3 Extinct Animals

ourc Res e fo HOLY FAITH tal r i HOLY FAITH Te ig a D c h e e e MBD MBD r r MBD s MBD MBD F MBD MBD MBD MBD MBD MBD MBD MBD MB 18 MBD MBD MBD MBD MBD MB

The HF ABSOLUTE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE series aims to make students intelligent about information. Knowledge is the acceptance of facts. Intelligence is implementation of those facts wisely. The HF ABSOLUTE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE series—a set of 8 books—is a carefully graded series for Grades 1 to 8. Forced or rote learning does not sustain students' interest. With HF ABSOLUTE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE series, setting up an informative learning environment is easy. ABSOLUTE series has comprehensive e-contents with adequate information about the topic catering to curiosity. 8 So, when students learn that the 'Great Wall of China' is the longest wall in the world from the Book, they also learn—from comprehensive e-contents—that it was constructed to protect the first reserved. dynasty of Imperial China (Qin dynasty) against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia. Features of the Series

● Attention-grabbing subject matter ● Additional information to make learning fun ● Helps students make a psychological investment in learning ● Promotes higher-level thinking for enduring understanding rights ● Adequate information about each topic ● Topicscovered in a thorough mode ● presentation of facts and latest information with o Clear writing style All o Radical contents o Interesting pedagogy

Price : 125.00 reserved.

rights All

HFI. © HOLY FAITH

General Knowledge 8 Dhrumin Pandya reserved. Acknowledgement: Harsha Dugar Pruthvish Pandya rights All

HFI. ©

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HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 2 12/3/2019 2:52:18 PM Preface

The HF ABSOLUTE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE series aims to make students intelligent about information. Knowledge is the acceptance of facts. Intelligence is implementation of those facts wisely.

The HF ABSOLUTE Series—a set of 8 books—is a carefully graded series for Grades 1 to 8. These books cover attention-grabbing subject matter with additional information to make learning fun.

Forced or rote learning does not sustain students’ interest. Student engagement occurs when students make a psychological investment in learning. It is students’ willingness, need, desire and urge to participate in and bereserved. successful in the learning process. For promoting higher-level thinking and enduring understanding, the series has adequate information on each topic.

In HF ABSOLUTE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE series, topics are explained in Detail with interesting pedagogy and Latest Information and Facts are presented with Clear writing style. rights Instead of relying on Rote Memorisation, the series involves apt application of the acquired knowledge. All One of the most important things a teacher can do is provide an informative learning experience. With HF ABSOLUTE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE series, setting up an informative learning environment is easy. This series has comprehensive e-contents with adequate information about the topic catering to curiosity.

So, whenHFI. students learn that the ‘Great Wall of China’ is the longest wall in the world from the Book, they also learn—from comprehensive e-contents—that it was© constructed to protect the first dynasty of Imperial China (Qin dynasty) against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia.

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G1.indd 3 8/20/2019 5:17:28 PM Contents

1. Seven Wonders of the Universe 1 2. Types of Forests 3 3. Extinct Animals 5 4. Tribes 7 5. Wildlife Sanctuaries of India 9 6. Animals and their Native Places 11 7. Indian Aircrafts 13 8. Economic Terms 15 9. Banking Terms reserved.17 10. Asian Games 19 11. Mineral/Vitamin Deficiency Diseases 21 12. Ability in Disability 23 13. Stock Market 25 14. Famous Personalities rights 27 15. Monuments 29 16. Ancient Authors 31 17. Indian SatellitAlles 33 18. Important Dates 35 19. Famous Plays of the World 36 20. International Organisations 38 21. Universities 40 22.HFI. Toll Free Numbers in India 42 23. Various Civilisations 44 © 24. Amazing Places on Earth 46 Answers 48

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 4 8/19/2019 3:36:34 PM 1 Seven Wonders of the Universe

Just like seven wonders of the world, there is also a list of seven wonders in the whole universe. It includes objects which are fascinating and unique in the entire universe. Let’s look at some of them.

