DOCSLIB.ORG

ETRMA Feedback to the Inception Impact Assessment of the Revision of the End-Of-Life Vehicles Directive

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Page 1 of 2 ETRMA Feedback to the inception impact assessment of the revision of the End-of-Life vehicles directive Brussels, 17th November 2020 The European Tyre & Rubber Manufacturers’ Association (ETRMA) and its members count around 4.300 companies in the EU, employing directly 360.000 people. We have strong presence in the EU and candidate countries with 93 tyre-producing plants and 17 R&D centres. EU production is estimated in 5.1 million tons of Tyres and 2.3 million tons of General rubber goods. Tyres are essential to the functioning of multiple elements within the mobility system – they have an important role in road safety, they can contribute to CO2 reduction from transport as well as to the optimisation of other performances (e.g. traffic noise), and through more recent technological developments around tyre’s digitalisation they can enable predictive maintenance and reduce traffic congestion, amongst other benefits. For General rubber goods, the automotive sector accounts for 65% of the production including, wiper blades, seals, air and radiator hoses and seatbelts as their main components. Rubber is resistant to several chemicals used in a car and can withstand the heat and cold. Rubber is also used to make gaskets used in cars, which help create a seal so there is no leak when fluids are flowing through junction areas in a pipe or a hose. The current ELV directive considers the vehicle frame. The scope rightly does not include tyres. The management of end of life tyres –once removed from the ELVs – is carried out through national EPR schemes since late 90’s. This approach has been successful so far in collecting and recycling tyres; two-thirds of end of life tyres arising under EPR regime. There are 23 European Producers Responsibility Schemes in Europe and the collection and treatment rate of Tyres have reached up to 92% on 20181. The future revision of the ELV directive shall avoid a change in the scope that hampers and affects the current End-of-Life Tyres, ELT, collection scheme and successful value chain. We signal the need to integrate the ELV directive into the targets and goals of the EU Green Deal and the Circular Economy Actin Plan. In this sense, requirements to include recycled material in the automotive will be investigated in the revision ELV directive. We endorse the principle and endeavours towards recyclability/up-cyclability. However, when it comes to minimum recycled content in tyre production, technologies would still need substantial development and maturity to meet not only demands of the circular economy, but also essential technical performances of tyres. The same applies for general rubber goods. The type of rubber used in each good adapts to the final application. Its function is what defines whether a recycling solution can be used. For instance, it is possible to use micronized rubber powder2 to substitute a percentage of butyl rubber and vulcanized rubber in some 1 Source: ETRMA 2018 2 MRP is typically made from vulcanized elastomeric material, most often from end-of-life tire material, but can also be produced from post-industrial nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), butyl and natural rubber compounds. ETRMA Aisbl European Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers’ Association www.etrma.org Avenue des Arts 2 Box 12 Tel. +32 2 218 49 40 BE-1210 Brussels - Belgium Transparency Register N° 6025320863-10 Page 2 of 2 applications. However, this is not a practice that can be extended to every rubber good for every performance. Therefore, the establishment of a recycled content for GRG goods is still premature and not possible as a general rule. The ELV directive revision shall also address to the new trends in automotive, to mention the increase in electric vehicles and need to address digital data treatment. ETRMA is ready to contribute and help shape the new era of ELV. We offer our support and contribution in the coming stakeholders’ consultation and public consultations. European Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers’ Association members (www.etrma.org). ETRMA represent 93 tyre manufacturing plants spread across EU28, Turkey and other candidate countries employing some 200.000 direct jobs in the tyre sector. ETRMA, represents more than 6.000 companies in EU28, employing 360.000 individuals and supports another 800.000 jobs in related sectors. The product range of its members is extensive from tyres to pharmaceutical, baby care, construction and automotive rubber goods and many more applications. ETRMA members’ turnover in 2016 is approximately € 73 billion, of which up to 5% continues to be invested in R&D, annually. ETRMA’s membership include the following tyre manufacturers: APOLLO VREDESTEIN, BRIDGESTONE EUROPE, BRISA, COOPER TYRES, CONTINENTAL, GOODYEAR DUNLOP TYRES EUROPE, HANKOOK, MARANGONI, MICHELIN, NOKIAN TYRES, PIRELLI, PROMETEON, SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES AND TRELLEBORG WHEEL SYSTEMS. Furthermore, members include Associations in the following countries: Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the UK. ETRMA Aisbl European Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers’ Association www.etrma.org Avenue des Arts 2 Box 12 Tel. +32 2 218 49 40 BE-1210 Brussels - Belgium Transparency Register N° 6025320863-10 .
Recommended publications
  • Crosslink Density of Rubbers

