The State of Food and Agriculture, 1964
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ot toe released by the press before 10:00 GMT THE STATE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1964 CL 43/4 HE STA E 00 AD AGM CULrfURE 14 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME 1964 The statistical material in this publication has been prepared frOM the information available to FAO up to 15 July 1964. The designations employed and the presenta- tion of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever On the part of the Secretariat of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimination of its frontiers. C) FAO 1964 Printed in Italy CONTENTS Foreword 1 L Summary 3 II. World review and outlook 15 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 15 Production and population 15 Production for export and domestic consumption 17 Regional agricultural production 21 Main agricultural commodities 24 Fishery production 25 Forestry production 26 Agricultural production outlook for 1964/65 28 CHANGES IN STOCKS 29 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND THE DEMAND FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 32 FOOD SUPPLIES AND CONSUMPTION 33 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 36 Main developments in 1963 36 Price_ trends 39 AgricUitinaT trade of the U.S.S.R., eastern Europe and Mainland China 43 Earnings from agricultural exports 45 Agricultural trade policies in developing countries 48 Agricultural trade policies in industrialized countries 55 Agricultural trade policies in centrally planned countries 58 International commodity agreements and consultations 59 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 61 FARM PRICES AND INCOMES 66 Farm incomes 68 CONSUMER PRICES 70 AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENT PLANS 72 North America 75 Western Europe 76 Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R. 78 Australia and New Zealand 80 Latin America 81 Far East 84 Near East 87 Africa 88 Fishery policies 91 Forest policies 93 Protein nutrition: needs and prospects 98 INTRODUCTION 98 PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF PROTEIN NUTRITION 99 Prevalence of protein malnutrition 101 Estimation of protein requirements 102 Protein value of foods 104 PROTEIN CONSUMPTION LEVELS 106 Main sources of protein 108 Protein consumption compared with requirements 110 Factors affecting protein consumption 111 PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING PROTEIN SUPPLIES AND CONSUMPTION 116 Main food groups 117 Protein concentrates for human food 123 Unconventional sources of food protein 124 Marketing and related problems 125 Consumption problems and nutrition education 127 Cost of protein 129 ORIENTATION OF FOOD SUPPLIES TO MEET NUTRITIONAL NEEDS 130 Synthetics and their effects on agricultural trade 133 INTRODUCTION 133 Types of synthetics 134 Production trends 135 End-uses of synthetics 136 Price movements 137 Effects on demand for agricultural raw materials 138 Prospects 139 Implications for production policies 141 Other possible measures 142 RUBBER 143 Types and properties of synthetic rubber 143 Trends in synthetic rubber production 144 Trade in synthetic rubber 145 Trends in the demand for natural and synthetic rubber 146 Prices of natural and synthetic rubber 150 vi Effects on trade in natural rubber 152 Factors influencing competition between natural and synthetic rubber 153 Production and consumption prospects 157 APPAREL FIBERS 160 Types and properties of man-made fibers 160 Production and trade in man-made fibers 161 Trends in the demand for natural and man-made fibers 162 Prices of natural and man-made fibers 168 Effects on trade in natural fibers 170 Factors influencing competition between natural and man-made fibers 171 Production and consumption prospects 174 FATS AND OILS 177 Properties of synthetic detergents and soaps 177 Trends in production 178 Effects on the demand for fats and oils 180 Production and consumption prospects 181 FIIDES AND SKINS 182 Trends in footwear production 183 Trends in prices 185 Effects on trade in hides and skins 186 Prospects for consumption, production and trade 187 Artnex tables Indices of total agricultural production, by countries and regions 195 Indices of per caput agriculural production, by countries and regions 197 Indices of total food production, by countries and regions 199 Indices of per caput food production, by countries and regions 201 World production of major commodities 203 World exports of major commodities 204 Western Europe: Production of major commodities 205 Western Europe: Exports and imports of major commodities 206 Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R.: Production of major cornmodities 207 Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R.: Exports and imports of major commodities 208 U.S.S.R.: Production and exports of forest