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Praehistoria PRAEHISTORIA Volume 9–10 Edited by Árpád Ringer Miskolc 2008–2009 The publication of this volume was supported by the following institutions: The Council of the City of Miskolc The University of Miskolc A Tudomány Támogatásáért Észak-Magyarországon Alapítvány Front cover illustration: The face of a Neanderthal child from Suba-lyuk Cave, Hungarian Natural History Museum. Reconstruction and photograph by Gy. Skultéty. The cleft of the Bársony house found in 1891, Hungarian National Museum. Photograph by G. Kulcsár. Back cover illustration: Photo of Ottokár Kadić Székely K. (szerk.): Kadić Ottokár a magyar barlangkutatás atyja – Önéletrajz Budapest, Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet, 2010, p. 6. HU ISSN 1586-7811 Prof. Dr. Gyula Patkó Rector of the University of Miskolc bears full responsibility for the publication. 2008–2009 Published by the Archaeolingua Foundation & Publishing House on behalf of the Department of Prehistory and Ancient History, University of Miskolc, in collaboration with the Herman Ottó Museum and the Miskolc Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. © ARCHAEOLINGUA Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, digitised, photo copying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. ARCHAEOLINGUA ALAPÍTVÁNY H-1014 Budapest, Úri u. 49. Word processing, desktop editing and layout: Rita Kovács and Zsolt Mester Cover design: Erzsébet Jerem and Gergely Hős Printed by: Prime Rate, Budapest CONTENTS Editorial Preface ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Szeleta Workshop – Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Excavation at Szeleta Cave October 12–15 2007. Miskolc ......................................................................................................... 7 György LENGYEL, Péter SZOLYÁK & Martina PACHER Szeleta Cave Earliest Occupation Reconsidered ............................................................................. 9 Árpád RINGER Nouvelles données sur le Szélétien de Bükk ................................................................................. 21 William DAVIES & Robert HEDGES Dating a Type Site: Fitting Szeleta Cave into Its Regional Chronometric Context ....................... 35 Zdeňka NERUDOVÁ The Technology of the Szeletian Lithic Industry in the Context of Moravian EUP Cultures ....... 47 Martin OLIVA Questions du Szélétien supérieur en Moravie ............................................................................... 61 Viola T. DOBOSI Leaf Points in non-Szeletian Context ............................................................................................ 71 Zsolt MESTER Les outils foliacés de la grotte Jankovich : la renaissance d’un problème ancien ......................... 81 Jürgen RICHTER The Role of Leaf Points in the Late Middle Palaeolithic of Germany .......................................... 99 Agnès LAMOTTE, Gilles HUGUENIN, Georges WILLEMAN, Philippe DUPAS & Jean-Michel PIROT Les stations de plein air à outils foliacés dans l’Est de la France ................................................. 115 Petr NERUDA Moravia during OIS 3: Cultural Relations ................................................................................... 125 Yuri E. DEMIDENKO East European Aurignacian and Its Early / Archaic Industry of Krems-Dufour Type in the Great North Black Sea Region .......................................................................................... 149 András MARKÓ Raw Material Use at the Middle Palaeolithic Site of Vanyarc (Northern Hungary) ................... 183 Josip KOBAL’ The Pioneer of Subcarpathian Palaeolithic Research .................................................................. 195 Árpád RINGER & György LENGYEL The Upper Palaeolithic Site at Budapest Corvin-tér .................................................................... 205 Péter SZOLYÁK New Radiocarbon Data with Stratigraphical, Climatic and Archaeological Contexts to the Palaeolithic Assemblage of the Herman Ottó Cave, Miskolc-Alsóhámor, Northeast Hungary .......................................... 213 Péter SZOLYÁK Upper Palaeolithic Blade Cores and Flake Cores from the Herman Ottó Cave, Miskolc-Alsóhámor, Northeast Hungary ..................................................................................... 225 György LENGYEL Radiocarbon Dates of the “Gravettian Entity” in Hungary ......................................................... 241 Dietrich MANIA Gravettien zwischen Elbe und Thüringer Wald ........................................................................... 265 Vasile CHIRICA, Madalin-Cornel VALEANU & Codrin-Valentin CHIRICA L’image de la femme dans l’art et les religions prehistoriques: l’orante .................................... 