Black Hole Stars Black hole uses the power of gravity to Stars are balls of hot gas pull things towards them. It is made up Hypervelocity Stars held together by gravity reserved. of three parts Outer event horizon, Inner These are the stars which and comprise helium and event horizon and Singularity. are travelling at high hydrogen gas. speed from a galaxy after interaction with the black hole. They travel at a speed of 1000 km/s. rights

Earth It is the only planet in our Solar system Allwhich contains water in liquid form and can sustain life.

The Milkyway Galaxy It is the home of our The Crab Nebula solar system It is the leftover remnants and is shaped like a of a supernova explosion. barred spiral. There The crabHFI. nebula is located approximaately 50 billion in the constellation of planets and around 100 Taurus. to 400 billlion stars in Exoplanets milkyway galaxy. © Planets which are outside our solar system are called exoplanets or Extrasolar planets.

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 1 8/19/2019 3:36:38 PM Multiple Choice Questions:

1. ______is the home of our solar system. (a) The crab Nebula (b) Black hole (c) Milkyway Galaxy (d) None

2. Which of the following is not the part of black hole? (a) Outer event horizon (b) Middle event horizon (c) Inner event horizon (d) Singularity

3. Which of the following planets in our solar system contains water in liquid form? (a) Saturn (b) Mars (c) Earth (d) Neptune

4. In which constellation can we see ‘The Crab Nebula’? (a) Sagittarius (b) Taurus (c) Virgo (d) Libra

5. What do you mean by exoplanets? (a) Planets in our solar system (b) Planets outside our solar system (c) Neighbouring planet of Earth (d) None reserved. 6. Which is the biggest star of our solar system? (a) Sun (b) Pluto (c) Moon (d) Saturn

7. Hypervelocity starts travel at the speed of ______km/s. (a) 100 (b) 1000 (c) 500 (d) 2000 rights Identify the following and write their names: All 1. 3. HFI. ______©2. 4. ______

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 2 8/19/2019 3:36:41 PM 2 Types of Forests

A forest is a large area dominated by trees. There is no universally recognised precise definition for forests. Although a forest is usually defined by the presence of trees.

Evergreen forest The Tropical reserved.The Temperate The forests which remain full The soil in this area is nutrient-poor The soil is fertile enriched with of trees throughout the year and acidic. The area is rich in fauna and decaying litter. are called evergreen forests. includes numerous birds, bats, small They include trees such as mammals and insects. conifers, live oak etc. rights All Temperate Deciduous Thorn/Desert Mangroves Broad Leaf forest This type is found in areas with black The term mangrove comes from The temperate deciduous soil: North, West, Central and South Spanish and is considered to have forest is also called temperate India. The trees do not grow beyond 10 originated from Guarani. Algae, broad-leaf forest. This type of metres. Spurge, caper and cactus are sponges, oysters, mud lobsters are forest is mainly found in the typical of this region. usually found in this habitat. Mangrove Northern hemisphere. is normally found in 118 countries. HFI. India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam and other countries among which Asia has the largest amount of mangroves with other parts of Africa, North and © South America.

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 3 8/19/2019 3:36:44 PM Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The soil in ______area is nutrient-poor and acidic. (a) evergreen (b) tropical (c) temperate (d) deciduous

2. ______tree is included in evergreen forests. (a) conifer (b) neem (c) pipal (d) None

3. In tropical region the area is rich in ______. (a) soil (b) flora (c) flauna (d) fauna

4. Temperate deciduous broad leaf forest is mainly found in ______hemisphere. (a) eastern (b) southern (c) northern (d) western

5. ______forest has scrub like vegetation. The trees do not grow beyond 10 metres. (a) Thorn (b) Tropical rain forest (c) Temperate (d) Evergreen 6. The term Mangrove comes from ______. reserved. (a) Greek (b) Spanish (c) Italian (d) None

7. Mangrove is normally found in ______countries. (a) 116 (b) 128 (c) 218 (d) 118

8. In temperate region the soil is ______enriched with decaying litter. (a) fertile (b) infertilerights (c) abundant (d) None Activity: Write the name of trees that are usually found in each of the followingAll forests. 1. The temperate: ______

2. Temperate Deciduous Broad Leaf forest: ______3. The Tropical:HFI. ______4. Thorn forest: ______©5. Mangroves: ______6. Evergreen forest: ______

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 4 8/19/2019 3:36:46 PM 3 Extinct Animals

Extinct animals are those species which are no longer alive.