    Crosslink Density of Rubbers

    Characterisation of Crosslinks in Vulcanised Rubbers: From Simple to Advanced Techniques K.L. Mok* and A.H. Eng** *Malaysian Rubber Board, Paper Presenter **Malaysian Institute of Chemistry Copyright © 2017 by K.L. Mok and A.H. Eng 1 Rubber & Elastomer • Rubbery: 1) Sufficient long chain; 2) Flexible molecules with noncollinear single bonds that allow segmental rotations along the backbone; 3) Non crystalline at service temperature • Rubber vs Elastomer: Rubber commonly refers to elastic materials that requires vulcanisation before they can be used in the products. However, there are elastic polymers that do not require vulcanisation such as polyurethane (PU), styrene- isoprene (SIS) copolymer. These elastic materials are classified under elastomer, which normally also includes rubbers. • Unvulcanised Rubbers: Unvulcanised rubbers are normally weak when put under stress during use. With very few exceptions, such as rubber glues almost all rubber products require vulcanisation to provide the required strength for a longer design life. • Elastomers: Polyurethane (PU), styrene-isoprene (SIS) copolymer, do not require vulcanisation to have good strength properties as they contain the hard segment Copyrightwhich © 2017 by K.L.is Mok good and A.H. Engfor strength and the soft segment good elasticity properties. 2 Rubber Vulcanisation & Crosslink Density • Vulcanization or vulcanisation: A reaction that leads to the formation of inter-molecular bonding among the unsaturated rubber molecules with 3 dimensional network such that the mechanical properties such as tensile strength is enhanced. The vulcanising agent originally referred to was elemental sulfur. Later, sulfur donor was included. It now also includes non sulfur systems such as metal oxide and peroxides.
  • United States Patent (19) (11) 4,161,455 Wason 45) Jul

    United States Patent (19) (11) 4,161,455 Wason 45) Jul

    United States Patent (19) (11) 4,161,455 Wason 45) Jul. 17, 1979 (54) NOVEL PRECIPITATED SILICEOUS 57 ABSTRACT PRODUCTS AND METHODS FORTHER A method for producing a precipitated silicon dioxide USE AND PRODUCTION having a new combination of physical and chemical Satish K. Wason, Havre de Grace, properties is disclosed. The pigments are produced by 75 Inventor: acidulating a solution of an alkali metal silicate with an Md. acid under controlled precipitation conditions. The 73) Assignee: J. M. Huber Corporation, Locust, aqueous reaction medium comprising the precipitated N.J. silica is then post-conditioned by introducing a second silicate solution into the reaction vessel and thereafter 21) Appl. No.: 911,003 adding additional acid to react with the said second 22 Filed: May 30, 1978 silicate solution. By varying the amount of the silicate employed in the post-conditioning step, a product is Related U.S. Application Data obtained which has a unique combination of physical and chemical properties including reduced wet cake 60) Continuation of Ser. No. 796,913, is a division of Ser. moisture content, high surface areas and oil absorptions, No. 557,707, Mar. 12, 1975, abandoned. improved surface activity, friability, wetting character (51) Int. Cl’............................................... C11D 3/08 istics, and the like. The product has particular utility for (52) U.S. C. ............................... 252/174.25; 252/135; use as a rubber reinforcing agent because of its in 252/140; 106/288 B; 423/339 creased surface activity and oil absorption, etc. The (58) Field of Search ......................... 252/89, 135, 140; product, however, may be used in paints, paper, deter 423/339; 106/288B gents, dentifrice compositions, molecular sieves, and polymeric compositions.
  • TECH Tire Repair Chemicals for Best Results, Tech Nail Hole Repairs Should Be Used with These Tech Chemical Products

