies of people shall be delivered, every one that God. How precious in the sight of God shall be found written in the book." are his people ! If Satan had his way, By this we see the importance of having whenever an effort is made to bring our names written in the book of life. souls into the truth, both the minister and All whose names are registered there those who come to hear would be made, will be delivered from Satan's power, to suffer in body and in mind. But an- and Christ will command that their gels of God are commissioned to accom- filthy garments be removed, and that pany his servants, and to protect them they be clothed with his righteousness. and their hearers. Satan pleads for the "And they shall be mine, saith the Lord privilege of separating these angels from of hosts, in that day when I make up my them, that he may compass their de- jewels; and I will spare them, as a man struction ; but Jesus forbids it. If it spareth his own son that serveth him." were not for the constant guardianship In the time of trouble, Satan stirs up of these angels, we would not be able the wicked, and they encircle the people to live on the earth and present the of God to destroy them. But he does truth. not know that "pardon" has been writ- There have been times since the third ten opposite their names in the books of angel's message was first proclaimed, heaven. He does not know that the when angels in the form of human command has been given, "Take away beings have appeared to men, and con- the filthy garments" from them, clothe versed with them as they did with Abra- them with "change of raiment," and set ham of old. When the complaints of "a fair mitre" upon their heads. Satan are entered against the servants PRACTICAL ADDRESSES. 157 of God, angels are often sent down to be ye shall be hid in the day of the investigate their course, sometimes con- Lord's anger." versing with men unbeknown to them. In view of what is soon to come upon They sometimes question those in error, the earth, I entreat you, brethren and until they tell all that is in their hearts, sisters, to walk before God in all meek- and then these angels bear their report ness and lowliness of mind, remember- back to heaven, relating things just as ing the care that Jesus has for you. they exist. All the meek of the earth are exhorted Jacob, in his vision of the ladder to seek him. Those who have wrought whose base rested upon the earth, and his judgments are to seek him. Let whose topmost round reached to the self break in pieces before God. It is highest heaven, saw the God of heaven hard to do this ; but we are warned to standing above this ladder of glorious fall upon the rock and be broken, else brightness, and angels of God constantly it will fall upon us, and grind us to ascending and descending upon it. This powder. It is to the humble in heart fitly represents the love and care of God that Jesus speaks ; his everlasting arms for his children, and the constant com- encircle them, and he will_not leave munication there is between earth and them, to perish., by the hands of the heaven. It is also intended to impress wicked. us with the importance of walking cir- All heaven is interested in the salva- cumspectly before God. Oh that I could tion of the human race ; what are you say something to impress you with the doing for yourselves, brethren? While offensive character of sin in God's sight! from the light of the cross of Calvary you There are many to-day who profess obtain a view of the great love of God for to serve God, but who are not doing so man, do not build yourselves up in self- in reality. But when Christ comes it esteem ; but in humility of soul stand will be known who are the chosen of before God as prisoners of hope.' Why God. "Then shall ye return, and dis- not be in earnest in your efforts for cern between the righteous and the eternal life? Why not manifest a per- wicked, between him that serveth God severance and an intensity of desire and him that serveth him not. For, proportionate to the value of the object behold, the day cometh that shall burn of which you are in pursuit ? Instead as an oven ; and all the proud, yea, and of doing this, many now engage in the all that do wickedly, shall be stubble ; work of God at will, and let it alone at and the day that cometh shall burn them pleasure. They thus invite Satan to up, saith the Lord of hosts, that it shall come in and take possession of their leave them neither root nor branch." hearts. The exhortation of the prophet is, What is it to be a Christian ? It is to "Gather yourselves together, yea, gather be Christ-like ; it is to do the works of together, 0 nation not desired; before Christ. Some fail on one pointf, some the decree bring forth, before the day on another. Some are naturally impa- pass as the chaff, before the fierce anger tient. Satan understands their weak- of the Lord come upon you." "Seek ye ness, and manages to overcome them the Lord, all ye meek of the earth, again and again. But let none be dis- -which have wrought his judgment; seek couraged by this. Whenever little an- righteousness, seek meekness ; it may noyances and trials arise, ask God in si- 158 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

lent prayer to give you strength and the command goes forth to the angels- grace to bear them patiently. There- is, to protect them. Then in the day of a power in silence ; do not speak a word fierce trial he will say, " Come, my peo- until you have s_ent. up your _petition, to ple, enter thou into thy chambers, and the God of heaven. If you will always shut thy doors about thee; hide thyself do this, you will soon overcome your as it were for a little moment, until the hasty temper, and you will have a little indignation he overpast." What are heaven here to go to heaven in. the chambers in. which they are to - God wants his people to cleanse their hide? They are the protection of Christ .' hands and purify their hearts: Will it and holy angels. The people of God make them unhappy to do this ? Will it are not at this time all in one place. bring unhappiness into their families if They are in different companies, and in they are kind and patient, courteous and all parts of the earth ; and they will be forbearing? Far from it. The kindness tried singly, not in groups. Every one they manifest toward their families will must stand the test for himself. be reflected upon themselves. This is There has never been a time when the work that should be carried forward the people of God have had' greater in the home. If the members of a family need to claim his promises than now, are not prepared to dwell in peace here, Let the hapd,of faith pass through the, they are not prepared to dwell in the darkness, and grasp the arm of infinite family that shall gather around the great power. While we speak of the neces- white throne. Sin always brings dark- sity of separating from sin, remember ness and bondage; but right-doing will that Christ came to our world to save sin- bring peace and holy joy. ners, and that "he is able also to save The work of overcoming is a great them to the uttermost that come unto work. Shall we take hold of it with God by him." It is our privilege to be- energy and perseverance ? Unless we lieve that his blood is able to cleanse us do, our "filthy garments" will not be from every spot and stain of sin. We taken from us. We need never expect must not limit the power of the Holy One that these will be torn from us violently; of Israel. He wants us to come to him we must first show a desire to rid our- just as we are, sinful and polluted. His selves of them. We must seek to sepa- blood is efficacious. I entreat you not rate sin from us, relying upon the merits to grieve his Spirit by continuing in sin. of the blood of Christ; and then in the If you fall under temptation, do not day of affliction, when the enemy presses become discouraged. This promise us, we shall walk among the angels. They comes ringing down along the line to will be like a wall of fire about us; and our time: "If any man sin, we have an we shall one day walk with them in the advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ city of God. the righteous." I feel that for this one When tempted to sin, let us remem- promise a continual song of thanksgiving ber that Jesus is pleading for us in ought to go forth from the lips of mortals. the heavenly sanctuary. When we put Let us gather up these precious jewels of away our sins and come to him in faith, promise, and when Satan accuses us of he takes our names in his lips and pre- our great sinfulness, and tempts us to sents them to his Father, saying, "I have doubt the power of God to save, let us graven them upon the palms of my repeat the- words of Christ, "Him that hands ; I know them by name." And cometh to me I will in no wise cast out." NOTES OF TRAVEL.

BY MRS. E. G. WHITE.

FROM CALIFORNIA TO SWITZERLAND.

ULY 13, 1885, in company with W. C. look to the past, when, under the most C, White and his wife, and Sister Sarah forbidding circumstances, I had moved McEnterfer, I left California on my long- out in faith, according to the best light contemplated journey to Europe. For I had, and the Lord had strengthened months I had looked forward to this jour- and supported. I did so ; and decided ney with anything but pleasure. To travel to act on the judgment of the General across the continent in the heat of sum- Conference, and start on the journey, mer and in my feeble state of health, trusting in God. Bidding farewell to seemed almost presumptuous. Since at- the friends in Healdsburg, I returned. tending the State camp-meetings in 1884, with my son to Oakland. Here I was I had suffered great mental weariness and invited to speak to the church Sabbath physical debility. For months at a time afternoon. I hesitated ; but these words I had been able to write but very little. came to me with power, "My grace is As the appointed time for us to go drew sufficient for you," and I consented. I near, my faith was severely tested. I then felt that I must seek God most so much desired some one of experience earnestly. I knew that he was able to upon whom I could rely for counsel and deliver in a manner that I could not encouragement. My courage was gone, discern. In thus trusting, my fears and I longed for human help, one who were removed, but not my weak- had a firm hold from above, and whose ness. I rode to the church and entered. faith would stimulate mine. By day and the desk, believing that the Lord would by night my prayers ascended to heaven help me. While speaking, I felt that that I might know the will of God the everlasting arms were about me, and have perfect submission to it. Still imparting physical strength and mental my way was not made clear ; I had no clearness to speak the word with power. special evidence that I was in the path The love and blessing of God filled my of duty or that my prayers had been heart, and from that hour I began to heard. gather strength and courage. The next About this time my son William vis- Monday I felt no hesitancy in stepping ited Healdsburg, and his words were on board the cars en route for Michigan. full of courage and faith. He bade me In this experience I learned over (159) 160 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. again the lesson I have had to learn so was attracted to a young man who ap- many times, that I must lean wholly peared very uneasy during the service. upon God, whatever my perplexity. He At one time he would seem almost ready will never leave nor forsake those who to weep, and again would manifest great commit their ways to him. We must pleasure. He afterward stated to one not depend on human strength or wis- of our number that it was the first prayer dom, but make him our counselor and he had heard for five years ; yet in the guide in all things. home of his youth, prayer was offered Although I had prayed for months by his parents daily. that the Lord would make my path so I am convinced that we lose much by plain that I might know that I was mak- forgetting Jesus when we travel. We ing no mistake, still I was obliged to say cannot, while upon the cars or boats, that " God hangs a mist o'er my eyes." enter our closets and there be alone But when I had taken my seat in the with God ; but we can gird up the loins ears, the assurance came that I was of the mind, and uplift our hearts to him moving in accordance with the will of in silent prayer for grace to keep our God. Many friends had come to the thoughts stayed upon him ; and he will station to see us off. It was a place surely hear us.. There will be temp- of great confusion, and I had not been tations to let our thoughts and words able to bear anything of the kind for flow in the same channel with those of months. But it did not trouble me now. the worldlings around us; but it should The sweet peace that God alone can be kept in mind that " in the multitude give was imparted to me, and, like a of words there wanteth not sin." Those wearied child, I found rest in Jesus. who are Christians will profess Christ in The weather during the first part of their choice conversation, in their so- our journey was exceedingly oppressive. briety, and in their deportment wherever At one place the thermometer stood at they are. 125° in the shade. In Southern Cali- When we reached Kansas City, we fornia and Arizona the wind was as hot found that a place had been reserved for as though it came from a furnace. This our company in a chair car. The change was what I had dreaded ; but to our from one train to another was easily great surprise I was not exhausted by made, and the next day we reached the heat. The blessing of the Lord Chicago, where we were met by breth- continued to rest upon me as we jour- ren who accompanied us to Battle neyed, and I grew stronger every day. Creek. We can truly say that the jour- Several of our friends who were ney across the plains was accomplished going to Iowa and Michigan accom- with as little inconvenience and weari- panied us across the plains, so there were ness as we have ever experienced in thirteen in our party. From Mojave to the twenty-six times that we have passed Kansas City there were only two or over the road. The Lord blessed us, three other passengers in the car, and as and we feel it a privilege to give him these readily consented, we erected the all the glory. At Battle Creek I was altar of prayer, and held religious serv- pleased to meet many old friends, and ice on the Sabbath. From time to to find a few days of quiet and rest in time some of the train men would drop the home of my son Edson. in and listen. One day my attention Sabbath forenoon I spoke in the Tab- FROM CALIFORNIA TO SWITZERLAND. 161

,ernade, and in the afternoon attended much of the time on deck; but the the social meeting. It was a precious fourth day out was very rough, and we privilage for me to bear my testimony, felt best in our berths. The port-holes, and to listen to the testimonies of the which during the first days of the voy- brethren and sisters. The Lord seemed age had been left open, admitting the very near, and his presence is always life, fresh, pure air of the ocean, were now and health, and peace. The thought kept closed for several days ; but the would arise, We shall never all meet here system of ventilation on this ship was again; but shall we all meet around the excellent. There was a constant circu- great white throne ? Who of this large lation of cold, pure air, and I suffered congregation will be missing in the much less from sea-sickness than I had Paradise of God ? Who will be among anticipated, and was enabled during the the conquerors, and sing the song of passage to write over one hundred triumph in that home of eternal bliss ? pages of important matter. The last Wednesday noon, July 29, we re- part of the way we had much fog, which sumed our eastward journey, stopping, caused the ship to run slow, and made at the request of friends, at Rome, the voyage somewhat monotonous. One N. Y., for a few hours' consultation with night we stopped entirely, as the captain some of the leading brethren of that feared, from the sudden fall in the tem- Conference, and spending Sabbath and perature, that we were near icebergs. Sunday at Worcester, Mass., where Eld. I cannot speak too highly of the ,Canright was holding tent-meetings. steamer Cephalonia, which was our Monday afternoon we were taken by floating home for nearly eleven days. It private conveyance to South Lancaster. is not one of the fastest, but it is said to This ride of seventeen miles was a rest, be one of the most comfortable, steamers as were also the few days spent in the on the Atlantic. The captain and all quiet home of Sister Harris, although the officials were kind and accommodat- much of my time while there was de- ing. The cooking was sensible, the voted to completing important writings food palatable. The bread, both white that I was anxious to leave with the and graham, was excellent, and fruits, brethren before sailing. Thursday I vegetables, and nuts were served liber- again visited Worcester, held a meeting ally ; while those who preferred meat with the missionary workers there, and found it prepared in almost every style. then returned to Lancaster. The evening of the 18th we arrived A short ride on the morning of the in Liverpool, where we were met by 7th, brought us to Boston. The steamer friends, and taken to the home of Bro. on which we had secured passage did Drew. Here we united with the breth- not leave the dock till Sabbath morning; ren in a season of thanksgiving to God but we were allowed to go on board for his preserving care during the jour- with our baggage Friday evening. As ney, and the next morning, accompanied we commenced the Sabbath with prayer, by Bro. Wilcox, we took the cars for the Lord seemed very near, and his Grimsby, which is at present the head- peace and blessing came into our hearts. quarters of our mission work in England; The day was one of rest and quiet. As we paused here and I looked back The weather during the first part of upon our long journey across the conti- the voyage was pleasant, and we spent nent of America and the broad waters 162 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. of the Atlantic, it was with surprise and for worship, the room was full, and feelings of gratitude for the strength I some were seated in the hall. I have had received. I had traveled more ever felt great solemnity in addressing than seven thousand miles, writ ten over large audiences, and have tried to place two hundred pages, and spoken thirteen myself wholly under the guidance of times ; and I could truly say that my the Saviour. But I felt even more health was much better than when we solemn, if possible, in standing before started. To me this was abundant evi- this small company, who, in the face of dence that I was in the path of duty. obstacles, of reproach and losses, had stepped aside from the multitude who LABORS IN ENGLAND. were making void the law of God, and The first two weeks after we landed had turned their feet into the way of in Liverpool we spent in visiting among his commandments. In the afternoon the churches and unorganized companies a Sabbath-school and social meeting of Sabbath-keepers in England. At were held. I spoke about thirty minutes Grimsby we found the mission, or office in the meeting, and others followed. As of the Present Truth., occupying a con- I listened to the testimonies borne, I venient, well lighted, and pleasantly lo- could not but think how similar is the cated building. All the work on the experience of all true followers of Christ. paper, except the press-work, is done in There is but "one, Lord, one faith, one this building, and most of the workers baptism." live here. There is also in the house Sunday forenoon we had another a good-sized room which is used for meeting of the brethren and sisters, and meetings. We believe that the time in the evening I spoke in the Town Hall. will soon come when it will be necessary This, the largest audience room in the to secure a larger building, and to pur- place, was crowded, and many were chase a press upon which to print the obliged to stand. Those who were best paper, as well as books and tracts, so acquainted with the hall estimated that that the light may shine forth in more there were twelve hundred present. I distinct rays to every part of the king- have seldom seen a more intelligent, dom. noble-looking company. The " Union Friday evening I spoke in Temperance Temperance Prize Choir" volunteered Hall, on the subject of Temperance in to come and sing. This choir, which the Home. The idea that it is neces- was composed of about fifty voices, did sary to commence the work of instruc- justice to the English love of music by tion in self-denial and temperance in singing seven pieces, three at the open- childhood, seemed new to the people. ing, two at the close, and two after the The most respectful attention was given benediction. The subject of the evening as I tried to impress upon parents their was the love of God ; and as I reflected accountability to God, and the impor- that not until the last great day would I tance of laying the foundation of firm again meet all there assembled, I tried principles in their children, thus building to present the precious things of God in a barrier around them against future such a way as to draw their minds from temptations. earth to heaven. But I could only warn Sabbath forenoon, when the little and entreat, and hold up Jesus as the company of Sabbath-keepers assembled center of attraction, and a heaven of FROM CALIFORNIA TO SWITZERLAND. 16s bliss as the eternal reward of the over- Thursday we took the cars for London. comer. Here we had the pleasure of meeting Monday we visited Ulceby, where a Eld. W. M. Jones, editor and publisher little company of Sabbath-keepers had of the Sabbath Memorial, and pastor of been raised up through the labors of an S. D. Baptist church in London, Bro. A. A. John. These manifested the where he has for many years stood in de- deepest interest as their attention was fense of the Bible Sabbath. We appre- called to the importance of searching ciated his kindness in accompanying us the Scriptures to ascertain what is truth. to the British Museum, and in explaining The acceptance of truth ever involves a to us many things of interest. It would cross, but the only safe course is to fol- have been pleasant and profitable to low the light God permits to shine, lest spend considerable time among these by neglect it shall become darkness. interesting relics ; but we were obliged One lady who had been convinced of to be content with only a few hours the truth, but who was still in the valley here in order that we might meet ap- of decision, there determined to obey all pointments at Southampton. the commandments of God. Southampton was one of the earliest Wednesday, accompanied by Bro. S. H. Roman settlements. Its history reaches Lane, we went to Risely, a small town back to the ninth century. At the pres- about forty miles from London. Here ent time it has, with its suburban vil- Brn. Lane and Durland had been holding lages, a population of over one hundred a tent-meeting for four weeks. The tent thousand. Here we saw the old Roman seated about three hundred, and in the wall and gates with towers above, which evening it was full, and a large number were once used as courts of justice. stood outside. Although built over nine hundred years My heart was especially drawn out for ago, the wall in many places has not this people, and I would gladly have been impaired by age. It was in this remained longer with them. Of the place that our mission in England was audience it could be said, There were first established, and here it remained till honorable women not a few. Several 1884, when it was removed to Grimsby. of these had commenced to keep the While at Southampton I spoke to the Sabbath. Many of the men were con- church Friday evening, and twice on the vinced of the truth; but the question Sabbath. Appointments were out for with thein was not whether they could Sunday evening in a large hall ; but keep the Sabbath and have the conven- Sunday morning found me sick with a iences and luxuries of life, but whether severe cold. I could sit up but little. they could obtain bread, simple bread, During the day we rode out, and t came for their children. Some conscientious near fainting. The brethren saw that souls have begun to keep the Sabbath. it would be impossible for me to speak The faith of such will be severely tested. that night unless the Ird should work But will not He who careth for the ra- in a special manner. I tried to pray vens care much more for those who over the matter, and decided to do my love and fear him? God's eye is upon part. I arose from the bed, rode to the his conscientious, faithful children in and stood upon my feet, and the England, and he will make a way for Lord gave me strength as he had many them to keep all his commandments. times before under similar circum- 164 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. stances. The pain in my head ceased, missionary spirit at this time. The end the soreness in my throat was removed, so near, the warning of a soon-coming and I spoke for more than an hour with Judgment yet to be given to all nations, perfect freedom. The Lord's name shall tongues, and peoples, yet where are the have all the glory. Monday morning I men who are willing to make any and was able to return with our company every sacrifice to get the truth before to London, where we remained two days the world ? Some who do go forth as before going to Switzerland. missionaries are so grieved to leave the Although England covers a small ter- things they love that they keep in a ritory, it has a vast population, and is a state of sorrow and depression, and one- large missionary field. Hundreds could half of their usefulness is destroyed. find room to work here if they had the They are not called to go among hea- missionary spirit. The city of London then or savages, to suffer for food or alone has twice as many people as all clothing, nor are they deprived of even the Pacific Coast States and Territories. the conveniences of life ; and yet they But where, oh where are the men who look upon themselves as martyrs. Such have love enough for the truth and are not bold soldiers of the cross of .precious souls to give themselves with Christ. They do not give him willing unselfish devotion to the work ? Men service. are wanted who are willing to leave True, there are many difficulties to be their farms, their business, and their met in presenting the truth even in families, if need be, to become mission- Christian England. One of the greatest aries. There have been men, who, of,these is the difference in the condition stirred by the love of Christ and the of the three principal classes, and the love of souls, have left the comforts of feeling of caste, which is very strong in home and the society of friends, even this country. In the city the capitalists, that of wife and children, to go into the shop-keepers, and the day-laborers, foreign lands, among savages and idol- and in the country the landlords, the aters, in hope of sowing the seeds of tenant-farmers, and the farm-laborers, truth. Many have lost their lives in the form three general classes, between attempt, but others have been raised up whom there are wide differences in ed- to carry forward the work. Thus the ucation, in sentiment, and in circum- work has progressed step by step, and stances. It is very difficult for one per- the seeds of truth sown in sorrow have son to labor for all classes at the same borne a bountiful harvest. The knowl- time. Wealth means greatness and edge of the Bible has been extended, power; poverty, little legs than slavery. and the gospel banner has been estab- This is an order of things that God lished in heathen lands. never designed should exist. Nothing of Salvation was brought to us at great this kind was seen anciently among his self-denial and infinite cost by the Son people when he was their acknowledged of God. Some have followed his exam- leader. Valuable lessons might be ple, and have not let farms, or pleasant learned by the rulers of to-day, if they homes, or even loved ones, stand in would study the plan of government their way. They have left all for Christ. given to the children of Israel. But I am grieved and astonished that People were subject to misfortune, there are so few who have the real sickness, and loss of property the same FROM CALIFORNIA TO SWITZERLAND. 165 then as now ; but so long as they fol- eat. This was to impress the people- lowed the instruction given by God with the fact that it was God's land there were no beggars among them, nei- which they were permitted to possess ther any who suffered for food. Their for a time ; that he was the rightful wise Governor, foreseeing that misfor- owner, the original proprietor, and that tune would befall some, made provision, he would have special consideration for them. When the people entered Ca- made for the poor and unfortunate. naan, the land was divided among them This provision was made to lessen suf- according to their numbers, and special fering, to bring some ray of hope, to laws were enacted to prevent any one flash some gleam of sunshine, into the person from joining field to field, and lives of the suffering and distressed. Is claiming as his, all the land that he de- any such statute regarded in England? sired, or had money to purchase. No Far from it. The Lord set needy hu- one was allowed to choose the most fer- man beings before the beasts; but this tile parts for himself, and leave the poor order has been reversed there, and, and less desirable portions for his compared with the poor, horses, dogs, brother ; for this would cultivate selfish- and other dumb animals are treated as ness and a spirit of Oppression, and give princes. In some localities the poor are cause for dissatisfaction, complaint, and forbidden to step out of the path to pick dissension. the wild flowers which grow in abun- By the special direction of God, the dance in many of the open fields. An- land was divided by lot. After it had ciently a man when hungry was per- been thus divided, no one was to feel at mitted to enter another man's field or liberty, either from a love of change or vineyard and eat as much as he chose. a desire to make money, to trade his Even Christ and his disciples plucked estate ; neither was he to sell his land and ate of the corn through which they unless compelled to do so on account of passed. But how changed the order of poverty. And then whenever he or any things now ! of his kindred might desire to redeem If the lam given by God had con- it, the one who had purchased it must tinued to be carried out, how different not refuse to sell it. And if the poor would be the present condition of the man had no one to redeem it for him, world, morally, spiritually, and tem- and was unable to do so himself, in the porally. Selfishness and self-importance year of jubilee it should revert to him, would not be manifested as now ; but and he should have the privilege of re- each would cherish a kind regard for turning to his home and again enjoying the happiness and welfare of others, and it. Thus the poor and unfortunate were such wide-spread destitution and human ever to have an equal chance with their wretchedness as is now seen in most more fortunate neighbors. parts of England and Ireland would not More than this, the Israelites were in- exist. Instead of the poorer classes be- structed to sow and reap their fields for ing kept under the iron heel of oppres- six successive years ; but every seventh sion by the wealthy, instead of having year they were commanded to let the other men's brains to think and plan for land rest. Whatever grew of itself was them in temporal as well as in spiritual to be gathered by the poor; and what things, they would have some chance they left, the beasts of the field were to for independence of thought and action. 166 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

The sense of being owners of their middle and poorer classes. This was own homes would. inspire them with a the case in Paul's day. The truth en- strong desire for improvement. They tered CEesar's household through one would soon acquire skill in planning and who was held in bonds, and men and devising for themselves, their children women of high rank became disciples of would be educated to habits of industry Christ. Some who are now employed and economy, and the intellect would in England as servants and ladies' maids be greatly strengthened. They would are quietly working to get the truth be- feel that they are men, not slaves ; and fore those for whom they labor. Thus would be able Lo regain to a great de- through servants or relatives the truth gree their lost self-respect and moral will reach the honest-hearted among independence. It is not impossible that the highest as well as the lowest. deer might often be replaced by equally Energy and a spirit of self-sacrifice beautiful herds of cattle ; that landscape and self-denial are needed in entering gardening and ornamental building be- the missionary field. I know whereof hind immense stone walls might be car- I speak. Resolute and unyielding men ried on with less contempt for expense ; will accomplish much. We have had that there would be less money to spare an experience in the work from its com- for yachting, and for building dog palaces mencement. It began in weakness ; but and hiring men to care for them. In- we can testify that wonders can be ac- deed, we might then reasonably look complished by resolute perseverance, for simplicity of manners to be mani- patient toil, and firm trust in the Lord fested among the higher classes instead God' of Israel. There is scarcely a limit of their present exclusiveness and no- to what may be achieved, even in En- tions of their own dignity, and for high gland, if the efforts to advance Bible thinking to take the place of high living. truth are governed by enlightened judg- In a country where so large a part of ment, and backed up by earnest exertion. the people are kept in such a state of servitude to the wealthy, and the higher FROM LONDON TO BASLE. classes are held in bondage by long- Wednesday morning, September 2, we established customs, it is only to be were to leave London for Basle. Bro. expected that the advancement of un- H. W. Kellogg, who had been in London popular truth will at first be slow. But with W. C. White about a week, attend- if the brethren will be patient, and the ing to business connected with the laborers will be fully awake and thor- publishing houses at Basle and at oughly in earnest to improve every Christiania, Norway, was to accompany opportunity which presents itself for us. We had determined on an early spreading the light, we are sure that an departure ; but this, as those know who abundant harvest of souls will yet be are familiar with London habits, was reaped from English soil. By tact and not an easy matter. At eight o'clock perseverance, ample means will be found in the morning the principal business for reaching the people. streets of London are as quiet as are There will no doubt always be diffi- those in most of our American cities at culty in reaching the higher classes. six o'clock ; and business men are not But the truth will often find its way to to be found in their offices until a still the noblemen by first reaching the later hour. FROM CALIFORNIA TO SWITZERLAND. 167

At the small hotel at which we were ticed. There each person has to look staying, there was little sign of life be- out for his own " luggage," as it is fore seven o'clock. We asked for break- called, and see that it is put in and taken fast at six, but were told that it would out at the right station. be impossible to furnish anything so The first sight of an English train early. By previous experience we had gives anything but a favorable impres- learned that usually at this hour the sion. The cars are lower, narrower, fires were not built, nor were the doors and shorter than the American cars ; unlocked. So, to carry out our plan, we and they look even shorter than they purchased bread, fruit, and milk in the really are, because they have no project- evening, and asked_ for dishes to be ing platforms at the ends, and no over- brought to our rooms that we might hanging roofs. The platform is not prepare our own break- fast. The porter was feed to get up early and have the door unlocked at half past six ; but this he failed to do until wakened by us in the morning. After this experience, we con- cluded that in order to enjoy traveling in Europe it is better to conform to the customs of the country 7—,, than to try to introduce our own. We could have taken a later train, but thought that the early one would be less crowded and AN ENGLISH TRAIN. more pleasant. At the station, an effort was made to needed, because the car is entered from " check " the trunks to Basle. But on the side. As you approach the train, a the English roads there are no checks. gentlemanly official opens the door of After we had paid for all that was in a first, second, or third class compart- excess of fifty-five pounds for each ticket, ment, according to your ticket, and if they pasted onto each piece of baggage you object to one in which smoking is two strips of paper, one with the word permitted, he finds one in which it is "Basle" written on it, the other contain- prohibited. Entering through the nar- ing the number " 103." To us they gave row door, you find yourself in a little one of the papers numbered "103," after room about seven feet by nine, with they had written on it the number of two seats and two doors, a seat on each pieces we had left in their charge. This side and a door at each end. The end is the nearest thing to our American of the compartment is the side of the checking system that is to be found in car. On each side of the doors are Europe. And on many of the local stationary= windows, and in the upper roads in England, even this is not prac- part of the door is a window which can 168 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

be lowered or raised according to the rarely occur; but when one does, the amount of ventilation desired. Just be- lave s are very severe on the railroad fore the train leaves the station, the company. doors are all closed and locked, and are The ride from London to Dover oc- at once unlocked on reaching another cupied several hours, and was very sit pleasant. Although it was September, the country through which we passed looked as fresh and green as though it had been spring-time. This formed a striking contrast to the dry, brown fields of a rainless California autumn, and is no doubt due in a large degree to the humid climate of England. Were it not for the numerous manufacturing towns and villages thickly dotted here and there, the country would seem like one vast park, as everything is kept in such a high state of cultivation. At Dover we went on board a small steamer which-took us across the English Channel. The weather was fine, and the channel was unusually smooth ; but the waves that would have had no effect on the Cephalonia, tossed this " TICKETS, PLEASE." little steamer about, and caused con- station. The conductor walks along a siderable sea-sickness. Our company foot-rail on the outside of the car, cling- suffered but little. At Calais we were ing to rods placed there for this purpose, to take a night train for Basle. Bro. and receives the tickets through the Kellogg and William thought best to window. On fast trains the tickets are secure a berth for me in the sleeping usually examined at the stations. car; but we were traveling with second- The English engine is a plain, home- class tickets, and the only sleeping car ly-looking affair, without polish or on this train was a first-class coach. ornament. There is no bell, no im- To exchange my ticket for first-class, and mense cow-catcher, no great head-light. pay the additional expense for a berth These things are not necessary, because in the sleeper, would cost eleven dollars. the track is thoroughly protected either This, of course, we could not afford to by high walls or by strong fences or pay. Fortunately, however, we secured hedges, and all the road-crossings, foot- to ourselves a compartment in a car paths, and intersecting lines are gener- that went through to Basle without ally built above or below the grade. change, and by a skillful arrangement Where they are not thus built, trust- of our satchels, bundles: and blankets worthy persons are employed to guard converted our compartment into a the crossing, and at a certain signal to sleeping car, and secured a degree of close the entrance to the track, either rest. The railroad builders of Europe by gates, bars, or chains. Accidents have not planned, as have those in FROM CALIFORNIA TO SWITZERLAND. 169

America, to prevent the comfort of city. The building faces the south, and travelers ; and if you can secure plenty directly opposite is a sixty-acre common of room, you can make yourself quite of government land, bordered by trees. comfortable for the night in these On the other side of the common are coaches that at first seem so strange large buildings, behind which rise gently and inconvenient. We could have slept sloping hills covered with green fields quite well had it not been for the care- and pretty groves. On one of the hills taking officials, who would throw open directly opposite us Stands a quaint little the door at many of the stations, and church, and an old convent long since rattle off some information which we deserted, and occupied now only by a did not understand. farmer. Back of all this rise higher About six o'clock in the morning we mountains, covered with dark firs and reached Basle. Here we were met at forming a fine background to the lovely the train by friends, and taken at once scene. to the office of Les Signes des Temps, The city of Basle was an impor- where we met old friends whom we tant place to the Protestant reformers. had not seen for years. We are much Switzerland was one of the first coun- pleased with the location of the new tries of Europe to catch the light of publishing house. While sufficiently morning, and to announce the rise of near the center of the town for all reformation. And Basle was one of business purposes, it is far enough out those points on which the light of day to avoid the noise and confusion of the concentrated its rays, and whence they 12 170 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

radiated over the surrounding country. its continuance. A civil war was feared. It was not, however, until years of The people passed night after night in waiting and conflict had passed that the arms. The numbers on both sides contin- Reformation was fully established here. ued to increase. At last twelve hundred The reformed then took the matter in persons who sympathized with Luther- their own hands, and, assembling-to the anism, insisted that there should be no number of three hundred, petitioned the more delay, and meeting one evening by municipal council, who affected to oc- torch-light, they said to the faltering cupy a neutral position, to abolish the senate, " What you have not been able observance of the mass. In vain did to do in three years, we will do in a

BURNING OF IMAGES IN BASLE.

the city magis- single hour." They then began their trates try to work of breaking down images, and reconcile pa- committing other acts of violence. Con- pists and re- tinuing their work far into the night, Rat formers by half they visited all the churches in Basle, measures. The demolishing with pike and ax the altars, reformers de- tearing down the pictures and idols, nounced the and committing the fragments to the k01 mass, the pa- flames on the open commons. At this pists demanded treatment of the images, Erasmus clev- FROM CALIFORNIA TO SWITZERLAND. 171 -erly remarked, " I am much surprised the different languages. Switzerland that they perform no miracle to save being a small republic, that which comes themselves; formerly the saints worked from here is not looked upon with the frequent prodigies for much smaller suspicion that it would arouse if passing - offenses." from one to another of the large rival Being the seat of a university, Basle powers. Three languages are spoken was the favorite resort of scholars. It here,—the French, the German, and the also had many printing-offices. Here Italian; therefore it is a favorable place Zwingle received his early education ; for issuing publications in these lan- here Erasmus published the New Testa- guages. ment which he had translated from the The grassy common in front of the original Greek into Latin ; here Frobe- office, of which we have spoken, is re- nius, the celebrated printer, published the served by the Swiss government for writings of Luther, and in a short time military drill. Here, day after day, at spread them in France, Spain, Italy, and certain seasons of the year, we see the England ; and here, too, John Foxe soldiers training, so that they may be spent a portion of his exile in getting ready, when needed, to engage in actual some of his books through the press. service. As we have watched the prog- Poverty and persecution troubled him, ress of the drill, and from time to time and we fancy we see him walking to noted the thoroughness manifest in and fro upon the surrounding heights, every department, the query has arisen, sympathizing with earlier exiles, who Why should there not be in Basle a large said, " We sat down, yea, we wept, army of Christian soldiers drilling for when we remembered Zion." While actual service in the battles to be fought here he issued the first installment of in the different countries of Europe the "Book of Martyrs." against tradition, superstition, and er- As we looked upon our press, work- ror ? Why should those who are pre- ing off papers containing the light of paring to fight the battle for Prince truth for the present time, we could but Immanuel be less earnest, less painstak- think how much greater difficulties than ing, less thorough, in their preparation we have met had been encountered on for the spiritual warfare ? the same soil in former times by the Basle has for years been a prominent advocates of Bible truth. Every move- missionary station among other denom- ment had to be made in secrecy, or their inations. Here is located a missionary work would be destroyed and their lives college in which young men are being imperiled. Now the way seems to be educated, and from which some are sent prepared for the truth to go forth as a out to foreign lands every year. There lamp that burneth. The Bible standard are also in the immediate vicinity sev- is raised, and the same words that fell eral other missionary educational insti- from the lips of the early reformers, tutions. It was in one of these that Bro. are being repeated : The Bible, and the Erzenberger was receiving his education Bible only, is the foundation of our faith. when the truth first found him. In the providence of God, our publish- We know of no better place in Eu- ing house is located on this sacred spot. rope for us to educate workers than We could not wish for a more favorable right here in Basle. The new office af- location for the publication of truth in fords an excellent opportunity for per- 172 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. sons to learn various branches of the are to be educated and disciplined. We • work, and we would like to see scores feel alarmed at the little that is being of young men and women connected done, when we have a world-wide mes- with the office, drilling for the Master's sage, and the end of all things is . at service. We believe that the time is hand. Christ is soon to come in the - not far distant when a school will be clouds of heaven to reward every man connected with the work here, so that as his works have been. To whom will workers may be more thoroughly pre- it then be said, "Ye have done what ye pared to go forth as missionaries, and could"? also that those -of our brethren who THE SWISS CONFERENCE AND THE have children may have a place to send EUROPEAN COUNCIL. them where they will not be obliged to attend school on the Sabbath. We are One week after we reached Basle the grateful that some efforts are now being Swiss Conference began. This con- made to train young people to go forth tinued from Sept. 10-14, and was fol- as soldiers of the cross of Christ to war lowed by the European Council, which against the enemies of truth. But we lasted until the 28th. The Conference regret that these efforts are so crippled was quite generally attended by our Swiss because of our limited means. brethren, and by representatives from The people of God are not half Germany, France, Italy, and Roumania. awake. A stupor seems to be paralyz- There were nearly two hundred breth- ing their sensibilities. Each of us will ren and sisters assembled ; and a more soon have to stand before the Judge of intelligent, noble-looking company is all the earth, to answer for the deeds seldom seen. done in the body. All will then have to As I looked over this congregation of give an account for the good they might dear friends, so ardent and cheerful in have done, but did not do because they the truth, and so anxious to catch every were not so closely connected with God ray of additional light, my reflections that they could know his will and un- were indeed solemn. I thought, These derstand his claims upon them. If the have been highly favored in receiving money that has been expended annually a knowledge of the present truth. They by our brethren in selfish gratification have accepted it in the face of oppo- had been placed in the mission treasury, sition and ridicule, and often at the where there is now one missionary in expense of worldly prosperity. How the field there might be one hundred. earnest should they be to help and en- Who will have to render an account for courage one another! They are the this great lack of funds? Many of our members of Christ's body, and we are American brethren have done nobly and members one of another. The Day-star willingly for the advancement of the has risen in their hearts; the rays of truth in Europe. But there is a great the Sun of Righteousness have shone work yet to be done. Many who have upon their minds. Happy people indeed given liberally could do more, and who are thus highly favored ! Truly, . others should now come forward and " it doth not yet appear what we shall bear their share of the burden. Now is be; but we know that, when He shall the time when houses and lands should appear, we shall be like him ; for we - be converted into mission funds. Men shall see him as he is." FROM CALIFORNIA TO SWITZERLAND. 173

The meetings increased in interest attended by laborers from England, Ire- ,from the first. The congregation was land, Wales, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, divided into three parts, those speaking Germany, France, Italy, and Roumania. German, French, and English, each Besides the regular business meetings company occupying a different part of each day, there were held two Bible the hall. Two interpreters followed readings, a class for the benefit of can- the speaker. If the sermon or tes- vassers and colporters, and one for those timony was given in English, it was who wished to learn English. There translated into French and German. If were also several ministers' meetings, given in French, it was translated into besides the sermons and regular morn- German and English, and into French ing meetings for social worship. I felt and English if given in German. This urged by the Spirit of God throughout way of speaking was rather embarrass- the meetings to impress upon all the ing at first ; but this soon wore away, importance of cultivating love and unity. and to me it has proved far less taxing I tried to present the danger of building than I anticipated. up separate interests between different Sabbath and Sunday were precious nationalities. seasons. The Lord especially blessed If we have the truth, the work in these in speaking Sunday afternoon. At the countries must enlarge. New fields will close of the discourse an invitation was be continually opening, and the church given for all who desired to be Chris- must extend her efforts by entering these tians, and all who felt that they had not fields. The message must go, notwith- a living connection with God, to come standing the hard times. We must make forward, that we might unite our prayers special efforts in this direction now, while with theirs for the pardon of sin, and the angels are holding, the four winds. for grace to resist temptation. This Soon the time to labor will be past. was a new experience for many, but Who does not want to have a part in they did not hesitate. It seemed that this closing work? All can do some- the entire congregation were on their thing. Those who cannot give them- feet, and the best they could do was selves can give of their means, and all to be seated, and all seek the Lord to- can pray not only that the Lord will gether. Here was an entire congregation raise up laborers, but that the treasury manifesting their determination to put may be supplied with the necessary away sin, and to engage most earnestly funds to extend the work. Pray, breth- in the work of seeking God. After ren, pray earnestly, that the hearts of prayer, one hundred and fifteen testimo- some who are doing very little, and of nies were borne. Many of these showed others who have as yet done nothing, .a genuine experience in the things of God. may be opened, and that the means that At the close of the Conference, many God has intrusted to them may be used of our Swiss brethren were obliged to to his glory. The work begun in weak- return to their homes ; but some re- ness will be carried on to a glorious mained to the close of the Council, al- termination. The truth must go to all thought it continued one week longer nations, tongues, and peoples, and that. than was expected. The Council was speedily. VISIT TO SCANDINAVIA.

