Field sSteiNews Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History,

Vol. 9 JANUARY, 1938 No. 1

NEW EXHIBIT SHOWS PREHISTORIC BIRDS RESTORED AS THEY APPEARED IN LIFE By Rudyerd Boulton the requirements of "missing links" per- feet long, resembling a gigantic loon, was Curator of Birds fectly. They are halfway between reptiles flightless but more perfectly adapted for Present-day birds show in great detail and birds, but by reason of possessing life in the water than any other known bird, the adaptations and specializations that feathers (the only definitive character that probably even more so than a penguin. have produced the 27,000-odd distinct kinds separates birds from all other living crea- Diatryma and Phororhacos were large, that are Ijnown now to inhabit the earth. tures) they are called birds. flightless, predatory, crane-like birds that The relationships of the various living groups Archaeornis had well developed teeth, lived, respectively, in Wyoming during the could not be well determined without the free moving undifferentiated fingers at the Eocene period (50,000,000 years ago) and evidence afforded by fossilized skeletons of bend of the wing, and a long jointed lizard- in Argentina during the Miocene (about birds long extinct. For this reason fossil like tail with a pair of stiff feathers arising 10,000,000 or 12,000,000 years ago). Dia- birds present a field that is most tantalizing from each caudal vertebra. It had well tryma was a formidable creature about to the ornithologist. seven feet tall and While perfectly pre- more powerfully built served and complete than an ostrich. Phoro- fossils of birds are rhacos had many rela- extraordinarily rare, tives. About sixteen compared with fossils genera and thirty-flve of other vertebrate species are known. At groups, the total of a single locality some the paleontological fourteen kinds have evidence is by no been discovered, and means inconsiderable. while it may be that Six orders, thirty-one these were not all con- families, about 250 temporaries, the plains genera, and 1,000 of Patagonia undoubt- species of extinct birds edly teemed with large are known, and a carnivorous flightless great many birds still birds. living have a record The moa of New which goes back to Zealand {Dinornts), the Pleistocene epoch, and the elephant-bird one or million of Madagascar (Aepy- years ago. This is ornis) are interesting equal to considerably not only because they more than half the were the largest birds number of kinds of that ever existed, but birds that now inhabit because both of them North America. were probably exter- Two years ago plans minated when their were made to present island retreats were some of this evidence first populated by of the past history of man. birds, and recently an Gallinuloides, a very exhibit showing recon- perfectly preserved structions of eight of but small and obscure, the most important quail-like bird from types of fossil birds the Eocene of Wyom- was placed on view in ing, completes the ex- hibit. It was Hall 21. The restora- Fossil Birds probably tions were made the forerunner of the by Exhibit "brings to life" some of the earth's earliest feathered inhabitants. Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, Curator of the writer, and ably Birds, who is responsible for these restorations, is seen at left, making final check on installation with Dr. Wilfred guans and curassows modeled in plaster, H. Osgood, Chief Curator of Zoology. The birds are: (left to right, top row) Ichthyornis, ArchaeornU, Hesper- that now inhabit wax and omig, and (lower row) Phororhacos, Gallinuloideg^ Dinornig, Aepyornig, and Diatryma. The last three named Central and South composition are represented also by the separate life-size models of heads at right. Descriptions of all of these species will be by Messrs. Gus found in the accompanying article. America. Schmidt and Frank The exhibit is ac- Gino, Works Progress Administration sculp- developed wings but no sternum, and conse- companied by diagrams and drawings of tors assigned to the Museum. It is believed quently no "keeled breastbone" for the the skeletons from which the restorations that there is no other exhibit similar to this attachment of flight muscles. It could not were made. These were prepared by Mr. in existence. flap its wings effectively and so could not John Janecek. ArehaeopUryx lithographica is by all fly in the true sense of the word. It probably odds the most famous fossil bird. It is lived on cliffs and the among cycad-like Contribution from Mrs. known only from one specimen preserved vegetation that flourished in its time, using Raymond in the . Its very close, its fingers to aid it in climbing upwards and Mrs. James Nelson Raymond made a almost indistinguishable, relative—Archae- then setting its wings and gliding downwards gift of $2,000 to the Museum in December, ornis siemensi—also known from only one like a flying squirrel. bringing to $6,000 the total amount con- specimen, in the Berlin Museum, is more Next in importance are two other toothed tributed during 1937. Her gifts are for the perfectly preserved, and so, although less birds, Ichthyornis and Hesperornis, which support of activities of the James Nelson famous, it is the one that has been restored. lived in what is now Kansas during the and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for These birds were found in the lithographic Cretaceous period (about 75,000,000 years Public School and Children's Lectures stone of Bavaria. They lived during the ago). Both were obviously fish eaters, and which she founded and endowed in 1925. Jurassic period (about 135,000,000 years Ichthyornis, about the size of a large tern, She has made many additional contributions ago), and are important because they fulfill was powerful in flight. Hesperornis, five during the years since that time. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS January, 19S8

Field Museum of Natural History ACTING CURATOR APPOINTED end or at the side of the tunnel. In the lined with or the female Founded by Marehall Field, 1893 FOR HARRIS EXTENSION nest, grass reeds, from one to three which she alone RooscTcIt Road and Field Drive, Chicago At a held December the lays eggs, meeting 20, incubates. The young are not nursed for Board of Trustees approved the appoint- some days after hatching, but are held THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ment of Mr. John R. Millar as Acting Avery Samuel Jr. against the mother's abdomen by her tail. Sbwbix L. Insull, Curator in charge of the Department of the Leopold E. Block Charles A. McCulloch The platypus was first described from a Borden William H. Mitchell N. W. Harris Public School Extension. John single specimen in 1799, but it was not until William J. Chalmers George A. Richardson Mr. Millar has been a member of the more specimens were secured that the exis- Albert B Dick, Jr. Fred W. Sargent Stag of the Museum since 1918. Previous Joseph N. Field Jambs Simpson tence of such a curious mammal was fully Solomon A. Smith to this appointment, he has been engaged in Marshall Field accepted. —CCS. Stanley Field Albert A. Sprague the Department of in work of a Silas H. Strawn Albert W. Harris which, with his natural John P. WiiaoN type qualifications, especially fits him for important branches of VOLUNTEER WORKERS ASSIST OFFICERS the work in his new position. Techniques MUSEUM STAFF President Stanley Field which he in of Albert A. Spragub Firet Vice-President developed preparation A great deal of important work currently botanical exhibits are to use James Simpson Second Vice-President applicable by is being done in the Museum by volunteer W. Harris Third Vice-President Albert his assistants in the creation of the traveling of C. Grbog Director ond Secretary workers in co-operation with members Clifford exhibits circulated by the Harris Extension Solomon A. Smith. . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary the Museum Staff. Mr. Clarence Mitchell, 434 schools with an enroll- among Chicago expert photographer, is engaged on a project ment of more than half a million pupils. of making color pictures of outstanding FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Millar has lived most Mr. was born and material in the collections. Mr. P. G. Director the . . .Editor Clifford C. Gregg, of Museum. of his life in He is a of Chicago. graduate Dallwig, "the Layman Lecturer," is con- CONTRIBUTING EDITORS the Crane Technical School, and High ducting large parties of visitors on Sunday furthered his education at the Armour Paul S. Martin ChieJ Curator of Anthropology lecture tours. Mrs. Edna Horn Mandel is B. E. Dahlgren Chief Curator of Botany Institute of and the University Chicago. with Curator Martin Wilbur in Henry W. Nichols Chief Curator of Geology working C He has been a member of three important Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology studies of Chinese paintings, and she has botanical expeditions of the Museum: one H. B. Harte Maruigins Editor designed a special storage system to facili- to southern Florida in the 1918-19; Stanley tate the use of this collection by students. Field Expedition to British Guiana in 1922, Field Museum is open every day of the year (except Miss Elizabeth Hambleton, who has a and the Marshall Field to Brazil Ctiristmas and New Year's Day) during tlie liours Expedition degree in anthropology from the University indicated Ijeiow: in 1926. of is Dr. Paul S. Martin, 9 4 P.M. Chicago, assisting November, Deceml>er, January , February A.M. to The former Curator of the Harris Exten- Octoiier 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. Chief Curator of Anthropology, in classi- March, April, Septemi>er, sion was the late Stephen C. Simms, who May, June, July, August 9 A.M. to 6 p.m. fying pottery collected by the 1937 Field was in charge of the Department from its to the Admission is free to Members on all Other Museum Archaeological Expedition days. establishment in 1912 until his death last adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and Southwest, in editing manuscripts, and in non-members 25 cents on other year, to it even after Sundays; pay days. continuing supervise proofreading. Miss Fanny Sibley, for Children are admitted free on all and days. Students he became Director of the Museum in 1928. of faculty members of educational institutions are admit* several years an American resident ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. Turkey, is assisting Curator Richard A. The Museum's natural history Library is oi>en for Martin in cataloguing potsherds from the reference daily except Saturday afternoon and Sunday. THINGS MISSED Near East. Mrs. Hermon Dunlap Smith is exhibits are circulated in YOU MAY HAVE Traveling the schools of in a research project on plumage Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension engaged Department of the Museum. variation in wood-warblers, working in co-op- eration with Curator Boulton. Lectures for schools, and special entertainments (It has been the policy of Field Museum Rudyerd and tours for children at the are Museum, provided News to feature chiefly articles and photo- by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond to Foundation for Public School and Cliildren's Lectures. graphs pertaining large exhibits of current ANCIENT HAIRNET or recent installation. While this will be coTir- Announcements of free illustrated lectures for the Hairnets such as were used by women public, and special lectures for Members of the Museum, tinned, there are many items high in interest in some are typified will appear in Field Museum News. either because are not outstand- Egypt 1,600 years ago which, they hall of A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms by one on exhibition in the Egyptian ing in size, or perhaps because they were are provided for those bringing their lunches. archaeology (Hall J). Of Roman type, this net installed years ago, may have failed in recent Chicago Motor Coach Company No. 26 buses go is estimated to have been fashioned between direct to years to attract the attention they deserve. the Museum. the third and fifth centuries after Chrtet. Members are requested to inform the Museum The series of which this article is the first has of No attempt was made to achieve invisibility promptly changes of address. been begun, therefore, to bring to notice some as in modem hairnets. This net is a heavy, of these "things you may have missed.") MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM knitted, ornamental cap-like item in bright red wool. to Field Museum has several classes of Members. According archaeologists, Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- the hair was swathed in linen veils until the tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members head was about twice its natural size. Non-Resident Life and give $500; Associate Members Then the net was stretched over the wearer's pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining already wrapped and covered hair. It was Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they fastened by tying strings attached to it. become Associate Members. Annual Members con- tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- Displayed also are a bonnet and cap, rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions both of linen, with plaid designs. In the under these classifications being made by special action which resembles in cut what would of the Board of Trustees. bonnet, be termed a there are Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free today sunbonnet, The Duck-billed Web-footed Platypus, admission to the Museum for himself, his family and embroidered lines in dark brown silk criss- house and to two a Mammal That Lays Eggs guests, reserved seats for Museum crossing the tan linen. It is edged with blue- lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field a mammal, although it has a linen. The is interwoven with Museum News is included with all memberships. The Definitely striped cap courtesies of every museum of note in the United bill like a duck, webbed feet, and lays eggs, lines of blue silk. Both bonnet and cap States and Canada are extended to all Members of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus consist of two halves stitched together, each Field Museum. A Member his card may give personal of eastern and half lined with a coarser linen than to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of Shaw), Tasmania, being which they will be admitted to the Museum without is indeed a curious animal. The only other that which showed when worn. charge. Further information about memberships will mammals are the echidnas, of be sent on egg-laying request. Australia and New Guinea. These and the Ferns of the Indiana Dunes BEQUESTS A.ND ENDOW.MENTS platypus form the order Monotremata. The platypus lives in rivers, and digs Mr. R. M. Tryon, Jr., published recently Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may It feeds in Naturalist a list of be made in securities, money, books or collections. burrows in the banks. on shellfish, the MuUand twenty-six They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to water insects and their larvae, and other species of ferns from the Indiana Dunes at a or named the person cause, by giver. small aquatic creatures which it procures the southern end of Lake . In Contributions made within the taxable not year the of the river bottoms. It is view of the fact that the region is exceeding 15 per cent of the net income from mud Chicago taxpayer's are the allowable as deductions in computing net income for especially adapted to this mode of life by considered rather poor in its fern flora, federal income tax purposes. the duckbill-like development of its mouth, number reported in this paper, based upon Endowments may be made to the Museum with the and by its broadly webbed feet. exploration extending over several years, is provision that an annuity be to the for life. paid patron to Mr. has These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in The burrows are from twenty thirty remarkably large. Tryon presented and amount, may reduce federal income taxes. feet long, and have a nest chamber at the to Field Museum a set of specimens. January, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Pages REPORT SUMMARIZING WORK OF SOUTHWEST EXPEDITION NEANDERTHAL TOOTH EXHIBITED By Hbnby Field By Paul S. Martin in supplies was small slab-lined, above- Curator of Chief of Physical Anthropology Curator, Department Anthropology ground rooms. 19S7 issue) The second lower right molar tooth of a {Continued from December, At about the end of the eighth century Neanderthal man has been placed on The sites excavated in 1937 by the Field after Christ, another group of Indians exhibition in the Hall of the Stone Age of Museum Archaeological Expedition to the moved into this area. This penetration the Old World (Hall C). This tooth, pre- Southwest were chosen because from surface was probably peaceful, but nevertheless sented to the Museum by its discoverer, the indications they appeared to be of early had far-reaching results. The Basket- late Dr. Henri Martin, was found in 1911 dates. Toward the end of the season it was Maker culture was modified. The new during excavations at La Quina in the found, from the survey conducted by Mr. culture which from this contact developed Charente district of France. This site was Lloyd (see December, 1937 Fikld Museum of two peoples is called "Pueblo" and still excavated intermittently from 1905 to 1936. News) that there were some very much flourishes to a certain extent in New The thick at La to earlier ruins in the neighborhood—ruins and Arizona. deposits Quina belong the Middle Mousterian culture. In the which might go back to a.d. 500 or before. The houses which were excavated during lower levels bones of the horse occur more But it was impossible to probe into them at the summer of 1937 were constructed than those of the reindeer. this time when the season was almost con- immediately after this new group of Indians frequently There is also abundant evidence of bison and cluded. Therefore these earliest ruins have merged with the Basket-Maker Indians, fallow deer. animal bones show been reserved for investigation during and are representative of an interesting and Many evidence of being flint-marked, particularly another summer. little-known period. The astonishing changes those which have served as chopping-blocks. As was the case with the survey, all of the wrought by this cultural meeting were A series of flint and bone implements information acquired from the excavations reflected in the types of dwellings, for no large have come to light, showing the technical has not yet been compiled. But it is safe two houses were the same, and none were skill of the Neanderthal workmen. to state that the expedition penetrated into exactly like those built in earlier or later In Hall C there are representative series of stone and bone implements from the various levels at La Quina. Dr. Martin also found seventy-six calcareous spheroids which may have been used as bolas by the ancient hunters of the Charente some fifty thousand years ago. In 1911 Dr. Martin also found the skeleton of a young woman about twenty-five years of age. The teeth were well preserved and large in size. A slight deposit of tartar occurred, principally on the molars. Accord- ing to Professor G. G. MacCurdy, of Yale University, traces of the habitual use of a toothpick were found between the first and second molars. In addition to this skeleton, fragments of about thirty Neanderthalers have been unearthed during the past 30 years. Dr. Martin believed that at La Quina cannibalism was not practised; also, that Neanderthal Man did not bury his dead. There is, however, evidence from other excavations to suggest that some five hundred centuries before the birth of Christ members of the Neanderthal race believed in a future life. For example, one Neander- thaler's skeleton was found with a flint implement in his hand and the leg bone of a bison by his side—thus the weapon to protect him and the meat to sustain him on his voyage beyond the grave. Since the turn of the century a number of One of Sites Excavated by Arctlaeological Expedition Neanderthal skeletons have been foimd, View from a photographic tower showing (in front) ruins of ancient corn storage bins, and (in rear) a iciva pit associated with Mousterian cultures. Thus house of the preiiistoric Indians who inhabited the extreme southwestern part of Colorado. The site covers an area it was to make a reconstruction of a of about 1,300 square feet. The measuring stick on the wall in the center is 10 feet long. possible Neanderthal family at Gibraltar in the Hall a period of southwestern history about periods. It was observed also that the new- of the Stone Age (see Field Museum News, were which little is known. comers were about ready to enlarge the September, 1933). These figures Frederick Blaschke. To clarify this, I must explain that the small, slab-lined, above-ground storage bins modeled by Mr. are earliest people in Colorado and northern so as to make them suitable for habitation, As prehistoric human remains usually Arizona about whom we know anything are and to transform the old underground retained in the country of origin as national tooth called Basket-Makers. This is a misnomer, chambers for use only in ceremonies. property, an original Neanderthal the because the Basket-Maker Indians made These and other facts gleaned by the comes as a welcome addition to pottery as well as baskets. Their culture researches of the past summer are of great Museum's collections. flourished some three or four hundred years archaeological significance. The sites in Field Museum is fortunate in also pos- (approximately from the middle of the flfth which work was carried on represent a cul- sessing two cranial fragments of a Neander- century a.d. to the middle or end of the tural period of flux and change which had thal child from Le Moustier, Dordogne, eighth century). During this time the never before been studied or even noted France, and the world-famous Cap-Blanc culture of the Basket-Maker Indians under- in southwestern Colorado. From the results skeleton of a young Magdalenian girl. went few changes. Briefly, it may be stated obtained it will be possible to prove that that the Basket-Maker Indian lived in a kivas (underground ceremonial chambers) Fluorescent roundish or squarish subterranean house, grew directly out of early underground Opal the floor of which was seven or eight feet houses. Pottery in an abundant variety of A fluorescent mineral of more than usual below the ground surface. The roof con- excellent types was carefully collected by beauty has been added to the exhibit of sisted of logs supported by forked upright levels. Thus if the types at the bottom of a fiuorescent minerals in Hall 34. This is a posts. In the floor and near the center of refuse heap are different from those in the hyalite, a colorless, water-clear, transparent such a house was a firepit. Entrance to the middle or top layers, the differences may be variety of opal. It is shown in the form of a house was a which noted. When the broken of film a surface. When through passageway specimens covering granite _ was always located on the south side. pottery are mended, they will add immeasur- exposed to ultra-violet light, as provided in Pottery-making, textile-weaving, and agri- ably to the Museum's collections, which the Museum exhibit, the colorless mineral culture (com, and later, beans) were prac- have lacked the types found by this ex- emits a brilliant green light, while the tised by these Indians. Storage of food pedition. enclosing granite glows with a dull red. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS January, 1938

SUNDAY LECTURE-TOURS COVER Mr. Colin C. Sanborn, Curator of Mam- JANUARY GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS mals, a radio talk over station BILLION YEARS OF LIFE recently gave Conducted tours of exhibits, under the WLS (The Prairie Farmer), addressed espe- The of one billion years of life will guidance of staff lecturers, are made every story cially to American farm youth. His story of be in tours conducted afternoon at 3 p.m., except Saturdays, presented Sunday by Field Museum's animal groups, and how Mr. P. G. the Lecturer, Sundays, and certain holidays. Following Dallwig, Layman specimens are collected, brought many of 1938. In is the schedule of subjects and dates for during the first quarter January letters to the Museum from listeners. his will be "Nature's 'March of January: subject" Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Chief Curator of — Time' in which he will trace animal and Week beginning January 3: Monday Plants and Zoology, and Staff Taxidermist C. J. Animals of I^ng Ago; Tuesday—Systematic Animal life from its beginning about one — plant Albrecht both appeared as lecturers before Hall; Wednesday Hall of Races of Mankind; Thursday billion down to the dawn of the —General —Earth Forces and Their Work. years ago, the Campfire Club of Chicago on December Tour; Friday era of a million years Week beginning January 10: Monday—American man, approximately 2. on his Dr. Osgood related experiences Archaeology*; Tuesday—Palms and Cereals: Wednesday ago. This lecture will be illustrated by a 1937 expedition to Indo-, and Mr. —Egyptian Hall; Thursday—General Tour; Friday— tour of Ernest R. Graham Hall of Historical Bird Habitat Albrecht told of his expedition to the Groups. On Sundays in February the Week beginning January 17: —The Story Geology. Pribilof Islands to collect seals last summer. — Monday — subject will be "Digging Up Our Ancestral of Plant Life; Tuesday Jades; Wednesday Chinese Mr. Albrecht repeated his lecture before and Tibetan Exhibits; Thursday—General Tour; Skeletons," following the course of human — the University Club on December 18. Friday Animal Life of the Chicago .\rea. life from its to the advent of — beginning Week beginning January—24: Monday Men of the recorded history, the narrative being ac- Old Stone Age; Tuesday Minerals —of the United a tour of the Hall of the Stone FIELD MUSEUM SPECIMEN States and Its Possessions; Wednesday Plants Native companied by to the Americas; Thursday—General Tour; Friday— Age. In March, under the title "Parade of FILLS GAP IN HISTORY Skeletons. the Mr. will his — Races," Dallwig acquaint A limestone slab in the Egyptian collec- Monday, January 31 The Eskimos. listeners with the principal living races of tion of Field Museum is now helping to fill a Persons wishing to participate should Chauncey Memorial mankind, touring Keep gap in the history of Old Kingdom sculpture. apply at North Entrance. Tours are free Hall which contains the extensive series of noticed Mr. W. Smith of the and no gratuities are to be A new Miss Malvina Hoffman. Recently by proffered. racial sculptures by Harvard-Boston Museum Expedition to schedule will appear each month in Field Attendance one Sunday in each of the Egypt, this piece, with others in the Metro- Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services three months, to derive the benefit of the politan Museum, New York, the Louvre, for special tours by parties of ten or more entire series in consecutive and connected Paris, and the Cairo Museum, is an im- are available free of charge by arrangement is The Sunday lectures, form, suggested. portant aid in completing a reconstruction of with the Director a week in advance. last October, have proved inaugurated a tomb of the Fifth Dynasty (circa 2500 B.C.). extremely popular week after week, and to The sculpture in the Museum is a section Gifts to the Museum be sure of accommodations it is advisable of the doorframe from the mastaba tomb of to make reservations in advance. This may Following is a list of some of the principal Meri, "overseer of the treasury." As this be done either by mail or by telephone gifts received during the last month: dates to long before the days of coinage, 9410). Only if advance reserva- From Hammermill Paper Company—paper pulp (Wabash and the "funds" consisted of — tions do not exceed the number to which largely agri- and paper machine stock; from George Moore 266 a f Professor cultural products and commodities, great herbarium specimens, Missouri ; rom Manuel the party is limited, will additional registra- — treasury officials were necessary. Valerio 115 herbarium specimens, Costa Rica; from tions be for other visitors many of Texas—86 herbarium permitted Sunday as must have been an im- University specimens, Texas; at the Museum. Meri, director, from Jardiro Botanico de Bello Horizonte— 175 herba- man. —R.A.M. rium from Yale — 126 The lectures at 2 P.M. portant specimens, Brazil; University begin promptly herbarium specimens, .\frica and Fiji; from Carleton and end at 4:15; midway there is an inter- College—134 herbarium specimens, Costa Rica; from Visitors — mission for relaxation. Special tables are Distinguished Dr. Earl E. Sherff 109 herbarium specimens and 54 of from M. Vonsen—2 of reserved in the Cafeteria for those who wish the of distinction in negatives plants; specimens Among persons bakerite, Caliiomia; from Rev. Dr. Hugo Bren—a speci- to obtain refreshments or smoke during various fields who have been visitors at men of cephalopod, showing siphunde, ; from Robert R. —a of this interval. Field Museum recently are: Mr. Gilbert Sovey specimen stigmaria, Illinois; from K. E. —fossil frond and fossil To avoid and inconvenience to Director of the Auckland Institute Lofquist crustacean, delay Archey, Illinois; from Miss Nancy Woodson—a specimen of themselves and others, those participating and Museum in ; Mr. J. R. limestone. Switzerland; from G. B. Calhoun—a speci- men of after are requested to arrive at the Museum a Kinghom, zoologist of the Australian chalcedony pseudomorph root, Wyoming; from Dr. H. H. Nininger—a stone meteorite. South few minutes before 2 o'clock so that registra- Museum in Dr. J. M. Sydney; Menzies, Australia; from Captain John D. Craig—2 clips of tions may be completed, and wraps checked. head of the department of archaeology at motion picture film (positive) showing portions of a Mr. Dallwig is a Chicago business man, Cheeloo University, Shantung I*rovince, whale shark, off Mexico; from Chicago Zoological —7 mammal and 2 bird from and a Member of the whose deep Mrs. Franldin Delano Society specimens; Museum, China; Roosevelt, Zoological Society of London—5 hedgehogs, England; interest in scientific subjects has led him to wife of the President of the ; from Dr. Alfred E. Emerson—a five-lined skink. New Karl P. —54 small mammal skins volunteer his services for this work with- Mr. J. O. Brew, specialist in archaeology of York; from Schmidt with 53 skulls, Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin; out cost to those participating, or to the the American on the staff of Southwest, from Booth Fisheries Corporation—7 specimens of Museum. He is an impressive and dramatic the Peabody Museum, Harvard University; roeefish. New England coast; from Henry Dybas—80 sj)eaker, whose command of his subjects Mr. Earl Morris of the staff of the Carnegie beetles, bugs, grasshoppers, and crickets, Indiana and from Miss Adeline Rose Krause has favorable comments from Institution of D. and Dr. Illinois, Wisconsin; brought many Washington, C, —a hornless cow skull; from R. Castang—a chim- those his lecture-tours. Harold S. Colton of the Museum of Northern from Dr. A. E. —7 lizards 5 attending previous panzee; Borell and snakes,— Arizona at Flagstaff. Texas; from United States National Park Service 184 frogs, lizards, snakes, and turtles, Texas; from Dr. Staff Notes Dr. Menzies spent several days at the J. C. Cross—a Texas indigo snake; from Lincoln Park Museum conducting research, in collabo- Zoo—a South American snake; from Dr. Henr>- Field Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of —86 and ration with Curator C. Martin Wilbur, on grasshoppers, roaches, mantids, katydids, Anthropology, attended the meetings of the Iraq; from Edward J. Brundage—6 cr\istaceans and Chinese jades and bronzes of the important 449 insects and and American ^thropological Association held allies, United States, Panama, Shang Dynasty (1400-1100 B. C.) upon Colombia; from Bertil Hartelius—335 insects, Ar^ at Yale University December 28-31, and kansas and Texas. which he is a leading Mrs. a on the 1937 Field Museum authority. presented report Roosevelt wrote an article about the to the Archaeological Expedition Southwest, Museum in her column, which NEW MEMBERS of which he was leader. "My Day," is syndicated to many newspapers. The following persons were elected to Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, Curator of Birds, membership in Field Museum during the has gone east for several weeks of special period from November 16 to December 15: research under co-operative arrangements 1,350 Four-H Club Boys and Girls with the American Museum of Natural on Tours of Field Museum Associate Members History, New York, and the Carnegie Robert C. Borwell, Robert William Elich, Oscar During the International Live Stock Fineman, Mrs. Gerhard Foreman, Edmund C. Henschel, Museum of Pittsburgh. He is working on Exposition held in Chicago in December, Joseph F. Hejna, Miss Laura E. Jackson, Edward B. the taxonomy and distribution of the birds McGuinn, Mrs. Margaret Yorkey. 610 girls and 742 boys from American farms, of Angola (Portuguese West Africa). These delegates to the National Four-H Club Annual Members institutions, like Field Museum, have large Congress, were brought to Field Museum. Miss Evelyn T. Bennett, Mrs. Henry W. Boyd, collections from he Miss Helen M. L. William resulting expeditions were conducted on tours of the Bunton, Harry Cavanagh, conducted. They Gerard Chapman, Mrs. W. A. Douglass, Adam Gabriel, exhibits by members of the staff of the G. McStay Jackson, A. J. Johnston, D. C. Jones, Miss Mr. Elmer S. Curator of Riggs, Paleon- James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Mary Juhn, C. H. Krause, Marshal D. Molay, M.D., tology, attended conferences of the Foundation. Andrew P. Olsen, Bert Ray, James R. Webster. Geological Society of America, and the Paleontological Society of America, at A reproduction of a tea bush in flower and A collection of albino birds and mammals Washington, D. C, December 28-30. fruit is exhibited in Hall 25. is on view in an alcove adjoining Hall 21. PHINTSB BY nCLO MUSEUM PRKSS liffipNews Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 FEBRUARY, 1938 No. 2

LAYSAN—TINY MID-PACIFIC ISLAND WHERE MYRIADS OF OCEANIC BIRDS GATHER By Wilfred H. Osgood observer has said, it is in many respects rail, a warbler, and two honey eaters of the Chief Curator, Department of Zoology more suggestive of a "cake-walk." This Hawaiian family Drepanidae. Until the An important addition to the habitat consists of a series of bowings and antics advent of man, all of these found support groups of birds in Hall 20 is an exhibit executed by two birds facing each other. on Laysan, but trouble began for them showing a stretch of shore with many of the It nearly always follows a definite sequence, in the late nineties when the island was myriads of oceanic birds which resort to and always ends with both birds pointing exploited for guano. Even after the United Laysan Island (of the Hawaiian archipelago) their beaks directly upward in the pose States annexed , and after Laysan to breed. The group is an enlargement and shown by a pair near the center of the with neighboring islands became a federal reinstallation of a former exhibit previously Museum's group. From a point of vantage, bird reservation, there were destructive shown in a floor case. Staff Taxidermist an observer may often see twenty-five or raids by Japanese poachers seeking plumage Leon L. Pray, who prepared the original thirty couples all engaged in this per- for the feather trade. The guano workers group, has painted a new and more compre- formance at once. Doubtless it has some did not greatly molest the birds by direct hensive background, action, but through added new birds, re- their introduction '^' ^.—^.^ assembled others, and of domestic rabbits installed new plant the island was almost accessories prepared denuded of vege- under the direction J tation, with well of Mr. Frank Letl. J nigh fatal conse- The result is a W quences to the land very attractive and birds. In 1923, a exceedingly appro- government party, priate feature for under the leadership Hall 20, which is of Dr. Alexander devoted to the exhibi- Wetmore, succeeded tion of birds represen- in exterminating tative of widely vary- the rabbits and it ing habits throughout is now hoped that the world. original conditions The birds of the have been restored. open sea, among A visit to Laysan which the albatrosses evidently leaves a are best known, come lasting impression. to land only at certain Dr. Walter K. Fisher, seasons to lay their whose accounts are eggs and rear their the best recorded, young. For this concludes one of purpose they choose them as follows: isolated, uninhabited "Thus, in attempt- islands where there ing to indicate some- is of the life freedom from Natural Sanctuary thing molestation by man of the albatross, I Bird life of Island in the Hawaiian as habitat in Hall 20. Note and most other ene- Laysan archipelago, depicted by group have wholly failed to albatrosses (just left of center) with their beaks lifted vertically, demonstrating a phi.ase of their characteristic mies. Laysan Island, include the subtle "dance." Birds and background were prepared by StaCF Taxidermist L. L. Pray. lying about 800 miles charm .which reaches northwest of , one through the soft is one of the most famous of such places. relation to the nuptial activities so well tropical sky, the salty breeze, the sparkling Although having an area of scarcely two known in certain other birds, but in this lights on waves, now green now purplish, as square miles, it supports an incredibly large case it continues long beyond the actual they break on the coral reef; and the wilder population, estimated in 1902 to be two mating season and seems to have become scenes in the tossing surges that assail the millions. This figure is probably high, but a pastime. eastern shore with booming roars and clouds gives some indication of the vast numbers. Besides the albatrosses, the group includes of flying spray; and the darting, screaming The few naturalists fortunate enough to two species of gannets or boobies, and many multitude of sea fowl gleaning their living have visited Laysan report that it presents frigates or man o'war birds. These last, prey from the tumult of waters, or winging one of the most fascinating displays of bird perhaps the most powerful and graceful their certain way to the expectant nestlings." life to be found in the whole world. This fliers of all birds, build a bulky nest of sticks is not only because of the number of birds, on the semi-procumbent bushes. Before the but because of their unusually interesting eggs are laid, the male sits on the nest and HALL IN MUSEUM NAMED habits and their of fear of inflates a naked complete lack peculiar gular pouch, FOR R. T. CRANE, JR. man. As a man walks among them, they apparently as a display before the female scarcely step aside to let him pass, or they which flies overhead. This pouch is deep In honor of the late Richard T. Crane, Jr., peck at his trousers as if to ask who he is red in color and when fully inflated has Benefactor of the Museum, and former and what his business. This is especially nearly the size and very much the appear- member of the Board of Trustees, a reso- true of the albatrosses, which are the pre- ance of a child's toy balloon. Other species lution to name Hall 16 (the Hall of American dominating birds. There are two species shown are the red-tailed tropic bird, which Mammal Habitat Groups) "Richard T. of these, the Laysan albatross, which is sailors call the "bo'sun bird," on account Crane, Jr., Hall" was adopted by the snowy white with dark brown back and of its shrill whistle, and several petrels and Trustees at a meeting held January 17. wings; and the black-footed albatross, shearwaters which nest in burrows in the This action was taken in recognition of the wholly sooty in color. sandy ground. Four species of terns add deep interest Mr. Crane manifested in the The Laysan albatross spends much of its their graceful forms to the scene. Museum's work for more than twenty-five time in going through a series of stately, Land birds are few and now nearly or years, the many important services he dignified performances described by ornith- quite extinct in this locality. Five peculiar rendered the institution, and his generous ologists as a "dance," although, as one species formerly existed, a teal, a flightless contributions totaling in excess of $229,000. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS February, 19S8

