Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

2018 Star Reviewers for Urologic Oncology

While the value of any medical journal depends upon the Sabine Brookman-May, Ph.D., M.D. quality of manuscripts received, the backbone of a journal’s LMU Munich, Dept. of Urology, Munich, Germany success is created by those who review manuscripts, iden- Clint Cary, M.D., M.P.H. tify problematic issues, make critical suggestions for Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, improvement, and assist the journal’s editors in deciding on Indiana, United States a manuscript’s disposition. This is no small task, and all too Edmund Chiong, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., F.R.C.S.Ed, F.R.C.S.I, F.A.M.S often it may feel thankless. Urology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore By acknowledging those reviewers whom our editors Nicholas Cost, M.D. have identified as “Star Reviewers,” Urologic Oncology Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of seeks to underscore the outstanding work that these Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States reviewers have done for the Journal over the course of this Chendil Damodaran, Ph.D. past year. We also wish to identify and thank all reviewers Urology, Univiersity of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States for their excellent work and contributions in 2018. The Alexander Glaser, M.D. April 2019 issue of Urologic Oncology will therefore con- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, tinue its tradition of recognizing its reviewers such that all United States of our 2018 Reviewers and the Editors’ “Star Reviewers” Michael Gorin, M.D. will be formally acknowledged in the Journal with deep The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Depart- ment of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine gratitude. Maximilien Goris Gbenou, M.D. By providing your expertise, perspectives, knowledge, Urology, Centre Hospitalier de Valence, Valence, 26000, and insight, you − our reviewers − help immeasurably to Belgium enhance the value of Urologic Oncology to the readership Gabriel Haas, MD, F.A.C.S. as well as to those who contribute their work to the Journal. Medical Affairs-global, Astellas Pharma lobal Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, United States In this, simple words cannot adequately express the grati- Marie Hupe, M.D. tude that I and my co-Editors deeply feel. Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig- So, simply said, a big THANK YOU from us all. Holstein Campus Luebeck, Lubeck,€ Germany The Editors and Publisher of Urologic Oncology: Zachary Klaassen, M.D. Seminars and Original Investigations, Division of Urology, Medical College of Georgia - Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States Star Reviewers, 2018 Sarrah Lahorewala, United States Parth Modi, M.D., M.S. Takashige Abe, M.D./Ph.D. Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate United States School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan William Parker, M.D. Safiye Aktas, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Izmir, Turkey KS, United States Aditya Bagrodia, M.D. Jose A Pedrosa, M.D. Urology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States Urology, Department of Urology, Indiana University, Mark Ball, M.D. Indianapolis, IN, United States Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Debasish Sundi, M.D. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Urology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Luca Boeri, M.D. OH Department of Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Gang Wang, M.D, Ph.D Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Pathology, BC Cancer Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Italy Columbia, Canada

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.02.016 230 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Stephen Williams, M.D. Stefanos Adamis, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Athens, Greece TX, United States Mehrad Adibi, Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Nassau Bay, All Reviewers, 2018 United States Julieta Afonso, Cory Abate-Shen Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Columbia University, Department of Urology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal New York, United States Neeraj Agarwal, M.D. Ronney Abaza, M.D., F.A.C.S. Internal Medicine/Medical Oncology, Huntsman Ohio State University Medical Center & Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, City, UT, United States United States Piyush Agarwal, M.D. Phillip Abbosh, M.D., Ph.D. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic oncology, Fox Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States Vivek Agarwala, M.D., D.M. Rania Abd-Ellatif, Ph.D. Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, India Egypt Rahul Aggarwal, M.D. Aziza Abdelrahman, Ph.D., M.D. Hematology/Oncology, University of California San pathology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Zagazig, Egypt Nnenaya Agochukwu, M.D. Hamidreza Abdi, M.D. Urology, Yale New Haven Hospital/Yale School Of Urology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Firas Abdollah Faik, M.D. Vinita Agrawal, M.D. Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health Pathology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India System, Detroit, MI, United States Nariman Ahmadi, M.B.B.S., M.S., F.R.A.C.S. E Jason Abel, M.D. Urology, Chris O’brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Houston, United States NSW, Australia E. Jason Abel, M.D. Hashim Ahmed, Ph.D., F.R.C.S. (Urol), B.M., B.Ch. Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin (Oxon), B.A. (Hons) School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, Imperial College London, Division of Surgery, Lon- United States don, United Kingdom Michael Abern, M.D. Khalil Ahmed, Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Lab Med Path, University of Minnesota and Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States MVAHCS, Minneapolis, MN, United Kingdom Aiysha Abid, Ph.D. Hanjong Ahn, M.D., Ph.D. Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Karachi, Pakistan Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Hassan Abol-Enein, M.D., Ph.D. Republic of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Sadia Ajaz, Ph.D. Dakahlia, Egypt University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Robert Abouassaly, M.D. Hideyuki Akaza, M.D. Urologic Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Japan Medical Center, Cleveland, United States Bulent Akdogan, M.D. Mohammad Abufaraj, M.D. Urology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Ankara, Turkey vienna, Austria Haluk Akin, Prof.Dr. M.D. Naveen Acharya, Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Urology, Pgimer, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India Izmir, Turkey Liana Adam, M.D., Ph.D. Yigit Akin, M.D. Urology, UT MD Anderson CC, Houston, Texas, Department of Urology, Izmir Katip Celebi Univer- United States sity School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey Przemyslaw Adamczyk, M.D., Ph.D. Ashraf Al Matar, Department of general anf oncologic urology, Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Hofuf, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Torun, Poland Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 231

Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, M.D. Magdy Aly, Ph.D. Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, New York, NY, United States Beni-Suef, Egypt Ridwan Alam, M.D., M.P.H. Ruihua An, Ph.D., M.D. The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University University, Harbin, China School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Umberto Anceschi, M.D., F.E.B.U. States Urology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Shaheen Alanee, M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A. Rome, Italy Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Detroit, Michi- Sigve Andersen, Ph.D., M.D. gan, United States Department of oncology, University Hospital Ahmad Alaqqad, M.D. of North Norway HF, Tromsø, Norway Cleveland clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu dhabi, United Arab Christopher Anderson, M.D. Emirates Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, Osamah Al-Bayati, New York, New York, United States San Antonio, Texas, United States Priscila Andrade, Peter Albers, M.D. Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Department of Urology, Du¨sseldorf University, Du¨s- Alessandro Antonelli, md seldorf, Germany Department of Urology. ASST Spedali Civili Michele Albert, M.D. Hospital. University of Brescia. Brescia, Italy, Radiation Oncology, Bridgham and Women’s Hospi- Brescia, Italy tal, Boston, MA, United States Alberto Antunes, Peter Albertsen, M.D., M.S. Laboratory of Medical Investigation - LIM 55 - Division of Urology, MC 3955, Unversity Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Medical School, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil CT, United States Ana Aparicio, M.D. Mehrdad Alemozaffar, M.D. Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD atlanta, ca, United States Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United Fernand Algaba, M.D. States Spain Andrea Apolo, M.D. Ahmed Ragab Ali, M.D. Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, urology, zagazig universi‘ty, zagazig, sharkia, Bethesda, MD, United States Egypt Andrew Armstrong, M.D. Firas Aljabery, Ph.D. Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, Linko¨ping, Sweden NC, United States Christopher B Allard, M.D. Himanshu Arora, Division of Urology, Massachusetts General MIAMI, Florida, United States Hospital & Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Nicola Arrighi, M.D. Boston, Massachusetts, United States Urology, Citta` di Brescia Clinical Institute, Brescia, Nima Almassi, Italy Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Sevilhan Artan, Ph.D. Ohio, United States Medical Genetics, Osmangazi University Medical Gilberto Almeida, M.D. Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey laparoscopy and minimally invasive surgery, Tariq Asi, University of Vale do Itajaı´, Brazil; Department Ankara, Turkey of Urology, European Institute of Oncology M Hammad Ather, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.S., F.C.P.S. (urol), (IEO), Milan, Italy., Itajaı´, Santa Catarina, Brazil F.E.B.U. Ahmed Al-Shareef, Surgery, Section of Urology, Aga Khan University, urology, Alsadar Teaching Hospital, alnajaf, alnajaf, Karachi, Pakistan Iraq Dogan Atilgan, M.D. Muammer Altok, Assistant Professor Tokat, Turkey Urology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Mohammed Attaleb, Ph.D. Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Ajjai Alva, M.D. Techniques Nucle´aires, Rabat, Morocco, Rabat, Houston, United States Morocco 232 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Franc¸ois Audenet, M.D. Arjun Balar, M.D. Urology, Hoˆpital Europe´en Georges Pompidou, Paris, Medicine/Division of Hematology & Oncology, France NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, Gregory Auffenberg, M.D., M.S. United States Urology, Northwestern University, Chciago, IL, Ugur Balci, United States Urology Clinic, Katip Celebi University Medicine Riccardo Autorino, M.D., Ph.D., F.E.B.U. School Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Rich- Izmir, Turkey mond, VA, United States Fa´Tima Baltazar, Ph.D. Ana Maria Autran Gomez, M.D., Ph.D. School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Urologia, Madrid, Spain Braga, Portugal Benjamin Ayres, Aristotle Bamias, M.D., Ph.D Urology, St George’s Hospital, London, United Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Kingdom Athens, Athens, Attica, Greece Rita Azevedo, B.Sc. Jathin Bandari, M.D. Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics Group, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States IPO-Porto, Porto, Portugal Marco Bandini, M.D. Atiqullah Aziz, M.D. Urology, Vita Salute University, San Raffaele Urology, Department of Urology, University Medical Scientific Institute, milan, Italy Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany Matthew Banegas, Ph.D., M.P.H. Mounsif Azizi, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Tampa, FL, United States Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, Faris Azzouni, M.D. United States Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, John Banerji, M.D., M.Ch. (Urology), D.N.B. (Urology) United States Urology, UPMC, Hermitage, PA, United States Mingchen Ba, Ph.D. Alexander Baras, M.D., Ph.D. Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Pathology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, United States Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Christopher Barbieri, M.D., Ph.D Janet Baack Kukreja, M.D., M.P.H. Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell Houston, Texas, United States University, New York, NY, United States Kara Babaian, M.D. Dan Barocas, M.D. Urology, LSUHSC Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical United States Center, Nashville, TN, United States Marek Babjuk, M.D. Daniel Barocas, M.D. Czechia Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Bassel Bachir, M.D. Medical Center, Nashville, TN, Urology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, United States Quebec, Canada Ravi Barod, Abdallah Badou, Ph.D United Kingdom Biology, Casablanca Faculty of Medicine and Phar- Sophie Barrett, M.A., M.B.B.S., M.Sc., M.D., M.R.C.P. macy, Casablanca, Morocco Medical Oncology, Beatson Oncology Centre, Raffaele Baffa, M.D. Glasgow, Strathclyde, United Kingdom Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Glen Barrisford, M.D. PA, United States Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Clinton Bahler, M.D. Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Urology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United Georg Bartsch Jr., M.D. States Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Xiaochun Bai, Ph.D. Frankfurt, Germany Guangzhou, China Jeffrey Bassett, M.D., M.P.H. Mirko Bakula, M.D. Irvine, California, United States Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Bruno Bastos, M.D. Croatia Hematology Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Ramazan Bal, Ph.D Weston, Florida, United States Medical School-Physiology, Gaziantep University, Jose Batista Da Costa, Gaziantep, Turkey Vancouver, Canada / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 233