T the close of the meetings at Basle McEnterfer my attendant and stenogra— A the question was raised as to when pher, and Sister Cecilie Dahl of Chris- we should visit the Scandinavian mis- tiania, who had remained after the Con- sions. I was weary with labor, and ference to be our guide and interpreter. needed rest, having spoken twenty-two We could not afford to patronize the times through an interpreter, besides sleeping car, which is more expensive writing many pages. We knew that it here than in the United States, but we was late in the season for a visit to these were very fortunate in securing a com- northern countries ; June was said to be partment to ourselves, and by the use the best time to travel in the North, and of our blankets, were enabled to rest it was planned to hold the Conferences quite comfortably. The plan of the for the next year in that month. But we European car is quite favorable to a were not sure that we should remain in comfortable night's travel, when it is Europe till that time, and we felt that not crowded. the safest course was to visit the leading There is a great diversity in the rail- churches in Scandinavia at the earliest way carriages on the roads in Switzer- opportunity. The condition of some of land, Germany, and Scandinavia. On these churches had been presented to some roads they are divided, like those me in years past, with many things in England, into small compartments showing that Denmark, Norway, and between which there is no communica- Sweden were promising fields for labor. tion; on other roads, especially in Switz- We knew that a great work lay before erland, they are more like our Ameri- the missionaries in this field. They de- can coaches, where they are entered at sired our counsel about the different the end. The first-class compartments branches of the work, and we felt that are elegantly furnished. The second- we could advise with them to much class compartments, which often occupy better advantage after making them a part of the same car with the first-class,. visit. It seemed unwise to postpone till are usually clean and comfortably fur- another summer this part of the work nished, and when not overcrowded are; which we had made the long journey more comfortable than our American from America to accomplish. day-coaches. Many of the second-class We left Basle Tuesday evening, Oc- cars are divided into two compartments, tober 6. There were four in our party, two-thirds of the room being devoted — my son William and myself, Sister to the smokers, and one-third to those (174) VISIT TO SCANDINAVIA. 175 who do not smoke. The third-class tan sought to stop me in my way by cars are often closely seated with nar- sickness. From Eisenach to this place row, hard seats. On some roads, fourth- I have been suffering, and I am at this, class cars without seats are run for the moment in a worse condition than ever. accommodation of the very poorest I find that Charles has issued an edict to classes. Most of the express trains run terrify me ; but Christ lives, and we first, second, and third class coaches, shall enter Worms in spite of all the and so different are the patterns that it counsels of hell, and all the powers of is not uncommon to see a long train the air." The dwelling occupied by the with no two cars alike. reformer is still known as "Luther's. In the car which we ch;.nced to take house." for Frankfort, the seats could be drawn From Frankfort we pursued our jour- together, and the high, upholstered back ney toward Hamburg, passing through fell forward from one side, making quite a country diversified with hamlets and a comfortable couch. cities, mountains, rivers, forests, and We reached Frankfort Wednesday cultivated lands. Many features of the morning about daylight, where we landscape are quite unlike America. waited two hours. As it was raining, The farming lands are not divided by we saw but little of the city. We found fences, and instead of our wide-spreading the waiting room very pleasant, being fields much of the land is cultivated in large, and furnished with tables, chairs, narrow strips, each appropriated to a and comfortable sofas, and well supplied different crop. In summer the plains with maps and guide books. We spread appear as if covered with ribbon work our lunch upon one of the tables, and of almost every shade of green and with the addition of hot milk from the brown, giving a very pleasing effect. restaurant, enjoyed our simple breakfast. There are few scattered farm-houses. Frankfort is an ancient city, mentioned From the open country we pass sud- in history as having been the seat of a denly into the midst of high, square religious council more than a thousand blocks, in which the people are crowded years ago. It is a place of great wealth, together almost as closely as in the most and is said to possess more beautiful populous cities. The houses are usually promenades than perhaps any other city large, each containing many families. in the world. Within a short distance They are expected to last for hundreds of the town are delightful villages, and of years, and are built in the most sub- several famous watering-places. stantial manner, of brick or stone plas- In this city Charles V., Luther's great tered over on the outside. The parti- enemy, was elected to the throne of tion walls and the floors are often of Germany, and here his coronation took stone or brick, and tile or slate is used place. Hither came the reformer on his instead of shingles for covering the roof. way to the Diet at Worms. Having There is little danger of fire passing been taken suddenly ill on the journey, from one story to another. he rested for a short time at Frankfort. Many of the houses present a very Suffering as he was, and with the pros- ancient appearance, with their steep pect of a martyr's death before him, but roofs and small-paned windows. Often still undaunted, he wrote to Spalatin at a considerable part of the house appears Worms, announcing his approach. "I to be above the eaves. There may be am arrived here," he said, "though Sa- only three or four stories below the 176 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

eaves, while there are sometimes four or ored the law of God above the pre- five above, with as many rows of odd -lit- cepts of the church of Rome. tle dormer-windows on the roof. Many Only by terrible struggles has the right of the houses in the small villages and of religious liberty been maintained. in the outskirts of the towns serve the When the stake and the scaffold proved purpose both of b'rns and dwellings, ineffectual to destroy the Reformation the people living in one end of the build- in Germany, popery summoned her ar- ing and the cattle in the other. Some- mies, the Catholic States banded to- times each end is occupied by a family, gether to crush out Protestantism, and while the beasts have the center ; these for thirty years the tempests of war are usually kept in the stable by day as swept over these now fertile plains and well as by night, for most of the land is populous cities. At the opening of the too valuable to be used for pasturage. thirty years' war, in 1618, the country In this densely populated country, had reached a high state of prosperity. every foot of available land has been It is said that at that time the methods of cultivated for centuries. Wherever the cultivation were fully equal to those of country is too barren and mountainous 1818. " Germany was accounted a rich for other uses, and there are rivers to country. Under the influence of a long furnish means of transportation, it is peace its towns had enlarged in size, its devoted to the raising of forests. In villages had increased in number, and many- places where in former times the its siniling fields testified to the excel- fOrests had been destroyed, they have lence of its husbandry. The early dew been replanted at the public expense. of the Reformation was not yet exhaled. hi many States they are the property of The sweet breath of that morning gave the government, and are as carefully it a healthy moral vigor, quickened its kept as gardens. There are laws pro- art and industry, and filled the land with hibiting even private owners from wast- all good things. Wealth abounded in ing their- forests without regard to the the cities, and even the country people public good. lived' in circumstances of comfort and Here and there, crowning the loftiest ease." Since the Reformation, a school and most inaccessible heights, we see had existed in every town and village an ancient castle, often in ruins, but in which there, was a church, and a sometimes kept in repair and still inhab- knowledge of reading and writing was ited. These old battlements must have generally diffused among the people. an- eventful history. Some of them, like The Bible had found its way into their the Wartburg, were the refuge of the houses. The hymns of Luther were Protestants in the time of the Reforma- sung in their churches and their homes. tion. Could those moss-grown walls but But during the terrible years that fol- tell what has transpired within their lowed, all this was changed. Foreign strongholds, or in the mountain fast- soldiery, savage and blood-besmeared, nesses around them, we would hear sto- traversed the country, marking their ries of thrilling interest connected with course by pillage, fire, and murder. the lives of the defenders of the faith. The greatest imaginable horrors were Those witnesses for the truth were hunted so common that it was a matter of sur- down by the fury of their persecutors, prise when they failed to be perpetrated. driven into dens and mountains and At the approach of the troops, the ter- caves of the earth, because they hon- ror-stricken people sought safety in VISIT TO SCANDINAVIA. 177

AN ou, GERM CA Z.

-flight. " They dived into the darkest then won, they have ever since enjoyed. parts of the forests ; they burrowed in But the long, awful strife had covered .the bleakest moors; they lurked in old the period of a generation. When .clay pits and in masses of fallen ma- peace was at last declared, the whole .sonry ; and to this day the people of land had become a tomb. Cities, towns, those parts show the retreats where and villages were in flames. The coun- their wretched forefathers sought refuge try was empty of men ; the high-roads from the fury of the soldiery." The were without travelers, and briers and war ended in victory to the Protestants; thorns covered the once richly cultivated and the religious toleration which was fields. In some parts no more than one- 178 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. fiftieth of the population remained, and as that of Maryland, but it contains, there were regions left without inhab- more than double the number of inhab- itant. itants, its population being upwards of Such was the spirit of popery in the two millions. This country lies as far seventeenth century, and such is her north as Labrador and Hudson's Bay in spirit to-day. Let Rome but gain the America ; yet the climate is not severe ; power, and our own favored land would the winter is milder than in most of witness scenes like those that covered our Northern States. No doubt this is Germany with heaps of slain, and made largely due to the influence of the gulf- her harvest fields a lair for the wild beasts. stream, which brings a current of warm At Hamburg, about 7 P. M., we again water from the Gulf of Mexico across changed cars, and had to wait two the Atlantic Ocean to the shores of Eu- hours. After walking from one station rope. This is a priceless blessing to its to the other, we were shown into a far northern countries, which would waiting-room where men and women otherwise be deprived of many of the- were eating and drinking, and the air blessings of life. was full of tobacco smoke. We chose The scenery of Denmark is unlike to remain on the platform outside. that of Germany. The surface is an Hamburg, situated on the river Elbe, almost unbroken plain, in most places contains upwards of two hundred and but a few feet above the level of the seventy thousand inhabitants. The trade sea. Some parts, indeed, are hilly, but of all Northern Europe centers here ; it it is said that if the sea level were one is the great port of entry for the German hundred feet higher, more than half the empire, and is the most important com- country would be covered with water. mercial town on the Continent. Though The fine forests with which Denmark very ancient, it is a beautiful city. It was once adorned have decayed or was here that Tyndale, when forced to been cut down. The land is mostly flee from England, began the publica- divided into small farms, the possession tion of the English New Testament. of a few acres being the summit of a In wretched lodgings he endured hunger Danish farmer's ambition. Formerly and cold while toiling day and night to the greater part of the country was give the gospel to England. The Gos- owned by the nobility, but during the- pels of Matthew and Mark, translated present century the peasants or farmers and printed here, were secretly sent to have had an opportunity to buy the London as the first-fruits of his great work. land, and thus have become an inde- A three-hours' ride from Hamburg pendent class of society. To us this brings us at midnight to Kiel, on an arm country wears a more familiar aspect of the Baltic Sea. Here we are trans- than Germany. The fences separating ferred to a little steamer, and are soon the fields, the farm-houses dotted over at rest in our state-rooms, glad of an the landscape, and the pretty beech opportunity for a few hours' repose. In groves, remind us of some parts of the. the early morning, we land at Corsor, United States. Denmark, and resume our journey by rail. Denmark has considerable moorland, Denmark is a small country, consist- from which a great quantity of peat is ing of a peninsula and larger and small- obtained. When burned, this produces er islands. Its area is about the same much heat, and it is largely used by the. COPENHAGEN. 179' country people for fuel. The black is quite as much need of them. In the turf is cut in square blocks like brick, sixth story we found our friends. They and laid in long rows to dry in the sun; were comfortably and pleasantly sit-- when dry, it is stacked, ready for uated, though very high up in the world.- market. About the homes of the peo- The view from our windows was very ple it was piled in neat stacks, rounded fine. Just across the street were beau-. on the top, like beehives. This is one of tiful grounds which had the appearance- God's merciful provisions for the poor. of an extensive park or garden. We• The laboring - class are so poorly paid were somewhat surprised to learn that that without this it would be extremely it was a cemetery. The tombstones difficult for them to obtain fuel. were mostly concealed from view by

VIEW OF COPENHAGEN.

COPENHAGEN. trees and shrubbery. Evergreen hedges separated the inclosures, and choice• THURSDAY forenoon we reached Copen- flowers and shrubs were scattered every- hagen, and were met by Eld. Matteson,. where. Close by was the large botanical who for some months had resided in garden and floral nursery, containing. the city, and who took us to his home. rare trees and shrubs, and the most Here we wound our way up long flights beautiful flowers in almost endless variety. of stairs that seemed almost interminable. Toward the sea we saw the huge We do not find elevators in the cities windmills used for grinding grain. A of Europe as in America, though there little to the right is the glistening dome 180 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

of the Greek church. This dome, we are ample of his own life. If this fails to told, is overlaid with gold, and it is bring them to repentance, it is their customary to adorn these houses of last trial. " After that thou shalt cut worship in this manner. it down." In the terrible destruction Our first meeting was held on Friday which came upon the Jewish nation we evening, in a little fourth-story hall close read the fate of the unfruitful tree. at hand, used for Sabbath meetings by Under the symbol of the fig-tree, Christ our people. About thirty-five were pres- represents, not the Jews only, but all ent, most of whom had received the who have neglected to improve the truth through the labors of Brn. Matteson gifts of Heaven. He has bestowed upon and Brorsen. There were about a dozen us greater blessings than ware granted in Copenhagen who had begun to keep to his ancient people, and he claims of the Sabbath, and the remainder had us fruit corresponding to the gifts be- come in from the adjacent churches. stowed. What is this fruit ? It is a pure and holy character ; godliness, self- SERMON.-PARABLE OF THE FIG-TREE. denial for others' good, meekness and "A certain man had a fig-tree planted in lowliness of heart. Jesus claims peni- his vineyard; and he came and sought fruit tence, faith, and obedience. He came thereon, and found none. Then said he unto to leave for men a perfect model of the dresser of his vineyard, Behold, these character. He was obedient to all the three years I come seeking fruit on this fig- requirements of his Father. If we follow tree, and find none: cut it down; why CUIT1- him, we shall in our life carry out the b ereth it the around ? And he answering said precepts of God's holy law. unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, Dear brethren, He who has given you till I shall dig about it, and dung it; and if talents, has by these sacred trusts made it bear fruit, well; and if not, then after that -thou shalt cut it down." Luke 13: 6-9. you capable of bearing precious fruit to his glory. Through Christ, God has The Jewish nation was represented opened heaven before you, and all as the fig-tree which God had planted needful grace is brought within your in his vineyard. This people he had reach. The Saviour died that by his taken unto himself as his own. They grace you might become partakers of had been greatly favored with temporal the divine nature. He expects you to and spiritual blessings, and he looked to bear fruit. With what interest has he them to bring forth the fruits of right- watched and waited for some returns eousness. Year after year he had come for his great sacrifice. to them hoping to find fruit, but had Consider, I pray you, the solemn les- found none. He had been long for- son of this parable. The dresser of the bearing. Justice had urged, " Cut it vineyard pleads for a respite for the down ; why cumbereth it the ground? " doomed fig-tree ; but if it still bear no But mercy pleaded for still another trial. fruit, he himself declares, " After that The Dresser of the vineyard will put thou shalt cut it down." May not this forth yet one more effort to save the be the position of some now before me ? fruitless tree. The Son of God will May they not be even now receiving come in person to plead with the chosen the last trial? The divine illumination, people. He will take upon himself the example of perfect goodness, are humanity, and set before them the ex- granted us. From time to time, new COPENHAGEN. 1ST opportunities, new lessons, are given. promise is very precious, " He that over- And what will be the result? If we are cometh, the same shall be clothed in careless and neglectful, we know not white raiment ; and I will not blot out how soon the word may be spoken of his name out of the book of life, but I us, "Cut it down; why cumbereth it the will confess his name before my Father, ground? " and before his angels." How many years have we been in Every Christian will have a missionary the Lord's garden? and what profit spirit. To bear fruit is to work as have we brought to the Master ? How Christ worked, to love souls as he has are we meeting the inspecting eye of loved us. The very first impulse of the God? Are we increasing in reverence, renewed heart is to bring others also to love, humility, confidence in God? Do the Saviour ; and just as soon as a per- we cherish gratitude for all his mercies? son is converted to the truth, he feels Are we seeking to bless those around an earnest desire that those in darkness us? Do we manifest the spirit of Jesus should see the precious light shining in our families? Are we teaching his from God's word. word to our children, and making We are grateful that a few in Copen- known to them the wonderful works hagen have accepted the truth of God. of God ? The Christian must represent Missionaries are needed to spread the Jesus by both being good and doing light of truth in these great cities, and good. Then there will be a fragrance the children of God—those whom he about the life, a loveliness of character, calls the light of the world—ought to which will reveal the fact that he is a be doing all they can in this direction. child of God, an heir of heaven. You will meet with discouragements, Brethren, be no longer slothful serv- you will have opposition. The enemy ants. Every soul must battle against will whisper, What can these few poor inclination. Christ came not to save people do in this great city ? But if you men in their sins, but from their sins. walk in the light, you can every one He has made it possible for us to possess be light-bearers to the world. Do not a holy character ; do not, then, be seek to accomplish some great work, content with defects and deformities. and neglect the little opportunities close But while we are to seek earnestly for at hand. We can do very much by ex- perfection of character, we must re- emplifying the truth in our daily life. member that sanctification is not the The influence which we may thus exert work of a moment, but of a lifetime. cannot be easily withstood. Men may Said Paul, "I die daily." Day by day combat and_ defy our. logic ; they may the work of overcoming must go for- resist our appeals ; but a life of holy ward. Every day we are to resist purpose, of disinterested love in their temptation, and gain the victory over behalf, is an argument in favor of the selfishness in all its forms. Day by day truth that they cannot gainsay. Far we should cherish love and humility, more can be accomplished by humble, and cultivate in ourselves all those devoted, virtuous lives than can be excellencies of character which will effected by preaching when a godly please God and fit us for the blessed example is lacking. You can labor to society of heaven. To all who are build up the church, to encourage your seeking to accomplish this work, the brethren, and to make the social meet- 182 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. ings interesting ; and you can let your mitted the dampness of the wall to be prayers go out, like sharp sickles, with communicated to the room. There had the laborers into the harvest field. Each been no fire in, the hall during the season, should have a personal interest, a bur- until a few hours before we assembled, ,den of soul, to watch and pray for the and then it only served to draw out success of the work. the dampness, and render the atmos- You can also in meekness call the phere humid. There was a penetrating attention of others to the precious truths chill in the air, that made one shiver of God's word. Young men should be in the warmest wrappings. I suffered instructed that they may labor in these much from pain in my lungs while I cities. They may never be able to pre- was speaking, and for hours afterward. sent the truth from the desk, but they Sabbath morning I still felt the effects could go from house to house, and point of the evening's chill. For two weeks the people to the Lamb of God that I had been suffering much from some taketh away the sin of the world. The teeth that had been improperly treated dust and rubbish of error have buried by the dentist, and the cold that I had the precious jewels of truth ; but the taken not only affected my lungs and Lord's workers can uncover these treas- throat, but rendered the pain in my ures, so that many will look upon them teeth almost unendurable. I felt unable with delight and awe. to speak to the people ; but my earnest There is a great variety of work, prayer went up to heaven for needed adapted to different minds and varied strength. Again I ventured to the hall, capabilities. In the day of God not one and found it well filled with interested will be excused for being shut up to hearers. I spoke from John 15: 1-8, his own selfish interests. And it is by on the subject of the True Vine. I was working for others that you will keep strengthened and blessed ; my infirth- your own souls alive. Do you shrink ities were forgotten in the interest I from this work because there is a cross felt for precious souls. The dear Saviour connected with it? Remember that self seemed very near, and the Holy Spirit must be denied if you would win Christ. rested upon'the assembly. Earnest, unselfish effort will garner The discourse was followed by a social sheaves for Jesus. The humble worker meeting, Bro. Matteson acting as inter- who obediently responds to the call of preter. Many good testimonies were God, may be sure of receiving divine borne. Some expressed their thankful- assistance. The Lord is a mighty ness to God that he had sent Sister helper. If the workers will rely wholly White such a great distance to visit upon him, he will accomplish a great them. They had read her books and work through them. her articles in their paper, and had thus received most precious light and a great THE SABBATH MEETINGS. blessing. The Testimonies which had It was with difficulty that I could been translated into their language had speak at the meeting of Friday even- opened to them the Scriptures, and had ing, for the hall was cold and very made the truth so plain that they could damp. In this building the plaster had not resist it. A high standard had been been put directly onto the brick walls, presented for them to reach, and this leaving no air chamber, and thus per- had led them to read the Bible, to search COPENHAGEN-. 183

-their hearts, to pray more, to have many. It was quite damp, the moist- greater love for Jesus, and to seek more ure at times being plainly seen on the earnestly to save souls. walls. One evening, while I was speak- One brother said that when he ing, some young men from the drinking listened to the sermon impressing upon halls above, half intoxicated, gathered them the necessity of purity and per- about the windows of our hall, and by fection of character, he felt that he loud talking and laughing endeavored could not be saved ; that his case was to interrupt the meeting. They even hopeless. But when it was stated that thrust their heads through an open sanctification was not the work of a window, shouting into the room. If it moment, but of a lifetime, he was en- is necessary to speak in such places, couraged, and determined that day by we will do so cheerfully. If in this rich day he would pray and watch, and and beautiful city there is no suitable search the Scriptures ; he would be an room where the truth can be presented overcomer, gaining an experience daily, to the people, we remember that there until he should become strong, and be was no room in the inn at Bethlehem able to be a blessing to others. With for the mother of Jesus, and that the many tears, some expressed their grat- Saviour of the world was born in a itude for the interest the American stable. brethren had taken in them in this far- There were some in the audience off country. who seemed deeply interested, persons of talent whose countenances I re- EVENING MEETINGS. membered, for they had been presented As the meeting-room occupied by our before me. These persons had been people was small, and at a distance pleasure-lovers, enshrouded in darkness from the central part of the city, it was and error, hut God was permitting beams thought best to secure for our Sunday of light to shine upon them from his and evening services a hall in a more word. The arrows of the Lord were favorable location, and one capable of wounding the heart, that the sin-sick accommodating a larger audience. It soul might turn to the great Physician. is difficult in Copenhagen, as in all the I felt such an intense interest while cities of Scandinavia, to obtain a suita- speaking to these souls that I lost sight ble place for meetings. The halls are of my surroundings; I felt that some mostly used for dancing, concerts, and were in the valley of decision, and I theatrical entertainments, and they are longed to see them take their stand rented at a high price. After some fully and decidedly upon the side of effort, however, the brethren secured a Christ. The Saviour had purchased hall which they assured us would meet them by his blood, and he had given the requirements. What was our sur- them precious talents of influence which prise, upon going to the place for serv- they had wasted and abused, and given ice, to find it in the basement of a to the service of the Lord's bitterest building, in the upper stories of which enemy. Now there was an opportunity were halls for dancing, and places for for them to change leaders, and to unite drinking. The room was large enough their interests with those of Christ's to accommodate two hundred persons, true workers. ,but contained seats for only half as As I spoke, I felt the peril of souls; 184 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. that some would decide from that time of warning; yet efforts must be made to to obey the truth, or would refuse the bring the truth before those of position cross, and reject the offers of mercy. and education as well as the poor and We are to do our work in sowing the illiterate. gospel seed as though each opportunity INFLUENCE OF A TRACT. were our last to present Christ and him crucified before those assembled ; and An interesting experience related to we should speak to them in such ten- us by one of our Danish brethren, shows derness and love, yet with plainness how the truth is sometimes advanced and fidelity, that though we never by the very efforts made to hinder its meet them again, we shall have done progress. Bro. C. C. Hansen had been our whole duty. convinced by reading the Bible, that the I spoke five times in Copenhagen. seventh day is the Sabbath. And as the While I was glad to present the truth Baptist minister had been presenting to to the few who could be accommodated him the Bible argument for immersion, in our small meeting-rooms, I would his mind was exercised on the subject have been pleased to honor my Master of baptism also. About this time Bro. by bearing his message to a larger num- Brorsen visited the place, and gave to ber. I am far from being convinced the Methodist minister the tract, "New that these small and obscure halls were Testament Sabbath. " When he had the best places that could be secured, or read it, he gave it to Bro. Hansen, in that in this great city of three hundred the hope that by showing that the Bible and twenty thousand inhabitants, the presents as forcibly the duty of keeping message should be given in a basement the seventh day, which is universally room that will accommodate but two disregarded, as it does the duty of bap- hundred, and this but half seated, so tism, he could lead him to renounce the that a large part of the congregation idea of being immersed. He argued have to stand. When God sends our that the Sabbath is disregarded by Bap- brethren help, they should make earnest tists as well as others, and it could be effort, even at some expense, to bring no worse to set aside immersion than to the light before the people. This mes- reject the Sabbath. But the result of sage is to be given to the world ; but this effort was the reverse of what the unless our brethren have broad ideas minister wished. Bro. Hansen read the and plans, they will not see much ac- tract again and again, wept and prayed complished. While we should labor over it, and instead of renouncing bap- earnestly for the poorer classes, we are tism, he decided to keep the Sabbath. not to confine our efforts to them, nor At first he thought it his duty to keep should our plans be so laid that we shall Sunday also, and in the attempt to keep have only this class of hearers. Men of two days became discouraged, and gave ability are needed. The more intellect- up the Sabbath., But just at this time ual ability is brought into the work, so Bro. Brorsen came to his help, and long as the talent is consecrated to God explained from the Bible the true rela- and sanctified by his Spirit, the more tion of the Sabbath and Sunday. Some ' perfect the work will be, and the higher time later, he was much impressed by it will stand before the world. The reading in the Advent Tidende an ac- people generally will refuse the message count of what I had seen in regard to, COPENHAGEN. 185 some in foreign countries receiving the the light and reflect its rays to others. papers and tracts, reading them, praying Copenhagen is sending missionaries to over them, and finally taking their stand convert the heathen in far-off lands, on the Sabbath, for this exactly described when there are multitudes of her peo- his experience. ple who are as truly ignorant of God and his word. Men with the spirit of A MISSIONARY FIELD. Paul are needed to preach Christ and Copenhagen seems like Athens in him crucified. Paul's day. The pursuit of wealth and pleasure engrosses, the attention of the A BEAUTIFUL CITY. people. Atheism is popular. Eating Copenhagen is a large city for the and drinking, dancing and merry-mak- little kingdom of Denmark. It possesses ing, are the subjects of thought and an excellent harbor, and being situated on conversation. There are many large the narrow straits connecting the Baltic and beautiful churches ; but the people, with an arm of the North Sea, it is like some of the Athenians, are wor- on the highway through which passes shiping an unknown God. There is no much of the commerce of Sweden, lack of doctors of divinity, of learned Germany, and Russia. It is the resi- preachers, but they are ignorant of Bible dence of the king, and the head-quarters religion. of the Danish army. In the midst of the The teachers in the State Church are city, and surrounded on all sides by mass- looked up to by the people as unques- ive stone blocks, are wide, open spaces tionable authority in matters of relig- containing many acres, which are re- ion. They appear upon the street in served as training-grounds for soldiers. a long clerical robe reaching to their In the early morning we hear the meas- feet, with a stiff, quilled ruffle of white ured tread of large companies of soldiers linen, nearly a quarter of a yard in marching along the streets, and wher- width, about the neck. As they pass, ever we go on the streets we see com- men take off their hats and make a low panies of tall, athletic young men dressed obeisance, and women courtesy, with in the light, jaunty uniform of the king's an air of the greatest reverence. As I guards. The king of Denmark is allied saw them, I could not but think of the with some of the most powerful nations words of Christ,—and the words apply of Europe. While we were in Copen- to these priests as truly as to the ancient hagen, he was receiving a visit from his rabbis,—" All their works they do for to son-in-law, the czar of Russia. One of be seen of men; they make broad their his daughters is wife of the prince of phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of Wales ; another is married to the duke their garments, and love the uppermost of Cumberland. The crown prince is rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in married to a Swedish princess; another the synagogues, and greetings in the son has married a French princess ; markets, and to be called of men, Rabbi, while one of his sons is the king of Rabbi." Greece. It seems a difficult matter to awaken There is probably no city of its size an interest in religious things in these which has so many beautiful parks, art- large cities ; and yet there are many ificial lakes, and pleasant avenues. At honest souls in them who will yet accept a little distance from our stopping-place 13 186 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

A PARK IN COPEICHAGEN. is an artificial lake which is two miles is strewn with rocks, and with mounds in length. The water is clear as crystal, of sea moss of lighter and darker shades and upon its glassy surface many beau- of green, forming a lovely picture. At tiful white swans were floating grace- a little distance from the beach is an fully. It is crossed by pretty foot bridges, extensive park four miles in length, a while a broad street runs all around it, dense forest of beech-trees interspersed and rows of chestnut-trees beautify its with evergreens. This forest is kept borders. In Copenhagen the children like a garden, and there are walks and have not been forgotten. In different drives extending through it in all di- parts of the city there are small inclos- rections. ures of three or four acres with groves The dark blot on this beautiful scen- of shade-trees, which are kept solely ery is the beer gardens. At the entrance for play-grounds. No vehicles are al- to the grounds are buildings fitted up in lowed to pass through them, and the the most attractive manner for the sale children can here enjoy their sports in of wine and beer, and these places are safety. liberally patronized. It is not enough Ono day we rode out to a place of that temptation lurks at every street resort at the sea-shore, about ten miles corner in the , great city, but it lies in from the city. As we look across the wait for all who go out for recreation strait, here abo‘ut sixteen miles wide, the amid the scenes of nature. God de- hills of Sweden are visible in the dis- signed that we should be refreshed and tance. The water is very clear, so that invigorated by the blessings he has the white, sandy bottom can be distinctly bestowed upon us in his created works. seen for a considerable distance. It It is his purpose that the beauties of STOCKHOLM. 187 nature should have a refining, elevating danger and death. The restless, surging influence upon us. He has endowed masses of humanity have forgotten their men with mental powers capable of rea- Creator; transgression of God's law has soning from cause to effect ; by studying brought discord, misery, and desolation the great book of nature, they may upon our world ; and yet, in their blind- comprehend the majesty, the goodness, ness and madness, men continue to and the power of the Creator. Were transgress. They refuse to listen to the the senses kept clear, and the intellect voice of God, inviting them to find unclouded, they would thus find mani- peace in him. Kings, statesmen, the fold sources of elevated, satisfying en- mighty ones of the earth, are powerless joyment, and their hearts would go out to give peace and rest to the soul. It is in praise and gratitude to God. only in obedience to God's law that true But this Satan is determined to pre- happiness can be found. We must sub- vent. Therefore he tempts men to the mit our will to God if we would have use of wine and strong drink, by which his divine and eternal harmony in our the understanding is darkened, the souls, senses confused, and the image of God The richest treasures, the highest defaced. By the indulgence of appetite blessings of this life, are meager and the perceptions become so blunted that unsatisfying when compared with those men cannot discern God in his works ; of the future, immortal life. There will they may range through the most beau- open to the senses scenes of beauty that tiful scenes in nature, but they have not no language can portray. " Eye hath a thought of the Creator. How many, not seen, nor ear heard, neither have endowed with good natural abilities, thus entered into the heart of man, the things degrade the intellect and dishonor God. which God hath prepared for them that Their nature becomes brutish ; it is love him." And these precious treas- impossible for them to be heavenly- ures are freely offered to all who will minded. They have rendered them- accept them. "Blessed are they that selves incapable of governing or guiding do his commandments, that they may the springs of mental or moral activity. have right to the tree of life, and may Thus Satan prevents man from fulfilling enter in through the gates into the city." the destiny which Heaven has marked out for him,—to reach the highest at- tainments, physical, mental, and moral, STOCKHOLM. that he himself may be happy, that his Enom Copenhagen a small steamer fellow-men may be blessed by his ex- takes us across the strait to Malmo, ample, and that God may be glorified. Sweden. This has for centuries been a The things of this world would be thriving Sea port, and is now the third city enjoyable, were it not for the curse of of Sweden in population and importance. sin ; but crime, sorrow, suffering, and The channel which separates the death, meet us everywhere. Property, coast of Denmark from that of Sweden, and even life itself, is not safe. Upon the is in some places but a few miles wide. most beautiful portions of the earth, in On both sides of this channel there are the valleys, on the mountains, in the fortifications, and for hundreds of years crowded cities, in the wilderness, or upon all the commerce of the world going the waters of the great deep, there is through this strait was required to pay 188 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. tribute to Denmark for the privilege of churches were opened to the preachers; passing. About thirty years ago, how- the praises uttered outside the walls- ever, our government strongly protested were now heard within the city. It against this demand, and other govern- seemed as if Malmo rejoiced because ments uniting with it, Denmark was salvation was come to it. Mass was forced to give up this source of revenue, abolished, and in 1529 the Protestant to which, indeed, she had no just claim. religion was almost universally professed Hardly a town or hamlet that we have by the inhabitants." A theological col- passed on our journey since leaving lege was established here, from which Basle but has an interesting -history con- many able teachers went out to spread nected with the Reformation. Malmo the doctrines of the Reformation. was one of the first cities of Denmark— A night's journey by rail from Malmd to which it then belonged—to fully re- brings us to Stockholm. Here we have a ceive the gospel. In 1527 the first church of ninety members, the result of Protestant sermon was preached in a Eld. Matteson's labors and some col- meadow outside the walls. Those who porter work. This church seemed to had listened to the gospel of God's glo- prize very highly the privileges af- rious grace desired to express their feel- forded by the meetings. Their hall, ings in songs of praise, but there existed which had seats for some over two nothing in the Danish language suitable hundred, was crowded every evening. to be used on such occasions. In the Every foot of standing room was oc- Romish church the people were silent cupied. I spoke to them on the Sabbath worshipers ; the only songs were the and at three evening meetings. Our chants and canticles of the priests in an brethren and sisters gave earnest atten- unknown tongue. But such worship tion, and all were prompt to respond. could not satisfy an intelligent faith. A There is in Stockholm much more translation of the songs of David into interest in religion than in Copenhagen. the Danish language, soon after pub- The churches are better attended, and lished, was everywhere received with there is a more general interest to in- great joy. They soon displaced the vestigate the prophecies, and the doc- ballads which had been sung till then. trines of Scripture. The Scandinavians, They were heard in the castles of the and in fact nearly all European wor- nobles, and were used in the assemblies shipers, manifest much more reverence of the Protestants, and they may be said than is seen among Americans. As soon to have opened the gates of Malmo to as they enter the place of worship, they the gospel. bow their heads and offer silent prayer. "Louder songs re-echoed day by day round the walls of Malmo, as the num- AN EASY RELIGION POPULAR. ber of worshipers increased. Soon the We are told that the people of these gates were opened, and the congregation countries will be pleased with our dis- marched in, to the dismay of the Ro- courses if we dwell on the love of Jesus. manists, not in serge and sackcloth, not Of this they never tire, but we are in with gloomy looks and downcast heads, danger of losing our congregations if we as if they had been leading in a religion dwell on the sterner questions of duty of penance and gloom, but with beaming and the law of God. There is a spuri- faces, and voices thrilling with joy. The ous experience prevailing everywhere. STOCKHOLM. 189 Many are continually saying, " All that large bound books he received but five we have to do is to believe in Christ." cents a copy, on some other books only They claim that faith is all we need. three cents.* On those works published In its fullest sense, this is true ; but they at our office in Christiania he received do not take it in the fullest sense. To one-third discount; but these are mostly believe in Jesus is to take him as our small pamphlets or tracts which sell for redeemer and our pattern. If we abide a few cents each. Of course it is difficult in him and he abides in us, we are par- to support himself and his wife on such takers of his divine nature, and are profits ; but Bro. Norlin's wife is an in- doers of his word. The love of Jesus in dustrious worker, doing house-cleaning, the heart will lead to obedience to all washing, or any other kind of hard Work his commandments. But the love that by which she can help in gaining a live- goes no farther than the lips, is a de- lihood. They live in a very economical lusion; it will not save any soul. Many manner, occupying one good-sized room reject the truths of the Bible, while they on a fourth floor, with the use of a small profess great love for Jesus; but the kitchen with another family. This is a apostle John declares, "He that saith, I sample of how the work has had to be know him, and keepeth not his com- done in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. mandments, is a liar, and the truth is Those who are thus traveling on foot not in him." While Jesus has done all and carrying the books and papers in in the way of merit, we ourselves have their leathern sacks are apparently en- something to do in the way of comply- gaged in a humble work; but they ing with the conditions. " If ye love should not feel that it is in any sense me," said our Saviour, " keep my com- degrading. It was in a humble manner mandments." that Christ labored when he was on the earth ; he went on foot from place to HUMBLE LABORERS. place, teaching as he walked. Those There are some in Stockholm who in who are spreading a knowledge of the humble circumstances are seeking ear- truth are scattering precious light that nestly to spread the knowledge of the some souls will accept. In the kingdom truth. One of these is Bro. Norlin, who of God the fruit of their labors will be labors as a colporter. Shouldering his seen. pack, stocked with our books and pa- A SWEDISH HOME. pers, he goes on foot from place to place, often traveling many miles a day. When we came to Stockholm we His profits have been very small, espe- were taken to the home of Bro. Norlin, cially on those of our Swedish books who, living near the meeting-hall, had that are published in America, where secured extra rooms in order to enter- the cost of production is greater than in tain us. Neither he nor his wife could Europe, and the expense of transporta- speak English; Bro. Matteson, who came tion to Norway and then to Sweden with us from Copenhagen, acted as in- must be added to the first cost. When terpreter. But our good friends had the whole expense is taken from the just moved into a new brick house, low prices at which books are sold in *At the General Conference of 1885, the trustees of the S. D. A. Publishing Association voted to furnish these countries, very little margin is publications to foreign missions at the cost of produc- left for the colporter. On one of the tion. This will help the colporters in many fields. 190 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. which was not thoroughly dry ; in some the fire is well under way, the doors, parts of the building the masons were may be opened, and we have a bright, still at work, and the chill and dampness cheerful blaze throwing out its heat into rendered it unsafe for me to remain the room as from a fire-place. When there. I thought of taking a room at a the wood has burned down to a coal, hotel for myself and Sister McEnterler ; the doors are shut, and the drafts closed. but neither of us could speak the Swed- Thus the whole structure becomes ish, and how were we to make our heated, and retains its warmth all day. wants known? While we were thus In most Swedish houses, one- of these in perplexity considering the situation, stoves is to be found in nearly every Sister Johanneson, who had lived in room except the kitchen. America and could speak English quite This sister's husband had not taken well, came in to invite us to her home. his stand on the truth, but his interest This invitation we gladly accepted. Her was with our people. He was a sales- house was pleasantly situated on a hill man in a large cloak and fur store, and, in the suburbs of the city. A cosy little to all appearance, it would be impos- parlor on the third floor was appro- sible for him to keep the fourth com- priated to our use. I had become much mandment and retain his position. reduced in strength by the pain I had The Scandinavian children seem re- endured and still continued to suffer markably quiet and well trained. Wher- from my teeth, and the rest and quiet of ever we went, they came forward, one this home was very grateful. by one, and shook hands with us, the We were pleasantly surprised to find girls making a courtesy, and the boys the table very much the same as at our a low bow. Sister Johanneson's four Sanitarium at Battle Creek. The dishes children, from the girl of eight down to were simple and healthful, and prepared the three-year-old boy, welcomed us in with a skill and nicety that made them this manner when we came ; and when- inviting and palatable. There is great ever they met us, morning, noon, or need of a more general knowledge of evening, the greeting was repeated. At the science of healthful cookery. There another place where we visited, even is a wide field of usefulness open to in- the little girl of two and a half years telligent, experienced cooks in teaching went through the ceremony with credit. young ladies how to prepare plain, sim- Mr. Johanneson was training his chil- ple food in a palatable and healthful dren in singing, and we enjoyed the manner. music of their little voices blending to- The rooms were warmed by tall, gether in sacred songs. If parents gen- earthenware stoves, reaching nearly to erally would give more time to the the ceiling. These stoves are made education and training of their children, square or round to suit the taste, of va- having really a home school for them, rious colors, and many are more orna- their families would be far happier. mental than our black iron stoves. The Children who are gifted with the talent one in the family sitting-room was or love of music may receive impres- nearly square, and set in one side was sions that will be lifelong by a judicious a large gilt-framed mirror, not less than use of these susceptibilities as the me- six feet long and half as wide. In the dium for religious instruction. Less time morning a wood fire- is made, and when should be spent in the ornamentation of STOCKHOLM. 191 clothing, and far more attention should which they have not. They are spend- be given to making the character lovely. ing their money for that which is not It is the inward adorning that will en- bread, and their labor for that which dure; the influences which give direction satisfieth not. The hungry, thirsting to these young lives will be far-reaching soul will continue to hunger and thirst as eternity. so long as it partakes of these unsatisfy- ing pleasures. Oh that they would A SAD CALAMITY. listen to the voice of Jesus, "If any man A short time before we came to thirst, let him come unto me and drink." Stockholm, a sad calamity occurred, Those who drink of the living water which cast a gloom aver the entire city. will—thirst no morefor frivolous, excit- Christine Neilson, the famous Swedish ing amusements. Christ, the well-spring singer, visited Stockholm, and thousands of life, is the fountain of peace and hap- crowded to the theater to hear her sing. piness. But there were great numbers who SITUATION OF STOCKHOLM. could not secure admittance, and for the benefit of these she promised to sing Stockholm has been called the Venice in the open air before her hotel, at the of the North. Its situation, upon islands, close of her last evening's engage- on a plain, and on rocky hills surrounded ment. An immense crowd collected, by water and islands in every direction, from twenty-five to thirty thousand is exceedingly picturesque. In one re- people. There was a bridge opposite spect it is strikingly unlike most other the hotel, and as the people crowded cities; lying, as it does, in immediate upon this at the close of the entertain- proximity to primeval forests and rocky ment, the cry was raised that the rail- islands where there is hardly a trace of ing was giving way, and the people cultivation. There are few cities in were being crowded into the water. A Europe whose general aspect is more panic followed. In the rush to get off attractive than that of this northern the bridge, men, women, and children capital. were trampled down, eighteen persons The islands on which the city is built were killed, and not less than seventy are connected by massive stone bridges; wounded. the houses are generally of brick stuc- We often hear of disasters in theaters coed, and colored buff or yellow. The and pleasure resorts, where lives are streets in the ancient city are crooked, lost, and many are wounded, and per- narrow, and dark ; but in other portions haps made life-long sufferers. But these they are wider and straighter than in things do not arrest the pleasure-seek- many other European cities. Modern ers. They rush on, thirsting for excite- Stockholm reminds us of San Francisco. ment, and often in the very act they too SWEDEN AND THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR. are hurled into eternity ; without a mo- ment's warning, their probation is ended; Sweden is a weak and apparently and what has been their life record ? unimportant country, in comparison Can Christ say of these, " Well done, with some of its powerful neighbors; good and faithful servants"? Multitudes but its history is not without events of are vainly seeking happiness in worldly thrilling interest. It was from Sweden amusements. They crave something that deliverance came to Germany in 192 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

