An Argument Supporting De-Extinction and a Call for Field Research Charli N
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Wednesday-3Rd-February-2021(PDF)
Wednesday 3rd February 2021 Year 3! Good Morning Year 3 Thanks for all of the awesome work you sent in this week so far! We are all so impressed! It’s Joe Wicks time again - Have a go if you feel like it! The option is there! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAxW1XT0iEJo0TYlRfn6rYQ Morning challenge SPaG Guess the word with the -tion ending Invention ANSWERS Pollution Potion Station Imagination Remember to practice your spellings each day Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 action action pollution fiction fiction invention option option injection station pollution hesitation lotion invention education potion injection imagination Literacy Thank you for all of the beautifully, descriptive storm writing that you sent in yesterday. We really enjoyed reading them! LO: I can plan a story Today we are going to finish the story... The storm passed and the animals knew that the terrible waves had carried them far, far away. They thought of their homes and how much they missed them. As they sailed on they all felt very lost on the big blue sea. A Dodo watched from his Island as the boat and its animals came into view. ‘Hello there!’ He called to them as they sailed closer. ‘We’re lost!’ shouted the Polar Bear to the Dodo. ‘We’ve sailed too far and now we want to go home.’ ‘Well of course you can go home,’ said the Dodo ‘Really?’ said the animals together. ‘When?’ ‘You can go home when the trees grow back and when the ice returns and when the cities stop getting bigger and when the hunting stops.’ ‘Oh’ said the Orangutan thoughtfully. -
Critically Endangered - Wikipedia
Critically endangered - Wikipedia Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Critically endangered From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents This article is about the conservation designation itself. For lists of critically endangered species, see Lists of IUCN Red List Critically Endangered Featured content species. Current events A critically endangered (CR) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Random article Conservation status Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.[1] Donate to Wikipedia by IUCN Red List category Wikipedia store As of 2014, there are 2464 animal and 2104 plant species with this assessment, compared with 1998 levels of 854 and 909, respectively.[2] Interaction Help As the IUCN Red List does not consider a species extinct until extensive, targeted surveys have been About Wikipedia conducted, species which are possibly extinct are still listed as critically endangered. IUCN maintains a list[3] Community portal of "possibly extinct" CR(PE) and "possibly extinct in the wild" CR(PEW) species, modelled on categories used Recent changes by BirdLife International to categorize these taxa. Contact page Contents Tools Extinct 1 International Union for Conservation of Nature definition What links here Extinct (EX) (list) 2 See also Related changes Extinct in the Wild (EW) (list) 3 Notes Upload file Threatened Special pages 4 References Critically Endangered (CR) (list) Permanent -
Larger Brain Size Indirectly Increases Vulnerability to Extinction in Mammals
Larger brain size indirectly increases vulnerability to extinction in mammals Article Accepted Version Gonzalez-Voyer, A., Gonzalez-Suarez, M., Vilá, C. and Revilla, E. (2016) Larger brain size indirectly increases vulnerability to extinction in mammals. Evolution. ISSN 0014- 3820 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12943 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/65634/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.12943 Publisher: Wiley All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Larger brain size indirectly increases vulnerability to extinction in mammals. Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer1,2,3†, Manuela González-Suárez4,5†, Carles Vilà1 and Eloy Revilla4. Affiliations: 1Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), c/Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain. 2Department of Zoology / Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 18 B, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden. 3Laboratorio de Conducta Animal, Instituto de Ecología, Circuito Exterior S/N, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., 04510, México. 4Department -
The Extinction and De-Extinction of Species