Sebastiano Battaglia, Ph.D. Akshay Bhat, Ph.D. Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Department of urology, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States Vancouver, BC, Canada Ana Battastini, Ph.D. Bimal Bhindi, M.D., C.M., M.Sc. Bioquimica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncol- Wassim Bazzi, M.D. ogy, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Adult Urology, Michigan Institute of Urology, Dear- Network, Toronto, ON, Canada born, MI, United States Neil Bhowmick, Ph.D. Pastora Beardo, Ph.D. United States Urology, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Fernando Bianco, M.D. Araba, Spain Urological Research Network, Miami, FL, United States Jean Baptiste Beauval, M.D. Pierre Bigot, M.D. Urology, Department of Urology and Renal Trans- Urology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France plantation Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, Aziz Bihi, Toulouse, France Liverpool, United Kingdom Maria Becerra, M.D. Alison Birtle, M.D. Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, United Kingdom University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Miami, FL, Nabil Bissada, M.D. United States Urology, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, United States Andreas Becker, Bivas Biswas, Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, Hamburg, Germany India Jens Bedke, M.D. Rhonda Bitting, M.D. Urology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Tomasz Beer, M.D. University, Winston Salem, NC, United States Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science Trinity Bivalacqua, M.D., Ph.D. University, Portland, OR, United States Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Katarzyna Behrendt, M.D., Ph.D. Baltimore, MD, United States 2nd Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Department, Marc Bjurlin, Maria Sk?odowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center Urology, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, United States Poland Peter Black, Justin Bekelman, M.D. Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Vancouver, BC, Canada Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States August Blackburn, Alp Tuna Beksac, M.D. Department of Medicine - Clinical Epidemiology, Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, University of Texas Health Science Center at San New York City, NY, United States Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States Joaquim Bellmunt, M.D. Ana Blanca, Germany Co´rdoba, Spain Himisha Beltran, M.D. Michael Blute, Jr., United States Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, Karim Bensalah, M.D., Ph.D. United States Urology, University of Rennes, Rennes, France Alessandro Bmbonati, Alain Bergeron, PA, United States Universite´ Laval, Quebec, Canada Hai Bo, M.D. Carina Bernardo, Wuhan, Hubei, China Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Juanjie Bo, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil, Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China Porto, Portugal Liao Bo, Donna Berry, Ph.D., R.N., A.O.C.N., F.A.A.N. The department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital The Phyllis F. Cantor Center for Research of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sich- in Nursing and Patient Care Services, uan, China Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Vladimir Bobek, M.D. Massachusetts, United States Dpt of Surgery, 1.LF UK, Prague, Czechia 234 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Francesco Boccardo, M.D. Johannes Breyer, M.D. Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Polyclinic Hospital - Institute for Cancer Research Germany and Treatment, Genoa, Italy Fadi Brimo, M.D. Bernard Bochner, Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada United States James Brown, M.D. Andreas Bohle, M.D., Professor of Urology Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa Department of Urology, Helios Agnes-Karll Hospital, City, Iowa, United States Bad Schwartau, Germany James Brugarolas, Christian Bolenz, M.D. Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ger- Dallas, TX, United States many, Ulm, Germany Max Bruins, M.D., Ph.D Luca Bongiovanni, M.D., Ph.D. RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands Urology, PO Umberto I - Siracusa, Siracusa, Italy Tomas Buchler, M.D., Ph.D. Stephen Boorjian, M.D. Oncology, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Prague, Czech Republic Christopher Booth, Alexander Buchner, M.D. Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen’s University Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Cancer Research Institute, Canada, ON, Canada Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Munich, Germany Ron Boris, Laura Bukavina, M.D., M.P.H. Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Case Western University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, Indianapolis, IN, United States United States Edyta Borkowska, Ph.D. Muhammad Bulbul, M.D. Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University Beirut, Lebanon of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Uros Bumbasirevic, Hala Borno, Belgrade, Serbia San Francisco, California, United States Maximilian Burger, Prof., M.D., F.E.B.U. Tudor Borza, M.D., M.S. Dept. of Urology, University of Regensburg, Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Regensburg, Germany United States Maurizio Buscarini, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H.-M.B.A., Associate Judith Bosschieter, M.D. Professor of Clinical. Urology, Vu Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands urology, villa betania hospital, Rome, Italy Monica Botelho, Ph.D. Seok Soo Byun, M.D., Ph.D. Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National urology, Seoul National University Bundang Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal Hospital, Seongnam, Kyunggi-do, Korea, Greg Boustead, M.D. Republic of Urology, Herts & South Beds Cancer Centre, Steven- Frank Cackowski, M.D., Ph.D. age, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Internal Medicine / Hem/Onc, University of Robert Brannigan, M.D. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Fein- Tommaso Cai, M.D. berg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Marı´A Brassesco, Ph.D. Hospital, Trento, Italy Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Nicola Calvani, M.D., Ph.D. Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil Medical Oncology Division and Breast Unit, Sen. A. Vasiliki Bravou, M.D., Ph.D. Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy, Brindisi, Italy Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Univeristy of Kerry Campbell, Patras, Patras, Greece Philadelphia, PA, United States Rodney Breau, M.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.S.C. Kristin Campbell, Ph.D., B.Sc. P.T. Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Ottawa University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada University Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Vildan Caner, Ph.D. Alberto Breda, Medical Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Spain Turkey Matthew Breen, Ph.D. David Canes, M.D. Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State Institute of Urology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA, University, Raeigh, NC, United States United States / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 235

Daniel Canter, M.D. Yoon Kyung Chang, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, United Internal Medicine, Catholic Univ., Daejeon, Daejeon, States Korea, Republic of Francesco Cantiello, M.D., Ph.D. Brian Chapin, M.D. Urology Unit, Magna Graecia University of Urology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States Umberto Capitanio, M.D. Darren Chapman, M.D. Urology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Milan, Italy Urology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Megan Caram, M.D. United States Internal Medicine - Hematology/Oncology, Meera Chappidi, M.P.H. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and United States Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University Sigrid Carlsson, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States United States Alcides Chaux, M.D. Edgardo Carosella, M.D. Office of Scientific Research, Norte University, Service de Recherches en Hemato-Immunologie, Asuncio´n, Paraguay CEA-iMETI, Paris, France Edmund Chedgy, M.B.B.S., M.Sc., F.R.C.S. (Urol.) Peter Carroll, M.D., M.P.H. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States Chung-Hsin Chen, Ph.D. Hernandes Carvalho, Department of Urology, National Taiwan Structural and Functional biology, State University of University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Campinas, Campinas, Brazil Taiwan Erik Castle, M.D. David Chen, M.D. Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Rock- United States ledge, PA, United States Serdar Celik, M.D., F.E.B.U., sPh.D. Dong Chen, Urology, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Department of Urology, University Hospital, Lud- Hospital, izmir, Turkey wig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Jeremy Cetnar, M.D. Munich, Germany Medicine, University of Wisconins, Madison, WI, Ronald Chen, M.D., M.P.H. United States Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina - Heather Chalfin, M.D. Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Christopher Cheng, M.D. Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Singapore, Singapore MD, United States Heather Cheng, M.D., Ph.D Karim Chamie, M.D. Medicine/Oncology, University of Washington, Seat- Department of Urology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, tle, Washington, United States United States VItaly Chernyaev, Michael Chan, Ph.D. Moscow, Russian Federation Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Lisly Che´Ry, M.D. Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, National Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Chung Cheng University, Room 452, 168 University Center, Houston, TX, United States Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan, Min Hsiung, Po Hui Chiang, Ph.D. Taiwan Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Thenappan Chandrasekar, M.D. Kaohsiung, Taiwan Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Joseph Chin, M.D. Pennsylvania, United States Dept. of Surgery (Urology), University of Western Darshan Chandrashekar, Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, AL, United States ON, Canada In Ho Chang, M.D. Jane Cho, Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of IN, United States Steven Chang, M.D., M.S. Min Chul Cho, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Urology, Brigham and Department or Urology, Seoul Metropolitan Govern- Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, ment - Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Bora- United States mae Medical Center, seoul, Korea, Republic of 236 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Steven Cho, John Corman, M.D, United States United States Han Choi, M.D., Ph.D. Andres Correa, M.D. Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Division of Urology, Cooper University Hospital, Republic of Camden, Pennsylvania, United States Justin Choi, Ph.D. Daniel Costa, M.D. Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Augusta Univer- Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, sity, Augusta, United States Texas, United States Dharamainder Choudhary, Ph.D. E. David Crawford, M.D. Farmington, CT, United States Surgery/Urology, University of Colorado, Denver, Peter Choyke, M.D. CO, United States MIP, NCI, Bethesda, MD, United States Paul Crispen, M.D. Bilal Chughtai, M.D. Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States United States Laura Crocitto, M.D. Benjamin Chung, M.D. Department of Urologic Oncology, Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, States CA, United States Peter Clark, M.D. Marcus Cronauer, Ph.D. Department of Urology, Carolinas Healthcare Sys- Department of Urology, UKSH - Campus Lu¨beck, tem, Charlotte, NC, United States Lu¨beck, Germany Andrew Cohen, M.D. Daniel Culkin, . Department of Urology, University of California- Urology, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma San Francisco, San Francisco, California, San Fran- City, ok, United States cisco, CA, United States Stephen Culp, M.D., Ph.D., M.S. Alexander Cole, M.D. Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Vir- Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Wom- ginia, United States en’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Walter Da Costa, Ph.D. United States Urology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Jonathan Coleman, M.D. Brazil Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Roland Dahlem, M.D. Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Urological United States Center, Hamburg, Germany Eva Comperat, Philipp Dahm, M.D., M.H.Sc. France Urology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care Sys- Evi Comploj, M.D. tem, Minneapolis, MN, United States Urology, General Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Stephanie Daignault-Newton, M.S. Italien, Italy Ann Arbor, United States Alessandro Conti, M.D. Guido Dalbagni, M.D. Department of Urology, Bressanone Hospital, Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Bressanone/ Brixen, Italy New York, NY, United States Hector Contreras, Ph.D. William Dale, M.D., Ph.D. Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine. Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile United States Ralph Conwill, B.S. Deepansh Dalela, M.D. Legends Crest Consulting, Franklin, United States Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health Sys- Michael Cookson, M.D., M.M.H.C. tem, Detroit, Michigan, United States Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma, Marc Dall’Era, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States Urology, University of California, Davis, Sacra- Matthew Cooperberg, M.D., M.P.H. mento, CA, United States Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Marcos Dall’Oglio, M.D. Francisco, CA, United States Urologic division, School Medicine of the University Anthony Corcoran, M.D. of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Phila- Robin Daly, delphia, PA, United States Melbourne, Victoria, Australia / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 237