    TECH Tire Repair Chemicals for Best Results, Tech Nail Hole Repairs Should Be Used with These Tech Chemical Products

    epair orld Leader in Tire R The W TECH INTERNATIONAL TIRE REPAIR CATALOG www.techtirerepairs.com TRUST TECH Table of Contents TIRE REPAIR PRODUCTS & REPAIR CHARTS Pages 3 – 25 Uni-Seal Ultra Repairs . 3 – 4 Uni-Seal 2-piece Stems & Repairs . 5 – 7 Centech Radial Repairs for Shoulder Injuries . 6 Radial Section Repairs . 8 – 10 Bias Ply Tire Repairs. 11 – 13 Radial OTR Repairs . 14 – 18 Tech Off Road (TOR) Bias Repairs . 19 – 21 Repair Rubber and Chemicals . 22 – 24 2-Way Tube Repairs & All-Purpose Repairs. 25 NAILHOLE INSERTS & REPAIR KITS Pages 26 – 28 Permacure Repairs & Kits . 26 Flow-Seal Inserts & Self-Vulcanizing Repairs . 27 Repair Kits . 28 CABINETS & REPAIR TOOLS Pages 29 – 31 Cabinets & Tool Stations. 29 Hand Tools and Knives, Extruder Guns . 30 – 31 & Branding Irons PRODUCT PAGES Pages 32 – 33 Tire Inspection & Marking Tools . 32 – 33 Anti-Seize Compound. 33 SAFETY, PROTECTION & HAND CLEANING PRODUCTS Page 34 AIR TOOLS & ACCESSORIES Pages 35 – 41 Drills, Buffers & Air Hammers . 35 Cutters, Burrs, Grinding Stones, Wheels & Rasps . 36 – 39, 41 Wire Brushes, Buffing Stones. 40 Gouges & Cut-Off Wheels . 41 MONAFLEX VULCANIZING EQUIPMENT & SPOTTERS Pages 42 – 47 TIRE & WHEEL SERVICE LUBRICANTS Pages 48 – 49 TIRE IDENTIFICATION Page 50 Radio Frequency Identification Data Tags (RFID) . 50 Tire Identification Logos . 50 TIRE SPREADERS Page 51 Tech International Tire Repair Catalog TIRE BALANCING & SEALANT PRODUCTS Pages 52 – 53 Balance Pads, Tools & Chemicals . 52 Balancing Compound & Tire Sealant . 53 TPMS SOLUTIONS Pages 54 – 57 VALVES & VALVE HARDWARE Pages 58 – 73 AIR SERVICE PRODUCTS Pages 74 – 78 Gauges . 74 Automatic Tire Inflators. 76 Chucks & Chuck Repair Kits.
  • Effect of the Nitrile Content on Nitrile Rubber Cure in Wide Temperature Range