STOCKII0I31. For years the work of ruin had been going forward. Other nations looked on, but lifted no hand to interpose. Even England stood apart. And in Germany itself, some of the Protestant princes had so far lost the spirit of the Reformation that they contented them- selves with appeals and protests, and lent no aid to their brethren struggling her terrible struggle against the papal against such fearful odds. armies during the thirty years' war. Then it was that Gustavus IL, the king The imperial forces had swept over the of little Sweden, came to the deliver- Protestant States of Germany, to the ance of the oppressed nations. It was shores of the Baltic Sea, and were look- a herculean task which he had under- ing across its waters to a conquest taken. With slender means and a Which should extend the papal dominion small army he must encounter an over the countries of the North. The enemy that possessed exhaustless re- religion and the liberty of Christendom sources and unnumbered forces. But were on the point of being trodden out. faith that God, whose cause he was STOCKHOLM. 103 undertaking, would sustain him, urged extensive forests of spruce and hemlock, him forward to become the defender of and a great number- of beautiful lakes. Protestantism. It is said that one-tenth of the entire "Like a dying man he set his house area is covered with lakes. The larger in order," and bade a solemn farewell to of these have been connected by canals, the States, which he was never to see so that small ships can cross the coun- again. With his little force he landed on try, from Stockholm on the east coast the shores of Germany on the 24th of to Gottenberg on the west. These nu- June, 1630, exactly a hundred years from merous bodies of water serve to mod- the day when the _Augsburg Confession erate the climate, which, from the posi- had been presented to Charles V. The tion of the country, would naturally be emperor Ferdinand heard with con- very severe. temptuous indifference of the coming This Country, though old, is sparsely of Gustavus. The proud courtiers of settled. With an area more than fifteen Vienna "looked in the State Almanac times larger than that of Denmark, it to see where the country of the little has only two and a half times as many Gothic king was situated." Even the inhabitants. Outside the great cities the Protestant princes failed to discern their people are primitive in their habits. deliverer in a guise so humble. They While they are characterized by general had hoped for assistance from some intelligence, they are slow to accept powerful nation, but what help could a changes or to make improvements. The petty kingdom like Sweden bring them? styles of living, the means of transpor= But the Lord delivereth neither by few tation and locomotion, the marriage and nor by many: The armies of Ferdinand funeral customs, and the religious cer- could not stand against the attacks of emonies, all show how old usages retain Gustavus. Victory after victory at- their power. Yet the inhabitants of tended the Protestant arms. In the full Sweden are generally more willing to tide of success, Gustavus fell ; but his listen to new doctrines than are those people, true to the purpose for which his of Norway or Denmark. blood was shed, continued the struggle, In the country and small towns the until a peace was won which delivered houses are nearly all built of logs, or of all Northern Europe from the papal yoke. timbers about six inches square. They In the old Riddarholms church at are ceiled on the inside, covered with Stockholm the body of Gustavus is cloth, and papered. After the logs have entombed. The following inscription had a year or two to settle, the houses is placed near his resting-place: "He are boarded on the outside, and painted undertook difficult things ; be loved red. Nearly all the houses in Sweden piety ; he conquered his enemies, ex- are red. Many are thatched, and some tended his kingdom, exalted the Swedes, are roofed with turf; a layer of birch and delivered the oppressed ; and he hark is first used, and this is covered triumphed in death." with sods; the grass grows on the turf, keeping it fresh and green, and flowers APPEARANCE OF THE COUNTRY. are sometimes planted in it. These A large part of Sweden is lowland, houses are said to be warm and dry; yet it has mountains so high as to be they present a quaint and picturesque covered with eternal snows. There are appearance. 194 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

We saw in Stockholm many country- so that he now keeps several men in women in their provincial costumes. his employ. He desired to entertain Those from one locality wore a cone- the ministers that visited them ; but shaped cap fully a foot high, a red tunic, his house was small, and his family and a large checked or striped apron large, and it was often necessary for woven of coarse yarn as we weave the ministering brethren to find a place striped carpets in America. among strangers. Such was Bro. Hedin's At Copperberg, where we spent the love for the truth, that he hired money night after leaving Stockholm, we first to build a good-sized two-story house had an opportunity to observe the Swed- where he could have room to receive ish table customs. In the dining-room the Lord's servants. Two large cham- of the hotel was a table having a large bers, comfortably furnished, and provided flower-pot in the center, and spread with stoves and writing-tables, are kept with bread, butter, cheese, cold salt meat, for their use. This brother's history and various relishes and liquors. All shows what Bible truth can do for a are expected to patronize this table as man. It elevates, ennobles, and refines an introduction to their regular meal,— him ; it will fit him for the society of a novel method of stimulating the ap- holy angels in the kingdom of God. petite, which those unaccustomed to it But worldly prosperity is not often are not likely to find successful. Men the lot of those who receive the truth. and women help themselves to what Our brethren in America have but little they wish, and walk about the room, idea of the difficulties to be met by those talking and eating. After this they or- who keep the Sabbath in these countries. der whatever dishes they desire, seat The laboring class is poorly paid, es- themselves at one of the small tables, pecially in the country. Many a man and eat at their leisure. But this first works for thirty-five cents a day in the course, called " smoros, " is always summer, and fifteen in the winter. Most eaten first, and usually in the manner I of our people are poor, and it is very have described. difficult for them to obtain 'work, even at low prices. The elder of this church is employed in a store as general man- GRYTHYTTEHED. ager, and when he began to keep the SABBATH and Sunday, October 24 and Sabbath, his salary was cut down from. 25, we spent at Grythyttehed, a village 700 to 600 kroner, about $162, a year; surrounded by forests, nearly a hun- on this small sum he supports a family dred and fifty miles north-west from of five. There are many who have to Stockholm. Here we were kindly cared lift a heavy cross, and walk by faith, for at the hospitable home of Bro. and not by sight. Many suffer poverty and Sister Hedin. This brother had in for- reproach; but this should not prevent mer years been a man of dissipated them from obeying God's command- habits ; and as the result, he was poor ments. Their reward will be in accord- in every sense. When the truth was ance with their self-denial and sacrifice preached here, he received it, and it for the truth's sake. began its work in his life and character. At this place is one of the oldest com- He became temperate' and industrious, panies of Sabbath-keepers in Sweden. and began to prosper in his business, They number about fifty. Here there. GRYTHYTTEHED. 195 was the greatest interest in the meet- We hope to meet these dear friends ings. Our people hold their meetings among the saved, when we shall all in a union house built by dissenters, have one language, and there will be and open to all denominations. Here no barriers to our communion with one a plan quite common in Sweden, but another. new to us, was adopted to supply the PERSEVERANCE AMID TRIALS. lack of an organ. A lady who occupied a room adjoining the meeting-hall, and It was in this place that Eld. Rosq- who had charge of the building, was vist was forbidden to preach, by the a skillful player on the guitar, and pos- church council, and because he con- sessed a sweet, musical voice; at public tinued preaching, was arrested at the worship she was accustomed to supply instigation of the priest, fined, and finally the place of both choir and instrument. brought to prison. At our request she played and sung at On Sunday afternoon I spoke of the the opening of our meetings. time of trial and persecution awaiting Our people here are considerably God's people, and their duty to hold scattered, but on the Sabbath they came fast the truth. God has presented in in from all the surrounding country. his word sacred-truths, and he expects, The ground was covered with snow, us to accept them without regard to and one brother came thirty miles in a our own convenience, or good name,. sleigh, while others, both men and or worldly profit. Whenever a doc- women, walked from six to twenty trine or duty is brought before us, the miles. Eld. Matteson preached in the all-important question to be decided is, morning, and when all had had time to Is it enforced by the word of God ? come in from a distance, I followed, Does the Lord require this of us ? If speaking from Phil. 4: 4-7 : "Rejoice so, whatever may be the cross involved, in the Lord always." I dwelt upon the we should unhesitatingly accept it. importance of exercising faith in God, If we love God and keep his com- so that we can rejoice in him even in mandments, we need not expect the the midst of trials and persecutions, and world to be in sympathy with us, any of laboring in the spirit of Christ to win more than it was with Christ. Says, others to the truth. John, "The world knoweth us not, be- We saw in this company several cause it knew him not." And in all brethren, who, we believe, could do ages the defenders of the faith have good work as canvassers and colporters. realized the truth of the words of Paul, The importance of this work was set "All that will live godly in Christ Jesus before them, and the brethren agreed shall suffer persecution." Because the to meet together and study the Bible, truth contradicts the doctrines of men,. preparatory to engaging in missionary and condemns their unrighteous prac- labor. As we passed out of the house tices, it excites the most bitter oppo- at the close of the meeting, many sition. The majority, even of those crowded around to shake hands with who bear Christ's name, are unwilling me. They could not express their feel- to follow his example of self-denial and ings in words, but they pressed my cross-bearing; and as they become more hand, and with the tears coursing down and more alienated from him, they their cheeks silently pointed upward. cannot distinguish between the heavenly 196 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. and the earthly ; their peace is disturbed brought them to Pilate, to pronounce by the fact that there is a people that sentence against them, and have caused serve God and renounce every sinful them to be thrust into prison. But all practice. Men who are trampling upon this is only a small matter in compar- God's requirements feel a constant re- ison with what is to be. The most buke from the course of those who bitter and cruel persecution always render obedience to him ; and this is comes from those who have the form why such enmity is manifested against of religion without the spirit and power all who are true to God. For this of godliness. There is nothing at which reason the Pharisees rejected Christ, religious prejudice will hesitate. and the same spirit still exists, and That which especially excites the will continue to exist until the close of enmity of the world in our day is the time. presentation of the claims of the fourth Said Christ to his apostles : "Behold, commandment. And this is the special I send you forth as sheep in the midst work for the people of God at this of wolves ; be ye therefore wise as ser- time. The prophet John, looking down pents, and harmless as doves. But to the last days, saw that the temple of beware of .men; for they will deliver God was open in heaven, and the ark you up to the councils, and they will of his testament was seen. That ark scourge you in their synagogues ; and contains God's holy law, and John sees ye shall be brought before governors a people whose eyes are directed to the and kings for my sake." "Ye shall be temple; their attention is fixed upon the hated of all men for my name's sake; law contained in the ark. "Here are they but he that endureth to the end shall that keep the commandments of God, be saved. But when they persecute and the faith of Jesus." Heaven is you in this city, flee ye into another." watching this work with the deepest in- "The disciple is not above his Master, terest. Angels are watching the devel- nor the servant above his Lord." opment of character, and are weighing Such is the treatment which the serv- moral worth. They are bidden to place ants of Christ receive because they a mark upon those who are loyal to teach truths that are not in harmony God's commandments; such will have with the doctrines of a world-loving special help from God to endure the test church. And have not some of our and proving of the time of trouble. brethren, even in this place, felt the If we are seeking earnestly for the force of these words of Christ? Have truth, we shall find it. The Saviour's they not met, in the priests of the promise is, "If any man will do His will, church, the same spirit that Christ en- he shall know of the doctrine." "The countered in the Pharisees ? They have entrance of Thy words giveth light ;" been forbidden to preach the truth. and we shall know, "if we follow on to They have been brought before coun- know the Lord, his going forth is pre- cils, and scourged in the synagogues, pared as the morning." As the sun, ris- subjected to the stripes of reproach and ing higher and higher in the heavens, falsehood, presented to the people as sends forth its rays with ever-increasing heretics, men not fit to be at large. brightness to the noontide glory, so the The church authorities, like the chief Sun of Righteousness sheds its light, shin- priests and scribes of the Jews, have ing more and more unto the perfect day. GRYTHYTTEHED. 197 Those who cling to old customs and to keep the law of God; do you carry hoary errors have lost sight of the fact its precepts into your daily life? To that light is ever increasing upon the profess the truth and not be sanctified path of all who follow Christ ; truth is through it, is to dishonor God. We constantly unfolding to the people of want the truth on every point, and we God. We must be continually advanc- are to put it in practice daily. Come to ing if we are following our Leader. It is Christ in simplicity and faith, and he when we walk in the light that shines will enlighten your understanding, and upon us, obeying the truth that is open enable you to walk so humbly and cir- to our understanding, that we receive cumspectly before your fellow-men that greater light. We cannot be excusable they can speak no evil of you except for in accepting only the light which our the same reason that men spoke evil of fathers had one hundred years ago. If Christ. While you follow in the path our God-fearing fathers had seen what of humble obedience day by day, you we see, and heard what we hear, they will be gaining a living experience in the would have accepted the light, and things of God,—an experience which walked in it. If we desire to imitate you must have in order to stand in the their faithfulness, we must receive the troublous times before you. truths open to us, as they received those I thank God that the light has come presented to them ; we must do as they to this place. Although it may seem would have done, had they lived in our that you are all alone here, yet you are day. not alone; for Christ is with you; you Just before his crucifixion, Jesus are in blessed company. You have the prayed for his disciples, "Sanctify them words coming down the line from proph- through Thy truth ; thy word is truth." ets and apostles, to encourage you to It is the duty of every one to search the steadfastness. Many of these holy men Scriptures for himself. We cannot ac- lost their lives for their faithfulness to cept the assertions of men as infallible. God. If you suffer for the truth's sake, To those who oppose and denounce our remember that this is no more than faith we say, Show us from the Bible others have done before you. What that we are in error. God's word is to trials and afflictions Paul endured, yet judge us at the last day, and we want he says: "Our light affliction, which is to know what saith the Scripture. We but for a moment, worketh for us a far are regarded with jealousy and bitter- more exceeding and eternal weight of ness because we will not accept as glory ; while we look not at the things evidence the assertions of men and the which are seen, but at the things which testimony of the Fathers; but we cannot are not seen; for the things which are purchase peace and unity by sacrificing seen are temporal ; but the things which the truth. The conflict may be long are not seen are eternal." and painful, but at any cost we must As the wickedness of the wicked in- hold fast the word of God. "The Bible, creases, opposition will be brought to and the Bible only," must be our watch- bear upon you closer and closer. Satan word. has many batteries prepared to open I would say to those who have turned upon the people of God. You will their feet into the way of God's com- have troubles and difficulties to meet, mandments, It is not enough to profess such as you never experienced before,. 198 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. :and there will seem to be no way of churches, was the altar, but not elevated escape. But if you have learned to above the floor. It was surrounded at trust in God, you know that he will not a little distance by a circular railing, leave you ; you have the assurance that outside of which was a low seat for the he will hear your prayers, for he has communicants to kneel upon while tak- been to you all that he has promised. ing the holy wafer. To the right of the You can hang your helpless soul on altar, attached to a projecting pillar, Jesus, and in the time of trial he will was a little box-like pulpit approached prove to you a never-failing helper. by a flight of steps. An hour-glass Those who here acknowledge God as added still further to the antiquated ap- their ruler, by obeying the laws of his pearance of the place. The priest's government, will be accounted worthy study in the rear was lighted by small of a place in his family in heaven ; for grated windows. It contained a table they have proved that they will rever- and chair, and two small cases of books, ence him and obey his will in the future and was in keeping with the rest of the life. When the final hour of trial comes, building. A more dismal place I do not God will send his angels to guard them. wish to see. This old building seemed When the voice that once shook the like a relic of the Dark Ages, as if priest earth shall shake not only the earth and people had been asleep for hundreds but also heaven, then the voice of our of years. I could not but think that it Lord will be heard saying, "Come, ye fitly represented the condition of the blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom church. prepared for you from the foundation of The priests enjoy their beer-drinking the world." They will see him as he is; and smoking, and cling to old forms and they will escape those things that are customs, as jealous of any reform as coming upon the earth, and will stand were the scribes and Pharisees. They within the heavenly courts ; for Christ are of the class condemned by Christ, as has promised, "Blessed are they that do those who have the key of knowledge, his commandments, that they may have who will not enter in themselves, and right to the tree of life, and may enter those who would, they hinder. They in through the gates into the city." are so fearful lest something shall be in- troduced that will turn away the people A LUTHERAN CHURCH. from their creeds and dogmas, and di- We visited a Lutheran church, an old vert the means into other channels, that building which has, apparently, stood they spare no effort to excite prejudice, unchanged for hundreds of years. It is and resort to commands and threats to - built of logs, the walls as well as the prevent their members from going to roof covered with clumsy split shingles, hear Bible preaching. They look with and painted a muddy red. The doors suspicion upon every one who does not are low. On the inside, the building is fully sustain their church, and denounce arched and celled. It seemed like a as heretics those who instruct the people prison ; the air struck us with a pecul- in Scripture truth. By representing iar, dungeon-like chill, and the close box them as working against the interests pews, with their narrow seats and high, of the church, they stir up the authori- straight backs, suggested torture. In ties against them. They claim the name the place where the pulpit stands in our of Lutherans, and point back to Luther, OREBRO. 199 to his work and his testimony, but they usual with a large flower-pot in the cen- have not cherished his spirit. They do ter, and spread with bread and butter, not, like Luther, test their doctrines by cheese, cold meat, and various delicacies. the Bible, but by their creed, their After the arrival of Eld. Matteson, a few church customs, the practices of the moments were spent in conversation ; Fathers. Their so-called Lutheranism then we gathered about the table, all is little better than Catholicism with the standing, while Bro. M. asked a blessing name of Luther attached to it. in Swedish. We then took what we The moral standing of a community wished from the table; some stood or is dependent upon the diffusion of Bible walked about, others were seated, as knowledge and the growth of true relig- they pleased, about the room. After the ion. Where the religious teachers bar " smoros " was eaten, we seated our- the people from obtaining light from the selves at the small tables, and were Scriptures, unbelief, skepticism, and in- served with fish, meat, and vegetables fidelity cannot but prevail. And with very nicely prepared. After this, plates such examples as are given by these of soup were brought in. It was of two pastors, who are seeking to benefit them- kinds, meat soup, and a dish called plum selves and not their flock, it is not soup, made from prunes, raisins, apples, strange that the people are self-indul- etc. Last came the dessert of cooked gent, pleasure-loving, and sensual. But pears and cream. Then all stood up the Lord will cause the light of truth to around the center table and gave thanks shine forth amid the moral darkness ; in silence. After this, each guest shook and those who receive the truth should hands with the host and hostess, thank- be careful to correctly represent its ing them for the entertainment, and sanctifying power upon their life and then the ceremony was ended. character, to show the contrast be- We passed into another room, and tween the influence of truth and that spent some time in conversation. Eld. of error. Matteson read and explained portions of Scripture, and we had a season of A SWEDISH DINNER. prayer. An hour or two after dinner it is On Monday we were invited to dine customary to serve cakes and coffee ; our with the family of a merchant whose friends, knowing that we did not use the wife had begun to keep the Sabbath. latter, substituted hot water and cream. These friends sent their carriage for us, This we drank from tiny china cups, but and did all in their power to render our we had no need to eat again. We bade visit pleasant. Our reception was a si- our friends farewell, and were conveyed lent one, as Eld. Matteson, who acted as in their carriage back to the home of interpreter, had not yet arrived; but we Bro. Hedin. As is the custom in Scan- were cordially welcomed. After laying dinavia, the leave-taking was more cer- aside our wraps, the lady of the house emonious than our reception. gave me her arm, and conducted me to the dining hall, a large, nicely furnished room, in which were several sofas, and OREBRO. a number of small tables, each covered ON our way to Christiania, we spent with a linen cloth. In the center of the two days in Orebro, where there is _room stood a larger table, arranged as a small company of Sabbath-keepers. 200 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. This place is situated in the central part capacity. The Lord helped me to of Sweden, in the midst of a fruitful speak, and hearts were reached, I know, valley, beyond which, in the distant by the starting tears, and the look of west, the blue mountains are visible. interest on many faces. I will do my It has upwards of twelve thousand in- part faithfully in bringing the light be- habitants, and is one of the oldest cities fore the people. If my brethren neglect in Sweden, having probably been a their duty, the responsibility will be city for a thousand years. theirs, not mine. We arrived in Orebro in a rainstorm, In Orebro, as well as in Copenhagen, and as there were no carriages at the I am convinced that we might have station, we were obliged—to walk more had a good hearing if our brethren had than half a mile in the rain to the house secured a suitable hall to accommodate of Sister Jacobson. I had been ill, the people. But they did not expect unable to take sufficient food to sustain much, and therefore did not receive my strength, and this effort affected my much. We cannot expect people to heart, causing a sharp pain that alarmed come out to hear unpopular truth when me. But an appointment was out for the meetings are advertised to be held me to speak that evening, and as the in a basement, or in a small hall that friends obtained a team to take us to will seat only a hundred persons. The the place of meeting, I filled the appoint- character and importance of our work ment. are judged by the efforts made to bring We were much disappointed to see it before the public. When these efforts what meager arrangements had been are so limited, the impression is given made to bring the truth before the that the message we present is not wor- people of this large city. The meeting- thy of notice. Thus by their lack of hall consisted of a suite of chambers in faith our laborers sometimes make the the second story of a private dwelling. work very hard for themselves. As in many private houses in Sweden, While we were here, this matter was the entrance was at the rear of the presented to me in a dream. The ques- building. The principal room would tion was asked one of our laborers, accommodate about fifty persons, and the "How far would a light send its rays if two smaller ones, opening one into the it were placed under a bushel?" "No other from this, would seat twenty each. farther than the compass of the bushel," All were furnished with board benches, was the answer. "How far would it without backs. We had two evening shine if put under a bed ?" "It would meetings. At the first I spoke from the not illuminate the room," replied the words, "If any man will come after me, one addressed ; "it would be too low let him deny himself, and take up his and too obscure." "Then," said the cross, and follow me ;" and at the second, questioner, "place your light on a can- upon the work of preparation to meet dlestick, and it will give light to all that our Saviour, my text being, "Watch ye are in the house. Your ideas need to therefore, and pray always, that ye may be enlarged and elevated. The people be accounted worthy to escape all these have lost an opportunity to obtain light things that shall come to pass, and to that God desired them to have." When stand before the Son of man." The the Lord sends his people help, they rooms were crowded to their utmost should show that they value it. Those OREBRO. 201 who stand at the head of% the work in church, the people were steeped in pov- these countries should be' careful that erty and ground down by oppression. they do not give it a narrow mould. They were destitute of the Holy Script- As they treat the work, so will be the ures, and having a religion of mere impression made upon the minds of signs and ceremonies, which conveyed those who are left to carry it forward no light to the mind, they were return- in their absence. Brethren, we need ing to the superstitious beliefs and pagan less of self, and more of Jesus. We practices of their heathen ancestors. should seize upon every God-given The nation was divided into contending privilege and opportunity, and by ex- factions whose perpetual strife increased ample as well as words show the sa- the misery of all. The king determined credness and importance of the message upon a reformation in the State and the of warning which God sends to the Church, and he welcomed these able world. and powerful assistants in the battle against Rome. Olaf Patersen he ap- REFORMERS IN SWEDEN. pointed preacher in the great cathedral Orebro was the home of two of the at Stockholm, while Lawrence was made leaders in the Swedish Reformation, professor of theology in the university Olaf and Lawrence Patersen. They at Upsala. The two brothers translated were the sons of a blacksmith, but re- the Bible into the Swedish language, ceived a liberal education, studying for giving to the people of that country for several years at the University of Wit- the first time the word of God in their temberg, under Luther and Melancthon, native tongue. where they received the doctrines of the In the presence of the king and lead- reformed faith. The elder of the two ing men of Sweden, Olaf Patersen ably brothers is said to have been in the maintained the doctrines of the reformed crowd before the door of the church at faith against the Romish champions. Wittemberg when Luther nailed his He declared the Fathers to be below and theses to it. Both were eminent for not above Scripture, and that their in- their learning and piety, and for the terpretations were to be received only zeal and courage with which they advo- when in accordance with Holy Writ. cated their faith. They are said to He denied that the word of God is ob- have resembled the great reformers of scure when laying down the funda- Germany. Like Melancthon, Lawrence, mental doctrines of the faith, and he the younger, was learned, thoughtful, presented the Bible's own testimony to and calm, while Olaf by his powerful its simplicity and clearness. Christ said, eloquence aroused the people. For this "My doctrine is not mine, but his that reason he was often violently assailed sent me," and Paul declared that should by the mob. The Catholic priests stirred he preach any other gospel than that up the prejudices of the ignorant and which he had received, he would superstitious people, so that upon sev- be anathema. "How, then," said Dr. eral occasions the reformer barely es- Olaf, "shall others presume to enact caped with his life. dogmas at their pleasure, and impose These reformers were, however, fa- them as things necessary to salvation ?" vored and powerfully assisted by the He showed that the decrees of the king. Under the rule of the Romish church are of no authority when in 14 202 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. opposition to the commands of God. And maintaining the great Protestant PERSECUTION FOR PREACHING THE FIRST ANGEL'S MESSAGE. principle, "The Bible, and the Bible only, as the rule of faith and practice," he In Sweden, as in other countries, the gained a victory which decided the most bitter opposition to the reformation king in favor of the Protestant faith, was from the clergy.. As the reformers and virtually established the Reforma- gained the ascendency, and. Protestant- tion in Sweden. ism became the State religion, they "The stage on which this conference grew intolerant and oppressive. The was conducted was an obscure one com- priests of Sweden possess great in- pared with that of Wittemberg and fluence, though their authority is limited. Augsburg, and the parties engaged in it In every town there is a church council, were but of secondary rank compared which has power to forbid all preaching with the great chiefs between whom that is considered dangerous to the State previous, contests of a similar kind had Church, or that will cause division been waged ; but . . . . it shows us in it. Of this council the priest is a the sort of men that formed the rank member ; but while he may desire to and file of the army of the reformers. enforce the law, he. can do nothing They were not illiterate, sectarian, noisy if the other members of the council controversialists; far from it. They were are opposed. The law is now very men who had studied the word of God, unpopular, and is not often enforced. and knew well how to wield the weapons There is a strong public sentiment, in with which the armory of the Bible favor of freedom of speech and con- supplied them." science, but as we have seen, the Lu- There now stands in Orebro, in a little theran clergy are jealous of; any in- park in front of the college, a monu- fluence which shall weaken their hold ment erected over fifty years ago to the upon the people, and the spirit of intol- memory of these remarkable men, and erance and persecution is not extinct. bearing the inscription, " In memory of • The preaching of the first message in Olaf and Lawrence Patersen, the first Sweden excited much opposition, and preachers of the Lutheran doctrine in the experience of those who took part Sweden, born in Orebro. Dan. 12 : 3." in the movement is full of interest. The Just across the river is a beautiful park, message was brought to this country and to the right stands "Engelbrekt from England. In the province of Ore- Slott," one of the oldest castles in Sweden. bro it began to be proclaimed in the For many years this castle was also the year 1843, by several laymen, called prison for the district, and it was here, "ropare." These preached with great no doubt, that those arrested for preach- earnestness that the hour of God's ing the Lord's soon coming in 1843 Judgment had come, and a wide-spread were imprisoned. Some of our friends interest was aroused among the people. visited the dark room in the round In the fall of the same year, two young tower that was used as a prison; they men were moved to give the warning. also visited the large prison built since, The people assembled in great numbers in which Bro. Rosqvist was confined to listen to their preaching, and the meet- for preaching the present truth in Gryt- ings were continued both day and night, hyttehed. sometimes in a private house, and some-

EPIri 111114 IER I a II 3 I 1- I 204 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