David D’Andrea, M.D. Brian Denton, Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States Siamak Daneshmand, M.D. Sundeep Deorah, M.D., M.P.H. Institute of Urology, University of Southern Califor- Division of Urology, University of Cincinnati, Cin- nia, Los Angeles, CA, United States cinnati, OH, United States Atreya Dash, M.D. Robert Dess, M.D. Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, CA, Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann United States Arbor MI, Michigan, United States Timothy Daskivich, M.D., M.S.H.P.M. Ralph Devere White, Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Sacramento, CA, United States CA, United States Joseph Dhahbi, Shawn Dason, M.D. United States Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamil- Hassan Dhaini, Ph.D. ton, ON, Canada, Hamilton, ON, Canada Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Mads Daugaard, Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Louise Dickinson, Nicole Davarpanah, Department of Radiology, North West London NHS United States Trust, London, United Kingdom Matthew Davenport, Rian Dickstein, M.D. United States Chesapeake Urology, Glen Burnie, MD, United Benjamin Davies, M.D. States United States Christina Dieli-Conwright, Cole Davis, M.D. USC, Los Angeles, United States United States Gregory Diorio, D.O. John Davis, M.D. Tampa, FL, United States Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hooman Djaladat, M.D., M.S. Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States Urology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States Jamie D’Costa, Jakub Dobruch, University of Birmingham, London, United Department of Urology, European Health Kingdom Centre Otwock, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Cosimo De Nunzio, M.D., Ph.D Education, YAU EAU Bladder Cancer Group, Urology, Ospedale Sant’Andrea, University, Roma, Otwock, Poland Italy Line Dohn, M.D., Ph.D. Christopher Dechet, M.D. The Finsen Laboratory and Department of Oncology, urology, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, salt lake city, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark UT, United States Jeffrey Dome, M.D., Ph.D. Samuel Deem, D.O. Division of Oncology, Children’s National Health Urology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charles- System, Washington, District Of Columbia, United ton, WV, United States States David Degraff, Ph.D. Jose Dominguez-Escrig, L.M.S., M.D., F.R.C.S. (Urol) Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Urologı´a, Fundacio´n I.V.O., Castello´n de la Plana, Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States Spain Scott Delacroix, M.D. Sherri Donat, M.D. Department of Urology, Louisiana State University, Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Metairie, LA, United States Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States Humberto Delleˆ,Ph.D Dong Dong, Ph.D. Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Can- Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil cer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China Angelo Demarzo, Qiang Dong, Baltimore, MD, United States Chengdu, China Erhan Demirelli, Assistant professor Xiao Dong, M.D. Urology, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, the First Hospital of China Giresun, Turkey Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China Robert Den, M.D. Nicholas Donin, M.D. Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States Angeles, California, United States 238 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Tanya Dorff, M.D. Leigh Ellis, Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, James Douglas, Boston, MA, United States poole, United Kingdom Hamid Emamekhoo, M.D. Michelle Downes, M.B.B.Ch., B.A.O., M.R.C.S.I., M.D., University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, F.R.C.P.C. United States Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Tor- Esteban Emiliani, onto, Ontario, Canada Spain Tracy Downs, M.D. Ronald Ennis, M.D. Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer United States institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, Dejan Dragicevic, M.D., Ph.D. United States Clinical Centre of Serbia, Institute of Urology and Selcuk Erdem, M.D. Nephrology, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Charles Drake, M.D., Ph.D. Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey United States Mohamed Ali Essid, M.D. Jason Du, F.R.M.D. (Urol) Urology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Ariana, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of Brit- Tunisia ish Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Jairam Eswara, Peng Du, Boston, MA, United States Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China Christopher Evans, M.D. Pascal Duijf, Ph.D. Sacramento, CA, United States University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Izak Faiena, M.D. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Urology, Department of Urology, David Geffen Wilhelmina Duivenvoorden, Ph.D. School of Medicine at University of California, Los Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States James Dupree, Siavash Falahatkar, M.D. United States Urology, Guilan University of Medical Science, Lars Dyrskjøt, Ph.D. Urology Research Center, Rasht, IRAN Aarhus, Denmark (Islamic Republic of) Thorsten Ecke, Johannes Falke, Urology, Helios Hospital, Bad Saarow, Germany Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Markus Eckstein, Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands Erlangen, Germany Yujiang Fang, M.D., Ph.D. Scott Eggener, Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United MO, United States States Mikhail Fedyanin, Ph.D., M.D. Maria Giulia Egidi, Ph.D. Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin Department of General Surgery and Surgical Special- National Medical Research Cen, N.N. Blokhin ties, Urological Andrological Surgery and Minimally National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Invasive Techniques, Terni, Italy Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation Yaron Ehrlich, M.D. Andrew Feifer, M.D. Hod Hasharon, Israel Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Michael Eisenberg, M.D. Chenchen Feng, M.D. Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stan- Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan Univeristy, ford, CA, United States Shanghai, China Albert El Hajj, M.D. Felix Feng Department of surgery, American University of Bei- Mario Fernandez, M.D. rut, Beirut, Lebanon Urology, Department of Urology, Clı´nica Alemana Chad Ellimoottil, M.D. de Santiago; Center for Genetics and Genomics, Fac- Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United ultad de Medicina Clı´nica Alemana Universidad del States Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile Chandy Ellimoottil, M.D., M.S. Pedro Fernandez, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Pathology, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of United States Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 239

Mª Jesu´S Ferna´Ndez-Acen˜Ero, M.D., Ph.D. Nicola Fossati, M.D. Surgical Pathology, Hospital Clı´nico San Carlos, Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, IRCCS Ospe- Madrid, Madrid, Spain dale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy Jesus Fernandez-Gomez, PhD, MD. Richard Foster, Cirugı´a y Especialidades Me´dico-Quiru´rgicas, Indianapolis, IN, United States Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Giulio Francolini, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain Florence, Italy Jose´ Ferreira, Ph.D. Elisabeth Fransen Van De Putte, M.D. Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto (IPO-Porto), van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Nether- Porto, Portugal lands Mariaconsiglia Ferriero, M.D. Harold Frazier Ii, M.D. Urology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Urology, George Washington University, Rome, Rome, Italy Washington, DC, United States Matteo Ferro, Stephen Freedland, M.D. Milan, Italy Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars Sinai Medical Michael Feuerstein, M.D. Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States New York, New York, United States Sebastian Frees, Dr. med. Pauline Filippou, M.D. Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancovuer, BC, Canada Urology, University of North Carolina, Department Terence Friedlander, M.D. of Urology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of States California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, Thomas Filleron, Ph.D. United States Bureau des Essais Cliniques, Institut Claudius Hans-Martin Fritsche, M.D. Regaud, Toulouse, France Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Christopher P. Filson, M.D., M.S. Germany Department of Urology, Emory University School of Michael Froehner, Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Urology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Samson Fine, M.D. Germany New York, NY, United States Yasuhisa Fujii, M.D., Ph.D. David Finley, M.D. Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Urology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Los Angeles, CA, United States Hiroshi Fukushima, M.D. Michelangelo Fiorentino, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Addarii Institute of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Japan Hospital, Bologna, Bologna, Italy Krishnanath Gaitonde, Mayer Fishman, M.D., Ph.D. Urology/Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincin- Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & nati, United States Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States Georgios Gakis, Liesel Fitzgerald, Ph.D. Wu¨rzburg, Germany Cancer, Genetics and Immunology, Menzies Institute Matthew Galsky, M.D. for Medical Research, Hobart, Australia Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medi- Thomas Flaig, M.D. cine, New York, NY, United States Division of Medical Oncology, University of Dimitri Gambachidze, Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, Brachytherapy unit, Gustave Roussy Institute, Ville- United States juif, France Achim Fleischmann Giorgio Gandaglia, M.D. Trevor Flood, Urology, Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele Anatomic Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Scientific Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raf- ON, Canada faele, Milan, Italy, Italy Beat Foerster, Jorge Garcia, M.D., F.A.C.P. Vienna, Austria Solid Tumor Oncology and Urology, Cleveland Lawrence Fong, M.D. Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, Maurice Garcia, United States California, United States 240 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Mario Gardi, M.D., Ph.D., F.E.B.U. University Complex of Albacete, Spain, Urology, Sant’antonio Hospital, Padova, Italy Albacete, Spain Thomas Gardner, M.D. Jeffrey Gingrich, M.D. Urology, Microbiology, Immunology, Indiana Uni- Urology, Univ of Pittsburgh, Durham, NC, United versity, Indianapolis, IN, United States States Benjamin Gartrell, M.D. Kevin Ginsburg, M.D. Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Department of Urology, Wayne State University, United States Detroit, MI, United States Kris Gaston, M.D. Serge Ginzburg, M.D. Levine Cancer Institute Department of Urology, Car- Urology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Elkins olinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, United States Park, Pennsylvania, United States Jason Gee, M.D. Roberto Giulianelli Department of Urology, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Jacopo Giuliani, M.D. Massachusetts, United States Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology - Az. Glen Gejerman, M.D. ULSS 9 Scaligera, Legnago, Italy Radiation Oncology, Hackensack University Medical James Gnarra, Ph.D. Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Braden- Arvin George, M.D. ton, Florida, United States Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Guilherme Godoy, M.D. United States Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College Boris Gershman, M.D. of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States Urology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam James Godwin, Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Daniel Geynisman, M.D. Philadelphia, PA, United States Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Peter Goebell, M.D., Ph.D. Center Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Urology, University Clinic of Erlangen, Erlangen, Khurshid Ghani, Germany United States Peter J. Goebell, Pooja Ghatalia, Erlangen, Germany Philadelphia, United States Ofer Gofrit, M.D., Ph.D. Reza Ghavamian, M.D. Urology, Hadassah University Hospital, jerusalem, Smith Institute of Urology, Northwell Health, Green- Israel lawn, NY, United States Mehmet Go¨Kce, M.D. Ewan Gibb, Ph.D. urology, ankara university school of medicine, GenomeDx Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ankara, Turkey Ilan Gielchinsky, M.D. Shay Golan, M.D. Prostate Cancer, The Garvan Institute of Medical Urology, University of Chicago, chicago, United Research, Sydney, Australia States Michael Gierth, M.D. Hanan Goldberg, M.D. Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Department of Surgical Oncology, Divison Germany of Urology,University of Toronto, Princess Markus Giessing, Prof. Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Department for Urology, Urologischen Klinik und Canada Hochschulambulanz Heinrich Heine Universita¨tskli- Encouse Golden, nikum, Du¨sseldorf, Germany New York, NY, United States Scott Gilbert, M.D., MS Tatsuo Gondo, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, Urology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan United States Mark Gonzalgo, M.D., Ph.D. Philipp Gild, M.D. Department of Urology, University of Miami Department of Urology, University Medical Center Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany United States Jessie Gills, M.D. Alex Gorbonos, M.D. Urologic Oncology, KUMC, Kansas City, United Urology, Loyola University Medical Canter, May- States wood, IL, United States Jose´ Miguel Gime´Nez-Bachs, Ph.D., M.D. John Gore, M.D., M.S. Urology, Urology Department. Hospital and Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 241