Field Museum of Natural History CURIOUS AFRICAN ORNAMENTS little-explored regions of the upper Amazon, at the base of the . heads are Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 By Wilfrid D. Hambly The those of killed in battle. RoouTelt Road and Field Drire, Cailcafio Curator of African Ethnology usually enemies By a laborious process the Indians reduce Negroes, both men and women, are noted OF TRUSTEES them to about one-fourth of their original THE BOARD for the strange mutilations performed on Sbwell L. Avbry Sauuel Insuix, Jr. size, at the same time preserving them their bodies, and the heavy ornaments they Lbopold E. Block Chahubs A. McCulloch perfectly. The shape and proportions of Wiixiah B. Mitchell wear for supposed beautification. Scars John Borden the features are in no way affected. WiLLiAu J. Chalmers George A. Richardson are made on the skin, ears are distended, Albert B. Dick, Jr. Fred W. Sargent Although head hunting is quite common Simpson plugs are inserted in the lips, and in several Joseph N. Field James among primitive peoples in various parts Marshall Field Solomon A. Smith large tribes heavy wire ornaments are of the world, this method of squeezing the Stanley Field Albert A. Spbague wound around the arms and legs. Coiled Albert W. Harris Silas H. Strawn heads is unique to the Indians of South spirals of thick wire are worn by the Akikuyu John P. Wn^oN America. are women of in northeast Africa. The Specimens today exceedingly OFFICERS rare, due to bans on the same type of ornament, worn by Munshi governmental Stanley Field Pretident of west is practice. A. Spragub Fini Viee-Pretident women , Africa, represented Albert have entered the Jivaro James Simpson Second Vite-Pretideni by an example on exhibition in Hall E Many explorers to discover Albert W. Harris Third Vice-PraidaU (Case 28-A). territory seeking how these Clifford C. Gregg Direetor and Secretary heads are but in a few The wire be made of iron or of brass. prepared, only very Solomon A. Smith. . .Treasurer and Assistant Secretary may cases have they met with success. How- The former is made by Negro blacksmiths any ever, a few details of the process have been who melt scrap iron in charcoal fires. The FIELD MUSEUM NEWS learned. slits are cut in the brass wire is imported from Europe, and Long decapi- Clifford C. Gbbgg. Direeior the Museum Editor tated and all of the skull and facial of may be purchased at most traders' stores. head, bones are removed, but in such a CONTRIBUTING EDITORS The ornament is adjusted in the form of a carefully as not to disturb the features. The Paul S. Martin Chief Curator of Anthrovology well coiled spiral, and a woman who has way B. E. Dahlobbn Chief Curator of Botany head is then boiled in water containing some acquired the decoration wears it through life, Henry W. Nichols Chief Curator of Geology astringent herb. After this, hot stones, of Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology as removal would entirely sjwil the symmetry gradually decreasing size, are placed suc- H. B. Habtk Manafin^ Editor of the coil. Frequently such heavy orna- cessively inside the head, causing the fiesh ments cause distressing sores by friction, to contract to smaller and smaller but even the removal of slowly Museum Is of the so, pride prevents F^d open every day year (except sizes. Finally the last stone is removed and Christmas and New Year's Day) during the hours the decoration. In Hall D (Case 12) are the slits are sewn In Indicated below: samples of brass collars worn by women carefully together. most cases the lijjs are also sewn up, a November, December, January, February 9 a.m. to 4 pji. living near the mouth of the Congo River. tkareh, April, September, October 9 A.H. to 6 P.M. precaution arising from the native belief in The examples shown are small, but similar May, June, July, August 9 A.H. to 6 p.m. magic, and intended to prevent the victim collars weighing as much as twenty-eight Admission is free to Members on all Other from to his days. are worn. causing any harm slayer. adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and pounds Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. Children are admitted free on all days. Students and J. R. Millar Confirmed as Curator members of institutions faculty educational are admit- of Harris School Extension ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. The Museum's natural history Library is open for Effective February 1, Mr. John R. Millar reference daily except Saturday afternoon and Simday. will become Curator of the Department of Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of Shrunken the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Human Heads of Field Museum. Mr. Millar was placed Department of the Museum. Four human heads, slashed from the in temporary charge of this Department last Lectures for schools, and special entertainments bodies of victims by head hunters among and tours for children at the Museum, are November 8. At their January 17 meeting, provided the aborigines of and Ecuador, and by the James Nelson and Anna Liouise Raymond the Trustees, on recommendation of Direc- Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. shrunk to the size of oranges for preservation tor Clifford C. Gregg who reported upon the Announcements of free illustrated lectures for the as trophies, are on exhibition in Case No. 5 and success with which Mr. Millar has taken public, special lectures for Members of the Museum, in the Hall of South American Archaeology will appear m Field Museum News. over the work, appointed him Curator. and Ethnology (Hall 9). A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms Curator Millar has been a member of the are for those their lunches. A field for speculation is opened by the provided bringing Museum Staff since February 1, 1918, Motor Coach possibility that one of these heads is that Chicago Company No. 26 buses go beginning his service as a preparator in the direct to the Museum. of a white or partly white woman—at least, Department of Botany. Thus his pro- Members are requested to inform the Museum the features are marked by a European cast. promptly of changes of address. motion to his present position falls upon Who she was, and how she got into the the twentieth anniversary of his connection MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM with the Museum. Field Museum has several classes of Members. Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members ROBERT B. HARSHE give $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members Field Museum extends to its sister insti- pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining tution, the Art Institute of Chicago, sincerest Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they in the latter's great loss the become Associate Members. Annual Members con- sympathy by of its Dr. tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- death, on January 11, director, rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions Robert B. Harshe—a loss that will be felt under these classifications being made by special action cultural circles of the and of the Board of Trustees. throughout city the nation. Each Member, in all dasaes, is entitled to free admission to the Museum for himself, his family and Dr. Harshe's brilliant administration of house and to two reserved guests, seats for Museum the Art Institute, which had been under his lectures provided for Members. to Field Subscription direction since was a factor in Museum News is included with all memberships. The 1921, large courtesies of every museum of note in the United the steady and rapid rise of that institution States and Canada are extended to all Members of Reduced to Size of Oranges to its present important position in the world Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card of a gruesome art by South of art. influence manifested itself not to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of Examples practised His American Indians. head on left is of a which they will be admitted to the Museum without The that in the of the museum's col- but the one on be that of a only growth charge. Further information about will typical Indian, right may memberships woman. These and two other lections of and sculpture, but also be sent on request. European specimens paintings are exhibited in Hall 9. in the expansion of the great School of the BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS Art Institute which has been so prominent hands of the to meet this in the talents of native artists Bequests to Field Museum of Natural savages tragic developing History may fate no remain a be made in securities, money, books or collections. will, doubt, always mystery. of this country. Notable also was Dr. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to Another of the heads appears to be that of Harshe's assistance to the art of the drama, a or named the person cause, by giver. a man who also may have had European which he fostered through the Goodman made within the taxable not CoDtribuJions year blood in his veins; the two are established in the Art Institute. exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are remaining Theatre allowmUe as deductions in computing net income for typically Indian. Through his fine spirit of cooperation, vari- federal income tax purposes. Shrunken heads of this type are products ous relationships existing between the Art Endowments may be made to the Museum with the of a gruesome art known for hundreds of Institute and Field Museum were main- provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in years to several Indian tribes, prominent tained on the most cordial and satisfactory and amount, may reduce federal income taxes. among whom are the Jivaro, who dwell in plane. February, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Pages

ATTENDANCE IN 1937: 1,292,023; PREPARING EXHIBIT OF MOUNTAIN MEGATHERIUM SKELETON EXCEEDS 1936 BY 100,000 By Elmer s. Riogs had entered and further damaged the sped- Field Museum received visitors 1,292,023 Curator of Paleontology men. Nevertheless it was a practically 1937, an increase of over the during 100,586 A fossil skeleton of the mountain species complete skeleton with all parts more or 1936 attendance of 1,191,437. This was of ground-sloth, Megatherium lundi, is now less in place, and lacking only a few joints the first since first of large gain 1933, year being prepared for exhibition by Mr. Phil C. of the toes. As fossils go, this is a good A Century of Progress exposition. In 1934 Orr, Assistant in Paleontology, who has specimen, since it makes possible a mounted and 1935 there were the 1936 declines; reconstructed many other specimens of the skeleton all of one individual, and with but attendance was above that of only 9,088 sloth tribe. little replacement of missing parts. the preceding year. This skeleton was collected by the Before the accompanying photograph was Of the 1937 attendance, 1,197,806 were Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition taken the bones had gone through hardening, admitted free, either due to coming on the to Argentina and Bolivia in 1927. Twenty fitting, and mending processes, and had been free days (Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sun- specimens of the genus were collected, and reinforced with iron rods. "They are now days), or because as children, students, it is planned to mount skeletons of two being assembled on temporary supports. teachers, or Members of the Museum, they diflferent species for the exhibits in Ernest When the pose to be given the skeleton has were entitled to free admission any of day R. Graham Hall (Hall 38). been determined, permanent supports will the week. Thus the 25-cent admission fee be and the will be ' The specimen currently in preparation installed, specimen was paid only 94,217 persons, or by approxi- was buried in a bank of clay for perhaps transferred to the exhibition hall. 7 per cent of the total. This com- mately a million years. Moisture of the earth had This is the first skeleton of this species pares with about 6 per cent in 1936, and leeched out the glue, and the process of to be mounted anywhere, and the second less than 5 per cent in 1935. It is encourag- decay had weakened the original hard skeleton of Megatherium to be mounted in ing, therefore, to find not only an increase texture of the bone. Weight of earth lying a North American Museum. The first was in total attendance, but an increase also above had compressed and distorted many the great skeleton of Megatherium ameri- in the proportion of persons sufficiently of the bones. Later, the clays which had canum, also in Field Museum, mounted in interested in what the Museum has to offer to pay for the privilege of admission. Apart from those actually coming into the building, the influence of the Museum was carried to many others by extra-mural activities. Lecturers sent out to the schools by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures spoke, and showed stereopticon slides, in classrooms and assem- bly halls before 469 audiences aggregating 169,337 children. Traveling natural history exhibits circulated among more than 400 schools and other institutions by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension, were re- peatedly brought to the attention of more than 500,000 children, exhibits at each institution being changed every two weeks. An audience of incalculable proportions, but undoubtedly numbering millions, was reached by the series of thirteen dramatic radio programs, "From the Ends of the Earth," broadcast under the joint auspices of Field Museum and the University Broad- casting Council. Other radio programs in which the Museum participated, publica- tions issued by Field Museum Press, releases of news articles and photographs, and other methods of transmitting information, brought millions of others into indirect con- tact with the Museum's activities. Assembling Rare Specimen In addition to its work outside the known of a mountain of South American sloth the Only complete specimen type prehistoric ground (MeffcUherium Museum, Raymond Foundation pre- lundi) now being prepared for exhibition by Mr. Phil C. Orr in Field Museum's paleontological laboratories. sented 19 free motion picture programs for children in the James Theatre in Simpson covered it were washed away until the 1935. It is from the Pampean formation its spring, autumn and with special series, skeleton was exposed at the surface. Sof- of Argentina and is of a heavier, lowland an attendance of 27,775 children; and also tened rains, the clays had "crept" or species. Remains of ground sloths of this conducted 975 by groups aggregating 33,564 slid on a sloping surface after the manner genus have been found in Florida, Georgia, children on guide-lecture tours of the ex- of a glacier moving down its valley course. and South Carolina, but for the most part hibits. Similar lecture tours for adults In this process vertebrae were broken and they are known from South America. numbered 409 with a total of 8,115 individ- displaced, the flat bones of the pelvis were There they were apparently quite numerous uals. The afternoon lecture-tours Sunday cracked into many pieces, and plant roots during Pliocene and Pleistocene times. conducted by Mr. P. G. Dallwig, the Layman Lecturer, inaugurated in October, were given for 13 groups comprising 905 LINCOLN AND WASHINGTON the and the persons. Audiences totaling 16,494 persons "Washington, Boy Man," a will be on were drawn to the Simpson Theatre by the FILMS FOR CHILDREN multiple-reel feature, presented 22. 17 lectures, illustrated with motion pictures The James Nelson and Anna Louise Tuesday, February and slides, given in the annual spring and Raymond Foundation for Public School and autumn courses. Large numbers of persons, Children's Lectures will present programs Museum Technique Mystifies Many chiefly students, teachers, visiting scientists, of commemorative motion pictures for Many visitors to the Museum have been and others in were served engaged research, children this month, on the birthdays of observed stooping, bending, standing on the of the and the Lincoln by Library Museum, Abraham and George Washington. their toes, and assuming other unusual collections maintained in each of the study These will be given in the James Simpson positions in endeavors to discover how the scientific Departments. Theatre of the Museum, and children from Florida manatee, exhibited in a habitat all parts of Chicago and suburbs are invited. group in the Hall of Marine Mammals A large specimen of lodestone, weighing There will be two showings of the films on (Hall N), is suspended to produce its lifelike each one at 10 one at 11. 400 pounds, is exhibited in Clarence Buck- day, a.m., and floating appearance. They look for "in- ingham Hall (Hall 35). It possesses mag- The Lincoln program, on Saturday, Feb- visible wires" and other devices, but seldom netic power, which is illustrated by attached ruary 12, will include the films "My Father," guess the correct solution, which is actually metal objects. "My First Jury," and "Native State." very simple. Go and see for yourself. Pagei FIELD MUSEUM NEWS February, 19S8

PREHISTORIC MAN IS SUBJECT Mrs. John J. Mitchell, Mrs. Donald M. FEBRUARY GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS OF LECTURE TOURS Ryerson, Mrs. P. A. Valentine, and Mrs. SUNDAY Conducted tours of exhibits, under the John Paul Welling. On Sunday afternoons in February the guidance of staff lecturers, are made every Mr. John W. Moyer, Staff Taxidermist, subject of the lecture-tours conducted by afternoon at 3 p.m., except Saturdays, spoke on radio station WCFL January 1 on Mr. P. G. Dallwig, the Layman Lecturer, Sundays, and certain holidays. Following "The Art of Taxidermy" for the Chicago will be Our Ancestral Skele- is the schedule of subjects and dates for "Digging Up Educational Forum. He lectured also before tons." Mr. Dallwig will trace the physical February: a group of Chicago club women at FuUerton evolution of man, from the earliest fossil Week 31: — Eski- Hall in the Art Institute January 20 on beginning— January Monday The finds, and illustrate his cultural develop- mos; Tuesday Animal Life of South America; Wednes- "Behind the Scenes at Field Museum." —Plant —General ment through the Old and New Stone Ages, day Ecology; Thursday Tour; Friday The Staff of the will miss —Moon, Meteorites, and Minerals. with attention to the art of Museum greatly special pre- Week 7: —The Etrus- the familiar figure of Thomas ("Tommy") beginning February Monday historic times. He will lead his hearers cans and Romans; —Horned and Hoofed W. Warke, a faithful member of the main- —Tuesday through the Hall of the Stone Age of the Animals; Wednesday The Stor>' of Coal and Oil; tenance who died 16. He —General — Old World, dramatizing the stories of the force, January Thursday Tour; Friday Indians of the of the institution's oldest Southwest. dioramas and other exhibits in was one employes principal Week 14: — in point of years of service, having worked beginning February Monday Sy8t«matic that hall. Bird —American — here since 1894. Hall; Tuesday Trees; Wednesday is for the steadily Races of General It necessary to register Sunday Mankind; Thursday— Tour; Friday - —The Dinosaurs and Other .\nimals. tours and receive an identification ticket, Early — as the number that can be accommodated U. S. APPROVES CONTINUATION Week beginning February 21: Monday Egj'ptian Exhibits; Tuesday—Cristals and Gems; Wednesday is limited. Reservations may be made in OF WPA WORK AT MUSEUM —Primitive —General —Hunting Peoples; Thursday advance by mail or telephone (Wabash Word has been received from Tour; Friday Marine Life. Washington 28—Hall of Life. if do not Monday, February Plant 9410). Only advance reservations that the Works Progress Administration exceed the number to which the is Persons to should party project requested by Field Museum for 1938 wishing participate be limited will additional registrations per- has been approved by federal government apply at North Entrance. Tours are free mitted for other visitors at the and no are to be new Sunday authorities. This project will employ about gratuities proffered. A Attendance is restricted to schedule will each month in Field Museum. 200 persons, and is practically a continuation appear adults. of that which was in force at the Museum Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services The lectures are given each Sunday, and during 1937. for special tours by parties of ten or more 2 end at are available free of begin promptly at p.m. They Last year the number of men and women charge by arrangement an inter- with the Director a week in advance. 4:15, and are broken midway by employed by WPA at this institution ranged mission for which mem- relaxation, during from 167 to 199; their aggregate working bers of the obtain refreshments party may time amounted to 240,000 hours, and the Gifts to the smoke in the Cafeteria where Museum and special total amount of wages paid to them was are reserved for the Following is a list of some of the principal tables group. $174,200. Those are to gifts received during the last month: participating requested The project is highly regarded by govern- before From S. M. Le Barron—5 of Mexican hard- arrive at the Museum a few minutes officials as in the planks ment outstanding produc- woods; from Jardim Botanico de Bello Horizonte— 2 o'clock so that registrations be may tion of results that are of real use and value. 340 herbarium specimens, Brazil; from McCrillis and without Butler— completed, wraps checked, It has been efficiently conducted, and has 315 herbarium specimens; from Museo Nacio- to nal—40 herbarium Costa Rica; from Miss delay or inconvenience themselves and it for the to specimens, made possible Museum advance Una Fenwick—50 herbarium and others. specimens, England in many directions. Austria; from Dr. Forrest Shreve— 133 herbarium Although the efforts of the WPA workers specimens, Mexico and United States; from James TRUSTEES RE-ELECT OFFICERS Zetek—45 herbarium specimens, Panama; from Dr. have been utilized chiefly in routine tasks John R. Johnston— 140 herbarium Guate- At the Annual of the Board of specimens, Meeting such as cataloguing, typing, filing, cleaning mala; from John W. Jennings —2 specimens whetstones, held all Officers of — Trustees, January 17, specimens, and mounting photographs, there Arkansas; from James Anthony Garretson 2 speci- the Museum who served in 1937 were re- mens cephalopods, Colorado; from Frank Von Drasek has also been a surprising number of workers —a rutile from Michael Lemer— elected for 1938. Mr. Field now crystal, Arkansas; Stanley who have proved capable of scientific re- a record-sized specimen of blue marlin, Bahama his thirtieth as — begins year President, having search undertakings, artistic work, and other Islands; from Bass Biological Laboratory 3 speci- mens of worm from Robert H. Becker—• held that office continuously since 1909. activities for eels, Florida; calling knowledge, training, a lake trout, Canada; from Gordon Grant^-3S9 insects, The other re-elected officers are: Colonel — skill, and talent. Some were thus qualified California; from Karl K. Kaempfer— 72 insects, Albert A. Sprague, First Vice-President; past experience, while others, possessing Colorado; from Andrew R. Park 10 parasitic wasps. by United from Park— 19 Mr. James Simpson, Second Vice-President; native were trained at the Museum. States; Chicago Zoological ability, birds and 6 mammal specimens; from A. E. Borell— Mr. Albert W. Harris, Third Vice-President; This group has contributed to the Museum's a big-eared free-tailed bat and 12 specimens of snakes, Mr. Clififord C. Gregg, Director and Secre- scientific publications, to the preparation of lizards, turtles, and toads, Texas; from Clarence —2 wood from E. B. Curtis— tary; and Mr. Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer new the of and Shockley frogs, Indiana; exhibits, making mai» a Florida worm lizard; from Dr. H. M. Smith—2 bats and Assistant Secretary. charts, and the binding of books in the Mexico; from Stanley Field—2 valuable books for the Library. Heavy production of publications Library. Staff Notes and other printed matter was made possible workers to the Division of NEW MEMBERS Mr. Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator by assigned of Birds, returned from an expedition of Printing. The following persons were elected to Field Museum's with state the more than a year's duration in British cooperation membership in Field Museum during federal for the relief of Guiana and Brazil, just as this issue of and agencies unem- period from November 16 to December 15: in 1933. In the earlier Field Museum News went to press. A ployment began Contributors the workers were various detailed account of his work will appear in years assigned by Alfred A. Look. William N. Rumeiy* a succeeding issue. commissions, but since the latter part of 1935 all have been consolidated Life Memb^-s Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant assignments in the Mrs. C. Morse Ely Curator of the Herbarium, attended the WPA. meetings of the American Association for That there may be no misunderstanding Associate Members of the it is considered advisable the Advancement of Science recently held situation, George A. Basta, Edward W. Emery, Mrs. William to here that no B. Mrs. C. R. Morrison, Mrs. Wallace Patter- at Indianapolis, Indiana. emphasize regular employes Goltra, C. Galen Edwin A. Jr., Dr. on the Museum's own payroll have been son, Sedgwick, Seipp, Dr. Henry Field, Curator of Physical Leonard F. Skleba. the of WPA Anthropology, lectured on the work of his displaced by employment workers. The relief workers are Non-Resident Associate Members several exf)editions in the Near East and assigned to tasks which the Museum could not Cart Colby contiguous regions before an audience at the solely undertake if it were its own Colorado Fine Arts Center on January 19. dependent upon Sustaining Members personnel alone. Mr. C. Martin Wilbur, Curator of Chinese Miss Ruth E. Chinlund —Clifford C. Director Archaeology and Ethnology, gave a lecture Gregg, Annual Members on Chinese jades in Field Museum before Mrs. W. McCormick Blair, Barre Blumenthal, an invited gathering at the Casino in The life history of the tomato worm moth James W. Breen, Charies S. Ellis, Joseph V. Grade, Arthur S. Robert M. on 20. Colored is illustrated an exhibit in Albert W. Dr. A. C. Ivy, Mrs. Jackson, Chicago January stereop- by Mrs. M. H. H. R. Kendall, George C. Harris Hall Jeffries, Karker, ticon slides prepared by Mr. Clarence B. (Hall 18). Koltz, Sr., A. E. Kramer, Sam Laud, T. M. Leahy. Mitchell were shown. The program was David Arthur Lee, Mrs. George S. Lurie, William D. MacMillan, Lewis F. Mason, John W. McCurdy, Mrs. Armour, Mrs. Wood and foliage of the three principal sponsored by Ogden William Miller, John Morrow, Jr., Edward F. Mulhem, Stanley Field, Miss Malvina Hoffman, Mrs. species of mahogany are exhibited in Stanley Cart Nyquist, S. J. O'Bryan, J. P. Raeth. John Payne Kellogg, Mrs. Charles G. King, Field Hall. PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM PHESS iifflNews Pvilished Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 MARCH, 1938 No. 3

ANTARCTIC SEALS, COLLECTED BY ADMIRAL BYRD'S EXPEDITION, IN NEW GROUP By Wilfred H. Osgood the fur seals and sea lions which have greater protected bays more than other species, Chief Curator, Department of Zoology freedom of movement of the hind limbs. It such as the crab-eating seal, and the leopard A group of Weddell's seals, just completed progresses on land or ice with some difficulty, seal, which are commonly seen in the moving at Field Museum, is the second representa- moving forward by heaving and undulating pack ice. Thus it gets some protection from tion of Antarctic life produced in Chicago its bulky body much after the manner of its chief enemy, the killer whale. This as a result of the Second Byrd Antarctic some worms and caterpillars. Nevertheless, voracious animal is not satisfied to confine Expedition of 1934-35. The first was the it goes inland for long distances, especially itself to its natural element, but when group of emperor penguins, described in during the Antarctic summer when its conditions are favorable, it will project these pages in August, 1936. young are bom. At this time the heavy itself nearly out of water to snatch an unwary Anyone who has seen the motion pictures females work their way as much as eight or seal lying too near the edge of the ice. taken by Admiral Byrd's party must have ten miles from open water, taking advantage The young, when born, have their eyes realized that penguins and seals are the of pressure cracks and temporary water- open. They are nearly five feet in length, most conspicuous ani- and their weight at mals to be found in this time is about the Antarctic, and in 65 pounds. Although fact almost the only nourished only by the animals. In regions mother's milk, they around the North gain weight at the rate Pole, if not actually of seven pounds daily. at the Pole, there Their first coat is soft are polar bears, foxes, and woolly, and dull- ermine, hares, musk- colored, but this is oxen, and wild rein- soon changed for a deer, as well as various fresh, spotted coat of land birds. About the considerable beauty. South Pole, on the There is much varia- other hand, there are tion in color—some no land mammals animals have grayish, whatever, and no and others brownish birds unable to swim coats, but all are in the icy seas. This heavily spotted and is the case notwith- blotched with irregu- standing the fact that lar markings. Wed- the Arctic ice-cap has dell's seal does not only water directly be- migrate, but remains neath it, while that of near the coastline of the Antarctic sur- the Antarctic conti- mounts an extensive nent through the solid continent. Obvi- winter, although oc- ously the present dis- casionally a few indi- tribution and the his- viduals may be carried tory of- the animals on floating ice north- have been influenced ward as far as New by the history of the Zealand and southern The Antarctic Brought to Chicago continents and seas South America. of Weddell's seals added to exhibits in Hall of Marine Mammals. It is of collected them. Group composed specimens surrounding by the second expedition to the Antarctic under the leadership of Rear-Admiral Richard E. Byrd. Animals The Museum's Although the only mounted by Staff Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht; background prepared by Mr. Arthur G. Rueckert. group was prepared mammals of the Ant- by Staff Taxidermist arctic are seals and whales, there are various ways which they keep open by sawing out C. J. Albrecht, with the co-operation of Mr. species of these, and among the seals the one newly formed ice with their teeth. Finally Arthur G. Rueckert who painted the back- called Weddell's has proved of greatest they take stations, a few hundred yards ground. Their combined efforts in solving interest. Extensive additions to knowledge apart over a wide area, as indicated in the the unusually difficult problems encountered of the life history and habits of this animal Museum's group. Each female has one in merging foreground with background have have been made by the naturalists of the young which stays by her side some three been conspicuously successful, and the result Byrd expeditions, especially by Messrs. weeks. Then the loosely organized rookery bids fair to find high rank among groups of Paul Siple and Alton A. Lindsey. breaks up, the young begin to shift for them- this kind. It takes an important place in the ' Weddell's seal is a large species, reaching selves, and the adults return to the sea. Hall of Marine Life (Hall N), where it shares a length of about nine feet, and a weight of Actual weaning of the young, however, may space with the walrus of the Arctic region, somewhat more than nine hundred pounds. not take place for six or seven weeks. the sea elephant and manatee of warmer It belongs to the group (Phocidae) known as In general, the Weddell's seal seems to waters, the sea lions of the California coast, true seals or hair seals in distinction from frequent the land ice and the waters of and Pacific harbor seals.

Brazilian Plants Added to Herbarium the other from the Conservatoire Botanique, Hopewell Mound Exhibit Enlarged Recently the Museum acquired more than Geneva, through its Director, Dr. B. P. G. A collection of approximately 8,000 flint Hochreutiner. These last con- 5,000 specimens of Brazilian plants for the two sendings discs from the famous Hopewell Mounds of sist of or historical Herbarium. Two collections, numbering largely type otherwise Ohio was added to the North American will be invaluable more than 2,000 specimens, were purchased. material, and for syste- archaeological exhibits in Hall B last matic studies of the South American flora. Two lots, of greater importance, were month. 'These round out the extensive and received, one from the Natural History varied display of other material from these Museum of Vienna, through the Director of Examples of beautiful textiles from India mounds. A feature of the exhibits is a min- the Botanical Section, Dr. Karl Keissler, and are displayed in Stanley Field Hall. iature model of the winding Serpent Mound. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS March, 1938

Field Museum of Natural History CHARLES ABEL CORWIN Nature herself, so truly has his brush depicted her phenomena. Withal, there is Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 1857-1938 — and Field something more something that was ex- RooscTelt Road Drive, Chicago Field Museum has suffered a loss great by pressed by a critic who said: "He paints not the death, on January 27, of its veteran — THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES only realism, but romance his sensitivity Staff Artist, Charles Abel Corwin. Sewell L. Avbry Sauubl Insull, Jr. is unsurpassed." Leopold E. Block Charles A. McCulloch Mr. Corwin was 81 years old, and had John Borden Wiluah H. Mitchell been ill for some time past. He had been William J. Chalmers George A. Richardson SOME DISCOVERIES IN THE FLORA associated with the Museum for Albert B Dick, Jr. Fred W. Sargent thirty-five OF CHICAGO DRINKING WATER Joseph N. Field James Simpson years. Prior to joining the staff he had a Marshall Field Solomon A. Smith long and noteworthy career both as an About a year ago the Department of Stanley Field Albert A. Spragub and on commissions for of Field Museum use Albert W. Harris Silas H. Strawn independent artist, Botany collected, by John P. Wilson other institutions. of a filter, a small amount of sediment from OFFICERS Charles Abel Corwin created a whole ordinary Chicago tap water. This was done Stanley Field Prendeni world within the walls of the Museum. at the request of Dr. B. V. Skvortzow of AlieERT A. Spkague Fini Vice-Pretident He prepared nearly all the painted back- Harbin, Manchukuo, who is engaged in James Simpson Second Vice-Prendent used as for habitat studying the fresh-water diatoms of the Albert W. Harris Third Vice-Preeideni grounds settings groups world. The was forwarded to him Clifford C. Gregg Director ond Secretary of modern mammals and birds, and for sample for sent Solomon A. Smith. . . Treaaurer and Assietant Secretary restorations of prehistoric peoples and study, and he recently to the animals. The ex- Museum a report on some of the first results FIELD MUSEUM NEWS hibits he thus em- of his examination. bellished line the From the specimen received by him, Clifford C. Gregg, Director of the Museum. . . .Editor ^^^^ walls of several which was collected in winter, he selected CONTRIBUTING EDITORS ^^^^^ ^^^" i entire halls. His for description seventeen kinds of diatoms, Paul S. Martin Chief Curator of Anthropology ^^^k ' t 1 work includes scenes some of which were previously unknown to B. E. Dahlgren Chief Curator of Botany ^BB^ f'"0"^ con- science. Diatoms are minute Henry W. Nichols Chief Curator of Geology VJf* ^^^W every aquatic plants, Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology •^^ -^•^B tinent—landscapes visible only under a microscope of fairly H. B. Harte Managing Editor and seascapes of the high power. They possess a siliceous ex- earth as it is today, ternal skeleton or covering which is the Field Museum is open every day of the year (except and as it was many part ordinarily studied. This is variable in and Year's the hours Christmas New Day) during thousands and even form, but of a general pill box construction, indicated below: millions of years and frequently marked with elegant sculp- November, December, January, 9 A.M. to 4 p.m. February In addition to turing or intricate patterns of dots and lines. March, April, September, October 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. ago. May, June, July, August 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. more than eighty Consequently diatoms are favorite test for objects for the microscope. Admission is free to Members on all days. Other backgrounds adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and groups, he painted a Diatoms constitute a part of the micro- non-members Sundays; pay 25 cenu on other days. series of large mural scopic flora which contributes to the "fishy" Children are admitted free on all Students and days. of exotic taste faculty members of educational institutions are admit- Charles A. Corwin paintings that sometimes characterizes the ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. plants and trees for water. To obtain a complete list of the The Museum's natural history Library is open for the Museum's Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29). kinds of diatoms occurring in the lake, reference daily except Saturday afternoon and Sunday. In his work he a sediment, and scrapings from submerged exhibits are developed technique Traveling circulated in the schools of objects, would have to be collected at fre- Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension which produced remarkably realistic re- •• intervals the Such Department of the Museum. sults. A special problem in perspectives quent throughout year. an would show the number of Lectures for schools, and special entertainments arose from the fact that most of the exhibi- investigation and tours for children at the are diatoms in Lake to be Museum, provided tion cases for habitat have elliptically occurring Michigan by the James Nelson and Anna Louise groups Raymond artist many times greater than those in the winter Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. curved backgrounds. Upon these the sample examined by Dr. Skvortzow. Announcements of free illustrated lectures for the must so create his scenes that illusions of and Accumulations of diatom skeletons which public, special lectures for Members of the Museum, reality, depth, and great stretches of dis- will appear m Field Museum News. tance shall be felt regardless of the angle are found in various places formerly covered A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms from which the completed exhibit may be by the sea form kieselguhr, an unusually are provided for those bringing their lunches. and whether from a close to white and fine powder used as an absorbent Motor Coach viewed, point Chicago Company No. 26 buses go in the of re- direct to the Museum. it or several feet away. making dynamite. Diatom mains are also a of Members are requested to inform the Museum A striking feature of Mr. Corwin's work large component part promptly of changes of address. diatomaceous or "fuller's" a sub- is the skill with which he merged his painted earth, stance sometimes used for water backgrounds into the built-up foregrounds filtering, MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM and one is an composed of actual or reproduced rocks, which, strangely enough, Field Museum has several classes of Members. effective for filtering the diatoms trees, and other accessories representing agent Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- themselves out of water. tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members environmental features. give $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members On exhibition in the Hall of Plant Life Mr. Corwin was born on January 6, 1857, pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. (Hall 29) are glass models of some species All the above classes are exempt from dues. at Newburgh-on-Hudson, New York. He Members Sustaining of diatoms and other minute water plants, contribute $25 annually. After six years they began his art studies in New York in 1875, become Associate Members. Annual Members con- shown as they appear under a microscope. and continued with several years at the tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- rate, Honorary, Patron, and Correspondmg, additions Royal Academy of Munich, and under the under these classifications being made by special action tutelage of Italian masters. Returning to LAUREL of the Board of Trustees. this country, he became an instructor at the The laurel of the ancients, among whom Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free School of the Art Institute of in it dedicated to is a small tree of admission to the Museum for himself, his family and Chicago was Apollo, house guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum 1883. At the same time he continued his western Asia and the Mediterranean region. lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field own painting and was a contributor to many It is often cultivated as an ornamental Museum News is included with all The memberships. exhibits. won various honors and courtesies of every museum of note in the United He plant, especially in southern Europe, for the States and Canada are extended to all Members of prizes in Chicago and elsewhere. While the sake of its foliage which, with the Field evergreen Museum. A Member may give his personal card of his work in the realm of natural to non-residents larger part berries, is employed as a traditional symbol of Chicago, upon presentation of which is to be found at Field he of and — "bac- they will be admitted to the ^fuseum without history Museum, achievement glory hence, charge. Further information about memberships will is also represented by backgrounds for calaureate," from baccae and laureatus be sent on request. habitat in the AJnerican of groups Museum (crowned with laurel berries) . In the modem Natural New the Los BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS History, York, Angeles Greek church laurel branches take the place Museum, and the California Academy of of palm leaves on Palm Sunday. As a sacred Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History be may Sciences in San Francisco. tree it the of made in securities, money, books or collections long enjoyed reputation being They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to Mr. Corwin's accomplishments at Field immune from harm by lightning. It is said a person or cause, named the by giver. Museum have been, and remain, a source that the emperor Tiberius would call for his Contributions made within the taxable not year of and favorable laurel wreath whenever a thunderstorm exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are constant wonderment allowable as deductions in computing net income for comment on the part of visitors. Countless threatened. leaeral income tax purposes. and unceasing are the remarks of astonish- Laurel leaves contain an essential oil, Endowments may be made to the Museum with the that an ment called forth by the realistic living and are commonly used as a spice. A provision annuity be paid to the patron for life These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in qualities of the scenes he has created. It is branch is included in the exhibit of spices and amount, may reduce federal income taxes. as though his hand had been guided by and condiments in Hall 25. March, 19S8 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Pages

ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPEDITION Janeiro, Brazil. Of particular interest in phoses rocks undergo, but five common COMPLETES ITS WORK Brazil was the rhea, or South American types are shown in the new exhibit. Nu- of which were needed for merous other of varieties By Emmet R. Blakb ostrich, specimens metamorphic rocks, a habitat the bird life of on the nature of the rock Assistant Curator of Birds group representing dependent parent the vast South American campo or pampas. and the kind and strength of metamorphism, In the writer embarked January, 1937, Rheas are fairly generally distributed appear in collections elsewhere in the same an extended to South upon expedition south of the Amazonian forests, but are hall. The most prominent feature of most America to collect material with which to nowhere more numerous than on the plains metamorphic rocks is a laminated structure the Museum's of complete representation of Matto Grosso. In due time, therefore, best shown in slates and schists, but absent American bird life. The first field tropical the expedition reached the Fazenda Capao in marbles. The change most fully illus- of was British in northern operation Guiana, Bonito, an enormous cattle ranch on the trated in the exhibit is that from clay to South where lives one of the most America, headwaters of the Vaccaria River, more shale to slate to mica schist, a rock as unlike remarkable birds in the world —the today than a thousand miles west of Rio de Ja- clay as can well be imagined. Other changes which was a hoactzin, principal objective neiro, and began the search for nesting rheas. shown include common limestone to marble, of the expedition. These, the largest of American birds, roam quartz to quartzite, and granite to gneiss. This is famous for certain unique species the campo in small flocks consisting of one definite anatomical features which indicate male and several females. During September the of all birds. The of Plants reptilian ancestry and October the females may deposit from Descriptions of hoactzins are with wings young equipped twenty-five to fifty one-and-a-half-pound During the past few months there have lizard-like which are functional, fingers eggs in a single nest. There are few land- been added to the Herbarium many to similar in certain homologous organs marks on the plains, so discovering a rhea thousands of typewritten descriptions of new reptiles. These parts are altered in later life, nest becomes a major problem. About two species of plants. Many of these are taken but the to clamber permit flightless juveniles months were spent in the saddle roaming the from books not represented in the Museum about and in In if one freely safety. fact, endless plains, often in company with Library, and some have been received in the picturesque Guarani Indians, before exchange from the United States National all of the material desired was finally Museum. Such typewritten copies when obtained. inserted in the Herbarium save a great deal As in British Guiana, large general zoo- of time in making determinations of current logical collections were made in Matto collections, and also obviate the borrowing Grosso, and later in Parand, a heavily of books from other libraries. The copying forested, mountainous state of southern has been done by employes furnished by Brazil. Specimens from the latter region the Works Progress Administration. are of particular value because many represent species new to the Museum's study collections. December rains marked the end of field work in Brazil. The expedi- THINGS YOU MAY HAVE MISSED tion returned to Chicago January 24 after a year in the field and a journey of 16,000 miles by rail, steamer, canoe, ox-cart, "The Savage Strikes Back!" horseback and afoot. The typical American or European traveler in far-off or little-known lands is METAMORPHISM OF ROCKS inclined to regard the so-called primitive he encounters as almost SHOWN IN EXHIBIT peoples something apart from his conception of the human Henry W. Nichols By race, and usually designates them loosely Chief Curator, Department of Geology by the term "natives" (not recalling that he Work In Camp The transformation, by a process of himself is, after all, a native of some coun- Assistant Curator Emmet R. Blake, leader of South metamorphism, of the earth's surface rocks try). He regards the physical appearance, American expedition, prepares to skin a macaw col- to rocks of an entirely different character, clothing, customs, lected earlier in the day. Headnets such as cover is illustrated a new exhibit in Clarence and habits of these his face are frequently worn in jungle camps for pro- by "natives" as tection against insect pests. Buckingham Hall (Hall 35). The specimens quaint, shown were collected by expeditions to if not acutally queer disturbs a hoactzin nest, the precocious Dutchess County, New York, and to moun- or "savage." It chicks unhesitatingly dive into the water tainous regions of Colorado, conducted seldom occurs to beneath and climb back unassisted when during the past two years by Curator Sharat him that in their danger has passed. K. Roy. eyes he could possi- Hoactzins live in isolated colonies found Stratified and other surface rocks often bly seem equally in thorn and only impenetrable mangrove and are slowly buried by the action of various strange ridicu- thickets inundated river but a along tropical geological agencies. Sinking in the course of lous, small banks. After considerable search, a satis- thousands of years to depths several miles wooden statue in discovered on Field factory nesting colony was below the surface, they are subjected to Museum's Canje Creek, about eighty miles east of conditions of heat and pressure unlike those ethnological collec- tion from Georgetown, capital of British Guiana. in which they were formed. They are Madagas- Native assistants were employed and several changed by these forces into new forms car might chasten his weeks were spent making detailed studies, which have more stability under the altered pride. and obtaining the birds, nests, plant acces- conditions. Original structures disappear On exhibition in sories and other material required for making and are replaced by new ones, and minerals Case 17 of Hall E, in the laboratories. this reproductions Museum recrystallize in new forms. "Load meta- figure, made by "European Beauty" After the acquisition of hoactzin habitat morphism," due to the severe heat from the a member of the artist's satirical material, several additional months were earth's interior and the from Malagasy Bara tribe, reveals great pressure sculpture of a white woman, the artist's devoted to general collecting in the interior. the huge weight of the overlying rock, wife of a colonial official impres- Camps were established in turn on the frequently is intensified by "dynamic meta- disliked by the native tribes. sions of a white banks of the Essequibo River, in the pri- morphism," caused by powerful thrusts woman. Haughty meval forests of the Oko Mountains near accompanying rock folding and dislocation. in bearing, she is shown wearing a tropical the Cuyuni River, and in the vast coastal The rocks resulting from these changes, sun helmet, a short but very prim white marsh-lands. Important collections of birds, called metamorphic rocks, are so different in dress, and red high-heeled shoes. Raised mammals, reptiles, and fishes, numbering structure and mineral composition that they over her head is a purple-topped parasol. more than 2,000 specimens, were thus bear no resemblance to their parent forms. Her facial features have been painted, and gathered. Rocks may be metamorphosed also, without hair has been attached to the head and eye- With the advent of the annual rainy being deeply buried, by "contact meta- brows to add realism. season in June, continued field work in morphism" or the heat and emanations of The figure is a deliberate and amusing British Guiana became impracticable. All neighboring masses of igneous rock, as well caricature of the wife of a European official specimens were shipped to Chicago, and the as by some other causes. who was disliked by the natives. Their feel- expedition, supplemented by new supplies It is impossible to illustrate within the ings are strikingly reflected by the satirical stored in Trinidad, proceeded to Rio de confines of a museum case all the metamor- qualities of the portraiture. Page ^ FIELD MUSEUM NEWS March, 1938

SPRING LECTURE COURSE The lectures are given each Sunday, and MARCH GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS begin promptly at 2 P.M. end at OPENS MARCH 5 They Conducted tours of exhibits, under the 4:15, and are broken midway by an inter- Field Museum's course of guidance of staff lecturers, are made every sixty-ninth mission for relaxation, during which mem- on science and illustrated afternoon at 3 P.M., except Saturdays, lectures travel, bers of the party may obtain refreshments with motion and Sundays, and certain holidays. Following pictures stereopticon slides, and smoke in the Cafeteria where special will be on afternoons is the schedule of subjects and dates for presented Saturday tables are reserved for the group. March and There will be nine March: during April. Those participating are requested to in all. are in the James Week beginning February 28: —Plant Life; lectures They given arrive at the Museum a few minutes before — Monday— Theatre of the museum, and begin Tuesday Minerals; Wednesday Egyptian Art; Simpson 2 o'clock so that registrations may be Thursday—General Tour; Friday—Prehistoric Hall. promptly at 3 p.m. Well-known explorers, completed, and wraps checked, without Week beginning March 7: Monday—African Animal scientists and naturalists have been engaged inconvenience to themselves and others. Life; Tuesday—Fibers and Their Uses; Wednesday— for the series. Races of Mankind; Thursday—General Tour; Friday —Plant Life. Following is the complete schedule of RAYMOND FOUNDATION PRESENTS Week beginning March 14: Monday—Birds and dates, subjects, and speakers: — PROGRAMS FOR CHILDREN Their— Habitats; Tuesday— China and Tibet; —Wednes- 5—The Last Stand of the Great Ice day Trees; Thursday General Tour; Friday Desert March Indians. Nine free programs of motion pictures for Age Week March 21: —Marine children will be presented in the James beginning Monday Life; Mr. Bradford Washburn, Harvard University Tuesday—Story of Writing; Wednesday—Primitive Simpson Theatre of Field Museum on of — General 12— Over Utah Peoples Africa; Thursday Tour; Friday March Wings Saturday mornings during March and —Systematic Collection of Animals. Mr. Alfred M. Bailey, Colorado Museum of April. These are provided by the James Week beginning March 28: Monday—Life in the Natural History — Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Founda- Far North;— Tuesday Plants of Unusual —Interest: March 19—Adventures with Insects Wednesday Crystals and Gems; Thursday General tion for Public School and Children's Lec- Tour. Mr. Brayton Eddy, Providence, Rliode Island tures. Thirty-four films, many of them Persons to should March 26—Primeval Stone Monuments: with talking and other sound effects, will wishing participate at North Entrance. Tours are free The Mystery of the Megaliths be included. There will be two showings apply and no are to be A Dr. Freiherr Robert von Heine-Geldern, Vienna, of the pictures on each program, one begin- gratuities proffered. Austria new schedule will each month in ning at 10 A.M., and one at 11. Children appear Field Museum News. Guide-lecturers' April 2—The Search for the Congo from all parts of Chicago and suburbs are services for tours of ten or Peacock invited, and no tickets are required for special by parties more are available free of Dr. James P. Chapin, American Museum of admission. The Museum is prepared to charge by arrange- Natural ment with the Director a week in advance. History receive large groups from schools and other April 9—Home Life of the Gibbon: A centers, as well as individual children coming Manlike Ape alone or accompanied by parents or adults. Gifts to the Museum Professor C. R. Carpenter, Columbia University Teachers are to their classes. urged bring Following is a list of some of the principal A schedule the titles of the films April 16—The Picture Book of a Can- showing gifts received during the last month: to be on each date follows: adian Naturalist presented del — From Universidad Cuzco 125 herbarium— speci- Mr. Dan McCowan, Banff, Canada March 5—The Circus City; Dances of the mens, Peru; from Professor L. A. Kenoyer 210 her- barium specimens, Mexico; from Howard Scott Gentry 23—An to Prehistoric Nations; The Sea Horse. — April Expedition 166 herbarium— specimens, Mexico; from Professor Pueblos 12—Trailmates:— Fun J. Soukup 20 herbarium specimens, Peru; from Jardim March Wrongstart; Botanico de Bello Horizonte — 139 herbarium Dr. Paul S. Martin, Field Museum of Natural speci- with a Bear Cub; The Porcupine Family; mens, Brazil; from School of Forestry, Yale History — University Shivers! 28 herbarium— specimens, Ecuador; from Adrian April 30—From London to the South Ruiz Leal 32 herbarium specimens, Argentina; from March 19—Travels of a Postage Stamp; Morris G. Morrison —4 specimens of building stones Seas {in natural colors). Souvenirs of Singapore; The Battak of and one of basalt, Palestine; from John W. Jennings Mr. William B. Holmes, Evanston, Illinois —2 of limestone and of Paws and Claws. specimens lithographic 2 Sumatra; feldspathic shale, Arkansas; from E. C. Galbreath^^ No tickets are necessary for admission from J. F. W. — March 26—In the Land of the Harmonica; lizards, California; Dr. Pearson 5 to these lectures. A section of the Theatre snakes, Bahamas; from Lincoln Park Zoo—3 snakes Water Folks; The Black Giant and a from Louis Inc. —a is reserved for Members of the Museum, (volcano); leopard tortoise; Ruhe, The Demon. Barbary ape; from Chicago Zoological Park —a monkey, each of is entitled to two reserved Navajo whom a gibbon, and 2 cobras; from Robert L. Flemming— seats on request. Requests for these seats April 2—The Settlement of Jamestown:— 5 bat skins with skulls, India; from H. B. Con()ver— may be made by telephone or in writing to Life Within the Stockade; The Village of valuable books for the Library. the Museum, in advance of the lecture, and Powhatan; The Capture of Pocahontas; seats will be held in the Member's name The Spanish Spy; The Marriage of NEW MEMBERS until 3 o'clock on the day of the lecture. Pocahontas and John Rolfe. The were elected to Members may obtain seats in the reserved — following persons April 9 The Farmer's Friend; Peculiar in Field Museum during the section also by presentation of their member- membership Pets; Cairo to the Pyramids; "The Veldt. from January 17 to 15: ship cards to the Theatre attendant before period February — in the 3 o'clock on the lecture day, even though no April 16 Gold Mining Klondike; Associate Members of the Salton of advance reservation has been made. All Animals Sea; The World Joseph F. Darlington, Mervyn C. Phillips, Ivan reserved seats not claimed by 3 o'clock will Paper; The Art of the Caveman. Racheff, Miss Mary Walsh, George A. Works. be made available to the general public. April 23—From Red Earth to Steel Girder; Annual Members A Visit to Czechoslovakia. E. M. Berger, William F. Boeger, Mrs. Eugene Clark, Mrs. Ira J. Clements, Charles S. Craigmile, "PARADE OF THE RACES" April 30—Magic Myxies; Hindu Holiday; David B. Eisenberg, E. J. Flood, Frederick Herendeen, Mrs. Alfred H. J. W. Ross SUNDAY TOUR SUBJECT The Bittern; 200 Fathoms Deep. Jensen, Jensen, Marvin, K. F. McClellan, A. E. MeyerholT, Dr. William A. The subject of the Sunday afternoon Michel, P. R. Mork, Rudolph J. Olson, Seymour A. D. Pashkow, R. E. Pearsall, Neville lecture tours conducted Mr. P. G. Hours March 1 Oppenheimer, by Visiting Change Pilling, Comer Plummer, Miss Doris Rubens, Ross D. Dallwig, the Lecturer, during Rynder, Merrill C. Stowe, Miss Elizabeth S. Weirick, Layman Beginning March 1, spring visiting March will be "Parade of the Races." In Miss Frances E. Whedon. hours, 9 A.M. to 5 P.M., will replace the with this lecture the will connection party winter schedule of 9 to 4. 'The new tour Memorial Hall in Chauncey Keep hours will continue in effect until April Staff Notes which all the principal races of mankind 30, after which the Museum will be Curator C. Martin Wilbur recently are represented in life-size figures, busts, open from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. until Septem- visited the Museum of the of and heads the noted Miss University by sculptor, ber 5 to make a of a notable Malvina Hoffman. (Labor Day). Michigan, study collection of Chinese ceramics, excavated It is necessary to register for the Sunday Visitors in the Philippines. tours and receive an identification ticket, Distinguished A lecture on Radiation in as the number that can be accommodated Among recent distinguished visitors re- "Adaptive Snakes" was given by Curator Karl P. is limited. Reservations may be made in ceived at Field Museum of Natural History Schmidt on 16 before the Zoo- advance by mail or telephone (Wabash were Professor Langdon Warner, of the February Club of the . 9410). Only if advance reservations do not Fogg Museum at Harvard University; Dr. logical exceed the number to which the party is John L. Myres, Professor of Ancient History Curator Henry Field spent several weeks limited will additional registrations be per- at New College, Oxford, England, and Dr. at Harvard University last month, complet- mitted for other Sunday visitors at the Robert T. Hatt of the Cranbrook Institute ing a research project on the physical anthro- of Iran. Museum. Parties are restricted to adults. of Sciences, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. pology of the modern peoples PRINTED BV FIELD MUSEUM PRESS Field! IlirNews Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 APRIL, 1938 No. 4

ABOVE THE TIMBERLINE, WHERE SPRING, SUMMER AND AUTUMN FLOWERS MEET By Julian A. Steyermark The conditions which produce this stunted brief period of existence. Usually these Assistant Curator of the Herbarium plant life include low temperatures, a short have large and brightly colored flowers con- A habitat group of Rocky Mountain growing season with intense sunlight, and a ducive to ready insect-pollination. alpine plants, just completed, marks the great amount of wind and consequently The thirty-odd kinds of plants shown pro- appearance in the botanical halls of the high evaporation—conditions typically arc- duce a veritable flower bed. The profusion, large panoramic type of exhibit long em- tic, and common alike to circumpolar regions proximity, and mass effect portray without ployed successfully in other Departments of and high altitudes of mountainous areas. exaggeration conditions normally found in the Museum. It is the first in a series of The vegetation of the latter differs so little spots favored by suitable drainage, exposure such groups designed to show characteristic from that generally prevailing in the frigid and moisture conditions. Over the flatter, plant formations. zone that it must be considered only a drier and more windswept portions of the Representing the vegetation above timber- special type of the arctic flora. As such it alpine meadow, however, more of the sward line, this diorama forms a striking addition was chosen for representation here because would probably be taken over by the

Garden Beside the Snow The curious profusion of flowers, ranging from spring through summer to autumn types growing almost side by side, as found under arctic-alpine conditions, is represented in this habitat group of a scene above the timberline in the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming. This, the first in a series of botanical habitat groups, has just been completed in the Hall of Plant Life. It was prepared under the supervision of Mr. Emil Sella, who also made necessary field studies and collected required material.

to the Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29). Against of its widespread occurrence in the United growth of grasses, sedges, rushes and mosses. a background of snow-covered mountains is States and ready accessibility in western The brief growing season of the alpine shown a bit of alpine plant life as it exists national parks. flora and its retardation in spots by lingering during the summer months in the Medicine To such unfavorable environmental con- snowbanks makes it possible to find spring, Bow Range of southeastern Wyoming. The ditions the alpine-arctic plants show char- summer and autumn types growing almost exact locality is at an elevation of about acteristic growth responses. The necessary side by side. The whole seasonal progression 12,000 feet, not far from the University of growth and production of fruit must be compressed within a few yards is seen to Wyoming summer camp near Laramie. accomplished in the course of a few months. advantage in the diorama. Beginning at The exhibit presents an open vista, facing The cold temperatures and high winds the left almost in contact with the snow are northeast over a field of alpine wild flowers necessitate protective structures and habits, the early spring types, such as yellow- at the edge of a mountain snow bank, as it and many of the plants have developed flowered adder's-tongue, pink spring beauty, appears about two o'clock in the afternoon. leaves which are either very small or needle- purple Parry primrose, and white marsh Everywhere at this elevation or higher, the like as in the grass sandworts, fleshy-suc- marigold, followed closely by pink lewisia, scene assumes a similar and continuous culent as in the red and yellow stonecrop, yellow snow buttercup, white-flowered ane- aspect—a green sward interspersed with or thick and leathery as in the bearberry or mone, grass sandwort, rock cress, and lilac- brightly colored flowers, a formation having mountain cranberry. Similar protection is colored pasque flowers. The parade of the the effect of a plains area and often referred afforded by the dense matted turf or tufts flowers advances toward summer with to as an "alpine meadow." The absence of of interlacing stems and root systems of the yellow-flowered sieversia, deep pink moss trees is more keenly felt because of their moss campion and alpine phlox. campion, lilac alpine phlox, blue alpine presence in abundance in the valley below. Other plants such as the adder's-tongue. speedwell, bluebell, and white sandwort. At this level appear only the dwarf juniper, Parry primrose, snow buttercup, or marsh These are followed by the purplish violet, seen in the upper left foreground, and the marigold, with more exposed surface, and white and purple daisy fleabane, white- prostrate spruce at the right. thinner, more delicate leaves, have a very (CoYUinu«d on page £) Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS April, 1938

Field Museum of Natural History ABOVE THE TIMBERLINE cian, has studied the tones produced by Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 (Contimud from page 1 ) prehistoric whistles and flutes, one of which the first four sounds RooscTelt Road and Field Drive, Chicago flowered mouse-ear chickweed, yellow and gave of the diatonic scale. red stonecrop, and the prominent single- On exhibition in the Hall of the THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES stemmed white bistort overtopping its Stone Age L. Samuel Jr. of the Old World is a Sbwbix Avery Insull, lower-growing alpine associates. The deli- (Hall C) Magdalenian Leopold E. Block Charles A. McCulloch perforated bone, which once served John Borden William H. Mitchell cate nodding harebell appears here and there, probably as a whistle. It was excavated at William J. Chalmers George A. Richardson while an occasional white and blue Rocky Sergeac near St. Albert B Dick, Jr. Fred W. Sargent Mountain columbine is seen the L6on-sur-Vezere, Dordogne, France. Joseph N. Field Jambs Simpson hugging of Marshall Field Solomon A. Smith side the prostrate spruce. Stanley Field Albert A. Spragub Passing on to the late summer and autumn AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY Albert W. Harris Silas H. Strawn flowers, the principal types farthest removed John P. Wiuon MEETS AT MUSEUM from the snow are the deep blue-violet The Midwest Branch of the American OFFICERS Rocky Mountain gentian, its cream and Field Pretident Oriental Society, one of the oldest learned Stanley purple cousin—the arctic gentian, the showy Albert A. Sprague Firei Vice-Prendent societies of the United States, founded in James Simpson Second Vice-President yellow, sunflower-like Rydbergia, masses of 1842, will hold its annual in Albert W. Harris Third Vice-President the golden yellow ragwort, and pale greenish- meeting Chicago C. Director and on April 1 and 2. On 1 the members CuFFORD Greog Secretary yellow and brilliant red paint brush or April Solomon A. Smith. . .Treasurer and Assistant Secretary will have luncheon at Field Museum, and painted cups. Various grasses, sedges, will hold their afternoon session in the small rushes, and mosses play a prominent part in lecture hall of this institution other sessions FIELD MUSEUM NEWS the composition of the flora. ; will be held at the Oriental Institute. Clifford C. Gregg. Director of the Museum. . . .Editor The drainage lines which normally occur Three members of the Staff of the Museum CONTRIBUTING EDITORS on a slope next to a glacier, are shown will speak before the delegates. Director Paul S. Martin Curator throughout the foreground, and make one Chief of Anthropology Clifford C. Gregg will give an address of B. E. DAHLGREN Chief Curator of Botany feel as if he were standing on the edge of an Henry W. Nichols Curator welcome; Mr. C. Martin Wilbur, Curator of Chief of Geology escarpment which gullies down into the Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology Chinese and will alpine lake and forested valley below. The Archaeology Ethnology, H. B. Haete Managing Editor present a paper on "Legal of granite, schist and gneiss rocks are covered Aspects Slavery in the Han Period of China"; and Mr. with various types of crustose lichens, and Field Museum Is open every day of the year (except Richard A. Martin, Curator of Near Eastern studded with tufts of rock cress, alpine Christmas and New Year's Day) during the hours Archaeology, will speak on the Museum's indicated below: phlox, and snow buttercup. In the upper collection from Kish (Iraq) and conduct the November, December, January, February 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. left of the foreground, a Rocky Mountain members on a tour of the hall now in course March, April, September, October 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. cony peers out upon the scene, as character- June, July, August 9 A.M. to 6 p.m. of preparation for the display of this collec- May, istic an inhabitant of the alpine zone as any tion. Professor Sheldon H. Blank, of Hebrew Admission is free to Members on all days. Other of the plants mentioned. adults are admitted free on Union President of the Thursdays, Saturdays and The preparation of the group has been College, Cincinnati, Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. Midwest Branch, will be chairman of the Children are admitted free on all Students and materially aided by the skillful assistance of days. meeting. Professor of faculty members of educational institutions are admit- various Works Progress Administration Leroy Waterman, ted free any of credentials. the of National day upon presentation artisans assigned to the Museum working University Michigan, The Museum's natural history is for President of the Society, will also attend. Library open under the supervision of Mr. Emil Sella, reference daily except Saturday afternoon and Sunday. chief preparator, who also made the field Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of HENRY JAY PATTEN Chicago by the N. W. Harris I^lblic School Extension studies and collected the material. Aid and Department of the Museum. advice were given him in that task by Pro- 1863-1938 Lectures for schools, and special entertainments fessor Aven Nelson of the University of and tours for children at the Henry Jay Patten, advisor, supporter and Museum, are provided The was painted by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Wyoming. background by friend of institutions and researchers work- Mr. Arthur G. Rueckert from Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. photographs ing in the field of Near Eastern archaeology, and a sketch made the late Announcements of free illustrated lectures for the preliminary by died in Chicago on February 25. A Life public, and lectures for Members of special the Museum, Charles A. Corwin, former Stafif Artist. Member of Field he contributed will appear in Field Museum News. Museum, some of the textiles in the A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms Coptic Egyptian are provided for those bringing their lunches. STONE AGE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Hall, as well as cuneiform tablets from Chicago Motor Coach Company No. 26 buses go By Henry Field ancient Mesopotamia (now Iraq). He was direct to the Museum. Curator of Physical Anthropology the donor also of funds to enable the Field Members are to requested inform the Museum Museum-Oxford University Joint Exp)e- promptly of changes of address. In Europe about 30,000 years ago pre- dition to to continue exca- historic man made whistles and flutes from Mesopotamia vations during 1928 at the site of Jemdet MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM leg bones of geese, swans, eagles, chamois, Nasr, near Kish, and to cover the expenses Field Museum has several classes of Members. and reindeer. These musical instruments, Benefactors or devise involved in publishing the Kish Sasanian give $100,000 or more. Contribu- the oldest yet discovered, were fashioned tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members sculptures in a forthcoming book entitled Non-Resident Life and with sharp, flint gravers, and were probably give $500; Associate Members A Survey of Persian Art. His generous pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. derived from pierced animal bones worn by All the above resulted in his election the Trustees classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining the ancient hunters as trophies of the chase. gifts by Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they to the membership classification designated Inevitably it was discovered that blowing become Associate Members, Annual Members con- by as Contributors. His enthusiasm and tribute $10 annually. Other are across a perforated tubular bone different memberships Corpo- interest in the work of archaeolo- rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions sounds could be made. following under these classitications being made by special action gists engaged in filling in the missing pages of the Board of Trustees. In all probability Paleolithic Man could of man's cultural history will long serve as Each Member, in all classes, ia entitled to free whistle, as even primitive modem peoples inspiration for those who reconstruct the admission to the Museum for himself, his family and such as the Hottentots of South Africa do bouse and to two reserved life of the ancient Near East.—H. F. guests, seats for Museum this extremely well. In New Guinea flutes lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field of an erotic cult. Other Museum News is included with all memberships. The became objects courtesies of every museum of note in the United primitive groups use whistles for attracting Myrrh States and Canada are extended to all of Members and for communica- is a resin Field Museum. A Member his attention, particularly Myrrh exuding spontaneously may give personal card In to non-residents of Chicago, upon of tion during warfare or hunting. Ashanti as light colored drops or "tears" from the which presentation they will be admitted to the Museum without there is a veritable whistling language. bark of several species of trees (Commi- Further charge. information about memberships will the Hamibs four short blasts mean of the torchwood Its native be sent on request. Among phora) family. that an attack is imminent, while one shrill habitat includes Ethiopia, Somaliland, and BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS note indicates the discovery of water. southern Arabia. From earliest times myrrh Catlin, famous artist and traveler has been burned as and it is em- Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History George incense, be may made in securities, money, books or collections. (1796-1872), found a war whistle among the ployed in the Near and Far East in religious They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to American Indians. Whale teeth were made ceremonies. It contains a volatile or essen- a person or cause, named by the giver. into whistles in New Zealand, a splendid tial oil which is distilled and used in per- Contributions made within the taxable year not exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are analogy with the flute prepared from a lion's fumes and for scenting soap. allowable as deductions in computing net income for tooth, excavated from Aurignacian deposits This and other unusual resins such as federal income tax purposes. at Wistonice in Czechoslovakia by Dr. Karl dragon's blood, frankincense, asafetida, etc., Endowments may be made to the Museum with the that an Absolon, in charge of pre- obtained from various of the world, proviaion annuity be paid to the patron for life. archaeologist parts These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in historic sites in Moravia. At the invitation are on display in the northwest section of amount, and may reduce federal income taxes. of Dr. Absolon, Dr. H. Kaslik, Czech musi- Hall 28 in the Department of Botany. April, 19S8 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page S

FOUR MORE RAYMOND PROGRAMS several years before the first scientific NEW FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OFFERED FOR CHILDREN excavations at An-yang, their true an- IN TEMPORARY EXHIBIT tiquity was hardly suspected. Dr. Berthold The series of free By Bryan Patterson spring motion picture Laufer, late Curator of Anthropology, for the Assistant Curator of Paleontology programs children, presented by realizing their importance as documents of James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond the past, persuaded a group of far-sighted The Field Museum Paleontological Expe- Foundation for Public School and Children's citizens to present the collection to Field dition of 1937 obtained many interesting will continue on morn- Lectures, Saturday Museum. "The group included Mrs. George and important specimens from the upper in are offered of ings April. Two showings T. (Frances Gaylord) Smith, Mrs. John J. Paleocene and lower Eocene formations of the films on each one at program, beginning Borland, Miss Kate S. Buckingham, and Colorado. The difficulties of preparing 10 and one at 11. Children from all A.M., Messrs. Martin A. Ryerson, Julius Rosen- these specimens for study and exhibition of and suburbs are parts Chicago invited, wald. Otto C. Doering, and Martin C. were described in Field Museum News and no tickets are for admission. required (November, 1937). Preparation by Mr. Children may come alone, accompanied by James H. Quinn, of the Department of or other or in from parents adults, groups Geology staff, is now far enough advanced, schools and other centers. Titles of the however, to permit the installation of a films to be presented on each date are as temporary exhibit of the more complete follows: finds in Case 80 of Ernest R. Graham Hall April 2—The Settlement of Jamestown:— (Hall 38). Life Within the Stockade; The Village of Among the specimens exhibited is a Powhatan; The Capture of Pocahontas; partial skeleton of a member of the archaic The Spanish Spy; The Marriage of order of hoofed mammals known as Panto- Pocahontas and John Rolfe. donta. It is closely related to Barylambda, an animal of which a skeleton was collected 9—The Farmer's Friend; Peculiar April by a Museum expedition in 1933. A skull Pets; Cairo to the The Veldt. Ancient Artist's Conception of a Tiger Pyramids; of Barylambda is also included in this exhibit. Chinese jade carving of the Shang period (1400- — Likewise shown is a skull of one of the April 16 Gold Mining in the Klondike; 1100 B.C.), on exhibition in Hail 30. largest Animals of the Salton Sea; The World of specimens of Coryphodon yet found, as well Paper; The Art of the Caveman. Schwab. Other Chicago citizens who con- as the skull of a hitherto unknown animal tributed Shang or early Chou jades were which appears to be closer to Coryphodon April 23—From Red Earth to Steel Girder; Messrs. Richard T. Crane, Jr., and Charles than any other known form. The mam- A Visit to Czechoslovakia. B. Goodspeed. The foundation of the jade malian portion of the exhibit also includes a April 30—Magic Myxies; Hindu Holiday; collection was laid by the Blackstone skull of the earliest known member of the The Bittern; 200 Fathoms Deep. Expedition (1908-10), and the Marshall extinct order Dinocerata. The later mem- Field Expedition to China (1923), both con- bers of this order (specimens of which are SHANG JADES EXHIBITED ducted by Dr. Laufer. shown elsewhere in the hall) were grotesque Recently, with the collaboration of Dr. creatures with great six-horned heads. The C. Martin Wilbur By James M. Menzies, one of China's leading new find represents an earlier, hornless stage Curator of Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology archaeologists, who discovered the site of in the evolution of the group. Important archaeological excavations at An-yang, Case 2 in Hall 30 was reinstalled. The reptiles are represented by turtles An-yang in north China during the past ten Through his help many jades were definitely and crocodiles. One of the crocodiles has years have thrown a flood-light of informa-— established as belonging to the Shang short horn-like growths on the back of its tion on China's earliest historical epoch period. A few Shang bronzes, and oracle skull. Such "horns" have never before the Shang period. Modern scientists now bones inscribed with early Chinese writing, been known in the order Crocodilia. This know many things about China from 1400- are also exhibited, in George T. and Frances extraordinary feature went unnoticed in the 1100 B. C. unknown even to Confucius, Gaylord Smith Hall (Hall 24), Cases 1 and 2. field, and was only discovered recently in who lived only a few centuries later. Many the laboratory during the preparation of of the finest jades in Field Museum come the specimen. from An-yang. They were carved during SPECIAL NOTICE the and were buried in the Shang period, Members of the Museum who have Staff Notes tombs of noblemen. Shang residences or to do so are changed plan Mr. Llewelyn Williams, Curator of Who were the Shangs? A generation ago to the Museum of their new urged notify Economic Botany, has been granted a two no one really knew. Today, because of the so that Field Museum News addresses, years leave of absence to accept an appoint- deciphering of Shang writing on oracle bones, and other communications reach may ment to engage in special work for the and due to the excavations of the past for them promptly. A post card this of of Venezuela. decade, it is established that the people of Ministry Agriculture purpose is enclosed with this issue. his at Mr. the Shang state possessed a mature civiliza- Making headquarters Caracas, Members going away during the sum- Williams will assist Dr. F. Pittier, tion, the earUest true Chinese civilization Henry mer, who desire Museum matter sent to the famous Swiss botanist (formerly con- known. They were city dwellers and their temporary addresses, may have nected with the United States Department agriculturists with a full Bronze Age this service by notifying the Museum. of Agriculture) in a botanical survey and culture. In their society were kings and study of the various resources of Venezuela. nobles, priests and scribes, soldiers, traders, Curator Karl P. Schmidt made a field workmen and slaves. 'They worshipped MRS. RAYMOND CONTRIBUTES trip last month to southwestern Arkansas to their ancestors, as have the Chinese ever $2,000 TO FOUNDATION collect salamanders and other reptiles and since. Their written language, the prede- amphibians. He was assisted by Mr. C. M. cessor of modern was The James Nelson and Anna Louise Chinese, already very Barbour, a former member of the Museum's In the arts excelled in Foundation for Public School complex. they Raymond Staff. Recently Mr. Schmidt was honored and and Children's Lectures was the recipient bronze casting, pottery making, bone, by election to membership in the American —to mention last month of another gift of $2,000 from its ivory, and jade carving only Society of Zoologists. founder, Mrs. James Nelson Raymond. those things which still remain. Curator Rudyerd Boulton has returned This, like the many previous contributions Shang jade, exhibited in Cases 1 and 2 of to Field Museum after several weeks in the Mrs. Raymond has made throughout the the Hall of Jade (Hall 30) is admirable for east where he was engaged in special research years since she established the Foundation its vigorous portrayal of animals. In Case on the birds of West with a $500,000 endowment in 1925, will Angola (Portuguese 2 are both naturalistic and conventionalized His studies were made be used in meeting current operating Africa). principally forms tigers, oxen, hares, deer, at the American Museum of Natural representing expenses of the Foundation's manifold History, fishes and New York. alligators, mythical dragons, activities on behalf of Chicago's school chil- birds. Some of the finest are Curator C. Martin Wilbur pieces promi- dren. At present the Foundation is giving recently in the front of the case. lectured on Chinese before the netly displayed its annual spring series of free motion picture archaeology ritual of bronze Club of and on Chinese There are also jades, copies programs in the James Simpson Theatre, as Fortnightly Chicago, weapons, and ornaments for clothing. announced elsewhere in Field Museum jades before the Hoosier Art Patrons The Shang jades in Field Museum were News. A recent innovation in connection Association. among the first shown in any American with these is the preparation of special museum. Brought from China to America exhibits of material relevant to the sub- An American alligator, with nest and eggs, by Mr. A. W. Bahr, a well known collector, jects of some of the films shown. is shown in Albert W. Harris Hall (Hall 18). Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS April, 19S8