time in the woods. Many were roused foolishness.' He then lashed us till his from their careless security, and led to strength failed, when he threw the confess their sins and to seek mercy and scourge to his private secretary, and forgiveness in the name of Jesus. But ordered him to continue the lashing. the greater the interest, the greater the After being severely punished in this opposition and persecution. There were way, we were returned to our cell. some who declared the preachers to be The same treatment was repeated the insane, or laboring under some strange next day. The governor ended by say- disease. The priest of the State Church ing, 'If you do not cease your preach- made several attempts to stop the ing, I will shut you up where neither preaching, and to lull the people to sun nor moon can ever shine upon sleep again ; but without avail. Finally you.' the police were ordered to arrest them, " The following day we were taken and for six weeks they searched for to the hospital to be examined by the them in the woods, but in vain. doctors. Two physicians, two ministers, Through the efforts of the priest they and a chamberlain were present. We were finally arrested and imprisoned. were requested to testify concerning our An account of this is given by one of faith, and we complied with this request. the young men, as follows : "At last the While we were speaking, the chamber- priest summoned us to appear before lain left the room, with tears streaming him. In answer to this summons, about from his eyes. The ministers and one forty of us, mostly young men and wom- of the doctors soon after withdrew with- en, repaired to his house. After a few out saying a word. The remaining questions, he felt our pulse to ascertain doctor then called in his servant, and if we were affected by disease. We as- directed him to shave our heads, but to sured him that we were in good health. leave some hair in the form of a cross. He then became angry, and demanded This was done, and the next day we a reason for our conduct. This we were taken to the insane asylum. gave him from the Bible. When we had "Here we were put in a room which finished presenting our faith, we noticed had been left by its previous occupant that nearly all present had been weep- in so filthy a condition as to be not only ing. All, except my companion and my- unhealthful but indecent. In the morn- self, were permitted to return home. ing we were conducted to an ante- The next morning we were arrested by chamber, and exposed to a powerful the. police, and thrown into the prison stream of cold water. We tried to pro- at Orebro, where we were assigned a tect our heads by covering them with cell among the thieves. our hands ; but as soon as we lifted our- " When we were brought before the hands for this purpose, our attendant governor for examination, he demanded gave us a blow on the head. Finally by what authority we were sent to my comrade fell to the floor in a swoon, preach. We referred him to Joel 2, and as he fell, his crutch [he was lame] and Rev. 14 : 6-8, and told him further struck me in the side with such force that the Spirit of God came upon us that I also fell, completely exhausted. with such power that we could not re- We lay in the water until we regained sist it. After a number of questions he our strength, when the same treatment angrily said, 'I will cure you of your was repeated. This done, we were again OREBRO. 205 taken before the doctor, who noticed CHILD-PREACHERS. that we trembled from cold and exhaus- tion, and said, 'I will soon warm you up.' In many places where the power of He produced a large bundle of sticks, the clergy was exercised to prevent the and beat us with them until he could do preaching of the advent truth, the Lord so no longer. was pleased to send the message through "On the second day after this, we little children. As they were under were again brought out for trial, and age, the law of the State could not re- were told that we would be scourged strain them, and they were permitted to until we should be compelled to swear. speak freely and unmolested. Thus the After consultation with each other we warning of the soon-coming Judgment repeated the curses mentioned in Deut. was given to the people. This con- 28: 15-20, which God uttered against tinued about nine months. After that, those who would not obey his voice. the influence upon the children was de- Through the sympathy of the watchman, clared by the authorities to be a disease, it was represented to the governor that and some of them were taken to the we had fulfilled the injunction, and we hospitals; but their mouths were not were then set at liberty." stopped ; for they preached as long as They were permitted to return home, God chose to use them as witnesses. but the harsh treatment they had re- The movement began in the fall of ceived brought upon both a severe ill- 1842, and continued through the winter ness, which it was feared, for a time, of 1843. An eye witness, speaking of would prove fatal. Both recovered, the work accomplished through these however, and afterward preached with children, says : "The weather was prov- greater power than before. Hundreds identially very favorable that winter. of people came to their meetings, and There was little snow, but the marshes, the neighborhood for many miles around lakes, and rivers were frozen over so became stirred. Many hardened and that they could be used as a high-road, wicked persons were led to seek God, and the people went in masses to the and secret sins and crimes were con- places where these child-preachers were, fessed. who were mostly poor cottagers. A Efforts were again made to have them little girl began preaching but a few arrested ; but persons who sympathized miles from the place were I lived, and with them appealed to the king in their as the news of the wonderful movement behalf, and secured an order that they was noised about, I went with my wife should not be molested. From that to see and hear for myself. When we time they continued to labor undis- arrived at the cottage, it was filled with turbed. About the middle of theeyear people. The child, who was six or eight 1844, however, the power which they years old, moved around among them, had before possessed left them. The and they asked her questions, which she truths they had presented appeared as answered as a child usually does. The clear and forcible as ever; but the people flocked together, till the house warning having been given, the special was surrounded by a great number. manifestation of God's Spirit which had When the last had arrived, her manner been bestowed to aid its proclamation changed entirely, both in boldness and ceased. movements, clearly indicating that she 206 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. was moved by an invisible power, and obedience to God's holy requirements.' not by her own natural gifts. When Years ago, the work of the first mes- she commenced speaking, her voice also sage in these countries was presented changed. She said, 'Fear God, and give before me, and I was shown circum- glory to him ; for the hour of his Judg- stances similar to those related above. ment is come.' She reproved sins, such as It was God's will that the tidings of the drinking, theft, adultery, swearing, and Saviour's coming should be given in backbiting, and also reproved church- Sweden, and when the voices of his goers for attending church with worldly servants were silenced, he put his Spirit business in view, instead of listening to upon the children, that the work might be God's word and conforming their lives accomplished. When Jesus drew near to it. Her voice and words were im- to Jerusalem attended by the rejoicing pressive. Many were weeping and sigh- multitudes who with shouts of triumph ing. They were told that time was and the waving of palm branches her- given them to repent, but they must do alded him as the Son of David, the jeal- it immediately, and not put it off. ous Pharisees called upon him to silence "We went home with stricken and them; but Jesus answered that all this trembling hearts. I felt that I must was the fulfillment of prophecy, and if take my Bible, which I thought I had these should hold their peace the very carefully studied, and search it yet stones would cry out. The people, intim- deeper. I could hardly work the fol- idated by the threats of the priests and lowing week. My thoughts were con- rulers, ceased their joyful proclamation stantly running on God's word, and the as they entered the gates of Jerusalem; sharp reproofs and expositions I had but the children in the temple courts aft- heard from that little child, who proba- erward took up the refrain, and, waving bly had not even learned to read. their branches of palm, they cried, "Ho- "A great awakening commenced sanna to the Son of David!" When the among the people. Many drunkards Pharisees, sorely displeased, said unto became sober men ; thieves returned him, "Hearest thou what these say ?" stolen property, and confessed their sins; Jesus answered, "Yea ; have ye never forgiveness was asked for wrongs done. read, Out of the mouth of babes and A work was accomplished such as no sucklings thou hast perfected praise ?" preacher with learning and great talent As God wrought through children in could have effected." Christ's day, so he wrought through "A girl who resided in Ljung Parish them in giving the first message. God's continued also to preach as long as the word must be fulfilled, that the procla- first angel's message was proclaimed. mation of Christ's advent near should When that ceased, she was imbued with be given to all peoples, tongues, and a spirit of prayer, and often went out nations. into the woods and other solitary places, God speaks to nations and to cities, and there earnestly besought the Lord sending them messages of mercy, which, to have mercy on the fallen race of hu- if accepted, would save them from great manity. She was very quiet and re- calamities. If they would be guided by served, and showed by her Christian his voice, he would be their protector, walk and conversation that she loved their front guard and their rear ward. the Saviour, and was trying to live in But like the Jews they know not the CHRISTIANIA. 207 time of their visitation. In their pride Here, as in other places, it was difficult of heart they refuse his guidance, and to obtain a good hall. But the best in are left to walk in their own counsels, the place was secured, a hall used for and, like God's ancient people, to reap balls and concerts, about thirty-six by the harvest which they have sown. eighty feet in size, with a narrow gallery on each side, and a huge stove in each end. There was no pulpit nor place CHRISTIANIA. for one. Six beer tables, brought in FRIDAY morning, Oct. 30, we reached from an adjoining room, served to make Christiania, Norway, and were soon in a platform. A square carpet was the home of Eld. A. B. Oyen, a retired thrown over this platform, and another and pleasant location in the suburbs of table set on top for light-stand and the city. Here the household language pulpit, while steps were made with was our own familiar English, and it chairs and stools. We doubt if the hall almost seemed that we were once more or beer tables were ever put to so good in our native America. use before. The people came and filled At Christiania we have a church of the seats, the galleries, and all the one hundred and twenty members, and standing room, and listened with the best here is located our Scandinavian pub- of attention while I spoke to them of lishing house. The new mission print- the love of Christ, and his life of sac- ing-house and meeting-hall were not rifice. completed, and part of the old building Wednesday and Friday evenings an- which Eld. Matteson bought six years other hall was secured in Christiania, ago, and in which were the printing- and I spoke to about five hundred each house and meeting-hall, had been torn evening. down to give place to the new ; there- A LARGE TEMPERANCE MEETING. . fore we had no hall of our own that was suitable for meetings. But the On Sunday, by request of the pres- Good Templars very kindly gave us the ident of the temperance society, I spoke free use of their hall, which would seat upon the subject of temperance. The over three hundred. meeting was held in the soldiers' mili- About two hundred attended the tary gymnasium, the largest hall in the meeting Sabbath forenoon, and in the city. An American flag was placed as afternoon one hundred assembled to a canopy above the pulpit ; this was an celebrate the ordinances of the Lord's attention which I highly appreciated. house. A large hall belonging to a There were about sixteen hundred as- workingmen's society had been hired sembled. Among them was a bishop of for Sunday forenoon, and I addressed the State Church, with a number of the an attentive congregation of about four- clergy ; a large proportion were of the teen hundred. The hall was crowded, better class of society. and many went away, unable to obtain I took up the subject from a religious an entrance. stand-point, showing that the Bible is Tuesday we went about thirty miles full of history bearing upon temperance, from Christiania, to Drammen, a city and that Christ was connected with the of several thousand inhabitants, where work of temperance, even from the there is a church of twenty members. beginning. It was by the indulgence of 208 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. appetite that our first parents sinned temperance, that their minds might be and fell. Christ redeemed man's failure. clear to discriminate between right and In the wilderness of temptation he en- wrong, that they might possess firmness dured the test which man had failed to of principle, and wisdom to administer bear. While he was suffering the keen- justice and to show mercy. est pangs of hunger, weak and ema- This direct and solemn command was ciated from fasting, Satan was at hand to extend from generation to generation, with his manifold temptations to assail to the close of time. In our legislative the Son of God, to take advantage of halls and courts of justice, no less than his weakness and overcome him, and in our schools and churches, men of thus thwart the plan of salvation. But principle are needed ; men of self- Christ was steadfast. He overcame control, of keen perceptions and sound in behalf of the race, that he might judgment. If the mind is beclouded or rescue them from the degradation of the principles debased by intemperance, the fall. He showed that in his strength how can the judge render a just decis- it is possible for us to overcome. Jesus ion? He has rendered himself inca- sympathizes with the weakness of men; pable of weighing evidence or entering he came to earth that he might bring into critical investigation ; he has not to us moral power. However strong moral power to rise above motives of the passion or appetite, we can gain self-interest or the influence of partial- the victory, because we may have di- ity or prejudice. And because of this vine strength to unite with our feeble a human life may be sacrificed, or an efforts. Those who flee to Christ will innocent man robbed of his liberty or of have a stronghold in the day of temp- the fair fame which is dearer than life tation. itself. God has forbidden that those to I showed the importance of temperate whom he has committed sacred trusts habits by citing warnings and examples as teachers or rulers of the people from Bible history. Nadab and Abihu should thus unfit themselves for the du- were men in holy office ; but by the ties of their high position. use of wine their minds became so There is a lesson for parents in the beclouded that they could not distin- instruction given to the wife of Manoah, guish between sacred and common and to Zacharias, the father of John the things. By the offering of " strange Baptist. The angel of the Lord brought fire," they disregarded God's command, the tidings that Manoah should become and they were slain by his judgments. the father of a son who was to deliver The Lord, through Moses, expressly Israel ; and in reply to the anxious in- prohibited the use of wine and strong quiry, "How shall we order the child, drink by those who were to minister in and how shall we do unto him ?" the holy things, that they might "put differ- angel gave special directions for the ence between holy and unholy," and mother : " Neither let her drink wine or might teach " the statutes which the strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing. Lord hath spoken." The effect of in- All that I commanded her let her ob- toxicating liquors is to weaken the serve." The child will be affected, for body, confuse the mind, and debase the good or evil, by the habits of the mother. morals. All who occupied positions of She must herself be controlled by prin- responsibility were to be men of strict ciple, and must practice temperance CHRISTIANIA. 209 and self-denial, if she would seek the ward enlightening parents as to their -welfare of her child. responsibility. Those who place wine And fathers as well as mothers are and beer upon their tables are cultivat- included in this responsibility. Both ing in their children an appetite for parents transmit their own characteris- strong drink. We urge that the princi- tics, mental and physical, their disposi- ples of temperance be carried into all tions and appetites, to their children. the details of home life ; that the exam- As the result of parental intemperance, ple of parents be a lesson of temper- the children often lack physical strength ance; that self-denial and self-control and mental and moral power. Liquor- be taught to the children and enforced drinkers and tobacco-lovers hand down upon them, so far as possible, even their own insatiable craving, their in- from babyhood. flamed blood and irritated nerves, as a The future of society is indexed by legacy to their offspring. And as the the youth of to-day. In them we see children have less power to resist temp- the future teachers and law-makers and tation than had the parents, each gener- judges, the leaders and the people, that ation falls lower than the preceding. determine the character and destiny of The inquiry of every father and the nation. How important, then, the mother should be, "What shall we do mission of those who are to form the unto the child that shall be born unto habits and influence the lives of the ris- us?" Many are inclined to treat this ing generation. To deal with minds is subject lightly ; but the fact that an an- the greatest work ever committed to gel of heaven was sent to those Hebrew men. The time of parents is too valu- parents, with instruction twice given in able to be spent in the gratification of the most explicit and solemn manner, appetite or the pursuit of wealth or shows that God regards it as one of fashion. God has placed in their hands great importance. the precious youth, not only to be fitted When the angel Gabriel appeared to for a place of usefulness in this life, but Zacharias, foretelling the birth of John to be prepared for the heavenly courts. the Baptist, this was the message which We should ever keep the future life in he brought : "He shall be great in the view, and so labor that when we come sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither to the gates of paradise we may be able wine nor strong drink ; and he shall be to say, "Here, Lord, am I, and the chil- filled with the Holy Ghost." God had dren whom thou hast given me." an important work for the promised But in the work of temperance there child of Zacharias to do ; a work that are duties devolving upon the young required active thought and vigorous which no other can do for them. While action. He must have a sound phys- parents are responsible for the stamp of ical constitution, and mental and moral character as well as for the education strength; and it was to secure for him and training which they give their sons these necessary qualifications that his and daughters, it is still true that our habits were to be carefully regulated, position and usefulness in the world de- even from infancy. The first steps in pend, to a great degree, upon our own intemperance are often taken in child- course of action. hood and early youth ; therefore most Nowhere shall we find a more com- earnest efforts should be directed to- prehensive and forcible illustration of 210 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. true temperance and its attendant bless- of the inspired word for the benefit of ings than in the history of the youthful the youth of all succeeding ages. Those Daniel and his associates in the court of who would preserve their powers unim- Babylon. When they were selected to paired for the service of God must ob- be taught the learning and tongue of serve strict temperance in the use of the Chaldeans, that they might "stand all his bounties, as well as total absti- in the king's palace," "the king ap- nence from every injurious or debasing pointed them a daily provision of the indulgence. What men have done, men king's meat, and of the wine which he- may do. Did those faithful Hebrews drank." "But Daniel purposed in his stand firm amid great temptation, and heart that he would not defile himself bear a noble testimony in favor of true with the portion of the king's meat, nor temperance? The youth of to-day may with the wine which he drank." Not bear a similar testimony, even under only did these young men decline to circumstances as unfavorable. Would drink the king's wine, but they re- that they would emulate the example of frained from the luxuries of his table. those Hebrew youth ; for all who will, They obeyed the divine law, both nat- may, like them, enjoy the favor and ural and moral. With their habits of blessing of God. self-denial were coupled earnestness of There is still another aspect of the purpose, diligence, and steadfastness. temperance question which should be And the result shows the wisdom of carefully considered. Not only is the their course. use of unnatural stimulants needless and God always honors the right. The pernicious, but it is also extravagant most promising youth of every land and wasteful. An immense sum is thus subdued by the great conqueror, had squandered every year. The money been gathered at Babylon ; yet amid that is spent for tobacco would support them all, the Hebrew captives were all the missions in the world; the means, without a rival. The erect form, the worse than wasted upon strong drink firm, elastic step, the fair countenance would educate the youth now drifting showing that the blood was uncor- into a life of ignorance and crime, and rupted, the undimmed senses, the un- prepare them to do a noble work for tainted breath,— all were so many cer- God. There are thousands upon thou- tificates of good habits, insignia of the sands of parents who spend their earn- nobility with which nature honors those ings in self-indulgence, robbing their who are obedient to her laws. And children of food and clothing and the when their ability and acquirements benefits of education. And multitudes were tested by the king at the close of of professed Christians encourage these the three years of training, none were practices b/ their example. What ac- found " like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, count will be rendered to God for this and Azariah." Their keen apprehension, waste of his bounties ? Money is one their choice and exact language, their of the gifts intrusted to us with which extensive and varied knowledge, testified to feed the hungry, to clothe the naked, to the unimpaired strength and vigor of to minister to the afflicted, and to send their mental powers. the gospel to the poor. But how is this The history of Daniel and his com- work neglected! When the Master shall panions has been recorded on the pages come to reckon with his servants, will CHRISTIANIA. 211 he not say to many, "Inasmuch as ye hands cordially, and expressing their did it not to one of the least of these, ye gratitude for having heard the dis- did it not to me" ? All around us there course, saying that they had never be- is work to do for God. Our means, our fore listened to such a temperance lect- time, our strength, and our influence ure. An urgent desire was expressed are needed. Shall we take hold of this that I should address them again: but I work, and live to glorify God and bless felt that our own people needed my our fellow-men? Shall we build up the help, and I must do all for them that Lord's kingdom in the earth ? was in my power. There is need now of men like Dan- LABOR FOR THE CHURCH. iel,—men who have the self-denial and the courage to be radical temperance The Sabbath, as well as each evening reformers. Let every Christian see that during the week, was especially devoted his example and influence are on the to meetings with the Christiania church. side of reform. Let ministers of the When the mission fields in this new gospel be faithful in sounding the warn- country were opened before me, I was iugs to the people. And let all remem- shown that some things in every branch ber that our happiness in two worlds of the mission needed a different mold ; depends upon the right improvement of there was need of exalting the standard one. in this church, before a correct and THE PRESIDENT'S REMARKS. saving influence could go forth to other places. There was precious talent in From the secretary's opening remarks the church at Christiania, but God could it was evident that the people expected not use these brethren until they were a regular campaign address, full of sta- converted. There were some who had tistics and stories about the crusade; and capabilities to help the church, but who, when they saw that the subject was to needed first to set their own hearts in be argued from a Bible stand-point, they order. Some had been bringing in false were at first astonished, then interested, tests, and had made their own ideas and finally deeply moved. There was and notions a criterion, magnifying no smiling, no noisy applause. All matters of little importance into tests of seemed to feel that the subject presented Christian fellowship, and binding heavy was too solemn to excite merriment. burdens upon others. Thus a spirit of At the close of the address, Dr. Nisson, criticism, fault-finding, and dissension president of the society, made a few had come in, which had been a great pointed remarks, calling attention to injury to the church. And the impres- the fact that the great prosperity of the sion was given to unbelie'Vers that temperance movement in America is Sabbath-keeping Adventists were a set due to its being supported by religious of fanatics and extremists, and that zeal and Bible truth. He appealed most their peculiar faith rendered them un- earnestly to parents to act upon the mat- kind, uncourteous, and really unchris- ter of training their children to temperate tian in character. Thus the course habits. After dismissing the audience, of a few extremists prevented the in- he introduced me to some of the lead- fluence of the truth from reaching the ing temperance workers. Not a few people. came forward to greet me, shaking Some were making the matter of 212 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. dress of first importance, criticising ar- sented plainly upon tables, that he who ticles of dress worn by othees, and read might understand. standing ready to condemn every one It is true that altogether too much who did not exactly meet their ideas. money is expended upon pictures; not A few condemned pictures, urging that a little means which should flow into they are prohibited by the second com- the treasury of God is paid to the artist. mandment, and that everything of this But the evil that will result to the church kind should be destroyed. from the course of these extremists is These one-idea men can see nothing far greater than that which they are except to press the one, thing that pre- trying to correct. It is sometimes a sents itself to their minds. Years ago difficult matter to tell just where the line we had to meet this same spirit and is, where the picture-making becomes a work. Men arose claiming to have sin. But those who love God and de- been sent with a message condemning sire with all their hearts to keep his pictures, and urging that every likeness commandments will be directed by him. of anything should be destroyed. They God would not have them depend on went to such lengths as even to condemn any man to be conscience for them. He clocks which had figures, or " pictures," who accepts all the ideas and impres- upon them. Now we read in the Bi- sions of unbalanced minds will become ble of a good conscience ; and there confused and bewildered. It is Satan's are not only good but bad consciences. object to divert the attention from the There is a conscientiousness that will third angel's message to side issues, that carry everything to extremes, and make minds and hearts that should be grow- Christian duties as burdensome as the ing in grace and in the knowledge of Jews made the observance of the Sab- the truth may be dwarfed and enfeebled, bath. The rebuke which Jesus gave to so that God may not be glorified by the scribes and Pharisees applies to this them. class as well: "Ye tithe mint and rue and A few in Christiania had gone so far all manner of herbs, and pass over judg- as to burn all the pictures in their pos- ment and the love of God." One fa- session, destroying even the likenesses of natic, with his strong spirit and radical their friends. - While we had no sym- ideas, who will oppress the conscience pathy with these fanatical movements, of those who want to be right, will do we advised that those who had burned great harm. The church needs to be their pictures should not incur the ex- purified from all such influences. pense of replacing them. If they had The second commandment prohibits acted conscientiously, they should be sat- image worship ; but God himself em- isfied to let the matter rest where it ployed pictures and symbols to repre- was. But they ought not to require sent to his prophets lessons which he others to do as they had done. They would have them give to the people, should not endeavor to be conscience and which could thus be better under- for their brethren and sisters. stood than if given in any other way. He There are some who imagine that it appealed to the understanding through is their duty to be church tinkers. It is the sense of sight. Prophetic history agreeable to their natural feelings to be was presented to Daniel and John in seeking spot and stain in others; they symbols, and these were to be repre- watch diligently for something to re- CHRISTIANIA. 213 prove, and they become narrower and to Jesus, and pattern after his character; narrower in their ideas, until they are and we should be very jealous of our- ready to make one an offender for a selves, lest we fail to meet the divine word. In the Sabbath meetings, when standard. I remember when we were all should be individually engaged in looking for the Saviour to come in the worship of God, an accusing spirit 1844, how great was the anxiety of is allowed to come in, and one bears each to know that his own heart was testimony against another. This spirit right before God. When we met to- is wholly unlike Christ, and leads to dis- gether, the question would be asked by sension and wrangling. God no more one and another, "Brethren, have you accepts such worship than he accepted seen anything in me that is not right ? Cain's offering. There is no more ef- I know that we are often blind to our own fectual hindrance to growth in grace faults, and if you have seen anything than this disposition to criticise and wrong in me, I want you to tell me." condemn others. We have in our ex- Sometimes errors would be pointed perience seen this accusing spirit grad- out, and we would all bow before God ually enter the hearts of church-mem- and seek forgiveness. If any variance bers until it had leavened nearly the or alienation existed, we felt that we entire church, and the result was that could not separate until all were in har- little of real godliness or of the spirit of mony. Sometimes brethren who had Christ remained. difficulty would be seen going away to- The disposition to gossip, which is so gether to some secret place to plead wide-spread, is displeasing to God. If with God, and they would return with those who indulge in unkind criticism their hearts knit together in love. The or idle talk could realize that an angel sweet spirit of peace was in our assem- of God is noting down their words, and blies, and the glory of God was around. that all are to appear against them in the us. The faces of the believers shone Judgment, they would be far more care- with the light of heaven. ful as to what is entered on that book In this great day of atonement our of records. How must the continual work is that of heart-searching, of self- fault-finding appear to the heavenly abasement, and confession of sin, each messengers who are sent forth to min- humbling his own soul before God, and ister to God's people. Would that the seeking pardon for himself individually. eyes of all might be opened, that they Anciently every one that did not on the might see the holy angels walking day of atonement afflict his soul, was among them. Surely they would be cut off from the people. God would more guarded ; instead of judging their have us work out our own salvation brethren and sisters, and talking of their with fear and trembling. If each will weaknesses, they would be seeking God search and see what sins are lurking in with the whole heart. his own heart to shut out Jesus, he will When Christ appointed to Peter his find such a work to do that he will be work, the apostle, turning to a brother ready to esteem others better than him- disciple, asked, " Lord, what shall this self. He will no longer seek to pluck man do ?" Jesus gently reproved him, the mote out of his brother's eye while saying, "What is that to thee? Follow a beam is in his own eye. thou me.' Here is our work,—to look Let no Christian be found an ac- 214 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. cuserof the brethren. Satan is the one with the precious promises and instruc- who bears this title ; he accuses them tions of God's word. When Satan seeks, before God day and night, he stirs up to divert the attention to things of no the enemies of our faith to accuse us, profit, then we should think and talk of, and he prompts those of like precious these heavenly promises, and the tempter faith to criticise and condemn one an- will be vanquished. By thus battling other. We are not to take part in his day by day, with earnest prayer and work. These are days of trial and of determined faith, all may gain the vic- great peril, the adversary of souls is upon tory. Those who have most to over:-1 the track of every one ; and while we come will be like the sinner to whom stand out separate from the world, we Christ forgave much, and who loved; should press together in faith and love. much; and they will at last stand near- 1 United, we are strong ; divided, we are est to the throne. weak. "Christ is willing to help all who feel We are exhorted to love as brethren, their need of help ; but if any are satis- to be kind, courteous, forbearing, in fied with themselves, the Saviour will honor preferring one another. Love pass them by. Flavel has said : "When for God and for one another constitutes the Lord intends to fill a soul, he first the divine credentials which the, children, makes it empty ; when he intends to en- of God bear to the world. "By this," rich a soul, he first makes it poor ; when said Jesus, "shall all men know that ye he intends to exalt a soul, he first makes are my disciples, if ye have love one to it sensible of its own miseries, want, and another." Those who cherish this love nothingness." I desired our brethren to will sacredly gifair flie-infereifs.'or-One have a sense of their wasted or unim- another'. -No eVir re:PertS War be car: proved opportunities, to realize that lied; tattling_ ,and gossip will cease ; they were dwarfs in the religious life, Christ and the truth will fie ,magnified. when they might be giants. None FoliffiTtieTO-Cheriih: a quer: The statement which is sometimes ulous, fault-finding disposition can en- made, that we must all come down upon ter heaven ; for they would mar its a level, is not Bible teaching. While the peace and harmony. They will be left Christian should cherish humility and outside the city of God, with all who meekness, he is, in learning these les- stir up strife. Nor should they be per- sons, coming in connection with Christ, mitted to remain in the church to pre- coming up to a higher plane of action. vent unity and destroy its usefulness. The Lord would have the subjects of Let them be reproved, and if they do his kingdom represent the character of not change their course, let them be sep- their sovereign. The religion of Christ arated from the church. But all may, never degrades the receiver ; _Ley_er„ if they will, conquer these evil traits. makes him careless in his dress, neglect- The members of the church should ftil of his manners and habits, or rough pledge themselves to walk together in and uncourteous in speech. It elevates harmony. Each should set a guard over the receiver, refines his taste, sanctifies his own heart, not permitting himself to his judgment, purifies the thoughts, and think evil of his brethren, but giving makes the actions holy ; it prepares him them credit for all the good qualities to become a member of the great family they possess. We should store the mind above. CHRISTIANIA.. 215 The church at Christiania have not a are to present to the world. Here God twentieth part of the influence they has a test for us, and if we come up to the might have possessed, if they had rightly standard, we shall be a peculiar people. improved their opportunities and priv- Whoever obeys the fourth command- ileges. Their ideas are altogether too ment will find that a separating line is narrow. Each should turn his attention drawn between him and the world. The to himself, to make the most of every ad- Sabbath is a test, not a human require- vantage, that he may become a help and ment, but God's test. It is that which strength to the church. God has com- will distinguish between those who serve mitted to them sacred truths, through God and those who serve him not; and which they are to be sanctified and to upon this point will come the last great reflect light to the world. They are to conflict of the controversy between truth show what the truth can do for even and error. coarse, rough stones out of the quarry Among our people generally in these of the world. What these brethren need kingdoms, the Sabbath has not stood in is elevation of thought, and refinement the exalted position where God has of character. They need to make the placed it. The world is the instrument Bible their guide ; the study of God's that sifts the church, and tests the gen- holy word will strengthen and expand uineness of its members. The world the mind. But they must learn the holds out inducements, that, when ac- truth as it is in Jesus, or they might cepted, place the believer where his life better never have received it. It is not is not in harmony with his profession. the mere reading of the word that gives Some of our. brethren engaged in bus- light, but the word opened to the under- iness have not kept the Sabbath accord- standing and applied to the heart by the ing to the commandment. Some have Spirit of God. been in partnership with unbelievers, and the influence of these Sabbath- IMPORTANCE OF THE SABBATH. breaking associates has had its effect While some have been urging their upon them. Some have been so blinded man-made tests upon the people, the that they could not discern the danger claims of the fourth commandment have in such connections, but it only the been held very lightly. We knew that greater because unperceived. While the blessing of God could not rest upon one partner is professedly observing the this church until there was a reforma- Sabbath, the other, with the laborers tion upon this important point. Those employed, is carrying on the business who stand in responsible positions of the firm. The Sabbath-keeper, though should be careful that their words and not outwardly engaged in labor, cannot example are such as will lead the people keep his thoughts from business matters. to correct views and practices. They While he may endeavor to keep the should be sure that in no way they be- Sabbath, he does not keep it. The Lord little the requirements of God. Because looks upon him as a transgressor. the fourth commandment is so widely Even in business relations we cannot, disregarded, we should he the more without involving principle, connect our- earnest and decided in seeking to honor selves with those who are not loyal to this precept of God's holy law. The God. What the one party feels that third angel's message is that which we conscience forbids, the other allows. 216 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

And this not merely in regard to relig- one of us should, they would have ious matters, but in business transac- known their duty, and would not have tions. The one acts from selfish motives, been walking in darkness. It was very regardless of God's law or the salvation hard for them to see how they could of the soul ; and if the other sincerely take any other course. But God does loves God and the truth, there must be not. consult our convenience in regard either a sacrifice of principle or frequent toyie C'Orn-ffiaiidments. He expects us to and painful differences. It will require obey them, and to teach them to our a continual struggle to resist the worldly children. We have before us the ex- influence and example of his ungodly ample of Abraham, the father of the associate. He has great difficulties to faithful. The God of heaven says, "I meet; for he has placed himself on the know him, that he will command his enemy's ground. The only safe course children and his household after him, is to give heed to the inspired injunction: and they shall keep the way of the. "Be ye not unequally yoked together Lord." And this was why such great with unbelievers; for what fellowship blessings were pronounced upon him hath righteousness with unrighteous- and his posterity. ness ? and what communion hath light Our brethren cannot expect the ap- with darkness?" " Come out from among proval of God while they place their them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, children where it is impossible for them and touch not the unclean ;- and I will to obey the fourth commandment. They receive you." should endeavor to make some arrange- Some of our people have sent their ment with the authoritieS whereby the children to school on the Sabbath. They children shall be excused from attend- were not compelled to do this, but the ance at school upon the seventh day. school authorities objected to receiving If this fails, then their duty is plain, to the children unless they should attend obey God's requirements at whatever six days. In some of these schools, cost. In some places in Central Europe, pupils are not only instructed in the persons have been fined and imprisoned usual branches of study, but are taught for not sending their children to school to do various kinds of work ; and here on the Sabbath. In one place, after a the children of professed commandment- brother had plainly stated his faith, an keepers have been sent upon the Sab- officer of justice came to his door, and bath. Some parents have tried to jus- compelled the children to go to school. tify their course by quoting the words The parents gave them a Bible instead of Christ, that it is lawful to do good on of their usual text-books, and their time the Sabbath day. But the same reason- was spent in studying it. But wherever ing would prove that men may labor on it can be done, our people should estab- the Sabbath because they must earn lish schools of their own. Where they bread for their children ; and there is cannot do this, they should as soon as no limit, no boundary line, to show possible remove to some place where what should and what should not be they can be free to keep the command- done. ments '-,of God. _ Had these dear brethren possessed Some will urge that the Lord is not greater spirituality, had they realized so particular in his requirements ; that i the binding claim of Gods law as every it is not their duty to keep the Sabbath CHRIS TIA NIA, 217 strictly at so great loss, or to place If parents allow their children to re- themselves where they will be brought ceive an education with the world, and in conflict with the laws of the land. make the Sabbath a common day, then But here is just where the test is com- the seal of God cannot be placed upon ing, whether we will honor the law of them. They will be destroyed with the God above the requirements of men. world ; and will not their blood rest This is what will distinguish between upon the parents ? But if we faithfully those who honor God and those who teach our children God's commandments, dishonor him. Here is where we are bring them into subjection to parental to prove our loyalty. The history of authority, and then by faith and prayer God's dealings with his people in all commit them to God, he will work with ages shows that he demands exact obe- our efforts ; for he has promised it. dience. And when the overflowing scourge shall When the destroying angel was about pass through the land, they with us may to pass through the land of Egypt, and be hidden in the secret of the Lord's. smite the first-born of both man and pavilion. beast, the Israelites were directed to God brought his people Israel from bring their children into the house with Egypt that they might keep his Sabbath, them, and to strike the door-post with and he gave them special directions blood, and none were to go out of the how to keep it. The ten precepts house ; for all that were found among spoken by his own voice from Sinai, the Egyptians would be destroyed with and the instructions given to Moses, them. Suppose an Israelite had neg- were recorded for the benefit of all Jected to place the sign of blood upon who should live upon the earth, to the his door, saying that the angel of God close of time. God has given man six would be able to distinguish between days for labor, but he has reserved the the Hebrews and the Egyptians ; would seventh to himself, and he has pro- the heavenly sentinels have stood to nounced a blessing upon those who guard that dwelling? We should take keep it holy. The day before the Sab- this lesson to ourselves. Again the de- bath is to be made a day of preparation, stroying angel is to pass through the that everything may be in readiness land. There is to be a mark placed for its sacred hours. "Bake that which upon God's people, and that mark is the ye will bake to-day, and seethe that ye keeping of his holy Sabbath. We are will seethe." "To-morrow is the rest not to follow our own will and judg- of the holy Sabbath unto the Lord." ment, and flatter ourselves that God will Divine mercy has directed that the sick come to our terms. God tests our faith and suffering should be cared for; the by giving us some part to act in con- labor required to make them comforta- nection with his interposition in our ble is a work of necessity, and no vie- behalf. To those who comply with the lation of the Sabbath. But all unneces- conditions, his promises will be fulfilled; sary work should be avoided. Many but all that venture to depart from his carelessly put off till the beginning of instructions, to follow a way of their the Sabbath little things that should own choosing, will perish with the have been done on the day of prepara- wicked when his judgments are visited tion. This should not be. Any work upon the earth. that is neglected until the commence- 15 218 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. ment of holy time should remain undone never realized as now the importance of until the Sabbath is past. the truth and the influence that it must The words and thoughts should be have upon their life and character. Not guarded. Those who discuss business a few testified with gratitude that they matters and lay plans on the Sabbath, are had received God's blessing as never regarded of God as though they engaged before. in the actual transaction of business. To We were thankful for every token keep the Sabbath holy, we should not that this dear people were obtaining a even allow our minds to dwell upon sense of their true condition. But some things of a worldly character. who should have been personally inter- Sunday is generally made a day of ested, were looking on as though they feasting and pleasure-seeking ; but the had no interest .at stake. The testi- Lord would have his people give the monies which the Lord gave them did world a higher, holier example. Upon not seem to be received. They did not the Sabbath there should be a solemn break the bands which held them un- dedication of the family to God. The der condemnation of the Spirit of God. commandment includes all within our The Saviour was knocking at the door ,gates ; all the inmates of the house are of their hearts, but they were unwilling to

CHRISTIANIA. Better, far better, would it be to leave THE COUNTRY AND THE PEOPLE. them in darkness until they could receive the truth in its purity. Christiania presents but little of spe- There are those who are watching cial interest to the traveler. It is pleas- this people to see what is the influence antly situated at the foot of gently slop- of the truth upon them. The children ing, grassy and pine-clad hills, the pictur- of this world are wiser in their genera- esque fiord stretching away in the dis- tion than the children of light; when tance, enlivened with occasional steam- the claims of the fourth commandment boats and sailing vessels. For the most are set before them, they look to see part, the dwellings, as well as the customs how it is regarded by those who profess of the people, are very plain and simple. 220 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

It is hard to realize that in Christiania attend ; that he could best serve the, we are as far north as the southern cause by presenting in person the wants point of Greenland and Alaska. The of these mission fields, and assisting to winters here are not severe. But the arrange some business matters for the- days at this season are very short. The mission publishing-houses. When the' sun rises as late as half past nine, and matter of his going was first mentioned, sets about three. In summer, of course, I could not consent; but prayerful con— the days are correspondingly long. At sideration convinced me that God had mid-summer it is so light all night that put this into his mind, and I would not one can see to read print. Children are bid him stay. Accordingly he left us at often playing in the-streets till midnight. Christiania, and. Bro. H. W. Kellogg ac- At the North Cape the sun does not set companied our party on the return to from May 15 to July 29. Basle. Norway has about two million inhab- On our ride from Christiania to Got— itants ; the people are remarkable for tenburg, Sweden, the wild mountain their independent, liberty-loving spirit. scenery in some places reminded us of For many centuries this country be- Colorado. But neither the height of longed to Denmark; but about seventy the mountains nor the grandeur of the, year ago the Norwegians cast off the landscape equals that of Colorado. We. Danish rule, and united themselves with passed through extensive pine forests; Sweden. They have their own legisla- but the trees do not grow to a large size ; tive body, which is called the Storthing. they are small, and set close together. The king is required to be of the Lu- The soil is rocky and sterile. We oc- theran religion, and he must live four casionally saw evidences of wealth and months of every year in Norway. prosperity, but most of the dwellings The Norwegians are generally a well- are small and poor. It is only by con- educated, intelligent, law-abiding people. stant industry and frugality that the peo- Honesty and cleanliness are cardinal ple here obtain a livelihood. virtues among them. They are simple This day we were favored with a and kind-hearted, and hospitable to sight of the most glorious sunset it was strangers. ever my privilege to behold. Language is inadequate to picture its beauty. The last beams of the setting sun, silver and RETURN TO SWITZERLAND. gold, purple, amber, and crimson, shed ON the 16th of November we left their glories athwart the sky, growing Christiania, on our return to Switzer- brighter and brighter, rising higher and land. William had parted from us a higher in the heavens, until it seemed few days before, going by the way of that the gates of the city of God had the North Sea to England, and thence to been left ajar, and gleams of the inner America, to attend the General Confer- glory were flashing through. For two ence. We had seen the necessities of hours the wondrous splendor continued the cause in the different European to light up the cold northern sky,—a fields, and were impressed with the picture painted by the great Master- great need of means and laborers ; and Artist upon the shifting canvas of the as we neared the time for General Con- heavens. Like the smile of God it ference, he felt that it was his duty to seemed, above all earthly homes, above - RETURN TO SWITZERLAND, 221 the rock-bound plains, the rugged fearing the effect of violent wrenching mountains, the lonely forests, through upon my heart. At that time I happily which our journey lay. escaped, but I now suffered all that I Angels of mercy seemed whispering, then anticipated. `" Look up. This glory is but a gleam The waters seemed lashed into fury of the light which flows from the throne by the merciless winds. The boat was of God. Live not for earth alone. Look wrenching and creaking as if going to up, and behold by faith the mansions of pieces. Whenever we attempted to the heavenly home." This scene was rise, we were thrown back with great to me as the bow of promise to Noah, force. Even our faithful stewardess, enabling me to grasp the assurance of unable to keep her footing, was thrown God's unfailing care, and to look for- across the room from side to side as the ward to the haven of rest awaiting the vessel rolled and pitched. As I lay faithful worker. Ever since that time I helpless and exhausted, with closed have felt that God granted us this token eyes and ashen face, Sister McEnterfer

change to our' compartment in the car, About 8 P, yr. we reached Cologne, or and the gentle, gliding motion of the "Köln," as the Germans spell it and pro- train. We lay down upon the seats, nounce it. Here we spent the night. and cared only to enjoy the luxury of Our hotel was but a short distance from rest. We were sleeping soundly when the celebrated cathedral, and we had a at three in the morning the cars stopped, good view of it by moonlight. This is- and the guard informed us that we had said to be the most magnificent Gothic reached the borders of Germany, and edifice in the world. It is built, as cathe- must all pass through the custom-house. drals usually are, in the form of a cross,. It was bitterly cold, and Bro. Kellogg is 444 feet long, and has two towers each went to the officers and asked permis- 512 feet high, the loftiest in Europe._ sion for the ladies to remain in the car, The building is covered with turrets and stating that one of them was ill, and statuary, and presents a most imposing' must not be disturbed. But no, nothing appearance. It was, more than six hun- would avail; sick or well, we must all ap- dred years in building, and the names -pear for inspection. Two officials came of the first architects have long since to the car door, and the other ladies been forgotten. In 1848 was celebrated of the party at once started to leave the the six-hundreth anniversary of the lay- car, but they had only stepped on the ing of the corner-stone. The cathedral platform when the officers said, " That was completed in' 1880, at an estimated is enough ; you can go back." But cost of $10,000,000. they were not fully satisfied about the Cologne is one of the oldest cities of reputed sick woman. As I lay covered Northern Europe. It is said that a col- with shawls and blankets, they evident- ony was planted here by the mother of ly suspected that I might be a bundle Nero in 51 A. n., and even this occupied of dry goods which our party were try- the site of a still more ancient city. ing to smuggle into Germany. As the Many ruins of this early period are still officers again came to the door, flashing in existence. The old streets are ex- the bright light of their lanterns into ceedingly narrow, and there are no side- the compartment, I quickly sat up and walks, or scarcely any. A few years said, "Here I am, gentlemen, please ago there was one street in which a look, and see that I am a living wom- man standing in the center and extend- an." I do not know whether they un- ing both arms at the same time could derstood my words, but they burst into touch the buildings on each side. But a hearty laugh, said in German, "All most of the narrowest streets have now right," and left us to compose ourselves been swept away. to sleep again if we could after this un- This city possesses an interest for timely interruption. us far greater than that excited by its grand cathedral. Hither came Tyndale COLOGNE. from Hamburg, to complete the print- When we left Basle, we went to Ham- ing of the New Testament, hoping burg by the way of Frankfort, down the to find here better opportunities for right bank of the Rhine. In returning, sending the work, when finished, to we came up the left bank of the river, England. He had not, however, pro- passing through Cologne, Bingen, and ceeded far in his labors, when his secret May ence. was betrayed, and he escaped from the RETURN TO SWITZERLAND. 223 city only in time to save his printed and the railroad track, the train on the sheets from falling into the hands of the opposite bank dashing along as if in papists. A little boat conveyed him strife with ours, and often disappearing and his precious wares up the Rhine— from view as it darts through some along the very route which we are to mountain tunnel. Close beside us flows take—to Worms. There he completed the beautiful Rhine, as still and smooth his great work, and England for the first as glass, and upon its quiet bosom little time received the Bible printed in the steamers are gliding up and down. language of the people. This country being the resort of tourists and pleasure-seekers, great at- ALONG THE RHINE. tention is given to everything connected We leave Cologne in the early morn- with their comfort and entertainment. ing. The weather during the entire Large and elegant hotels, surrounded homeward journey is bright and sunny, by beautiful terraced grounds, groves; and we have a good opportunity to see shrubbery, and flowers, are built all the country. From this place to Bingen along the river banks. And even in the our route lies through the far-famed smallest and most secluded villages the highlands of the Rhine. The scenery is hotels and inns are like palaces in com- grand and picturesque, and in summer parison with the dwellings of the people.. it must be beautiful beyond description. The roads along the Rhine are as The railroad lies close to the river bank, near perfect as it is possible to make the track winding around the mountains, them. And well they may be; for and affording a fine view of the river workmen have been constantly em- all the way. On each side there are ployed in building and improving them mountains, here sloping gradually to the for nearly two thousand years. In many shore, there rising abruptly from the places they have been walled up on the water's edge. Palaces and towers are side toward the river, the rock cut away scattered everywhere on the river bank, on the land side, valleys filled up, hill- adorning every commanding position sides terraced, and chasms bridged over, along the shores. From almost every so that though passing through a very rocky crag or mountain summit an an- mountainous region, they are almost as cient castle or ruined arch looks down level as a railroad. upon the smiling valley. The mountains Great labor has been bestowed also are terraced and covered with vineyards, on the paths up the mountain sides. and steep, zigzag paths lead up their There is nothing like them to be seen in sides, to the watchtowers and pavilions America. They are made just wide on the pinnacles of the rocks, or far up enough for two mules to pass each to the towers and castles that crown the other ; not a foot of ground is wasted. summit. On the hills and in the valleys On the upper side is a wall supporting are groves, orchards, and gardens; and the vineyard terrace, on the other, one nestled at the foot of the mountains, or that incloses the vine plantings. The clinging to the steep hillsides, may be paths are graveled hard, so that the seen the villages of the peasants, a grey rain may not wash them out, and they old church lifting its spire from some mount by regular zigzags to lessen the elevated site above the little hamlet. steepness of the ascent. Except the On each side of the river are the road streams and mountains themselves, these 224. HISTORICAL SKETCHES. roads and mountain paths are, no doubt, cannot be used, the work is done by more ancient than anything else which men and women. Large baskets three we look upon. or four feet long, flat on one side and The mountains are terraced for vine- rounded on the other, are lashed to the yards, to the very summit. It must have back, and they carry these, filled with

CASTLE ON THE RINNE. cost an immense amount of labor to earth or dressing, up the steep mountain build these terraces, and the cultiva- paths. tion of the vineyards thus formed is no At Bingen the aspect of the country easy task. Earth as well as dressing changes. Instead of the romantic scen- has to be carried from the valley below ; ery of the mountains, we see level and and as in many places even donkeys highly cultivated plains. In summer RETURN TO SWITZERLAND. 225 they must be very beautiful, with their homeward journey having occupied four groves and orchards and crops of every days. We were absent six weeks on kind, separated by green hedges, and this Scandinavian tour, and traveled dotted with villages and towns. more than twenty-five hundred miles. About noon we passed through In all the meetings in Scandinavia as Worms, the quaint old town which in Switzerland, my sermons were spoken Luther has inseparably linked with the in English, and translated sentence by history of the Reformation, and from sentence into the language of the people. which went forth Tyndale's Bible, the Although this was hard work for the most powerful agent in the Reformation speaker, yet the interest of the hearers of England. was sufficient encouragement, it being At Mayence the train waited two equal to that of any congregations we hours, and we improved the opportunity have seen in America. On some occa- for a walk about the city. On our sions some who could not find seats return to the station, our baggage, would stand for one hour without any which we had left in the waiting room, sign of weariness. was nowhere to be seen. After con- Wherever we went, our people warmly siderable search we succeeded in find- expressed their gratitude for the help ing it in charge of a railway porter, which had been sent them and the inter- who informed us that it needed guard- est manifested in their behalf by the ing. We were required to pay a mark brethren in America. In the social meet- (25 cents) to one man for removing ings nearly all spoke with deep feeling of it from the waiting room, a franc (20 their sorrow that we could not under- cents) to another for standing guard stand each other's speech. They knew over it, and a franc to another for put- that this barrier was the result of sin, ting it in the car. This is an illustration and they looked forward with earnest of what is to be constantly met in trav- expectation to the time when there eling in Europe. would be nothing to prevent our com- We reached Basle, November 19, our munion with one another. VISIT TO NORTHERN ITALY.

EARY and worn from the arduous become faithful, devoted soldiers of the. W labors of our northern trip, I cross of Christ. would gladly have rested a few weeks In the Sabbath congregation we saw in our home at Basle. But the next a number of new ones who had become morning after our arrival, the brethren interested in the truth through reading. presented the necessity of a speedy visit Among these were several young men, to Italy, as some there were becoming students from a theological school in discouraged, and were in great need of the city. One of them, although every help. Arrangements were therefore made inducement was held out by his rela- to start the next Thursday morning, less tives and by the college professors, has than a week from the time we reached since taken his stand decidedly for the home. truth. He understands the French, the The intervening time was spent in German, and the English, has served a writing letters to some of the workers two-years' apprenticeship in a printing in Europe, and in earnest labor, both office, and is now doing good work in public and private, for the young people our office as German translator. As we. connected with the office at Basle. Vari- near the end, and the work increases, ous influences had been at work to draw we look for such conversions to be more their minds away from true devotion to and more frequent. All through these God ; and they had allowed their interest countries there is talent that God will and affection to be divided, giving to yet use to advance his cause. others that place in their hearts which On the morning of November 26, I the Lord alone should occupy. Sunday left Basle for Torre Pellice, Italy, ac- morning I met with them in their season companied by my daughter, • Mary K. of prayer, and spoke about thirty min- White, and Eld. B. L. Whitney. It was utes upon the necessity of faithfulness my fifty-eighth birthday, and surely it in their labors. At the close of my was to be celebrated in a way and place remarks, a request was made for all to that I had little dreamed of. It seemed rise who would from that time make hard for me to realize that I was in most earnest efforts to reach a higher Europe ; that I had borne my testimony standard. All arose. My heart was in England, Switzerland, Denmark, Nor- greatly drawn out for these young way, and Sweden, and was on my way people, that they might improve all the to labor in Italy. In my youth I felt a powers that 'God had given them, and strong desire to be a child of God, and. (226) VISIT TO ITALY. 227 as his Spirit began to impress my heart, colossal statue of Tell has been erected and I tried in feebleness to obey its on the very spot, it is said, whence he- promptings, Ireceived increased strength, aimed at the apple placed on the head and my desire to do good also increased. of his own son by command of the I have ever found plenty of work to do, tyrant Gessler ; while one hundred and and I have also learned that in Christ fifty paces distant stands a fountain alone there is rest, peace, or happiness. erected on the supposed site of the . In God is our only help. I have tried lime-tree by which Tell's child stood all these years not to build my hopes on while awaiting his father's arrow. this world, but to lay up a treasure above. Several centuries ago, parts of Switz- For several days before we started on erland were often visited by earth- our journey the weather had been foggy quakes. They have since entirely and rainy, and we feared that the clouds ceased; but floods, avalanches, snow- would hang as a vail over the scenery storms, and land-slides still threaten the through which we were to pass. But inhabitants with frequent dangers. We the mist and fog soon disappeared, and passed through one scene of desolation the sun came out bright and pleasant. caused by a land-slip in the summer of 1806. The season had been very rainy, SWISS SCENERY. and one afternoon about five o'clock a Although the Swiss Republic contains strata composed of flint rocks, limestone, twenty-two cantons, or States, and has and other soft formations, upwards of a population of three million of people, one mile in length, one thousand feet in it is not a large country, being only breadth, and one hundred feet in thick- about half the size of the State of Maine. ness, was precipitated from a height of Besides this, it is estimated that two- three thousand feet into the valley be- thirds of its surface consists of lakes, low, burying four villages, with four rivers, and uninhabitable heights. Hence hundred and fifty-seven of the inhabit- it will be seen that its rich valleys and ants. The scene of this catastrophe habitable mountain sections support a was between the celebrated Rossberg dense population. and Rigi mountains. From the top of The course of our journey led through the Rossberg to a point nearly half way the wild and magnificent scenery of Lake up the Rigi the surface of the earth was Lucerne, or, as it is sometimes called, converted into a rocky chaos. Time has- " Lake of the Four FOrest Cantons," covered these fragments of rock with because it is bounded by four cantons, moss and other vegetation, but the track whose forest-clad mountains in many of the slide can still be distinctly traced. places rise abruptly from the water's The glaciers of Switzerland are the- edge. This beautiful lake, with its reservoirs which Teed some of the largest swans and flocks of half-tamed birds, rivers of Western Europe. The Rhine• we passed at our right. and the Rhone both have their source. Besides being noted for its scenery, in Switzerland, not many miles apart. this lake is intimately associated with Flowing in different directions, the Rhine those historical traditions connected with empties its waters into the North Sea, William Tell, the so-called liberator of the Rhone into the Mediterranean. Switzerland from the Austrian yoke. Our course over the Alps lay through In the pleasant little town of Altorf, a the great St. Gotthard pass. The road 228 HISTORIC 4L SKETCHES. through this pass is a marvel of engineer- fensprung, the train enters the side of a ing skill. It was ten years in building, mountain, describes a complete ascending and has been completed only four years. circle of over sixteen hundred yards, and, emerging from the mountain, crosses its THE ST. GOTTHARD PASS. own track one hundred and fifteen feet After leaving Erstfeld, a large railway above the place where it entered. Then, station, the ascent begins. A heavier crossing the boiling Reuss by a huge iron engine has been attached to the train, bridge, the train enters the Wattinger and we enter a rocky defile flanked by loop tunnel, in which an ascent of seven- steep and lofty mountains. At the base ty-six feet is made. Then another of these rushes the foaming river Reuss, bridge across the river, the considerable forming of itself a succession of beauti- village of Wasen, and we plunge into the ful waterfalls, and receiving numberless third curved tunnel. Beyond this the .smaller cascades which appear to spring train skirts the mountain side, from which from the tops of the highest peaks. As is obtained a grand view of the windings we proceed, the gorge begins to narrow just traversed, lying far below. Alto-

DIAGRAM OF LOOP TUNNELS ON NORTH SIDE OF ALPS. and the interest to increase. It seems gether, this railroad has over fifty as though the turbulent Reuss, thinking bridges, most of them large iron struc- merely of its own convenience, had cut tures, and fifty-six tunnels. a place just large enough for itself The longest of these is called, by way through the solid rocks. Therefore the of distinction, the St. Gotthard. This train is obliged much of the way to one tunnel is nine and one-fourth miles make a path for itself within the mount- long. In the middle of it the road ain. The heaviest grade on the road reaches its highest elevation, 3787 feet is one foot in four. In many places, above the sea, and then begins to de- however, it has been made much less scend on the other side. During the than this, by the use of bridges and seven and one-half years in which this curved tunnels, as shown in the accom- one tunnel was in process of construc- panying engraving. There are three tion, twenty-five hundred workmen on of these tunnels on the north side of the an average were employed daily, and mountains, and four on the south side. sometimes the number reached three In the first of these tunnels, the Pfaf- thousand four hundred. The boring VISIT TO ITALY. 229