Akihiro Goriki, M.D., Ph.D. Amit Gupta, M.D., M.P.H. Vancouver, Canada Urology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Mary Gospodarowicz, M.D. IA, United States Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Gopal Gupta, M.D. ON, Canada Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago, Geoffrey Gotto, M.D., M.P.H., F.R.C.S.C. Maywood, IL, United States Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Cal- Shilpa Gupta, M.D. gary, AB, Canada Hematology Oncology and Transplantation, Magda Grabowska, Ph.D. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, United States United States Norbert Graf, Khurshid Guru, M.D. Pediatric Oncology, Saarland University, Homburg, Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Germany Buffalo, New York, United States Vivien Graffeille, Kilian Gust, Rennes, France Department of Urology, Medical University of Justin Gregg, M.D. Vienna, Vienna, Austria Nashville, Tennessee, United States Thomas Guzzo, MD, M.P.H. Swanson Gregory, M.D. Department of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Radiation Oncology, Scott and White Medical Cen- Philadelphia, PA, United States ter, Temple, Texas, United States Scott Haake, M.D. Peter Grimison, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Van- Petros Grivas, M.D., Ph.D. derbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, Medicine; Division of Oncology, University United States of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Georges-Pascal Haber, M.D, Ph.D. United States Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, urology, Fabio Grizzi, Ph.D. Cleveland clinic, cleveland, OH, United States Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Miriam Hadj-Moussa, M.D. Italy Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Mitchell Gross, M.D., Ph.D. United States Medicine, University of Southern California, Beverly Martina Hager, M.D. Hills, CA, United States Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical Uni- H. Barton Grossman, M.D. versity, Salzburg, Austria MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United Andrew Hahn, M.D. States Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Mathis Grossmann, UT, United States Medicine, University of Melbourne Austin Health, Noah Hahn, M.D. Heidelberg, VIC, Australia Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Robert Grubb Iii, M.D. Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States Urology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Miki Haifler, MD, M.Sc. Louis, MO, United States Urology, Shamir Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, James Gulley, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P. Israel Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Tine Hajdinjak, MD, United States Wels, Austria Levent Mert Gunay, Specialist in Urology A Ari Hakimi, M.D. Urology, Mersin Ozel Sistem Cerrahi Tip Merkezi, Surgery, Urology Division, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Mersin, Mersin, Turkey Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States B. Guo, Nathan Hale, D.O., M.S., F.A.C.O.S China Charleston, West Virginia, United States Charles Guo, M.D. Simon Hall, Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Smith Institute for Urology, Northshore/LIJ Health TX, United States System, Lake Success, NY, United States Hongqian Guo, Mark Hallman, M.D. Urology Department, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum United States Tower Hospital Nanjing University Medical School, Diaa Hameed, M.D. Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Urology, Assiut university, Assiut, Egypt 242 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Zachary Hamilton, M.D. Elisabeth Heath, M.D. Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States United States Kai Hammerich, M.D., Ph.D. Jonathan Heinlen, M.D. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Ping Han, M.D. Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sich- Julia Heinzelbecker, M.D. uan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Department of Urology, Saarland University Medical Elizabeth Handorf, Ph.D. Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany Fox Chase Cancer center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Nicholas Hellenthal, M.D. United States Department of Surgery, Bassett Healthcare, Coopers- Nawar Hanna, M.D. town, NY, United States Urology, Maisoneuve-Rosemont Jospital, Montreal, Ashok Hemal, M.D., M.Ch., F.A.C.S., F.I.C.S., F.R.C.S., Quebec, Canada F.A.C.S. Donna Hansel, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medi- Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States cine, Winston Salem, NC, United States Julian Hanske, M.D. Martin Hennig, M.D. Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, Klinik fu¨r Urologie, Universita¨tzuLu¨beck, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany, Herne, Universita¨tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Northrhine Westfalia, Germany Lu¨beck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany Jo¨Rg Ha¨Nze, Ph.D. Rui Henrique, M.D., Ph.D. Urology and Pediatric Urology, Marburg, Germany Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Insti- Noboru Hara, MD., Ph.D. tute of Porto, Porto, Portugal Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata Univer- Patrick Hensley, M.D. sity, Niigata, Japan University of Kentucky Department of Urology, Lauren Harshman, M.D. Lexington, Kentucky, United States Medicine/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Annika Herlemann, M.D. Boston, MA, United States Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universitaet Mohammed Haseebuddin, M.D. Muenchen, Munich, Germany Frederick, United States Thomas Hermanns, Takeshi Hashimoto, M.D., Ph.D. Switzerland Urology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan Harry Herr, M.D. Melanie Hassler, Ph.D. Department of Urology, Memorial Department of Urology, Medical University of Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, Vienna, Vienna, Austria NY, United States Shingo Hatakeyama, M.D. Lindsey Herrel, M.D. Dept. of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan United States Paul Hatcher, M.D. Jaime Herrera-Caceres, M.D. Division of Urology, University of Tennessee Medi- Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y cal Center, Knoxville, TN, United States Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico Georgios Hatzichristodoulou, City, Mexico Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius- Vital Hevia, M.D. Maximilians-University of Wu¨rzburg, Wu¨rzburg, Urology, Hospital Universitario Ramo´n y Cajal, Germany Madrid, Spain Tetsutaro Hayashi, Celestia Higano, M.D. Hiroshima, Japan Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Matthew Hayn, M.D. Washington, United States Urology, Maine Medical Center, South Portland, ME, Philip Ho, M.D. United States Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Dickon Hayne, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Australia United States Jason Hearn, Karen Hoffman, M.D. Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson, Houston, TX, Arbor, Michigan, United States United States / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 243

Thomas Ho¨Fner, M.D. Jorge Huguet, Dept. of Urology, UniversityHospital Mainz, Mainz, Barcelona, Spain Germany Peter Humphrey, Thomas Hogan, M.D. United States Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medi- Carolyn Hurst, cine, MBRCC, West Virginia University, Morgan- United Kingdom town, WV, United States Ryan Hutchinson, Anica Ho¨Gner, Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Institut fu¨r Vegetative Physiologie, Charite´ - Univer- Center, Dallas, TX, United States sita¨tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Jonathan Hwang, Sten Holmang, M.D. Urology, UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Go¨teborg, Medical School, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Sweden New Brunswick, NJ, United States Jeff Holzbeierlein, Roberto Iacovelli, M.D. Kansas City, KS, United States Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Uni- Sung Kyu Hong, Ph.D., M.D. versitaria Integrata (AOUI), University of Verona, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong- Italy., Rome, Italy nam-si, Gyung Gi do, Korea, Republic of Teruo Inamoto, M.D., Ph.D. Thomas Hope, Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, San Francisco, CA, United States Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan Thomas Horn, Hiroki Ishihara, M.D. Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, der Isar, Munich, Bavaria, Germany Tokyo, Japan Kareem Hosny, Tomoko Iwata, Ph.D. Atlanta, GA, United States School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glas- James Hotaling, M.D., M.S. gow, United Kingdom Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, Jason Izard, MD, M.P.H. United States Department of Urology, Queen’s University, King- Nadine Houe´De´, Ph.D., M.D. ston, ON, ON, Canada Medical Oncology, Nimes University Hospital, Laura Izquierdo, M.D., Ph.D. Nimes, France Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Tzyh-Chyuan Hour, Ph.D. Barcelona, Spain Kaohsiung, Taiwan William Jackson, M.D James Hoy, Ph.D. Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann NCI, CCR, LCMB, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United Arbor, MI, United States States Joseph Jacob, M.D. Jiao Hu, M.D. Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central New York, United States South University, Changsha, China Bruce Jacobs, M.D. Liying Huang, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Urology, Qilu hospital, Jinan, China Wolfgang Ja¨Ger, William Huang, M.D. Department of Urology, University Medical Center Urology, New York University, New York, NY, Mainz, Mainz, Germany United States Andrew James, M.D. Yiran Huang, M.D Department of Urology, University of Kentucky, Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shang- Lexington, KY, United States hai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China David Jarrard, M.D. Scott Hubosky, M.D. Dept. of Urology, University of Wisconsin Madison Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, Pennsylvania, United States United States Lee Hugar, M.D., M.S.C.R. Seong Soo Jeon, Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Republic of Cory Hugen, M.D. Barbara Jereczek-Fossa, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, Dept. of Radiotherapy, University of Milan, Euro- United States pean Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy 244 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Carmen Jeronimo, Ph.D. Wassim Kassouf, M.D., C.M., F.R.C.S.C. Research Center (CI-IPOP_LAB 3), Portuguese Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal Canada Zhigang Ji, M.D. Max Kates, Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical Baltimore, Maryland, United States College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Taku Kato, M.D., Ph.D. Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Beijing, China Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu, Japan Hai-Feng Jiang, master of medicine Eric Kauffman, M.D. Urology, ShangHai Jiao Tong University, School of Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Insti- Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shang Hai, Shang hai, tute, Buffalo, NY, United States China Akash Kaushik, David Johnson, M.D., M.P.H. TX, United States Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Dharam Kaushik, M.D. Department of Urology, Los Angeles, CA, United Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, States San Antonio, TX, United States Scott Johnson, M.D. Deborah Kaye, Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United Dow Division for Urological Health Services States Research, Department of Urology, University of William Johnston III, M.D. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States Urology, Beaumont School of Medicine, Novi, Hung-Lung Ke, M.D., Ph.D. United States Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical Univer- Andre Jordan, BS sity, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Augusta, United States Thomas Keane, Shreyas Joshi, M.D. United States Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgi- James Kearns, M.D. cal Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylva- Seattle, WA, United States nia, United States Pat Keegan, M.D. Hannes Ju¨rgens, M.D. Nashville, Texas, United States Radiotherapy and Oncological Therapy, Haematol- Patrick Kenney, M.D. ogy and Oncology Clinic of Tartu University Hospi- New Haven, United States tal, Tartu, Estonia Fahd Khalil, Matthew Kaag, M Rabat, Morocco United States Makarand Khochikar, M.S., D.N.B. (Urol), F.R.C.S. (Urol), Karim Kader, M.D., Ph.D. F.E.B.U. United States Urooncology, Siddhi Vinayak Ganapati Cancer Hos- Samuel Kaffenberger, M.D. pital, Miraj, Maharashtra, India Urologic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Mohammadhatef Khorrami, M.D. Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States Urology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hristos Kaimakliotis, M.D. Isfahan, IRAN (Islamic Republic of) Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Kittinut Kijvikai, M.D., F.A.C.S. Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States Urology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ashish Kamat, M.D. Bangkok, Thailand Department of Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Cen- Eiji Kikuchi, M.D., Ph.D. ter, Houston, Texas Department of Urology, Keio University School of Hiroomi Kanayama, Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Japan Choung-Soo Kim, Josephine Kang, Urology, Asan Medical Center, University New York, United States of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Jose Karam, M.D. Republic of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Eric Kim, M.D. Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, R. Jeffrey Karnes, M.D., F.A.C.S. St. Louis, MO, United States Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Hakushi Kim, MN, United States Urology, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 245