Passenger Pigeon Dodo The Passenger Pigeon or wild The dodo is an extinct flightless pigeon is an extinct species of bird that was endemic to the island pigeon that was endemic to of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in North America. the Indian ocean.

Western Black Rhinoceros The western black rhinoceros or Great Auk west African black rhinoceros The great auk is a species of flightless was a subspecies of the black alcid that became extinct in the mid- rhinoceros, declared extinct by 19th reserved.century. the IUCN in 2011.

Pinta Island Tortoise This subspecies of Galápagos Steller’s Sea Cow tortoise is widely considered Steller’s sea cow is an extinct, with the last known extinct sirenian discovered specimen-Lonesome George- by Europeans in 1741. dying in 2012. rights Quagga Pyrenean Ibex The quagga was a plains zebra The last known Pyrenean ibex that lived in South Africa until was a femaleAll named Celia, becoming extinct late in the who was killed by a falling tree 19th century. in 2000.

Tasmanian Tiger The Thylacine was the Carolina Parakeet largest known carnivorous Once the only parrot species marsupial of modern times. HFI.native to the United States, the It is commonly known as Carolina parakeet was tragically the Tasmanian tiger or the driven to extinction after being Tasmanian wolf. Native to hunted for its feathers, which continental Australia, Tasmania © were popular in ladies’ hats. The and new Guinea, it is believed last known specimen died as to have become extinct in the recently as 1918. 20th century.

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 5 8/19/2019 3:36:50 PM Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The ______was tragically driven to extinction after being hunted for its feathers. (a) Peacock (b) Carolina Parakeet (c) Pigeon (d) Vulture 2. The ______is an extinct species of pigeon. (a) Passenger (b) Homing (c) Fantail (d) Helmet 3. The great auk became extinct in the mid-______century. (a) 16th (b) 15th (c) 19th (d) 18th 4. The dodo is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the ______ocean. (a) Pacific (b) Arctic (c) Atlantic (d) Indian 5. The quagga was a plains ______that lived in South Africa. (a) Zebra (b) Giraffe (c) Tiger (d) Dear 6. ______is commonly known as the Tasmanian tiger. (a) Corbetti (b) Sumatran (c) Thylacinereserved. (d) Jacksoni 7. The last known Pyrenean ibex was killed by a falling tree in ______. (a) 2002 (b) 2008 (c) 2004 (d) 2000 8. The western black rhinoceros was declared extinct by the ______in 2011. (a) INU (b) INCN (c) IGNOU (d) INN

Activity: Identify these animalsrights that are now extinct and write their names. All ______

HFI.______© ______

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 6 8/19/2019 3:36:55 PM 4 Tribes

There are different tribes all over the world. Some of them are as follows.

Amerind Bantus The term Amerinds is Bantus are the tribal used for pre-Columbian people of central and inhabitants of North and southern Africa who speak South America. These are Bantu language. people of mixed origin and European blood.

Berbers Gaucho Berbers are the Tribals of Gaucho are nomads of northern African countries reserved.Pampas in Uruguay and of Morocco, Algeria and Argentina. Tunisia.

Kaffirs Maoris Kaffirs is a group of martial Maoris are the original people inhabiting south inhabitants of New Africa. rights Zealand.

MasaiAll Pygmies Masai is a tribe of East Africa Pygmies are the extremely and they are mostly cattle- short-statured people of rearing tribes. Zaire Basin in Africa.