THE ST. GOTTHARD PASS. .230 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. was commenced on both sides of the each of these tunnels a descent of one Mountain at the same time ; and such hundred and eighteen feet is made, was the engineering skill displayed that thus enabling the train to descend an when the workmen came together, there otherwise impassable gorge. From this was not the variation of an inch in their point the valley begins to widen. Beau- work. The contractor, Mr. Louis Favre, tiful cascades are seen pouring over the ,did not live to see the completion of his cliffs on each side, and interspersed task, having died of apoplexy in the among the rocks are noble chestnut, tunnel three years before it was finished. walnut, mulberry, and fig trees. It took our train twenty-five minutes At Bellinzona about four o'clock in to pass through this tunnel; but the ar- the afternoon our train was divided, rangement for ventilation is so complete, and a portion of the cars and passen- .a current of fresh air being constantly gers wound their way around the mount- forced through the tunnel, that we found it unnecessary even to close the win- dows. There was something solemn in the thought that while we were nearly four thousand feet above the level of the sea, there were yet from six to .seven thousand feet of solid rock piled above our heads, and three thousand three hundred and fifty feet above us lay the clear waters of Lake Sella. It was with a sense of relief that we emerged from this dark cavern, only, however, to be again lost in wonder, this time not so much at the workmanship of man as at the mighty works of God. CIRCULAR TUNNELS ON SOUTH SIDE OF ALPS. Soon after leaving the St. Gotthard ain side toward Milan, while we con- we come to Airolo, the first Italian-Swiss tinued our course to Turin, along the village. From this point the road de- border of the beautiful Lake Maggiore. scends the valley of the Ticino by means Here we arrived about ten o'clock in the of numerous windings, and by straight evening, and found excellent accommo- .and circular tunnels. Soon an immense dations at a hotel near the station. After mountain projects into the valley, ap- a good night's rest, we were ready to parently with the desire to check the continue our journey at an early hour. course of the impatient, swift-flowing About thirty miles west of Turin we Ticino ; but by some means the river left the vast plains which " stretch like has succeeded in forcing a passage a garden for two hundred miles along through it, and descends in a series of the foot of the Alps," and, passing falls through a wild, rocky gorge to a through a narrow opening in a low lower region of the valley, while the range of mountains, entered the Pied- railway accomplishes the descent by mont valleys. Only one of these valleys, means of two circular tunnels, the that of Lucerne, is traversed by the rail- Piano Tondo and the Travi, one below road. Soon after entering this valley, the other in cork-screw fashion. In several others spread out like a fan, VISIT TO ITALY. 231 some at our right and some at our left. Sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of But it is in this central and largest val- my covenant; even them will I bring to my ley, at the terminus of the railroad, that holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer. Their burnt-offerings and Torre Penice is situated, and thither our their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine course is directed, that, if possible, we altar; for mine house shall be called an may encourage the little company there house of prayer for all people." who are striving under great difficulties The question may arise in some minds to obey God. We reached this place why we as a people are separated from Friday, about 9 A. M., and were wel- the world into little companies. We comed to the hospitable home of Eld. answer, It is not because we choose to A. C. Bourdeau, who, according to the differ from those around us, but because vote of the last European Council, had we see the necessity of obeying all the just located here with his family. requirements of God. If any feel that LABORS EV THE PIEDMONT VALLEYS. it is of no consequence whether we obey all his commandments or not, they have The next clay, Sabbath, I spoke to the only to look back to Eden to see what brethren and sisters in the hired hall in dire results befell Adam and Eve be- which they held their regular Sabbath cause of disobedience. It is for us to meetings. Owing to a delay in getting choose whether we will go over the out the appointment, few besides our same ground as they in transgression, own people were present. But I felt the or whether we will walk in the light same interest in speaking to the few that has shone upon us, and be found that I would have felt in addressing of our heavenly Father in the path of hundreds. Choosing as my text Isa. 56: humble obedience. His blessings and 1-7, I tried to impress upon them the promises are for those who, love and importance of obeying God and walking obey him. in the light, regardless of the opinions Some urge that it is of no consequence or course of the world. whether we keep the Sabbath or not ; "Thus saith the Lord, Keep ye judgment, but we say that froth the Bible stand- and do justice; for my salvation is near to point it is a matter ®f great importance. come, and my righteousness to be revealed. Blessed is the man that doeth this, and the Had it not been important, God would son of man that layette hold on it; that keep- not have wrought in so marvelous a eth the Sabbath from polluting it, and keep- manner to deliver his people from eth his hand from doing any evil. Neither Egyptian bondage. It was because he let the son of the stranger, that bath joined saw that they could not obey his com- himself to the Lord, speak, saying, The Lord bath utterly separated me from his people; mandments in their servitude, that he neither let the eunuch say, Behold, I am a revealed his mighty arm in bringing dry tree. For thus saith the Lord unto the them into a place where they could eunuchs that keep my Sabbaths, and choose serve him. When they came to Sinai, the things that please me, and take hold of my covenant: Even unto them will I give in he took occasion to refresh their minds mine house and within my walls a place and in regard to his requirements. Christ a name better than of sons and of daughters; and the Father, standing side by side I will give them an everlasting name, that upon the mount, with .solemn...,majesty shall not be cut off. Also the sons of the proclaimed the ten commandments, stranger, that join themselves to the Lord, to serve him, and to love the name of the Lord, placing in the very center of the deca- to be his servants, every one that keepeth the logue the Sabbath command. Again 232 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. and again the Lord told the people that sees in her friends those for whom Christ if they would keep his Sabbath he has died, she will seek to discharge her would take them to himself to be his duties with even greater fidelity after chosen people ; and again and again she accepts the truth, that if possible sorrow and shame were brought upon she may lead them to see the light. them because they failed to keep it. "But," it is asked, "should not the He also told them that the Sabbath believing wife yield her convictions of should be a sign between him and them duty because of her husband's unbelief?" forever, that they might know that he By no means ; because Christ is her was the Lord their God. Therefore it Lord and Master. She cannot cast aside is of great importance that the Sabbath the claims of high Heaven upon her. be regarded according to the command- The same is true of the believing hus- ment. band or child. We want to know the truth, the The work of overcoming is an indi- whole truth, as it is in Jesus. We can- vidual work. Our only safety is in tak- not afford to cherish error on any point. ing our position firmly in favor of the Those who take their stand firmly upon word of God ; for this is the only foun- the truth will know what affliction and dation that will stand the test. And persecution are. Few at the present then as we try to walk in the path of time have any experimental knowledge humble obedience, we must expect to• of what these are. They may think meet trials. They will come upon us, they are having a hard time, but God, is from quarters where we least expect simply testing them to see if they have them. But we must remember that all root in themselves. He is proving them, who have obeyed the word of God have as he proved Adam and Eve in Eden, to had the cross to lift; and in lifting it see if they will obey him. they helped others to lift it. "Well," says one, "if it were conven- If we have correct ideas of the mission. ient, I would keep the Sabbath ; but as of Christ on earth, and of what our it is, there is too great a cross connected work is, we shall not become discour- with it." Paul says, " God forbid that I aged because we are few. Said Christ, should glory, save in the cross of our when asked if there be few that shall be Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world saved, "Enter ye in at the strait gate; is crucified unto me, and I unto the for wide is the gate, and broad is the world." Here is a double crucifixion. way, that leadeth to destruction, and As the conscientious Christian takes his many there be which go in thereat." stand upon Bible truth, there are always Now he gives the reason : "Because those who refuse to accept it, and choose strait is the gate, and narrow is the the world. The wife may take her po- way, which leadeth unto life, and few sition in favor of truth, while the hus- there be that find it." The fact that you band may oppose it. Here a trial comes are few in this place, brethren and sis- in at once, the trial of separation in faith ters, is no reason that you should be- and feeling. Shall we say to that wife, come discouraged. It seems to me, as I "You should leave your husband because look upon the towering mountains that he does not keep the Sabbath?" No, surround your valleys, that if I lived in indeed. If she was a faithful wife be- this place, I would mark the spot where fore she accepted the truth, and if she so many suffered in ages past for VISIT TO ITALY. 233: the truth, and taking courage from than me is not worthy of me; and he them, would lift the cross and obey the that loveth son or daughter more than truth at any cost. As I think of those me is not worthy of me. And he that who have yielded their lives rather than taketh not his cross, and followeth after the truth, it is plain to me what God has me, is not worthy of me." revealed concerning his people : " They Jesus left the royal courts of heaven, shall walk with me in white; for they clothed his divinity with humanity, and are worthy." for our sakes became poor, that we God does not give us the spirit of the through his poverty might be made rich. martyrs to-day, for we have not come The question with him was not, Is it to the point of martyrdom. He is now convenient for me to do this ? Neither testing us by smaller trials and crosses. should it be with us, Is it convenient And at times when it seems that the bil- to obey God and keep the Sabbath ? lows of temptation will go over our The question rather should be, Is it heads, let us remember that the eye of duty? What say the Scriptures? The God is watching over us, and let us be Lord says in the words of my text, willing to endure all the trials that he "Blessed is the man that doeth this, sees fit to send. and the son of man that layeth hold on John in holy vision saw a company it ; that keepeth the Sabbath from pol- standing around the great white throne, luting it, and keepeth his hand from do- every one of them having white robes. ing any evil." Again the promise is The question is asked, Who are these, made, "If thou turn away thy foot from and whence came they? And the an- the Sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on swer is given: "These are they which my holy day ; and call the Sabbath a. came out of great tribulation, and have delight, the holy of the Lord, honorable; washed their robes, and made them and shalt honor him, not doing thine white in the blood of the Lamb. There- own ways, nor finding thine own pleas- fore are they before the throne of God, ure, nor speaking thine own words; and serve him day and night in his tem- then shalt thou delight thyself in the Lord; ple ; and he that sitteth on the throne and 1 will cause thee to ride upon the shall dwell among them. They shall high places of the earth, and feed thee hunger no more, neither thirst any with the heritage of Jacob thy father ; more; neither shall the sun light on for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken them, nor any heat. For the Lamb it." which is in the midst of the throne shall All we need to know is the will of the feed them, and shall lead them unto Master. He says, "Go forward." We living fountains of waters; and God should obey, even though the Red Sea shall wipe away all tears from their were before us. He has promised to eyes." If you want to be among this be a present help to us in every time of company, you must not study how you need. Then let us not sink down under can escape trials in this life. Do not trials, nor allow them to separate us keep thinking what a little company you from Jesus. As we look at the everlast- are, but get your eyes fixed on Jesus. ing hills around us, they should remind From his own lips the words come us that God has a controversy with the ringing down along the lines to our time, nations, and that all who have lost their- " He that loveth father or mother more lives for the truth's sake will come forth 16 234 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. from where they have fallen, to be re- Dear friends, I entreat you to be firm warded with everlasting life in the city to truth and to duty. Trials may press Of God. Outside the city will be those closer and closer ; but Jesus will lead who persecuted them. As these see the you, if you will let him. Pray much. great light shining upon the faithful ones Be willing to separate from everything from Jesus, they will wish that they had that separates you from God. Then, in been the persecuted instead of the per- the day of trouble, he will come to your secutors. What agony will come upon deliverance, and will hide you under the them, as they hear the song of triumph shadow of his wings. When your echo and re-echo through the courts of names are cast out as evil, and friends heaven, and realize that the despised turn against you, remember how Jesus and persecuted are finally accepted of was treated on earth. Spies were con- God! stantly upon his track, seeking to catch --But what will it profit a person, if, him in his words, that they might find after enduring persecution, he then gives accusation against him. Can his follow- up the truth? Christ gave his life for ers expect better treatment than he re- us, and now, if necessary, we should ceived ? Peter felt that it was too great give our lives for him. We are his, for an honor to be put to death as. his Lord he has bought us ; and we ought not to was, and petitioned that he might be rob him of that for which he has made crucified with his head down. He con- this infinite sacrifice. The third angel is sidered it an honor to suffer for Christ. represented as flying through heaven, Why should not we ? proclaiming the commandments of God AN INTERRUPTION. and the faith of Jesus. This message is to prepare a people for the coming of Here the discourse was broken in Christ. If men should refrain from pro- upon by questions from one who had claiming it, the very stones would cry kept the Sabbath a short time, but who out. The people must be warned. The had recently given it up. Rising in the words of the prophet are, " Cry aloud, congregation, he said, " This Sabbath spare not, lift up thy voice like a trum- question has been a great trouble to me pet, and show my people their trans- during the last year, and now I would gression, and the house of Jacob their like to ask a question : Is the observance sins." We have a solemn work to do to of the Sabbath necessary to my salva- proclaim this message of warning to the tion? Answer, yes or no." I answered world. Are we engaging in this work? promptly, This is an important question, Will men arise in the Judgment and and demands something more full than say, "You never told me that these yes or no. All will be judged according things were so" ? Will the gates of the to the light that has shone upon them. city of God be closed against us, or shall If they have light upon the Sabbath, they we dwell with Jesus through the cease- cannot be saved in rejecting that light. less ages of eternity ? We want to give But none will be held accountable for to God all that there is of us. It is light which they have never received. I only to the faithful workers that the then quoted the words of Christ, " If Saviour says, " Come, ye blessed of my I had not come and spoken unto them, Father, inherit the kingdom prepared they had not had sin; but now they for you from the foundation of the have no cloak for their sin." It was world." with the greatest difficulty, however, VISIT TO ITALY. 235

-that I made these remarks ; for the ques- answer his question as fully as I would tioner kept jumping to his feet, and in- have liked, I told the people that I terrupting me, and in the most excited would be obliged to defer any further manner and with the most violent ges- answer till some future time, and that tures demanding that the answer be yes I would then make it by writing, as he or no. was not prepared to listen to anything I Several times while I was speaking might say. This I did soon after in an he tried to restate my remarks, giving article entitled, "Walking in the Light," them just the meaning that he wished published in Les Signes des Temps. I them to have, and that he has since also sent him an invitation to come and given them ; and as many times he was talk the matter over with me, that we corrected by persons present who un- might see what is truth. But he de- derstood both French and English.* He clined to do so. then began to read and comment upon FURTHER LABORS. something which he had written in re- gard to the- Sabbath. But he proceeded The next afternoon, while I was speak- so rapidly that he gave little opportu- ing, he came into the hall again. If I nity for his remarks to be interpreted, said anything that he agreed with, he and therefore I could get but little idea of would nod his head in approval, and if, what he was trying to say. One statement on the contrary, I said anything that he which I did understand, however, was did not approve, he would shake his to the effect that Christ, instead of teach- head, and begin to talk in an undertone ing the Sabbath, broke it. To this I felt to those near him. I kept right on as that I must respond. I said : " I hope though we did not hear his words of our brother will not place himself on disapproval ; but when I began to read the side of the Pharisees in their accu- the words of Christ in his memorable sations against Christ ; for if their charge sermon on the mount, " Whosoever, of Sabbath-breaking could have been therefore, shall break one of these least sustained against him, they would not commandments, and shall teach men have been under the necessity of hiring so," etc., he jumped to his feet, and with false witnesses to testify against him. " the most frantic gesticulations cried At this he became very much enraged, out to Eld. A. C. Bourdeau, who was and charged me with calling him a acting as interpreter, " Do you keep the Pharisee. This, however, was corrected commandments any better than the by several persons present, and he said, Pharisees ? Answer me." Notwithstand- " I beg pardon. " ing his repeated demands for an answer, When I saw that I could have no op- we kept right on with our work just the portunity to finish my discourse, or to same as though nothing had happened, determined that this meeting, should not

*Notwithstanding the fact that his misstatements of be broken up as the other had been. my position were repeatedly corrected at the meeting, This was too much for him, and grasp- this man has since stated publicly, that at first my re- sponse was evasive but that as he insisted I became ing his hat, he rushed out of the hall in affirmative, then negative, as follows : "If the Chris- tian is persuaded that he ought to keep the Sabbath, the a rage. We were then permitted to Sabbath is necessary to his salvation. If he does not believe it duty to keep the Sabbath, the Sabbath is not continue our meeting in peace. The necessary to his salvation." This is a gross misrepre- sentation, as will be seen by comparing it with the facts few who were present, instead of being . as given above ; but to just such misrepresentations will —those resort who oppose the truth. disturbed by what had happened, seemed 236 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

much strengthened by the words spoken. a remark made by Eld. G. in one of his, The Lord has a people here, and if lectures, it appears that he came to faithful they will yet see others added Torre Pellice the same day that we did; to their numbers. but for some reason his arrival was kept When we came to Italy, it was with quiet, and no announcement of his the desire that we might not only learn meetings was made until after our no- something of the habits and customs of tices had appeared. the people, and the best means of reach- Friday • evening at seven o'clock I ing them, but that we might be the spoke about three-quarters of an hour means of strengthening and encourag- from the text, "Come unto me, all ye ing the brethren and sisters, and that that labor and are heavy laden, and I we might also obtain a little much- will give you rest." At eight o'clock needed rest. In the latter we were Eld. G. spoke in the room above. Eld. somewhat disappointed, although we Bourdeau attended, also M. K. White, did enjoy some features of our stay very who took short-hand notes. I did not much. The climate is healthful, the go, although Eld. G. thought I was pres- air clear and bracing. Throughout our ent, and told the people so, which state- stay of three weeks the weather was ment, however, he corrected at the next delightful. Although it was December, meeting. most of the time we had the doors open His subject the first evening was as in summer. Several days we spent sanctification; but he could not refrain some time in riding. This was a great from mentioning my name. He did so, luxury to me, especially as I was suffer- however, in a very guarded manner. ing much with a lame hip and a broken The next night he spoke more freely, ankle, and was able to walk but little. and bringing forth the precious dish of After the unpleasant interruption in slander that he loves so well, he served our first two meetings, we felt that up to the people in his very best style there was no assurance that we could the rare tidbits that he has been gather- hold other meetings in the same hall ing and manufacturing during the last without similar annoyances, as the one thirty years, as condemning evidence who interrupted the meeting was the that the visions of Mrs. White are not owner of the hall. Before the next of God. During all these years, one of Sabbath another hall had been hired, the principal burdens of his work seems and handbills posted stating that meet- to have been to follow on my track, and ings would be held Friday and Sunday spread these statements which have evenings, and Sabbath and Sunday af- been manufactured by false witnesses, ternoons. The names of the speakers some of whom had become disaffected were not announced, but Eld. Bourdeau's because they had been reproved for name was signed to the bill. Judge of their wicked course. It has been shown our surprise, the next morning after again and again, both by pen and voice our bills were posted, to see other bills, and by the testimony of many witnesses, the same size and style, posted by the that these reports have no foundation side of ours, stating that Eld. Miles in truth; but what cares he for this? Grant would hold a series of meetings He loves his falsehoods too well to give in a hall directly above ours, on the them up. And now we are charitable- same days but at different hours. From enough to venture the opinion that. VISIT TO ITALY. 237

-having repeated them so many times Some who heard Eld. G. preach went he really believes many of them to be home and told their friends that he had true, and feels as zealous as ever Saul come to quarrel with a woman; that did, believing that in trying to tear they did not like his spirit, and they down my influence he is doing God wanted no more of such meetings. The .service. report went out that two Adventists had It has ever been against my principle come to the valleys, and were quarreling to enter into controversy with any one, with each other. This was a mistake, or to spend my time in vindicating my- as some afterward learned ; for there , self against the attacks of those who do was no response made to his unreason- not hesitate to adopt any means to able and untimely raid. In the ten _Pervert the truth, or to cast stigma discourses that I gave in the valleys I upon those who stand in defense of the made no more reference to Eld. G. than law of God. Nothing would please if he had been in his own native State. Satan and his followers better than to After giving four or five discourses, he have me engage in this work; for then withdrew to other parts, having accom- they would give me enough .to keep me plished little if anything. Many who busy all the time, and thus my real work afterward attended our meetings seemed would be left undone. But this is not much surprised and pleased with them. the work that God has given me. Years They said they had been entirely mis- .ago I determined to let nothing draw informed in regard to the nature of our me from the work of speaking and meetings, and expressed much regret writing plain Bible truth. Unmoved that they had not attended them all. alike by condemnation or approval, Sunday afternoon, Dec. 13, I spoke censure or applause, falsehood or flat- from the words, " By faith Moses, tery, I have not shunned to declare, when he was come to years, refused to without partiality and without hypoc- be called the son of Pharaoh's daugh- risy, the message that God has given me. ter; choosing rather to suffer affliction I have always borne, and trust that I with the people of God, than to enjoy shall ever continue to bear, a plain, de- the pleasures of sin for a season." The cided testimony against sin in the church best of attention was given. Many and out. thanked me for the good words they Here in the valleys we were among a had heard. Several of these understood people, who, as a rule, are ignorant of English. the Bible and of the power of God. In the evening we had a good, intel- Eld. Grant had no hold upon them, and ligent congregation. The Spirit of God they knew little if anything of my former helped me as I tried to present before life and labors. Then why should I de- them the reward of the faithful from the part from my established custom, and text, "Let not your heart be troubled; spend the precious moments of my stay ye believe in God, believe also in with this people in vindicating myself ? me. In my Father's house are many Would it not be better for me to crowd mansions, " etc. At the close of the into my talks all the practical religion meeting, nearly all came forward and possible, and thus do the people all the shook hands with me. One man who good I could? We felt that it would be could speak English said, " The Lord _best to do this ; and so it proved. has been present to-night and assisted 238 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. by the inspiration of his Spirit in speak- have felt grieved to see them being de— ing the word." Several expressed an ceived by men who claim to be teachers. earnest desire for us to remain longer. of the Bible, but who misinterpret its. The interest to hear was certainly plainest teachings. But the work is the much greater than when we first came. Lord's, and he can cause even the wrath Our continual prayer is that the Lord of men to praise him. The truth is sure• will open the way for the truth to find to triumph gloriously; but how and when access to the people of these valleys. I it is not for us to decide.

TORRE PELLIGE, ITALY. VISIT TO ITALY. 239' for our trip. The air was clear, the sky THE WALDENSES. as blue as only an Italian sky can be. Our visit to the Waldensian Valleys Our party numbered seven besides the was one of special interest on account of two drivers. The ride was delightful.. the close connection which this locality After going as far as the carriages could has with the history of the people of carry us, we took our blankets and. God in past ages. It was in the friendly lunch-baskets, and prepared to ascend. shelter of the surrounding rocky peaks the mountain. that they found protection when the By a zigzag course our path made its, fierce persecutions of the Roman church way up the hillside, sometimes winding drove them from the fertile plains in and out among the rocks that line the of Northern Italy. In these plains banks of a mountain brook, sometimes they had succeeded in maintaining their crossing a little patch of grain which independence of Rome many years after was supported by a great stone wall and. others had yielded to her power. In- thus kept from being washed down - the deed, up to the eleventh century, the mountain side, sometimes following diocese of Milan is said to have greatly along the very edge of these great walls. exceeded in extent that of Rome. But which hold in place the mountain ter- the very fact that her authority was, races, on which are small vineyards, pas- disregarded on what might be called ture lands, and grain fields; then it would. her own territory, was very humiliating turn suddenly and ascend by rocky to a power to whom all the world v, as steps to the heights above. Now and then bowing down; and, after repeated then we would stop to rest, or to allow unsuccessful attempts to induce the to pass us a solemn-looking flock of bishops of Milan to yield their in.depend- sheep and goats which some little girl ence, they were finally forced to submit. or boy was driving to the small patches, The submission, however, was by no of pasture land above. means universal. Many refused to yield A climb of three-quarters of an hour their rights, and fled, some to one coun- brought us to a large open plat of try, some to another, while many retired ground. Here we halted, and under the to the Piedmontese Alps. "Behind this friendly shade of a huge chestnut-tree rampart of mountains, which Provi- spread our lunch. A few rods from us dence, foreseeing the approach of evil was a large hciuse, built of stone, and days, would seem to have reared on plastered on the outside. Although purpose, did this remnant of the early about eight hundred years old, it was apostolic church of Italy kindle their still occupied. Here it was that many lamp, and here did that lamp continue of the Waldenses found shelter when to burn all through the long night which driven 'by their persecutors from the descended upon Christendom." valley below; but spies soon found them Every rock upon which we gazed here, and soldiers were sent to exter- seemed to speak in solemn silence of the minate them. The battle was fought on wonderful scenes it had witnessed. the very spot where we were seated.. One place of interest which we visited, Although the Waldenses were few in was a spot just back of the town of number, they held their ground for, some Bobbio, seven miles up the valley from time, and then, attempting to escape, Torre Pellice. We had a beautiful day most of them were brutally massacred._ '240 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

'Two who were wounded fled to the the entrance to the grotto. The roof of rocks a few rods above us, where they the cave forms a magnificent arch, dragged their wounded bodies through which gradually subsides and contracts a narrow passage into a cave which into a narrow passage, or throat, and extended thirty feet underground. then widens once more and forms a But a Satanic spirit drove humanity roomy hall of irregular form. Into this from the hearts of their pursuers, and grotto, as into an impregnable castle, led them to devise a means of killing did the Vaudois enter. Their women, these wounded men whom they could infants, and old men, they placed in the not capture. Wood and leaves, were inner hall; their cattle and sheep they piled at the various crevices of the'rock, distributed along the lateral cavities of and set on fire, and the prisoners soon the grotto. The able-bodied men posted perished from suffocation. After par- .themselves at the entrance. Having bar- taking of our simple lunch, we climbed ricaded with huge stones both the door- up to this cave, and explored it as far way of the cave and the path that led as we could. Then one of our number to it, they deemed themselves secure." crawled, feet first, between the rocks, " It would cost them little effort to and dropped himself into the inner cave hurl headlong down thia precipices any where the poor martyrs miserably per- one who should attempt to scale them ished. in order to reach the entrance of the History tells us of several occasions cavern. when the same means of extermination " But a device of their pursuers ren- was resorted to, and that, too, on a dered all- these precautions and defenses much larger scale. The valley of Loyse vain. Ascending, the mountain on the was the scene of one of the most hor- other Side, and approaching the cave rible of these tragedies. The inhabit- from above, the soldiers were let down ants were quietly pursuing their voca- by ropes from the precipice overhanging tions, when they were surprised by the entrance to the grotto. The plat- seeing an armed force twenty times form in front was thus secured. The their own number enter their valley. Vaudois might have cut the ropes, and " Despairing of being able to resist them, dispatched their foes as they were being they at once prepared for flight. Plac- lowered one by one ; but the boldness of ing their old people and children in the maneuver would seem to have par- rustic carts, together with their domestic alyzed them. They retreated into the utensils, and such store of victuals as cavern to find in it their grave. Seeing the urgency of the occasion permitted the danger of permitting his men to them to collect, and driving their herds follow them into the depths of their before them, they began to climb the hiding-place, the general adopted the rugged slopes of the mountains, which easier and safer method of piling up at rise some six thousand feet over the its entrance all the wood he could col- level of the valley." "About half way lect and setting fire to it. A huge vol- up, there is an immense cavern. In front ume of black smoke began to roll into of the cavern is a platform of rock, the cave, leaving to the unhappy in- where the spectator sees beneath him mates the miserable alternative of rush- only fearful precipices, which must be ing out and falling by the sword that -clambered over before one can reach waited for them, or of remaining in the VISIT TO ITALY. 241 interior to be stifled by the murky. va- mediately behind Bobbio shoots up the por. Some rushed out, and were mas- Harlon,' symmetrical as an Egyptian sacred; but the greater part remained obelisk, but far taller and more massive. until death slowly approached them Its summit rises three thousand feet by suffocation. When the cavern was above the roofs of the little town. afterward examined, there were found Compared with this majestic monolith, in it four hundred infants, suffocated in the proudest monument of Europe's their cradles or in the arms of their dead proudest capital is a mere toy. Yet mothers. Altogether there perished in even the Barion' is but one item in this cavern more than three thousand this assemblage of glories. Overtopping Vaudois, including the entire population it behind, and sweeping round the of the valley of Loyse." extremity of the valley, is a glorious This one circumstance out of many of amphitheater of crags and precipices, a similar character will give something inclosed by a background of great of an idea of what the Waldenses en- mountains, some rounded like domes, dured for the truth's sake. Terror, others sharp as needles." "In this un- mourning, and death everywhere fol- rivaled amphitheater sits Bobbio, in lowed in the footsteps of their persecu- summer buried in blossoms and fruit, tors. Whole villages were given to the and in winter wrapped in the shadows flames. Nor could the caves, as we of its great mountains, and the mist of have seen, afford any protection to the their tempests." " A carpet of rich multitudes who sought refuge in them. meadows clothes the valley from side to When the fire kindled at the mouth of side; fruit-trees fleck it with their ,these retreats was extinguished, " all shadows; the Pellice waters it; and on was silent within." either hand is a wall of mountains." One can hardly imagine the inde- " Over these are hung stupendous battle- scribable feelings with which, after con- ments of rocks; and above all, towering templating such scenes, we looked upon high in the air, are the everlasting peaks the cave now before us. After exploring it in their robes of ice and snow." quite thoroughly, we climbed still higher, As far as the eye could reach up the upon the rocks above it, and there mountain sides we could see dwellings, bowed in a season of prayer. Jesus cultivated lands, and even villages, while seemed very near while we pleaded with from many of these rocky eminences him to imbue us with more of the spirit white church towers reared their heads, of true devotion and firm adherence to as if pointing the people heavenward. principle that had led so many in these Here, among the rugged rocks, in places valleys in times past to lay down their seemingly inaccessible, .they sought ref- lives for the truth's sake. uge from the fury of their oppressors. It is beyond my power to describe the Here they thought to worship God with- picture which opened before us from out molestation, making the mountains this high elevation. That its beauty has echo with their prayers and songs of attracted the attention of others, appears praise to their Redeemer. from the glowing description which we Most of those who have been born here give from the pen of another: — and brought up in the seclusion of these " At this point the grandeur of the mountain homes choose to remain there. valley Lucerna attains its height." "Im- Far up on the mountain side we saw a 242 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. man and woman sowing wheat under thick, green moss, on which drops of the friendly shelter of the overhanging water glistened like pearls. From this rocks. By these people conveniences room there were openings into two un- and luxuries are not thought of. If derground tunnels. One of these led they can secure a sufficient harvest from down to the village, into a building the little patches of land among the formerly used as a convent ; the other crags to feed themselves and their chil- to a Catholic church in another part of dren, they are content. As for clothing, the town. Here the secret workings of they are quite independent. Near the the mystery of iniquity had been carried spot where we ate our lunch, a young on. Here many precious souls had lost peasant girl was tending a small flock of their lives, and left their bones to testify sheep, and at the same time diligently of their faith. But the history of their plying the distaff. As we came near, she sufferings will be made known only kindly showed us how the work was when every secret thing shall be re- done, and also some of the cloth that vealed. The Judgment alone will bring had been made from yarn thus pre- to light the cruelties practiced in con- pared. nection with these fortified heights. We would gladly have remained lon- There is no question as to whose ger, climbed from height to height, en- banner those ranked under who thus tered the dwellings, and spoken with the persecuted the saints. Their master, people; but we had not time or strength Satan, alone could instigate men to in- to go farther. As we slowly made our flict such terrible cruelties, such intense way down the rocky path by the side of sufferings, such excruciating agony, upon a rushing stream, we could but wonder their fellow-men. Those ages of cruel how many pilgrim feet had trod this restriction of liberty of conscience are rugged path before us in the hope of now in the past; but, we inquire, how finding an asylum from the wrath of long before Satan will, through his de-. their oppressors, and our hearts ascended vices, again bring upon God's people a to God in prayer that the precious light time of trouble ? Satan is a deceiver, a of present truth might reach the de- murderer, and his power will be felt in scendants of this long-persecuted people. the near future by those who love and We firmly believe that God will open fear God. the way, that he will remove the ob- If their voices could be heard, what a structions, which now shut the light history the everlasting mountains sur- from them. rounding these valleys could give of the The next day after our trip to Bobbio sufferings of God's people because of we visited an ancient fortress, which is their faith! What a history of the visits built on a height a short distance from of angels unrecognized by these Chris- Torre Pellice. Here we found a large tian fugitives ! Again and again have open space inclosed by walls within angels talked with men, as-man speak- walls, also extensive buildings which eth with a friend, and led them to places were formerly used as a monastery. of security. Again and again have the Within the inclosure is a cave. This encouraging words of angels renewed we entered, and found ourselves in a the drooping spirits of the faithful, and, room about eight feet square. The carrying their minds above the tops of walls of this room were covered with a the highest mountains, caused them to VISIT TO ITALY. 243 behold by faith the white robes, the and thirteenth centuries. Alas, how crowns, the palm branches of victory, changed are this people now! The spirit which the overcomers will receive when which animated their fathers, and led they surround the great white throne. them to contend for pure Bible truth, What valuable lessons these pilgrims seems to have slumbered ; the light and strangers must have learned in the which shone from their ancestors no• friendly asylum of the rocks ! As they longer shines from them. Religious de- climb the steep mountain paths, they clension has marked the faith and prac- have in mind, not the homes they have tice of this once God-fearing people_ left, although they still hope to possess Many dissembled to conceal their faith, them again; but they are looking for a and by thus compromising their religion home so high that the highest peak of have become corrupted. It is the old. the Alps cannot reach it,—a home with story repeated. Men forget the scenes. their heavenly Father in the mansions of most hallowed interest which kept that Jesus has gone to prepare for them, alive their lofty aspirations, and because- from which they will never be driven. of hardships they cease to grow in grace The bitter venom of the dragon cannot and in the knowledge of the Scriptures. reach them there. Therefore they can When they should be advancing, they well afford to leave their earthly treas- are retrograding. ures, to grope their way among dark In order now to keep the name of and crooked paths, and to be inclosed Protestantism alive in these valleys, Prot- in rocky chambers, away from the light estants of other countries have ex- of day, if by this means they can attain pended large sums to support the that home among the blest, — a home Vaudois preachers and College. Until not made with hands, eternal in the within the last year, the ministers of the heavens. Vaudois churches have been almost In their lonely retreats they often met entirely supported by foreign mission- their Redeemer and conversed with ary societies. The people have not him, as did the two disciples on the way been educated to do anything fin. the to Emmaus. He would there open to support of the gospel ; and it was stated them the sublime truths of his word, to us as a fact that some are even hired. and strengthen them in their determina- indirectly to become church-members.. tion not to put confidence in false guides, We can believe this from an incident but to obey and worship Him only who that occurred a few months ago. A lady made and governs the world. " He became very much interested in the sees and knows everything," they con- truth, and began to keep the Sabbath.. tinually repeated to themselves. "He As soon as this was known, she vas, will hear our prayers, and attend unto visited by leading ones in the church,. our wants. He who feedeth the ravens and told that there was seine means in will not leave us to perish." Thus their the mission treasury, and that if she words of faith cheered themselves and would not unite with us they would ap- others, and their trials and perplexities propriate a certain amount toward re- only drove them nearer to God and pairing her house ; and more than this, increased their faith. they would give her a certain amount Such was the character, such the each month. This was somewhat tempt- motives, of the Waldenses of the twelfth ing to one who was very poor and who 244 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. had a large family to care for ; but we all parts of the town bring their wares, are glad to say that she had courage to and market women from the surround- decide for the right. ing country bring, in carts drawn by The pastors in many cases are igno- mules, or in baskets on their heads or rant of the Scriptures and of the power backs, vegetables, fruit, butter, eggs, of God, and they feed themselves instead chickens, and all kinds of farm produce, of feeding the flock. At one of their and display them in the streets. The late synods it was proposed that each principal market-days in this place are pastor should visit every member of his Sunday and Friday forenoons. It was congregation at least once a year; but to us a novel way of keeping Sun- with almost unanimous voice they ob- day. Men and women were crying their jected to the measure, some saying that wares, and people were hurrying to and if it was insisted upon they would resign fro, many of them anxious to return their charge. With many of them relig- home with their purchases in time to ion is a mere form, and they are doing prepare for church. This shows the lax comparatively nothing to advance the ideas that many, even of those who temporal or spiritual interests of their profess to be Christians, have in regard flock. The people are perishing in ig- to Sunday observance. And when they norance, while those who claim to be accept the Sabbath, it is often quite diffi- religious teachers take from them the cult to impress them with the impor- key of knowledge. They enter not in tance of observing it any more strictly. themselves, and those who would enter After urging our way through the in they hinder. narrow street, at this time almost block- Eighteen hundred years ago the voice aded with people and merchandise, we of Jesus, clear and distinct, like the peal found ourselves looking upon quite of a trumpet, went forth to the weary, another scene. A swift-flowing mountain thirsty crowd in the temple courts : " If stream crosses the main street at right any man thirst, let him come unto me, angles, and in an open space we see a and drink." " Whosoever drinketh of row of women kneeling on its banks. the water that I shall give him shall On coming a little nearer, we find that never thirst ; but the water that I shall they are washing. Each one is kneel- :give him shall be in him a well of water ing in a small box with the cover and springing up into everlasting life." Oh one side removed, and a little straw laid that the voice of Jesus could reach the on the bottom. In front of each is a dull senses of this people ! Oh that they slanting slab of granite rock which she could feel their real need, and realize uses something as we would a rubbing- how much Jesus is willing and ready to board. However, instead of rubbing do for them.! the clothes, they squeeze, and slap, and As a rule, the people of these valleys rinse them, using a stiff brush and soap are poor, unlearned, and superstitious, on the dirtiest parts. Occasionally one and their standard of religion and mor- would have a few live coals by her side ality is low. One Sunday morning we with a little pail of hot water in which walked out to the market-place. Here, to dip her hands when they became too as in all other European cities and vil- stiff and cold. Most of them seemed to lages, great account is made of market- take considerable pains to get their days. At this time shop-keepers from clothes clean, and after they had finished VISIT TO ITALY. 245 they put them across a stick and carried Life in Italy, with all except the them home on their shoulders. We are wealthy, is a hard battle. Judging from told that in all well-to-do families wash- the expression which we saw upon the ing is seldom done oftener than once in countenances of many, the last ray of six weeks, and sometimes only once in hope had died out of their souls, their three months. It is then done by hand, ambition was gone, and as long as life without the aid even of a rubbing-board. should last they expected only hunger,, This is the common way of washing. In toil, and misery. The children are. the cities, places are prepared in various taught to work almost from infancy. parts for this work; while in the country, We met little ones not more than six- women may be seen far off in the fields, years old walking and knitting as busily away from any house, washing in some and intelligently as women of sixty. stream from which they have perhaps And many at the tender age of seven or- broken the ice. There are those, of eight are placed in factories, or set to course, who have regular wash-rooms work in stone quarries. This seemed at in their house or in a separate building. first almost cruel; but when we learned These are furnished with immense tubs, that the most experienced workmen in around which the entire family can the factories received only fifty cents gather, if need be, when wash week for sixteen hours' work, and those less, comes. One room is used exclusively for experienced only twenty-five cents, and clean clothes, and one for dirty, and be- that from this meager pittance some fore the soiled ones, are put away, they were obliged to support a family of from are sprinkled with a powder which pre- eight to twelve, we felt less like judg- vents them from smelling bad or spoiling. ing them harshly for allowing their The question with us is how these children to work rather than to starve. women can keep their hands in ice-cold As the result, however, of standing on water for hours at a time without in- their feet so many hours, and working jury to their health. Indeed, we are so hard in childhood, many never attain quite inclined to the opinion that this their full growth. We saw many re- practice is one cause of the enlarged markably short men and, women, also necks which we saw everywhere. This many who were bow-legged and crip- is, however, most commonly attributed pled. And yet all who had had a. fair to the water which they drink. Another chance for their lives looked healthy thing which it seems reasonable to sup- and rosy-cheeked. pose would produce this unnatural The manner in which the people live swelling, is the heavy loads that many is of course the most inexpensive. Their- carry on their heads and backs. It is principal articles of diet are bread and not uncommon to see a man or woman a cheap coffee. All patronize the bake coming down the mountains, carrying a shops, as it would cost more to buy bundle of wood or hay much larger than wood to bake with than to buy bread., himself. When we were in Italy, men, The natural order of things seems to be. women, and children were out gathering somewhat reversed here. Wood sells chestnut leaves and burrs. These they by the pound, and bread, so the saying use much as we do straw, and every runs, by the yard. This, however, re- spot was raked as carefully as though it fers to bread that is baked in rolls a little had been to secure the most valuable crop. larger than a pipe stem, and about a, 246 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

GATHERING HAY FROM THE MOUNTALNS. VISIT TO ITALY. 247

-yard long. This is a kind of bread any kind, as we drive oxen. Besides peculiar to the Piedmont valleys. Re- being thus used as beasts of burden, the peated' efforts have been put forth to cows are often milked regularly three make it in other places, but without times a day. success. It is as light and sweet as it How the milk from such animals can is possible for bread to be, but is too be healthy is a great question. But we expensive for the poorer classes. These notice that they are driven very slowly, buy a cheap, black-looking quality, made and with only moderate loads, and they in long loaves ; and, whenever they are given the very hest of care. In win- can get money enough ahead to do so, ter they share the comforts of their they buy it in quantity, and stack it up owners, or, more correctly, the owners to dry, so that it will " go farther." share the comforts of the cattle; for The dress of the people is of the most then the majority of families move into substantial kind, and is made in the their stables, where men, women, chil- most simple style. Their shoes are dren, sheep, goats, and cows live together mostly made of wood. The father is in peace and harmony. This is purely often the shoe-maker for the entire an economical scheme, the heat from family; that is, he buys the leather tops the animals being made to answer in- at a trifling expense, and puts in the stead of fire. Fuel of all kinds is high. wooden bottoms himself. One pair of Coal can hardly be obtained. Coke .shoes costs from twenty to forty cents, costs from ten to twelve dollars a ton; and is expected to last about a year. So and wood, which is simply limbs includ- far as hats and bonnets for the women ing the small twigs, costs a third of a and children are concerned, they either cent a pound. Besides this, those who go bare-headed the year round or wear use it, have to pay a wood tax. a little white muslin bonnet with a fluted Most people who use wood raise it as frill around the face. they do any other crop. It is done in this The work of the women in the house, way : Rows of willows are planted along in cooking and sewing, being quite light, their fences or irrigating ditches, and they spend much of their time in out- are allowed to grow from six to ten feet of-door labor. It is very common to high. Then they are cut back every see women digging in the ground, dress- second or third year to the same height, ing vineyards, or hauling large loads of and the smallest twigs and branches wood, hay, or the like, to market. The are used for fuel. In view of these team they usually drive is cows. Horses facts in regard to fuel and the ex- are seldom used here except before car- ceedingly low prices paid for labor, it is riages ; mules, Sardinian ponies, don- not so surprising that people resort to keys, and oxen are quite common ; but almost any means to keep warm without the animals most commonly used for fire. ordinary farm labor are cows. These Long-established custom has made are usually driven by ropes attached to living in stables quite popular. Many their horns, the driver walking by their people in prosperous circumstances adopt side or going in front and guiding them this way of living. While in Torre by pulling them this way or that. Most Pellice, we visited a stable, in the center other animals, except carriage horses, of the town, which was occupied by a ware taught to be driven without lines of rich lady who owned and rented the 248 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. whole building. In one end of the sta- mountains go much higher up, and arc- ble stood two noble-looking Jersey cows ; scattered where it is almost impossible in the other end, on a plank floor about to find them. In winter they descend six feet square, stood a bench, two and live in stables.. Here is the only stools, and a table, with a few dishes. place where our colporters can find Here the woman of the house had taken them with any degree of facility. up her winter quarters, and ate, cooked, During the past season, Bro. Geymet and slept. has been visiting and holding Bible At night when it is very cold, it is cus- readings with the people in these stables. tomary to take a bundle of straw or At the time we were there, he was hold- leaves, and lie as close to the cattle as ing two meetings a week in a stable in possible. One small window furnishes the Angrogna valley, about seven miles light for the apartment, while the bodies from Torre Pellice. The interest was, and breath of the cattle and the stack of good, and the average attendance was smoking manure, afford the only means from forty to fifty. There, on the dirt of warmth. It is astonishing to see how floor of the stable which was sometimes little knowledge of the laws of life and strewn with leaves or straw, or sitting on health the people have. And yet if one boards placed across boxes, these would should attempt to teach them, they sit and listen for an hour or two, and would feel very much offended. We then would remain after the meeting can only hope that the truth may take closed, to talk over what had been said. hold upon the hearts of some, and that Occasionally the meeting would be in- they may be elevated and sanctified terrupted by the movements and noise through it. "The entrance of Thy words," of the quadrupeds ; but the exercises says the psalmist, "giveth light ; it were immediately resumed without any giveth understanding unto the simple." apparent disturbance. The people ap- Although the people show signs of preciate this kind of personal labor, and, having endured toil and hardship, many often make bitter complaints because bear a noble, intelligent countenance. their own ministers do not visit them How my soul went out for these, that oftener. Although not a very agreeable they might have the truth presented to manner of working, it is, as we have them ! But there are many difficulties seen, in many cases the only way of to be met in doing this work, that our reaching the people, and we believe American laborers do not have to en- that the blessing of God will attend the counter. It is impossible to obtain labor thus put forth. either churches or school-houses in It is a continual study to know how which the truth can be presented with the work can best be advanced in these any degree of freedom. Both are valleys. One thing is certain, that what- placed under the control of the resident ever is accomplished will be by the ut- minister. In many villages it is almost most diligence and perseverance. There impossible to secure even a hall. The must be a steady light shining in the only alternative seems to be to visit the darkness, notwithstanding this light for people at their homes, and hold meet- a time will not be comprehended. Then, ings in private houses. Here another again, we must have more books and difficulty presents itself. In summer pamphlets in the French and Italian those who live near the foot of the languages. We are moving altogether VISIT TO ITALY. 249 too slowly in this respect. Time is The angel that joins the third angel passing. Workers who are willing to is to lighten the earth with his glory. enter these foreign fields either as evan- There will be many, even in these valleys, gelists or translators should be selected where the work seems to start with such and educated. May God grant the difficulty, who will recognize the voice workers, now three in number, who are of God speaking to them through his laboring in these valleys, the necessary word, and, coming out from under the courage and strength that they may pros- influence of the clergy, will take their ecute their work with such zeal and ear- stand for God and the truth. This field nestness that they may see abundant fruit is not an easy one in which to labor, of their labors in the kingdom of God. nor is it one which will show immediate As we go from these valleys, it is with results; but there is an honest people mingled feelings of joy and sorrow, — here who will obey in time. The per- of joy because there ever existed a peo- secutions which their fathers endured ple who were not afraid, even many have made them apathetic and close- years before the first gleamings of the mouthed, and they look upon strangers Reformation, to stand in defense of Bible and strange doctrines with suspicion. truth ; of sorrow because so few of their But the miracle of God's mercy, work- descendants manifest a desire to con- ing with man's human effort, will yet tinue to walk in the light as it shines from cause the truth to triumph upon the the word of God. We feel confident, very soil where so many have died to, however, that the Lord will again work defend it. Knowledge will be increased, for this people, and restore to those who faith and courage will revive, and the will come to the light, their former purity truth will shine as the light of the and fidelity to his service. The clear morning all through these valleys. The light of the third angel's message will yet old battle field will yet be the scene of be reflected from the honest-hearted in victories now unseen, and the adoption these valleys. The light in them which of Bible truth will vindicate the past has grown dim will be brightened, fidelity of their fathers. 17 A VISIT TO RUSSIA.