Hyung Suk Kim, M.D. Takuya Koie, Urology, Donnguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Urology, Gifu, Japan Goyng, Korea, Republic of Victor Kok, M.M.ed.Sc., M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P. Isaac Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Disease Informatics Research Group, Asia University Section of Urologic Oncology, The Cancer Institute Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical Tsunenori Kondo, M.D. School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shin- Ki Hong Kim, M.D. juku-ku, Japan Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Chuize Kong, Ph.D. Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Chungcheongnamdo, Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medi- Korea, Republic of cal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China Simon Kim, M.D., M.P.H Wisoot Kongcharoensombat, Urology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Thailand Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States Shahriar Koochekpour, M.D., Ph.D. Wun-Jae Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Cancer Genetics and Urology, RoswellPark Cancer Urology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States Korea, Republic of Ryan Kopp, Shoji Kimura, M.D Urology, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Ore- Department of Urology, Medical Univeristy of gon, United States Vienna, Vienna, Austria Ruslan Korets, M.D. Christopher King, Ph.D., M.D. Surgery, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Boston, MA, United States Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Ahmed Kotb, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S. Urol, F.E.B.U. Ziya Kirkali, M.D. Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, North Potomac, MD, United States Ontario, Canada Haydn Kissick, Evan Kovac, M.D., C.M., F.R.C.S.C. Atlanta, Georgia, United States Glickman Kidney & Urological Institute, Hiroshi Kitamura, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, Sapporo, Japan United States Amy Klapheke, M.P.H., Ph.D. Keith Kowalczyk, M.D. Cancer Registry of Greater California, Public Health Department of Urology, Georgetown University Hos- Institute, Sacramento, California, United States pital, Washington, DC, United States Tobias Klatte, Laura-Maria Krabbe, M.D. Bournemouth, United Kingdom Department of Urology, University of Muenster Med- Jan Klein, M.D. ical Center, Muenster, Germany Urologie + Kinderurologie, Universita¨tsklinik Ulm, Mario Kramer, M.D. Ulm, Germany Luebeck, Germany Elizaveta Klimentova, Louis Krane, M.D. Ufa, Russian Federation Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Luis Kluth, Orleans, LA, United States Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Ross Krasnow, MD, M.P.H. Eppendorf, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Department of Urology, MedStar Washington Hospi- Margaret Knowles, Ph.D. tal Center, Washington DC, DC, United States Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University Maximilian Kriegmair, M.D. of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom Department of Urology, University Medical Center Jenny Ko, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Systemic Therapy, BC Cancer Agency Abbotsford, Ja Hyeon Ku, M.D. Ph.D. Abbotsford, BC, Canada Department of Urology, Seoul National University Motohiro Kobayashi, Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Addanki Kumar, Ph.D. Medical Science, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Urology, Uthscsa, San Antonio, TX, United States Japan Narendra Kumar, M.D. Michael Koch, M.D. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Department of Urology, University of Indiana School Research, Chandigarh, India of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Hemant Kumar Bid, Ph.D United States Center for childhood cancer (WA-5109), The 246 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Luke Lavalle´E, M.D.C.M., M.Sc., F.R.C.S.C. Columbus, OH, India Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Ottawa Haruki Kume, M.D., Ph.D. Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Ottawa, ON, Canada University, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Hugh Lavery, M.D. Shilajit Kundu, M.D. Urology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New Urology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, York, NY, United States United States Aaron Laviana, Ricardo Kupka, M.D Nashville, United States Uro-Oncology, Instituto do Caˆncer do estado de Sa˜o Jean-Michel Lavoie, M.D., C.M. Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Vancouver, BC, Canada Sergei Kusmartsev, Nathan Lawrentschuk, M.B., B.S., F.R.A.C.S. (Urol) United States Urology and Surgical Oncology, University of Alexander Kutikov, M.D. Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Phila- Michael Leapman, M.D. delphia, PA, United States Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, Cheol Kwak, M.D., Ph.D. New Haven, Connecticut, Department of Urology, Department of Urology, United States Seoul National University College Byron Lee, M.D., Ph.D. of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Seoul, Korea, Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United Republic of States Dong Deuk Kwon, M.D., Ph.D. Chan Ho Lee, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, Chonnam National University Medical Department of urology, Inje University Busan Paik School, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Hospital, Busan, Korea, Republic of Natasha Kyprianou, Ph,D. Daniel Lee, Urology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United Urology, University of Pennsylvania Health States System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Carlo La Vecchia, United States Milano, Italy David Lee, M.D. John Lam, M.D. Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Urology, Kaiser Permanente, Woodland Hills, CA, Philadelphia, PA, United States United States Eugene Lee, M.D. Brian Lane, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kan- Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan, sas City, KS, United States United States Hyun Moo Lee, Joshua Lang, M.D., M.S. Seol, Korea, Republic of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Lui Shiong Lee, M.B.B.S., M.R.C.S. (Edinburgh), Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, M.M.ed. (Surgery) United States Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Hans Langenhuijsen, MD. Ph.D. Singapore, Singapore Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Dan Leibovici, M.D. Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands Urology, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Gavin Langille, M.D. Israel Dept of Urology, Dalhousie University, Saint John, Andrew Lenis, M.D., M.S. NB, Canada Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Dawud Lankford, M.D. Los Angeles, CA, United States Whiteplains, New York, United States Andrew Leone, M.D. Alessandro Larcher, M.D. tampa, FL, United States Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Ioannis Leotsakos, Urologist Oncology, URI - Urological Research In, Urology Department, Diakonissenkrankenhaus Flens- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, burg, Koridallos, Attica, Greece Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Jeffrey Leow, M.B.B.S., M.P.H. Milano, Italy Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham Vincent Laudone, and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, New York, NY, United States United States / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 247

John Leppert, M.D. M.S. Jen Liu, M.D. Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Port- Stanford, California, United States land, OR, United States Seth Lerner, M.D. Sijin Liu, Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, RCEES, Beijing, China United States Stanley Liu, M.D., Ph.D. Michael Leveridge, M.D. Radiation Oncology & Medical Biophysics, Urology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University Adam Levinson, M.D., M.S. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, N/A, Adam W. Levinson, MD PC, New York, MD, Canada United States Carlos Llorente, M.D., Ph.D. Chien-Feng Li, M.D., Ph.D. Urology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Alcorcon, Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain Pengchao Li, M.D. Marta Lloret, Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Spain Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Andrew Loblaw, M.D., M.Sc. Roger Li, M.D. Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Shitao Li, Dr. ON, Canada Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stacy Loeb, M.D. Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States Urology, New York University, New York, New Xiancheng Li, York, United States Dalian, Liaoning Province, China Bal Lokeshwar, Ph.D. Yanyan Li, M.D. Medicine and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Fudan University shanghai Cancer Center, shanghai, Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, United States shanghai, China Soum Lokeshwar, Jae Sung Lim, Ph.D. Miami, Florida, United States DaeJeon, Korea, Republic of Vinata Lokeshwar, Ph.D. Luis Lima, Ph.D. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Col- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics lege of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, Group, Research Center, Experimental Pathology United States and Therapeutics Group, Research Center, Yohann Loriot, M.D. Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Villejuif, France Portugal, Porto, Portugal Yair Lotan, M.D. Daniel Lin, M.D. Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Center, Dallas, TX, United States United States Shu Lin, Ph.D. Kevin Loughlin, M.D. Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harvard Angeles, California, United States Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Magnus Lindskog, M.D., Ph.D. Giuseppe Lucarelli, M.D., Ph.D. IGP, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation Michael Liss, M.D. - Urology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center Adam Luchey, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States Morgantown, WV, United States Bing Liu, M.D. M.Scott Lucia, M.D. Division of Urology, Kobe, Japan Pathology, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Glenn Liu, M.D. CO, United States Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Amy Luckenbaugh, M.D. University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medi- Madison, Wisconsin, United States cal Center, Nashville, Michigan, Guobin Liu, M.D. United States Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital Timothy Lyon, M.D. of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, China MN, United States 248 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Liam Macleod, M.D., M.P.H. J. Ryan Mark, M.D. Urology, University of Pittsburgh Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States United States Leonard Marks, M.D. Ravi Madan, Urology, Ucla, Los Angeles, CA, United States Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Genitourinary David Marshall, M.D., M.S. Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, Radiation Oncology and Urology, The Medical Uni- United States versity of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United Rabii Madi, States Urology, Augusta University Medical Center, Michal Marszall, Ph.D. Augusta, GA, United States Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Brandon Mahal, M.D. Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United Jeremy Martin, B.A. States Department of Urology, University of California, Sabine Mai, Ph.D. Irvine, Orange, California, United States Physiology, University of Mnaitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Luis Martinez-Pin˜Eiro, M.D., Ph.D, F.E.B.U. Canada Servicio de Urologia, Hospital Universitario Claudio Maia, Ph.D Infanta Sofia, San Sebastia´n de los Reyes, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Inte- Madrid, Spain rior, Covilha, Portugal Thomas Martini, M.D. Danil Makarov, M.D., M.H.S. Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Urology, NYU Urology Associates, New York, NY, Germany, Ulm, Germany United States Ross Mason, M.D. Stanley Malkowicz, Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, United States Canada Jens Mani, Ph.D., M.D. Alexandra Masson-Lecomte, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Urology, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France, Paris, Frankfurt, Germany France Brandon Manley, M.D. Viraj Master, M.D., Ph.D. New York, NY, United States Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States Mark Mann, M.D. Timothy Masterson, M.D. Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, PA, United States Indianapolis, IN, United States Roy Mano, M.D. Surena Matin, M.D. Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer New York, New York, United States Center, Houston, Texas, United States Ahmed Mansour, Nobuaki Matsubara, M.D. Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Oncology and Hematology, National Cancer Center Texas, San Antonio, TX, United States Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Alberto Mantovani, Yoshiyuki Matsui, Ph.D., M.D. Roma, Italy Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Uni- Jodi Maranchie, M.D. versity, Kyoto, Japan, Kyoto, Japan Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, M.D. Pittsburgh, PA, United States Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Daniel Margolis, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Los Angeles, CA, United States Justin Matulay, M.D. Andrea Mari, M.D. Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Department of Urology, University of Florence, Care- Center, Houston, Texas, United States ggi Hospital, Florence, Italy., Firenze, Italy Rich Matulewicz, M.D., M.S. Paramananthan Mariappan, M.B.B.S. (Hons), Ph.D., Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School F.R.C.S. (Urol), F.E.B.U. of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States Department of Urology, Department of Urology, Richard Matulewicz, MS, M.D. Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School United Kingdom of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 249