HFI.Red Indians Tartar Red Indians are aborigines Tartar refers to a mixed © of North America. group of people in Siberia.

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 7 8/19/2019 3:37:00 PM Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which are mostly cattle-rearing tribes? (a) Amerinds (b) Masai (c) Gaucho (d) Tartar 2. Bantus are the tribal people of central and southern ______. (a) Africa (b) America (c) Asia (d) None 3. Which of these people are of mixed origin and European blood? (a) Maoris (b) Kaffirs (c) Bantus (d) Amerinds 4. Which are the extremely short-statured people of Zaire Basin in Africa? (a) Berbers (b) Red Indians (c) Pygmies (d) Gaucho 5. Maoris are the original inhabitants of ______. (a) New Zealand (b) Singapore (c) Malaysia (d) Thailand 6. Which of these refers to a mixed group of people in Siberia? (a) Masai (b) Amerinds (c) Tartar (d) None 7. Red Indians are aborigines of ______America. reserved. (a) South (b) North (c) East (d) West 8. Which is a group of martial people inhabiting South Africa? (a) Maoris (b) Berbers (c) Pygmies (d) Kaffirs

Activity: Identify the tribes in the following images and write their names. rights

______All ______

______HFI. © ______

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 8 8/19/2019 3:37:05 PM 5 Wildlife Sanctuaries of India

A wildlife sanctuary, is a naturally occurring sanctuary — such as an island — that provides protection for species from hunting, predation, competition or poaching; it is a protected area, a geographic territory within which wildlife is protected.

Gir Wildlife Sanctuary Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary reserved.Palamu Tiger Reserve Located: Gujarat Located: Andhra Pradesh It is one of the nine original tiger reserves in India and the only Family of Asiatic lions at Gir There are more than 120 bird species. National park. one in the state of Jharkhand. rights

Wild Ass Sanctuary AllAsola-Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary Wild Ass Sanctuary also known as the Location: Delhi Located: Kerala Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary is located There are about 193 species of birds (Idukki district) in the Little Rann of Kutch in Gujarat. reported from Asola, more than 80 28 mammal species, including (Indian Wild Ass) species of butterflies, hundreds of Indian leopard and spotted deer, other insects, mammals like blue bull, Indian elephant, gaur, Bengal (nilgai, largest antelope of country), tiger, sambar deer, common blackbuck (fastest land animal langur, bonnet macaque, grey HFI. surviving in the wild in the country), langur, Nilgiri Tahr, rusty-spotted black-naped hare, porcupine, civets, cat and grizzled giant squirrel. jackals, jungle cats and even marks of © leopard are present.

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 9 8/19/2019 3:37:08 PM Multiple Choice Questions:

1. There is a family of ______at Gir National Park. (a) African lions (b) Asiatic tigers (c) Asiatic lions (d) African tigers

2. Asola Bhatti wild life sanctuary is located in ______. (a) Mumbai (b) Delhi (c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Kerala

3. There are more than ______species in Coringa wildlife sanctuary. (a) 110 bird (b) 120 animal (c) 105 bird (d) 120 bird

4. ______is one of the nine tiger reserves in Jharkhand. (a) Palamu (b) Gir (c) Chinnar (d) Coringa reserved. 5. Wild Ass sanctuary is located in ______in Gujarat. (a) Patan (b) Little Rann of Kutch (c) Surendranagar (d) Ahmedabad

6. ______wildlife sanctuary is located in Idukki district in Kerala. (a) Nilgiri (b) Coringa (c) Chinnar (d) Gir 7. There are more than 80 species of ______rights in Asola-Bhatti wild life sanctuary. (a) Lion (b) Tiger (c) Elephant (d) Butterflies

8. ______is the fastest land animal surviving in the Asola Bhatti wild life sanctuary. (a) Black buck All(b) White buck (c) Grey buck (d) None

MatchHFI. the following: 1. Wild Ass sanctuary a. Andhra Pradesh ©2. Chinnar wildlife sanctuary b. Jharkhand 3. Palamu Tiger Reserve c. Gujarat 4. Coringa wildlife sanctuary d. Kerala

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 10 8/19/2019 3:37:09 PM 6 Animals and their Native Places

There are many animals which can be found all around the globe, but there are some animals which can only be seen at their native places. Such animals are known as “Endemic animals”.