BY L. R. CONRADL

THE Russian empire is the largest in long the light found its way back 1 the world. It has an extent of over to their old homes near the shores of nine thousand miles from east to west, the Black Sea, at the foot of the Cau- covering all Eastern Europe and North- casus Mountains, and along the great ern Asia, and only separated from Alaska river Volga, to the very border of Asia, by a narrow strait. Thus it is in fact the cradle of humanity and religion. the neighbor of the United States, while Soon the Macedonian cry was raised, at the same time it threatens India and "Come over and help us." It was in borders on Germany. It has a popula- answer to this call that I decided to tion of over a hundred million, which, visit Rusia. though mostly Russian, comprises about a On the 28th of June I left Basle, tak- hundred other nationalities and tongues, ing the direct route to Vienna, and from and many creeds. Europe and Asia, there turning southward to visit our civilization and barbarism, Christianity brethren in Roumania. For nearly a and heathenism, the ancient and the hundred miles' after leaving Basle, our modern, are there strangely mixed and road lay along the northern border blended. of Switzerland. We passed the noted As the last message of warning is to Rhine fall near Schaffhausen, and en- go to every nation, kindred, tongue, and tered Constance, where, nearly five people, we would certainly expect it to hundred years ago, John Huss was be proclaimed among the millions of burned at the stake. The house where inhabitants of this great empire. And Huss was arrested, and the old Domin- God has, in his wonderful providence, ican monastery in which he was con- opened the way, by repeating the expe- fined, on an island in the lake, are still rience of the Pilgrim Fathers. Thousands standing. To the west of the town a of earnest souls, attracted by the story large boulder with inscriptions marks of a distant land where civil and relig- the spot where this illustrious reformer ious liberty was granted, have during and Jerome of Prague suffered martyr- the last twenty years left Russia and dom. crossed the Atlantic to find homes in At Constance I took a steamer, America. Not only did they find homes and after a delightful ride across the and freedom, but some received the lake, landed at Bregenz, within the precious truth for the last days. Ere bounds of the Austrian empire. From (250) A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 251

'here the train wound its way through Continuing my journey to Gierguwo -the narrow valleys of the Tyrolese Alps, on the Danube, I took a steamer for Ga- passing many an old castle of historical latz, near the Russian frontier. Among interest, and affording a view of some the babel of nationalities on the boat,— of the finest scenery I have seen in Turks, Greeks, Bulgarians, etc.,—I met a -Europe. The road gradually ascends, German minister who had been con- until it enters the Arlberg tunnel, which verted from Judaism and had become is about six miles long, and near the a Presbyterian. After his conversion center of which it reaches its highest he went from Germany to England, and point, at an elevation of about five finally entered the employ of the English thousand feet. Above us is Arlberg Bible Society, and with his family he pass, which forms the water-shed be- was now on his way as a missionary to tween the Rhine and the Danube. Russia. As our steamer glided past From these snowy heights we soon Roumanian and Bulgarian towns, where descended to the green valleys past the Greek cross and the Turkish cres- Innsbruck and Salzburg ; and on the cent reflected the bright sunlight, we morning of the 29th we were in the spoke of the blood-stained cross of Cal- capital of Austria. Here I visited St. vary, of the great love of God to us, and Stephen's cathedral, the most imposing the importance of manifesting our love edifice in Vienna. Its tower, which is to him by walking in his command- four hundred and fifty-three feet high, af- ments. This minister had upon accept- fords a good view of this great city, con- ing Christianity renounced the Sabbath, taining over a million inhabitants. Nei- but he listened with candor as I pre- ther here nor anywhere else in Austria has sented the Bible arguments in favor of the present truth been preached, though its observance. He stated that nearly there are four million Protestants in the all the converts from Judaism were empire. troubled on the Sabbath question, and From Vienna our road followed the that if the seventh day were kept by Danube to Buda-Pesth, the Hungarian Christians it would remove a great capital, and branching off here I stopped obstacle in the way of the conver- at Oroshaza, the largest village in Hun- sion of the Jews. I called his attention gary. I had been told that there were to Bro. Andrews' "History of the Sab- persons here keeping the Sabbath, but bath," and as he expressed a desire to found none. I had an opportunity, how- read it, I gave him a copy of the first ever, to speak through an interpreter to part of our new German translation. a company of Protestants concerning At our second interview, on the some of the leading points of our faith. following day, I found him much inter- At Pitesti, Roumania, I spent a day ested irr the Sabbath history, and he visiting our brethren and others who insisted on paying me for it. I learned were interested in the truth. Bro. that he expected to visit Kishenev in Thomas Aslan with some others here Russia, where there is a society of con- received the truth upon the second verted Jews who keep the Sabbath. On advent and the Sabbath from Eld. Cze- a previous visit to Kishenev he had chowski about eighteen years ago, and in become acquainted with Mr. Rabbinno- the midst of opposition and discourage- witz, the leader of this society, and I ment a few have remained faithful. requested him to inform Mr. R. of our 252 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. people and belief. In a letter afterward appearance. Consulting a map, we received from him I learned that while learned that we had reached the first Mr. R. was glad to hear of our people he German colonies. was strictly forbidden by the Russian THE GERMANS IN RUSSIA. authorities to have any connection with other Christian societies, and was there- Ever since the time of Peter the fore unable to open a correspondence Great, Russia has offered many good with us. openings for German industry, skill, and From the German minister I obtained knowledge. By his invitation many information which proved of much German miners, mechanics, and military value to me. He had come by the way men were led to settle here. Catharine of Constantinople, where he presented II., by offering them land and many his passport to the Russian Consul for privileges, induced a large number of signature. But since he was entered farmers also to come to this country. on the pass as a minister, the Consul In May, 1776, a company of emigrants refused to sign it, the laws of Russia numbering over twenty-five thousand being very strict against admitting left Lubeck, a German sea-port on the, preachers into the country. He accord- Baltic, en route for Russia. They went ingly went to Bucharest, and had an- by ship to St. Petersburg, and then trav- other pass made out as a private indi- eled in wagons the long distance across vidual. Warned by this experience, I the country to Saratov on the Volga, took advantage of my former appren- the entire journey occupying nearly a ticeship in our publishing house at Battle year. The number in this colony has Creek, Mich., to enter myself as a since increased to three hundred and printer, and thus I succeeded in getting fifty thousand, who are nearly all Prot- my pass signed by the Russian Consul. estants. In the south of Russia there July 6, I arrived at Galatz, and went are also large and flourishing colonies by hack to the Russian border, crossed scattered from the Caucasus in the east the Pruth in a little boat, and for the to Bessarabia in the west. But besides first time set my feet on Russian soil. these colonies there has been in this After my pass and baggage had been century a continual increase of German carefully examined at the custom-house, immigration to the different towns of I succeeded in hiring a little farm Russia, mostly merchants, doctors, en- wagon to take me to Reni, the starting- gineers, teachers, and mechanics. Ger- point of the railroad. As those with man churches can be found in nearly whom I had to deal could understand all the larger cities, and St. Petersburg no German, and I no Russian, and we alone contains about ninety thousand had to communicate wholly by signs, Germans. Besides these there are sev- the whole proceeding was extremely eral millions in the Baltic provinces, interesting. Early the next morning I nearly all Protestants. The Germans took the cars for Odessa. The Russian are highly esteemed, being regarded as trains generally move very slowly, and the most intelligent part of the popula- we had a good opportunity to view the tion. country. We soon noticed some vil- On the morning of the 8th I lages of a different style from any we reached Odessa, the largest city in had before seen, and presenting a better Southern Russia, and the most important. A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 253 port on the Black Sea. The next day market-places, the stores, the steamers, I met Bro. Gerhardt Perk, who came the cars, and even in the saloons, and here for the purpose of accompanying lights are usually kept burning before me on my journey through Russia. He them. had labored as a colporter for the British On entering the church, we noticed Bible Society, and had in this capacity that all the people had lighted candles, traveled extensively in European Russia which they held in their hands or placed and in Siberia. His knowledge of the in candlesticks before some of the Russian language was a great help to images. The sale of these candles me. He received the light on the Sab- brings a handsome income to the bath by reading some of our tracts, church. During their devotions, most had already observed it over a year, and of the worshipers reverently kissed the had been the means of leading several floor or some image, and frequently other colporters to accept it. crossed themselves. The priests and A RUSSIAN CHURCH. bishops present an imposing appear- ance, with their long, flowing hair and On Sunday we visited a Russian their gorgeous vestments. The church 'church. The edifices of the Greek services are long, and very tedious, Church can easily be recognized by being held in the Slavonic language, their peculiar style of architecture; which, as a rule, none but the priests they are built in the form of a square, understand. There was no -sermon, as in the center of which is a large dome, it is something of very rare occurrence. often surrounded by a number of The singing by the choir was good, smaller ones. As these domes are but no musical instruments were used. brightly painted, sometimes covered From time to time, as blessings were -with gold, and always surmounted with asked of God through the intercession large crosses, they present a striking of the Virgin or some saint, the response .appearance. The churches have also a by the worshipers, " Gospodi pomilui,' great number of bells, some of them of " Lord, have mercy," was repeated thirty immense size. times or more, almost in one breath. The interior of these buildings is very richly adorned. They are divided by RELIGIOUS TOLERATION. a high paneled screen into two apart. While the government tolerates many ments, the body of the church, and the creeds, the toleration is somewhat pe- sanctuary. Through this screen there culiar. Every one is free to practice the are three doors. The one in the center, religion of his fathers, he can also leave -which is called the "Royal Gate," has other denominations and join the Greek on the north side a picture of the Church; but woe to the man who tries Virgin, and on the south a picture of to leave this church to join another. our Saviour and the patron saint. The The " Orthodox," as the Russians style remaining part of the screen is also themselves, are encouraged to proselyte, covered with pictures, upon the frames but if another dares attempt it among and coverings of which an almost them he is liable to be exiled to Siberia. fabulous sum is sometimes lavished. The fact is that while the State Church Picture worship is a prominent part of is ready to receive from all, she gives to Russian devotion. Pictures are found none. not Only in the churches, but also in the Notwithstanding this, there are many 254 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. sects among the Russians, some number- Besides other church buildings there are ing millions ; and many are won to the mosques with their slender Protestant, faith. But the greatest care minarets. The houses are mostly low, has to be exercised by all dissenters who and many are in ruins. About forty labor here, and nearly all that is done is windmills were turning their big arms, accomplished by colporter work. As making a doleful noise. preaching is forbidden, they have only Many of the inhabitants are Tartars,, so-called experience meetings, in which who were once the terror of Eastern. the leader, remaining in a. sitting posi- Europe ; they are of a swarthy complex- tion, reads from the Bible, and comments ion, and are a strong-looking race. The as he goes. The laborer is very careful men wore, even in summer, heavy fur that his converts shall never mention caps covering their clean-shaven scalps- him, but always the Bible, as the cause The ladies were veiled, or covered their for their change of faith. Yet as these faces with a shawl when a stranger ap- converts, before being permitted to leave proached. the State Church, are closely questioned In Eupatoria we found several German, by the priest, then by the bishop, and Baptists, who pressed us to go with them, finally by the civil authorities, the work to their village, about thirty-five miles is always attended with considerable north, and hold meetings, promising to- danger. take us afterward where some of our THE CRIMEA. brethren lived. We accepted the invita— tion, and stayed two days with them, July 12 we left Odessa by steamer for holding several meetings, and finding the Crimea. From the vessel's deck we several who were convinced of the truth. had a good view of this fine city and its These friends took us to Demir Butat,, large harbor. A quick trip over the Black where a Mennonite brother had been Sea, which was very smooth, brought us observing the Sabbath for about four: next morning to Eupatoria, where the al- years. lied armies of France and England landed in 1854. The northern portion of the THE MENNONITES. Crimea is a continuation of the steppes of The Mennonites now number about Southern Russia, and is barren and cheer- three hundred thousand, the most of less. The principal industries are agricult- whom are in America. They derive ure and stock-raising. The southern por- their name from Menno Simons, who, tion, sloping from a mountain chain which lived from 1495 to 1561, and who la— stretches in a northeasterly direction bored mostly in Holland and Northern from Sebastopol, has a tropical climate Germany. The prevailing opinion among: and great richness and variety of vege- church historians, especially those of tation. The southern coast, to which Holland, is that their origin can be traced, the principal mountain chain sends sev- to the Waldenses, and that Menno merely eral small branches, is exceedingly pict- organized the concealed and scattered uresque in appearance. congregations as a denomination. They Eupatoria is situated on the western had to suffer much by being confounded coast of the Crimean peninsula, about with the fanatical Anabaptists. Little forty miles north of Sebastopol. It pre- sympathy was felt for them, as their re- sents a decidedly oriental appearance. jection of pedobaptism, also their opposi-- A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 255 tion to the civil oath and military service, 1878, five commenced to keep the Sab- separated theni so widely from other bath. In the winter of the same year, Protestants, They also suffered very Bro. E. H. Pullen went to the Russian much from internal dissensions, and at settlement near Milltown, Dakota, and present they are divided into a number distributedsomereadingmatter. Though of factions. he could speak but little German, he About the year 1683 they began to tried to present to the people, as best he settle in the United States. Toward the could, the arguments for the present close of the eighteenth century several truth, by giving them from his English_ thousand left Germany, and emigrated Bible the references to proof-texts which to Russia, where they obtained from the they looked up in their German Bibles. emperor Paul a charter granting them In a little while about thirty-five accept- perpetual freedom from military service. ed the Sabbath; but as we had no Ger- They have since rapidly increased, until man ministers at that time, the work they now number about forty thousand came somewhat to a stand-still. in Russia. Their charter has of late In July, 1879, our German paper, the been changed, and the young men are Stimme der Wahrheit, began to be pub- now required to serve the government lished as a quarterly, and, in January, four years in planting timber on the 1880, as a monthly. This gave them a public lands, while their parents incur a more perfect knowledge of present truth. heavy expense for their support. Al- About this time, Eld. S. B. Whitney though not required to bear arms, they visited them, but as they could not agree are subjected to military discipline, labor- with us on some minor points, they did ing under the direction of government not connect themselves with our people. officials, and working much harder than Later their leaders began to advocate the soldiers do. It is doubtful how long peculiar views, in consequence of which they will enjoy even this exemption. they became divided, and a few gave up For this reason many of this people, also the Sabbath. a number of Baptists who are averse to For several years urgent requests for military service, have left Russia and a German laborer were presented to the sought the great land of religious freedom. General Conference, but no one could be Far in the Western States they found found to answer the call. Having com- land and homes, and better than all, menced to labor in Iowa, in May, 1881, some have been led to accept the pre- I was invited by the Dakota Conference cious truths of the third angel's message. to work among the Germans in that field. In November I went to Dakota, THE GERMAN WORK IN AMERICA. and labored several months among the As early as 1877, some of our Danish Mennonites near Childstown and Brother- and American brethren in Dakota, liv- field, but the effort seemed almost in ing in the vicinity of Mennonite settle- vain. Many were convinced of the truth, ments, began to feel a burden for the but it seemed almost impossible for them salvation of their neighbors. They knew to break away from their church connec- but little of the German language, but tion. by the circulation of the few German In February, 1882, I came to Milltown, publications we then had, they scattered and met with a hearty reception from a the seeds of truth among them. In June, few of the Sabbath-keepers, while others 256 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. opposed me bitterly. In May a church harvest time, and the mails being slow, of seventeen members was organized it was several weeks before we could here, the first German Seventh-day get them all notified and bring them to- Adventist church in America. Bro. J. gether. In the meantime, as the people Reiswig, who has since been ordained of Japontschi seemed anxious to hear, to the ministry, was chosen elder. Some I held meetings during the week, the months later another church was organ- attendance steadily increasing. Several ized among the Mennonites in Brother- were convinced, and in order that they field, and a small church at Immanuel's might be fully decided I spoke Friday Creek, where the first Sabbath-keepers evening on the Sabbath question. This lived. In the summer of 1883, Eld. Henry at once excited opposition. The next Schultz and myself held the first German evening, during the sermon the win- tent-meeting at Sutton, Neb. During dows were smashed in with such force the next two years, assisted during a that pieces of glass flew all about the portion of the time by Brn. J. S. and S. room. S. Shrock, I labored among the Germans On Sunday I spoke in a Lutheran in Minnesota, Kansas, and Pennsylvania. school-house in Westheim, and the day From this small beginning the number following in a neighboring village. On of German Sabbath-keepers in America Tuesday we went thirty miles south to has rapidly increased, until after four Avell, where several more Sabbath-keep- years there are now over seven hundred, ers are living. During our travels in the and the work is steadily growing. Crimea we passed through a number of The good work was not long confined Tartar villages, in one of which we saw a to America. Papers and tracts soon school where their priests are educated. found their way to Russia, where thou- The appearance of these villages was sands of the friends and relatives of our by no means inviting. The many ruins brethren lived. As early as 1882 the and extensive graveyards showed that seed sown bore fruit, and some in the in the past the country had supported Crimea accepted the Sabbath. In Novem- large numbers of people. But since the ber, 1883, an aged brother from the Turkish crescent lost its sway in the MilltoWn church came to Russia, and did Crimea, many of the Mohammedans what he could to spread the light during have gone to other parts. At Avell we the year of his stay. His visit only in- made the acquaintance of a man and creased the desire of the Sabbath-keepers his wife who are keeping the Sabbath. to have a laborer visit and organize them. He is a Russian and she is a Greek. They were obliged to wait long for help, After holding two meetings in this and when I came they gave me a warm place, we drove forty miles north to welcome. Berdebulat, where our brethren and sisters from different places had ap- LABORS IN THE CRIMEA. pointed to meet because there was suffi- On Friday evening, July 16, I arrived cient water here for baptism. After we with Bro. Perk in Japontschi, where our had fully set before them the rules and brethren held their Sabbath meetings. regulations of the church, as found in I found a dozen Sabbath-keepers here, God's word, nineteen covenanted to- and learned of as many more scattered gether to keep the commandments of within a circuit of fifty miles. Being God and the faith of Jesus, thereby A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 257 laying the foundation for the first Sev- them, and why their first baptism, when enth-day Adventist church in Russia. they were sprinkled, was not sufficient. Sabbath morning an elder and deacon The officer went so far as to make fun were chosen and ordained. There were of them, when the husband of one of five who desired baptism ; but as it was them reproved him, and told him kindly thought advisable that three, including to mind his own business. the Russian and his wife, should wait There were several Catholics present, until they had further considered the also a Lutheran. These seemed to en- matter, only two sisters went forward joy the whole proceeding, and at the in the solemn rite. The place of bap- close of the examination several signed tism was a part of the so-called Sa- a statement that I had baptized, though wasch, backwater from the Black Sea, they openly confessed that they did not which only comes here when the wind see me do it, and that they testified is from the right direction. As we were simply because of what we had said in near a Russian village, many of the regard to it. Finally the sheriff asked people climbed upon the houses to us to sign the statement which he had witness the scene. drawn up. This we refused to do, for we were not guilty of teaching Jewish ARREST AND IMPRISONMENT. heresy. He also asked the brethren to After returning from the baptism, we sign a statement that they would not celebrated the ordinance of humility, work on Sunday. This, of course, they and were just preparing for the Lord's refused to do. supper when I was called to appear be- The people present declared that they fore a sheriff who was in the house of a had not called the sheriff, and when we Catholic near by. Bro. Perk went with asked him who our accusers were he me to act as interpreter. When we said we would find out in Perekop. appeared before the sheriff, he at once Two of our brethren then became re- demanded our passports, and then drew sponsible for our appearance- at that up a statement in which we were both place the next day, and we returned to accused of teaching Jewish heresy, and the place of meeting, and proceeded of having baptized two women into this with the ordinances, the peculiar cir- faith. It also accused us of proselyting cumstances of our situation forcibly Russians. The Russian brother was reminding us of the time when they then called in and examined. He tes- were instituted. All thought, however, tified that he had left the Greek Church that when we should appear before the eleven years before, and that he had judge in Perekop there would be little kept the Sabbath for a year, also that I difficulty in proving our innocence and had not taught him at this meeting, for securing freedom. I understood no Russian, and he under- On Sunday morning we had a short stood no German, and as there was parting meeting, and then started for no interpreter, there was no ground Perekop, little dreaming of what there for the charge that I had been teaching awaited us. The many market wagons Russians. Then the two sisters who which we met, as well as the large had been baptized were called, and market in the town of Arminsky, which asked many questions as to why they was still in progress at 1 P. m., showed were baptized, whether I persuaded how little real regard the people have 258 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. for the Sunday Sabbath ; yet if a Sab- to Him whose ear is always open, and bath-keeper works on that day they to whom we can, have access even are very zealous in their interference. when shut away from the world and At Arminsky we consulted a lawyer, earthly friends. who told us that the charge of teaching Toward evening our door was opened, Jewish heresy was a serious one,' but and two policemen bade us follow them. that aside from this we had little to fear. They led us through the town, and at We arrived at Perekop about two the end of a ten minutes' walk halted o'clock in the afternoon, and presented before a large white three-story build- ourselves without delay before the ing, surrounded by a high white wall, Isprafnik, the highest officer of the dis- and situated at a little distance from the trict, and delivered the sealed letter town. This was the prison for the- from the sheriff. At first he treated us district. We afterward learned that kindly, but after reading the letter his some of its inmates were waiting for countenance changed. He eyed us trial, and some for banishment to Sibe- closely from head to foot, and angrily ria. The policeman knocked at the exclaimed, " We want no preachers in gate, a bell was rung inside, then the Russia." We had been told that we heavy gate was opened, and we passed would be tried at once, and still hoping into the prison inclosure, which we that this would be the case, we cheer- were not to leave for forty days. fully followed at his bidding. Leading They led us in between the guards, and us across the street to the court house, soon we were examined by the jailer he remained only long enough to get a and his clerk. First our money was key, and then conducted us to a one-story taken and counted. Then watches, building in the courtyard, directed us to knives, pens, and pencils were given up, enter one of the small rooms, quickly and the rough prison clothes were closed the door and turned the key, and brought forward. These consisted of a for the first time in our lives we were linen shirt, pants of the same material, in prison, and that, too, in Russia. I a gray mantle, and a pair of slippers. shall never forget the anxious face of This clothing was not only rough and the brother who brought us from Ber- coarse, but it was thin, and altogether debulat, as he stood staring at us insufficient to keep us warm. We through the heavily barred windows. begged to retain our own clothing, and Then he hurried away, hardly daring to told the jailer that we would not forget wait while we told him to write to any favor shown us. Seeing that we Basle. had a good supply of money, he granted After our brother had left us, we this request, and also allowed our began to examine our surroundings. A German Bibles to be returned to us. glance was sufficient. Our room was Then we were led by a turnkey to empty, and the floor was nothing but the end of the long corridor on the second mother earth. After awhile two chairs floor, and locked into a seven by twelve were brought in, and a speedy trial was cell, whose only furniture was a wooden promised. We waited expectantly, not framework apparently intended for a. knowing as yet how little reliance is to bed, and water and slop buckets. A be placed upon the word of a Russian tallow candle was thrust through the official. Meanwhile we told our sorrow in the door, and we were left to A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 259 ourselves. Our hearts were full to •awhile the Isprafnik was announced, overflowing, but we told our sorrows to but all the information we could obtain. the Lord, and soon found comfort and from him was that our cases were re- consolation from Him who was himself ferred to the governor at SimferopoL taken captive. We were weary and In the afternoon we were permitted to exhausted, and quickly prepared for go down to the office to write. On rest, our boots and-coats forming pillow, entering, we saw a prisoner standing mattress, and cover. Soon we slept, in the corner. The jailer, who was hardly feeling the tiny wanderers that scolding him, trembled for rage, and

TirE PRLSON AT PEREKOP. had discovered their new victims, and growing redder and redder walked up under the cover of night enjoyed their to the prisoner and struck him half a bloody meal. In the morning many dozen blows in the face. The mouth red spots testified as to what com- of the prisoner began to bleed, but not pany we had had during the night. daring to spit on the floor, he took off Early the next day we were brought his slipper and used it for a spittoon. into an empty cell, and as we were A strange feeling came over me, and permitted to purchase for ourselves dif- with longing eyes I looked through the ferent food in= the prison fare, Bro. barred windows to the open fields Perk ordered a loaf of white bread and where one might enjoy freedom, the a jar of milk. But the food tasted precious boon for which I had been so strange, and I could eat but little. After little thankful until the present tithe. 260 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. After the jailer recovered from his bread, and endeavoring each time to anger, I was permitted to write a dis- secure an interview with us. This was patch to Eld. Whitney, and letters to permitted but twice more during our the American consuls at Odessa and imprisonment; but they continued to St. Petersburg. The jailer tried in every come, and it was something of an en- way possible to discourage me about couragement to see them on the prairie -sending the dispatch. He said it would beyond the prison walls, and to know be very expensive, and that we should that they saw us peering anxiously out need all our money before we were of the prison windows. released. This was quite significant, On the second day we had been and not very comforting, for we had taken to another cell, from the window over one hundred dollars. He also in- of which we could see a part of the formed us that everything we wrote town, also the prison gate, and not far -would have to go to Simferopol, to be from the gate a well where the shep- examined by the government officials herds came to water their flocks, and before it could be sent to its destination. where the strange-looking teams, con- This was not very encouraging, con- sisting of two camels yoked 'to a huge sidering the slowness of Russian mails, wagon, sometimes stopped that the but I insisted upon sending the telegram camels might drink. This little town, and the letters. It was not until the of about a thousand inhabitants, is situ- fourth day of our imprisonment, how- ated on the neck of the Crimean peninsula, ever, that, we succeeded in getting them the isthmus at this place being not quite started for Simferopol. five miles wide. Looking westward, we As it was hard to be always locked could see the waters of the Black in our cells, Bro. Perk asked that we Sea. might have the same privilege as was As we became better acquainted, granted to the thieves and murderers, our doors were often left unlocked, so that of having a little walk in the prison that we could walk in the corridor. yard. We were finally granted this We learned that the prison contained privilege for an hour each evening. about thirty cells, and that there were On Tuesday our brethren from Japont- at this time over eighty prisoners. schi and Berdebulat came to see us. There were only a few on the same They brought two pillows and a few floor with us, and all these were bound overcoats for our bed, and with consid- for Siberia. As all the prison officers erable difficulty secured permission to told us that we would be sent to Siberia, talk with us for a few minutes, in the we felt that our situation was a grave Russian language, and in the presence one. of the jailer. As they were not allowed The days passed slowly. Sabbath to speak in German, Bro. Perk inter- came, and I was forcibly reminded that I preted for me. They brought us some could not now preach the precious fruit, and assured us that they would do truths of the third angel's message. :all in their power for our comfort, and Never before had I so fully realized to secure, if possible, our early release. what a blessed privilege it was to Every Sunday except one during our preach the gospel, and the thought imprisonment they came the long journey that I might be forever deprived of this of thirty-five miles, bringing fruit and privilege seemed' unbearable ; but we A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 26/ sought the Lord in 'prayer, and the as- Basle." The police at Basle had made- surance came that he would not permit a faithful search, but they could not us to be dragged to a country where I find Whitney in jail. Oh, how painful, did not know the language, and where were all these delays and disappoint- we might be committed to a lifetime of ments ! The next day, however, we slavery in the mines. learned that my dispatch had at last Sunday came, and the bells of the been delivered to Eld. Whitney, who, Greek church rang loudly to invite the thank the Lord, was not in jail, and who, people to worship ; but the long train of promptly did what he could for our market wagons showed what god was relief, by laying the case before the- served by the majority. Our brethren American Minister at St. Petersburg. came, and we were allowed to talk with During the following .week we were them, the last time for many weeks. told that we should be taken to Simfer- They had done all in their power for opol, and later that our case had been our relief, but had been harshly re- referred back to the authorities at Per- pulsed at every step. ekop. As early as Sabbath we had begun to On the second Sabbath the judge rejoice at the thought that by this time came and called me down to the office, our dispatch must have reached Basle, where he began to question me through and that our letters would soon be in an interpreter about my history, my the hands of the consuls at Odessa and plans, and my reasons for coming t& St. Petersburg ; but lo, on Tuesday morn- Russia. He wrote down my statements ing we were, called down to the office, until noon, when he left, promising to and there were our letters and the dis- return the next day. Sunday afternoon patch. They had been examined at the judge came again, and questioned Simferopol, and returned to us, and me closely about the baptism, why we we were now permitted to send them. "baptized again" those who had been This was the tenth day of our prison sprinkled, how baptism was adminis- life, and as yet no news as to our arrest tered, and on what conditions a person and imprisonment had reached our was allowed to be baptized. Consider- friends. Again we counted the hours able time was spent in trying to make, till the message should arrive at Basle. the judge, and the interpreter, who was, The next morning we saw the tel- a Catholic, understand what I meant by egraph operator enter the prison. Prob- conversion or regeneration. Then they ably he brought a dispatch for us, but questioned me about the Sabbath, and no news came till evening, when we finally about the organization of our were called down to the office, and the denomination. Page after page was following telegram was handed us : covered, for they questioned and wrote "Whitney in jail. Told police. Could industriously for four hours. not be found." We saw that some mis- At the close of the examination, the erable blunder had been made, and we judge asked me if I would be satisfied learned afterward that my telegram, to be released on bail for one thousand which read, "Whitney, Basle. In jail for rubles. If so, he wished me to sign the Jewish heresy. Write to American Con- statement he had drawn up. I did so, sul," had been changed by the operator and gave him the names of seven wit- here so as to read, "Whitney in jail, nesses who could testify as to the cor-- 262 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. rectness of the statements I had made. boards in the place of a mattress, and a He then called out Bro. Perk, and ques- little wooden stand. Simple as these tioned him for half an hour, and then accommodations were, they made our left, promising to see the witnesses soon, cell look more homelike, and we could and then to admit the bail. For a time keep down the insects better than while we had high hopes of a speedy release, sleeping on the large wooden frames. but soon we learned that in some un- We now concluded to try prison fare, accountable way the judge's statements so as to save our money. This consisted regarding the bail were construed so as of two and a half pounds a day of heavy to apply only to the case of Bro. Perk, black rye bread, and a dish of soup at and that no security would be admitted noon. On Wednesdays and Fridays, in my case. which are the fast days of the Russian When the brethren heard that we Church, ° it was noodle soup without might, be released for a thousand rubles, meat, and on other days it was usually they made a great effort to sell their "borscht," the national dish of the Rus- crops and to raise the money. But on sians. This is a sour vegetable soup presenting it to the authorities, they with some meat in it. When well made were told that this bail would be ac- it may be quite palatable, but our prison cepted for Bro. Perk, but that I could cooks put in half-peeled potatoes, and not be released on bail. As they knew used meat which was far from being the that I could not understand the Russian, nicest. As to quantity, we were not they thought it best for Bro. Perk to stinted; the soup was brought in a remain with me. Thus they as well as wooden tub of three or four gallons' we were learning more thoroughly the capacity, and there was usually twice as fact that there is no reliance to be placed much as we wanted. In the morning upon the word of a Russian official. and evening, by paying extra for it, we The very uncertainty of our situation could get a little hot water to drink increased their anxiety and added to with our black bread. our misery. Twice during our stay we were Sunday morning we had been moved allowed to. take a Russian bath in a to a room below, where we could walk bath-room adjoining the prison. The in the yard eyery alternate two hours, steam was produced by a large kettle but there were so many in this part of kept constantly boiling. The last time the prison, and the stench at times was I fainted after the bath, and was quite so terrible, that we longed for our old weak for several hours following. room. We also found that our food, On the 19th of August I received the which we had tried to cover, was quickly following letter from the American overrun by large black beetles that were Consul at Odessa : " Your letter, dated devouring it rapidly. So at our request August 4, 1886, was received at this we were moved upstairs again, and two consulate to-day. I will do all that is days later we were put in another room within my power to secure an early with better accommodations. We had trial. I regret very much that you agreed to pay liberally for these favors, should have brought yourself in conflict and for a long time they had been prom- with the Russian authorities on a ques- ised. The improvement consisted of tion of religion. It is a subject on which two iron bedsteads with three narrow they are very sensitive, and had I seen A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 263 you, and known that the object of your We afterward learned that Mr. La- journey was of a semi-religious char- throp not only wrote to the Minister of acter, I would have warned you that Foreign Affairs, but, in order to hasten the Russian authorities deal very se- the matter, went personally to the Rus- verely with any effort of this nature. I sian authorities, and told them that I have written to the governor of Simfer- was a Christian, and not a Jew. Had opol, and also to the American Minister it not been for such kindness on his at St. Petersburg, asking that immediate part, we might have remained a much attention be given to your case. longer time in prison. " T. F. HEENAN." Sabbath, the 28th of August, we spent On the following day I received a in specially seeking the Lord by fasting number of letters which our brethren and prayer. That evening we received had brought for me. These had been cheering letters from home, and from taken by the jailer and forwarded to Brn. White and Whitney. These letters Simferopol, to be examined at the office of the jailer was so kind as to hand direct to the Procuror•. Strangely enough, they me without sending them to Simferopol. were returned to us without having On Monday the Isprafnik came as been opened, and I was now allowed to usual to visit the prison, and chanced to receive them. The next Sunday our notice on the wall in our room a little brethren failed to come as usual, and writing. When we entered the prison, for many days we knew nothing as to it happened that we each had a long what was going on in the outside world. pencil and a short one. The long pen- At first I had been allowed to go from cils were taken from us, but as we were not obliged to change our clothing, the time to time to the office, and write in my day-book, but this was now forbid- short pencils had remained in our vest pockets. As Bro. Perk had noticed den. many characters scratched upon the After some days I received the following wall, most of them not very handsome, letter from the American Minister at St. he thought it would be well to put on Petersburg: "Sir : The Consul General something of a different character, and of the United States at this place has with his pencil had written in Russian handed me your letter to him, and also the first part of each of the ten com- a letter from Mr. B. L. Whitney. I have mandments. When the Isprafnik noticed written to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, this, he said that it was forbidden to asking him to investigate your case, and write anything upon the walls, and the to grant you quick relief. I fear that it jailer at once ordered the turnkey to -will be found that the laws of Russia take Bro. Perk to the " career," or dark forbid any minister of a foreign de- hole. The turnkey hastened to carry nomination of Christians, from coming out the order, but while Bro. Perk was into Russia, and from teaching their putting on his boots, the Isprafnik in- distinctive views without special leave terfered, and a terrible Russian scolding having been first granted therefor. I was substituted. shall do all I can for your relief, but must say to you that the action of the foreign OUR RELEASE. office is very slow. On the 5th of September the Ispraf- " G. V. N. LATHROP." nik gave us the first encouragement 264 HISTORICAL SKETCHES'. that I also might be released under bail, intoxicated than the jailer, and poured and again our brethren were permitted upon us a shower of curses. to talk with us a few moments. On the The judge, who was a tittle more 8th it was announced that the'Procuror, sober than the others, then came and who is the highest law officer of the for the first time gave us the assurance- government, would visit the prison. that we should not only be freed the next Consequently everything that had the morning, but that we should have our appearance of comfort had to be taken passports. Our friends in America seem from our cell. Nothing but the bare to have known for two weeks that our bedsteads were left, and we had to ex- release had been secured through the- change our coats for the prisoner's intervention of the American Minister, mantle. Soon this dreaded dignitary but we were left in the greatest uncer- came, and to our great joy announced tainty as long as it was possible for that the judge would set us free the them to keep the truth from us. How next day, and tell us the conditions of slowly this last night passed away. our freedom. Shortly the jailer came Early in the morning we were called and told us that, if liberated, we would to the office, and a whole package of not be allowed to receive our passports. letters was handed to me,—letters that I The next morning we peered anxiously had written, and that I supposed had been out of the corridor window to see the forwarded to my friends. Among them judge approach. He came in the after- was a postal card to my wife, which noon, and several prisoners were set the jailer had especially promised to for- at liberty, but our door was locked, a ward without delay. Oh, what cruelty! thing which was now quite unusual. Thirty days had passed, and not one line When we were released for the usual had been allowed to go to my wife or evening walk, we again paced back and friends. forth over the rough pavement, wonder- About seven o'clock we again passed ing what new surprise they had in store through the main doorway, and were for us. In no other country have we outside the prison walls. Oh, how sweet seen drunkenness so common as in Rus- and precious the liberty seemed ! But sia. It is no strange sight to see men lo, the turnkey was with us yet, and no lie on the street so drunk that they can- passports were in our hands. We were not move. It seemed strange that the great marched over to the office of the judge, number of men in this condition Were where I had to designate some place in regarded with such indifference. But Russia as my residence, with the under- then, whisky is regarded as a holy water, standing that I would notify them when and men cross themselves before put- I was to leave. ting the bottle to their lips. As we The judge said that the trial might passed the jailer's house, we could see be in three, six, or twelve months, or and hear several men drinking and not at all, but he granted me liberty to- carousing. The jailer came out, so drunk leave Russia whenever I chose. They he could hardly walk, and told us it demanded a Russian copy of my pass- would be several days before we could port. So I translated it into German, be set at liberty, but that if I would give and Bro. Perk translated it from Ger- him something, he would secure me my man into Russian, while he wrote out. passport. Another man came out, more an exact copy. A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 265 The judge then returned our passports, the way from Switzerland to see what and told us to hurry to Aibar, as our could be done for our relief. As my brethren from Japontschi had been letters written from the prison had not called to appear there that day. He been forwarded, our friends were left in also instructed us to notify the breth- entire ignorance as to our condition and ren in Berdebulat that they need not prospects, and they had felt so anxious appear the next day as had been ap- over the matter that Bro. Roth was sent pointed. From this we concluded that to ascertain if possible what our prospects our release had been ordered by the were, and to see if anything could be higher authorities ; for no one but the done for our release. He had learned two sisters who were baptized had had at Odessa that we were soon to be re- a hearing, and the investigation of leased, but would have hastened on to our case seemed to have but just Perekop on Friday, if our brethren had begun. The whole management of our not urged him to stay with them so as case was characteristic of the Russian to attend their meeting on the Sabbath, manner of treating persons accused of and go with them to Perekop on Sunday. any misdemeanor. He brought cheering news from my From the judge's office we returned family and the brethren at Basle, besides to the prison, got our money and cloth- many letters and a whole package of ing, paid what we had promised for the Reviews and Signs, the first I had seen scanty favors we had received, tele- for over ten weeks. graphed the news of our release to the What a blessed privilege it was to be friends in Basle, and hiring the best rig among brethren and friends again, and we could find, an old one-horse lumber to have an opportunity to talk with them wagon, we went on our way rejoicing, about the present truth. We held a twenty-five miles to Berdebulat, where long meeting that evening, and another our brethren were. on the Sabbath, perfecting the organiza- tion of the church and of the tract soci- AMONG THE BRETHREN. ety. Several promised to be baptized Toward evening we reached our and to unite with the church. friends, and what a joyful meeting ! Evening after the Sabbath we went They had been kept as much in uncer- to Japontschi, where we met some tainty as to our future prospects as we had brethren who had come thirty miles been, and our coming was entirely unex- from the south, and had brought with pected. It was Friday, and providen- them several persons who had em- tially the brethren, who were much scat- braced the truth since our imprisonment. tered, and held their meetings sometimes This meeting we also regarded as prov- in one village, and sometimes in an- idential, for no appointment had been other, had appointed the Sabbath meeting made for it by the brethren. Our meet- for this place. Soon our brethren who ing, which began at nine o'clock, con- lived in Japontschi, came in from Aibar, tinued till near morning, and after a where they had been waiting in vain all few hours of rest we again assembled. day to meet the official who was to ex- Several persons joined the church and amine them. the tract society, and others promised A little later, Bro. Oscar Roth came in to be baptized at the first opportunity. from the post-office. He had come all All seemed anxious to dedicate them- 18 266 HISTORICAL SKETCHES.