products 209 North America: Production of major conunodities 210 North America: Exports and imports of major commodities 211 Oceania: Production of major commodities 212 Oceania: Exports and imports of major commodities 212 Latin America: Production of major commodities 213 Latin America: Exports and imports of major commodities 214 Far East (excluding Mainland China): Production of major commodities 215 Far East (excluding Mainland China): Exports and imports of major commodities216 Near East: Production of major commodities 217 Near East: Exports and imports of major commodities 218 Africa: Production of major commodities 219 Africa: Exports and imports of major commodities 220 12. Total catch (live weight) of fish, crustaceans, and mollusks in selected countries 221 vii 13. United States Commodity Credit Corporation: Quantity and value of investment 223 Food supplies available for human consumption in selected countries 224 Calorie and protein content of national average food supplies in selected countries 227 Regional and world indices of volume and value of agricultural imports, by commodity groups 230 Regional and world indices of volume and value of agricultural exports, by commodity groups 232 World average export unit values of agricultural products 234 World average export unit values of forest products 236 Calculation of the target protein supply for a hypothetical country 237 Per caput protein supplies in selected countries, average 1957-59 238 vu List of figures II-1. Trends in food production per caput in regions, subregions, and selected countries 18 II- 2. Changes in production from 1948/49-1952/53 to 1960/61-1962/63 in the developing regions of selected commodities mainly exported and mainly for domestic consumption, in comparison with total agricultural production and with population growth 20 II- 3. Indices of the main stocks of agricultural commodities in the world and North America 29 II- 4. Estimated per caput food production, net trade, and supplies, by region 35 II- 5. Average export unit values (average prices) of selected agricultural products in world trade 41 II- 6. Volume and real value of agricultural exports, by regions 47 7. Changes in indices of prices paid and received by farmers, and in the relationship between the two indices, 1963 in relation to the previous year 67 1. Distribution of the population of the world according to daily intake of total protein and animal protein 107 III- 2. Per caput protein supplies from major food groups, by region 110 III- 3. Daily intake of total protein and animal protein in relation to per caput income, by country 112-113 IV- 1. Some markets lost to synthetics 136 IV- 2. World consumption of elastomers and apparel fibers, 1952 to 1963 139 IV- 3. World production of natural and synthetic rubber, 1950 to 1962 143 IV- 4. Natural and synthetic rubber prices, New York, 1953 to 1963 152 IV- 5. World production of natural and man-made fibers, 1953 to 1962 162 IV- 6. United States: Prices of natural and man-made fibers, 1958 to 1963 169 IV- 7. United Kingdom: Prices of natural and man-made fibers, 1958 to1963 169 IV- 8. Production of soap and synthetic detergents in certain countries 179 ix FOREWORD Just as in 1963 the World Food Congress brought the problem of hunger and malnutrition to the center of the world stage, this year attention has been focused by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development on the problems of inter- national trade as a key factor in economic development. The proximity of these two great conferences has brought out how closely linked are the problems with which they dealt.Freedom from hunger can come only from the economic development of the poorer countries, where at present the health and well-being of so many of the population are severely impaired by the inadequacy of their diets. Although foreign aid can help greatly inincreasing the rate of development in these countries, this depends still more on the foreign exchange they are abletoearn ,from their exports, which is needed to import essential capital goods for the execution of their development plans. In rnost of the developing countries foreign exchange earnings come predominantly from the export of agricultural products. For many years now the agricultural export earnings of the developing countries have been increasing only very slowly, especially in terms of their purchasing power for indus- trial products, and have failed to provide them with their requirements for a satis- factory rate of economic development.The causes of this situation have been examined in detail in past issues of this report.This year's review chapter again gives particular attention to trade questions, and especially toami analysis of the trade policies of both the developing countries and the economically more developed countries over the last decade. Recent movements in world prices for agricultural