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Isles of Scilly Zostera Marina Monitoring 2002 Expedition Report

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Isles of Scilly Zostera Marina Monitoring 2002 Expedition Report Isles of Scilly Zostera marina monitoring 2002 Expedition Report Prepared by Kevan Cook Supported by Full Reference: Cook, K., 2002. Report on 2002 Isles of Scilly Zostera marina survey. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the following for their help and support: Jeremy Pontin Duchy of Cornwall' s Office Geoff Penhaligon, Harbourmaster St Mary's, Isles of Scilly Liz Butterworth The Isles of Scilly Steamship Company Cyril Nicholas English Nature Jim Heslin St Mary's Underwater Centre Underwater Miles Hoskins English Nature And to all the volunteers, without whom, none of the survey work would have been possible. 2 Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Contents.......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 The Expedition ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.11 Expedition Management................................................................................................................. 6 1.12 Expedition Members....................................................................................................................... 6 1.13 Expedition Finance......................................................................................................................... 6 2 Zostera marina Monitoring ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.01 Aims of the survey.......................................................................................................................... 8 2.02 Locations ........................................................................................................................................ 9 2.03 Method............................................................................................................................................ 9 2.04 Data Analysis................................................................................................................................ 10 2.1 Data Analysis for 2002....................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Analysis of Time Series Data ............................................................................................................. 12 2.21 Leaf Infection ............................................................................................................................... 12 2.22 Plant Size Distribution and Plant Density..................................................................................... 14 Seagrass Bed......................................................................................................................................... 15 Source of Variation............................................................................................................................... 15 2.23 Mean Plant Density ...................................................................................................................... 17 2.24 Mean Biomass Index .................................................................................................................... 18 2.3 Individual Bed Reports....................................................................................................................... 19 2.31 Old Grimsby Harbour, Tresco ...................................................................................................... 19 2.32 Higher Town Bay, St. Martin’s .................................................................................................... 20 2.33 Broad Ledge, Tresco..................................................................................................................... 22 2.34 West Broad Ledge, St Martin’s .................................................................................................... 23 2.35 Little Arthur, Eastern Isles............................................................................................................ 24 2.36 Bar Point, St. Mary’s .................................................................................................................... 25 2.37 Rushy Bay, Bryher ....................................................................................................................... 26 2.4 Correlation of variables recorded ....................................................................................................... 27 2.5 Discussion and Future Work .............................................................................................................. 29 2.6 References .......................................................................................................................................... 30 3 Abstract A total of 6 people took part in the 2002 expedition to survey the Isles of Scilly Zostera marina beds during the week period 27 July – 3 August 2002. During this time the volunteer divers carried out Zostera marina monitoring dives on the seven sites surveyed in previous expeditions. Zostera plant densities follow a similar pattern from that seen in previous years with the bed at Little Arthur continuing to have the greatest mean plant density. The bed at Old Grimsby Harbour remains highly patchy in nature and evidence of damage to the rhizome systems is from the swinging mooring chains is still present. This patchy nature of Zostera growth was observed at a number of sites although the reasons for this are not as obvious as at Old Grimsby Harbour. Evidence of a different but equally destructive type of anthropogenic input was observed at the Higher Town Bay, St. Martin’s site. However it is the bed at West Broad Ledge that had the lowest mean plant density though no cause for this dramatic decrease is given. Infection by the parasitic slime mould Labrynthula remains at similar levels to those recorded in 2001 though there was a noticeable reduction in the amount of infection in the bed at Little Arthur. Only one bed, West Broad Ledge, St. Martin’s, had a greater mean percentage score than the previous year, the remaining beds all having a reduced level. The bed with the lowest mean percentage leaf infection was Higher Town Bay, St. Martin’s. It is suggested that while natural conditions and factors will have an impact on the health of the Zostera beds, anthropogenic impacts are also important in their long term viability. 4 1 INTRODUCTION The Isles of Scilly, lying some 40km south west of Lands End, are the most westerly land mass of Great Britain and are comprised of approximately 200 granite islands and rocks separated by a shallow sea. The seafloor between the islands is mainly comprised of a mixture of sands and smaller pebbles with a distinct decreasing size gradient in material from west to east. The five main islands; St. Mary’s, St. Martin’s, Tresco, Bryher and St. Agnes are inhabited and support farming, fishing and are a popular tourist destination. The islands are a variety of unique compositions of natural history as a result of the combination of their physical environment and climate. Rare indigenous plants, as well as exotics more characteristic of subtropical climates, thrive on the Islands. The low level of traffic on the roads and plentiful windbreaks made from hedges and pines provide ideal conditions for a variety of birds. The marine environment is also shaped by the extreme physical conditions. The rocky shores of the western islands are so extreme that the scientific classification of shore- types had to be extended to include a special category for Scilly - the 'super-exposed'. Below the low-water mark, only those species that are able to withstand periodic inundations of the full force of the Atlantic are able to survive. On the more protected eastern seaboard by contrast, sheltered, deep-water habitats are home to colonies of various delicate species such as sea fans and branching sponges which often have southerly distributions. At the opposite end of the scale of exposure to the battered western shores, the sea bed inside the archipelago is very sheltered. Sediments derived from the granite bedrock are carried by tides and waves into the sheltered inter-island basin and deposited there. These shallow and sheltered inter island waters provide an ideal marine environment for the growth of Zostera marina , which grows in large beds on the sandy sediments found there. Although deprived of the nutrient sources that are common to the inshore waters of mainland Britain, the waters around Scilly support a wealth of marine life, including numerous commercial species and an important colony of the Grey Seal ( Halichoerus grypus ). 1.1 The Expedition The 2002 expedition was the eleventh consecutive year in which volunteers have visited the Isles of Scilly to carry out surveys of the coastal waters around the islands. The team was a mixture of volunteers with previous experience of surveys in the
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