selves to the Lord, and they freely gave for the growth of the work if our breth- a tithe of their income for the advance- ren remain humble. ment of his work. The brethren had worked day and night to get through IN EASTERN RUSSIA. with their harvesting early, that they From Eupatoria we returned to Odessa, might sell their grain to raise money and during our stay made the acquaint- for our bail; but while they lost some ance of the American Consul, who had time in visiting us, and were obliged to shown much interest in our welfare. sell their grain at the earliest opportu- Notwithstanding the dangers we had nity, the Lord blessed them, and they already encountered, we decided that found afterward that they had received before returning to Switzerland Bro. more for their grain than those had Roth and I would visit some of the who sold later. German colonies in Eastern Russia. Sunday afternoon I was invited to Accompanied by Bro. Perk, we . again lead the Mennonite Baptist meeting, a embarked on the Black Sea, sailing thing which they had never asked me eastward as far as the mouth of the to do before. During my absence from Dnieper River. Going up the Dnieper, the place, many inquiries had been made we spent the Sabbath at Cherson, an as to whether I could not come and old fortified city, and after a pleasant preach again, and now all seemed sorry trip of three days arrived in Alexan- that I could not remain longer. Several drov, from which place we continued of those who had accused us expressed our journey on the cars. Near Alexan- their regret for having done so. My drov was a Mennonite settlement, and imprisonment had only increased the all along the road we noticed their neat interest, and the fact that I had been little villages. forbidden to preach created a great At Wiesenfeld, the home of Bro. Perk, demand for our reading matter. we spent two days. Though our stay We held meetings in several other was short, we found some interested places, and everywhere found new ones ones, and regretted that we could not accepting the truth. We also spent a visit all the Sabbath-keepers in this day at Biten, the old home of our section. As we proceeded on our jour- Milltown brethren. Here many are in ney, we found the country changing for good circumstances ; but while they are the better. We noticed more timber, piling up earthly riches, some are losing and there was more wood used in the sight of the eternal riches which the construction of the buildings. true followers of Christ will soon pos- A journey of about fifteen hundred sess. miles from Odessa brought us to Sara- September 15 we again reached Eu- tov, on the Volga. This city has up- patoria. Though our campaign in the wards of a hundred thousand inhabit- Crimea had in some respects been a ants, among them many Germans, who hard one, yet we all felt to thank God have two fine churches here. As Bro. for what had been accomplished. There Perk had friends in the city, we made are now about fifty keeping the Sab- our home with them during our stay. bath, peace and unity reign among the No sooner had we arrived than we brethren, and new ones are accepting were informed that the Lutheran min- the truth. The prospects are favorable isters, having learned from our papers A VISIT- TO RUSSIA. 267 .of my intention to visit Saratov, were scenery, but finding much that was of ready at the first opportunity to secure interest on the steamer itself. Most of our arrest. But being thus forewarned, the steamers on the Volga are built in we were on our guard to give them no England, some being ,fitted up after the •occasion against us. American style, and they are fast sailers. We arrived in the city early Sunday The Volga is navigable for over fifteen morning, and in the forenoon I spoke hundred miles, while there is a thousand by request to a select company of miles of navigation on the Caspian Sea. friends. In the afternoon we visited a There being no railroad that follows the family of Sabbath-keepers who live on river, it is the channel for all the com- -the outskirts of the city. We were glad merce of the vast region drained by its -to find here a good earnest couple who tributaries, and of the countries border- were not only trying to keep God's ing on the Caspian. The Volga is, in commandments, but were doing all they fact, the great eastern highway for all could to spread the truth. the travel from the interior of Asia to With these friends we ascended one the principal centers of commerce in of the hills which forma semicircular Russia, especially to Nijni-Novgorod, wall around the city, while the river where, during the famous markets, from Volga forms the front. We had a good two to three hundred thousand persons view of the city and its many churches, gather. of the great river, alive with steamers, Our steamer was well filled, not and: of the great plain across the river, only with Russians, Tartars, Cossacks, stretching away toward the east. A and German colonists, but with Persians few days' drive across this plain would who were on their way home from bring us to Asia, the home of more than Novgorod. These people occupied the half the world's population. Already whole of the lower deck. They had the truth has taken root in Saratov, their carpets spread on the floor, and this great outpost; who will carry it to sat with crossed legs, some chatting in the millions beyond ? Oh, as in imagin- their• peculiar tongue, others sipping tea ation we looked beyond the barriers, to from tiny china cups, while others were this great dark continent with its eight smoking tobacco. Their pipes were hundred million souls, we could but say, quite a peculiar and elaborate affair. "Truly, the world lies in darkness, and On the floor stood an air-tight vessel Satan is the prime ruler." But soon a containing water, and on this rested a better day will come, when righteousness large bowl with the tobacco, while a shall prevail. May God help us to prize little tube passed from the pipe into the the light and to let it shine, that some water. The smoking tube, which is may yet be brought from darkness. very long and flexible, was inserted in The next day we left Saratov, to visit the side of this vessel, and as the Bro. Conrad Laubhan, from Kansas, smoker drew out the air, the smoke with whom I had become acquainted in was forced through the water, and thus, that State, and who with his family before it reached the smoker, was freed came here in May to labor among his from some of its poisonous qualities. friends. We went by steamer down the On the boat we had an opportunity to Volga, and had a pleasant trip, not see the Mohammedan worship. Toward only enjoying a view of some fine evening, while we were sitting on the 268 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. deck, a man approached the paddle-box, ited, we would have organized a:. spread a handsomely ornamented shirt church, but we hope that an organiza- upon it, and taking off his shoes set tion will soon be effected. Toward them on two of the corners to hold evening we parted from the friends them down, while he laid his comb on here, and Brn. Perk and Laubhan, with the opposite end. He then engaged in another brother who had that day kept prayer, closing his eyes, and seeming his first Sabbath, accompanied us to the to be lost to all around him. He stood station. Bro. Perk had been three while praying, but from time to time months with me. We had started out would kneel, and touch his forehead to with high hopes, but how suddenly had the comb. When we afterward went they been overthrown. We had spent below we found all the Persians chant- many a day together in painful uncer- ing their prayers, some standing and tainty, only relieved as we sought con- some kneeling, some touching their solation from above ; but the Lord had heads to brazen rings instead of their been better to us than our fears. Now, combs. after sharing joy and sorrow, we sep- Late in the evening we arrived at arated, he to continue to labor amidst the Russian village of Tscherbakovka. perils and difficulties for the advance- From this place a road leads along a ment of God's cause in Russia, I to re- little ,creek, through a narrow valley, turn to preach the word to the millions to a German village by the same name. in Germany and Switzerland. There:are about forty mills on the creek, and at one of these Bro. Laubhan re- MOSCOW. sided With his brother. The night was Next morning at Koslov Bro. Roth and very dark, the road muddy, and the I were obliged to separate, his return: neighborhood infested by robbers, but ticket taking him by the southern route,. we fortunately met two German mill- while I took the much shorter and boys, who conducted us safely to our quicker route by the way of Moscow. destination. I arrived in Moscow Sunday night, and. We were glad to, meet our brother as my train was not to leave until Mon- in this far eastern land, and we spent day evening, I started out early in the- several days in counseling together, and morning to see some of the sights in this visiting a few interested ones. When ancient capital of Russia. My first visit he came here, Bro. L. held a number was to the Kremlin, a celebrated fortress of meetings, but was finally stopped by in the heart of the city. On my way I the elders of the Lutheran Church at noticed a fine carriage with six large the reqUest of their pastor. He then black horses driving through the streets. extended hiS work to other places, but As it passed, every one uncovered his continued to visit the interested ones head, bowed reverently, and crossed here. Many were convinced of the himself. It stopped beside a chapel, and truth, several had begun to obey, and a the people, rich and poor, rushed up to number were imiestigating. it, some gentlemen and ladies even leav- From this place we returned to Sara- ing their carriages. Drawing nearer, I toy, where we had a good meeting on saw in it two priests clad in rich gar- the Sabbath. Had not these friends ments, one holding a light and a large been so scattered, and our time so lim- cross. The people kissed the cross, and A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 269 the hands of the priests, and even the As I forgot to do so, several shouted to :seams of their garments. It seemed very me at once to take off my hat. Passing :hard to tell to which they paid the most through the gate, I saw the tower of .homage, to the cross or to the priests. Ivan the Great, and on a 'granite pedestal A few steps farther brought me to at its base the king of bells, the iargest the famous Red Square, where is the in the world, a monster twenty-six feet sacred place from which the emperors high and sixty-seven feet in circumfer- proclaimed their will to the people. ence, and weighing f9ur hundred and

A VIEW IN Moscow.

Here stands the St. Basil cathedral, a thirty-two thousand pounds. It has very odd-looking structure, with its fallen twice from the tower, first in many different colors, and here is also 1706, and again in 1737 ; the last time the most noted gate of the Kremlin, that a large piece was broken out. .of the Redeemer. The picture of the As it was too early to ascend the tow- .Saviour which hangs over the entrance er, I visited some of the public edifices is regarded with great veneration by the within this vast fortress ; for the Kremlin Russians, those who approach it uncover- is not one single building, but an immense ing their heads while yet at a distance. pile of buildings surrounded by walls and 270 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. battlements. I went first to the cathedral from the Bible. In one portion of this of St. Michael, which contains the tombs vast building was the room where the of the czars down to the time of Peter synod has its sessions. I was glad when the Great ; and afterward visited the my wanderings were over, pitying rather beautiful Cathedral of the Annuncia- than envying those who occupy these tion, with its rich interior covered with rooms from time to time. gold and gems, its gilded roof and nine As the sky was now clear, I ascended cupolas. the great tower, to enjoy from its sum- Then passing a lumber of mon- mit one of the most remarkable views strous cannon, I went through the ar- in the world. Below was Moscow, with senal, which contains a famous collec- its seven hundred thousand inhabitants, tion of arms, and many jeweled thrones the center of the national life of Russia, and crowns and other historical relics. the place of the coronation of the czars, Here I saw the oldest golden crown, the commercial emporium of Central worn by Vladimir I., 956-1015 ; also Russia and Western Asia, the "holy an, imperial globe on which were eighty- mother city," in the creed of the people.. nine rubies, twenty-three sapphires, fifty Its thousand spires, domes, and min- emeralds, thirty-seven pearls, and fifty- arets, with their diversity of shape and eight diamonds. Among the splendid color, sparkled in the bright sunlight. robes and imperial regalia were those There was the Kremlin, with its fine- worn by the present emperor and his public buildings, its rich cathedrals, and wife at their coronation. As I viewed grand palace. There were the lofty the vast collection, presenting the great- walls of the Kremlin, forming a triangle est treasures of this mighty empire, the nearly a mile in length, the battlements, finest spoils of Asia, and the choicest the eighteen towers, the five gates, and gifts of kings, and noticed how care- the fine boulevards surrounding all. fully they had to be guarded, many There was the river Moskva winding of the showcases being kept sealed, I its way like a silvery thread through thought of the words of Solomon : " I the city ; the great bazaar with its thou-- - ''gathered me also silver and gold, and sand shops occupied by merchants trad- the peculiar treasure of kings and of ing with Siberia, China, Tartary, and the provinces. . . . Then I looked on almost all other portions of the world ; all the works that my hands had the great mass of houses reaching to the wrought, and on the labor that I had hills beyond, — truly, it was a magnifi- labored to do ; and, behold, all was cent view. From its promiscuous min- vanity and vexation of spirit, and there gling of palaces and huts, Moscow has was no profit under the sun." been fitly described as being at once The emperor being absent, I with "beautiful and rich, grotesque and ab- other visitors was allowed to pass surd, magnificent and mean." through the imperial palace with its It seemed hard to leave such a sight, grand reception halls and its multitude but the hours passed rapidly, and I had. of rooms, some furnished in modern to hasten. Looking for a moment at a style, others after different ancient fash- few of the thirty-four bells which this ions. In every part of the palace there tower contains, some of them of enor- were chapels for worship, and many of mous size, making a brief visit to the the rooms were decorated with scenes Church of the Assumption, where the A VISIT TO RUSSIA. 271 emperors are crowned, and pausing for cording the passes of the passengers. a glance at the great bazaar, I hastened There I was informed that the officials to the train. in Saratov had neglected to affix the stamp to my pass. I never paid thirty ACROSS THE BORDER. cents more cheerfully in my life. Next morning we were in Smolensk, went back to the restaurant, finished- an old fortified city noted for the victory my supper, and then entered the Ger- gained here by Napoleon 1. in 1812, by , man cars. A few moments later the which his way was opened to Moscow. officer returned our- passes, the engine A twenty-four hours' ride brought us whistled, gave a few good puffs, and to Brest, an important railroad center. soon we crossed a little stream,—thank Just beyond it are some of the strong- God, in Germany est fortifications of Russia. Here we The Russian Mission has been opened. entered ancient Poland, and instead of Not without cost, it is true. Dangers the Greek churches we now saw those of and difficulties are still in the way. the Roman Catholics. The country be- Imprisonment and persecution threaten came more thickly settled and better cul- the laborer. The preacher is not at tivated. About noon we reached Pragga, liberty to present the message. But as one of the suburbs of Warsaw. Passing it is God's cause, who can hinder? As many factories and some strong fortifi- little as men could prevent the spread cations, we crossed the Vistula, getting of the gospel in its earlier stages, or a partial view of Warsaw, a city of four stay the progress of the Reformation, so hundred thousand souls. Arriving at little can this truth be held. Satan is the main depot, we took our tickets on fully aware that there is a vast field the fast train for Berlin. Warsaw dis- opened in Russia, and he uses every appeared from view, and by evening, means to bar the entrance. But could Oct. 6, we had reached Alexandrow, the the vail be lifted, we would see hundreds border station. and thousands of Germans in Russia, Here our passes had to be given up yes, and Russians also, who are inves- to the police for examination, and while tigating the truths of the last message. they looked them over I went to a res- Many are deeply convicted. Some begin taurant for supper, as I had had nothing to to yield. About eighty are already obey- eat all day. Hardly had I commenced ing. Some of these begin to feel a bur- my meal when an officer called out some den to labor for others, and notwith- name; I listened—it was mine. For a standing all the dangers, a few are nobly moment I grew pale, wondering why I dedicating themselves to the work. All should be singled out among so many over this vast empire the believers are passengers, after all the care that I had scattered, and through them the light taken to get my pass in order. Could circulates. It extends even to far-off it he that I was to be again arrested, Asia, and some there already know of when almost beyond danger ? Once present truth. The truth has found an more he called, and this time more entrance, the seed is firmly planted, and, sharply. I arose and told him that I God giving the increase, it will un- was the person. In a harsh tone he bade doubtedly grow and prosper, so that a me follow him, and we entered a room number from this nation also may be where a number of officers were re- among the 144,000. TENT LABOR AND COLPORTER WORK.

sometimes they cannot be obtained at THE USE OF TENTS IN EUROPEAN FIELDS. any price. The class distinctions so AT the European Missionary Council prevalent there, are carried so far that of 1885, much thoughtful attention was there may be said to be almost a caste given to the question as to whether the in halls. At least the character of the use of tents was practicable in the work audiences depends largely on the class in Europe. Efforts with tents had been of halls which are secured, and those of twice made in England, and though the the better class are high in price. In first effort had for various reasons been some localities also the halls are con- abandoned, the second, which had been trolled by the clergy of the Church of carried on during the summer preceding England, who use their influence to this session of the Council, had met oppose their being occupied to teach with encouraging success. After thor- dissenting doctrines. It was the opinion ough discussion and mature delibera- of those who had labored with the tent tion, the Council recommended the pro- during the summer of 1885, that the curing of an additional tent for England, use of tents would successfully meet and a tent each for Scandinavia, Ger- some of these difficulties in England, many, France, and Italy. and prove in many cases a more prac- Some of the reasons which led to the tical and less expensive method of reach- adoption of this recommendation may ing the public than by holding meetings be briefly stated as follows:— in halls. I. The difficulty and expense of, ob- In France it is often impossible to taining suitable places for holding public secure proper halls, from the fact that meetings. These difficulties exist in they do not exist. The policy of the different degrees in the various local- French government in years past has ities where the work has been com- been to prohibit large gatherings of the menced, but in all these fields the people, so there has been no demand situation leaves much to be desired in for rooms for public assemblies. It is the way of public access to the people. but a few years since the law was in England is perhaps the most favorably force strictly forbidding the assembling situated in this respect of any of the of more than twenty persons for a European fields, but even there it is meeting of any kind, except the relig- often impossible to obtain suitable halls ious meetings held in the regularly es- for holding religious meetings,—halls tablished temples for worship. For this which would give the right character to reason, even though the laws are now the work,—without large expense, and more liberal, there is great difficulty in. (272) TENT LABOR AND COLPORTER WORK. 273 securing places large enough to convene into personal association with the people. a large assembly. If the permission to In many cases this would be a great use tents could be secured in this coun- point gained, as it is very often difficult try, it would obviate, it was judged, a to break down the barriers which serious difficulty in reaching the masses. seem to exist between the common In Germany, although halls can be people and their religious teachers. secured, they are almost invariably con- 3. As regards the health of the laborer, nected with drinking establishments, so tent work offers decided advantages over that their surroundings are not favora- some other methods of work. In En- ble for the holding of religious meetings. gland open-air meetings are quite com- The rental of halls is usually expensive. monly held as a popular means of reach- The laws in Germany are more favora- ing the masses ; but this method of labor ble to the protection of religious meet- involves serious risk to the speaker, ings than in most of the countries of whose vocal organs are severely strained Europe. Meetings in a tent would with- in order to secure the attention. of the out doubt have the same protection as people and to make himself heard. The those held in halls, and so the most tax upon the lungs and vocal organs is favorable opportunity would be provided much less in speaking in a tent than in for reaching the public. the open air. It is also very difficult to In Scandinavia the spirit of religious develop in this manner a definite interest liberty and toleration is much more among the people. The audiences in prevalent than in the countries of open-air meetings are made up more Central Europe. The general customs largely of a floating element, and are of the people seem more in harmony much more changeable than those which with the freedom of our American in- would attend the lectures 'held in tents. ,stitutions, especially in religious matters. The tent also furnishes a much more But even here it is often difficult to find healthful location for the audience as suitable places for meeting. In the well as for the speaker, than the crowded, cities, halls can be obtained ; but in the badly ventilated rooms and halls, which smaller places they are not so readily are the best locations obtainable for found. It was thought that if tents meetings in many of these countries. could be used successfully in all these These, and other reasons which might countries these obstacles which in many be named, seemed to furnish abundant instances have proved a serious hin- reason for a thorough effort to test the drance to the work might be by this question whether tents could be success- means overcome. fully used in these fields, and it will with- 2. Tent-meetings would furnish a better out doubt be of interest to the reader to means of advertising our work, attracting learn something as to the success of the the attention of the people, and bringing experiment during this first season. the laborers into direct association with The result of this trial has been in the those for whom they are laboring, than main encouraging. It has been demon- meetings held in halls. The novelty of strated in all these countries excepting using tents for religious meetings would Germany, where a tent has not been serve to draw the people by arousing employed, that meetings of this kind can their curiosity. The experiment in En- be held. In Italy the free protection of gland has shown that the people were the authorities has been readily accorded, willing to assist in contributing toward and no serious difficulty has been found the expenses and support of those in maintaining a good degree of order. who were laboring for them, and by The attendance has been, it is thought, this means the laborers were brought much larger than it would have been in 274 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. any hall that could have been secured ; In connection with this tent effort, and while the results have not been as thousands of copies of a tent journal great as might have been desired, yet have been distributed from house to the effort has been as successful in this house through the city. There is every respect as those that have been carried reason to believe that this distribution on in the usual way. has laid the foundation for a good work At Nimes, France, there was at the yet to be accomplished in the future, outset serious disturbance in the meet- and that the real results of this effort ings, and that, too, not from the lower are not to be estimated by the present class of roughs alone, but as well from apparent fruit. the cultivated and gentlemanly appear- When we take into consideration the ing students of the schools. For a time special hindrances to public Tabor in these disturbances seemed to seriously France, which have already been re- threaten a failure of the effort. The au- ferred to, it will be seen that the im- thorities would promise no protection, portance and bearing of the success of as they claimed not to have the force to this first effort - is not inconsiderable. hold in check the disorderly elements. To have demonstrated that a successful Special permission had to be secured tent-meeting can be held in France, is from the authorities for the holding of really a great point gained. The pres- each meeting, which of course involved tige of this effort will doubtless have its much difficulty, and a perplexing loss of influence in favor of future work of this. time. But by patience and perseverance kind in that country. and the blessing of God, these difficulties In Scandinavia the tent effort has were all overcome, and during the last proceeded much as it would have done weeks the meetings were as quiet and in one of our American Conferences. orderly as those held in any place of No permission was required for the. worship. The authorities also con- privilege of pitching the tent. Eld. 0. sented after a time to grant a permission A. Olsen, who has labored with the tent covering several weeks, and thus the there in connection with other brethren,, effort was closed with no greater ob- states that he has never witnessed a stacle in the way than would be encount- more cordial and hospitable feeling on ered in the most favorable locality. the part of any people than was mani- This we consider very decided suc- fested by the citizens of Moss, from the cess, as in no country of Central Europe very outset of their efforts there. He are there greater difficulties to be en- states also that he has never been able countered, either in the restrictions of in any locality to present the truths of the government or the condition and the message in a more direct manner or spirit of the people, than in France. in a shorter period of time. The effort Not only has there been a good at- there being still in progress, it is impos- tendance at the meetings, but, despite sible to speak definitely as to the final the unpropitious commencement, the re- results, but from the present season's sults have been very gratifying. Seven- experience it would seem safe to as- teen persons have embraced the truth, sume that Scandinavia offers as good and there is still a good interest to a field for labor with the tent as is to. hear. Public Bible readings have been be found anywhere. introduced, both in the tent and in Although circumstances have pre- private houses. The Bible readings vented a tent effort in Germany during held in the afternoon in the tent have the present season, there seems to be no, often been nearly as largely attended reasonable ground to suppose that this. as the preaching service. country will prove an unfavorable ex- TENT LABOR AND COLPORTER WORK. 275 ception to those in which an effort has method of reaching the people, one already been made. The laws are cer- which will yield results commensurate tainly more favorable than in France, with the considerable expenditures de- while the general disposition of the manded to carry it forward, and that people toward religion and public labor by the blessing of God tent work will in its behalf cannot be otherwise than prove to be one of the successful meth- favorable to Germany. ods of extending the proclamation of the In England the effort with the tent present truth in Europe. during the present season has not, per- B. L. WHITNEY. haps, been quite so favorable as those of last year, and yet there has been nothing which would indicate any serious ob- COLPORTER WORK IN EUROPE. stacle in the way of this kind of work. The climate of England, it is true, is THE work of proclaiming the third unfavorable to the preservation of tents, angel's message in the various countries as it is damp, with but a comparatively of Europe, is a great work, and one limited share of sunshine ; but it is attended with many difficulties. The thought that with good care tents will solemn truths of the message relative last for a reasonable time even in this to our present position in the world's climate. The climate of France and history, and our present duty in regard Germany is in this respect peculiarly to Sabbath reform, are even more un- favorable, while that of Italy and Scan- popular here than in America, and as dinavia is good. a rule the circumstances and surround- In the matter of expense, these initial ings of the people are such as to make efforts with tents have been quite costly, it more difficult for them to obey the more so than will be the case in the truth after they accept, it. The older future. It cannot, however, be denied the country, the more completely do that work of this kind must always men seem to be hedged about with involve a heavy expense ; but as com- barriers against reforms of any char- pared with the expense of holding acter, and especially against any change meetings in the usual manner, it is be- in matters of religion. lieved that the result will not be unfa- As we study the progress of religious vorable to the use of tents in these reformations in different parts of the fields. world, we shall notice that usually those As a whole, the efforts of the present who live in new and growing countries season offer many reasons for encour- are most ready to investigate new agement.. A new step has been taken truths. Either they or their ancestors in the public presentation of the truth have sought the new country in hope to the people of Europe. There still of bettering their circumstances, or be- remains much to be done in the way of cause they were dissatisfied with the old educating workers who shall be pre- channels in which their lives had been pared to labor in connection with such running. In many cases the same im- efforts in such a manner as to make pulses that led them to seek for im- them most efficient and most successful. provement in their temporal matters,. Without doubt 'very much yet remains lead them to carefully investigate all to be learned by experience as to how that pertains to their spiritual welfare,, to adapt this method of work to the and to promptly accept and act upon conditions of the people so that the best whatever commends itself to their judg- results may be secured. But we fully ment. There is also a class that are so believe that with increased experience progressive as to become unstable. In this will be found a practical and efficient the older countries, that which is an- 276 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. cient is venerated, and that which has from their workshops, who will speak stood for many generations without to them a few earnest words, and place change, is most highly regarded. In in their hands those publications that religious matters this sentiment prevails will direct their minds to the Scriptures to a marked degree. That a church that point out the time in which we live, has been established for many genera- and show the reforms that are required tions, that it was founded by men of of the people of this generation. Minds -wisdom and piety, that many good men once aroused in this way are ready to have died in its communion, are re- listen to the preaching of the message. garded as the highest testimonials to its In the great Reformation of the six- purity and authority. In theory these teenth century a large share of the things are regarded as next in impor- work of arousing the people to the ne- tance to the authority of the Scriptures, cessity of reform, and of teaching the -while in fact they are often accepted as true doctrines, was done by the circula- superior to the Scriptures. tion of pamphlets and tracts, and it is Under such circumstances it is very plainly to be seen that the same means difficult to make rapid progress in the must be largely depended upon for the teaching of the weighty truths of the spread of the truths of the third angel's third angel's message; truths which are message. startling for their antagonism with the Let us notice what has been done in ancient and popular traditions that have our different missions, and this will give been accepted as truth for centuries; us a clue to what may be accomplished truths that cannot be accepted without when a larger number of trained work- the Sacrifice of many social ties and ers shall .enter the field. In England financial interests, and which present quite a number of young women have frequent crosses and tests of fidelity. entered the field as colporters, and their But this is the character of the truths success, considering their experience in that must be proclaimed to every na- the work, is very encouraging. They tion, kindred, and people, to prove who go from house to house, laboring mostly are willing to obey God regardless of among the women, whose husbands are the trials that will come upon them, and away at their work. They sell papers, thus to purify and prepare a people for tracts, and pamphlets. The most com- the coming of their Lord. mon method of operation is for two to We need not expect that the people go together to one of the larger towns, will flock in eager crowds to hear the and after engaging room and board in preaching of this message, we cannot a private family, they set out upon their look for them to seek out the teacher canvass. They take a good supply of of unpopular doctrines, or to attend the the latest number of Present Truth, and meetings of our missionaries, till their a few tracts, such as " The Second Ad- attention has been called to the im- vent " and " The Sufferings of Christ," portance of the doctrines under consid- and go from house to house offering eration, and to the fact that the Script- the paper first, and afterward the tracts. ures are the only true authority on They canvass in this way as much of these matters. the town as they can until another If our efforts to advance the knowl- number of the paper is issued. Then edge of Bible truths shall be attended they begin where they did at first, and with the highest success in the various go over the ground again. On this countries of Europe, we must have a second visit they usually sell a smaller large number of laborers who will visit number of papers, and a larger number the people at their homes, find them in of tracts and pamphlets. Some of those the fields, or meet them as they come who purchased the first paper will re- TENT LABOR AND COLPORTER WORK. 277 fuse to buy a second, while others who city mission school, and to go with the have become interested in the paper will Bible workers here who may enter the not only buy another, but will express their field, in following up the interest raised opinion with reference to the teachings by the work of the colporters ; and that of the one they have read. This opens some successful canvassers who have- the way for the introduction of other gained a thorough experience in the tracts and pamphlets, and frequently for work, shall come and make a study of the sale of larger books. It also opens the situation, and develop by experiments an unlimited field for the holding of in various places what can be done in Bible readings. England in this line of work. Besides, Up to the present time the young men this, it seems necessary to the best suc- who have engaged in this work have cess of the work, that several of our not been quite so successful, and as they most popular books and pamphlets, as are usually accustomed to larger wages, well as many of our tracts, shall be pub- it is more difficult for them to en- lished in England in a style and at prices gage in this kind of work. A few of our that will compare favorably with En- brethren who are stationed at the great glish publications. The few efforts that sea-ports and are furnished with a quan- have been made to illustrate our papers tity of tracts and periodicals to be placed and tracts, have met with marked suc- on the ships, have become quite success- cess. The colporters say that they can ful in selling our books and pamphlets sell twice as many copies of those tracts, to the sailors and officers of these ships, that are illustrated as of those that are and there is a fair prospect that with not. skillful economy and increased experience In Scandinavia the situation is quite- they may be able to support themselves different. So far as the difficulty of get- in this way. The method of canvassing ting at the people is concerned, it is much employed in the United States is but the same here as in America. In the little practiced in England, and has cities, and wherever the people are well- not yet been carried to success by any to-do, the work goes forward much the of our brethren. We have no doubt same as it does there. Here as elsewhere that it can be in some localities when the cities are hard places to work in, un- we shall have experienced workers, and less the canvasser or colporter has much books which shall correspond in price skill and experience, and for this reason and style to the popular editions pub- our colporters have worked mostly in lished in England. One of the principal the country. There the largest part of obstacles to be met in this branch of the the people are very poor, and are trained work is the fact that the wealthier classes to the closest economy. Very few feel are somewhat difficult to approach. able to buy more than a few small tracts What seems to be most needed for the or the least expensive pamphlets, but as development of the different branches a rule they treat the colporter kindly, of this work in England, is, that a city and if he is gentlemanly, and wins their mission training school be established, confidence, he can lodge and board with where those faithful young people who them at a very trifling expense. are now engaged in the colporter work Very early in the history of this mis- may receive a more thorough course of sion, Eld. Matteson saw the importance instruction, and may work in connection of the colporter work, and the necessity with persons of experience, thus becom- of having a good assortment of books ing fitted to do still better work than for this use. Therefore he devoted his they have done in the past ; that a few best energies to the preparation of books experienced Bible workers be sent to on the various points of present truth, this field, to assist in the work of the in such a form as would be most salable.. 278 HISTORICAL, SKETCHES. Having some experience in the printing have not had a thorough knowledge of business, and being able to write in the the languages in which the books were language in which the books were to be to be printed, and that all their work printed, he was able to push this work must be submitted to the tedious process forward as fast as the limited means at of translation, has greatly delayed the command would permit. His energy publication of pamphlets and large and faith in the enterprise inspired cour- books, the printing of the journals and age in others, and for a number of years a few tracts being all that they had time several men have been constantly in the to edit, and all that the office had ca- field. The above circumstance, with pacity to publish until the new building the fact that our Scandinavian colporters was completed. During the last year, have been thoroughly schooled in econ- considerable progress has been made, in omy and industry, working early and the translation and printing of some of late, and contriving every possible way our larger books, such as "The History to save expense, has enabled them to of the Sabbath," " The Life of Christ," make their work almost entirely self- and similar works, and we expect soon supporting. to see a good assortment of our most In Scandinavia, as in England, a city important books issued in both German mission is needed, where persons can be and French. trained in the best methods of colport- In Switzerland, where our brethren age in the cities, and in the work of are the most numerous, the colporter is holding Bible readings. There seems to required to pay such a heavy license as be no part of Europe where the work almost to forbid this kind of work. But done by colporters shows greater results a commissioner whose license costs but than in Scandinavia, nor where the a few francs a quarter, can sell books canvassing work promises to be more on about the same plan as is adopted successful. "The Life of Christ," issued by our canvassers in America. The in parts and illustrated, is having a rapid experience of Bro. Keller in Zurich, and sale in both Danish and Swedish. that of Bro. A. Vuilleumier and others Within the limits of the Central in French Switzerland, show that there European Mission, there are so many are times when good lists of subscribers countries, with such widely differing may be obtained for both the French circumstances, that it is difficult to de- and the German paper. But unbounded scribe the situation. As a rule, the energy is required to make this work a nearer we get to Rome, the greater are financial success. the difficulties in the way of selling pub- In France and Italy the colporter's lications, and the less favorable are the license is not very expensive. But for prospects for the canvasser and col- reasons mentioned above, small tracts porter to make a living from their com- do not meet a ready sale. The journals missions. In the more southern coun- may be sold at a low price, but the tries there is less interest in religious people are slow to give their subscrip- books than in England and Scandinavia, tion for any length of time. The price and an absence of that hospitality that looks large, and who knows but they is such a help to the colporter in Scan- will tire of the paper before the sub- dinavia; and the fact that tracts fur- scription has expired? In these coun- nished by the missionary societies of tries, small pamphlets, with one or two England andAmerica have been so freely illustrations, seem to meet with the distributed in these countries, materially most favor, and in some localities a hinders the sale of religious books. colporter can do a lively business if he The fact that those having the burden has a good supply of these. It appears of the publishing work in this mission to us at this time that the most profit- TENT LABOR AND COLPORTER WORK. 279 able way of working in these. countries guages to come and help to set this, is for the laborer to become acquainted branch of the work in successful opera- with the people by colporter work, and tion in the various countries; and sev- then by holding Bible readings to follow eral persons who have had experience up any interest that may be aroused. in colportage and Bible work, to enter In Germany we have never given col- each of the great fields that are waiting porter work a fair trial. Until within a for laborers, and to work with those few months, we have had neither books laborers of less experience who may nor laborers. Now we have the books, be raised up here to engage in the but where are the laborers? The col- work. porters of other societies do good work Who are there among our German, in Germany, and are really successful. French, and Scandinavian Sabbath-keep- Among the Germans in Russia the work ers in America, men and women of has just begun, and although there are stability and experience, who desire to many obstacles to be met in this field, do something in the great work of re- and some risks to be run, there seems form, and who have a burden for the to be a people there who are hungry people of their own nationality? Who for the truth, and who wilt obey the are there among the young and strong truth at all hazards when they under- that are willing to labor in Cficult stand what it is. There are a few fields, and to sacrifice ease and comfort faithful men in Russia engaged in this for the work of the Master ? Is there work. In Russia, as in Scandinavia; a not in some of these fields a work for large number of the people are very you ? If you desire to be laborers in poor, but there is the same spirit of these countries, begin the work of prep- hospitality, and the colporter can live aration without delay. Foreign mis- among them at very small expense. sions need persons of experience, those So far as tried, the work of holding who have learned how to work under Bible readings appears to be quite as varied circumstances, and have proved successful in all these countries as it is their faithfulness and ability, persons in America. In England, in Scandina- who can bear hardship like good sol- via, in 'France, in Switzerland, and in diers, and Who know how to economize Russia, wherever adopted, the Bible time and means. readings are highly appreciated, and Are there not many who might be- have proved a marked success. In the come useful laborers in' these fields if course of the meetings lately held in they would thoroughly prepare them- Nimes, France, the Bible readings were selves for the work ? Are there not almost as largely attended as the reg- many who will at once enter the field ular preaching services, although held as colporters among their people in many times in the middle of the day. America, or who will join some of our In Russia, where the risks are so great city missions, and there gain an expe- to any one who shall preach or pros- rience that will enable them to be both elyte, this seems to be the most promis- helpers in the work and teachers of ing means of assisting the people to find others in these various fields of Europe? out what the Bible teaches. The field indeed is very wide, and the In Central Europe, as well as in time to labor is short, and at this England and Scandinavia, some of the eleventh hour in the day, the Master of most urgent wants of the cause are, a the vineyard is saying to those who are city mission which may serve as a standing in the market-place, " Go ye training school for colporters and Bible also into the vineyard, and whatsoever workers ; a few experienced canvassers is right, that shall ye receive." who understand the European lan- W. C. WHITE. APPEALS FOR OUR MISSIONS.

BY MRS. E. G. WHITE.