Roman Mayr, M.D. Badar Mian, M.D. Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Urology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, Germany United States Aure´Lie Mbeutcha, M.D. Omar Mian, Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Gen- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States eral Hospital, Vienna, Austria Bogomir Milojevic, Ph.D. Matthew Mcinnes, M.D. Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Bel- Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; grade, Serbia, Serbia Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Maria Carmen Mir, M.D., Ph.D. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Urology, Fundacio´n Instituto Valenciano Oncologia, Rana Mckay, Valencia, Spain Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Moben Mirza, M.D. Jolla, California, United States Urology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, Victor Mcpherson, M.D. United States Urology, Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Mazin Mislmani, Canada United States Ettore Mearini, Full Professor Abhisek Mitra, Ph.D. Department of General Surgery and Surgical Special- Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, ties, Urological Andrological Surgery and Minimally Texas, United States Invasive Techniques, University of Perugia, Terni, Anirban Mitra, M.D., Ph.D. Italy Urology, University of Southern California, Los Icro Meattini, M.D., Associate Prof Angeles, CA, United States Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clini- Rama Devi Mittal, Ph.D. cal Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Joshua Meeks, M.D. Institute Of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Chicago, United States Uttar Pradesh, India Rohit Mehra, M.D. Hideaki Miyake, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medi- Ann Arbor, MI, United States cine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Sherif Mehralivand, M.D. Makito Miyake, M.D, Ph.D. Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Insti- Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan tute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States David Miyamoto, M.D., Ph.D. Reza Mehrazin, M.D. Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospi- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at tal, Boston, Massachusetts, United States Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Jun Miyazaki, Richard Meijer, M.D., Ph.D, F.E.B.U. Ichikawa, Japan Urology, Department of Urology, University Medical Chinedu Mmeje, M.D. Center Utrecht, The Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Chantal Mengus, Ph.D. Texas, United States Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, Laboratory James Mohler, M.D. 402, Basel University Hospital, ICFS, Basel, Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Switzerland Buffalo, NY, United States Gregory Merrick, M.D. Jeffrey Montgomery, M.D. Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheel- Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michi- ing, West Virginia, United States gan, United States Megan Merrill, D.O. Rodolfo Montironi, M.D., I.F.C.A.P. Columbus, United States Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathol- Edward Messing, ogy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region School of Medicine, University of Rochester, (Ancona), United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy Rochester, NY, United States Caroline Moore, Michael Metcalfe, M.D. EPSOM, Surrey, United Kingdom Houston, United States Carlos Morales, Adam Metwalli, M.D. Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Tor- Department of Surgery, Howard University onto, Canada Hospital, Washington, District Of Columbia, Edwin Morales, M.D. United States United States 250 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Daniel Moreira, M.D. Katie Murray, D.O. Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Department of Surgery-Urology Service, University IL, United States of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States Daley Morera, B.S Nicolas Muruve, M.D. Biochemistry & molecular biology, Augusta Univer- Weston, FL, United States sity, Augusta, GA, United States Tohru Nakagawa, M.D., Ph.D. Jacob Morgan, Urology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, orange, California, United States Japan Alicia Morgans, M.D. Vivek Narayan, M.D. Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, Hematology/Medical Oncology, Hospital of the Uni- United States versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Juan Morote, M.D., Ph.D. United States Urology, Vall d´Hebron University Hospital, Barce- Neema Navai, M.D. lona, Spain Urology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, David Morris, M.D. Texas, United States Nashville, United States Jasmir Nayak, M.D. F.R.C.S.C. Colm Morrissey, Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, United United States States Sebastiano Nazzani, M.D. Fernanda Morrone, Ph.D. Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Faculty of Pharmacy, Pontifı´cia Universidade Milanese, Italy Cato´lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Andreas Nearchou, M.D Brazil Oncology/Pathology Dpt, Karolinska Institute, Stock- Ashkan Mortezavi, M.D. holm Sverige, Solna, Sweden Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Andrea Necchi, M.D. Switzerland Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Gerard Morton, M.D. Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Milan, Italy Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunny- Kenneth Nepple, M.D. brook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa Marco Moschini, M.D. City, IA, United States Urology, Department of Urology, Urological Daniel Nguyen, M.D. Research Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Urology, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland Raffaele Scientific Institute/Luzerner Kantonsspital, Hao Nguyen, M.D., Ph.D. 30748, Klinik fu¨r Urologie, Luzern, Switzerland, Department of Urology, University of California, San Milan, Italy Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Can- Kelvin Moses, M.D., Ph.D. cer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt Univer- Paul Nguyen, M.D. sity, Nashville, TN, United States Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Javid Moslehi, M.D. Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States Alan Nieder, Matthew Mossanen, M.D. Division of Urology, Columbia UniversitY, Miami Division of Urology, Brigham and Women’s Hospi- Beach, FL, United States tal, Boston, MA, United States Guenter Niegisch, M.D. Hugh Mostafid, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.S. (Urol), F.E.B.U. Department of Urology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dept of Urology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, Duessel- Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom dorf, Germany Marcella Mottolese Matt Nielsen, M.D. Raj Mummadi Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, UNC United States Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Adam Murphy, M.D., M.B.A. Carolina Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Parvaneh Nikpour, Ph.D. Chicago, IL, United States Genetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Declan Murphy, F.R.C.S. Urol Isfahan, Iran (Islamic Republic of) Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Yasumasa Nishimura, Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia Osaka-Sayama, Japan / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 251

Jeff Nix, M.D. Michael Ortiz, Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Bir- New York, NY, United States mingham, Alabama, United States Muhammet Ozcan, M.D. Norio Nonomura, M.D. Urology, Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Japan Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Giacomo Novara, M.D., F.E.B.U. Vignesh Packiam, M.D. Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padova, Italy Susan Padalecki, Ph.D. Rafael Nunez-Nateras, M.D. Dept of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Urology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States Yaw Nyame, M.D., M.B.A. Vincenzo Pagliarulo, M.D. Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Sezione di Urologia, Facolta di Medicina e Chirugia - Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Universita` di Bari, Bari, Bari, Italy Timo Nykopp, Sumanta Pal, M.D. Finland Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, Colin Ockleford, D.Sc., F.R.C.Path City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, CA, United States Lancaster, LANCS, United Kingdom Ganesh Palapattu, M.D. Jorg Oddens, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Urology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amster- Arbor, MI, United States dam, Netherlands Michael Palese, M.D. Anobel Odisho, M.D., M.P.H. Urology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New Department of Urology, University of California, York, NY, United States San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, Chin-Chen Pan, United States Taipei, Taiwan Michael O’Donnell, M.D. Chong-Xian Pan, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa Sacramento, CA, United States City, IA, United States Jorge Panach-Navarrete, M.D. Peter O’Donnell, M.D. Department of urology, University Clinic Hospital of United States Valencia, Valencia, Spain Chikara Ohyama, M.D. Hardev Pandha, Ph.D., M.D. Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom Tim Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P. Edmond Paquette, M.D. Dept. of Medical Oncology, St Barts & Royal Urology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, fairfax, VA, United London, School of Medicine, London, States United Kingdom Rahul Parikh, Carl Olsson, United States North Hills, NY, United States Emily Park, Gu¨lpinar O¨ mer, Canada Ankara, Turkey Daniel Parker, M.D. Brock Oneil, M.D. Urology, Department of Urology, The University of Surgery, Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Oklahoma Health Sciences Center & The Stephenson UT, United States Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Okla- Michael Ong, M.D. homa City, Oklahoma, United States Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Cen- Alan Partin, M.D. tre, Ottawa, Canada United States Htoo Zarni Oo, M.B.B.S., Ph.D. Sanjay Patel, M.D. Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Oklahoma City, OK, United States Vancouver, BC, Canada Oliver Patschan, M.D., Ph.D. Moshe Ornstein, M.D., M.A. Translational Medicine, Malmo¨, Sweden Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Christian Pavlovich, M.D. Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, Urology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States United States David Penson, M.D., M.P.H. Anna Orsola, M.D. Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, France Tennessee 252 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Ana Pereira, Morgan Pokorny, M.B.C.H.B., Ph.D., F.R.A.C.S. (Urol) Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, Portu- Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New guese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal Zealand C. Perez-Stable, Ph.D. Thomas Polascik, M.D. United States Urology/Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Nathan Perlis, M.D., M.Sc. Durham, NC, United States Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Fikriye Polat, of Toronto, University Health Network, toronto, ON, Turkey Canada A. Pollack, M.D. Scott Perrapato, D.O., F.A.C.O.S. United States Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division Sima Porten, M.D., M.P.H. of Urology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, United United States States Firas Petros, M.D. Michael Porter, M.D., M.S Urology, Department of Urology, The University of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Toledo, OH, United States United States Aaron Potretzke, M.D. Charles Peyton, M.D. Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Frederic Pouliot, M.D., Ph.D. Tampa, Florida, United States Quebec, Canada Khanh Pham, M.D. Isaac Powell, Kirkland, WA, United States Detroit, MI, United States Martin Pichler, Nicholas Power, M.D. Graz, Austria University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Renate Pichler, M.D., F.E.B.U., Ph.D. Sandip Prasad, M.D., M.Phil. Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Innsbruck, Austria Charleston, SC, United States Kenneth Pienta, M.D. Felix Preisser, M.D. Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, Department of Urology, University Hospital Frank- United States furt, Frankfurt, Germany Francesco Pierconti, Mark Preston, M.D., M.P.H. Pathology, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Urology, Department of Urology, Brigham Rome, Italy and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, Phillip Pierorazio, United States James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Kathy Pritchard-Jones, B.M.B.Ch., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.C.H., F. Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States R.C.P. (Edin) Morand Piert, M.D. Institute of Child Health, University College London, Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, London, United Kingdom Michigan, United States Sarah Psutka, M.D., M.Sc. Eugene Pietzak, M.D. Urology, University of Washington School of Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Memo- Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States rial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New Yeong-Shiau Pu, York, United States Taipei, Taiwan Roberto Pili, M.D. Phillipe Puech, United States France Paul Pinsky, Ph.D Miha Pukl, MD, F.E.B.U. Div of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Urology, GH Celje, Celje, Slovenia Bethesda, Maryland, United States Sanoj Punnen, Guillaume Ploussard, M.D., Ph.D. Miami, FL, United States Urology, Saint Jean Languedoc Hospital, Toulouse, Mark Purdue, Ph.D. France NCI, Rockville, MD, United States Michael Poch, Luis Quinones, Ph.D. Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, ICBM, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Tampa, FL, United States Farhang Rabbani, M.D. Kamal S. Pohar, M.D. Surgery, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, United States Newnan, GA, United States / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 253