SATURDAY LECTURES CONTINUE APRIL GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS Four lectures in the Museum's spring THINGS YOU MAY HAVE MISSED Conducted tours of exhibits, under the course for adults remain to be given on guidance of staff lecturers, are made every Saturday afternoons during April. All will afternoon at 3 p.m., except Saturdays, Sun- at 3 and will be in the and certain is begin p.m., given Silver That Changed the Course days, holidays. Following James Simpson Theatre of the Museum. the schedule of subjects and dates for April: The lecturers are well-known of World Civilization explorers, Friday, April 1 —Spring Birds. scientists and and their naturalists, subjects A large specimen of ore from a mine whose Week beginning April 4: Monday —Races of Man- with motion and — — are illustrated pictures yield of silver, about 500 years before the kind; Tuesday Habitat—Groups; Wednesday —Strange slides. Following are the dates, the entire course of Trap Plants; Thursday General Tour; Friday Moon stereopticon Christian era, changed and Meteorites. titles, and speakers: civilization a world-wide Asiat- by preventing Week beginning April 11; Monday—Asiatic .\nimal ic which have lasted to the — — April 2—The Search for the Congo supremacy might Life; Tuesday Makers of Totem Poles;— Wednesday present day, is on exhibition in Frederick The World's Yesterdays; Thursday General Tour; Peacock The of Plant Life. J. V. Skiff Hall of the Friday— Story Dr. James P. Chapin, American Museum of (Hall 37) Department Week beginning April 18: Monday—South Sea Natural History of Geology. Islands; Tu^ay—Palms and Cereals; Wednesday— 9—Home Life of the Gibbon: A The ore is from the mines of Laurium Skeletons, Past and Present; Thursday—General Tour; April — and Manlike Ape (Plaka), Greece. From these mines the Friday Amphibians Reptiles. Week beginning April 25: Monday—Foods of Professor C. R. Carpenter, Columbia Univendty great Athenian general and statesman, Primitive Peoples; Tuesday— Mexico; Wednesday— obtained the silver that 16—The Picture Book of a Can- Themistocles, Rocks, Rivers and Riches; Thursday —General Tour; April for the and of a —South .\merica. adian Naturalist paid building equipping Friday Greek fleet which decisively Mr. Dan McCowan, Banff, Canada great triumphed Persons wishing to participate should over the Persians under Xerxes in the epochal at North Entrance. Tours are free 23—An Expedition to Prehistoric apply April battle of Salamis, states Mr. Henry W. and no are to be Pueblos gratuities proffered. A Nichols, Chief Curator of Geology. With- new schedule will each month in Dr. Paul S. Martin, Field Museum of Natural appear History Field Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services for special tours by parties of ten or April 30—From London to the South more are available free of charge by arrange- Seas {in natural colors). ment with the Director a week in advance. Mr. William B. Holmes, Evanston, Illinois No tickets are necessary for admission Gifts to the Museum to these lectures. A section of the Theatre is reserved for Members of the Museum, Following is a list of some of the principal received the last month: each of whom is entitled to two reserved gifts during — seats on request. Requests for these seats From Abraham Cohen a beaded jacket of the Brule Sioux from of Texas—492 be made or in to Indians; University may by telephone writing herbarium specimens. Mexico; from Dr. Earl E. the Museum, in advance of the lecture, and Sherff — 71 herbarium specimens, Hawaii; from Mrs. seats will be held in the Member's name .\nna M. Kummer—33 herbarium specimens, Penang; from A. —333 of until 3 o'clock on the of the lecture. Professor L. Kenoyer specimens plants, day Mexico; from Professor Bernardo Rosengurtt —29 Members may obtain seats in the reserved herbarium specimens, Uruguay; from John C. Pape— section also by presentation of their member- a specimen of homblendite and 6 of massive horn- from Tokumatsu Ito— 10 cards to the Theatre attendant before blende, California; specimens ship of coal and five of oil shale, Manchukuo; from Dr. 3 o'clock on the lecture day, even though no Henry Field—2 lizards, 8 snakes, and 13 mammals, advance reservation has been made. All Iraq; from Louis Ruhe, Inc. —2 Barbary apes; from —5 from reserved seats not claimed 3 o'clock will Chicago Zoological Society mammals; Captain by L. R. Wolfe—a golden eagle. Korea; from Mrs. H. D. be made available to the general public. Smith—50 bird skins of 35 species, Mt. Mero and Mt. Kilimanjaro; from Dr. W. P. Kennedy—4 lizards. 2 snakes, and 2 turtle eggs, Iraq; from Carnegie Institution of Washington, from Dr. Fay Cooper-Cole, SUNDAY TOURS TO FEATURE and from Henri Gadeau de Kerville—valuable books STONE AGE EXHIBITS for the Library. "Digging Up Our Ancestral Skeletons" is the subject of the Sunday afternoon NEW MEMBERS lecture tours to be conducted during April The following persons were elected to by Mr. Paul G. Dallwig, the Lajrman membership in Field Museum during the Lecturer. The party will inspect the ex- period from February 16 to March 15: hibits in the Hall of the Stone Age of the Associate Members which contains dioramas Mrs. R. Old World, eight Built Clarence L. Coleman, Jr., James Gets, Ore That a Fleet Leland restoring types of prehistoric man, as well Miss Bertie E. Miller, John W. Ruettinger, G. Chief Curator W. Nichols rock from Seaton. as vast collections of artifacts. Mr. Dall- Henry inspects ancient Grecian mines for traces of the silver which Annual Members wig's lecture, illustrated with these exhibits, turned the tide of war and prevented the establish- Dr. A. V. Allen, S. Beal, Miss Elizabeth G. ment of Asiatic world domination about 500 B.C. Henry will trace the physical evolution of man Dimmer, George G. Dunlap, Guy A. Edgar, Frank C. from the earliest fossil finds down to the Huffman, Edgar R. Leighty, Miss Mary E. Lynch, E. C. Harold W. Panosh, dawn of recorded history. Marquart, Molter, Roy out this fleet, most historians are agreed, Charles Burton Robbins, A. C. Roeth, M. A. Schilti, It is necessaiy to register for the Sunday the Persians would have been victorious, Justus L. Schlichting, Hawley Lester Smith, Paul C. tours and receive an identification ticket, and the Greek civilization which was the Smith, C. J. Thiebeault, J. A. V. Turck, Andrew Urban, A. Walcher, A. G. Warren, Abner M. Zolla. as the number that can be accommodated father of European culture would have is limited. Reservations may be made in fallen. Asia would probably have domi- advance by mail or telephone (Wabash nated the world, and its grip might have Distinguished Visitors if advance reservations do not 9410). Only remained unshaken to our own times. Among distinguished visitors recently exceed the number to which the party is In these days, when the cost of a great received at Field Museum were Colonel limited will additional be registrations per- war runs into many billions of dollars, it is Theodore Roosevelt, of New York, collector mitted for other visitors at the Sunday interesting to note how little, compara- of many of the animals displayed in the Parties are restricted to adults. Museum. tively, it cost to stem a tide of aggression Museum's exhibits; Miss Malvina Hoffman, The lectures are given each Sunday, and in Themistocles' day. Records show that of New York, the noted sculptor, creator of begin promptly at 2 p.m. They end at the amount of silver obtained from the state the Races of Mankind series in Chauncey 4:15, and are broken midway by an inter- revenues yielded by the Laurium mines for Keep Memorial Hall; Dr. A. E. Douglass, mission for relaxation, during which mem- the fleet was only 100 talents, or a sum in of the University of Arizona, Tucson, famed bers of the party may obtain refreshments the ancient Greek coinage equivalent to as the originator of the tree ring method of and smoke in the Cafeteria where special about $144,600 today. Yet, in the opinion tracing ancient dates; and Dr. Olov Janse, tables are reserved for the group. of many authorities, this fleet was of more professor at the University of Paris, and Those participating are requested to importance in world history than the fleets Corresponding Member of I'Ecole Francaise arrive at the Museum a few minutes before of the great naval powers today, and its d'Extreme-Orient, Hanoi (Tonkin), Indo- 2 o'clock so that registrations may be victory had a more profound effect on the China. Dr. Janse spent several days at completed, and wraps checked, without course of past and modern events than the Field Museum to study this institution's inconvenience to themselves and others. result of the world war of 1914-1918. Chinese, Melanesian, and FMlipino collections.

PniNTKD BY riKLO MUSEUM ^KCSS Field^&^fflNews Published Monthly by Field Mv^eum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 MAY, 1938 No. 5

BABOONS—MONKEYS WHICH HAVE ABANDONED TREES FOR LIFE ON THE GROUND By CouN Campbell Sakborn the chest that becomes esp)ecially brilliant six to a dozen. An adult male mandrill is Curator of Mammals at certain seasons of the year. In others a really handsome animal. Baboons may well be called terrestrial the colors are confined to the naked areas Baboons have often been kept as pets, and monkeys, for they have given up life in the of the buttocks. many stories have been written about their trees almost entirely and returned to a life Fine colors, however, do not always make behavior. The most extraordinary is that on the ground. Africa is the only continent fine animals. Baboons are largely vege- of a signalman on a South African railroad. on which they are found, and there they tarian in taste, and in cultivated regions He had lost both his legs and used a small inhabit the open plains, the mountainous do considerable damage to crops. In spite hand-propelled car for locomotion. His pet and rocky country, and the ground of the of the numbers that are killed they manage baboon not only pushed him on this car, but forests of the western regions. to hold their own and remain plentiful over pumped water, swept the floor, and per- Baboons have changed physically in large parts of Africa. formed many other helpful tasks for more many ways from their arboreal relatives, They have learned to respect a man with than nine years. and are well adapted to their terrestrial a gun, but in South Africa have no fear of The Celebes black ape, although not a habitat. The chest in these animals is com- the unarmed natives. It has been reported true baboon, is a very close relative. It is pressed laterally, and the arms and legs are that in some remote regions, for protection a link between the baboons and the old

Seven Species of Baboon Group on exhibition in Hall 15, showing the principal varieties of baboons. From left to right: young Guinea baboon. Celebes black ape, drill, mandrill, another kind of drill, gelada baboon, yellow baboon, and (behind the last) dog-faced baboon. Prepared by Assistant Taxiderniist W. E. Eigsti.

almost uniform in length, facilitating their against baboons, the women are accompanied world monkeys. The black ape is found mode of travel, which is on all fours like by an armed guard when they venture away only in the island of Celebes where it lives most other mammals living on the ground. from the villages. in trees and feeds mainly on fruit. At low The muzzle is greatly elongated, and an The fruit of the prickly-pear cactus, tide it often comes to the beach where it overhanging ridge above the eyes protects which was introduced into South Africa varies its diet with a taste of sea food. them from the bright sun. from Mexico, is a favorite food of the A case of baboons has recently been As mammals living on the ground in open baboons. The seeds of the fruit are reinstalled in the systematic collection of country, these monkeys have been forced not digested or harmed, and consequently mammals in Hall 15. The new installation to develop an outlook on life different from baboons have been the cause of spreading shows the animals on a base simulating natu- that of the tree dwellers. They are fiercer, this undesirable plant. Baboons also feed on ral ground. Three new species have been better fighters, and have a much keener insects, and have been a help in combating added to the exhibit—a dog-faced baboon, sense of smell. plagues of locusts, on which they gorge and a drill, gifts of the Chicago Zoological Baboons are characterized by naked areas themselves. Society, and a Celebes black ape, collected on the body which are marked by highly de- Baboons live together in large groups by the Cornelius Crane Pacific Expedition veloped bright colors. In the mandrill the and often travel long distances in search of Field Museum. The taxidermy and in- face is bright blue and red. In the gelada of food or water. The mandrill of West stallation are the work of Assistant Taxi- baboon of Ethiopia there is a red patch on Africa is usually found in groups of only dermist W. E. Eigsti.

Museum and Chicago Daily News various phases of conservation. The open- P. Schmidt, and one on preservation of Co-operate for Conservation ing article presented views of Director geological features by Curator Sharat K. Clifford C. Gregg and Dr. Wilfred H. Roy. The series attracted much favorable the week of During April 17-23, pro- Osgood, Chief Curator of Zoology. This comment from other organizations and claimed as Conservation Week in Illinois by was followed by an article on conservation individuals interested in conservation. Governor Henry Homer, Field Museum of plant life by Curator Paul C. Standley; enlisted the co-operation of the Chicago one on mammals by Curator Colin Campbell Daily News and was enabled to publish Sanborn; one on birds by Curator Rudyerd A single crystal of beryl weighing 1,000 in the latter a series of six daily articles on Boulton; one on reptiles by Curator Karl pounds is exhibited in Stanley Field Hall. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS May, 1938

Field Museum of Natural History THE ORIGIN OF CORN it likely to be represented by the now the Founded by Marshall Field. 1893 By B. E. Dahlgren despised podcorn which Indians found wild in RooscTelt Road and Field Drive, Chicago Chief Curator, Department of Botany South America as far south as Paraguay. The corn plant, as known in cultivation, OF TRUSTEES Mr. finds teosinte to be a THE BOARD has never been found in the wild state. Mangelsdorf Sewell L. Avery Samuel Insull, Jk. natural hybrid of com and the only other Its place of origin has long remained a sub- Leopold E. Block Chaklbs A. McCulloch corn-like and that certain John Borden William H. Mitchell for in which each grass, Tripsacum, ject speculation. Podcorn, of cultivated J. A. Richardson types corn, such as the pointed William Chalmers George kernel has a separate small husk, occasionally Albert B. Dick, Jr. Fred W. Sargent popcorn, eight-rowed flint, and flour corn appears spontaneously in northern corn- Joseph N. Field James Simpson also show the influence of Tripsacum. Of Marshall Field Solomon A. Smith fields and is often spoken of as a reversion. Albert A. Spragub these he finds no evidence in the Peruvian Stanley Field Nevertheless it is generally denied that it Albert W. Harris Silas H. Strawn area and thinks it probable that they origi- has to do with the ancestral form, John P. Wilson anything nated somewhat north of the teosinte area as has been suggested by some botanists. OFFICERS of southern Mexico, whence have At the time of the of they spread Stanley Field Praident discovery America, northward. Albert A. Spragub Fir$t Vice-President corn was domesticated in many separate James Simpson Second Vice-President areas from what is now Argentina to Canada. Harris Third Vice-President Albert W. Columbus saw it in Cuba. Charred com INDIANS OF CALIFORNIA Clifford C. Gregg Director and Secretary has been discovered in the ancient mounds of Solomon A. Smith . , . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary RETAIN OLD CULTURE the middle western Mound Builders. Dried By Paul S. Martin corn is in of FIELD MUSEUM NEWS preserved prehistoric pueblos Chief Curator, Department of Anthropology the southwest and in ancient tombs of Peru. Clifford C. Gregg, Director of the Museum. . . .Editor in It was evidently of great importance as food California, progressive modem business and is one of the most conservative CONTRIBUTING EDITORS in many places, especially among the most thought, on the so far as the Paul S. Martin Chief Curator of Anthropology advanced indigenes who had come to depend places globe remnants B. E. Dahlgren Curator Chief of Botany for sustenance rather of its aboriginal population of Indians is Henry W. Nichols Curator on agriculture than Chief of Geology concerned. There are few where basic Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology hunting animals or collecting miscellaneous places ideas over H. B. Hartb Maruiging Editor wild fruits and roots. have, many centuries, undergone so few he states. As far back as In the areas inhabited by the agricul- changes, or the natives traded the Field Museum Is open every day of the year (except tural Incas of Peru, and the Aztecs and 2,000 3,000 years Christmas and New Year's Day) during the hours Mayas of southern Mexico and Guatemala, same materials, ate the same food, and sewed Indicated below: skins and rush mats and coiled their one would most naturally search for some baskets December, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. November, January, February of the of corn or the of in the same ways as do their modern descend- October 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. sign origin beginnings March, April, September, ants today. The fundamentals of their May, June, July, August 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. its cultivation. Both these areas have their cultures remained advocates, but Nicaragua and have immutable. Admission is free to Members on all days. Other Paraguay A collection these Indians is adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and have also been suggested. representing Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. At present most of those especially in- on exhibition in the Hall of North American Children are admitted free on all Students and days. terested in the and to Archaeology (Hall B). An implement faculty members of educational institutions are admit- question, qualified known as a "slave-killer" is one of the few ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. judge, seem to accord in ascribing the origin a in The Museum's natural history Library is open for of corn to southern Mexico. In the Mexican things representing cha^nge customs, reference daily except Saturday afternoon and Sunday. highlands and in adjacent Guatemala is since the modern California Indians would Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of found the related teosinte, "the most corn- scarcely use it as their ancestors did and as Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension like of all wild as a tall its name implies. It is a double-pointed Department of the Museum. grasses," growing weed in com fields and hatchet which in the old days was used by Lectures for schools, and entertainments hybridizing naturally special the chiefs to victims of sacrifice on and tours for children at the Museum, are provided with the planted com. slay by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond The hypothesis of a Mexican-Guatemalan occasions such as mourning over the death Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. origin has recently been emphasized on that of an important personage. The points of Announcements of free illustrated lectures for the basis the well-known Russian this instrument were driven with a quick public, and lectures for Members of the by botanist, special Museum, skull slave. will appear in Field Museum News. Dr. N. I. Vavilov, whose brilliant work on blow into the of the A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms the history of Old World cultivated plants Also exhibited are tubular tobacco-pipes are provided for those bringing their lunches. gives his opinions great weight. This of a type believed to be the oldest ever used. Chicago Motor Coach Company No. 26 buses go hypothesis appeals particularly to students From their shape and construction, archaeol- direct to the Museum. of the remains which litter the ogists have been unable to deduce how they Members are to prehistoric requested inform the Museum be used unless the smoker promptly of changes of address. ground in southern Mexico and adjacent could possibly Maya regions. It furnishes a simple, ready- rested on his back and gazed skyward. It MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM made explanation of how the pre-Columbian is believed that the shamans or medicine- to these for evil Field Museum has several classes of Members. civilizations, which the archaeological men employed drawing Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- material bears witness, were made possible spirits from the bodies of disease sufferers, tors or devise give $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members through the convenient presence of an in- in accordance with tribal superstitions. give $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members food The Mexican- exhibit includes necklaces of pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. dispensable plant. The abalone, All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining Guatemalan theory is thus attractive, seems clam and olivella shells; ornaments of Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they plausible, and prove correct in part. shell; shell fish hooks; shell dishes; become Associate Members. Annual Members con- may limpet as it rests on several tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- However, assumptions, whalebone wedges and chisels; bone imple- rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions chief of which concerns the nature and ments for weaving sea grass into garments under these classifications being made by special action of it is bone clubs for of the Board of Trustees. significance teosinte, unsatisfactory and mats; killing seals; in other and at best whistles of for Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free respects only provisional. bird-bone; pestles crushing admission to the Museum for himself, his family and The other area with a strong claim to acorns, which were the people's principal house and guests, to two reserved seats for Museum consideration as the original home of culti- food; various kinds of charms; some cog- lectures provided for Members. to Field Subscription vated com is Peru. There corn is the staff wheel-like carved stones of unknown pur- Museum News is included with all memberships. The courtesies of every museum of note in the United of life of the present-day Indian population, pose, and many other problematical objects. States and Canada are extended to all Members of as it must have been even before the days The aboriginal inhabitants of California, Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card to non-residents of the Incas. never a trace of native architec- of Chicago, upon presentation of developed which they will be admitted to the \fuseum without Field Museum's botanical collections ture. They used no metals, and made no charge. Further information about memberships will include excellent and characteristic speci- axes or chisels of stone, made no be sent on request. "rhey mens of corn from Peru, some of considerable pottery except in restricted regions of the BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS antiquity, as well as fine examples of ancient extreme south. They practised no agricul- pottery with corn decorations. These were ture. Shell and bone were the principal Bequests to Field Museum of Natiu^ History be may made in securities, money, books or collections. recently studied by Mr. R. C. Mangelsdorf, of materials from which they fashioned their They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to Texas Experimental Station, a diligent inves- tools and other needed objects. Stone, 8 person or cause, named by the giver. tigator of the subject, now working at Har- when used, was principally for ornamental Contributions made within the taxable not year for as exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are vard Biological Laboratories. Mr. Mangels- objects and amulets employed hunting allowable as deductions in computing net income for dorf considers that the botanical and genetic and fishing charms. The permanence of federal income tax purposes. evidence he has in hand points to the Peru- this California culture is the most import- Endowments may be made to the Museum with the that an vian area rather than the Mexican as the ant single contribution to the history of provision annuity be paid to the patron for life These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in place of original domestication of the corn civilization that studies of the California amount, and reduce may federal income taxes. plant. As to the ancestor of this, he thinks aboriginals have yielded. May, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page S

LOTUS SEEDS CENTURIES OLD of water. The first two swelled rapidly SARGASSUM GERMINATE AT MUSEUM and showed signs of germination, developing By Alfred C. Weed a small green plumule, but were event- Curator of Fishes there were received at Field Recently ually attacked by fungal algae and decom- the kindness of Professor Passengers on vessels crossing tropical Museum, through posed. The third seed germinated within C. F. Chamberlain of parts of the Atlantic often observe floating (University Chicago), a week, and within three weeks presented some seeds of the lotus of the Orient masses of sargassum or gulf weed. Tales pink a growing shoot seven and a half inches in estimated to be are told about the "Sargassum Sea," an (Nelumbium Nelumbo) length. It was photographed, and then three to five hundred old. Their area in mid-ocean where the currents mass years transferred to Garfield Park Conservatory these sea-weeds in such are history was supplied by Professor Charles for further care. quantities they A. ShuU, of the of of said to stop ships. Whether these stories department botany Newspaper accounts of the germination the university, and Dr. who are true or not, the weed itself is most by Nougouchi of the ancient seed brought many inquiries, brought them from interesting. No one really knows whence . and requests for seeds as well. There were The seeds came from a it comes or where it goes. Some species of originally locality also various reminders of the long exploded in southern Manchuria found Mr. U. the botanical genus Sargassum grow on rocks by but persistent story of the germination of a who communicated his in- in the surf on tropical shores. Perhaps the Lin, banker, wheat from Egyptian tombs. From a formation to Professor Ichiro The weed seen floating in steamer lanes comes Ohga. European weekly, came a radioed request latter discovered the seeds under several from such places, and continues to live and for photographs of the development of the feet of soil accumulated on of an ancient grow as it floats along. Storms may break top plant in all its stages, including flowers and bed which had once been the bottom it into smaller pieces that grow into large peat fruit, but lotus plants do not flower until of a now filled in. from masses and break up again. lake, long Judging the second or third year after storing up a the and all other con- Each of these masses is a little topography, depth, reserve of food in their underground root- floating the size of trees world with barnacles, sea and moss- ditions, including growing stalks. It should be explained that the worms, on he estimated the of the seeds like animals on its branches. Fishes, top, age Oriental lotus is a very different plant from living to be at least two hundred and and with flns developed like feet, climb around fifty the so-called Egyptian lotus, the latter being probably three to five hundred years. A through it or take short swimming excursions a water lily with floating leaves. The large willow tree on the site measured outside. Crabs, with their move- growing leaves of the Oriental or pink lotus, like sidling four feet in diameter. A smaller which ments, it in search of food, or one, those of the native yellow lotus of North explore by was cut showed 125 annual still hide in it to from down, rings. America, are borne on stiff leaf stems, mostly standing keep being themselves. likewise To Professor Ohga's surprise the ancient raised well above the water surface. eaten Shrimps dart seeds were still of about in themselves from capable germination. The pink (sometimes red or white) it, concealing Their hard seed coat had their enemies when glassy proved flowered plant is not found in the United necessary. to Snails to the with sufficiently impervious provide perfect States, except as occasionally cultivated, cling branches, along for a hermetic seal relatives whose bodies are covered protection centuries, and then generally under glass. It is queer the fossilization of the like the preventing embryo closely related to the North American by strange growths projecting legs and When the seeds were of some almost formless monster. These cotyledons. yellow lotus, recorded from Canada and the to the of about are the same and brought University Chicago North Atlantic states, but most abundant projections size, shape twelve Professor found that color as of years ago. ShuU in various localities from the Mississippi the "leaves" the gulf weed. would they germinate readily providing Valley to Texas, notably at Grass Lake All of the creatures that live in the sar- the external was first softened with covering near Chicago, and at Memphis, Tennessee. gassum are branded with its mark. Pipe- sulphuric acid. Seeds of the American lotus are known fishes that look like brownish straws lie along On of some of these seeds at the receipt to retain their vitality for a long time. It the branches. The crabs and sea slugs are a few were tested for Museum, present is not unusual to have them germinate after colored like the plant in shades of yellow, which was found still viability, unimpaired. thirty or forty years. Older seeds are seldom brown and sepia forming irregular patterns of the seeds in water after Two were placed offered for experiment. in the shape of the "leaves." some of the hard in order to filing covering The question of the longevity of seeds is The sargassum fish, one of the great group facilitate of the a penetration water, prac- of perpetual interest. One is reminded of of angler-fishes, spends its whole life in this tice usual in lotus seeds. A third planting Guppy's dictum that theoretically seeds little world. Hatched at the surface of the one was immersed for an hour in sulphuric should live forever, and that there are some warm sea, it swims freely for a few days or at the of Professor acid, suggestion Shull, that seem fitted to withstand even the weeks, and then seeks shelter and food in and then was washed and in a placed glass conditions prevailing on the surface of the these bushy plants. It climbs among the moon.—B.E.D. branches, using its fins like hands, and never swims away except to go to another plant, Important Polish Minerals where the hunting may be better. It is almost as formless as the slugs, but its Examples of minerals of economic value keen eyes detect the slightest motion of mined in added to the Poland, recently other animals. Its mouth and stomach are economic geology collection in Halls 36 and big and elastic enough for it to devour 37, have greatly enlarged the exhibit of use- creatures almost as large as itself. It is ful minerals from that country. The recent almost impossible to see it among the additions include various salts of potash branches where its color pattern and the from the important potash mines around fleshy tags on its skin look like sargassum salt from the famous Wielitzka Boryslaw, "leaves." salt mine, the more important Polish mar- Beneath the floating community of sar- bles, the mineral wax called ozocerite, and a gassum is an underworld that travels with peat from which wrapping paper, yarn, but not in it. Small fishes of many kinds woven fabrics, and other products are made. stay in this shelter, watching for any crea- ture that may stray from its leafy home over- Huge Prehistoric Camel head. In this lower group will be found In Case No. 72 of Ernest R. Graham Hall small jacks, butter-fishes, trumpet-fishes, (Hall 38) is a leg bone of a camel as long as and sometimes even barracudas or small the leg bone of a giraffe. From New Mexico groupers. there have recently been reported heads of A specimen of sargassum fish in a branch fossil camels a yard in length. Why the of gulf weed, reproduced in celluloid, is on in camel, that had such a favorable home exhibition in Albert W. Harris Hall (HaU 18). died out here while it sur- North America, Not long ago Mr. Leon Mandel presented in the Old is a vived World, worthy subject to Field Museum a collection of typical for speculation. tenants of a mass of sargassum. Included are one hundred and twenty-five crabs (some Pbotocraph courtesy uf Chicago Evening American Marble from Jerusalem with eggs) and shrimps, four of the sea slugs, Ancient Lotus Seed Germinates Several of the more important marbles four worms, sixty-two snails, five sargassum From seed estimated to be between 300 and 500 used in Jerusalem, collected for the Museum fish, and a mass of eggs that may belong to yeai^ old the young Oriental lotus plant shown above by Mr. Maurice G. Morrison, of Evanston, one of the slugs. These were collected during was grown in Field Museum's botanical laboratories. Illinois, have been added to the marble col- a voyage from the Bahamas to Bermuda It is believed to represent the longest duration of delayed germination on record. lection in Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall (Hall 37). aboard Mr. Mandel's yacht Buccaneer. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS May, 19S8

SUNDAY LECTURE TOURS IN MAY the American Association for Adult Edu- MAY GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS New and Dr. Franz Weiden- FEATURE HOFFMAN SCULPTURES cation, York, Conducted tours of exhibits, under the Director of the Cenozoic reich. Honorary guidance of staff are made On afternoons during May, Mr. lecturers, every Sunday Research Laboratory, Geological Survey of afternoon at 3 the will p.m., except Saturdays, Paul G. Dallwig, Layman Lecturer, China, Mr. Adam is connected Peiping. Sundays, and certain holidays. Following present his final series of lecture-tours for with the of Political Department Science, is the schedule of and dates current season. From June to the end subjects for the Occidental College, Los Angeles, California, will dis- May: of September, Sunday tours be and is the author of Civic Value Museums of Week beginning May 2: —Asiatic Animal but will be resumed Monday continued, beginning published by the American Association of Life; Tuesday—Plants and Their Habitats; Wednesday series will be an- —In the Land of —• October 2, when a new Museums. Dr. Weidenreich, who is a the Great Pyramids; Thursday General Tour; Friday—The Story of Coal. nounced. visiting professor of Peiping Union Medical will Week beginning May 9: Monday—Animal Life of For May, Mr. Dallwig's subject be is noted for his anatomical re- College, the Chicago Area; Tuesday—The Indians "Parade of the Races," covering the Races —Shepherd searches on Sinanthropus (the "Peking and Their Neighbors;— Wednesday Trees and Their of Mankind sculptures by Miss Malvina Man"). Uses; Thursday General Tour; Friday—Races of Hoffman in Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall. Mankind. Week 16: — This subject, presented during several beginning May Monday Earth Forces and Their Work; Tuesday—Fishes; — is in Wednesday previous months, being repeated The Dinosaurs and Other Reptiles; Thursday—General response to many requests from persons THINGS MAY MISSED Tour; Friday—Jades of Many Lands. YOU HAVE — who were unable to obtain reservations on Week—beginning May 23: Monday Melanesia;— previous occasions. Tuesday Akeley Animal Groups; Wednesday Life in the Far North; Thursday—General Tour; Friday— It is necessary to register for the Sunday A Miniature Sumerian Head Plants Native to the Americas. tours and receive an identification ticket, Portraits of the rulers of ancient Meso- Monday, May 30—Memorial Day holiday, no tour; as the number that can be accommodated Tuesday—Itocks and Minerals. potamia, now the kingdom of Iraq, have is limited. Reservations may be made in rarely come to light. At the excavations Persons wishing to participate should advance mail or telephone (Wabash by conducted on the apply at North Entrance. Tours are free 9410). Only if advance reservations do not site of Kish by the and no gratuities are to be proffered. A exceed the number to which the party is Field Museum-Ox- new schedule will appear each month in limited will additional be registrations per- ford University Field Museum News. Guide-lecturers' mitted for other Sunday visitors at the Joint Expedition services for special tours parties of ten Museum. Parties are restricted to adults. by (1922-1933), there or more are available free of charge by The lectures are each Sunday, and given was found a tiny arrangement with the Director a week in at 2 p.m. They end at begin promptly lapis lazuli head, advance. 4:15, and are broken midway by an inter- only four milli- mission for relaxation, during which mem- Gifts to the Museum bers of the party obtain refreshments may Following is a list of some of the principal and smoke in the Cafeteria where special gifts received during the last month: tables are reserved for the group. From Miss Edith K. Hammill—a New to clay pot, Those participating are requested Mexico(?); from Homer E, Sargent—6 American Indian arrive at the Museum a few minutes before and Algerian blankets; from Escuela Nacional de — 100 Guatemala; from Museo 2 o'clock so that registrations may be Agricultura plants, Front View of Tiny Nacional—53 plants, Costa Rica; from Richard Stil- completed, and wraps checked, without Sumerian Head linger—85 plants, Idaho; from Professor Orland E. others. White—70 from of Texas inconvenience to themselves and Magnified about 7 times plants, Mexico; University —228 from Professor L. A. — actual size of object. plants, Mexico; Kenoyer 102 plants, Mexico; from Harvey Sconce—3 planks Staff Notes of Mexican woods; from Dr. Earl E. Sherff—62 meters in or plants, height, Hawaii; from Tokumatsu Ito—15 specimens of oil Curator of Mr. Colin Campbell Sanborn, about the size of a shale and coal, Manchukuo; from E. M. Brigham— Mammals, has been appointed a Fellow of small bead. Upon 7 blue agates, and two concretions, Michigan— and the John Simon Memorial New Mexico; from C. H. McPherson skeleton of Guggenheim close examination it from C. A. —one land 1938. badger, Illinois; Quinn gastropod, Foundation for the year Under the was discovered to be Profile Colorado: from Mrs. M. Don Clawson—24 bird skins, Mr. Sanborn will material from Dominion Museum— accessories and fellowship study a portrait sculpture Such of ancient Iraq; plant portraits for kiwi New Zealand; from Mrs. in the British Museum and other European the Kish iniiabitants are ex- photographs group, showing clearly Hermon Dunlap Smith—50 birds, Kilimanjaro and museums in order to the first part tremely rare. — complete round head, large Mero; from Robert L. Fleming— 7 birds, India; from of work on a catalogue of the world's bats. eyebrows, and aqui- Hermano Niceforo Maria 13 snakes, Colombia; from Dr. James M. Nisbett—4 Arkansas; from Later Mr. Sanborn will spend some time in line nose characteristic of Sumerian art. It reptiles, G. S. Doming—25 snakes, Illinois; from W. H. Foster Central America the habits of bats of a — — studying is probably a contemporary portrait 20 wasps, Texas; from E. Fred Bromund— 12 insects, and collecting specimens for future exami- prominent citizen who lived some 4,500 Michigan; from Dr. J. C. Cross 3 reptiles, Texas; from C. M. Barber—13 from nation. at which to reptiles, Arkansas; years ago Kish, according legend Boardman Conover—5 Iceland and : Mr. Paul C. Curator of the birds, Standley, was "the first city founded after the Flood." from Dr. Henry Field—320 fishes, Scotland and Florida; Herbarium, attended the recent dedication This rare masterpiece, now on exhibition from Dr. W. P. Kennedy—2 fishes, Iraq; from John G. Shedd —an albino axolotl and U fishes; of the Fairchild Tropical Garden at Coral in Case 11 on the east side of Field Aquarium Stanley from J. T. Crowell and Sharat K. — 113 marine Florida. This to Roy Gables, garden, adjacent Hall, shows the remarkable artistic attain- invertebrates, Maine; from Knox College, Wheat Flour the well known Matheson Hammock, in ments of the Sumerian craftsmen. The Institute, Paul C. Standley, Karl P. Schmidt, and — books for the which is preserved an area of natural head was found by one of the youngest Dr. A. B. Lewis valuable Library. Florida vegetation, is to be developed as a workmen, a seven-year-old Arab boy, who botanical garden, and, because of the received the customary bakhshish of a small NEW MEMBERS success- favorable climate, should be highly local coin. In addition to the older basket- The following persons were elected to ful. It is named for Dr. David G. Fairchild, boys, who removed the earth from the lowest membership in Field Museum during the of States formerly the United Department levels, four sharp-eyed lads were employed period from March 16 to April 15: of for on Agriculture. to search archaeological specimens Associate Members even the smallest beads the dump. Thus, Dr. Philip Fox Visitors were recovered.—H. F. Distinguished Annual Members visitors to Field Recent distinguished Kenneth E. Armstrong, Albert Arndt, Mrs. Warren Museum included Dr. John Beattie, Con- W. Brown, R. Edward Davis, Mrs. August Gatzert, Museum Hours Extended Edwin M. C. C. servator, Museum of the Royal College of Robert B. Harbison, Dr. Harrison, H. M. Alan H. Newton Dr. Barnum for Summer Period Hasely, Hood, Horwich, Surgeons, London; Brown, Jenkins, K. V. Janovsky Johns, W. A. Keplinger, Curator of Fossil at the American H. Miss Reptiles Summer visiting hours, 9 a.m. to 6 Joseph M. King, Leo Kraemer, W. Kurth, Grace M. Mrs. M. G. Mrs. J. A. O. Museum of Natural History, New York; holi- Merchant, Paulus, P.M. daily, including Sundays and Frederic A. Mrs. F. A. J. F. Miss Malvina Hoffman, noted New York Preua, Pullman, Roes, days, will go into effect at Field Museum Stiles, Jr., William F. Weber. and creator of the Races of Man- sculptor on May 1. These hours will be observed kind bronzes in Field Dr. W. R. B. Museum; throughout the period up to and in- Amber in Coal Oliver, Director of the Dominion Museum, 5 cluding September (Labor Day). from the Fushun Wellington, New Zealand; Mrs. Eric Scott, Some coal specimens Education Department, Tasmania; Mr. mine near Mukden, Manchukuo, recently the exhibits in Hall are of E. O. G. Scott, Assistant Curator, Queen Stages in the manufacture of lead pencils added to 36, interest. The coal is Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launces- are illustrated by an exhibit in the graphite unusual impregnated small of amber. ton, Tasmania; Mr. Thomas R. Adam, of collection in Hall 36. with numerous specks PRINTCO BY FIELD MUSEUM PRCSB 'is(^ffi"News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 JUNE, 1938 No. 6

FIELD MUSEUM OPENS A BOOK SHOP TO SERVE ITS MEMBERS AND THE PUBLIC

To provide the Members and other friends Especially featured are entertaining, but seum Press and of other publishers. All of of Field Museum with a reliable source of authentic, books on travel and exploration. the books kept regularly in stock have been supply for authoritative books in the many Likewise, endeavor is being made to keep in passed upon by qualified members of the fields of science within the scope of the insti- stock a large selection of books suitable for Museum's scientific staff. While this does tution, a Book Shop has been opened at the children—books which are amusing as well not necessarily imply that such books are east side of the north entrance to Stanley as educational. These include books for recommended, or even approved from cover Field Hall. reading to the youngest children, books for to cover, it does indicate that they have been Through this Book Shop there are avail- reading by children of various ag:es, picture selected as the best available in their fields, able at one location books by reputable books, books with outline drawings to be and is a voucher that they do not rank among authors on anthropological, botanical, geo- colored, attractively prepared atlases, etc. the thoroughly impossible and completely un- logical, and zoological subjects, as well as on There are books which you will want in your trustworthy works with which the market is exploration and other sometimes burdened. phases of activity Purchasers of books properly related to at the Museum may the work of the Mu- feel assured that every seum. effort is being made Many requests to supply them with made to this institu- something of real tion, both by visitors value—that the object in person, and in is not merely to sell letters, for the names books. of recommended books However, as an on fish or birds, on added service, the Indians or precious Museum Book Shop, gems, and a host of in fulfilment of special other subjects, im- orders from Members pressed Museum or Museum visitors, authorities with the will obtain for them need for organization practically any book of a special service in they may desire which this field. As the is available from any Library of the Mu- publisher or dealer in seum is entirely for the entire world. reference purposes, Books may be pur- and its books cannot chased on mail orders, be loaned to individ- but it is necessary to uals for reading at require payment, plus home, it could not postage, in advance, meet the demand. The as the Museum can- requests for recom- not carry accounts. mendations in many In addition to cases have been fol- books, there are on lowed by requests for sale miniature repre- suggestions as to where sentations of various the books might be ob- animals in bronze and tained. Therefore, it other materials, suit- was decided some- able as souvenirs, li- View of Part of Field Museum^s New Boole Shop thing more was needed brary decorations, and A convenient place for Museum Members and the general to obtain authentic books on science, in order to all public Some of the give exploration, and allied subjects. Books of value and interest to children, as well as adults, are especially featured. toys. possible assistance to The shop is located on the east side of the north entrance to the building. larger figures are de- those who desired to signed to serve as book study more deeply in their chosen branches own library, books which you will want in ends. Also on sale are illuminated globes of science. Establishment of the Book Shop your children's library, and books appropri- bearing maps of the world. Management of offered the most practical solution to this ate as gifts for either adults or children. the shop is in charge of Mr. Noble Stephens. problem. Included are the products of Field Mu- —Clifford C. Gregg, Director