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tunities and privileges are granted them EDUCATION FOR THE MISSIONARY WORK. for improvement, and they should make " WE are laborers together with God; ye are every effort in their power to learn how God's husbandry, ye are God's building." 1 Cor. they may do the work of God acceptably. 3: 9. Wherever our ministers shall labor, The work of the Christian laborer is in Europe or in America, they should not light or unimportant. He has a seek to arouse the youth to prepare for high vocation, from which his whole active service in God's great field of future life must take its mould and col- battle. •All who claim to be the serv- oring. He who gives himself to so sa- ants of Christ have a work to do for him. cred a work should bend all his energies The very name of servant conveys the to its accomplishment. He should aim idea of hire, work, responsibility. God high ; he will never reach a higher has intrusted to every one, powers to standard than that which he aims to be employed in his service. He has attain. He cannot diffuse light until he given to each his work, and he requires has first received it. He must be a that every faculty shall be improved to learner before he can have sufficient his glory. experience and wisdom to become a Just in front of our printing office in teacher, able to open the Scriptures to Basle is a large park of many acres, those who are in darkness. If God has reserved by the government for military called men to be laborers together with drill. Here day after day, at certain him, it is equally certain that he has seasons of the year, we see the soldiers called them to make the best possible training. They are drilled in all the preparation to rightly represent the sa- duties of the army, so that in case of cred, elevating truths of his word. war they may be ready at the call of Those who desire to give themselves the government to engage in actual to the work of God, should receive an service. One day a fine tent was brought education and training for the work, upon the ground. Then came the dis- that they may be prepared to engage cipline of pitching it and taking it down; in it intelligently. No one should feel instruction was given as to setting it up that he can step at once upon the upper in proper order, every man having his rounds of the ladder; those who would specific work. Several times the tent succeed must begin at the first round, was erected and taken down. By an- and climb upward step by step. Oppor- other company, many small cannon (280) EDUCATION FOR THE MISSIONARY WORK. 281 were brought upon the ground, and also be in our larger churches special lessons were given by the officers in the training schools for young men and matter of moving these quickly from women, to fit them to become workers place to place, in taking apart the can- for God. And far more attention should non wagon, and setting the gun ready be given by our ministers to the matter for use, and in quickly attaching again of assisting and educating younger la- the fore wheels so as to be ready at the borers. call to set them in motion in an instant. When an effort is made to introduce Ambulances were brought to the ground, the truth in an important place, our and the sanitary corps were taught to ministers should give special attention take care of the wounded. Men were to the instruction and training of those laid upon stretchers, and their heads who are to co-operate with them. Col- and limbs were bandaged as are those porters and canvassers are needed, and of the wounded on the field of battle. those who are fitted to give Bible read- Then they were laid in the ambulances, ings in families, so that while the min- and drawn from the ground. For hours, isters are laboring in word and doctrine, soldiers are drilled to disencumber them- these can also be calling minds to the selves of their knapsacks, and place them truth. Our ministers who have gone to quickly in position again upon the per- important places to hold tent-meetings son. They are taught how to stack have often made a serious mistake in their arms, and how to seize them devoting all their time to sermonizing. quickly. They are drilled in making a There should be less preaching and charge as against the enemy, and are more teaching,—teaching the people, trained in all kinds of maneuvers. and also teaching young men how to Thus the drill goes on, preparing men labor successfully. Ministers should be- for any emergency. And should those come efficient in teaching others how who are fighting the, battle for Prince to study the Bible, and in training the Immanuel be less earnest and painstak- minds and manners of those who would ing in their preparation for the spiritual become workers in the cause of God. warfare ? Those who engage in this And they should be ready to counsel great work must take part in the drill. and instruct those who have newly They must educate themselves to obey, come to the faith, and who give prom- before they are fitted to command. ise of possessing ability to work for the Even at this eleventh hour, there Master. should be decided advancement made Those who are connected with tent in the matter of a special preparatory labor should avail themselves of all the work. In all our Conferences there advantages thus offered them. They should be well-organized plans for the should not be wandering listlessly about instruction and training of those who while discourses are being given, as desire to give themselves to the cause though there was nothing in the sermon of God. Our city missions afford favor- that they needed. They are not to able opportunities for education in mis- regard the speaker as merely one who sionary labor; but these are not enough. is delivering an oration, but as God's There ought to be connected with our messenger, bearing a message from schools the best possible facilities for heaven to men. Personal preferences the preparation of laborers both for and prejudices must not come in to home and foreign fields. There should influence the hearer. All should imitate 19 282 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. the example of Cornelius and his friends, strengthen and expand the mental pow-\ who said, "Now therefore are we all ers, and it will give a true estimate of here present before God, to hear all eternal things. Let the divine precepts things that are commanded thee of God." be brought into the daily life; let the If the hearers thus listen in faith, ex- life be fashioned after God's great stand- pecting a message from God through ard of righteousness, and the whole his delegated messenger, they will re- character will be strengthened and en ceive it and be profited. nobled. The youth who aim to labor in the He who is seeking to qualify himself Master's vineyard must be as appren- for the sacred work of God should be tices who are to learn the trade. They careful not to place himself on the must learn to be useful in the work by enemy's ground, but should choose the first doing errands for the Lord, improv- society of those who will help him to ing opportunities for doing missionary obtain divine knowledge. God suffered labor anywhere, and in any capacity. John, the beloved disciple, to be exiled Thus they may give evidence that they to Patmos, where he was separated from possess tact and qualifications for the the world's bnstle and strife, shut away greatest work ever intrusted to men. from every outside influence, and even They should be constantly improving in from the work that he loved. Then the mind, in manners, in speech, learning Lord could commune with him, opening how to become successful laborers. before him the closing scenes in this They should cultivate tact and courtesy, world's history. John the Baptist made and manifest the spirit of Christ. Let his home in the wilderness, there to re- them never cease to learn. Onward ceive of God the message he was to and upward should be their constant bear, to prepare the way for the Coming endeavor. One. So far as consistent, we should Both the youth and those of mature shun every influence which would tend age, should, as they continue to labor, to divert the mind from the work of be constantly becoming more efficient. God. And those especially who are To engage successfully, in a new branch young in faith and experience should of the work, the mental powers must beware that they do not in self-confi- be disciplined. The mind must not be dence place themselves in the way of permitted to drift with circumstances temptation. and follow impulse, but must be reso- Those who take hold of the work lutely held to the object of the labor. aright, will feel the necessity of having All who would become efficient work- Jesus with them at every step, and they ers must give much time to prayer. will feel that the cultivation of the mind The communication between God and and the manners is a duty due to them- the soul must be kept open, that the selves and required of God,—a duty workers may recognize the voice of which is essential to the success of the their Captain. The Bible should be dil- work. Some who contemplate becom- igently studied. The truth of God, like ing missionary workers may think gold, is not always lying right on the themselves so far advanced that they do surface; it is to be obtained only by not need all this particular drill, but earnest thought and study. This study those who feel thus are the very ones will not only store the mind with the who stand in the greatest need of thor- most valuable knowledge, but it will ough training. When they know much EDUCATION FOR THE MISSIONARY WORE. 283

more in regard to the truth and the been stumbling along ever since, not importance of the work, they will real- doing justice to themselves or to the ize their ignorance and inefficiency. work. They do not seem to have suffi- - When they closely examine their own cient interest to arouse their dormant hearts, they will see themselves in such energies, and task their powers to be- -contrast to the pure character of Christ come efficient workers. They have that they will cry out, " Who is sufficient not taken the pains to form thorough for these things ?" Then they will in and well-devised plans, and their work deep humility strive daily to place shows a deficiency in every part. Some themselves in close connection with have given up in discouragement, and Christ. While overcoming the selfish have engaged in other employment. inclinations of the natural heart, they Had these patiently and humbly placed are placing their feet in the path where their feet on the lowest round of the Christ leads the way. " The entrance ladder, and then with persevering energy of thy words giveth light ; it giveth un- climbed step by step, diligently improv- derstanding unto the simple." But those ing the privileges and opportunities with- who have a high estimate of their own in their reach, they might have become ability and acquisitions, are so full of able, useful workmen, who could give self-importance that there is no oppor- full proof, of their ministry, and of whom tunity for the entrance of the word of the Master would not be ashamed. God, to instruct and, enlighten them. If those who propose to work for the Many feel that they are fitted for a salvation of souls depend on their own work that they know scarcely anything finite wisdom they will certainly fail. about, and if they start in to labor in a If they entertain humble views of self, self-important manner, they will fail to and rely fully upon the promises of God, receive that knowledge which they must he will never fail them. ' " Trust in the obtain in Christ's school. These will be Lord with all thine heart; and lean not doomed to struggle with many difficul- unto thine own understanding. In all ties, for which they are wholly unpre- thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall pared. They will ever lack experience direct thy paths." We have the privi- and wisdom until they learn their great lege of being directed by a wise Coun- inefficiency. selor. Very much has been lost to the cause God can make humble men mighty;, by the defective labors of men who in his service. Those who obediently possess ability, but who have not had respond to the call of duty, improving proper training. They have engaged in their abilities to the very utmost, may a work which they knew not how to be sure of receiving divine assistance. manage, and as the result have accom- Angels will come as messengers of light plished but little. They have not done a to the help of those who will do all that tithe of what they could have done had they can do on their part, and then trust they received the right discipline at the in God to work with their efforts. start. They seized upon a few ideas, It should be impressed on all who managed to get a runway of a few dis- have decided to become workers for courses, and here their progress ended. God, that they must give evidence that They felt competent to be teachers, when they are converted men. A young man they had scarcely mastered their a b c in without a sound virtuous character will the knowledge of the truth. They have be no honor to the truth. Every worker 284 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. should be pure in heart ; in his mouth word, in conversation, in charity, in should be found no guile. He should spirit, in faith, in purity." The work of bear in mind that to be successful he a student was enjoined upon him. " Till must have Christ by his side, and that I come, give attendance to reading, to every sinful practice, however secret, is exhortation, to doctrine. Neglect not open to the view of Him with whom we the gift that is in thee, which was, have to do. Sin has marred the divine given thee by prophecy, with the lay- image in man, but through Christ this ing on of the hands of the presbytery. may be restored. But it is only through Meditate upon these things ; give thyself earnest prayer and the conquest of self wholly to them ; that thy profiting may that we can become partakers of the di- appear to all." vine nature. Many do not rise high These lessons are important, not only enough to meet the standard. Their to ministers, but to all the workers in faith is weak, they expect but little the cause of God. Each should give from God, and they receive accord- them careful study. " Take heed unto ing to their faith. They need far more thyself, and unto the doctrine; continue faith in God, and far less confidence in them ; for in doing this thou shalt 'in self. When they have this, they both save thyself, and them that, hear will be more successful in attaining thee." perfection of character. The true toilers in the Lord's vineyard THE YOUTH AS MISSIONARY WORKERS. will be men of prayer, of faith, of self- denial,—men who hold in restraint the WHY is there so great a lack of the- natural appetites and passions. These' missionary spirit among our youth? will in their own lives give evidence of Why are there so few of the children of the power of the truth which they pre- Sabbath-keeping parents who have any sent to others; and their labors will burden to. labor for the salvation of not be without effect. souls ? It is because they have not The apostle Paul, in his dying charge been educated to realize their responsi- to Timothy; says : " The things that bility. They have not been trained to thou hast heard of me among many render service for God. Had they been witnesses, the same commit thou to educated from the beginning of their faithful men, who shall be able to teach religious experience to be true to their- others also." The instruction given to faith, fervent in piety, and in sympathy Timothy contains lessons to be learned with Christ's longing for the salvation by all the servants of Christ. Every one of souls, there would now be an army who anticipates engaging in the solemn of youth to enter missionary fields. work of the ministry should give heed Fathers And mothers, it is_your own lack _ to the apostle's charge to his son in the of godliness .. and_ devotion that_ has gospel as the latter was entering upon Yiroug6arelessneSSIErid ht —indifTereuee, his work : " Let no man despise thy intoyour liouseliOl4, and placed your, youth." Timothy might pursue so wise -Children:in the ranks of the enemy., a course that he would gain the confi- The Bible clearly reveals to us the dence of all with whom he should be shortness ortime, and those who have associated. The ground of this confi- genuine faith in the third angel's mes- dence the apostle specifies : " But be sage-will-show their faith by their works. thou an example of the believers, in They will endeavor to keep their chit-- ''THE YOUTH AS - MISSIONARY WORKERS. 285 dren separate from worldly influences, only tell them of the sacrifice which he and to give them such instruction and made for our redemption, of the love, training as will enable them to form humility, and self-denial manifested in characters that God can approve. The his life on earth, but we must show them meekness and simplicity of Christ are that this is the pattern which we are the very first lessons to be interwoven striving to follow. If we desire to en- -with the children's life. They should gage their hearts in the cause and work be taught to imitate the Saviour's exam- of God, we must teach them to sacrifice ple of self-denial and sacrifice. The for it. That which costs little we have reason why these precious lessons are no special interest in, but that in which not given to the children is that parents we have invested our means will claim themselves have not learned them. our interest and attention, and we shall They do not, bring Christ 'into their re- labor to make it a success. Parents, ligious experience. They are controlled make religion the vital, question of life. by worldly principles. Custom and Teach your children that every worldly fashion are followed far more closely consideration should be made secondary -than are the teachings of Christ. to their eternal interests. Had they lived in close connection, There is earnest work to be done in with Jesus, they would have realized this age, and parents should educate the worth of souls, and would have felt their children to share in it. The words a burden for those who have not the of Mordecai to Esther apply to the youth light of truth. The spirit of the third of to-day " Who knoweth whether angel's message would have led them to thou art come to the kingdom for such practice self-denial. But association a time as this ?" The youth should be with- unbelievers clouds their faith. gaining solidity of character, that they They lose sight of their responsibility as may be fitted for usefulness. the light of the world ; and in their Every youth should be impressed with dress, in•the arrangement of their houses, the fact that he is not his own ; that his in their style of living, they conform strength, his time, his talents, belong to to the world, and deprive the cause of God. It should be his chief purpose in God of the means which he has lent life to glorify God and to do good to his them to advance his work. The chil- fellow-men. The Bible teaches him dren imitate their parents. Pride and that he is a tree, on which fruit must be -worldiness are encouraged in them, the found ; a steward, whose capital will love of the truth grows cold in their increase as it As wisely improved; a hearts, and they are lost to the cause of light, whose bright beams are to illumin- ,God. ate the moral darkness that enshrouds Children will learn to love that which the earth. Every youth, every child, the parents love. Those who would has a work to do for God's glory and interest their sons and daughters in for the salvation of souls that are ready Bible truth, must themselves feel an to perish. interest in Bible truth and Bible study. God demands the improvement of if we desire our children to love and every faculty he has given to man. reverence God, we must talk of his Those who possess superior intellectual goodness, his majesty, and his power. powers are thus placed under greater If we would have them love and imitate responsibility, and if this gift is so per- the character of Christ, we must not verted as to make the possessor forget- 286 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. ful of God and his claims, if he employs should be established in the home, and it to lead the minds of others away should be held up before the children from God, he will have a fearful account as the rule of life. The statutes and to render in that day when every man commandments of God should be their shall receive according to his deeds. daily lesson. Every talent put to a wrong use is ett- Let parents examine themselves in- teil erery the books OF 'heaven. dividually, and answer to their own ---TreTigroii- is our only safeguard. conscience whether they are meeting Knowledge is power for good or for the requirements of God. Is the law evil, but it is only when balanced by of God taught in the home ? Is it made- religious principle that it is a power for the rule of the household? Has the good. To many, education means a truth taken possession of the souls, of knowledge of books; but "the fear of fathers and mothers, who stand in the the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." place of God to their children ? Is the- The true object of education is to restore wisdom which cometh from above- the image of God in the soul. The first sought daily in the family ? Are the- and most precious knowledge is the Holy Scriptures studied as the message knowledge of Christ, and wise parents of God to men ? will keep this fact ever before the minds Religion in the home means the- of their children. highest type of religion in the 'church;. If parents would prepare their children but this home piety is sadly deficient. to be useful in this life, and to enjoy Parents have been asleep. The work in the future life, they must educate them their homes has been neglected. To a to fear God and keep his command- great degree the children have moulded ments. They should feel that it is their the law of the household to suit their first and most important work to bring inclination, and parents have been con- their sons and daughters under the trolled by their unconverted children. control of God's holy law. It is not There is need of a religious revival in enough that they give instruction and every household in our land. Fathers'?, counsel showing the right way. They and mothers, it is a marvel in the sight should feel that it' is a solemn duty to of heaven that the souls of your children: restrain their children from entering are so little valued. Christ is grieved, forbidden paths. and Satan triumphs. The history of Eli was given that We have a message of warning to every parent might shun his error. the church. God says to you, " Be The example of Abraham was recorded zealous and repent." "I will come to show that God approves the exercise unto thee quickly, and will remove thy of a restraining influence in the family, candlestick out of his place, except thou and that the all-important work of repent." Precious time has been squan- fathers and mothers is to teach their dered in which you might have won children the way of the Lord. The souls to Christ,—souls that through God of heaven says of Abraham, "I your love of ease are now lost. Every know him, that he will command his member of the church should awake to children and his household after him, duty now. May God help you to take and they shall keep the way of the on the burden. Let the church-mem- Lord, to do justice and judgment." bers pray and fast and believe. Let God's great standard of righteousness the hearts of parents be turned to their LABORERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. 287 children, and the hearts of children to in Europe, we can truly say, "The har- their parents, "Lest I come," saith the vest is great, but the laborers are few." Lord, " and smite the earth with a We are encouraged.to see some taking curse." Your souls are in peril. Shall their stand upon the truth ; but how the Sun of Righteousness set, and leave little is being done in comparison with you enshrouded in the darkness of the great work before us. There are eternal night? hundreds of large cities that have not Great light and privileges were given yet been entered by the living preacher; to the Jewish nation, but their sin was but the silent messengers have been. in neglecting to improve these blessings. exerting their influence, and now the Great privileges are granted to those question arises, Shall these fields be whom God has made the depositaries entered? Angels of God are preparing of his law. These privileges are not ears to hear and hearts to receive the evidences of our piety, and do not com- warning. A deep longing is taking mend us to God; but they lay us under possession of the people, a desire for most solemn obligation to respond in light and truth which they have not. holiness of life to the benefits received. Many are calling for help, for some one Privileges abused will ever result in to open to them the. Scriptures. Europe corresponding darkness and judgment is stretching out her hands, and the from God. Macedonian cry comes to you across the But God never forsakes a people until broad waters, " Come over and help us." they first forsake him. " Return, thou The work here has advanced very backsliding Israel, saith the Lord ; and I slowly for want of workers and for will not cause my anger to fall upon want of means. My heart aches when you ; for I am merciful, saith the Lord, I think what ought to have been done and I will not keep anger forever.". in years gone by, and how far the work might now be advanced if the churches had been faithful to their trust. Had LABORERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. they done the work which God made it DEAR BRETIIREN AND SISTERS IN AMER- their duty to do, we should to-day see ICA : I am deeply 'exercised in regard thousands rejoicing in the truth, and to our present position, realizing how there would be light-bearers in all parts far down we are in prophetic history, of Europe. so near the close of time, and so much Among our people in America, there work undone that must be accomplished are very few of the different nationali- to prepare a people to stand in the ties who are bearing the burden of the great day of the Lord. The end of all work. There is a great lack of the things is at hand. Our time to work is missionary spirit among those who can short, and there is a world to be warned. labor in the German, the French, and There is need of more thorough mis- other languages. How can you who sionary work. The calls are urgent have received the truth, feel so little for more laborers, but where are the burden for those of your own tongue light-bearers ,to the world? God has in other countries ? Is your interest sent the truth to our doors, but are we selfishly shut up to your own family or doing all in our power to send it to the to your own church? God pity your dark corners of the earth? narrowness ! You should have that As we look over the vast field here undying zeal, that far-reaching love, that 288 BISTORICAL SKETCHES. encircles the world. There are hundreds those who have had the opportunity to of millions of men, women, and children become familiar with the reasons of who have never heard the truth, and our faith,, now use this knowledge to multitudes are constantly going down some purpose. to the grave without any sense of their Where are our youth ? Are they accountability to God. How can you earnestly seeking the Lord, endeavoring who repeat the Lord's prayer, " Thy to obtain a knowledge of the truth as kingdom come, thy will be done on it is in Jesus that they may become earth as it is in heaven," sit at ease in light-bearers to the world ? What is your homes without helping to carry the aim of those who are enjoying the the torch of truth to others ? How can advantages of our schools, of Bible lect- you lift up your hands before Gocr-and ures and the Sabbath-school? You who ask his blessing' upon yourselves and have precious opportunities and privi- your families when you are doing so leges, who are feasting upon the truth, little to help others ? what use are you making of these bless- When Jesus ascended to heaven he ings ? Are you seeking a preparation to committed his work on earth to those unite with Christ in his work ? Are you . vho had received the light of the gospel. obtaining a thorough knowledge of the They were to carry the work forward truth, that you may impart it to others? to 'completion. He. has provided no What our youth need now is the other agency for the ,promulgation of burden of the missionary work, which his truth; " Go ye into all the world, is the sure outgrowth of a soul truly and preach the gospel to every creat- converted. I would recount to them ure." • " And lo, I am with you alway, the sufferings, the sacrifices, the persist- even unto the end of the world." This ent and untiring labors of the Majesty solemn commission reaches us in this of heaven that he might save fallen man. age. God leaves with his church the Upon the cross of Calvary he paid the responsibility of receiving or rejecting it. redemption price for a world lost. It The Prince of life once came from was the world that he loved, the one heaven to, earth, for our sake to bear lost sheep that he would bring back to insult and mockery and death. Prep- his Father's fold. Would that you could aration is now being made in heaven appreciate the strength and fervor of for his reign in glory, and the message that divine compassion. must be proclaimed to all nations, Young friends, if you take hold of the- tongues, and peoples. Many seem to work right where you are at the present rest perfectly easy, as if heavenly mes- time, doing what you can, be sure that sengers were to come to earth to pro- you will have the help of Jesus. Begin claim in an audible voice the message the work by laboring for your compan- of warning; but while angels have ions. Ministers, or church-members ad- their work to do, we are to do ours in vanced in years, cannot have one-half opening the word of God to those who the influence over your young associates are in darkness. that you are capable of everting; and The heavenly messengers are doing you ought to feel that a responsibility their work ; but what are we doing ? rests upon you to do all you can for Brethren and sisters, God calls upon you their salvation. Those who have them- ( to redeem the time: Draw nigh to God. selves tasted the sweets of redeeming Stir up the gift that is within you. Let love, will not, cannot rest until all with LABORERS F0a FOREIGN SIONS. 289 whom they associate are made ac- three, should be fitted. to share the -quainted with the plan of salvation. Oh burden, so' that if one shall be called to that you would use your powers of another post of duty, others may be mind in seeking to so approach sinners prepared to supply his place. Provision that you may win them to the path of has not been made half as extensively righteousness as it should have been against any and The work of our missions in foreign every emergency. lands must be extended ; and if the Care should be exercised to select the converting power of God shall come to right men for teachers in the missionary our youth, we shall see them pressing schools. Young men who are them- into the ranks of the workers. Greater selves deficient in Christian experience effort should be made to afford them are not wanted. Our work is not to be facilities to prepare for labor in these done in a hap-hazard manner. Satan foreign fields. A fund should be raised is united with human agencies to take to be devoted to assisting those to pre- advantage of every mistake. Unclean pare for the work who will•give them- hands and unholy hearts cannot be in- selves unreservedly to God and his trusted with this sacred work. Those cause, and who will labor, not for large whose lips and hearts • have not been wages, but for the love of Christ, to save touched as with a live coal from off _souls for whom he died. In every mis- God's altar, should not be allowed to sion established there should be a connect themselves with his work—until ,school for the training of laborers. The they are converted. "Be ye clean that very best talent among the Germans, the bear the vessels of the Lord." French, and the Scandinavians should We need men who fear God, men be enlisted in the education of promis- who mean to learn, and who will labor ing young men and, women of the differ- with an eye single to his glory. The ent nationalities. And in all our edu- workers need to come closer to God cational institutions special facilities than they have done. They must have should be provided for the instruction his converting power upon the heart in and training of those who want to be- order that he may impart to them come :missionaries among their own wisdom and knowledge as he did to people in foreign' lands. Daniel, and make them channels of light In the office at Battle Creek, at Basle, to others. Let those who are to be and at Christiania, there is pressing need educators of others seek God daily for of translators in the different languages, this heavenly endowment, that the un- and the various branches of the work derstanding may be quick and clear, are crippled for the want of competent and that the beauty of holiness may be and experienced laborers. God-fearing revealed in the character. God will workers are wanted in our houses of help them if they seek him. Those publication, in our missions, and in our who have been under their instruction churches. There is need of persons may be presented before God ready to educated in the English, the French, do his work with thoroughness and the German, and the Scandinavian. fidelity. We want a hundred laborers where Our ideas are altogether too narrow. there is one. The heavy responsibilities God calls for continual advancement in should not rest alone upon any one man the work of diffusing light. We must in any branch of the work. Two or study improved ways and means of 290 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. reaching the people. We need to hear denunciation, " Thou wicked and. sloth= with ears of faith the mighty Captain of ful servant." the Lord's host saying, " Go forward." The interest and labors of the church We must act, and God will not fail us. must be extended more earnestly and He will do his part, when we in faith do decidedly to both home and foreign ours. Brethren and sisters who have missions. Those who have been suc- been long in the truth, you have not cessful in using their talents to secure done the work God calls upon you to earthly treasures should now employ do. Where is your love for souls ?- these capabilities to advance God's Error is prevailing everywhere. The cause and build up his kingdom. Their great adversary of souls is mustering tact and ability sanctified to, God, will his , forces. He is setting every device be accepted, and he will make it ef- in operation in order to confuse the fective in the grand work of turning minds of men with specious errors, and men from error to truth. There should thus destroy souls. Those with whom be deep heart-searching with our young God has intrusted the treasures of his men and women to see if they have not truth are to let the light shine amid the a work to do for the Master. There moral darkness. is a work to be accomplished which Seventh-day Adventists are making money cannot do. Destitute fields must progress, doubling their numbers, estab- be supplied with earnest laborers, with lishing missions, and unfurling the ban- those whose hearts are warm with the ner of truth in the dark places of the love of Christ and with love for souls. earth; and yet the work moves far more All who enter the missionary field will slowly than God would have it. The have hardships and trials to endure ; they members of the church are not individ- will find hard work, and plenty of it ually aroused to put forth the earnest but those of the right stamp of character effort they are capable of making, and will persevere under difficulties, discour- every branch of the work is crippled by agements, and privations, holding firmly the lack of fervent piety, and devoted, to the arm of the Lord. They will humble, God-fearing laborers. Where show a zeal that will not flag, a faith are the soldiers of the cross of Christ ? that will not yield, a resolution that Let the God-fearing, the honest, the will not weaken. They are doing no singIe-hearted, who look steadfastly to more than God requires, when they the glory of God, prepare themselves dedicate themselves, soul, body, and for the battle against error. There are spirit, to his service, becoming partak- too many faint, cowardly hearts in this ers with Christ in his sufferings. If they hour of spiritual conflict. Oh that out share his self-denial and cross-bearing, of weakness they may be made strong, they will be partakers also in his joy,-- and wax valiant in fight, and put to the joy of seeing souls saved through flight the armies of the aliens ! their instrumentality in the kingdom of There is a class that are represented glory. by Meroz. The missionary spirit has never taken hold of their souls. The calls of foreign missions have not stirred OUR DUTY TO THE MISSIONARY WORK. them to action. What account will THE members of the church are not those render to God, who are doing all called to labor in foreign lands, but nothing in his cause,—nothing to win all have a part to act in the great work souls to Christ ? Such will receive the of giving light to the world. The gospel OUR DUTY TO THE MISSIONARY WORK: 291 of Christ is aggressive and diffusive. In A close sympathy with Christ in his the day of God not one will be excused mission of love and mercy, would bring for having been shut up to his own the workers into sympathy with one selfish interests. There is work for every another, and there would be no disposi- mind and for every hand. There is a tion to cherish the evils, which, if in- variety of work, adapted to different dulged, are the curse of the churches. minds and varied capabilities. Every The jealousy and fault-finding, the heart- one who is connected with God will burnings, the envy and dissension, the- impart light to others. if there are any strife for the supremacy, would cease. who have no light to give, it is because The attention given to the work of sav- they have no connection with the Source ing souls would stimulate the workers of light. themselves to greater piety and purity. Ministers should not do the work There would be with them a unity of which belongs to the church, thus wea- purpose, and the salvation of the soul rying themselves, and preventing oth- would be felt to be of so great im- ers from performing their duty. They portance that all little differences would should teach the members how to labor be lost sight of. in the church and in the community. Brethren and sisters in the faith, does There is work for all to do in their own the question arise in your hearts, " Ant borders, to build up the church, to make I my brother's keeper ?" If you claim the social meetings interesting, and to to be children of God, you are your train the youth of ability to become brother's keeper. The Lord holds the missionaries. All should cultivate spir- church responsible for the souls of those ituality and self-sacrifice, and by their whom they might be the means of say- means and their earnest prayers assist jug. He has intrusted you with sacred those who enter new and difficult fields. truth ; Christ abiding in the individual They should co-operate actively with members of the church is a well of the minister in his labors, making the water springing up into everlasting life.. section of country around them their You are guilty before God if you do not field of missionary effort ; and the larger make every effort possible to dispense churches should labor to build up and this living water to others. Men are'`'N encourage those that are weak or few perishing ;close by your, own, doors, \ in numbers. while they hew out to themselves broken This work has been neglected. Is it cisterns that hold no water. Heaven is any marvel that God does not visit the indignant at the ease of men and women churches with greater manifestations of in Zion, while souls are going down to his power, when so large a number are ruin in their ignorance and their sins. shut in to themselves, engrossed in their If the members of the church were to own interests? It is thus that their see themselves as God sees them, they piety becomes tame and weak, and they would be overwhelmed with self-re- grow bigoted and self-caring. It is in proach. They could not endure to look working for,_ others that they will keep their responsibilities and delinquencies,' their 'Own souls alive. If they will be- in the face. come co-laborers with Jesus, we shall If we indeed have the truth for these see the light in our churches steadily last days, it must be carried to every burning brighter and brighter, sending nation, kindred, tongue, and people. forth its rays to penetrate the darkness Ere long the living and the dead are 'to beyond their own borders. be judged according to the deeds done 292 HISTORICAL SKETCHES. in the body, and the law of God is the money, show yourselves faithful to your standard by which they are to be tested. trust ; unwrap your napkin, and send Then they must now be warned; God's your talents to the exchangers, that Holy law must be vindicated, and held when Christ shall come, he may receive up before them as a mirror. To accom- his own with interest. In the last ex- plish this work, means is needed. I tremity, before this work shall cloSe, know that times are hard, money is not thousands will be cheerfully laid upon the plenty; but the truth must be spread, altar. Men and women will feel it a and money to spread it must be placed blessed privilege to share in the work in the treasury. of preparing souls to stand in the great Many are trembling with fear because day of God, and they will give hundreds the work moves faster than their slow as readily as dollars are given now. If 'faith, and because means is expended the love of Christ were burning in the more rapidly than it comes into the hearts of his professed people, we would treasury; and yet we have taken only see the same spirit manifested to-day. the first few steps in advance. Our Did they but realize how near is the end message is world-wide ; yet many are of all work for the salvation of souls, doing literally nothing, many more so they would sacrifice their possessions very little, with so great a want of faith, as freely as did the members of the that it is next to nothing. Shall we early church. They would work for abandon the fields we have already the advancement of God's cause as opened in foreign countries ? Shall we earnestly as worldly men labor to ac- drop part of the work in our home quire riches. Tact and skill would be missions? Shall we grow pale at a exercised, and earnest and unselfish debt of a few thousand dollars ? Shall labor put forth to acquire means,' not we falter and become laggards now, in to hoard, but to pour into the treasury, the very last scenes of this earth's his- of the Lord. tory ? My heart says, No, no. I cannot What if some become poor in invest- contemplate this question without a ing their means in the work? Christ burning zeal to have the work go. We for your sakes became poor; but you would not deny our faith, we would not are securing for yourselves eternal deny Christ, yet we shall do this unless riches, a treasure in heaven that faileth we move forward as the providence of not. Your means is far safer there God opens the way. than if deposited in the bank, or in- The work must not stop for want of vested in houses and lands. It is laid means. More means must be invested up in bags that wax not old. No thief in it. Brethren in America, in the name can approach it, no fire consume it. of my Master I bid you wake up ! You Some have selfishly retained their that are placing your talents of means means during their life-time, trusting to in a napkin, and hiding them in the make up for their neglect by remember- earth, who are building houses and ing the cause in their wills ; but not one- adding land to land, God calls upon you, half the means thus bestowed in legacies " Sell that ye have, and give alms." ever comes to the objects specified. There is a time coming when command- Brethren and sisters, invest in the bank ment-keepers - can neither buy nor sell. of heaven yourselves, and do not leave Make haste to dig out your buried tal- your stewardship upon another. ents. If God has intrusted you with In obeying the Saviour's injunction, OUR DUTY TO THE MISSIONARY WORK. 29, our example will preach louder than been devoted to the cause of God, there words. The highest display of the would be no empty treasuries, and mis- power of truth is seen when those who sions could be established in all parts of profess to believe it give evidence of the world. their faith by their works. Those who Let the members of the church now believe this solemn truth should possess put away their pride and lay off their such a spirit of self-sacrifice as will- ornaments. Each should keep a mission- rebuke the worldly ambition of the ary box at hand, and drop into it every money-worshiper. penny he is tempted to waste in self- My soul is burdened as I look over indulgence. But something more must the destitute fields here in Europe, and be done than merely to dispense with see the poverty of many, and the diffi- superfluities. Self-denial must be 'prac- culties they must meet in keeping the ticed. Some of our comfortable and Sabbath, and then think how the way desirable things must be sacrificed. to reach souls is blocked up for want of The preachers must sharpen up their means. The Lord has made provision message, not merely assailing self-indul- that all may be reached by the message gence and pride in dress, but presenting of, truth, but the means placed in the Jesus, his life of self-denial and, sacrifice. hands of his stewards for this very Let love, piety, and faith be cherished purpose has been selfishly devoted to in the heart, and the precious fruits their own gratification. How much has will appear in the life. been thoughtlessly wasted by our youth, In many cases -means which should spent for self-indulgence and display, be devoted to the missionary work is for that which they would have been diverted into other channels, from mis- just as happy without. Every dollar taken ideas of benevolence. We may which we possess is the Lord's. Instead err in making gifts to the poor which of spending means for needless things, are not a blessing to them, leading them we should invest it in answering the to feel that they need not exert them- calls of missionary work. selves and practice economy,, for others As new fields are opened, the calls will not permit them to suffer. We for means are constantly increasing. If should not give countenance to indo- ever we needed to exercise economy it lence, or encourage habits of self-grati- is now. All who labor in the cause fication by affording means for indul- should realize the importance of closely gence. While the worthy poor are not following the Saviour's example of self- to be neglected, all should be taught, so denial and economy. They should see far as possible, to help themselves. The in the means they handle a trust which salvation of souls is the burden of our God has committed to them, and they work. It was for this that Christ made should feel under obligation to exercise the great sacrifice, and it is this that. tact and financial ability in the use of specially demands our beneficence. their Lord's money. Every penny should We shall be brought into strait places be carefully treasured. A cent seems in our work. Trials will come. God like a trifle, but a hundred cents make will test the strength, of our faith ; he- a dollar, and rightly spent may be the will prove us to see if we will trust him means of saving a soul from death. If under difficulties. The silver and gold all the means which has been wasted by are the Lord's, and when his stewards- our own people in self-gratification had have done their duty fully, and can do, 294 HISTORICAL.SKETCHES.

no more, they are not to sit down at faith and entreaties. Brethren, move ease, let things take their course, and high heaven with your prayers for God let the missionary work come to a stand- to work with 'the efforts of his servants. still. It is then that they should cry to We need to cry to God as did Jacob latl ztv- God for help. Let those who have faith for a fuller baptism of the Holy Spirit. seek the Lord earnestly, remembering The time for labor is short. Let there that "the kingdom of heaven suffereth be much praying. Let the soul yearn ic violence, and the violent take it by after God. Let the secret places of force." prayer be often visited. Let there be a There are those in the church who taking hold of the strength of the Mighty have with open hand and heart come One of Israel. Let the ministers walk "1 forward to the work hitherto, and they humbly before the Lord, weeping be- r4, will not be behind now. We have con- tween the porch and the altar, and cry- '*"...%; fidence in their integrity. But the of- ing, " Spare thy people, 0 Lord, and " ferings of the church have been in give not thine heritage to reproach." many instances more numerous than Let none indulge the thought that We her prayers. The missionary movement have attempted too much. No, no ; we is far in advance of the missionary have attempted too little. ,The work €1 spirit. Earnest prayers have not, like which we are now doing ought to have sharp sickles, followed the workers into been done years ago. Our plans must the harvest field. It is true there is an enlarge, our operations must be ex- interest to see success attend the efforts tended. What is needed now is a to unfurl the banner of truth in foreign church whose individual members shall lands, but there has been a lack of be awake and active to do all that it is heartfelt sympathy with the laborers, possible for them to accomplish. and real burden of soul that the means We are not left alone in this, work. invested may do its work. We are laborers together with God, in This is the ground of our difficulties ; partnership with divine resources. The this is the reason for the pressure for Lord has agencies that he' will put in means. The people must be called to operation in answer to the importunate reflection. There must be a, spiritual prayer of faith. He will fulfill his word, awakening. They must have a per- " Lo, I am with you alway, even unto sonal interest, a burden of soul, to watch. the end of the world." The Captain of ,„ and pray for the success of the work. our salvation is on every field of battle Let every one who gives of his means, where truth is waging war against also send up his prayers daily that it error. The truth which we profess may bring souls to the foot of the cross. offers the highest encouragement to the In every church there should be stated most devoted self-denial and persevering seasons for united prayer for the ad- effort that mortal energies can bestow. vancement of this work. Let all be We should have the courage of heroes, united, having a specific object for their and. the faith of martyrs.

RAIL. e c 1 CATALOGUE OTT GERMAN PUBLICATIOIS

:S27E1) ST =TER:UT:013.IL Tn.arraT GESELLSCIUST, BLSLE, SitiTZZELL1110, 21113 EZIriZir Pc ZEZZ.1.14 B.LTTLE ondz, NiICZIGar. THOUGHTS ON DANIEL AND THE REVELATION. THE END OF THE WICKED. (Das Ende der (Gedanken fiber Daniel unddie Offenbarung.) By Uriah Gottlosen.) Exposing the gross errors existing on this Smith. A critical and practical exposition of the books subject, and setting forth the true Bible doctrine. of Daniel and the Apocalypse, verse by verse. THE LOST-TIME- QUESTION. (Ging Zeit verloren ?) (Sold by subscription only.) THE OLD AND THE NEW COVENANT. (Der alte THE HISTORY OF THE SABBATH. (Geschichte und der neue Bund.) Showing the relation between them. des Sabbaths.) By J. N. Andrews. First volume. Con- taining a thorough and fair consideration of this impor- THE FIRST ANGEL'S MESSAGE. (Die erste Engels- taut question from the Bible stand-point. To all who desire botschaft.) to study the Sabbath and Sunday question this work is THE SECOND ANGEL'S MESSAGE. (Die zweite invaluable. First Part, Biblical History. 176 pp. 40 cts. Engelsbotschaft.) Second Part, Secular History. (In press.) 60 etc. THE MILLENNIUM. (Das tausendjiihrige Reich ) SYNOPSIS OF THE PRESENT TRUTH. (Ueber- Showing what the Bible teaches as to the time and sicht der gegenwnrtigen Wahrheit.) By Uriah Smith. nature of this period. Ahrief exposition of the views of Seventh-day Adventists. WINE AND THE BIBLE. (Der Wein und die 1 e5.) This work gives a careful explanation of over thirty im- A temperance argument showing that there are portant Bible subjects. Bound in muslin, $1.00 kinds of wine spoken of in the Bible. THE MARVEL OF NATIONS. (Das Wunder der Nationen.) By Uriah Smith. Giving a brief but com- Two-Cent Tracts. prehensive view of the United States from a historical, THE TWO LAWS. (Die zwei Gesetze.) Shows the political, and religious stand-point. $1.00 difference between the ceremonial and the moral law. THE MINISTRATION OF ANGELS. (Der Dienst der THE JUDGMENT. (Das Gerieht.) An explanation Engel.) By D, M. Canright. Treating in a most inter- of the vision of Dan. 7. esting manner this much neglected but important sub- THE SABBATH IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Der ject, and giving an exposition of the origin, history, and Sabbath MI Neuen Testament.) destiny of Satan. 144 pages. 20 cts. THE LAW AND THE GOSPEL. (Das Gesetz und THE NATURE AND OBLIGATION OF THE SAB- das Evangelium.) Showing the relation of the one to BATH. (Das Wesen des Sabbaths und unsere Verpflich- the other. Jung gegen ihn nach dem vierten Gebote.) By J. H. Waggoner. This pamphlet contains a brief sketch of DEPARTING AND BEING WITH CHRIST. (Ich the Sabbath from the creation till the end of time. 10 cts. habe Lust abzuscheiden, und bei Christ() zu sein.) BIBLE LESSONS FOR THE LITTLE ONES. (Bi- SEVEN REASONS FOR SUNDAY-KEEPING. (Sie- blischer Unterricht fur unsere Kieinen.) Numbers One ben Grunde den Sonntag zu halten.) and Two. Very useful books for home and Sabbath- THE SABBATH OF THE LORD. (Der Sabbath des school instruction. In flexible cloth. Each, 15 ets. Herm.) An examination of the prophecies of the Old BIBLE SANCTIFICATION. (Die Biblische Heili- Testament regarding the Sabbath. gung.) It contrasts the true and the false theories THE SANCTUARY. (Das Heiligthum der Bibel.) about sanctification. 10 cts. THE DEFINITE SEVENTH DAY. (Der bestimmte SHALL WE KEEP SATURDAY, OR SUNDAY? siebente Tag.) A short treatise on the Sabbath question. (Sollen wir den Samstag oder den Sonntag feiern?) THE SPIRIT OF PROPHECY. (Der Geist der Weis- By U. Smith. This pamphlet refutes the most common sagung.) An argument on the perpetuity of spiritual gifts. errors of the Sunday Christians. THE SECOND ADVENT. (Das zweite Kommen One-Cent Tracts. Christi.) A brief explanation of Matthew 24. 3 cts. WITHOUT EXCUSE. (Ohne Entschuldingung.) THE SUFFERINGS OF CHRIST. (Die Leiden Chri- WHICH DAY? AND WHY? (Welchen Tag feierst sti.) By Mrs. E. G. White. The author portrays in a striking manner the infinite sacrifice and sufferings of du und warum ?) Christ for the human race. Illustrated edition, 10 cts. WHY NOT FOUND OUT BEFORE? (Warum ist In tract form, 4 cts. solches nicht, etc.) SPIRITUALISM A SATANIC DELUSION. (Der IS MAN IMMORTAL ? (Fragen fiber die Unsterblich- Spiritismus eine satanische Tauschung.) S cts, keit.) 100 BIBLE FACTS. (100 Biblische Thatsachen.) Four-Cent Tracts. Gives Bible testimony and plain facts about the Sab- THE THIRD ANGEL'S MESSAGE. (Die dritte En- bath and Sundity. gelsbotschaft.) Explains the symbols of Rev. 13 and 14. BRIEF THOUGHTS. (Betrachtungen fiber die Seele.) THE PRESENT TRUTH. (Die gegenwartige Wahr- Considers the nature of the human soul, and how im- belt.) Proves from the Bible that the end is near. mortality can be obtained. SEVENTH PART OF TIME THEORY. (Der Sab- THE CHRISTIAN SABBATH. (Der christliche Sab- bath ale siebenter Theil der Zeit.) bath.) Shall we keep Sunday or Saturday, and why? THE TWO THRONES. (Die zwei Throne.) Rep- PERFECTION OF THE TEN COMMANDMENTS. resenting the Kingdom of Grace and the Kingdom of (Vollkommenheit der zehn Gebote.) Glory. THE SLEEP OF THE DEAD. (Der &lief der SCRIPTURE REFERENCES. (Biblische Nachweise.) Todten.) Containing a careful compilation of proof-texts on IS THE END NEAR? (Ist das Ende nahe?) twenty-five prominent Bible subjects. CAN WE KNOW? (Konnen wir es wissen?) Shows BIBLE CONVERSION. (Biblische Bekehrung.) that we are not at all in darkness about the time of the PROGRESS AND PRINCIPLES OF SEVENTH- second advent of our Lord. DAYADVENTISTS. (Entstehung,Verbreitung und Glau- THE SINNER'S FATE. (Das Schicksal des Sunders.) betislehren der A dventisten corn Siebenten Tage.) Gives Treats the question of the endless punishment or final a historical and doctrinal outline of this people. annihilation of the wicked. Three-Cent Tracts. SUNDAY NOT THE SABBATH. (Der Sonntag nicht WHO CHANGED THE SABBATH? (Wei. hat den der Sabbath.) Sabbath verandert ?) WHAT THE GOSPEL ABROGATED. (Wits hat das SIGNS OF THE TIMES. (Die Zeichen der Zeit.) Evangelium abgeschafft?)

)11IGATIQj.44

03817th BY Fins= revrawriE, sista: etrritztatit; LIM .2r:=78 411,1iLD; • BATTLE CEEZZ,LICEIGL17. • • BOUND VOLUMES OF LES SIGNES DES TEMPS, • .Four-Cent 'Tracts, • from 187848843, in km books, half morocco bound. Vole. 1.-4 in one book, 85.00 • THE SECOND ADVENT. ;Le Second 47tinencent.• • 8110 The object, nearoess, 'and manner of 'Clirie.its ,second, ••• • u _ 9 . u • $4.25 • coming. - " .10 • semi-monthly, $2.25 THE SEVENTH PART OF TIME. OR ONE DAY•t.;:. In these ten volames of Les Sigoes, the reader will IN SEVEN'. (La septieme Partie dit tamps, ou un JeDri?' End the most complete exposition of the views and teach- sur sept.) Showini that this theory is inconsistent ings ofahe Seventh-day Adventists to be obtained in the the text Of the law, with reason, and :willinsociato French language. THE TWO THRONES:: HIST0117. 01- THE SABBATH. (Histoire tin Sabbat.) seating the Kingdom 'of Grace and the 1Ditédáti. . Fi rsi. litY J. N. Andrews. &complete. faithful, and , THE BIBLE SABBATH. '• 44;Sabblit4ta thov.,iigh history. of the Sabbath, from the origin of our •THE THIRD ANGEL'S, (7-i: • wevid' down to the time. of Christ and the 4ppstles,.and Message.) 'An explanation'of the Symbols afar . trfthe close of the Bible record. 178 pp, 40 cis. 18 and 14, and a solemn .warning Coneerning•the Part Second, which will soon be issued, continuos the great conflict.