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Law and Employment a National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report Law and Employment A National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report National Bureau of Economic Research Productivity Commission, Australia Korea Development Institute Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research Tokyo Center for Economic Research Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Law and Employment Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean Edited by James J. Heckman and Carmen Pagés The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London J J. H is the Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Pro- fessor of Economics and of Social Sciences and director of the Eco- nomics Research Center and the Center for Social Program Evaluation at the University of Chicago, and a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2000. C P is a senior research economist in the research department of the Inter-American Development Bank. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2004 by the National Bureau of Economic Research All rights reserved. Published 2004 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 12345 ISBN: 0-226-32282-3 (cloth) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Law and employment : lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean / edited by James Heckman and Carmen Pagés. p. cm. — (NBER conference report) ISBN 0-226-32282-3 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Labor market—Latin America. 2. Labor market—Caribbean Area. 3. Labor laws and legislation—Latin America. 4. Labor laws and legislation—Caribbean Area. I. Heckman, James J. (James Joseph) II. Pagés, Carmen. III. Series. HB5730.5.A6L38 2004 331.1′098—dc22 2004047874 o The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. National Bureau of Economic Research Officers Michael H. Moskow, chairman Robert Mednick, treasurer Elizabeth E. Bailey, vice-chairman Kelly Horak, controller and assistant Martin Feldstein, president and chief corporate secretary executive officer Gerardine Johnson, assistant corporate Susan Colligan, vice president for secretary administration and budget and corporate secretary Directors at Large Peter C. Aldrich Martin Feldstein Laurence H. Meyer Elizabeth E. Bailey Jacob A. Frenkel Michael H. Moskow John H. Biggs Judith M. Gueron Alicia H. Munnell Andrew Brimmer Robert S. Hamada Rudolph A. Oswald John S. Clarkeson George Hatsopoulos Robert T. Parry Don R. Conlan Karen N. Horn Richard N. Rosett George C. Eads Judy C. Lewent Marina v. N. Whitman Jessica P. Einhorn John Lipsky Martin B. Zimmerman Directors by University Appointment George Akerlof, California, Berkeley Marjorie B. McElroy, Duke Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia Joel Mokyr, Northwestern Ray C. 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Christ Paul W. McCracken Eli Shapiro Lawrence R. Klein Peter G. Peterson Franklin A. Lindsay Bert Seidman Since this volume is a record of conference proceedings, it has been exempted from the rules governing critical review of manuscripts by the Board of Directors of the National Bureau (resolution adopted 8 June 1948, as revised 21 November 1949 and 20 April 1968). Relation of the Directors to the Work and Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research 1. The object of the NBER is to ascertain and present to the economics profession, and to the public more generally, important economic facts and their interpretation in a scientific manner without policy recommendations. The Board of Directors is charged with the respon- sibility of ensuring that the work of the NBER is carried on in strict conformity with this ob- ject. 2. The President shall establish an internal review process to ensure that book manuscripts proposed for publication DO NOT contain policy recommendations. 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