Linfield University DigitalCommons@Linfield Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship & Creative Works 2017 The Extinction and De-Extinction of Species Helena Siipi University of Turku Leonard Finkelman Linfield College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/philfac_pubs Part of the Biology Commons, and the Philosophy of Science Commons DigitalCommons@Linfield Citation Siipi, Helena and Finkelman, Leonard, "The Extinction and De-Extinction of Species" (2017). Faculty Publications. Accepted Version. Submission 3. https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/philfac_pubs/3 This Accepted Version is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It is brought to you for free via open access, courtesy of DigitalCommons@Linfield, with permission from the rights-holder(s). Your use of this Accepted Version must comply with the Terms of Use for material posted in DigitalCommons@Linfield, or with other stated terms (such as a Creative Commons license) indicated in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, or if you have questions about permitted uses, please contact [email protected]. The extinction and de-extinction of species I. Introduction WhendeathcameforCelia,ittooktheformoftree.Heedlessofthedangerposed bybranchesoverladenwithsnow,CeliawanderedthroughthelandscapeofSpain’s OrdesanationalparkinJanuary2000.branchfellonherskullandcrushedit.So deathcameandtookher,leavingbodytobefoundbyparkrangersandlegacyto bemournedbyconservationistsaroundtheworld. Theconservationistsmournednotonlythedeathoftheorganism,butalsoan -
Frankenstein's Mammoth: Anticipating the Global Legal Framework for De
Frankenstein’s Mammoth: Anticipating the Global Legal Framework For De-Extinction Erin Okuno* Scientists around the world are actively working toward de-extinction, the concept of bringing extinct species back to life. Before herds of woolly mammoths roam and flocks of passenger pigeons soar once again, the international community needs to consider what should be done about de- extinct species from a legal and policy perspective. In the context of international environmental law, the precautionary principle counsels that the absence of scientific certainty should not be used as an excuse for failing to prevent environmental harm. No global legal framework exists to protect and regulate de-extinct species, and this Article seeks to fill that gap by anticipating how the global legal framework for de-extinction could be structured. The Article recommends that the notions underlying the precautionary principle should be applied to de-extinction and that the role of international treaties and other international agreements should be considered to determine how they will or should apply to de-extinct species. The Article explains the concepts of extinction and de-extinction, reviews relevant international treaties and agreements, and analyzes how those treaties and agreements might affect de-extinct species as objects of trade, as migratory species, as biodiversity, as genetically modified organisms, and as intellectual property. The Article provides suggestions about how the treaties and the international legal framework could be modified to address de-extinct species more directly. Regardless of ongoing moral and ethical debates about de-extinction, the Article concludes that the international community must begin to contemplate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15779/Z38N85P Copyright © 2016 Regents of the University of California. -
I. G E O G RAP H IC PA T T E RNS in DIV E RS IT Y a . D Iversity And
I. GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY A. Diversity and Endemicty B. Patterns in Mammalian Richness 1 – latitude 2 – area 3 – isolation 4 – elevation C. Hotspots of Mammalian Biodiversity 1 – relevance 2 – optimal characteristics of hotspots 3 – empirical patterns for mammals II. CONSERVATION STATUS OF MAMMALS A. Prehistoric Extinctions B. Historic Extinctions 1 – summary (totals) 2 – taxonomic, morphologic bias 3 – Geographic bias C. Geography of Extinctions 1 – prehistory and human colonization 2 – geographic questions 3 – range collapse in mammals Hotspots of Mammalian Endemicity Endemic Mammals Species Richness (fig. 1) Schipper et al 2009 – Science 322:226. (color pdf distributed to lab sections) Fig. 2. Global patterns of threat, for land (brown) and marine (blue) mammals. (A) Number of globally threatened species (Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Fig. 4. Global patterns of knowledge, for land Endangered). Number of species affected by: (B) habitat loss; (C) harvesting; (D) (terrestrial and freshwater, brown) and marine (blue) accidental mortality; and (E) pollution. Same color scale employed in (B), (C), (D) species. (A) Number of species newly described since and (E) (hence, directly comparable). 1992. (B) Data-Deficient species. Mammal Extinctions 1500 to 2000 (151 species or subspecies; ~ 83 species) COMMON NAME LATIN NAME DATE RANGE PRIMARY CAUSE Lesser Hispanolan Ground Sloth Acratocnus comes 1550 Hispanola introduction of rats and pigs Greater Puerto Rican Ground Sloth Acratocnus major 1500 Puerto Rico introduction of rats -
Ecology and Conservation of Bat Species in the Western Ghats of India