Derek Raghavan, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P., F.R.A.C.P., Henning Reis, M.D. F.A.S.C.O. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, System, Charlotte, NC, United States NW, Germany Soroush Rais-Bahrami, M.D. Leonardo Reis, M.D., M.Sc, Ph.D. Department of Urology and Radiology, University of Urology/Oncology, Pontifical Catholic University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil States Rui Reis, Ph.D. Ganesh Raj, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Can- Dallas, TX, United States cer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil Singh Rajender, Ph.D. Sabrina Reis, Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Urology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Lucknow, India Sao Paulo, Brazil Pawel Rajwa, M.D. Matthew Resnick, M.D. Department of Urology, Medical University of Sile- Urology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, sia, Zabrze, Poland United States Safaa Ramadan, M.D., Ph.D. Margitta Retz, M.D. Medical Oncology, NCI, Cairo, Egypt Dept. of Urology, Rechts der Isar Medical Jay Raman, M.D. Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Urology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Cen- Germany ter, Hershey, PA, United States Reviewer First Name Reviewer Last Name, Degree Edward Rampersaud, M.D. Department, Institution, City, State, Country Durham, NC, United States Kevin Rice, M.D. Sunil Rangarajan, M.B.B.S. Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Hem/Onc, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Medical Center, Bethesda, Indiana, United States Birmingham, AL, United States Patrick Richard, M.D., F.R.C.S.C. Maria Rosaria Raspollini, M.D., Ph.D. Department of surgery, service d’urologie, Centre Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Univer- Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, sity Hospital Careggi; Florence, Florence, Italy PQ, Canada Art Rastinehad, D.O. Kyle Richards, M.D. Urology and Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Urology, The University of Wisconsin School of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, W. Kimryn Rathmell, Ph.D., M.D. United States Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, Jennifer R. Rider, Sc.D. United States Department of Epidemiology, Boston Kun-Ming Rau, M.D. University School of Public Health, Boston, Division of Hematology Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang MA, United States Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, N/A, Taiwan Sabine Riethdorf, Ph.D. Steffen Rausch, M.D. Department of Tumor Biology, Department Depatment of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Tu¨bingen, Tu¨bingen, Germany Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg, Zachary Reardon, Germany Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Stephen Riggs, M.D. Nashville, TN, United States Urology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Health- William Redmond, Ph.D. care System, Charlotte, United States Cancer Research, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Maud Rijnders, M.D. Portland, OR, United States Rotterdam, Netherlands Adam Reese, M.D. Michael Rink, M.D. Urology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Department of Urology, University Medical Center Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany Chad Reichard, M.D. Michael Risk, M.D. Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Urology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneap- Center, Houston, TX, United States olis, Minnesota, United States Zachery Reichert, M.D., Ph.D. Benjamin Ristau, M.D. Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Con- Arbor, MI, United States necticut, United States 254 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Chad Ritch, M.D., M.B.A. Charles Ryan, M.D. Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Med- Medicine, Urologic Oncology Program, Helen Diller icine, Miami, Florida, United States Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Manuel Ritter, California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United Germany States Morgan Roberts, Ph.D. Ramses Sadek, Ph.D. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British United States Columbia, Canada Daniel Sadowski, M.D., M.Phil. Alejandro Rodriguez, M.D. Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois Uni- Urology, Samaritan Medical Center, Watertown, NY, versity School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United United States States Craig Rogers, M.D. Joseph Safdieh, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, United States Detroit, MI, United States Arthur Sagalowsky, M.D. Florian Roghmann, M.D. Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Urology, Department of Urology, Ruhr-University TX, United States Bochum, Marien Hospital, Herne, Germany, Herne, Ashish Saini, M.S., M.Ch., D.N.B. Germany Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Tracy Rose, M.D. NewDelhi, India Chapel Hill, NC, United States Ryoichi Saito, M.D., Ph.D. Andrew Rosenkrantz, M.D., M.P.A. Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New Japan York, NY, United States Daitoku Sakamuro, Ph.D. Ashley Ross, M.D., Ph.D. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta Uni- Baltimore, MD, United States versity, Augusta, Georgia, United States Phillip Ross, M.D. Simpa Salami, M.D., M.P.H. Urology, Oakland, CA, United States Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michi- Charles Rosser, M.D., M.B.A. gan, United States Translational and Clinical Research, University of Ahmed Salem, M.D. Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United Radiation Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center, States Amman, Jordan Beat Roth, PD, M.D. Antonio S. Salinas Sa´Nchez, Ph.D., M.D. Urologie, Urologische Universitaetsklinik, Bern, Urologı´a. Ciencias Me´dicas, SESCAM. Universidad Switzerland de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain Mathieu Roumiguie, Amirali Salmasi, Urology, Chu Rangueil, Toulouse, France Urology, UCSD, San Diego, California, United States Morgan Roupret, M.D., Ph.D. Georg Salomon, Academic Urology Unit, Pitie´-Salpe´trie`re, Paris, Martini klinik, 20253, Germany France Jesse Sammon, D.O. Steven Rowe, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Urology and Center for Outcomes Radiology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center, States Portland, ME, United States Trevor Royce, Marta Sanchez-Carbayo, Ph.D. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States Translational Oncology Lab, University of the Bas- Christopher Russell, M.D. que Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Urology, Department of Urology, University of Rafael Sanchez-Salas, M.D. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsou- Giorgio Ivan Russo, ris, Paris, France Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy Howard Sandler, M.D. Paul Russo, M.D. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States Urological Cancers - Dept. of Urology, Thomas Sanford, M.D. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Urology, University of California San Francisco, San New York, NY, United States Francisco, CA, United States / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 255

Satya Sankhwar, M.Ch. Shomik Sengupta, Urology, King George Medical University, Luknow, Urology, Austin Health, Glen Waverley, Australia Uttar Pradesh, India Irine Sergeeva, Alexander Sankin, Samara, Russian Federation Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, Wade Sexton, M.D. New York, United States Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Daniel Santa Mina, Ph.D. Tampa, FL, United States Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of John Sfakianos, M.D. Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada urology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Fabiano Santos, Ph.D. New York, United States Oncology - Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Karen Sfanos, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada Baltimore, United States Naoto Sassa, M.D. Ahmad Shabsigh, M.D. Urolology, Nagoya University, Graduate School Urology, Ohio State University Medical Center, of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan Columbus, OH, United States Kristen Scarpato, M.D. Jay Shah, M.D. Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, TN, United States United States George Schade, M.D. Paras Shah, M.D. Department of Urology, University of Washington, Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Seattle, WA, United States Minnesota, United States Douglas S. Scherr, M.D. Sumit Shah, M.D., M.P.H. United States Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, Marianne Schmid, M.D. United States Center for Surgery and Public Health and Division of Taimur Shah, Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 1. Charing Cross Hospital 2. Imperial College London 3. Harvard Medical School, Go¨ttingen, Massachusetts, University College London, London, United Kingdom Germany Prasad Shankar, M.D. Bernd Schmitz-Drager, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Urology, Urologie24 and Friedrich-Alexander Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States University, Erlangen Bavaria, Germany Oleg Shapiro, Mark Schoenberg, M.D. Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, Bronx, NY, United States United States Florian Schroeck, M.D., M.S. Shahrokh Shariat, M.D. Urology, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United Dept. of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell States University, New York, New York, United States Gerald Schulz, M.D. Alpana Sharma, Ph. D. Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of University, Munich, Germany Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India Wolfgang Schulz, Ph.D. Pranav Sharma, M.D. Urology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Tampa, Florida, United States Germany Vidit Sharma, M.D. Michael Schweizer, M.D. Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Michael Shen, Ph.D. Christian Schwentner, Depts. of Medicine and Genetics and Development, Tuebingen, Germany Columbia University Medical Center, New York, William See, NY, United States Urology, Medical College of Wisconson, Amir Sherif, Ass. Prof. M.D., Ph.D. Milwaukee, WI, United States Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Roland Seiler, M.D. Urology and Andrology, Umea˚ University, Ta¨by, Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Sweden Bern, Switzerland Benkang Shi, Ph.D Thomas Seisen, Jr. Jinan, China Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Cre´teil, France Nobuo Shinohara, M.D. Christian Seitz, M.D. Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Gradu- Vienna, Austria ate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 256 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Masaki Shiota, Gottfrid Sjodahl, Department of Urology, Kyushu University, Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden Fukuoka, Japan Carin Sjo¨stro¨m, Jonathan Shoag, M.D. Eila Skinner, M.D. Urology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cor- Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United nell Medical College, New York, NY, United States States Neal Shore, M.D. Ted Skolarus, MD, M.P.H. Urology, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Urology, Urologic Oncology & Health Services Beach, FL, United States Research, University of Michigan & VA Ann Timothy Showalter, M.D., M.P.H. Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of United States Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States Susan Slovin, M.D., Ph.D. Brian Shuch, M.D. Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Urology, UCLA School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States Los angeles, CA, United States Marc Smaldone, M.D. Sanjeev Shukla, Ph.D Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Phila- Cleveland, OH, United States delphia, PA, United States Chih-Rong Shyr, Angela Smith, M.D. Taichung, Taiwan Urology, UNC Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Caro- Mohummad Siddiqui, M.D. lina, United States Urology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, Armine Smith, M.D. United States Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, DC, United States Genitourinary medical oncology, The M. D. Ander- Norm Smith, M.D. son Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States Surgery-Section of Urology, University of Chicago, D. Robert Siemens, Chicago, IL, United States Urology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Zachary Smith, M.D. Canada Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Sur- Danijel Sikic, M.D. gery, Washington University in St. Louis, ST. Louis, University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Urol- Missouri, United States ogy, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany Eduardo Solsona, M.D. Jonathan Silberstein, M.D. Spain Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Geoffrey Sonn, M.D. Orleans, LA, United States Urology, Stanford, Stanford, CA, United States Hong Gee Sim, M.D. Guru Sonpavde, M.D. Singapore, Singapore Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United Eric Singer, M.D., M.A., F.A.C.S. States Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Insti- Mathew Sorensen, M.D., M.S., F.A.C.S. tute of New Jersey, Belle Mead, NJ, United States Department of Urology, University of Washington Karandeep Singh, M.D., M.M.Sc. School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, States United States Francesco Soria, M.D. Parminder Singh, Division of urology, Department of Scottsdale, AZ, United States Surgical Sciences, University of the Shailesh Singh, Ph.D. Studies of Torino, San Giovanni Battista Micribiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, More- Hospital, Torino, Italy house School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Roman Sosnowski, Ph.D. Udit Singhal, Uro-oncology, Cancer Center and Institute, Warsaw, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Poland United States Adam Sowalsky, Ph.D. Nirmish Singla, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Dallas, Texas, United States United States Kanishka Sircar, M.D. Massimiliano Spaliviero, M.D. Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Hous- Urology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, ton, Texas, United States United States / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 257

Philippe Spiess, M.D., M.S. Sumeet Syan-Bhanvadia, M.D. Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Division of Institute of Urology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, United Urology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research States Institute, Tampa, FL, United States Tibor Szarvas, Ph.D. Daniel Spratt, M.D. University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, NRW, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Germany Preston Sprenkle, M.D. Russell Szmulewitz, M.D. Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States United States Arun Sreekumar, William Tabayoyong, United States Houston, TX, United States Abhishek Srivastava, M.D. Scott Tagawa, M.D., M.S. Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill NY, United States Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United Walter Stadler, M.D. States University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Hisashi Takeuchi, M.D., Ph.D. Lambros Stamatakis, Urology, The University of Texas MD Chevy Chase, MD, United States Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Gary Steinberg, M.D. United States Surgery/Urology, University of Chicago medicine, Hung-Jui Tan, M.D., M.S.H.P.M. Chicago, Illinois, United States Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Andrew Stephenson, M.D. NC, United States Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Wei Shen Tan, MRCS Ohio, United States Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, C.J. Stimson, M.D., J.D. University College London, London, United The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Kingdom at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, Nobuyuki Tanaka, M.D., Ph.D. United States Department of Urology, Keio University School of Richard Stock, M.D. Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United Dominic Tang, M.D. States Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States Nelson Stone, Simon Tanguay, United States Canada Kelly Stratton, M.D. Ryuta Tanimoto, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma, Urology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Oklahoma City, OK, United States Japan Maxine Sun, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States United States Der-Cherng Tarng, M.D., Ph.D. Yinghao Sun, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Urology, Changhai hospital, Shanghai, China Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taipei Hyun Hwan Sung, Ph.D., M.D. City, Taiwan Seoul, Korea, Republic of Thomas Tarter, M.D., Ph.D. Francesca Suriano, Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medi- Urology, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, cine, Springfield, Illinois, United States rome, Italy Renato Tassi, M.D. Douglas Sutherland, M.D. Oncology, University of Florence, Oncology Urology, MultiCare Health System, University Place, Department, 2nd Oncology Unit, Azienda WA, United States Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Robert Svatek, M.D., M.S.C.I. Italy, Italy Urologic Oncology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, Benjamin Taylor, M.D. United States Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Randy Sweis, M.D. New York, NY, USA, New York, NY, United States Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology/ Jennifer Taylor, M.D. Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, IL, United States United States 258 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Rahul Tendulkar, M.D. Donald Trump, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland United States Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Matthew Truong, M.D. Lichen Teng, Ph.D., M.D. Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Harbin Medical Rochester, New York, United States University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China Baris Turkbey, M.D. Martha Terris, M.D. NCI, NIH, Molecular Imaging Program, Bethesda, Section of Urology, Medical College of Georgia, MD, United States Augusta, Georgia, United States Levent Tu¨Rkeri, M.D., Ph.D. Ivarne Tersariol, Ph.D. Department of Urology, Ac?badem University, Istan- Biochemistry, UNIFESP-SP, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil bul, Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey Kishore Thekke Adiyat, M.ch. Mark Tyson, M.D. Urology, Aster Medcity, cohin, Kerala, India Urology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, Alan Thong, M.D. United States Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stan- Edward Uchio, ford, CA, United States United States Derya Tilki, M.D. Aaron Udager, Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Ann Arbor, United States Minor Outlying Islands Hamburg, Germany Joseph Unger, Ph.D. Tilman Todenhoefer, M.D. Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Dept. of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tu¨bin- Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, gen, Tu¨bingen, Germany United States Matthew Tollefson, M.D. Ahmet Urkmez, M.D. Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Dept. of Urology, Haydarpasa Numune Research and MN, United States Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Jeffrey Tomaszewski, M.D. Robert Uzzo, M.D. Surgery, Division of Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Department of Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Center at Cooper, Camden, NJ, United States Philadelphia, PA, United States Scott Tomlins, M.D., Ph.D. Riccardo Vago, Ph.D. Pathology and Urology, University of Michigan Med- Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele ical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Hospital, Milano, Italy Paul Toren, M.D., Ph.D. Ulka Vaishampayan, M.D. Department of Surgery, CHU de Que´bec-Universite´ Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, Laval Research Centre (Oncology Division), Univer- United States site´ Laval Cancer Research Centre and Department Sonia Vallet, M.D. of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universite´ Laval, NCT, medical oncology, Heidelberg University, Hei- Quebec, Quebec, Canada delberg, BW, Germany Jeffrey Tosoian, MD, M.P.H. Theo Van Der Kwast, Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michi- Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, gan, United States Canada Karim Touijer, M.D., M.P.H. Kim Van Kessel, Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, New York, NY, United States Netherlands arno Van Leenders, M.D. Edouard Trabulsi, M.D. Netherlands Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Bas Van Rhijn, M.D., Ph.D., F.E.B.U. PA, United States Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute Quoc-Dien Trinh, M.D. - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical Netherlands School, Boston, MA, United States Sooryanarayana Varambally, Ph.D. Abhishek Tripathi, Pathology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Bir- OK, United States mingham, AL, United States Bruce Trock, Ph.D. Mihai Dorin Vartolomei, Ph.D., M.D. Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Balti- Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine more, Maryland, United States and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 259