EXCAVATIONS IN SOUTHWEST the pueblo-metropolis of that region, which probably dated from about A.D. 500-800, SOON TO BE RESUMED flourished around the year A.D. 1100, after the time of the Dark Ages in Europe. Dr. William the Conqueror had invaded Eng- Martin expects to find that the houses of Archaeology be likened to a picture- may land. Lowry Pueblo was a fine large three- this Basket Maker Period were partly sunk Each contributes his puzzle. archaeologist storied apartment house with about one in the ground. Such dwellings are desig- bit of information which forms a of part hundred rooms. nated as pit houses. The walls up to the sur- the solution. As soon as the of history any Last summer the Museum expedition face of the ground may be lined with stone region is deciphered, that corner of the worked on four earlier sites in the "suburbs" slabs, while the part above ground consisted puzzle will be completely filled in. of Lowry, each consisting of one house with probably of upright wooden poles with The special corner upon which Field from one to four rooms, and dating from brush and mud plaster laid against them. Museum has been working, through expedi- about A.D. 800-1000, a period correspond- In 1938, as in 1937, the necessary funds tions under the direction of Dr. Paul S. ing to that after Charlemagne. for the expedition were contributed by Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, is In a few weeks Dr. Martin will start on President Stanley Field. Dr. Martin and southwestern Colorado. From 1930 to 1934 another expedition to Colorado to dig in his associates expect to remain in the field Dr. Martin excavated Lowry Ruin, once the so-called "Basket-Maker" villages, which for about three months. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS June, 19S8

Field Museum of Natural History THEODORE ROOSEVELT ELECTED Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 TO MUSEUM TRUSTEESHIP THINGS YOU MAY HAVE MISSED RooMTelt Road and Field DriTe, Chlcafto Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, of New York, was elected as a Trustee of Field Museum at THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES a meeting of the Board held on May 23. Tlie Panda Sewell L. Avery Charles A. McCullocb Colonel Roosevelt's interest in and associa- Leopold E. Block William H. Mitchell So much attention has been given to the tion with the institution dates back to 1925 William J. Chalmers George A, Richardson large black and white "giant" panda that Albert B. Jr. Theodore Roosevelt when, with Mr. Kermit he led Dick, Roosevelt, its smaller relative, the little or ordinary Joseph N. Field Fred W. Sargent the James Simpson-Roosevelts Asiatic Expe- Marshall Field James Simpson panda, has been accorded scant recognition. dition of Field Museum. This expedition Stanley Field Solomon A. Smith The small panda is really more colorful Albert W. Harris Albert A. Sfragub obtained collections of mam- magnificent than the giant panda. Its upper coat and Samuel Insull, Jr. Silas H. Strawn mals, of which many are now exhibited in John P. Wilson its tail are varying shades of red and brown- habitat or as mounts. Out- groups single ish red with indistinct rings in the tail. The OFFICERS are standing the groups of Marco Polo's are and the white face has red or Stanley Field Praidml legs black, sheep {Otns poli), and Asiatic ibex, obtained Albert A. Sfrague Ftrrt Vice-Praiient black markings on it. in the Thian Shan Mountains of "Turkestan James Simpson Second Viet-PretiderU The panda has a much wider range than Albert W. Harris Third Vice-President and on the Pamir In 1928 Colonel plateau. its larger cousin, which is confined to a Clifford C. Grbqg Director and Secretary Roosevelt and his collected brother again limited in the of Solomon A. Smith. . .Treasurer and Assistant Secretary area province Szechwan, for the as leaders of the Museum, joint China. The panda is found from the higher William V. Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition parts of the Himalayas north through Yun- FIELD MUSEUM NEWS to Asia. Eastern This expedition, working nan and western Szechwan. It feeds almost Clifford C. Gregg, Director of the Museum Editor in three divisions in remote of French parts wholly on vegetable matter, such as fruits, EDITORS Indo-China and southern CONTRIBUTING China, brought acorns, bamboo sprouts, grass and roots. Curator back more than Paul S. Martin Chief of Anthropology 15,000 zoological specimens. It also eats eggs, and sometimes insects and B. E. Dahlgrbn Chief Curator of Botany The most result was the noteworthy single but never fresh meat. It is arboreal Henry W. Nichou Chief Curator of Geology larvae, collecting of the giant now Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology panda specimens and lives in holes in trees, although some- exhibited in a habitat One H. B. Hartb Managing Editor group. specimen times it burrows in the ground. One litter of this rare animal was shot the Roose- by of two young is said to be bom each year. velts themselves, and thus attained the Field Museum is open every day of the year (except they Both this panda and the giant panda are and Year's the hours distinction of the first white men to Christmas New Day) during being closely related to the American raccoons indicated below: trail the giant panda successfully. and their allies. A specimen of the panda November, December, January, February 9 A.M. to 4 p.m. now be seen in Hall 15. —C.C.S. March, April, September, October 9 A.M. to B P.M. may May, June, July, August 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Admission is free to Members on all days. Other SPEAKING OF PANDAS— adults are admitted free on and Thursdays, Saturdays a new series of Stindays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. Inaugurating picture Children are admitted free on all days. Students and post cards of Field Museum exhibits, faculty members of educational institutions are admit- printed in four colors. Field Museum ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. Press has just issued cards showing the - The Museum's natural is for history Library open Roosevelts' in Will- reference daily except Saturday afternoon and Sunday. giant panda group iam V. Hall and Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of Kelley (Hall 17), the Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension klipspringer group in Carl E. Akeley Department of the Museum. Memorial Hall (Hall 22) . Other subjects Lectures for schools, and special entertainments will follow in the near future. The and tours for children at the Museum, are provided colored cards are by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond sold at 5 cents each. Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectuj-es. For Members of the Museum, a copy Announcements of Panda, but No Giant free illustrated lectures for the of the panda post card is enclosed vnth and lectures for Members of the In the vast the has received public, special Museum, this issue Field publicity giant panda will appear in Field Museum News. of Museum News. since the Roosevelt brothers (Theodore and Kermit) first one for Field Museum in and due A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms Incidentally, in a few weeks Field bagged 1928, to the arrivals of Su-Lin and Mei Mei at are provided for those bringing their lunches. Museum will have another subsequent giant panda Brookfield Zoo, the little ordinary panda has become Motor Coach 26 Chicago Company No. buses go exhibit. Su-Lin, famous and well-loved "the forgotten animal." You can make his acquaint- direct to the Museum. giant which recently died ance through tills specimen in Hall 15. Members are requested to inform the Museum young panda promptly of changes of address. at the Chicago Zoological Society's park at Brookfield, is being prepared Distinguistied Visitors ME.MBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM for exhibition at the Museum. distinguished visitors recently Field Museum has several classes of Members. Among Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- received at Field Museum are: Mr. Ludwig tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members LEON MANDEL GIVES MUSEUM Glauert, Curator of the Western Australia $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members give Museum, at Perth; Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, of pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. SPECIMENS OF MAKO SHARK All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining the United States National Museum, Wash- of Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they A specimen mako shark, about eight ington, D. C; Dr. Vladimir Fewkes, archae- become Associate Members. Annual Members con- feet long and weighing 274 pounds, was of Dr. F. F. Kou- tribute Other ologist Savannah, Georgia; $10 annually. memberships are Corpo- to Field Museum last month rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions presented by mans, Leiden Museum, Leiden, Netherlands. under these classifications being made by special action Mr. Leon Mandel, of Chicago. Mr. Mandel of the Board of Trustees. caught this large shark on sail-fish tackle, Each all Member, in classes, is entitled to free during a recent cruise in Cuban waters Staff Notes admission to the Museum for his and iiimself, family aboard his Buccaneer. house guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum yacht Mr. Bryan Patterson, Assistant Curator lectures for Members. is the first of provided Subscription to Field Mr. Mandel's gift specimen of Paleontology, has received one of the Museum News is included with all The memberships. this species of shark to reach Field Museum. the American Associ- courtesies of every museum of note in the United grants-in-aid made by It will be used for exhibition in a new hall States and Canada are extended to all Members of ation of Museums, from a fund provided by Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card of fishes now in preparation. the of New York, to non-residents of Carnegie Corporation Chicago, upon presentation of various which they will be admitted to the Museum without to members of the staffs of museums charge. Ftirther information about memberships will Director's Annual Report Published for foreign travel in connection with research be sent on request. Delayed by the fact that Field Museum during 1938. Mr. Patterson will sail for about June and will most BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS Press has been taxed to capacity by other Europe 22, spend the 1937 Annual of of the summer at museums in Paris and to Field Museum of Natural publications, Report Bequests History may London making studies of specimens of be made in securities, money, books or collections. Director Clifford C. Gregg, to the Mu- if American fossil mammals and birds. They may, desired, take the form of a memorial to seum's Board of Trustees, has just come South a person or cause, named by the giver. off the press. It is a book of 156 pages Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Contributions made within the taxable not year with ten Curator of the made exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are full-page collotype illustrations, Herbarium, recently allowable as deductions in computing net income for and surveys in detail all of the institution's a collecting trip in southern Missouri, federal income tax purposes. activities of the year. Distribution will gathering specimens of plants in connection Endowments may be made to the Museum with the that begin immediately, a copy being sent to with his forthcoming book on the spring provision an annuity be paid to the patron for life. These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in every Member of the Museum, as well as to flora of Missouri. A thousand specimens amount, and may reduce federal income taxes. other institutions all over the world. were collected for the Museum Herbarium. June, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Pages

BEE-SWARM ORCHID of these plants sent to a European green- EXPEDITION SEEKS MATERIAL eleven By B. E. Dahlgrbn house flowered only after years. FOR NEW TYPE OF EXHIBIT "The shown in the Chief Curator, Department of Botany specimen accompanying As the first step in a project to prepare illustration, as reproduced and recently in- than of orchids are certain exhibits of a new Dr. Wilfred More 17,000 species stalled in a separate case near the orchids kind, botanists. Most are from the H. Chief Curator of left known to at the north end of Hall 29, was collected Osgood, Zoology, The few 15 motor car to conduct tropics and sub-tropics. relatively in open woods at an altitude of about 3,000 Chicago May by northern forms are terrestrial an in south central New Mexico. mostly small, feet near Petropolis, in the state of Rio de expedition of which the There he to collect mammal herbs inconspicuous lady's Janeiro, Brazil. Its local name there is plans specimens fair and material tresses are a example. However, they sumare, which refers to its mucilaginous accessory illustrating examples include also a few with flowers of taking place today. larger species juice, recommended as a substitute for glue evolutionary changes sufficiently showy to attract attention, such Dr. Osgood, accompanied by Dr. Frank as the lady slipper or moccasin flower. W. Gorham, of Los Angeles, and Mr. In the Gulf states, and especially in Flor- Walter F. Nichols, of Pasadena, California, ida, are found orchids with aerial roots that will work in the "white island" of sand in adhere to the trunks and branches of trees Tularosa Basin, a desert region of some 300 and shrubs. As these generally have no square miles, and in the "seas" of black connection with the soil, they are com- lava formation which compose the ground monly considered as parasites on the suppo- surface of adjoining territory. About eight sition that they somehow live at the expense weeks will be spent in the area. A general of the tree or branch on which they grow. representation of the regional fauna, for the This assumption is so widespread that in the study collections of the Museum, will be whole of Latin America, where most Amer- sought as well as the material for exhibits. ican species of orchids are native, the com- The Tularosa white sands are populated mon generic name for them is "parasitas." by a wide variety of small mammals, largely It is doubtful, however, whether among of the rodent order, many of which have all the thousands of species there exists turned as white as their habitat, thus a single parasitic orchid. Some live on becoming invisible or nearly so to their decayed vegetation, and a few are vines or enemies, the larger predatory animals such climbers, such as the vanillas. The latter as coyotes, foxes, owls and hawks. On the may begin their career in contact with the other hand, the small animals inhabiting ground, but most are simply perching plants, the adjacent black lava beds have assumed or so-called "epiphytes," as to their habit of dark coloration which similarly protects residence. As to mode of existence they are them in their environment. air-plants, which derive their water from "These are relatively recent evolutionary rain and dew, and elaborate their own phenomena, and they present one of the nourishment from the air. best and most convincing examples any- As air-plants, exposed to occasional or where in the world of currently continuing periodic drought, many orchids have charac- changes in accordance with environment," — ALTial I'lower Garden teristics resembling those of desert plants states Dr. Osgood. "The striking contrasts Bee-swarm orchid of Central and South America, thick leaves, impervious epidermis, mucila- between the colors of the two habitats, and as it grows high on the trunlc of trees. Reproduced and swollen of ginous sap, storage organs. in the Museum laboratories, and now on exhibition in the colors of the animal inhabitants each, bulbous or Often, the storage organs are the Hall of Plant Life. show clearly how nature acts to protect, on bottle-shaped for the conservation of the the one hand, creatures which on the other moisture absorbed and the food material in shoemaking, and said to be useful for hand it has contradictorily exposed to elaborated during the most favorable grow- gluing wood. Like most other plants of destruction by unleashing against them are and unusual ing season. Generally these organs distinctive appearance proper- predatory birds and beasts that relish them materia formed by enlargement of the lower parts of ties, it has found a place in popular as food. The prevailing whiteness of the vegetative shoots, as illustrated by the medica, chiefly as a demulcent. Its leafless animals in the white sand area, and the Schomburgkia among the orchid exhibits in shoots are commonly displayed in the shops blackness of those which live among the the Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29). of herb dealers, where they are known under black lava rocks, provide excellent examples In one of the largest of American orchid the name of raho de taiu or "armadillo tail," of the effect of environment on coloration. plants, the bee-swarm orchid {Cyrtopodium a term sometimes applied to the plant itself. The changes which have occurred to the punctaium) recently added to the Museum's animals in these areas have been almost botanical exhibits, the vegetative shoots are observable man, and afford Lac and directly by large, thick, erect green stems, bearing palm- Lacquer definite evidence of evolution in progress. In of incrustation formed a like or maize-like foliage. time drought Lac is a resinous by By collecting these animals and exhibiting the leaves may be shed, reducing evapora- scale insect {Coccus lacca) feeding upon the them in scenes re-creating their habitats, tion, while the green shoots, when leafless, sap exuding from twigs of certain trees Field Museum will tell their story and continue to function as storage organs. native to India and the Malay States. For show how these changes happen." of this orchid refers this resinous matter is The common name commercial use, To insure specimens arriving in strictly its which the and to the spots on flowers, appear scraped from twigs washed, pro- natural condition. Dr. Osgood will ship like a swarm of small bees the seed lac. After the seed lac covering ducing drying, them alive, by airplane, to the Museum. it to shell lac. otherwise yellow to yellowish green petals is heated until melts, produce After the work of the expedition is com- and bracts of the flower stem. There is on in the northwest spreckled display pleted he will attend the meeting of the other Hall 28 exhibit the The bee-swarm orchid, and species corner of an showing American Society of Mammalogists to be it the treatment of crude of the genus to which belongs, are common successive steps in held at San Francisco July 19 to 23. to the more temperate parts of tropical lac to obtain seed, button, and shell lac. Also America from Hispaniola and Mexico displayed are several "lacquered" articles of through Central America and Venezuela to various kinds made in India. FIELD MUSEUM WPA PROJECT southern Brazil. They often grow directly REPRESENTED IN EXHIBIT on barren rocks, but just as frequently on Field Museum the bare trunks of trees. The bee-swarm HAVE YOU READ— Work being done at by Q Works Administration employes is on the stem Progress orchid sometimes seen high Men and Morons, Dr. I Apes, by was in the Exhibit of the of Cocos palms where, with a cluster of A. Professor of An- represented Earnest Hooton, , Division of the aerial roots as large as a crow's nest, from Women's and Professional thropology at Harvard University. Merchandise Mart which proceed numerous leafy stems and WPA held at the May "A very illuminating, witty and 'de- section there were clusters of flowers, it presents the remark- 5-10. In the Museum kind of into Man's able appearance of an aerial flower garden, bunking' inquiry shown examples of depatinization of copper and future," says Dr. Paul S. methods shaded by the spreading crown of the palm. past and bronze archaeological objects, Chief Curator of This orchid has been known since about Martin, Anthropology employed for reproducing plants and flowers at Field Museum. of the 1700 when it was discovered by the French used in habitat groups animals, of botanist Plumier. Under the artificial con- This is one of the many excellent cleaning of animal skeletons, mending of scientific cata- ditions in northern greenhouses it grows books on sale at the new FIELD ancient textiles, types indexes clerical much more slowly, and flowers more MUSEUM BOOK SHOP. $3. logues and prepared by results of other activities. sparsely, than in its native habitat. One workers, and Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS June, 1938

ZOOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS For the Division of Insects, Dr. Field and JUNE GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS his associates obtained 2,770 specimens of FROM DR, HENRY FIELD Conducted tours of exhibits, under the insects and other invertebrates from south- guidance of staff lecturers, are made every Extremely valuable additions to the western Asia (mainly Iraq and Iran), 1,215 afternoon at 3 p.m., except Saturdays, Sun- zoological collections of the Museum have from Great Britain, 567 from the Near East, days, and certain holidays. Following is been made the past several years 1,043 from Arabia, and 47 from Florida. during the schedule of subjects and dates for June: through the efforts of Dr. Henry Field, Cura- — tor of Physical Anthropology. Nearly all Wednesday June 1 Hall of Races of Mankind; 2,700 PERSONS HAVE ATTENDED —General — and the are new to Field Thursday Tour; Friday Plants Animals species represented of Long Ago. Museum—some are new to science. In cer- SUNDAY LECTURE-TOURS Week beginning June 6: Monday—Fishes and collections are so and — — tain divisions, large, The first season of Sunday afternoon Reptiles; Tuesday General — Tour; Wednesday the regions involved so little known zoo- lecture-tours conducted by Mr. Paul G. Egyptian Exhibits; Thursday General Tour; Friday —Hall of Plant Life. logically, that reports are to be published. Dallwig, the Layman Lecturer, ended last Week beginning June 13: Monday—African On the and of Arabia, month. with the first in Hemiptera Orthoptera Beginning Sunday Animals; Tuesday—General Tour; Wednesday—China Iraq, and Iran, reports by Mr. W. E. China, October, thirty-five lectures were given, and and Tibet; Thursday—General Tour; Friday—Birds and Dr. B. P. Uvarov, British Museum the average attendance was 77, making a to- of America. in at Field Museum. Week beginning June 20: Monday—Plants of specialists, are now press tal of approximately — There Economic Value; Tuesday General Tour; Wednesday Dr. Field, while conducting anthropo- 2,700. were —Indians of Plains and Deserts; Thursday—Genend several hundred —Marine Life. logical expeditions, has always made a point Tour; Friday — of collecting material needed in Botany, more applicants Week be^nning June 27; Monday Moon, Meteor- ites and Mmerals; Tuesday—General Tour; Wednes- and In addition, he has than could be ac- Geology, Zoology. day—Islands of the Pacific; Thursday—General Tour. stimulated the interest of other persons with commodated, as whom he has come in contact in foreign parties were neces- Persons wishing to participate should lands, and as a result further material is sarily limited to a apply at North Entrance. Tours are free constantly pouring in. size practical for and no gratuities are to be proffered. A handling. Partici- new schedule will in Among the collectors are the following appear each month pants in the tours attaches of the Iraq Petroleum Company, Field Museum News. Guide-lecturers' included, besides services for tours of ten whose Managing Director, Mr. John Skliros, special by parties visitors has rendered valuable assistance since 1927: Chicagoans, or more are available free of charge by from all sections of Dr. and Mrs. M. Don Clawson, Dr. A. arrangement with the Director a week in the United States the late Dr. F. R. S. and the advance. Bechara, Shaw, and and late Mr. T. H. Dekker. From Baghdad, Canada, even Euro- have been received from Dr. from specimens countries. Gifts to the Museum Walter P. Kennedy, of the Royal College of pean included busi- Medicine; the late Wing-Commander A. R. They Following is a list of some of the principal nBSS aUd M. Rickards; Mr. Austin Eastwood, and Daguerre Studio. Chicago pTOfeS- gifts received during the last month: Paul G. Dallwig, sional men and wo- two Assyrians, Yusuf Lazar and Philippus From A. V. Konsberg—a model outrigger canoe. the Layman Lecturer office Dinkha. ^en, workers, New Guinea; from Mrs. William B. Berger—2 Baby- university instructors, high school prin- lonian contracts; from Mrs. Edna Horn Mandel— From Arabia, Mr. H. St. J. Philby has spindle whorls and beads strung together, cipals, college students, world travelers, copper — sent an important collection of insects; he is and Peru; from Jardin Botanico de Hello Horizonte actors, professional lecturers, groups 400 plants, Brazil; from Dr. Earl E. Sherff—81 plants. now collecting reptiles and amphibians from from women's clubs, business men's associ- Hawaii; from Museo Nacional—155 plants, Costa Rica; Central Arabia. Professor Ernst Herzfeld, from Yiev. Brother Elias—50 from ations, and other organizations. plants, Colombia; Dr. of the Oriental Professor Bernardo Rosengurtt—62 plants, Uruguay; and Calvin W. McEwen, Mr. a of the Museum Dallwig, Member from B. A. Krukoff—161 plants, Ecuador; from Mrs. Institute, of have col- University Chicago, who rendered this service because of his Ynes Mexia—83 plants, South America; from Professor lected animals near and — Persepolis, Iran, interest in this institution and in the sciences J. Soukup—121 plants, Peru; from H. J. Dentzman Antioche, Syria. Mr. Lloyd Hamilton, of 11 wood specimens; from School of Forestry, Yale which it embraces, is an able and well —117 Dominican from the Standard Oil of California University plants, Republic; Company qualified speaker who has developed a Dr. J. R. Johnston—35 plants, Guatemala; from has asked the Institution of —37 (London office) company's unique dramatic style in presenting his Carnegie Washington plants, staff in to collect Yucatan; from Hermann C. Benke—220 plants. geological Arabia zoological lectures this season subjects. His covered United States; from John W. Jennings—a of specimens. Lord Cadman, chairman of the specimen prehistoric animals, prehistoric man, and slate, Arkansas; from Marquette Geologists' Associa- and Petroleum Oil Com- tion—17 and 6 marcasite Anglo-Iranian Iraq the living races of mankind. It is notable specimens glacial pebbles, panies, has expressed willingness to aid in concretions, Illinois; from Asphalt Shingle and Roofing that not a single person in any of the groups Institute—20 from Elmer S. the fauna of southwestern Asia. specimens asphalt roofing; collecting that Mr. Dallwig addressed left a lecture- Riggs—collection of 47 Upper Miocene mammals, Ne- from H. C. Dake—a of corundum Mr. Richard A. Martin, Curator of Near tour prior to its conclusion. His talks were braska; specimen to damourite, Wyoming; from William B. Eastern who Dr. out- changing Archaeology, accompanied frequently interrupted by spontaneous Pitts—plaque of 23 chiastolite sections, California; Field on the Anthropological Expedition to bursts of applause. from G. S. Doming—25 snakes, Illinois; from A. W. — from the Near East, 1934, assisted in collecting Mr. Dallwig will resume the Sunday Exline 6 crocodile skulls, Philippine Islands; John G. Shedd Aquarium—a Pirarucu fish, Brazil; and preparing zoological specimens. lecture-tours next when new sub- — October, from Chicago Zoological Society— 27 mammals and The Division of Mammals has received 308 jects will be announced. birds; from Dr. Orlando —Park 6 reptiles, Mexico; from from Miss Margaret Ennis 9 bats, a snake, and 36 specimens, Iraq, Syria, Arabia, Iran, lizards and toads, Honduras: from Paul McGrew— as a result of and England, Dr. Field's Chemists to Visit Museum 84 bats, 2 rats, and 36 lizards and snakes, Honduras; interest. The Division of Birds has received from Leon Mandel—a "mako" shark, Cuba; from of Chemists Historical and from Dr. Alexander 45 from and five from Aden. Members the Chicago Club Georgian Society specimens Iraq, De Sushko—valuable bool^ for the will be guests of Field Museum on June 18. Library. More than 1,500 specimens have been Mr. Henry W. Nichols, Chief Curator of received the Division of Reptiles and by Geology, will conduct them on a visit to them is a new and NEW MEMBERS Amphibians. Among the Museum laboratories, after which they distinct of extraordinarily species snake, will attend a luncheon in the Cafeteria. The following persons were elected to from the North Arabian or Syrian Desert, membership in Field Museum during the which has been given the name Pseudo- period from April 16 to May 16: cerastes fieldi, in recognition of Dr. Field's FOR THAT BOY, OR GIRL, Associate Members discovery of it. Dr. Field has obtained OF YOURS— E. F. Austin, William Arthur Chapin, Mrs. Paul S. turtles, salamanders, snakes, lizards, frogs, The Story of Earthquakes and Vol- Moyer, Mrs. Sidney S. Porter, Adolf Schmidt, W. D. and toads also from the Near East, various Steele, Emil F. Vacin. canoes, by Gaylord Johnson. of the United Scot- parts States, England, "An exceedingly interesting and in- Annual Members land, and France. formative volume," says Mr. Henry W. W. A. Baril, Armin Elmendorf, Miss Rose Gross- Martin Mrs. David W. The Division of Fishes has received one of Chief Curator of at feld, Mrs. Sara Grupe, Hall, Nichols, Geology Frank J. Frank L. Mrs. H. Durward the collections ever from Jr., Janda, King, largest brought Field Museum. "Although written Ludlow. Hugh Redmond. Iraq. This collection, with others from primarily for juvenile readers, the book Florida, Scotland, and England, makes a is well worth an adult's perusal." total of 937 specimens. Some of the regions This is one of the many splendid Ornate cag;es, and elaborate paraphernalia in Iraq in which Dr. Field collected fishes books especially selected for children, for the training of crickets, which are used had never been worked scientifically before, now on sale at the new FIELD by the Chinese for championship fights, and others had received little attention MUSEUM BOOK SHOP. $2. and also to supply "music" in the home, are since early in the nineteenth century. the subject of an exhibit in Hall 32. PRINTED BV FIELD MUSEUM f>RCSS FieldMS News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 JULY, 1938 No. 7

SU-LIN, RE-CREATED BY THE TAXIDERMIST'S ART, JOINS MUSEUM EXHIBITS By H. B. Hakte result that would meet with the Museum's As the first complete specimen of a Public Relations Counsel giant standards of scientific accuracy and artistic panda ever to reach scientific dissecting In all the history of zoos, museums, and preparation. It was first necessary to make tables, Su-Lin is making possible a distinct a death and other direct circuses, probably no animal ever received mask plaster molds contribution to zoological knowledge. The such extensive and prolonged public atten- from the carcass. With these as guides, a body, except for the removed skin, is under- tion as Su-Lin. The nearest approach was, framework skeleton and clay model of the going a thorough anatomical study which most likely, Barnum's elephant "Jumbo," but animal were made by sculptural methods, probably will not be completed for another he must now be considered a poor second in photographs taken during Su-Lin's life year or more. At the outset, a post-mortem fKjpularity. During Su-Lin's life the con- being used to obtain a suitable pose. From examination was made by pathologists of tinuous throngs of visitors at the Chicago the clay model new plaster molds were made, the medical schools of the University of Zoological Society's park at Brookfield, the and in these was built up a manikin of a Chicago and Northwestern University, and almost daily stories and pictures in the press, composite material consisting of several the cause of death was established as the frequent feature pro- pneumonia. The detailed grams on the radio, and the study of Su-Lin's anatomy many motion picture news- to complete the determina- reel "shots" all attested to tion of her proper place and the fact that she had made relationships in the world's the world "giant panda- fauna is now being conducted conscious." by Mr. D. Dwight Davis, Su-Lin's unfortunate Assistant Curator of Anat- death on April 1 actually omy and Osteology. When plunged thousands of Chi- he has finished his research, cagoans into as deep mourn- a monographic report will be ing as if a human friend had published by Field Museum died—a fact revealed by the Press for international dis- many letters and telephone tribution among zoologists, to calls to the Zoo, the news- whom the giant panda has papers, and Field Museum, hitherto presented an enigma. which followed her passing. Besides Su-Lin, the Mu- Now Su-Lin "lives" again. seum has on exhibition a By the magic and art of habitat group in William V. modern taxidermy she has Kelley Hall (Hall 17) show- been restored in a familiar, ing two full-grown giant playful pose such as captured pandas in a setting repro- the hearts of so many hun- ducing their natural envi- dreds of thousands of ad- ronment. The specimens mirers when she was the stel- were collected in 1928 by lar attraction of the Zoo. For Colonel Theodore Roosevelt the present she may be seen and Mr. Kermit Roosevelt as in Stanley Field Hall, where leaders of the Kelley-Roose- she has been placed tempo- velts Expedition to Asia. rarily as a special exhibit. Su-Lin was captured in After a few months the Szechwan, China, when she mounted Su-Lin will be per- was about six weeks old, by manently installed in a case an expedition headed by containing the principal re- Mrs. William H. Harkness, lated animals. of New York, who brought The miraculous realism her successfully from the and accuracy with which Su- other side of the world to Lin has, so to speak, been Chicago. The baby panda "brought back to life," is due was about four or five to the consummate skill months old when she arrived and The famous giant panda, late of the Brookfield Zoo, as she now appears in a special artistry of Staff Taxidermist exhibit in Stanley Field Hall. Presented to the Museum by the Chicago Zoological Society, at the Brookfield Zoo on was Staff Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht. C. J. Albrecht. Long before the specimen prepared by February 8, 1937. Alto- there was any idea that the gether, Chicago "scooped" much beloved animal was to become an layers of glued burlap, plaster and other the world on giant pandas, having had in the exhibit at Field Museum, Mr. Albrecht had materials. The various parts of this mani- Roosevelts' group at Field Museum the first spent many hours of his spare time in study- kin were fitted together, and the outside specimen ever shot by white hunters, in Su- ing her at the Zoo, and he is the maker of an plaster molds broken away. The manikin Lin the first one ever in captivity, and unusually complete and interesting motion was then shellacked, and the skin of Su-Lin again in Su-Lin the first complete specimen picture film showing her varied antics. Thus, mounted upon it. Other factors contri- every available for anatomical study. being thoroughly familiar with Su-Lin in buting to the unavoidable delay were the Su-Lin will be permanently installed, exhibition in life, he was the logical man of the staff to tanning, trimming and drying of the skin, after the current temporary perpetuate her living characteristics in a and the drying of clay, plaster casts, and Stanley Field Hall, in the Museum's Museum exhibit when the Brookfield Zoo manikin. Few people realize the intricacies systematic collection of mammals of the authorities generously presented her re- of the many steps, and the great length world, in Hall 15. With her will appear mains to this institution. Mr. Albrecht of time required, in the preparation of any such cousins as the small or ordinary panda, devoted the same meticulous care to the animal by the exacting methods employed an animal from the same general region of preparation of Su-Lin as he has in the past in modern taxidermy. Compared to the China as that whence come the giant pandas; to such elaborate habitat groups as the usual progress of such work, Su-Lin's the kinkajou and the coati of Central and African water-hole, sea-lions, and bongo. preparation was a "rush job." Museum South America; the common raccoon and the All of the time that has passed since taxidermy today is far distant from the old- ring-tailed bassarisk of North America, and Su-Lin's death was required to produce a fashioned technique of "stuffing" animals. the crab-eating coon of South America. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS July, 19S8