Ecology and conservation of bat species in the Western Ghats of India Claire Felicity Rose Wordley Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Biology September 2014 i The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own, except where work which has formed part of jointly authored publications has been included. The contribution of the candidate and the other authors to this work has been explicitly indicated below. The candidate confirms that appropriate credit has been given within the thesis where reference has been made to the work of others. Chapter Two is based on work from “Wordley, C., Foui, E., Mudappa, D., Sankaran, M., Altringham, J. 2014 Acoustic identification of bats in the southern Western Ghats, India. Acta Chiropterologica 16 (1) 2014 (In press)’. For this publication I collected over 90% of the data, analysed all the data and prepared the manuscript. John Altringham and Mahesh Sankaran edited the manuscript. Eleni Foui collected the remainder of the data and prepared figures 2.1 and 2.3. Divya Mudappa assisted with data collection and manuscript editing. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. © 2014 The University of Leeds and Claire Felicity Rose Wordley The right of Claire Felicity Rose Wordley to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. ii The lesser dog faced fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis eating a banana. -
Community-Level Effects of Climate Change on Ontario's Terrestrial
Ministry of Natural Resources Community-Level 36 Effects of Climate CLIMATE Change on Ontario’s CHANGE Terrestrial Biodiversity RESEARCH REPORT CCRR-36 Responding to Climate Change Through Partnership Sustainability in a Changing Climate: An Overview of MNR’s Climate Change Strategy (2011-2014) Climate change will affect all MNR programs and the • Facilitate the development of renewable energy by natural resources for which it has responsibility. This collaborating with other Ministries to promote the val- strategy confirms MNR’s commitment to the Ontario ue of Ontario’s resources as potential green energy government’s climate change initiatives such as the sources, making Crown land available for renewable Go Green Action Plan on Climate Change and out- energy development, and working with proponents lines research and management program priorities to ensure that renewable energy developments are for the 2011-2014 period. consistent with approval requirements and that other Ministry priorities are considered. Theme 1: Understand Climate Change • Provide leadership and support to resource users MNR will gather, manage, and share information and industries to reduce carbon emissions and in- and knowledge about how ecosystem composition, crease carbon storage by undertaking afforestation, structure and function – and the people who live and protecting natural heritage areas, exploring oppor- work in them – will be affected by a changing climate. tunities for forest carbon management to increase Strategies: carbon uptake, and promoting the increased use of • Communicate internally and externally to build wood products over energy-intensive, non-renewable awareness of the known and potential impacts of alternatives. climate change and mitigation and adaptation op- • Help resource users and partners participate in a tions available to Ontarians. -
Least-Concern Species
Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Least-concern species From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents Featured content A least concern (LC) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as Current events evaluated but not qualified for any other category. As such they do not qualify as threatened, near threatened, or (before 2001) Random article conservation dependent. Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Species cannot be assigned the Least Concern category unless they have had their population status evaluated. That is, adequate information is needed to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution or population status. Interaction Since 2001 the category has had the abbreviation "LC", following the IUCN 2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1).[1] However, Help around 20% of least concern taxa (3261 of 15636) in the IUCN database use the code "LR/lc", which indicates they have not been About Wikipedia Community portal re-evaluated since 2000. Prior to 2001 "least concern" was a subcategory of the "Lower Risk" category and assigned the code Recent changes "LR/lc" or (lc). Contact page While "least concern" is not considered a red listed category by the IUCN, the 2006 Red List still assigns the category to 15636 Tools taxa. The number of animal species listed in this category totals 14033 (which includes several undescribed species such as a frog [2] What links here from the genus Philautus ). There are also 101 animal subspecies listed and 1500 plant taxa (1410 species, 55 subspecies, and Related changes 35 varieties). -
Ibex Images from the Magdalenian Culture