    Effect of the Nitrile Content on Nitrile Rubber Cure in Wide Temperature Range

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 02, FEBRUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 Effect Of The Nitrile Content On Nitrile Rubber Cure In Wide Temperature Range. Denis Kalugin, Anton Nashchokin, Anna Sutyagina, Nikolay Tikhonov, Artem Malakho Victor Avdeev Abstract: Vulcanization of NBR rubber with different nitrile content was studied. Enthalpy of vulcanization drops from 6.62J/g for 18% nitrile rubber to 1.89J/g for 40% one. The peak of vulcanization shifts to higher temperatures for 12°C with nitrile content increase. No secondary vulcanization process was observed for 18% nitrile rubber. The other rubbers possess thermal polymerization at 285°C in neat rubbers accelerated by nitrile groups. This process is additionally accelerated when vulcanization additives are present in rubber. Thus the post-vulcanization peak shifts up to 20°C to lower temperatures for 40% nitrile rubber with increase in enthalpy in 5 times compared to neat rubber. When heated at 250°C for 6 hours no significant change in rubber hardness is occurred for 18% nitrile rubber and 2 times increase for 40% nitrile rubber is measured indicating dramatic role of nitrile content for rubber properties. No considerable effect of nitrile groups cross link on rubber hardness is observed. Index Terms: cross-link, cure, DSC, hardness, NBR, nitrile, properties, rubber, vulcanization —————————— ◆ —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION The resulted mixture is poured into silicon paper box and rest Acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR), commonly known as for night for primary solvent evaporation. After that the resulted nitrile rubber, has been commercially available for more than film was dried at 50°C in vacuum to a constant weight.
  • Polymer Composites Based on Plasticized PVC and Vulcanized Nitrile Rubber Waste Powder for Irrigation Pipes

    Polymer Composites Based on Plasticized PVC and Vulcanized Nitrile Rubber Waste Powder for Irrigation Pipes

    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Materials Science Volume 2013, Article ID 726121, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/726121 Research Article Polymer Composites Based on Plasticized PVC and Vulcanized Nitrile Rubber Waste Powder for Irrigation Pipes Maria Daniela Stelescu National R&D Institute for Textile and Leather, Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania Correspondence should be addressed to Maria Daniela Stelescu; [email protected] Received 19 June 2013; Accepted 18 July 2013 Academic Editors: V. Contini, Y. X. Gan, and V. Ji Copyright © 2013 Maria Daniela Stelescu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The paper presents the technique of production and characterization of polymer composites based on plasticized PVC and rubber powder from vulcanized nitrile rubber waste. The new polymer composites have lower hardness, higher elongation at break, a better tensile strength, and better ozone resistance, and the blend suitable for irrigations pipes for agricultural use was selected. The selected polymer composites have a good behavior under accelerated aging, repeated flexion at room temperature and atlow ∘ temperature (−20 C), a very good behavior for immersion in water, concentrated acid and basis, animal fat, soya, and sun flower oil, proving their suitability for gaskets, hoses, protection equipment, rubber footwear, and so forth. The resulted thermoplastic polymer composites can be processed by injection, extrusion, and compression molding. 1. Introduction Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a versatile polymer, used in flexible, semirigid, and rigid forms.
  • (Pp)/ Ground Tire Rubber

    (Pp)/ Ground Tire Rubber

    MANUFACTURING OF POLYPROPYLENE (PP)/ GROUND TIRE RUBBER (GTR) THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS USING ULTRASONICALLY AIDED EXTRUSION A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Jieruo Liu August, 2013 MANUFACTURING OF POLYPROPYLENE (PP)/ GROUND TIRE RUBBER (GTR) THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS USING ULTRASONICALLY AIDED EXTRUSION Jieruo Liu Thesis Approved: Accepted ______________________ _______________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Avraam I. Isayev Dr. Robert Weiss _______________________ _______________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Thein Kyu Dr. Steven Cheng _______________________ ________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Younjin Min Dr. George Newkome ________________________ Date ii ABSTRACT Compounding ground tire rubber (GTR) from whole waste tires with thermoplastic polyolefins, such as polypropylene (PP), is a possible way to manufacture thermoplastic elastomers and also to recycle waste tires to solve a major environmental problem. The present study looks at the effect of PP/GTR mixing ratio, rubber particle size, type of extruder, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) compatibilizer and ultrasound on the mechanical and rheological properties of PP and PP/GTR blends. PP and GTR were compounded at ratios of 30/70, 50/50 and 70/30. Whole tire GTR particles of 40 and 140 mesh sizes were used. Both the single screw extruder (SSE) and twin screw extruder (TSE) without and with ultrasonic treatment were applied. PP-g-MA compatibilizer was added to PP/GTR 50/50 blends at concentration of 10 wt %. Rheological, tensile and impact properties of uncompatibilized and compatibilized PP/GTR 50/50 blends were compared.
  • Rubber Division ACS Best Paper Awards