307 László G. JÓZSA Depicted Obesity and Steatopygia on Paleolithic Statues ........................................................... 333 Book Review ...................................................................................................................................... 341 PRAEHISTORIA vol. 9–10 (2008–2009) THE ROLE OF LEAF POINTS IN THE LATE MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC OF GERMANY Jürgen RICHTER* Abstract Central European Middle Palaeolithic leafpoints are usually seen as elements of one large cultural complex. The present paper informs about chronological problems and regional differences, based on data from the most important leafpoint sites, Mauern and Ranis. In Germany leafpoints occur as occasional elements of the Central European Micoquian/M.M.O. (i.e. Mousterian with Micoquian Option) throughout the whole period of the M.M.O. (ca. 60.000 B.P.–38.000 uncal. B.P.). Moreover, in the fi nal Micoquian/M.M.O.-there seems to have been a tendency towards larger and more perfectly shaped leafpoints. This has been used to forward the term “Altmuehlgruppe” which should now be rejected as a term labelling a distinct cultural unit. In Eastern Germany another kind of leafpoints, known as Jerzmanovice points, occurred at the same time, indicating a development of two distinct cultural units (M.M.O.-C and Jerzmanovician) dividing an area which had previously belonged together within the limits of the distribution of Micoquian/M.M.O. sites. Because of the occurrence of Jerzmanovice points which correspond to those from Poland, also the term “Ranisian” should not be used for German leafpoint assemblages. Through the comprehensive study by G. no attested association between one or the other Freund it had become clear that Central human kind and German leafpoint industries. European leafpoints occurred during the Middle Palaeolithic, not in the Upper Paleolithic as In Germany there are only very few stratifi ed sites in Western Europe (“Solutrean”). G. Freund which yielded Middle Palaeolithic leafpoints. named the Central European Middle Palaeolithic The Weinberghöhlen near Mauern/Bavaria and leafpoint assemblages “Pre-Solutrean”, and Ranis Cave underneath Ranis Castle/Thüringen G. Bosinski labelled the same industries as both delivered abundant numbers of leafpoints, “Altmühlgruppe” (“Altmuehlian”), thus using other sites, such as Sesselfelsgrotte, yielded only a term which had originally been coined by a few pieces but provide important information Bohmers after the Altmühl River, a Bavarian on leafpoint stratigraphy (Fig. 1). tributary to the Danube River. Most authors since understood the Altmuehlian as one of The Weinberghöhlen stratigraphy at several Western Central European branches or Mauern/Bavaria neighbours of the Szeletian. The Szeletian and all of its regional variants are currently seen The Weinberg group of caves is situated in the as Late Middle Palaeolithic or “transitional” Wellheim dry valley near Mauern, a village cultural phenomena. not far from Neuburg/Bavaria. The Wellheim dry valley is part of an old riverbed of the Pre- Because they are dated to the very end of Eemian Danube, leaving the present bed of the the Middle Palaeolithic, those industries are Danube in a northerly direction, then joining the regularly involved in the discussion concerning lower Altmuehl Valley to return to the main bed the anthropological transition between of the Danube River. Weinberg and its caves Neanderthal Man and Homo sapiens sapiens at are part of the jurassic limestone plateau of about 40.000 B.P. Presently, however, there is Southern Franconia. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– * Universität zu Köln, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Weyertal 125, D-50923 Köln. 99 Jürgen Richter Fig. 1. Central Europe with Micoquian/M.M.O. sites and late Late Middle Palaeolithic Blattspitzen sites (except isolated surface fi nds). The caves were excavated in 1935 by Seitz and Nowadays, as the early Weichselian interstadials Eckstein, in 1937 by R.R. Schmidt, in 1937–1938 (OIS 5c and OIS 5a) have turned out to have by A. Bohmers, in 1947–1949 by L.F. Zotz and been widely forested and of moderate climate, in 1967 by H. Müller-Beck (Koenigswald et al., the glacial fauna of Zone 5 (Micoquian) would eds., 1974). Under a Holocene deposit a loess rather suggest an OIS 3 age for the lower part of layer (Zone 1) was uncovered, followed further the Weinberghöhlen stratigraphy. If compared below by a redeposited soil horizon (Zone 2), to the similar but more complete stratigraphic limestone rubbles with loess (Zone 3) and a sequence at the nearby Sesselfelsgrotte, an early sequence
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