Ibex Images from the Magdalenian Culture ANDREA CASTELLI University of Perugia (Italy) graduate in Natural Sciences; based in Rome, ITALY; [email protected] ABSTRACT This work deals with a set of images created during the Magdalenian period of Western Europe, part of what is known as Upper Paleolithic or prehistoric “art.” The set includes 95 images depicting four species: chamois, Py- renean ibex, Alpine ibex, and saiga antelope. A selection of previously published image descriptions are collected here, and revised and extended with reference to current naturalistic knowledge. In 48 of the images studied, the image-makers selectively depicted seasonal characters and behaviors, as first remarked by Alexander Marshack for images of all subjects, but 41 ibex and saiga antelope images reveal a focus on selected horn features—winter rings and growth rings—which are unique to these two subjects and first remarked here. These are not seasonal characters but are still closely related to the passage of time and may have been used as a visual device to keep track of solar years, elapsed or to come. Revealing similar concerns by the image-makers, and the same creative way of using images from the natural world surrounding them, this new theory can be seen as complementary to the seasonal meaning theory, of which a brief historical account is included here. The careful study of selected images and image associations also led to the finding, in line with recent paleobiogeographical data, that the Py- renean ibex was the most frequently—if not the only—ibex species depicted by the image-makers, as a rule in its winter coat. -
Book of Abstracts Keynote 1
GEO BON OPEN SCIENCE CONFERENCE & ALL HANDS MEETING 2020 06–10 July 2020, 100 % VIRTUAL Book of Abstracts Keynote 1 IPBES: Science and evidence for biodiversity policy and action Anne Larigauderie Executive Secretary of IPBES This talk will start by a presentation of the achievements of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity (IPBES) during its first work programme, starting with the release of its first assessment, on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production in 2016, and culminating with the release of the first IPBES Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in 2019. The talk will highlights some of the findings of the IPBES Global Assessment, including trends in the contributions of nature to people over the past 50 years, direct and indirect causes of biodiversity loss, and progress against the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, and some of the Sustainable Development Goals, ending with options for action. The talk will then briefly present the new IPBES work programme up to 2030, and its three new topics, and end with considerations regarding GEO BON, and the need to establish an operational global observing system for biodiversity to support the implementation of the post 2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. 1 Keynote 2 Securing Critical Natural Capital: Science and Policy Frontiers for Essential Ecosystem Service Variables Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer Stanford University, USA As governments, business, and lending institutions are increasingly considering investments in natural capital as one strategy to meet their operational and development goals sustainably, the importance of accurate, accessible information on ecosystem services has never been greater. However, many ecosystem services are highly localized, requiring high-resolution and contextually specific information—which has hindered the delivery of this information at the pace and scale at which it is needed. -
Lessons for Conservation Eric Isaí Ameca Y Juárez
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Spiral - Imperial College Digital Repository Natural population die-offs: lessons for conservation Eric Isaí Ameca y Juárez A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the Division of Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London Contents Abstract Declaration Acknowledgements Chapter 1 12 Natural population die-offs: causes and consequences for terrestrial mammals Extreme natural events and biodiversity loss Defining abnormally high population losses Extreme natural events, species biology & incidence of natural population die-offs Predicting vulnerability to natural population die-offs Natural population die-offs, climate change & the implications for conservation Chapter 2 23 Identifying species biological characteristics shaping natural population die-offs Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Chapter 3 37 Assessing exposure to extreme climatic events for terrestrial mammals Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion 2 | P a g e Chapter 4 50 Vulnerability assessment to cyclone-driven population declines: an implementation for Mexican terrestrial endangered mammals Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Chapter 5 62 Quantifying the impact of cyclones on extinction probability of a primate population: insights into island extirpations Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusions 78 List of references 83 List of tables 114 Table 1.1 Examples of extreme natural events reported