    Rubber Division ACS Best Paper Awards

    Rubber Division ACS Best Paper Awards The Best Paper Committee of Rubber Division, ACS seeks to improve the quality of technical presentations by evaluating and publicly recognizing the authors of outstanding papers presented our technical meetings. Each year Committee Judges and peer attendees, rate each presentation on quality of content, originality, and clarity. Winning papers are selected from the top-rated presentations after further review by the Best Paper Committee. The Best Symposium is awarded to the symposium with the highest average paper ratings and best average attendance of presentations. Meeting Year Award Authors/Moderators Affiliation Title 196th, Fall 2019 Best Paper Steven K. Henning & Fabien Total Cray Valley Silane-Terminated Liquid Poly(butadienes) in Tread Formulations: A Mechanistic Study 196th, Fall 2019 Best Symposium Ed Terrill & Crittenden ARDL, Inc. & University of Testing and Predicting Behavior of Rubber and Tires Ohlemacher Akron 194th, Fall 2018 Best Paper Nuthathai Warasitthinon and Cooper Tire & Rubber Co. The Payne Effect: Primarily Polymer-Related or Filler-Related Phenomenon? Chris Robertson 194th, Fall 2018 Pest Symposum Cal Moreland & Sy Mowdood Michelin USA & Pirelli Advances in Material and Processes of Car and Truck Tires (Retired 192nd, 2017 Best Paper Anke Blume*, Katarzyna S. University of Twente, Influence of Network Structure on Elastomer Properties Fall Bandzierz, Louis A.E.M. Netherlands Reuvekamp, Jerzy Dryzek, Wilma K. Dierkes, Dariusz M. Bielinski 192nd, 2017 Best Symposium Crittenden Ohlemacher & University of Akron & Characterization Tools for Elastomers Fall Michael Warner CCSI, Inc. 190th, Fall 2016 Best Paper Peter Mott U.S. Naval Research The Thermomechanical Response of Polyurea Laboratory, Chemistry Division 190th, Fall 2016 Honorable Mention Steven K Henning and Taejun Yoo Total Cray Valley The Synthesis and Characterization of Farnesene-Based Oligomers 190th 2016 Best Symposium Sy Mowdood and J.
  • Elastomeric Materials

    Elastomeric Materials

    ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THE LABORATORY OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMER TECHNOLOGY Kalle Hanhi, Minna Poikelispää, Hanna-Mari Tirilä Summary On this course the students will get the basic information on different grades of rubber and thermoelasts. The chapters focus on the following subjects: - Introduction - Rubber types - Rubber blends - Thermoplastic elastomers - Processing - Design of elastomeric products - Recycling and reuse of elastomeric materials The first chapter introduces shortly the history of rubbers. In addition, it cover definitions, manufacturing of rubbers and general properties of elastomers. In this chapter students get grounds to continue the studying. The second chapter focus on different grades of elastomers. It describes the structure, properties and application of the most common used rubbers. Some special rubbers are also covered. The most important rubber type is natural rubber; other generally used rubbers are polyisoprene rubber, which is synthetic version of NR, and styrene-butadiene rubber, which is the most important sort of synthetic rubber. Rubbers always contain some additives. The following chapter introduces the additives used in rubbers and some common receipts of rubber. The important chapter is Thermoplastic elastomers. Thermoplastic elastomers are a polymer group whose main properties are elasticity and easy processability. This chapter introduces the groups of thermoplastic elastomers and their properties. It also compares the properties of different thermoplastic elastomers. The chapter Processing give a short survey to a processing of rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers. The following chapter covers design of elastomeric products. It gives the most important criteria in choosing an elastomer. In addition, dimensioning and shaping of elastomeric product are discussed The last chapter Recycling and reuse of elastomeric materials introduces recycling methods.
  • Modern Rubber Chemicals, Compounds and Rubber Goods Technology