The Giant Tortoise Conolophus Marthae Oreophrynella Nigra Phyllobates Vittatus Native: Galapagos Island Native: Galapagos Islands Native: Venezuela Native: Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica reserved.

Wilson’s Bird of Thorny Devil Lizard St. Helena Plover The Gelada Paradise Native: Australia Native: St. Helena Island Native: Ethiopia Native: Waigeo and Batanta Island rights

All Tree Lobster Platypus Galapagos Penguin Brookesia Micra Native: Lord Howe Island Native: Australia Native: North of the Native: Nosy Hara, group Equator Madagascar HFI.

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 11 8/19/2019 3:37:15 PM Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of the following animals is found on the Galapagos Island? (a) The Giant Tortoise (b) The Gelada (c) Tree Lobster (d) None

2. What is the native place of Conolophus Marthae? (a) Australia (b) New Zealand (c) Galapagos Island (d) India

3. Where can we find the animal named Platypus? (a) Australia (b) Netherlands (c) Costa Rica (d) Papua New Guinea

4. Euthopia is the native place of which species of animals? (a) Texas lind Salamander (b) Wilson’s Bird of Paradise (c) The Gelada (d) None

5. Which of the following animals is found at the north of the equator? (a) Tree lobster (b) Dendrolagus Matshiei (c) Galapagos Penguin (d) All of thesereserved. 6. Where can we find Brookesia Micra? (a) Galapagos Island (b) Australia (c) Euthopia (c) Madagascar

Match the following:

1. rightsa. Dendrolagus Matshiei 2. All b. Tree Lobster

3. c. Conolophus Marthae

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 12 8/19/2019 3:37:18 PM 7 Indian Aircrafts

There are 26 active military aircrafts in the Indian Airforce. Let us learn about some of them here.

Aerospatiale Alouette III Antonov An-32 BAe Hawk Beriev A-50 Role: Light multirole Role: Tactical military Role: Light strike aircraft Role: Airborne early helicopter transport warning and control reserved.

Boeing C-17 Dassault Mirage 2000 HAL LCH HAL Tejas LCA Globemaster III Role: Strike fighter aircraft Role: Light attack helicopter Role: Light combat aircraft Role-Tactical military transport rights All IAI Searcher Ilyushin IL-76 Ilyushin IL-78 MiG-29 Role: unmanned Aerial Role: Tanker aircraft Role: In-Flight refueling Role: Multirole fighter Vehicle aircraft HFI.

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 13 8/19/2019 3:37:22 PM Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of the following aircrafts is used for tanker transport? (a) MiG-21 (b) Ilyushin-76 (c) IIyushin-78 (d) Jaguar

2. Which of the following is a supersonic aircraft? (a) Aerospatiale Alouette III (b) HAL Tejas LCA (c) IAI Searcher (d) MiG-21

3. Which of the following is light attack helicopter? (a) HAL LCH (b) Sukhoi S-30 (c) IIyushin-78 (d) Beriev A-50

4. Which of the following is an unmanned aerial vehicle? (a) HAL Tejas LCA (b) IAI Searcher (c) Tactical military transport (d) Dassault Mirage 2000

5. IIyushin-78 is used for which purpose? (a) In-flight refuelling aircraft (b) Light attackingreserved. helicopter (c) Tactical military transport (d) none

6. Which of the following is used for tactical military transport? (a) Beriev A-50 (b) Antonov An-32 (c) Boeing C-17 Globemaster III (d) Both (b) and (c)

Activity: Identify the aircraftsrights and write their role.

______All

HFI.______

HFI_NEW_GK_TB_G8.indd 14 8/19/2019 3:37:24 PM