Field Museum of Natural History SEWELL AVERY SPONSORS expectation of obtaining many plants new to the Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 FOUR EXPEDITIONS country, and some that are quite un- Rooserelt Road and Field known to science. Drive, Chicago the of Mr. Sewell Through generosity All of these expeditions are being com- a Trustee of Field funds THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES Avery, Museum, pletely financed by the sponsor, Mr. Avery, have been provided for sending four expe- Sbwbll L. AvEatY Charles A. McCuixoch and will be known as the Siewell Avery ditions into the field 1938. Leopold E. Block William H. Mitchell during Expeditions of 1938. The Museum is William J. Chalmers George A. Richardson The first of these left Chicago on June 18 Roosevelt deeply indebted to Mr. Avery for making Albert B. Dick, Jr. Theodore to collect for use in Joseph N. Field Fred W. Sargent specimens physical geol- possible this much needed field work, which exhibits. Work is under in north- Marshall Field Jaues Simpson ogy way is expected to fill serious gaps in the collec- Solomon Stanley Field A. Smith ern Colorado, and later activities will be tions of each of the concerned. Albert W. Harris Albert A. Spragub Departments transferred to New York, Connecticut, Samuel Insull, Jr. Silas H. Strawn John P. Wilson Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and possibly Foundation to Present OFFICERS other eastern states. This expedition is Raymond conducted Mr. Sharat K. Stanley Field Preeident being by Roy, Summer Programs for Children Albert A. Sprague Firal Vice-Prexident Curator of Geology, and is a continuance of Beginning Thursday, July 7, and con- Jambs Simpson Second Vice-Preiideni the field work of this type in which he was Albert W. Harris Third Vice-President tinuing each Thursday morning up to and engaged last year. Mr. will collect Clifford C. Gregg Director and Secretary Roy the James Nelson and the of various including August 11, Solomon A. Smith. . .Treasurer and Assistant specimens illustrating work Secretary Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Pub- dynamic agents, such as wind, running lic School and Children's Lectures will pre- water, ice, volcanic activities, and FIELD MUSEUM NEWS moving sent a summer series of free motion other phenomena, and also structural picture Clifford C. Gregg, Director of the Museum. . . .Editor programs for children. These will be given geology specimens illustrating the nature, CONTRIBUTING EDITORS at 10 o'clock in the James Simpson Theatre properties, relations and positions of the S. Martin Curator of the Museum. In addition to educational Paul Chief of Anthropology component rock masses of the outer part B. E. Dahlgren Chief Curator of Botany films on natural history and other subjects, Henry W. Nichols Curator of the earth. Chief of Geology a special feature of most of these programs Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology On July 15, Mr. John R. Millar, Curator will be talking animated cartoons in color H. B. Harte Managing Editor of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension, by . No tickets are needed for will leave for Nova Scotia where he will admission, and children from all parts of Field Museum is open every day of the year (except make studies and collect material for the Christmas and New Year's Day) the hours Chicago and suburbs are invited. Enclosed during of (of whose staff he indicated below: Department Botany with this issue of Field Museum News was formerly a member). The prime object November, Decemt>er, January, February 9 A.M. to 4 P.M. is a program giving the titles of the films A.M. to P.M. is material for an exhibit representing the March, April, Septemlier, Octol>er 9 5 to be presented on each date. May, June, July, August 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. submerged vegetation of the northern At- lantic waters. to the extreme tidal Admission is tree to Members on all days. Other Owing adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and conditions prevailing in the Bay of Fundy, Leaflet on Chicago Birds Sundays; non-meml)ers pay 25 cents on other days. the difference between and low where high For the benefit of bird lovers, a leaflet, Children are admitted free on all days. Students and water levels reaches as much as it faculty members of educational institutions are admit* fifty feet, Haunts of Birds in the Chicago Region, has ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. is expected that this will prove to be an been prepared by the Chicago Ornithological • The Museum's natural history Library is open for exceptionally favorable locality for collect- Society, and published by Field Museum reference afternoon and daily except Saturday Sunday. ing the kelps and other marine plants it is Press. It provides a guide to recommended exhibits are Traveling circulated in the schools of proposed to show in one of the new ecological field the best localities for ob- the N. W. Harris Public trips, giving Chicago by School Extension in the Hall of Plant Life. Department of the Museum. groups serving birds, the kinds of birds which in Mr. Emmet R. the Lectures for schools, and special entertainments Early September, Blake, frequent each, and various routes for and tours for children at the Museum, are provided Assistant Curator of Birds, will sail for reaching them. Favorite spots within the by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond British Guiana. At Georgetown he will city, as well as suburban areas north, west Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. charter an airplane to take him and two and south, are covered. Accompanying Announcements of free illustrated lectures for the native assistants 600 miles inland to the each is a furnished the public, and special lectures for Members of the Museum, copy map, by Cook will appear in Field Museum News. headwaters of the Corentyne River, on the County Forest Preserve District, showing A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms southernmost boundary of the country, close the most interesting forest preserves. Infor- are provided for those bringing their lunches. to the frontiers of Dutch Guiana and north- mation in the leaflet was compiled by the Motor Ciiicago Coach Company No. 26 buses go ern Brazil. This region, entirely unin- Field Committee of the direct to the Museum. Ornithological habited human beings, is almost totally of Mr. Karl E. Bartel is Members are requested to inform the Museum by Society, which promptly of changes of address. inaccessible except by air. At certain chairman. Copies are available at 15 cents seasons it may be reached by river travel each in The Book Shop of Field Museum. MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM with special boats manned by large crews. The water about five Field Museum has several classes of Members. trip, however, requires The Indian Rhinoceros Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- weeks, whereas by airplane it may be made tors or devise give $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members in four hours. The area has never been One of the outstanding habitat groups in give $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members from a Hall is that of pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. worked before biological standpoint, William V. Kelley (Hall 17) All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining and Mr. Blake will seek a representative the Indian rhinoceros. Specimens for the Members contribute $25 After six annually. years they collection of its vertebrates, including birds, of this were collected become Associate Members. Annual Memiwrs con- preparation group fishes. tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- mammals, reptiles and The airplane by Colonel and Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions will return to its coastal base leaving Mr. and Mr. and Mrs. Kermit Roosevelt, on under these classifications being made by special action Blake out of contact with the out- the Asiatic of the Board of Trustees. entirely James Simpson-Roosevelts side world for about four of 1925-26. The of the Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free months, except Expedition larger admission to the Museum for himself, his family and for one or two return flights to deliver two animals was shot by Mrs. Kermit house and to two guests, reserved seats for Museum supplies. Roosevelt. lectures provided for Members. to Field Subscription botanical to Guatemala will The animals in the amid Museum News is included with all memberships. The A expedition group appear courtesies of every museum of note in the United be conducted by Mr. Paul C. Standley, a reproduction of their natural environment, States and Canada are extended to all Members of Curator of the Herbarium, who will leave one of them standing in swamp mud. Field Museum. A Member may give his card personal about the of November. Around them rises the to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of Chicago beginning high grass typical which they will be admitted to the iluseum without It is planned to spend approximately five of the country, and the backgroimd gives charge. Further information about memberships will months in the field, gathering herbarium an effect of the swampy plains in the Pro- be sent on request. material, for use in preparation of a flora of vince of Nepal, stretching off for many miles. BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS Guatemala, similar to that of Costa Rica The Indian rhinoceros differs from those which is now in course of of Africa which the so-called "white" Bequests to Field Museum of Natural publication. (of be History may made in securities, money, books or collections. Guatemala's vegetation is more varied in species is shown in Akeley Memorial Hall) They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to type than that of any other Central Ameri- in having only one horn, and in having its a person or cause, named by the giver. can country, although not so rich in species thick skin divided into great shields by deep Contributions made within the taxable year not as of Rica. It includes folds. horn is in both exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are that Costa alpine The present sexes, allowable as deductions in computing net income for meadows, mountain forests of fir and pine, and is relatively small, usually not more federal income tax purposes. much rain forest where orchids and other than twelve inches in length. While the Endowments may be made to the Museum with the that abound, and an extensive cactus animals are usually comparatively inoffen- provision an annuity be paid to the for life. epiphytes These patron annuities are guaranteed against fiuctuation in desert. It is planned to visit as many as sive, they will sometimes charge furiously amount, and reduce may federal income taxes. possible of these distinct regions, with the if harassed. July, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page S

MAN'S OLDEST "LIVING ANCESTOR" the trays and runners for all these cases can THE FRILLED SHARK By D. DwiGHT Davis be built, the collections will be moved and By Alfred C. Weed Assistant Curator of Anatomy and Osteology rearranged. Curator of Fishes The length of this storage hall is 280 feet A group of squirrel-like mammals living fishermen to light and the mezzanine is 13J-^ feet wide. The Japanese bring many in has attracted the attention creatures when set their Malaysia long construction and the cases are all of steel strange they long of students of man's ancestry. These ani- lines at of two thousand feet or more and represent the best type of storage depths mals, the treeshrews, are squirrel-like only where the great oceanic current, flowing to in general appearance, for examination of the northeast, comes close to the shores of their teeth shows that they really are their islands. Sharks of many kinds, ghost- Insectivores, related to moles, shrews, and fishes, strange eels, and other odd fishes are hedgehogs. When anatomists studied their caught on these lines. structure it became that carefully, apparent One of the strangest of these creatures is an ancient of they represent group "living that which the Japanese fishermen call by fossils" that has survived un- relatively names that mean silk-shark, because of the down to the seem changed present. They unusual silky smoothness of the skin with to the root of the represent primate line, its covering of shagreen, or lizard-shark and in a limited sense are the oldest they because of the peculiar shape of the mouth relatives of the human race. living with its rows of strange teeth. In English Some types of treeshrews have advanced it is usually called frilled shark, referring to farther than others, however, and so have the peculiar collar about its throat, formed become less like the original great-grand- by the flap over the first gill-opening. father generations removed) of the (many A specimen of this species of shark, human race. For it was believed many years about five feet was recently presented that the rare treeshrew had long, pen-tailed to the Museum by Professor H. W. Norris, changed least, and so it had the distinction of Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa. It is of being considered man's oldest living hoped that it may be used in preparing a relative. Last on his around the year, trip for exhibition in the series of Dr. Wilfred H. reproduction world, however. Osgood, mounted fishes. Chief Curator of Zoology, collected speci- it to be mens of another treeshrew in French Indo- Although its structure shows a this fish looks more like a thick- China. This rare animal, the pigmy tree- shark, bodied eel in its form. It is as shrew (Dendrogale), had been known only general quite slender as some of the that from conventional museum study skins until great morays be seen at the John G. Shedd Dr. Osgood brought back a skeleton and may Aquarium. Its mouth is at the end of the head, instead a complete specimen preserved in liquid. of as one to find it in a of this material has now been com- I'hotopraph by De Lacy, Chicago underneath, expects Study shark. The are so that the mouth with the result that has Solution to Pressing Problem jaws long pleted, Dendrogale of the head. lined with tiie most modern opens the whole length usurped the pen-tailed treeshrew's position, A new mezzanine, type of steel cases, iias been erected on the fourth held for so as the oldest extant storage The teeth are in rows across the jaws. many years, floor of the Museum. Part of this is shown in the Each of them has three as precursor of humanity, because Dendrogale accompanying photograph. The Department of Zo- sharp points like the was found to be even less specialized. ology estimates that this will meet its needs for storage slender as needles, and curved fangs facilities during at least the next ten years. of a Under the skin are The results of this anatomical study are serpent. they braced roots. The roots of each incorporated in a paper recently issued in to be found in any museum in by long equipment tooth extend back under the next one in the the Museum's technical series. A skeleton the world. With the additions just installed row so that it cannot be tipped over or of a treeshrew is exhibited in the case of the total number of storage cases on the loose the struggles of a captive. insectivore skeletons in Hall 19. fourth floor is now 249. —CCS. pulled by These rows of teeth and the peculiar shape of the jaws make the head of this shark look PRESIDENT FIELD PROVIDES A GEOLOGICAL MYSTERY very much like that of a lizard-fish. NEW STORAGE EQUIPMENT By Henry W. Nichols The frilled shark has very large fins, set Chief Curator, Department of Geology far back, and an exceedingly flexible body. In a large and growing museum the Among the greater geological mysteries of It can turn as easily as an eel to seize an provision of space and equipment for the world are tectites—nodules and frag- active fish that may try to dodge. The storage is an ever present problem. The ments of natural glass scattered abundantly sharp teeth prevent the victim's escape. Divisions of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles over certain limited areas of the earth's sur- In most sharks the are have been seeking a solution to their storage gill openings face. It is not known where they came from slits with one free that acts as a difficulties for some years. The situation simply edge or how they were made. They are found in valve to water from in the was partly alleviated by making the two prevent moving Czechoslovakia, Indo-China, Australia and direction when the fish breathes. The third-floor storage rooms used for mammals wrong neighboring islands, the Dutch East Indies, these and birds into one, and by increasing frilled shark has flaps strengthened by the Philippines, the Ivory Coast of Africa, the size of the cases. The west side of rods of cartilage. The first flap extends and the Libyan Desert. the fourth floor has been used for the entirely around the "neck," except for a Tectites are siliceous glasses much like storage of large mammal skulls for some narrow space on the back. It is so wide the volcanic glass, obsidian. They have been An additional row of steel cases on that it covers the second one and seems to years. melted and their shapes indicate that they this floor gave temporary relief for the form a ruflUe or frill just behind the head. were cooled while whirling in the air. Pe- storage of the rapidly growing reptile col- been culiar etched patterns which appear on the Most specimens of this shark have lection. surfaces present another puzzling feature caught near the southeast coast of Japan, the of President Through generosity which geologists have been unable to inter- but a few have been taken as far away as Field the has been Stanley problem recently pret. Most tectites are black, like most Madeira and the coast of Norway. solved a very adequately by building volcanic glass, but those from Moravia in on the west side of mezzanine the fourth Czechoslovakia, and those from the Libyan floor. The skull cases have been Edith Adams Honored storage Desert, are clear glass suitable for gems. Mrs. Almy on this mezzanine, and two placed larger Many ingenious theories have been pro- In recognition of her generous bequest, cases have been added at each end. pounded to account for tectites, but there amounting to more than $30,000 in value, The under the mezzanine has been space seem to be insuperable objections to all of the Board of Trustees of Field Museum has with 100 taller cases. These are equipped them. Unable to account for their origin elected Mrs. Edith Alray to be used for of posthumously mainly storage mammals, by any terrestrial process, many geologists Adams as a Contributor to the Museum birds and shells, and will allow expansion have concluded that they are meteorites. (Contributors are those whose gifts to of the collections without crowding for at to a meteoritic however, Objections origin, the Museum range between $1,000 and least ten normal years. are fully as grave as those adduced against a $100,000). On the east wall of the west side of the terrestrial source, and the nature and origin fourth floor nineteen additional cases have of the tectites remain a mystery. A collec- of been installed for the future growth of the tion of these curious little objects has been Practically the entire field petroleum is illustrated a collec- reptile and amphibian collections, filling a placed with the meteorite collection in products by synoptic long felt need in that Division. As soon as Hall 34. tion in Hall 36. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS July, 19S8

BEEHIVES IN AFRICA and Children's Lectures. She replaces Miss GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS Velma D. who has resigned to jBy Wilfrid D. Hahbly Whipple During July and August conducted tours accept a position as school teacher. Miss Curator of African Ethnology of the exhibits, under the guidance of staff Hambleton, as Associate in Southwestern The keeping of bees is a common custom lecturers, will be given on a special schedule, Archaeology in the Department of Anthro- Negro tribes of Africa. Two of as follows: among pology, has been a volunteer worker at the their types of hives are displayed in Field 11 Plant Life Museum for several months past. Mondays: A.H., Exhibits; 3 P.M. Museum collections. One in Hall E General Tour of Exhibition Halls. (Case Mr. Loren P. Woods, of the Graduate 30-A), made by the Akikuyu, is a long Tuesdays: 1 1 A.H., Halls of Primitive and Civilized School of Zoology at Northwestern Uni- 3 General Tour of Exhibition cylinder of smooth brown wood decorated Peoples; P.M., Halls. versity, has been given a temporary appoint- 11 Animal 3 with burnt designs. This is a common Wednesdays: A.M., Groups; P.M., ment for the summer months as a guide- General Tour of Exhibition Halls. form used in northeast Africa. Another lecturer on the Raymond Foundation staff. Thursdays: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours of type, of about the same size but of rougher Exhibition Halls. from a of bark workmanship, made cylinder Fridays: 11 A.M., Minerals and Prehistoric Life; feet and ten inches in diam- 3 P.M., General Totu- of Exhibition Halls. about four long THINGS YOU MAY HAVE MISSED is shown in Hall D (Case 7). This form eter, There are no tours'given on Saturdays or is in use central and general throughout Sundays, or on July Fourth. eastern Angola, among the Ovimbundu and Music from the Clouds Persons wishing to participate in the tours the Vachokwe tribes. The technique is A pleasing conceit of the Chinese is to should apply at the North Entrance. The sometimes varied by binding the hive neatly of so that fasten whistles to the tails pigeons tours are free, and no gratuities are to be with coarse grass. a beautiful humming music floats down from preferred. Guide-lecturer's services for Hives are owned, but they individually the birds flying overhead. The whistles special tours by parties of ten or more are are not at the homes of the kept possessors. have two or more pipes, tuned in harmony, available free of charge by arrangement with his hives at a considerable Each owner places which produce a vibrant chord as the pigeons the Director a week in advance. trees forest height in the branches of in the whirl in the sky. Sitting in a garden or near his home, and he is entitled to the bees that swarm in them, and to the honey Gifts to the Museum deposited. Following is a list of some of the principal In order to collect the honey the Ovim- gifts received during the last month: a fire at the of the bundu light smoky base From Henry Field —a large sarcophagus, a carved tree, and a climber ascends the trunk and marble bath, a marble basin with stand, 2 marble and 4 bird and from John T. lowers the hive with a rope made of bark. capitals, skins, Italy Iraq; McCutcheon—a Peruvian jar and a porcupine fish; The hive is suspended over the smoke until from Mrs. Edna Horn Mandel—2 ceramic statues of the bees are driven out or suffocated, then Yama, the god of death, China; from Mrs, Arthur Meeker—a necklace of two made of coral one end of the hive is removed and the honey strands, up and silver coins, Guatemala; from Miss Helen R. is extracted. tribes themselves Some rub Gilbert—a piece of painted cloth, Bali; from Jardim with a vegetable juice that is supposed to Botapico de Bello Horizonte—208 herbarium specimens. from Museo Nacional —59 of from stings. Brazil; specimens mosses, give immunity Costa Rica; from Rev. Brother Ellas —75 herbarium The honey may be eaten with the vegeta- specimens, Colombia; from Howard Scott Gentry — ble manioc, or it may be used in the fermen- 36 herbarium specimens, Mexico; from Irving W. Knobloch—50 herbarium Mexico; from tation of beer. The liquor made in this specimens, way Mrs. Keith Griswold —9 specimens graphic granite. from maize is potent, and in the words of North Carolina; from Hugh S. Spence—3 specimens an informant, "a man who drinks beer asterism in phlogopite, Canada; from F. C. Cleveland Musical —a specimen calymene niagarensis, Chicago area; from made with on the all Pigeon honey may sleep ground Fred E. Gray —a fossil area; from Long before radio filled the ether, the Chinese cephalopod, Chicago next and say nothing." In wax —7 mammals and 3 birds; day Angola, enjoyed music from the air by attaching melodious Chicago Zoological Society from Dr. Julian A. —8 and is made into balls and carried to the stores wliistles to the tails of hundreds of pigeons in the Steyermark snakes, lizards, turtles. Missouri; from Colorado Museum of Natural of traders. Before came manner illustrated by the above specimen which is on European money History—2 downy golden eagles, Colorado: from C. use these balls were used as exhibition in Hall 32 of the Museum. — into currency M. Barber 7 snakes, turtles, and lizards, and— 17 during long caravan journeys. lizard eggs, Arkansas; from Dr. Harold Nelson 21 riding through the streets of Peiping one bats, Egypt; from H. B. Conover— 10 duck skins, Chile; hears these aerial concerts mingled with the from David Guatafson, from Antonio Serrano, and from the Ryerson Estate—valuable books for the STAFF NOTES calls and sounds of street vendors. Library. Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant A collection of pigeon whistles made from Curator of the Herbarium, has been awarded reeds and small gourds, with from two to NEW MEMBERS a grant from the Academy of Sciences of eight pipes, is on exhibition in Hall 32, Case The following persons were elected to St. Louis, through the research fund of the 45, together with a mounted pigeon outfitted in Field Museum the American Association for the Advancement with a simple whistle. Pigeon fanciers in membership during period from 16 to June 15: of Science. This grant is to be used in con- America might find enjoyment in adopting May nection with detailed field work and studies this quaint custom, of which a more detailed Contributors the late Dr. Berthold on the flora of Missouri, in preparation of a account, by Laufer, Mrs. Edith Almy Adams* manual. Dr. Steyermark recently returned appeared in Field Museum News, Septem- — Life Members from his second collecting trip of the season ber, 1934. C.M.W. Charles A. McCulloch in Missouri. In addition to collecting a For Visitors thousand specimens of plants for the Museum Wheel Chairs Museum Associate Members herbarium, he brought back also a number For the benefit of persons either tempo- Mrs. Louis Eckstein, Mrs. William Dodge Home, Arthur W. Nelson, William Wager. of reptiles and fishes, and a giant centipede rarily or permanently disabled. Field Mu- Jr., for the collections of the Department of Zool- seum has provided a number of wheel chairs Annual Members ogy. On his first trip this season he had which are available for a small fee. Visitors Henry W. Balfanz, Mra. Henry G. Barkhausen, collected another thousand plant specimens. planning to use them must furnish their Mrs. Louise T. Biggio, Mra. J. R. Cardwell, Harold T. Dr. E. own attendants. E. Cuttle, Guy G. Fox, J. Gillick, Henry Irish, Melville Keim, Mrs. William H. Lyon, Charles Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, Curator of Birds, B. Nolte, Miss Myrtle Schuiz, Dr. Leslie W. Schwab, was the principal speaker at the annual Roger A. Simonson, F. W. Sundlof, Mrs. Charles Ware, Miss Velma D. of the Audubon YOU SHOULD READ— Ira E. Weatbrook, Whipple. meeting Michigan Society *0«ceaa«d held last month at the Cranbrook Institute Tke Life Story of the Fish, by Brian of Science, Bloomfield Hills. He on spoke Curtis. Visitors "Habits of West African his Distinguished Birds," basing "So far to any other book lecture on data assembled on his African superior Among recent distinguished visitors re- on fishes that I have seen in many years expeditions. Mr. Boulton also made some ceived at Field Museum are Dr. C. G. that it is difficult to avoid being too studies at the Museum of of the Seligman, retired professor of ethnology of Zoology enthusiastic about Mr. Alfred of at Ann Arbor it," says the University of London, and Mrs. (B. Z.) University Michigan during C. Curator of Fishes at Field the course of the same Weed, who has collaborated with her trip. Museum. Seligman husband on his many researches and Miss Elizabeth McM. Hambleton has This is one of the many outstanding scientific publications; Dr. Hannah Rydh, sale at the new been appointed a guide-lecturer on the staff books on FIELD MU- archaeologist of Upsala University, Sweden, of the James Nelson and Anna Louise SEUM BOOK SHOP. $3. and Miss Anna Rothmann, of the Albany Raymond Foundation for Public School Museum in Grahamstown, South Africa. pniNTCS BY FIELD MUSCUM PRCS* FieldMi News Piiblished Monthly by Field Mvseum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 AUGUST, 1938 No. 8

STORKS NESTING ON ROOF IN POLISH VILLAGE SHOWN IN NEW HABITAT GROUP By RUDYERD BOULTON golden half-disk on the horizon, casts a rosy Perhaps the best known legend about storks Curator of Birds glow over the scene. Although no people are is the one that is told to little children The Darwinian principle of Natural Selec- about because of the early hour, wisps of regarding the arrival of human babies. The tion is believed to be responsible for a great smoke from the cottage chimneys forecast origin of this story is shrouded in the mists of deal of the differentiation of animals into the day's activity. In the distant background early history, but even in countries like their respective species, genera, families, and are meadows and fields of grain, for in this England and the United States, where storks so forth. The individuals best adapted to a part of Poland the farmers of a district gather do not occur, it is the time-honored explana- particular environment are likely to survive together in little communities, the cottages tion of additions to a family. Another because of their advantage over the misfits. being placed close together for companion- widespread story is that storks hold court Within historic times only a very few cases ship, while the tilled fields surround the and pass judgment on the actions of members are known in which of the stork commu- the basic principle of nity, punishing and Natural Selection has even executing in- been reversed. Where dividuals who do not this does occur, an i conform to standards animal deliberately of stork morality. selects a new artificial Were it not for the uni- environment, instead versal and widespread of remaining in its interest in storks they original one, thereby undoubtedly never avoiding slow extinc- would have deserted tion due to the restric- their natural nesting tion and shrinkage of sites on cliffs and trees the conditions under to adopt the habita- which it evolved. tions of human beings. The white stork of Now having done that, Europe and Asia is one they are practically of the outstanding dependent on humans birds in which this in- for their existence, and teresting situation is a sudden change of shown to good advan- popular opinion would tage. A habitat group work a great hardship of these birds has re- on them. cently been opened in In the United States Field Museum (Hall three species of birds 20). It is the gift of have adopted the ways the Polish-American of humans, as storks Chamber of Commerce have in Europe. Curi- of Warsaw, Poland, ously enough, they are and was made possible all birds that gather through the cordial co- their food from the air Storks in Roof Home operation of the Polish European Top and rarely descend to New habitat in the Hall of Birds scene in a Polish stork and the Consul-General in group showing village. The specimens nest, the ground. The together with the actual roof top on which it was built, are a gift to the Museum from the Polish-American Chamber Chicago, Dr. Waclaw of Commerce in Warsaw. The birds were prepared by Staff Taxidermist John W. Moyer, and the background chimney swift for- Gawronski, and Pro- was painted by Mr. Arthur G. Hueckert. merly nested in hollow fessor Jerzy Bojanow- trees, but nowadays it ski, an official of the Consulate. village. At one side of a winding road is a is an event to find one in such a natural The group shows a scene at sunrise in a shrine, without which no Polish village would situation, for they almost always nest in little rural community near Krzemieniec, be complete. unused chimneys or deserted barns. Like- southeastern Poland. In the foreground is For centuries the stork has been celebrated wise, the barn swallow now normally nests the thatched roof top of a cottage supporting in song, story and legend in Europe. As a on the beams and rafters of barns or in boat a stork's nest containing two young storks. result, storks are universally protected, not houses, while the purple martin, more com- One of the parents stands on the nest offering only by laws, but by tradition and popular mon in urban communities than in the a frog to the youngsters. The other parent opinion. It is regarded as a good omen country, nests almost exclusively in "cot- solemnly stands near-by—sentinel-like. In throughout central Europe to have a stork's tages" and "castles" especially built for it the painted background are a number of nest on one's house. In many communities by interested persons. cottages, one of which supports an additional the householders go to the extent of placing The taxidermy and accessories of the stork stork's nest, and a church of the Greek an old wagon-wheel on the roof, hoping to group are by Staff Taxidermist John W. Orthodox faith with its characteristic steeple attract the storks by providing a firm foun- Moyer, assisted by Mr. John La Bonte. The and Byzantine cupola. The rising sun, a dation for a nest. background is by Mr. Arthur G. Rueckert.

EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SKULL parts, rather than by complicating the in a lower or higher classification—birds, structure. Some of man's fish-like for have fewer bones in their The component parts of a human skull, early example, now extinct and known skulls than has. The in numbering 20 bones, are compared with ancestors, only by man tendency their fossil had as as 160 has been toward structural those of a codfish, numbering 68, in a new remains, many general, however, bones in their states Mr. D. of the skull as evolution exhibit pertaining to evolution, installed in skulls, Dwight simplification Assistant Curator of Vertebrate Hall 19 of the Department of Zoology. Davis, progresses. The two skulls have been disarticulated, Skeletons, who was responsible for prepara- Also shown in the exhibit are the skulls of or separated into all their parts, and mounted tion of the new exhibit. The number has a frog (31 bones), a lizard (52 bones), a bird on screens, side by side. Thus is graphically been slowly reduced through the ages, (11 bones), and a muskrat (34 bones). In illustrated the fact that, in animal bodies, as although not always with complete con- preparation are further exhibits illustrating in well-designed machinery, efficiency is sistency. The reduction is not necessarily other phases in the history of the develop- often increased by reducing the number of greatest according to whether an animal is ment of the human skull. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS August, 1938

Field Museum of Natural History Crown Prince of Sweden Visits Children's Programs Continue Founded by Marshall Field. 1893 Field Museum The summer series of free programs of Roosevelt Road and Field motion sound Drive, Chicago On His pictures (with effects), pro- Saturday noon, July 16, Royal vided by the James Nelson and Anna Highness, Crown I'rince Gustaf Adolf, THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES Louise Raymond Foundation for Public accompanied by his official party and Mayor Sbwell L. Avery Charles A. McCulloch School and Children's Lectures, will con- LsopoLD E. Block William H. Mitchell Edward J. Kelly, made a brief visit to tinue in August with two presentations. William J. Chalmers George A. Richarpson Field Museum. The Crown Prince, himself Albert B. Jr. Theodore Roosevelt On Thursday morning, August 4, at 10 Dick, an archaeologist, was conducted by the Joseph N. Field Fred W. Sargent o'clock, the films to be shown will be "Old Director the Hall of the Races of Marshall Field James Simpson through Cole" cartoon in color Field Solomon A. Smith and the Hall of the of King (animated by Stanley Mankind Stone Age Walt "The Great Raccoon Albert W. Harris Albert A. Spragub the Old World. Disney), Hunt," Samuel Insull, Jr. Silas H. Strawn "Songs of the Hills," and "Let 'er Buck." P. WiiaoN The of official and the John pressure receptions At the same hour, on Thursday, August 11, fact that the Crown Prince had con- OFFICERS spent the pictures will be "King Neptune" siderable time at Field Museum on his last Stanley Field Pretident (Disney cartoon), "Robinson Crusoe," and First Vice-President visit to the inclusion of Albert A. Spragub Chicago prevented "Brock, the Badger." These entertain- Jambs Simpson Second Vice-Prendeni Field Museum in the official itinerary of the Albert W. Harris Third Vice-President ments will be given in the James Simpson visit. It became on short Clifford C. Greog Director and Secretary present possible Theatre. Children from all parts of Chicago Solomon A. SinTH . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary notice, however, for the Crown Prince to and suburbs are invited. No tickets are make a visit to this of fleeting institution, necessary for admission. FIELD MUSEUM NEWS which he is an Honorary Member, in order to see the exhibits in the two halls visited. Clifford C. Gregg, Director of the Museum. . . .Editor WARRIORS OF EAST AFRICA The Crown Prince expressed himself as CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Wilfrid D. Hambly being delighted with the bronzes of Malvina By Paul S. Martin Chief Curator of Anthropology Hoffman and with the methods used in the Curator of African Ethnology B. E. Dahlgren Chief Curator of Botany Henry W. Nichols Chief Curator of Geology explanation and display of prehistoric human Probably most people would name the Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology culture. Zulu as the greatest fighters of Africa. H. B. Hartb Managing Editor Undoubtedly their organization was efficient MAN AND THE MAMMOTH and their methods were ruthless. But in the Field Museum is open every day of the year (except By Henry Field northeast of the continent live the Masai, and New Year's Day) during: the hours Christmas Curator of Physical Anthropology who for and were Indicated below: courage military prowess to the Zulu. The two armies November, December, January, February 9 A.M. to 4 P.M. The mammoth (Elephas primigeniiis), equal great have clashed and so the matter March, April, September, October 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. which roamed over Europe in Pleistocene might put May, June, July, August 9 A.M. to 6 p.m. of to the but British times, became extinct more than a hundred military efficiency test, and German influence such a Admission is free to Members on all dajrs. Other centuries before the birth of Christ. Pre- prevented adults are admitted free on marathon. Thursdays, Saturdays and historic man hunted and trapped this huge Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. In Hall E (Case 27-A) are accoutrements, Children are admitted free on all Students and animal for food, made beads of his ivory days. and of the faculty members of educational institutions are admit- tusks, and tools of his long bones. On personal ornaments, samples ted free any day upon of credentials. arts and handicrafts of the Masai and the presentation smooth pieces of bone, too, he engraved with The Museum's natural is for These history Library open tools of flint of near-by Akikuyu. tribes, differing reference afternoon and symbolic drawings magical daily except Saturday Sunday. physically, culturally, and linguistically, exhibits and religious significance. Traveling are circulated in the schools of have been great rivals. The Masai are a Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension The mammoth was almost thirteen feet mixture of Hamitic and Negro elements. Department of the Museum. tall at the shoulder and was covered with Lectures for and Hamites entered Africa many centuries ago schools, special entertainments long, reddish-brown hair. Enormous, curved and tours for children at the Museum, are provided and imposed themselves on the Negro tribes the James Nelson tusks protruded from his jaws. Like by and Anna lx)uise Raymond with whom they mingled as social superiors. Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. Nebuchadnezzar, he was herbivorous, but The Hamites are fighters, they disdain Announcements of free illustrated lectures for the unlike the temperamental old king, he made and settled agricultural pursuits, regard vegeta- public, special lectures for Members of the Museum, a habit of grass-eating—with him it was not will appear in Field Museum News. ble food as unclean, and live on the milk of merely the momentary demonstration of a A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms their cattle. Cattle are the center of their fit of are for those their lunches. anger. provided bringing social and religious life, and the animals are In 1611 Josias to London Chicago Motor Coach Company No. 26 buses go Logan brought never slaughtered for food, though they may direct to the Museum. an tusk obtained "elephant" by Samoyeds be sacrificed and eaten as part of a religious Members are requested to inform the Museum near the Petchora River in Arctic Russia. promptly of changes of address. rite. In 1644 Mikhail Staduschin verified reports Like the Zulu warriors, all Masai males that in northeastern Siberia islands MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM "large served in the army from early boyhood to rich in great elephant bones" existed. Since Field Museum has several classes of Members. the age of forty. They lived in bachelors' that time mammoth has been a Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- ivory profit- camps, and had to remain unmarried, though tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members able article of commerce, the world market girl companions were customary, and a give $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members being in London. In 1901 the Beresovka pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members retired warrior usually married the com- pay $50. mammoth was carried on to All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining twenty sledges of his youth. Members panion contribute $25 annually. After six years they the Museum of the Academy of Sciences in In Field Hall are bronze become Associate Members. Stanley sculp- Annual Members con- Petrograd. During the past decade new tribute $10 annually. Other are tures, by Carl E. Akeley, of Nandi lion memberships Corpo- have been found in Soviet rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions mammoths hunters in action. The Nandi are closely under these classifications are in being made by special action Arctic territory, and plans now prog- akin to the Masai in and of the Board of Trustees. race, language, ress to salvage parts of these animals for custom. The are lion Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free Masai, too, great study. Preserved for tens of thousands of admission to the Museum for himself, his family and hunters, and the successful men show their beneath the frozen bodies of house guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum years tundra, by wearing a lion mane headdress. lectures for Members. prowess provided Subscription to Field mammoths were exposed by unusual thaws, wear ostrich feathers as a Museum News is included all Warriors large with memberships. The and the meat was eaten ravenous courtesies of every museum of note in the United by dogs. head decoration, and they carry exception- States and Canada are extended to all who northeastern Members o( Basset Digby, explored ally fine spears. Field Museum. Member A may give his personal card has written an account of social to non-residents of Siberia, exciting An important feature of the organi- Chicago, upon presentation of there. which they will be admitted to the Museum without mammoth-hunting zation of the Masai is their division into age- Further charge. information about memberships will According to the Tungus witch-doctors, grades. Passage from one grade to another be sent on request. the mammoth still exists and is a giant, is ceremonially made at regular intervals. BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS burrowing rat, whose death is certain the Young boys of the first age-grade subdivide moment he sees the sun. Other Siberian themselves into called "fires." The Bequests to Field Museum of Natural groups History may natives believe that are caused of units call them- be made in securities, money, books or collections. earthquakes members these juvenile They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to by these gigantic "rats" tunneling at high selves by some animal name such as "ele- a or named person cause, by the giver. speed just below the surface of the ground. phants" or "buffaloes." The most im- Contributions made within the taxable not year exhibition in the Hall of the Stone are those for warriors, who exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are On Age portant grades allowable as deductions in computing net income for of the Old World (Hall C) at Field Museum are subdivided into units that are distin- federal income tax purposes. are carvings on mammoth ivory, necklaces guished by shields of different colors. At Endowments may be made to the Museum with the of mammoth ivory beads, and a superb the conclusion of military service an elabo- provision that an annuity be paid to the for life. patron transfers the to the These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in pair of mammoth tusks, from the Lena rate ceremony fighters amount, and may reduce federal income taxes. River, Siberia. grade of tribal councilors. August, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page S