    Modern Rubber Chemicals, Compounds and Rubber Goods Technology

    MODERN RUBBER CHEMICALS, COMPOUNDS AND RUBBER GOODS TECHNOLOGY Click to enlarge DescriptionAdditional ImagesReviews (0)Related Books The book covers Natural Rubber, Basic Concepts of Synthetic Rubber, Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Polybutadiene, Polychloroprene and Polyisoprene Rubbers, Butyl and Nitrile Rubber, Miscellaneous Rubbers, Latex Product Manufacturing Technology, Foam Products Manufacturing Technology, Plasticisers, Factice and Blowing Agents, Moulding and Finishing of Rubber Components, Compounding Ingredients and Compound Design, Footwear Technology, Conveyor Belt Technology, V-Belt and Fan Belt Manufacturing Technology, Hose Technology, Rubber Sports Goods Manufacturing Technology, Cable Technology, Rubber-To-Metal Bonding Components, Rubber-Covered Rolls, Sealing Technology, Nitrile Rubber and Its Application in Construction Industry, Rubber-Resin Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Technology, Test Methods in Rubber Industry, Recycling of Wastes from Rubbers and Plastics. MODERN RUBBER CHEMICALS, COMPOUNDS AND RUBBER GOODS TECHNOLOGY NATURAL RUBBER Introduction Sources and the Plantation Economy Tapping of Natural Rubber (NR) Latex Recovery of Natural Rubber from Latex Coagulation, Processing of the Coagulate, Sheets, and Crepe Smoked Sheets Pale Crepe Special Grades Oil Extended Natural Rubber (OE-NR) Deproteinated Natural Rubber (DP/NR) Heveaplus MG Grades Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR) Thermoplastic NR Depolymerised NR Powdered or Particulate NR Peptised NR Classification of Hevea Rubber (TSR) Technically Classified NR (TC)
  • Mechanical and Oil Resistance Characteristics of Rubber Blends

    Mechanical and Oil Resistance Characteristics of Rubber Blends

    ELASTOMERE UND KUNSTSTOFFE ELASTOMERS AND PLASTICS NBR · CR · PVC · Rubber blends · Mechanical and Oil Resistance Vulcanizing system · Oil resistance Different rubber blends based on nitrile butadiene rubber, NBR (N3980–39% Characteristics of Rubber acrylonitrile) have been prepared to get a product with high oil resistant and good mechanical properties. The Blends Based on Nitrile obtained mixes included NBR, chloro- prene rubber (CR) and polyvinyl chlo- 1 ride (PVC). The ratio of each component Butadiene Rubber (NBR, CR and PVC) as binary or ternary blend system has been varied and the corresponding vulcanizing systems have been carefully selected. It has been found that the type of rubber and the composition of blends markedly affect their oil resistance. In contrast, the type of crosslinks and crosslinking Blending of polymers has gained much in- (NR). The elastomeric composite has excel- density slightly affect the oil resistance terest, since about 3-4 decades ago, due to lent compatibility between two rubbers of of the corresponding vulcanizates. the fact that, it can be used to produce new different polarity when properly com- polymeric materials, i.e, compositions with pounded and processed. Anmin, et al. [12] specific properties suitable for certain spe- prepared hydrogenated nitrile rubber Mechanische Eigenschaften und cial application. Nitrile rubber (NBR) is wide- (HNBR)/clay nanocomposites using conven- Ölbeständigkeit von NBR ly used in many applications like oil seals, tional two-roll mill mixing technique. They Verschnitten gaskets, etc. The performance of NBR can found that adding organoclay in HNBR be improved by blending with various poly- elastomer greatly improves material ther- NBR · CR · PVC · Kautschukverschnitte · mers [1-4].
  • Polymer Chemistry Sem-6, Dse-B3 Part-3, Ppt-3