Ian Vela, M.D. Yanqing Wang, Brisbane, Australia Shanghai, China Laura Vella, Yong Wang, Ph.D., M.D. Malte Vetterlein, M.D. Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, University Medical Center Tianjin, China Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany Zhaohui Wang, David Victorson, Duke University, Durham, United States Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Zhou Wang, Ph.D. Evanston, United States Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, Adriana C Vidal, Ph. D. United States Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, Joshua Warrick, M.D. United States Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Eugenio Vilanova, Prof. PA, United States Institute of Bioengineering, University, Elche, Spain Samuel Washington Iii, M.D. Luca Villa, Urology, University of California, San Francisco, NA, Italy San Francisco, California, United States Nicholas Vogelzang, M.D. Edward Weber, A˚ land Islands United States Robert Volk, Ph.D. Qiang Wei, M.D. Health Services Research, MD Anderson Cancer Department of urology, West China Hospital, Insti- Center, Houston, TX, United States tute of urology, chengdu, China Bjoern Volkmer, M.D. Christopher Weight, M.D., M.S. Germany Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, Christoph-Alexander Von Klot, M.D. United States Department for Urology and Urological Oncology, Adam Weiner, M.D. Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, Germany United States Friedrich-Carl Von Rundstedt, Jeffrey Weinreb, Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of United States Medicine, Houston, TX, United States Robert Weiss, M.D. Srinivas Vourganti, M.D. Urology, Rutgers-Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Urology, Rush University Medical New Brunswick, NJ, United States Center, Chicago, IL, United States Alon Weizer, M.D. Natalija Vukovic, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Nisˇ, Serbia Arbor, MI, United States Nikhil Waingankar, M.D., MSHP Christopher Welty, M.D. Urology, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, NY, United States Seattle, WA, United States David Wallace, Ph.D. Ryan Werntz, M.D. Pharmacology, Oklahoma State University Center for Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States United States Christopher Wallis, M.D., Ph.D. Felix Wezel, M.D., M.Sc. Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Dept. of Urology, University Medical Center Ontario, Canada Mannheim, Ulm, Germany Lauren Wallner, PhD, M.P.H. Wesley White, M.D. Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Division of Urologic Surgery, The University Arbor, Michigan, of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Knoxville, United States TN, United States Guannan Wang, Ph.D. Martin Wilks, M.D., Ph.D. pending, pending, New York, NY, United States Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Jiaojiao Wang, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Augusta, Georgia, United States Michael Williams, M.D., M.S. Wei Wang, Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Beach, VA, United States Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Daniel Willis, M.D. Guangzhou, China Tacoma, United States 260 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Kathryn Wilson, Sc.D. Jing Xiao, Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Health, Brookline, MA, United States Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Andrew Winer, M.D. Wen Xiao, Ph.D Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brook- Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen lyn, NY, United States University, Xiamen, Fujian, China Brian Winters, M.D. Hongyan Xu, Ph.D. Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash- Augusta, United States ington, United States Hua Xu, Ph.D. J. Alfred Witjes, Ph.D. Department of Urology, Department of Urology, Tongji Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univer- Netherlands sity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Hubei Daniela Wittmann, Ph.D., M.S.W. Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China, Wuhan, China Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Jianfeng Xu, United States Research Institute, NorthShore University HealthSys- Solomon Woldu, M.D. tem, Evanston, IL, United States UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United Evanguelos Xylinas, M.D., Ph.D. States Urology, Cochin Hospital Paris Descartes University, J. Stuart Wolf, Jr., M.D. Paris, France Department of Surgery, Dell Medical School of the Kosj Yamoah, M.D., Ph.D. University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United Department of Radiation Oncology & Cancer Epide- States miology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Paul Womble, M.D., F.A.C.S. Institute, Tampa, PA, United States Department of Urology, Naval Medical Center, Ports- Jonathan Yamzon, M.D. mouth, Portsmouth, VA, United States Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Christopher Wood, M.D. United States Urology, Department of Urology, The University of Chunhong Yan, Ph.D. Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States GA, United States Michael Woods, Jin Yang, Ph.D, M.D. Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, May- Department of Cell Biology, Chonqing, China wood, Illinois, United States Kai Yao, M.D. Jonathan Wright, M.D. Department of Urology, Department of Urology,Sun Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Yat-sen University Cancer Center and State Key Lab- United States oratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, Matthew Wszolek, M.D. China Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Xin Yao, Ph.D. & M.D. MA, United States Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tianjin Changli Wu, Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Urology, Tianjin institute of urology, Tianjin, China Tianjin, China Guan Wu, M.D., P.H.D. Stanley Yap, M.D. Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, Rochester, NY, United States United States Ming-Ju Wu, M.D., Ph.D. Travis Yates, Ph.D. Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Phila- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Tai- delphia, United States wan, Taiwan Sertac Yazici, M.D. Wen-Jeng Wu, M.D. Department of Urology, Hacettepe University School Kaohsiung, Taiwan of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Xifeng Wu, M.D. Akira Yokomizo, Ph.D., M.D. Houston, United States Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, James Wysock, M.D., M.S. Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Urology, New York University Langone Soichiro Yoshida, M.D., Ph.D. Medical Center, New York, NY, Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Grad- United States uate School, Tokyo, Japan / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262 261

Ramy Youssef Yaacoub, M.D. Liqun Zhou, M.D./Ph.D. Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, Department of Urology, Peking University First CA, United States Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, Evan Yu, M.D. Beijing, China University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Xiaofeng Zhou, United States China James Yu, M.D. Yasheng Zhu, Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China United States Matthew Zibelman, M.D. Zhuang Yu, Medical Oncology, Temple Fox Chase Cancer Cen- Qingdao, China ter, Philadelphia, PA, United States Xueli Yuan, Alex Zlotta, M.D. Haerbin, Heilongjiang, China Toronto, Canada Bertram Yuh, M.D., M.S.H.C.P.M., M.I.S.M. Luis Eduardo Zucca, M.Sc. Urologic Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Clinical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barre- Center, Duarte, CA, United States tos, Brazil Vladimir Yutkin, M.D. Tahlita Zuiverloon, M.D. - Ph.D. Urology, University of Western Ontario, London, Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands Ontario, Canada Debra Zynger, M.S., M.D. Harras Zaid, Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Cen- Institute of Urology, Lahey Hospital and Medical ter, Columbus, Ohio, United States Center, Burlington, MA, United States Luca Boeri, M.D. Piotr Zareba, M.D. Department of Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ United States Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University Homayoun Zargar, M.B.Ch.B., F.R.A.C.S. (Urol) of Milan, Milan, Italy Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Nicholas Cost, M.D. Australia Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Univer- Kamran Zargar-Shoshtari, M.B.Ch.B., M.D., F.R.A.C.S. sity of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, (Urol) United States Urology, University ofAuckland, Auckland, New Zachary Klaassen, M.D. Zealand Division of Urology, Medical College of Georgia - Mike Zelefsky, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States United States Alexander Glaser, M.D. Yu Zeng, Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Urology, The Cancer Hospital of China Medical Chicago, IL, United States Universit, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Michael Gorin, M.D. Shenyang, Liaoning, China The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Feng Zhang, M.D. Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University Xi’an, Shaanxi, China School of Medicine Shuping Zhang, Gabriel Haas, M.D., F.A.C.S. Cambridge, United States Medical Affairs-global, Astellas Pharma lobal Devel- Tian Zhang, M.D. opment, Inc., Northbrook, IL, United States Department of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Takashige Abe, M.D./Ph.D. Durham, North Carolina, United States Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Gradu- Xiang Zhang, Ph.D., M.D. ate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong Sabine Brookman-May, Ph.D., M.D. University, Jinan, China LMU Munich, Dept. of Urology, Munich, Germany Bo Zhao, Mark Ball, M.D. Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Insti- Cleveland, OH, United States tute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Xu Zhen, Ph.D. United States Department of Neurosurgery, UT Health Gang Wang, M.D., Ph.D. Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, Pathology, BC Cancer Vancouver Centre, Vancou- United States ver, British Columbia, Canada 262 / Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 37 (2019) 229−262

Debasish Sundi, M.D. Sarrah Lahorewala, Urology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States OH Edmund Chiong, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., F.R.C.S.Ed., F.R.C.S.I., Aditya Bagrodia, M.D. F.A.M.S. Urology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States Urology, National University Health System, Jose A Pedrosa, M.D. Singapore, Singapore Urology, Department of Urology, Indiana University, Safiye Aktas, M.D., Ph.D. Indianapolis, IN, United States Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Izmir, Turkey William Parker, M.D. Maximilien Goris Gbenou, M.D. Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kan- Urology, Centre Hospitalier de Valence, Valence, sas City, KS, United States 26000, Belgium Chendil Damodaran, Ph.D/ Parth Modi, M.D., M.S. Urology, Univiersity of Louisville, Louisville, KY, Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michi- United States gan, United States Stephen Williams, M.D. Clint Cary, M.D., M.P.H. Urology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Galveston, TX, United States Indianapolis, Indiana, United States