NIPA PALM pagos Islands, for example, the bony shell is largely by sucking the breath in, as well as reduced almost to paper thinness, though by blowing, it causes inflammation of the An exhibit of the fruit and fruiting stem as well as ever. In bronchial tubes and diseases of the of the feather-leaved nipa palm, which grows superficially developed lungs, continental land turtles the shell is and it is said that no habitual ever in brackish swamps of the East Indies and phenom- player enally thick and strong. lives longer than forty years. This is a other Oriental tropics, has been added to In the American of serious matter indeed to the to the economic botany exhibits in Hall 25. typically family Chinese, however, the familiar whom longevity is one of the fundamental Nipa swamps probably constitute the snapping turtles, military axiom that offense is the best ideals in life and religion. world's largest potential source of cheap defense has been adopted, and with it has The harmonium, or small organ with free alcohol, according to Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, gone enlargement of the limbs and tail, reeds but without pipes, was the first occi- Chief Curator of Botany. A single acre is powerful jaws, and active habits, and above dental development from this instrument. said to yield about 1,000 gallons. From the all an aggressive disposition. Instead of The principle of the free reed became widely cut flower stems are obtained large quanti- withdrawing into his shell, the snapping known in Europe through the introduction ties of sugary sap, which is readily fermented. turtle at an of the Chinese reed at the end of the The leaves are used by the natives for squares away approaching organ and at him so as he eighteenth century. thatching roofs of their huts. enemy, lunges violently comes within that the turtle lose The information herein offered is based on Nipa palms form solid stands inside the range may his balance and fall forward. The notes of the late Dr. Berthold Laufer, who mangrove belt in the swamps where they enlarge- ment of the soft has been somewhat at obtained the Museum's collection of these grow. Apparently stemless, the nipa parts the expense of the lower shell, and complete instruments in China in the course of one emerges from an underground creeping stem retraction of the limbs and head is no longer of his expeditions. or rootstock, from which the large feathery possible. It is especially clear in this case leaves and fertile shoots originate. that the characters are to The specimen from which the Museum's psychic subject evolution in the same as is the body. THINGS YOU MAY NAVE MISSED exhibited reproduction was prepared came, way the turtle family not from its native habitat, but from South Although snapping includes three forms—the America, where a number have been trans- essentially only Tea Bush widespread common snapping turtle, the planted. It was collected by Dr. Dahlgren The leaves used in making tea are derived giant snapper of the lower Mississippi, and a while leading the Stanley Field Botanical from an evergreen shrub or small tree (Thea relative in far-off New Guinea—the success Expedition to Guiana some years ago. sinensis) native to Asia. It has been grown of our in the face of civiliza- common snapper in China since very ancient times, but its tion is notable. of extermination PACIFISM AND MILITARISM Campaigns cultivation on a large scale in India, Ceylon, commissions on account of AMONG TURTLES waged by game Malaya, and Formosa dates only to about its destruction of fish and water fowl do not the of the nineteenth In Karl P. Schmidt middle century. By affected its yet appear to have numbers. the United States it has been to a Curator of Reptiles grown its invest- Perhaps, after all, evolutionary limited extent for beverage purposes in In contrast with their attitude toward ment in offensive was worth while. weapons South Carolina, and is still grown there as most of the major groups of amphibians and and of Opposing developments tempers an ornamental plant because of its glossy reptiles, few people look with aversion on and militarism in our own race pacifism foliage and white flowers. turtles. It does not excite great surprise to might be compared with the two opposing find them kept as children's pets, and various trends of evolution in these ancient and turtles are regularly eaten in civilized remote relatives of ours. No timely lesson countries. Even English-speaking peoples, can be drawn, since, in the turtles, both the who are inclined to disdain many sea-foods peaceful and the warlike have attained a enjoyed by the Latins and others, regard measure of success, having somehow avoided turtles as delicacies. the pitfall of conflict with each other. Due to our great familiarity with them we are inclined to forget that turtles MOUTH-BLOWN PIPE ORGANS are really the oldest type of living reptiles, vastly more ancient in lineage than the more OF ANCIENT CHINA familiar fossil dinosaurs and most other The huge modern pipe organs used in extinct types. They deserve the term churches and theatres are designed on a "living fossil" much more than do many principle discovered in very ancient times in creatures to which it is commonly applied. China, it may be deduced from a small The extraordinary development of a pro- Chinese mouth instrument in which bamboo tective bony shell, which characterizes tubes are used for pipes. Examples of this turtles so sharply, is directly correlated with type of instrument, which in appearance their proverbial sluggishness of movement resembles somewhat the modern saxophone, and inoffensiveness of disposition. Meta- are on exhibition among the Oriental ar- phorically, peace has been the keynote of chaeological collections in Hall 32 (Case 45). their evolution for some hundreds of millions The mouth pipe organ, or "sheng," as the filled of years, and their reliance, in a world Chinese call it, consists of a bowl-shaped with predacious enemies, has been on passive body of lacquered wood at the end of a defense. How effectively this principle has tube with a mouthpiece, which gives it a governed their long evolution is shown by resemblance to a large meerschaum pipe as the development of all sorts of devices for well as to a saxophone. Seventeen bamboo the more complete closure of the shell. For tubes of varying lengths are inserted in the this either the front or rear lobe of the which the purpose, top body, provides wind Both Ornamental and Useful of the plastron, or both, may be hinged. An reservoir. Thirteen of the tubes are fitted The tea plant is sometimes grown for decorative irregular but effective hinge is developed with free reeds, similar to those used in purposes as well as for the making of the beverage even in the upper shell of an African land some organs today. Each of the tubes has derived from its leaves. This reproduction of the is on exhibition in Hall 25. turtle, so that its posterior part can be a small hole just above the point where it plant drawn down over the for feet and enters the and these holes must be openings reservoir, Each tea growing country has its own tail. The land to which the covered with the in order that each typical turtles, finger particular system of pruning, designed to forms close the its tone when gigantic belong, openings pipe may produce particular increase the yield of young leaves from with armored surfaces of their limbs. the blows into the instrument. neatly player which are made the finer grades of tea. A Such closure of the shell second- While the is still used in China to a complete by sheng reproduction of a tea shrub from southern modification has been attained at least limited extent, it is rarely heard ary nowadays China, natural size, and in full flower and a dozen times in quite different and un- because of a peculiar superstition that a fruit, has been prepared in the laboratories related of turtles. One of the best skillful becomes so wedded to his types performer of the Department of Botany, and is on is the abundant music that he is forever to the ex- examples supplied by playing, exhibition in Hall 25. Near-by is a miniature American box turtles. clusion of all other activities. the This, model of a Ceylonese tea plantation. Another kind of clear evidence, indicating Chinese apparently fear, would prove incon- —B.E.D. the importance of the evolutionary pressure venient for the player and might become of an environment filled with active and pre- annoying to his neighbors. Numerous varieties of coal, including dacious types of animals, is afforded by the Another thing that has caused the popu- specimens from many important fields in land turtles on islands. Where they have no larity of the instrument to wane in late various parts of the world, form an exhibit effective enemies, as is the case in the Gala- years is the fact that because it is played in Hall 36. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS August, 19S8

CHINESE EXHIBIT ILLUSTRATES the globe as he dresses and eats: "When our GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS friend has finished he settles back to THE STORY OF PRINTING eating During August conducted tours of the ex- smoke, an American Indian habit, con- By C. Martin Wilbur hibits, under the guidance of staff lecturers, suming a plant domesticated in Brazil in Curator of Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology will be given on a special schedule, as either a derived the Indians of pipe, from follows: Printing, a Chinese invention, is one vital Virginia, or a cigarette, derived from Mondays: 11 A.M., Plant Life Exhibits; 3 P.u., cornerstone which modem civilization Mexico. . . . He reads the news of the upon day, General Tour of Exhibition Halls. rests. Without it, the spread of general and imprinted in characters invented by the 11 Halls of Primitive and technical which has our ancient Semites a material invented Tuesdays: A.M., Civilized knowledge produced upon Peoples; 3 p.m.. General Tour of Exhibition Halls. industrial civilization would have been im- in China by a process invented in Germany. Wednesdays: 11 A.M., Animal Groups; 3 P.M., possible. Twentieth century democracy, As he absorbs the accounts of foreign General Tour of Exhibition Halls. an educated and informed troubles he will, if he is a conservative postulated upon good Thursdays: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours of public, is inconceivable without printed citizen, thank a Hebrew deity in an Indo- Exhibition Halls. books and that he is 100 cent journals. Postage stamps and European language per Fridays: 11 A.M., Minerals and Prehistoric Life; bank-notes, time-tables and telephone books, American." 3 P.M., General Tour of Exhibition Halls. with all that they are de- imply, utterly Aerial There are no tours given on Saturdays or the invention of Tropical Garden pendent upon primary Sundays. printing. A group of epiphytic and parasitic plants, about a termite nest built at the Persons wishing to participate in the tours Paper, which has everywhere been the growing of a tree branch is exhibited in should apply at the North Entrance. The forerunner of printing, making it possible tip tropical Field Hall. The was re- tours are free, and no gratuities are to be on a large scale, is also of Chinese origin, Stanley group from nature in the proffered. Guide-lecturers' services for and was transmitted to Europe by the produced plant reproduc- tion laboratories of the of special tours by parties of ten or more are Arabs. The slow migration of these two Department available free of with Chinese inventions across the whole of Botany. The original specimen came from charge by arrangement the Demerara River in British Guiana. the Director a week in advance. Asia to Europe, and the revolutionary conse- quences, make a fascinating story. Traditional Chinese methods and equip- INSOLATION Gifts to the Museum ment for printing are exhibited in Hall 32 By Henry W. Nichols Following is a list of some of the principal (Case 27). Inks, paper, printing blocks and Chief Curator. Department of Geology gifts received during the last month : the tools for cutting them, together with In the deserts and the mountain upon From Dr. A. K. Owen— 10 examples of Chinese printed books, are all the sun's can shatter solid archaeological specimens, tops rays rock, Egypt; from School of Forestry, Yale —49 This ancient method of University displayed. printing breaking it into fragments and covering the herbarium specimens, Colombia, Costa Hica, —and from wooden blocks is separated from our ground with an accumulation of rocky debris. Dominican Republic: from George B. Hinton 85 herbarium specimens, Mexico; from George Moore— modern methods by centuries of inde- This destruction is a of the consequence 46 herbarium specimens, Missouri; from George L. marked in pendent development, the west rapid heating of the rock, called insolation, Fisher— 104 herbarium specimens, Texas, California, and by a succession of brilliant inventions, during the day, followed rapid cooling Mexico; from Jardim Botanico de Belo Horizonte by —328 herbarium from Museo Na- increasing and volume. Yet there is specimens, Brazil; speed through radiation after sunset. When the cional—68 herbarium Costa from a fundamental between specimens, Rica; similarity Chinese heating and cooling are sufficiently rapid the Centro Nacional de Agricultura—100 herbarium speci- I. — methods and our own: both are based upon accompanying expansion and contraction mens, Costa Rica; from W. Knobloch 30 herbarium specimens, Mexico; from Rev. Luis Mille—15 herbarium a negative printing surface, inked, and induce strains than the brittle rock greater specimens, Ecuador; from Frank Von Drasek— 19 repeatedly pressed upon paper for repro- can endure. The rock breaks and chips, and mineral specimens. New Mexico and Arkansas; from duction. Mrs. Beatrice Norden—a of It was this process which the even large pieces are flaked away from the specimen cinnabar and one of from Duncan MacMillan—34 Chinese invented and were five surface. often barite, .\rkansas; using Campers have been startled of from J. A. —27 centuries before specimens fossils, Illinois; King birds, Europeans learned it, and by a similar disruption of rock when a camp*- Guatemala; from Al Pflueger—a specimen of Allison's this basic idea is still employed all over the fire built against a ledge has heated the rock tuna and— 2 ducks, Florida; from Chicago Zoological world. Society 3 mammals, 59 birds, and 9 reptiles; from too rapidly and fragments fly off with ex- H. B. Conover—50 from The birds, Tanganyika— Territory; Chinese language differs greatly plosive and sometimes dangerous violence. John G. Shedd Aquarium 2 fish specimens,—Mexico from those of the Occident, which are Over most of the world, the atmosphere, and Fiji Islands; from Julian A. Steyermark 11 fish and one from the written in and conse- which the effect of the sun's specimens centipede, Missouri; alphabetic scripts, tempers rays, American Museum of Natural History—a 35 mm. silent quently it produced a different printing protects rocks from much of this damage by film Man versus Beast. technique from our own. Thus, although insolation. On mountain tops, where the movable type was invented and used in sun's rays pass through less atmosphere, NEW MEMBERS China as early as 1059 (long before Guten- their power is not reduced as much as at berg), it was abandoned in favor of a method, lower altitudes. The air over deserts is The following persons were elected to easier for the Chinese, of cutting a wooden exceedingly dry, and as the atmospheric membership in Field Museum during the block for a whole page of print. Alphabetic agent which absorbs most energy from sun- period from June 16 to July 15: scripts, on the other hand, favor a single light is water vapor, sunlight over deserts Associate Members for each type letter, with letters combined has more power than elsewhere. Since Dr. John M. Berger, Mrs. George E. Brennan, into words. Only recently the Chinese have cooling by night in deserts is less retarded by Mrs. George Fabyan. returned to movable type, and are borrow- the blanketing effect of water vapor in the Annual Members other the of rock is ing many modem printing methods air, cooling the more rapid and Frank D. Carpenter, B. E. Cedarquist, Earle M. from America and Europe, because volume the cooling strains induced are more severe. Combs, Jr., R. E. Connolly, Charies F. Cooke, David W. Charles G. Mrs. A. G. and speed are now vital to the The results of insolation are exceptionally Davidson, Foucek, Hollings- fast-moving head, Paul J. Kahn, Miss Katherine Marjorie Kelly, and complex life of modem China. well demonstrated in the North Arabian or F. E. Kruesi, Z. E. Martin. H. H. Meltzer. John H. The story of printing illustrates a funda- Syrian Desert. There the Marshall Field Milne. B. F. Roman. mental concept of the anthropologist, who North Arabian Desert Expedition of 1928 made a notable on views all civilization as the complex result collection, now exhibition Staff Notes of innumerable ideas, inventions, and in Clarence Buckingham Hall (Hall 35). Dr. Curator of institutions, coming from many lands and Henry Field, Physical Anthropology, left July 5 for an extended from various times in the past. All these SHOULD READ YOU visit to where he will attend scien- elements are inseparably mixed in a vast Europe Snakes Alive and How They Live, by tific in Copenhagen, London, and and mysterious pudding, which constantly meetings Clifford H. Pope. at all of which he will changes as new ideas and inventions, new Brussels, present At the of methods and practices, are accepted. In Deservedly the current "best seller" papers. Congress Anthropological and Sciences in our western civilization certain basic Near among books about reptiles, this book is Ethnological Copenhagen, which he will attend as the official Eastem, Greek, Roman, and western interestingly written and thoroughly delegate from the United States, Dr. Field will European practices give the primary flavor. reliable in its information. Mr. Karl P. a entitled "The Physical No one knows what other sauces and spices Schmidt, Curator of Reptiles at Field present paper Characters of the Modem of Iran." have dropped into the pot from everywhere Museum, places it first in his list of Peoples in its long and turbulent boiling. books recommended to those interested in Dr. Ralph Linton, formerly of Field Mu- reptiles. The story of a lion hunt by African natives, seum, in his book. The Study of Man, depicts This is one of many noteworthy books armed with spears, is told in a series of three an average American who wakes in the on natural history, available at the new bronze groups, exhibited in Stanley Field morning and quite unconcernedly uses Field Museum Book Shop. $2.50. Hall. They are the work of the late Carl E. products and inventions from every part of Akeley.

pniNTCD BY FIELD MUSCUM PRESS News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 SEPTEMBER, 1938 No. 9 GROUP SHOWS GIANT ORIOLES COLLECTED BY MANDEL GUATEMALA EXPEDITION By RUDYERD BOULTON to the ground. Although the colony of 138 ing and posturing before each other in charac- Curator of Birds nests was well populated with birds they teristic attitudes of courtship, defence and Oropendulas, or giant orioles, belong to were much gratified to discover that only a play. An adult is attacking a rice grackle the family of blackbirds and orioles so well half dozen were actually occupied, no more which parasitizes the oropendulas. The fe- represented in the United States by meadow- than enough to supply the data needed for male grackles wait for opportunities to slip in- larks, grackles, cowbirds, bobolinks and the construction of the group. One of the to the orioles' bag-shaped nests where they lay orioles. They are indeed most closely related intricately woven nests was six feet long and their eggs, leaving them to be incubated and to the orioles whose well known pendant the gourd-shaped nest chamber at the bot- the young grackles to be raised to maturity type of nest architecture they have improved tom a foot in diameter. In some cases two by the oropendulas. In this interesting on tremendously. They are found through- or three nests closely crowded together had habit the rice grackles resemble our Ameri- out the forests and can cowbird and the clearings of Central European cuckoo. and South America, Another bird, the from Southern Mexico « striped flycatcher to Brazil Peru. and (Legatus) , also imposes About twelve species on the oropendulas. belonging to half a The flycatchers are dozen genera are much smaller than the known. All of them orioles, but gain their are relatively large, the objective by sheer per- size of a small crow, sistence and tenacity and all are character- of purpose. Eventu- ized by the fascinating ally they drive a pair colonial nesting habits of orioles away from illustrated in the ac- their nest and the fly- companying picture. catchers then build This photograph their own nest within represents a group the larger one, and recently installed in there raise their own Hall 20, showing a por- family. tion of a nesting col- The background ony of Montezuma's shows a savanna, dot- oropendula. It is the ted here and there with gift of Mr. Leon Man- patches of forest, in del, and was collected the Motagua valley in during the Mandel eastern Guatemala. Guatemala Expedition Man-made clearings in by Messrs. Emmet R. the forest seem to be Blake, Assistant Cur- favorable to the Mon- ator of Birds, and Karl tezuma oropendulas. P. Schmidt, Curator of The only undisturbed Reptiles. The birds regions in which their were mounted and in- nests were found were stalled by Staff Taxi- along river banks dermist John W. where the expanse of Moyer, the plant ac- water provided them cessories are the by Prepa- Giant Oriole Group in Hall 20 with same breadth rator Frank Letl and of view and lack of These South American birds, also known as oropendulas, are noted for their long hanging nests, a number of the scenic background which may be seen in the exhibit. The specimens were collected by Assistant Curator Emmet R. Btake who was constraint that the on an and Mr. was painted by Mr. ornithologist expedition sponsored led by Leon Mandel, of Chicago. The group was prepared by savanna clearings seem Staff Taxidermist John W. Mr. Arthur G. Rueckert the and accessories were made Arthur G. Rueckert. Moyer; painted background, to do. Because of the under the supervision of Preparator Frank H. Letl. The giant tree in exposed situations and which the colony was found was about one been interwoven throughout their length, the tremendous isolated trees that the birds hundred feet high and six feet in diameter. making a sort of swaying "duplex apart- prefer, the colonies of the giant orioles arc After vainly attempting to climb the straight ment." conspicuous features of the landscape branchless trunk to the eighty-foot level at The group shows a section of a colony con- wherever they occur in Central and South which the nests swung, Messrs. Blake and taining about twelve nests. Eight or ten America, and they are well known to many Schmidt resorted to their axes. Five hours adults, the males about one and one-half persons who have traveled in those of steady chopping brought the tree crashing times as large as the females, are busy weav- regions.

Marshall Field Provides Change in Visiting Hours Scientific Equipment Leaflet on Autumn Flowers Begins September 6 Several thousand dollars' worth of scien- With the arrival of September, timely Field Museum visiting hours, which have tific equipment, long needed in the various reading for flower enthusiasts is offered been 9 A.M. to 6 p.m. daily during the Departments of the Museum for the proper in the Field Museum Leaflet Autumn summer months, will change to the autumn continuation and expansion of many types Flowers and Fruits. This little book, schedule—9 a.m. to 5 p.m. —on Tuesday, of research, has recently been provided with thirty pages of text, illustrated September 6, the day after Labor Day. through the generosity of Mr. Marshall with a color plate, two collotype plates, These hours will continue until October 31. Field, a Trustee of the Museum. For a long and twenty-eight half-tones, is by J. On November 1 the winter hours, 9 A.M. time some members of the staff have been Francis Macbride, Associate Curator of to 4 p.m. will go into effect, continuing in the Museum Herbarium. At the hampered their work through the lack of — Book until February 28. During the latter period, adequate facilities, and this gift will greatly Shop of Field Museum 25 cents. however, the Museum will be open until increase effectiveness of future activities. 5 P.M. on Sundays. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS September, 1938

Field Museum of Natural History NOTED GERMAN BIOLOGIST rative effects in gardens. It reaches three to six feet in and has numerous Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 JOINS MUSEUM STAFF height, large, Roosevelt Road and Field spherical heads of lead-color and purple. Dtive, Chicago Dr. Fritz Haas, formerly Curator of the Department of MoUusks at the Sencken- In spite of the variety it gives to the road- THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES the should be or berg Museum, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Ger- side, plant watched, better, Charles A. McCui-loch SBWEa.L L. Avery has been exterminated, for like all the thistle tribe, Leopold E. Block William H. Mitchell many, ap- it is to a and William J. Chalmers George A. Richardson pointed as Curator of likely prove pernicious danger- Albert B. Dick, Jr. Theodore Roosevelt Lower Invertebrates ous weed. Certainly in this locality it gives Joseph N. Field Fred W. Sargent Field every appearance of spreading rapidly, and Marshall Field James Simpson at Museum. able to hold its own with the rankest Stanley Field Solomon A. Smith Dr. Haas is well being Albert W. Harris Albert A. Sprague known throughout native weeds along the railroad right of way Jr. Silas H. Strawn Samuel Insull, the scientific world and on the borders of fields. John P. Wilson for his bi- In the Herbarium of Field Museum there OFFICERS important ological researches, is a of this obtained in 1894 Stanley Field Pretident specimen plant and is the author of it is Albert .K. Sprague First Vice-Pregident at Rockford, Illinois, but not known James Simpson Second Vice-President numerous publica- whether the plant was well established there, Harris Third Vice-President Albert W. tions. He has come or still —P.C.S. and J.A.S. C. Greog Director and Secretary perhaps persists. Clifford to America under Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary the sponsorship of the FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Emergency CURATOR OSGOOD RETURNS Committee in Aid of Dr. Fritz Haas Clifford C. Gregg, Director of the Museum Editor WITH DESERT COLLECTION Displaced German CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Scholars, of New York, and the Jewish With approximately four hundred speci- Paul S. Martin Chief Curator of Anthropolosy Welfare Fund, of Chicago, which are jointly mens of mammals, birds, and reptiles, includ- B. E. Dahlgren Curator of Botany Chief furnishing funds from which part of his ing a number of rare and odd species, Dr. Henry W. Nichols Chitf Curator of Geology of one Wilfred Chief Curator of the Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology salary will be paid for a period year. H. Osgood, H. B. Hartb Managing Editor Department of Zoology, returned to Chicago August 17. Dr. Osgood left the Museum on SPECIAL NOTICE 15 as the leader of an con- Field Museum is open every day of tiie year (except May expedition Christmas and New Year's Day) during the hours All Members of Field Museum who ducted in south central New Mexico. He below: Indicated have changed their residence or are was accompanied by Dr. Frank W. Gorham, December, January, February 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. November, to do so are earnestly urged of Los Angeles, and Mr. Walter F. Nichols, March, April, September, October 9 A.M. to B P.M. planning once of their of California. The May, June, July, August 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. to notify the Museum at Pasadena, expedition, new addresses, so that copies of Field personally financed by Dr. Osgood as a Admission is free to Meml>ers on all days. Other and all other com- contribution to the Museum, concentrated adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and Museum News its the island" of Sundays; non-meml>er8 pay 25 cents on other days. munications from the Museum may efforts chiefly on "white Children are admitted free on all days. Students and reach them promptly. sand in Tularosa basin, a desert region of members of educational institutions are admit- faculty some three hundred square miles, and in ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. the territory where a black lava • The Museum's adjoining natural history Library is open for Staff Notes reference daily except Saturday afternoon and Sunday. formation composes the ground surface. exhibits are circulated Sharat K. Curator of Traveling in the schools of Mr. Roy, Geology, One of the most striking specimens Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension leader of the Sewell Geol- and Avery Physical obtained is that of a pure cream white lizard Department of the Museum. his work ogy Expedition, recently completed of it invisible Lectures for and entertainments the color which made almost schools, special in northern Colorado. He returned to the and tours for children at the are in the white Tularosa sands. Kangaroo rats Museum, provided and then by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Museum for a week last month, were collected alive and sent to the Brook- Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. left for the east to continue the collecting field Zoo. Live specimens of a black mouse Announcements of free illustrated lectures for the for and of rocks exhibition study purposes, whose dark coloration it in its public, and lectures for Members of tile protects special Museum, his further work chiefly in various will appear in Field Museum News. being environment of black lava beds were sent of New and New York state. A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms parts England to the Museum by airplane for use in his arrival in in Dr. are provided for those bringing their lunches. Since Europe July, research work. A variety of white mice Curator of Anthro- Chicago Motor Coach Company No. 26 buses go Henry Field, Physical inhabiting the "white island" of Tularosa direct to the Museum. has been data for a tribal pology, collecting was found to be scarce, and no living speci- Members are to inform the Museum requested map of Iran to supplement statistics com- mens were but dried promptly of changes of address. and secured, specimens piled during his previous expeditions were obtained, and arrangements made for In addition he has assembled MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM research. live ones to be collected later. material for a report on the Ossetes and Field Museum has several classes of Members. In addition to collecting in the desert. Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- Yezidis of Georgia, U.S.S.R. Dr. Osgood obtained important zoological tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members Mr. Phil C. Orr, Assistant in Paleontology give $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members specimens also in the MogoUon mountains in Field Museum's Department of Geology, pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. of New Mexico, in California, and in Colo- All the above classes are exempt from dues. has resigned to accept a position as Curator Sustaining rado. After the conclusion of the expedition Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they of Archaeology and Paleontology at the become Associate Members. Annual Members con- Dr. Osgood presented a scientific paper at Santa Barbara (California) Museum of Nat- tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- the meeting of the American Society of rate, and ural Honorary, Patron, Corresponding, additions History. in under these Mammalogists held at San Francisco classifications being made by special action Mr. J. L. Jones, Field Museum's Pur- of the Board of Trustees. July. He is a founder, and a former presi- chasing Agent since 1929, has resigned from Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free dent, of this society, and is at present chair- admission to the Museum for the staff because of extended long illness. himself, his family and man of its committee on nomenclature. house guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum He will resume his former residence in lectures provided for Members. to Field Subscription Florida where the climate is better suited to Museum News is included with all memberships. The courtesies of every museum of note in the United the state of his health. States and Canada are extended to all Members of FOR READERS FROM EIGHT TO Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card to EIGHTY— non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of BOTANISTS ISSUE WARNING which will they be admitted to the Museum without Our Friendly Animals, by Karl P. charge. Further information about ON NEW ILLINOIS WEED memberships will of at Field be sent on request. Schmidt, Curator Reptiles Recently, while on the way to Rock Creek, Museum. Kankakee County, to collect plants. Curator BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS "An informative and attractively Paul C. Standley and Assistant Curator Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may illustrated book on domestic mammals be made in books Julian A. Steyermark of the Museum Her- securities, money, or collections. and their wild ancestors," says Dr. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to barium, discovered several large and thriving a person or named the Wilfred H. Osgood, Chief Curator of cause, by giver. colonies of a showy and rather handsome Contributions made within the taxable not Zoology. "It covers a neglected subject year plant that proved to be the globe thistle exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are of interest alike to children and adults." allowable as deductions in computing net income tor {Echinops sphaerocephalus) . The locality federal income tax purposes. where the weeds were found is along the Copies, autographed by the author, Endowments may be made to the Museum with the Governor's Highway, south of Manteno. on sale at the BOOK SHOP of FIELD provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. of the Mediter- MUSEUM. $1. These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in The globe thistle, native and amount, may reduce federal income taxes. ranean region, is sometimes grown for deco- September, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Pages

ANCIENT COLORADO VILLAGE AND story of the development of a single group SEWELL AVERY EXPEDITION TEMPLE UNCOVERED of people—Indians whose ancestors are be- TO BRITISH GUIANA lieved to have come from Asia at some re- By Paul S. Martin Bound for the mote time in the dim past, and who had jungle frontiers along the Chief Curator, of Department Anthropology settled down in the San Juan area about border between British Guiana and Brazil, A.D. dates for Mr. Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator of The ruins of an Indian village more than 500. Successive the various sites Birds, sailed from New York on July 30, as a thousand years old, including the largest prehistoric excavated by the expedi- leader of the Sewell British Guiana known Great Kiva, or temple built by tions are well defined. Wooden posts and Avery Expedition of Field Museum. He to Americans, ever found, have roof beams from the ruins, cross-sectioned hopes collect a cross-section of the Erehistoriceen discovered and excavated by the and compared with a master tree-ring chart, typical bird, mammal, and reptile life in the forests of Field Museum Archaeological Expedition lead to the conclusion that these Indians this little known area of South America. to the Southwest during its 1938 season of were in this region for seven hundred a.d. to 1200. The as announced in the operations. years, from 500 In successive expedition, July their and wall con- Field Museum News, was originally sched- The buried village, which centuries ago periods pottery making struction show marked in uled to leave in but was inhabited by Indians of the "Basket improvements September, departure and and other was advanced because of especially favor- Maker" culture, a people well advanced in technique artistry, signs point that their conditions bettered and able conditions at this time. the arts, architecture, and agriculture, was living their became more Some- The British Guiana uncovered by the writer and his associates society complex. boundary has recently time after 1200 been with the result that at a steep and picturesque point on the they migrated, presumably surveyed many and their descendants areas be reached at which south rim of Cahone Canyon, a deep and southward, apparently may present are the modern Pueblo Indians. could not be reached a hence because rocky cut in a high plateau of southwestern year of the Colorado. rapid growth of jungle vegetation. The section is practically unexplored zoo- At the base of the point the expedition logically, and it is possible that new first uncovered the remains of the Kiva, a THINOS YOU MAY HAVE MISSED species may be discovered by the expedition. great circular slab structure, 81 feet in Mr. Blake's involves diameter. This apparently was intended to A Nest of Fossil Dinosaur project exploration Eggs in a "lost world." The is accommodate the people in their religious region separated The discovery of fossil eggs of dinosaurs from the nearest human ceremonials which, no doubt, formed a habitation by three in Mongolia a few years ago introduced new hundred miles of almost most of their lives. There impenetrable jungle. important part life evidence as to the and habits of these The to enter is are indications that it was a dance only way by airplane and originally extinct Fossil of birds reptiles. eggs had boat. It is possible to about two hundred plaza, perhaps only partially roofed. All fly been known from the Bad Lands of North miles inland in a to certain theories as to its use are con- seaplane a pool necessarily and turtle had been found America, eggs in the Courantyne River which is the jectural, as no other structure quite like it only suitable for From this is known. It is about two feet deep, and place descending. point it is necessary to continue the almost a perfect circle. journey on the river in native dugout canoes. This Near-by were found living quarters. requires a voyage of more than three hun- These consisted of rows of masonry-walled dred miles on an extremely tortuous stream rooms that commanded a wide sweep of the which has three major waterfalls around canyon, and of subterranean houses that which portages must be made, and more had been laboriously hewn out of the rock. than one hundred difficult rapids which must The larger and more spacious rooms con- be skillfully navigated. tained hearths, and nooks for holding The region is especially interesting because, domestic necessities. They were the living during its work of the past few the rooms proper. Smaller adjacent chambers years, British Commission discovered a were used for storage of food and other Boundary range of mountains hitherto unknown. supplies. These have an altitude of about five thou- It was evident that one row of these sand feet. Consequently, without doubt the rooms had been ravaged by fire—whether birds, mammals and reptiles of the region accident or an attack enemies is through by Eg(ts 80,000,000 Years Old will show differences from those not known. the destruction must significant Although On exhibition in Ernest R. Graham Hall, these which were collected in the lowlands of have been a catastrophe to the ancient dinosaur eggs were found in Mongolia. Had they there would have from them the British Guiana by Mr. Blake on his ex- Indians, it proved profitable to the Museum hatched, emerged saurians known by the name Protoceratopa. pedition last year. archaeologists to dig into the burned rooms, The expedition personnel will include for there we have uncovered finely made fossilized in various places, but the possi- seventeen men—only one other white man pottery, bone implements for the dressing bility of finding the eggs of these great besides Mr. Blake. The boats will be manned of hides and working of leather, stone axes extinct reptiles had remained a matter of by a full crew of Bush Negroes. Mr. Blake and arrow points, bone and stone ornaments, speculation. will be assisted in an and a quantity of charred corn and beans, collecting by experi- These dinosaur eggs were first encountered enced East Indian collector, as well as native all of which had been abandoned when the in a bright red sandstone ledge of Cretaceous South American Indian hunters and inhabitants scurried out for their lives. By guides. age, designated as Flaming Cliffs. They lay Because the party will be completely cut off archaeological methods it has been possible in a group embedded in soft sandstone, from all other means of communication with to establish that these buildings, and their partly washed out by surface water. Beside the outside world, it will have a short-wave contents, date from about the year a.d. 700. them were parts of a reptile skull, and else- radio set and operator as a safety measure. Every object that could possibly be helpful where in the same formation were found In of the Mr. Blake in reconstructing the daily life of the inhab- January present year skeletons of the small, hooded dinosaur returned to this after an absence of itants of the village—who were probably country known as Proloceratops. From this associa- the ancestors of modern Indian tribes— a year during which he collected birds and tion of skeletons and eggs in the same rock other animals in the lowland sections of was carefully examined. Studying the com- formation, it is concluded that the eggs were British Guiana as well as on the of mon as well as the unusual material, the plains laid by this dinosaur. Brazil. Mr. Blake has collected members of the expedition hope through extensively nest of these be seen at the for Field continued work at this and other ancient A eggs may Museum and other institutions, in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall been a member of the National sites to bring to light another chapter in Museum, having are about four inches in length, to the the story of early man. 38). They Geographic Society's Expedition and are stained a light reddish color. The Amazon, the Leon Mandel Orinoco and West Eight years ago work was begun by the exhibit shows them on a section of the sand- Indies Expedition, the Leon Mandel Ex- first Field Museum expedition into this stone in which they were found. pedition to Guatemala, the Carnegie Mu- region, which is in the Colorado drainage The material was collected by Dr. seum Expedition to British Honduras, and area of the San Juan, and on public land Roy Andrews, Director of the American the Stanley Field British Guiana and Brazil- north of the Ute reservation. In succeeding Chapman Museum of Natural History, on an expedi- ian Expedition. years continued expeditions have excavated tion in which Field Museum collaborated The present expedition was made possible new sites, collected vast amounts of artifacts with the New York institution.— E.S.R. through the generosity of Mr. Sewell and data, and brought to light new and im- Avery, of a Trustee of the Museum. pressive evidence bearing upon hitherto com- Chicago, plete mysteries as to the history of these Prehistoric gold ornaments from Colombia people. The work of the successive expe- and Ecuador form an attractive exhibit in A model of a large Minnesota iron mine ditions is now co-ordinating into a coherent Stanley Field Hall. is exhibited in Hall 36. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS September, 1938