    Polymer Chemistry Sem-6, Dse-B3 Part-3, Ppt-3

    POLYMER CHEMISTRY SEM-6, DSE-B3 PART-3, PPT-3 Dr. Kalyan Kumar Mandal Associate Professor St. Paul’s C. M. College Kolkata Polymer Chemistry Part-3 Contents • Styrene Based Copolymers • Poly(Vinyl Chloride): A Thermoplastic Polymer Styrene Based Copolymers Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) Copolymers and ABS Resins • To obtain a styrene-based polymer of higher impact strength and higher heat distortion temperature at the same time, styrene is copolymerized with 20-30% acrylonitrile. Such copolymers have better chemical and solvent resistance, and much better resistance to stress cracking and crazing while retaining the transparency of the homopolymer at the same time. In many respects SAN copolymers are also better than poly(methyl methacrylate) and cellulose acetate, two other transparent thermoplastics. • ABS resins are terpolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene, prepared by interpolymerization (grafting) of styrene and acrylonitrile on polybutadiene or through blending of SAN copolymers with butadiene–acrylonitrile (Nitrile) rubber. Impact improvement is far better if the rubber in the blend is lightly cross-linked. The impact resistance of ABS resins may be as high as 6-7 ft lb. per inch of notch. This Lecture is prepared by Dr. K. K. Mandal, SPCMC, Kolkata Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) Copolymers • Styrene acrylonitrile resin is a copolymer plastic consisting of styrene (Ph-CH=CH2) and acrylonitrile (CH2=CH-CN). It is also known as SAN. It is widely used in place of polystyrene owing to its greater thermal resistance. • The chains of between 70 and 80% by weight styrene and 20 to 30% acrylonitrile. Larger acrylonitrile content improves mechanical properties and chemical resistance, but also adds a yellow tint to the normally transparent plastic.
  • Sumitomo Rubber Produces Truck, Motorcycle and Automobile Tires and Is Located at 10 Sheridan Drive in the Town of Tonawanda, Erie County

    Sumitomo Rubber Produces Truck, Motorcycle and Automobile Tires and Is Located at 10 Sheridan Drive in the Town of Tonawanda, Erie County

    Facility DEC ID: 9146400030 PERMIT Under the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION Permit Type: Air Title V Facility Permit ID: 9-1464-00030/00199 Effective Date: 01/23/2018 Expiration Date: 01/22/2023 Permit Issued To:SUMITOMO RUBBER USA, LLC PO BOX 1109 BUFFALO, NY 14240-1109 Contact: MARK R CRAFT SUMITOMO RUBBER USA LLC PO BOX 1109 BUFFALO, NY 14240-1109 (716) 879-8497 Facility: SUMITOMO RUBBER USA LLC 10 Sheridan Dr Tonawanda, NY 14150 Contact: MARK R CRAFT SUMITOMO RUBBER USA, LLC PO BOX 1109 BUFFALO, NY 14240-1109 (716) 879-8497 Description: Sumitomo Rubber produces truck, motorcycle and automobile tires and is located at 10 Sheridan Drive in the Town of Tonawanda, Erie County. The ownership changed from Goodyear Dunlop Tires North America, Ltd. to Sumitomo Rubber USA, LLC during the first half of 2016, and the facility is now called Sumitomo Rubber. The facility produces about 12,000 tires a day. The facility consists of 1.9 million square feet of manufacturing and warehousing on 130+ acres of land. This permit includes a multiyear project to increase production. The facility mixes all the ingredients together to make rubber, extrudes rubbers into shapes, combines metal and fabric into rubber strips (calendaring), assembles tires, vulcanizes and cures tires, shapes finished tires, and performs quality assurance and quality control on the final products which are then stored in a large warehouse on site. Five boilers generate process steam and heat at for the facility. Four boilers are dual fuel, natural gas and residual oil. One boiler burns only natural gas.