SATURDAY AFTERNOON LECTURES Races," illustrated with the Races of Man- SEPTEMBER GUIDE-LECTURETOURS kind Malvina Hoffman in TO BEGIN OCTOBER 1 sculptures by Conducted tours of exhibits, under the Memorial Hall. Chauncey Keep guidance of staff lecturers, are made On Saturdays at 2:30 p.m. instead of at every It is necessary to make reservations for afternoon at 3 o'clock except Saturdays, 3:00 as in past years, during October and the Sunday tours and receive an identifi- and certain November Field Museum will present its Sundays, holidays. Following cation ticket, as the number that can be is the schedule of and dates for Free Lecture Course for adults subjects Seventieth accommodated is limited. Reservations in the James Theatre. Eminent September: Simpson may be made in advance by mail or tele- and naturalists have been engaged Thursday, September 1 —General Tour; Friday— explorers phone (Wabash 9410). Only if advance will be illustrated with Hall of Races of Man. for the series, which reservations do not exceed the to number Week 5: —Labor motion pictures and stereopticon slides. beginning September Monday which the party is limited will additional Day holiday, no tour; Tuesday—General Tour; Wednes- There will be nine lectures in the series. The — — registrations be permitted for other Sunday day Su-Lin and Her Asiatic Neighbors: Thursday will be Winter in General Tour; — Moon and Meteorites. first one "A Oaxaca," visitors at the Museum. Parties are Friday Minerals, and the will be Dr. W. H. of Week beginning September 12; Monday—The speaker Camp, restricted to adults. — — the New York Botanical Garden. A com- Egyptian Hall; Tuesday General Tour; Wednesday The lectures are given each Sunday, and Plant-life, Past and Present; Thursday—General Tour; plete schedule of the dates, subjects and —Cavemen of the Old World. begin promptly at 2 p.m. They end at 4:30, Friday for all nine lectures will appear in — speakers and are broken midway by an intermission Week beginning September 19: Monday South the October issue of Field Museum News. American Animal Life; Tuesday —General Tour; of one-half hour for relaxation, during Wednesday—New Bird —General tickets are for admission Groups; Thursday No necessary which members of the party may obtain Tour; Friday—Prehistoric Animals. to these lectures. A section of the — refreshments and smoke in the Cafeteria Week beginning September— 26: Monday Cereals Theatre is reserved for Members of the where tables are reserved for the and Their Uses; Tuesday General Tour; Wednesday special —Habitat —General each of whom is entitled to two Groups; Thursday Tour; Friday Museum, group. —Chinese Exhibits. reserved seats on request. Requests for Those participating are requested to be or in Persons wishing to participate should these seats may made by telephone arrive at the Museum a few minutes before writing to the Museum, in advance of the apply at North Entrance. Tours are free 2 o'clock so that registration may be com- and seats will be held in the Mem- and no gratuities are to be proffered. A lecture, pleted, and wraps checked, without incon- until 2:30 P.M. on the of the new schedule will appear each month in ber's name day venience to themselves and others. lecture. Members may obtain seats in the Field Museum News. Guide-lecturers' Mr. Dallwig is a member of the Museum, reserved section also presentation of their services for special tours by parties of ten by and renders this service without cards to the Theatre attendant compensa- or more are available free of charge by membership tion either from the institution or from those before 2:30 p.m. on the lecture day, even arrangement with the Director a week in participating in the lecture tours, because of though no advance reservation has been advance. his deep interest in science and education. made. All reserved seats not claimed by He dramatizes his subjects in a unique Gifts to the 2:30 P.M. will be available to the general Museum manner, and his ability as a speaker was public. Following is a list of some of the principal lauded by hundreds of people from all parts gifts received during the last month: of the United States, Canada, Europe, and From Gordon Pearsall —25 herbarium specimens, FREE SATURDAY PROGRAMS when he his lectures last elsewhere, gave Illinois; from Professor C. J. Chamberlain —60 her- OFFERED FOR CHILDREN season. barium specimens; from Professor J. Soukup —31 herbarium specimens, Peru; from Dr. C^sar Vargas The James Nelson and Anna Louise Ray- C. — 100 herbarium specimens, Peru; from Centro mond Foundation for Public School and THE WORLD'S OLDEST NECKLACE Nacional de Agricultura —46 herbarium specimens, Costa from Moore —60 herbarium Children's Lectures will present free motion Henby Field Rica; George speci- By mens, Missouri; from Jardim Botanico de Belo Hori- picture programs for children every Saturday Curator of Physical Anthropology zonte —255 herbarium specimens, Brazil; from Lieu- morning during October and November. tenant James M, Nisbett — 5 snakes, Arkansas; from Prehistoric man wanted his wife to look —2 Florida ducks and 2 from These programs will be presented in the Al Pflueger turtles; more attractive than nature made her, so Rudyerd Boulton— 11 photographs of historical James Theatre of the Museum and — Simpson he gave her a necklace. He fashioned beads interest; from Chicago Zoological Society— a young will include many films with sound effects, koodoo, Africa; from Mont A. Cazier 4 beetles, from the tusk of a mammoth, pierced shells from Carl Dreutzer —4 bearded for which the theatre was recently equipped. California; seals, Cape and the teeth of elk, fox, and bison, and Prince of Wales; valuable books for the Library from: There will be two showings of the films on American for Richard strung them together artistically on threads Society Testing Materials, each one at 10 a.m., and Martin, Stanley Field, Jusserand Memorial Com- program, beginning of animal sinews. Thus he made the first one at 11. mittee, Dr. E. E. Sherff, Dr. Henry Field, C. A. beautiful necklace, probably to celebrate Kent, and the Ryerson Estate. to be shown on the The pictures opening some happy event, such as the arrival of his are: "The China Plate" program, October 1, first-born son. NEW MEMBERS cartoon Walt "Isle of (color by Disney), On exhibition in Case 5 in the Hall of Desire" "Enchanting Tahiti," The following persons were elected to (including the Stone Age (Hall C) are four such neck- "Manea Battles an Octopus," and "Walk- membership in Field Museum during the laces, from an Aurignacian deposit in Hot and "Water Boy." period from July 16 to August 15: ing Upon Stones"), France attributed to a period some 30,000 A complete schedule of the dates and titles Associate Members years ago. This is the earliest period from of films to be presented on each of the nine Dr. Alfons R. Bacon, Dr. Edward L. Cornell, which beads have been unearthed in western William W. Kimball, William Robert Tobey, Thomas in the series will appear in the programs Europe. H. West. October issue of Field Museum News. Associate Members At La Souquette, near St. L6on-sur-V6- Non-Resldent Children may come alone, accompanied Homer Niederhauser zere, Dordogne, these necklaces were exca- by adults, or in groups from schools and Annual Members vated by Mr. M. Castanet in a rock shelter other centers. No tickets are required for Mrs. Sigmund C. Fish, Leo Theodore on his farm. Close to one wall of the shelter Karpen, admission. Ix^avens, Lewis W. Lee, Jr., Mrs. Edward Meier, Allan was a rock surrounded by flint piercing tools, Muller, E. T. Murphy, M. H. Propp, John R. Railton, Milton Zadek. SUNDAY LECTURE TOURS fragments of mammoth ivory, and perfo- rated animal teeth and shells. Several ivory TO BE RESUMED Visitors fragments showed incomplete perforation, Distinguished Mr. Paul G. Dallwig, the Layman Lec- suggesting that the work may have been Among recent distinguished visitors re- turer, has prepared for his second season of abandoned suddenly. This rock shelter ceived at Field Museum of Natural History Sunday afternoon lecture tours at Field must have served as a prehistoric workshop were Brother Marie-Victorin, of the Uni- Museum, which will begin October 2. Lec- —a forerunner of the modern Cartier! versity of Montreal; Dr. Ivan M. Johnston, tures will be given every Sunday during the While the National Museum of France, Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massa- eight months up to and including next May, at St. Germain-en-Laye, and other museums chusetts; and Count Nils Gyldenstolpe, with a new subject being treated each month. possess similar necklaces, none are finer or Curator of Birds at the Naturhistoriska On the five Sundays in October the title of older than those in Field Museum. Riksmuseum in Stockholm. Count Gylden- the lecture will be "Digging Up the Cave- From modern, matched pearl necklaces stolpe was a member of the party of his man's Past," and the tour will embrace the to these from an Aurignacian cave may seem Royal Highness, Crown Prince Gustaf exhibits in the Hall of the Stone Age of the a far cry, but the feminine urge to wear Adolf of Sweden, whose visit was reported in Old World. In November the title of the lec- the Field Museum News. " beads has changed but little during thirty August ture tour is "Nature's 'March of Time,' millennia. Dr. Fred A. Barkley and Mr. Merton J. with animals; in Decem- Reed of the of Montana are dealing prehistoric " University ber "Gems, jewels, and 'Junk,' covering Most foreign woods now imported into spending four weeks during August and the halls devoted to precious and semi-pre- the United States are represented in the September in study in the Herbarium and cious stones; and in January, "Parade of the exhibits in Hall 27. Botanical Library of the Museum.

PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS Fieldi liitiNews Picblished Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 OCTOBER, 1938 No. It)

GIANT PANDA'S ANCESTORS America. During the lower part of the EXPEDITION TO SOUTHWEST FINDS Pliocene or about 12,000,000 TRACED TO NEBRASKA . epoch, years ANOTHER PREHISTORIC VILLAGE ago, a route of migration was opened across By Paul McGbew By Cabl Lloyd the Bering Strait and it is probable that Assistant in Paleontology Staff Field Museum the ancestral pandas migrated to the Old Assistant, Archaeological Expedition to the Southwest It is probable that no other living mam- World at this time to become established mal has enjoyed so much popularity as has in their present habitat. In North America This is a season of "firsts." In August recently been accorded the giant panda. this branch of the raccoon family became the Field Museum Archaeological Expedi- Popular interest does not exceed the scien- extinct, but, fortunately for purposes of tion excavated the largest kiva or circular, tific interest in this little-known animal. scientific research, their fossilized bones ceremonial structure known in the South- Within the past year, fossils have been bear witness to their former existence in west—83 feet in diameter. Last month the found which provide much new information this country. expedition uncovered the largest Basket- regarding the zoologic Maker site yet re- relationships and the ported for Colorado. ancestry of both the The extreme length of giant panda and its this new "dig" is more smaller cousin, the than 500 feet, and the "ordinary" panda. width about 300 feet. Such a fossil specimen Evidence of extreme has recently been ac- antiquity is being un- quired by the Division covered daily in the of Paleontology of slab-lined above- Field Museum. ground granaries, in The extinct form the pit-houses of all- referred to is known earth construction, only from two small and in the living quar- fragments containing ters which had walls upper teeth and por- built of posts. tions of two lower Surface indications jaws. All of the of the site were so known specimens are meager that an un- from the lower Mio- trained person could cene deposits of west- walk over this wooded ern Nebraska which area without knowing establ ishes them that under his feet as approximately there had been a vil- 20,000,000 years old. lage formerly occupied The name Cynarctoides by hundreds of Indi- has been given to this ans. The rains and long extinct creature. snows of thirteen hun- Cynarctoides was a dred winters and small animal only summers had toppled slightly larger than a over the one story sur- mink, and must have face buildings, rotted closely resembled Bas- A Scene on the "Dift" in Colorado the post-wall houses, sariscus, the caco- One of the ancient pit houses excavated by Field Museum Archaeological Expedition to the Southwest. The and filled up the sub- width is about fifteen the about six feet. The hole in the was a used the mistle or ring-tailed feet, depth foreground firepit by prehistoric terranean Basket Maker Indians who lived here some 1,300 years ago. In the rear is a tunnel which was used both as a quarters cat of the southwest- ventilator and an entrance to the subterranean structure. (pit-houses) with dirt. ern United States and Then a forest grew up Mexico. In fact, its dental characters are Simultaneously with the studies conducted on and in the ruin, completely covering it. such that it must have been derived directly on the fossil specimens, detailed anatomical Although the village is estimated to have from Bassarisctcs. Bassariscus has long been studies have been proceeding at Field Mu- been occupied about a.d. 600, an accurate recognized as the most primitive represent- seum on the modern species, as a result of date will not be known until dendrochron- ative of the raccoon and its fossil of family, the death a few months ago Su-Lin, and ologists (tree-ring experts) have analyzed record shows that it has little changed but the presentation by the Brookfield Zoo of the ancient roof logs which have been re- in the last 25,000,000 years—thus it is a her remains to Field Museum. Su-Lin was covered and made comparisons with a master true "living fossil." Cynarctoides has charac- the first complete specimen to reach scien- chart. ters which are intermediate between those tists for dissection and thorough anatomical To discover and uncover both the post- oi Bassariscus and the This task is still in and living pandas, suggest- study. progress, wall houses and pit-houses, the most pains- that the are derived is conducted Mr. D. ing pandas originally being by Dwight Davis, taking technique and excavating experience from Bassariscus Cynarctoides. Assistant Curator of and Oste- through Anatomy are required. All that remains of these One of the characters of the and his associates. puzzling ology, ancient post-wall houses is a series of holes giant panda, which seemed to previously where the posts once were set, and a dirt bar it from the raccoon was the family, floor of a different color and hardness from presence in the lower jaw of a third molar Expedition in Far Northwest the fill above. which is absent in all other members of the An expedition to collect semi-precious The pit-houses have dirt floors and walls family. It is of great significance, then, quartz, agate, chalcedony and similar min- and are filled with wind-blown soil. Yet even that Cynarctoides, which is distinctly a erals is working in Oregon and Washington after 1,300 this wind-blown fill is not member of the raccoon family, has this for Field Museum. Dr. A. J. Walcott, a years, annealed to the ancient walls, and patient third lower molar as well as other characters Chicago geologist at present attached to the delineates the which strongly suggest that this form is Museum's Department of Geology under a troweling angular periphery. under the of very near to the direct ancestor of the special arrangement, is in charge of col- The expedition, leadership of the De- giant panda. lecting. Dr. H. C. Dake, editor of a min- Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator The available evidence indicates that eralogical magazine published at Portland, partment of Anthropology, is sponsored by the panda originally developed in North Oregon, is co-operating with the expedition. Mr. Stanley Field, President of the Museum. Page e FIELD MUSEUM NEWS October, 1938

Field Museum of Natural History TEACHERS PRAISE ACTIVITY OF HARRIS SCHOOL EXTENSION Founded by Marshall Field. 1893 By John R. Millar the oral statements of principals and Roosevelt Road and Field Drire, Chicago Curator, N. W. Harris Public School Extension teachers, it is possible to obtain an idea of the usefulness of the THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES With the recent opening of the Chicago loan exhibits to the schools. On the one hand there are schools Sbwbix L. Avery Charles A. McCulloch public schools, the N. W. Harris Public Leopold E. Block William H. Mitchell School Extension of Field Museum began in congested areas where Harris Extension J. Chalmers George A. Richardson habitat exhibits introduce of WiLLiAu its twenty-fifth year of regular distribution aspects nature Albert B. Dick, Jr. Theodore Roosevelt not to be seen in the On the Joseph N. Field Fred W. Sargent of natural history and economic exhibits. neighborhood. other are schools in residential Marshall Field James Simpson The organization of the Extension itself now hand outlying Stanley Field Solomon A. Smith its areas where teachers find it difficult to give Albert W. Harris Albert A. Spragub approaches twenty-sixth anniversary. their pupils any conception of industry Samuel Insull, Jr. Silas H. Strawn John P. Wilson except through the economic exhibits fur- nished the Museum. This statement OFFICERS by may sound overdrawn until one realizes the al- Stanley Field Praident Albert A. Spragub Ftrai Vice-Prendent most unbelievable truth that many children James Simpson Second Vice-PreHdent reach junior high school age without having Third Vice-President Albert W. Harris either the or initiative to visit Clifford C. Gregg Director and Secretary opportunity a a few miles from or Solomon A. Smith. , . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary public park just home, to come into contact with phases of the FIELD MUSEUM NEWS workaday world upon which most must not- rely for their bread and butter. Clifford C. Gregg, Director of the Museum Editor withstanding Quoting from various letters, it is found CONTRIBUTING EDITORS that the Harris Extension exhibits "cor- Paxh. S. Martin Chief Curator of Anthropology related splendidly with the science course," B. E. Dahlgren Chief Curator of Botany "have been used as a means of Henry W. Nichols Chief Curator of Geology stimulating Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology interest in nature study," "bring to the H. B. Harte Managing Editor students information, ideas, and pictures not to be found in books," and "help the teacher Field Museum is open every day of the year (except in illustrating work along with the text- Christmas and New Year's Day) during the hours books." One teacher writes: "This is one indicated below: of the best services that the schools can Novemlwr, Deceml>er, January, February 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. receive," and another states that "Field March, April, September, October 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. May, June, July, August 9 a.m. to 6 P.M. Museum, through the agency of the Harris Science in Schools Aided by Museum is a service to Admission is free to Members on all days. Other Extension, rendering genuine of the School for Children adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and Pupils Spaulding Crippled education." exhibit illustrating the growing and processing Sundays; non-meml>ers pay 25 cents on other days. inspect as it is to receive such of tea. The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Gratifying eulogies, Children are admitted free on all days. Students and Field circulates hundreds of similar exhibits. Museum authorities are aware of faculty members of educational institutions are admit- Museum greater ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. possibilities for the school extension service, • The Museum's natural history Library is open for During the past summer and early fall and believe that developments in the future reference afternoon and daily except Saturday Sunday. numerous letters of appreciation have been will further improve this function of the exhibits are circulated in the schools Traveling of sent to the Museum. From these, as well as Museum. Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department of the Museum. Lectures for and schools, special entertainments Staff Notes and tours for children at the Museum, are provided MUSEUM PUBLISHES PAMPHLET by the James Nelson and Anna Louise luymond ON ITS IN SCHOOLS Dr. C. E. Hellmayr, Associate Curator of Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. WORK who for some years has been in Vienna Announcements of Birds, free illustrated lectures for the Field Museum and Group Education, a he has been on the and lectures for Members of ttie where working prepara- public, special Museum, illustrated with 12 collo- will appear in Field Museum News. 48-page pamphlet tion of the large and important Field issued in A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms type plates, was September by Museum publication, Catalogue of Birds of are provided for those bringing their lunches. Field Museum Press for the use of school the Americas, is now located in London. Motor Chicago Coach Company No. 26 buses go officials, principals, and teachers. It out- direct to the Museum. lines the work carried on by Field Museum Members are requested to inform the Museum Dr. Francis Drouet has been appointed to of Natural school children promptly of changes of address. History among the curatorial staff of the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School through Botany. He assumed his duties on Septem- MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM Extension the James Nelson and Anna and ber 1. Dr. Drouet will have charge of the Field Museum has several classes of Members. Louise Foundation for Public Raymond large collections of cryptogamic plants in Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- School and Children's Lectures. The Harris of He is a tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members the Department Botany. graduate give $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members Extension was founded in 1912 by the late of the University of Missouri, and was Non-Resident pay $100; Associate Members pay $50. Norman Wait Harris, who provided a formerly connected with the Osborn Botani- All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining to which addi- cal of Yale and the Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they generous endowment, large Laboratory University become Associate Members. Annual Members con- tions have since been made by Mr. Albert Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- W. Harris and other members of the Harris Hole, Massachusetts. He also was engaged rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions for a time in research to which he was under these classifications being made by special action family. The Raymond Foundation was special of the Board of Trustees. established in 1925 by Mrs. James Nelson commissioned by the Brazilian government. Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free who endowed it munificently and admission to the Museum for himself, his family and Raymond bouse guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum has continued making contributions for its Mr. Paul McGrew has been appointed lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field support ever since. Assistant in Paleontology in the Department Museum News is included with all The memberships. alumnus of courtesies of every museum of note in the United For the benefit of teachers desiring to of Geology. Mr. McGrew, an States and Canada are extended to all Members of derive the utmost value from these Museum the University of Nebraska, who has special- Field Museum. A Member his may give personal card the booklet contains a classified ized in as a post-graduate to non-residents of services, paleontology Chicago, upon presentation of California and which they will be admitted to the Museum without catalog of the traveling exhibits according student at the Universities of charge. Further information about memberships will to the various sciences and their subdivi- Chicago, will work on the preparation of pre- be sent on request. sions, as prepared by Mr. John R. Millar, historic animal specimens in the Museum research BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS Curator of the Harris Extension; and a laboratories, and will also conduct comprehensive table correlating Museum in this field. Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may exhibits with the studies in the be made in securities, money, books or collections. prescribed They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to public school curriculum for each elementary Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Cur- a or named person cause, by the giver. grade and also for the high schools, as ator of the Herbarium, has returned from a Contributions made within the taxable not year worked out Miss Margaret M. Cornell, collecting trip during which a botanical sur- exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are by collab- the flora of the St. Francis allowable as deductions in computing net income for Chief of the Raymond Foundation, in vey was made of federal income tax purposes. oration with school officials. River in Wayne County, Missouri. The Endowments be made to may the Museum with the The heads of educational institutions may purpose was the rescuing of valuable plant provision that an annuity be paid to the for life. patron to records which would be lost when the region These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in have copies of the pamphlet on request amount, and may reduce federal income taxes. the Director of the Museum. is flooded by the Wappapello Dam. October, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page S

BOTANICAL EXPEDITION RETURNS features. Exhibited are elaborately carved FROM BAY OF FUNDY Singhalese masks used in dances for exor- THINGS YOU MAY HAVE MISSED cising demons, and others of kings, queens Bringing three 35-gallon barrels filled with and heroes used in semi-historical plays. Model of the Taj Mahal about 800 pounds of specimens representing Models of boats and carts from India, the inter-tidal vegetation of the Bay of Ceylon, Burma and Siam show types now An alabaster model of the famous Taj in a exhibit of Fundy, for use proposed crowded out by more efficient but less Mahal, which exquisitely reproduces in Mr. marine plant life, John R. Millar, picturesque methods of transportation. miniature every important detail of that leader of the Sewell Botanical beautiful structure at is Avery Expe- Far off the usual tourist route is a side Agra, India, now dition to Nova Scotia, returned to his installed the exhibits in a new Ori- post trip to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, among at Field Museum last month. ental hall last month. in the Bay of Bengal, where dwell two (Hall L) opened Millar has the shores The in addition to Mr. been exploring nearly extinct groups of primitive peoples. model, giving an accu- the of the rate of the of the of Bay Fundy, collecting material, Their weapons and fishing equipment, to- impression appearance color notes for white marble is itself and making photographs and gether with curious ornaments and ugly mausoleum, an inter- in the construction of the of the native guidance projected wooden "scare devils" used to frighten away esting example art of the since the middle of The alabaster has been ecological group, July. "evil spirits," fill one section of the hall. country. skillfully The scene of was in the carved to this architectural principal operations Burma and Siam constitute a region with represent gem of about miles of with its and tall vicinity Sandy Cove, twenty curious contrasts between the primitive India, magnificent dome, south of on the narrow intricately fashioned minarets at each of the Digby rocky penin- cultures of their back country areas, and the sula between the of and St. four corners of the temple's terrace faith- Bay Fundy advanced cultures of the cities. Two large were also made in fully reproduced. The strikingly executed Mary's Bay. Surveys Siamese shadow figures, mounted on glass and New and on the United States white marble trellis-work screens of the Brunswick, illuminated from behind, show them as they side of the of which admit into the central Bay Fundy. would appear to the spectator at a shadow original, light of offered apartment, have been with The Bay Fundy exceptional play. Certain Siamese pottery on display is reproduced for the of painstaking exactness in the model. collecting conditions gathering of a type now rarely found. and other marine because of its The of the Mahal was kelps plants The traveler now goes northward, and building Taj begun extreme tidal conditions, the difference be- in 1632 and finished in 1653, at the order of arrives at Korea, which is closely linked in tween and low water levels the Shah Jahan, to honor the high reaching culture to China (amply represented in other Emperor as much as feet at the head of the of his wife, the Empress Arjumand fifty bay. Museum halls). Besides tools, household memory Mr. Millar was valuable assistance Banu Bogam. The first word of her title given objects, and personal ornaments of every and Nova Scotian "Mumtaz Mahall" (the Chosen One of the co-operation by govern- sort, there is an attractive display of Korean ment officials and scientists of the Provincial clothing, of both commonplace and elaborate Museum at Halifax. types. Several cases contain wedding and of seaweed collected The various types mourning clothes, and some of the finest been in have preserved formaldehyde pre- examples preserved anywhere of the strictly liminary to further treatment for their use regulated ceremonial costumes and armor in the Museum exhibit. Additional material of the old Korean court. The Koreans are for use in the group will be prepared in the the great archers of eastern Asia—therefore Laboratories of Plant Reproduction the an interesting part of the exhibit shows Department of Botany. their archery equipment. North of Korea, beyond Manchuria, is A STAY-AT-HOME TOUR OF ASIA eastern Siberia, whose indigenous tribes or IN NEW MUSEUM HALL lived by hunting, fishing, herding. Their clothing, made from fishskin, leather or fur, C. Martin Wilbur By often highly decorated, reflects their economy, of and Curator Chinese Archaeology Ethnology as do their simple tools and weapons. A fascinating journey of exploration Those mysterious folk, the Ainu, who live through Asia, such as many dream of but in the island of Yezo (Hokkaido) in northern few can take, awaits those who enter the Japan, are the last people to be visited. In India's Architectural Gem of the new Hall of Asiatic Ethnology (Hall L), ancient times they dwelt over most Model of the Taj Mahal, carved in alabaster by a opened to the public last month. The islands of Japan, but were slowly driven sculptor of the region near Agra where the original mausoleum stands. The miniature with to northward the relentless advance of the reproduces exhibits include objects no longer be found by delicate the intricate details of the are a mere remnant accuracy building. in their places of origin. They were pre- Japanese. Now they On exhibition in Hall L of the Museum. pared by Dr. Albert B. Lewis, of the of a once vigorous race of hunters and Department of Anthropology staff. fishers. Formerly their strangely orna- Palace) has been corrupted into "Taj," thus mented was made of elm the mausoleum the Mahal. Begin the tour with India. In this land clothing bark, giving name Taj or in winter of fur and skin; now The structure cost and of many peoples and diverse customs, civil- fishskin, nearly $23,000,000, most often wear made from worked for 22 in er- ization was already old in the time of they clothing 20,000 men daily years Alexander the Great. In an inset case are Japanese cotton. Their household objects, ecting it. The spandrels, angles, and archi- and all are decorated in tectural details are inlaid with blood- displayed early Indian sculptures which weapons, clothing, agates, a art. and other veritably reflect Alexander's conquest in geometric stones, jaspers semi-precious gems. 328-326 B.C. Among those who appear as donors of The temple is 186 feet square; its dome reach- es 191 feet in Material from more recent times in India gift material in the collections in this hall height. are: the late Martin A. the late The Museum's model of the Mahal is fills nearly half the hall. Boys should Ryerson, Taj H. N. Mrs. a from Mr. of delight in the collection of weapons and Higinbotham, Douglas Smith, gift Sidney Weiss, Chicago. Mrs. James W. Mr. Richard armor, by no means primitive, including Scott, Matteson, Mr. Robert H. Mr. F. P. swords of fine steel, daggers, spears, and Baker, Bhumgara, Mr. Theodore A. Mr. Frederick R. YOU SHOULD READ— battle axes, as well as enormous rhinoceros Shaw, Mr. Robert H. Fleming, Mrs. hide or metal shields and spiked steel hel- Babcock, Pheasants, Their Lives and Homes, James Mr. Gustavus Goward, Mr. mets. Indian textiles will please women Horton, by William Beebe, Director of Tropical C. Cutting, Mr. Paul J. Rupprecht, visitors: rich brocaded silks, dyed or woven Suydam Research, New York Zoological Society. Mr. E. B. Grossman, Miss Caroline Wicker, in many colors, for shawls and other feminine the late Edward E. Miss Katherine "A magnificent edition of Beebe's apparel. There are turbans worn by men Ayer, the Gaekwar of famous Monograph of the Pheasants, of various Indian regions, castes or occu- Reed, Maharaja Baroda, Mr. Homer E. the late H. the most authoritative work ever pro- pations, and the male visitor, be he street Sargent, Cyrus the late Arthur B. the duced on this important, colorful and sweeper or banker, may find the hat he McCormick, Jones, late William the of fascinating family of birds," says Rud- would wear if he lived in India. Collections Wrigley, Jr., Maharaja T. H. Mrs. L. N. Knee- yerd Boulton, Curator of Birds at Field of curious musical instruments, ornamental Jaipur, Mr. Pandian, the late Mrs. Elizabeth Chris- Museum. Profusely illustrated with brasses beautifully engraved or inlaid and land, Dunlap and Mr. E. D. Hester. half-tones, and thirty plates in color by incrusted with silver, and carved wooden tie, Fuertes, Lodge, Thorburn, and other architectural ornaments, will hold the atten- artists. More than 600 pages of text. tion of those interested in the arts. Three Etruscan painted sarcophagi from At the Off the tip of India lies Ceylon. The about 500 B.C. form a noteworthy exhibit MUSEUM BOOK SHOP: $3.50. culture of this island has many unique in Edward E. and Emma B. Ayer Hall. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS October, 1938

RIBBON AND BEARDED SEALS Paleontologist Returns from Europe TWO CONTRIBUTORS ELECTED TO MUSEUM PRESENTED Mr. Bryan Patterson, Assistant Curator of Mrs. Leslie Wheeler, of Lake Forest, has returned to the Two excellent specimens of ribbon seal, Paleontology, Museum Illinois, and Mr. Sewell Avery, of Evanston, from a in the and four of bearded seal, collected in the study trip Europe. He spent Illinois, were elected as Contributors (the month of at Cape Prince of Wales region in northern July the Laboratoire de Paleon- membership classification designating those National d'Histoire Alaska, have been presented to Field Mu- tologie. Museum Natu- who have contributed $1,000 to $100,000 to seum by Mr. Carl Dreutzer, of Chicago. relle, Paris, studying the collection of fossil the Museum in money or materials) at a Mr. Dreutzer has also presented semi-fos- mammals from the early Tertiary of Pata- meeting of the Board of Trustees held silized skulls of a musk-ox and an extinct gonia. During August he was at the British September 19. Museum in London work- horse. (Natural History) Mrs. Wheeler has generously contributed on the collection of fossil birds The ribbon seals are striking in appear- ing Ameghino sums for the support and expansion of from to this ance because of their extraordinary color Patagonia. Upon returning the Museum's collection of birds of prey Mr. Patterson ten in pattern consisting of blackish gray banded country, spent days which was built up by her late husband. at the American Museum of Natural with a ring of white. They are veritable study Mr. Wheeler was a 'Trustee of the institution, New and at Princeton Uni- harlequins of the sea, and it is planned to use History, York, and Research Associate in Ornithology on The results of the summer's work the specimens in a habitat group. versity. the Museum staff. will facilitate research on the Mu- The bearded seals are known to the Eski- greatly Mr. Avery has furnished funds for the seum's extensive collection mos as "oogruks," and zoologists designate paleontological carrying on of four important expeditions from South America. The trip was made them by the scientific name Erignathus bar- operating during the current yeas: a zoologi- a awarded the batus. They are notable for their long stiff possible by grant-in-aid by cal expedition to British Guiana, botanical American Association of Museums from a whiskers. Included in Mr. Dreutzer's gift expeditions to the Bay of Fundy and to fund the are an adult male nine feet long, an eight- provided by Carnegie Corporation Guatemala, and a geological expedition foot female, a yearling, and a cub of the 1938 of New York. The institutions visited making collections both in western and east- breeding season. extended the utmost co-operation. ern sections of the United States. — THIS MONTH AT FIELD MUSEUM Wednesday "Looms and Textiles." NEW MEMBERS Thursday—a general synopsis of anthropological, A Special Event Every Day botanical, geological and zoological exhibits. The following persons were elected to Friday—"Food Plants America Has Given the membership in Field Museum during the During October Field Museum is offering World." period from August 16 to September 15: for its Members and the general public a Saturday, October 8— — 10 and 11 A.M.— Foundation for variety of free illustrated lectures, daily Raymond program Associate Members children (Simpson Theatre); "An Alpine Shepherd tours George Clinch Melcher, Rev. Peter H. Pyterek guide-lecture tours, and special Sunday Lad," "The Story of the Geysers," "The Throne of conducted by the Layman Lecturer, Mr. the Gods." Annual Members —2:30 P.M.—Lecture for adults (Simpson Theatre) Paul G. Dallwig. There will also be a series Dr. A. F. Bokman, E. C. Christensen, Mrs. C. H. "Around Again in the Yankee"—Captain Irving of free for Dehning, Carl Dreutzer, Alfred E. Ellis, E. A. Eulass, motion picture entertainments Johnson, of Massachusetts. Springfield, Joseph M. Hammerman, Max E. Immerwahr, Isidor children on Saturday mornings, presented October 9—2 P.M.— Lecture Tour— Sunday, Layman — Lang, Mrs. John 'T. McGreer, Robert W. McKisson, by the James Nelson and Anna Louise "Digging Up the Caveman's Past" Paul G. H. B. Meyer, John C. Murphy, John H. Riley, Dr. Otto Raymond Foundation for Public School Dallwig. Schwartz, Mrs. Merle J. Trees. and Children's Lectures. Week beginning October 10 —Guide-lecture tours, 3 P.M.: Monday—"Cultures of the South Seas." The Raymond Foundation programs, and Tuesday—"The— Story of Coal." Gifts to the Museum the Saturday lectures for adults, will be Wednesday— "Rare and Unusual Birds." given in the James Simpson Theatre. Chil- Thursday a general synopsis of anthropological, Following is a list of some of the principal and exhibits. dren's at 10 and 11 botanical, geological zoological received the last month: programs begin a.m.; Friday —"American Archaeology." gifts during lectures for adults at 2:30 p.m. The From Dr. Fritz Haas— a bow and 14 arrows of the regular Saturday, October 15— Vachokwe West from Dr. Earl E. Sherflf guide-lecture tours, given daily except Satur- — 10 and 11 A.M.—Raymond Foundation program tribe, Africa: — 123 herbarium specimens, Hawaii; from Centro for children (Simpson Theatre) : "Jenny Wren and day and Sunday, begin at 3 p.m., and the National de —61 herbarium Her Neighbors," and "Columbus and His Son." Agricultura specimens, lecture tours at 2 p.m. For the from Jardim Botanico — 105 herbarium Sunday Sun- —2:30 P.M. —Lecture for adults (Simpson Theatre) Costa Rica: from Professor Manuel Valerio —28 day tours, which are limited to adults, it is "Jacklighting Wild Animals for tlie Movies"— specimens, Brazil; herbarium Costa Rica; from Professor to reservations in advance Howard Cleaves, of Staten Island, New York. specimens, necessary make by Bernardo Rosengurtt —35 herbarium specimens, Uru- October 16 —2 p.m.—Layman Lecture Tour— — mail or telephone (Wabash 9410). Parti- Sunday, — guay: from Miss Neva Palmer 40 herbarium speci- "Digging Up the Caveman's Past" Paul G. New from Dr. C^sar C. — 111 cipants in both the daily and Sunday tours mens, Mexico: Vargas Dallwig. herbarium specimens, Peru; from Dr. August Ginz- assemble with lecturers at North Entrance. —344 herbarium Amazonian Week beginning October 17— Guide-lecture tours, 3 p.m.: berger specimens, Brazil; Guide-lecturers' services for tours —59 herbarium special Monday—"Geology Halls." from Felix Woytkowski specimens, from Dr. Field—2 of beach by parties of ten or more are available free Tuesday— "Strange Members of the Plant Family," Peru: Henry specimens sand, Denmark; from J. O. Shead—9 barite roses, of with the Director Wednesday— "Skeletons, Past and Present." specimens charge by arrangement Oklahoma; from Professor L. A. Higley — 12 siderite Thursday—a general synopsis of anthropological. a week in advance. South from S. M. —a botanical, geological and zoological exhibits. concretions. Dakota; Snyder from Al —5 mud No tickets are necessary for admission Friday— "Indians of the Northwest Coast." petroleum geode, Illinois: Pflueger turtles, Florida; from Gordon Grant—9 specimens of to the Saturday lectures for adults. A Saturday, October 22 — — — California killy-fish; from David C. Smiley 6 beetles, section of the Theatre is reserved for Mem- — 10 and 11 A.M. Raymond Foundation program for India; from University of Miami—2 freshwater turtles, children Theatre): "Nature's Bugaboo," R. W. Buxton— 15 bers of the Museum, each of whom is entitled (Simpson Bahama Islands: from frogs, lizards, "Pirates of the Deep," "A Siamese Journey," "The and snakes, New Mexico: from Albert A. Enzenbacher to two reserved seats on request. Requests Stork from and "The Seventh — Arthur S. Lees—5 bee- Family Poland," 6 turtles and 43 snakes:—from for these seats may be made by telephone or Wonder." tles; from Carl Dreutzer 2 bearded seal skins, and a —2:30 P.M. —Lecture for adults (Simpson Theatre) from Colonel in writing to the Museum, in advance of the semi-fossilized skull of musk-ox, Alaska: "Our Stone-Pelted Planet"— Dr. H. H. Nininger, Warren R. Roberts —an excellent mounted specimen of and seats will be held in the Mem- lecture, of Denver, Colorado. white marlin, Miami; from J. W. Hedge—4 beetles; ber's name until 2:30 p.m. on the of the — — — R. S. —31 from day Sunday, October 23 2 p.m. Layman Lecture Tour from Sturgis mammals,— Wyoming; lecture. All reserved seats not claimed by "Digging Up the Caveman's Past" —Paul G. Chicago Zoological Society 8 mammals and 4 birds; from Kenneth Bonk—a juvenile milk snake; from will available to the Dallwig. 2:30 P.M. be general Robert Burton—a beetle necklace, Brazil; and valuable Week beginning October 24 —Guide-lecture tours, 3 P.M. : public. books for the Library from H. D. Tjeenk Willink, Dr. —"Races of Mankind." Monday Fritz Haas, Carnegie Corporation of New York, and Following is a chronologically arranged —"Trees and Their Uses." Tuesday Karl P. Schmidt. table showing the special events scheduled Wednesday— "Valuable Fur-bearers." —a general of for each day of the month : Thursday synopsis anthropological, botanical, geological and zoological exhibits. Distinguished Visitors —"Ancient Burials." October 1 — Friday Saturday, recent visitors re- — 10 and 11 A.M. —Raymond Foundation program for Saturday, October 29— Among distinguished children (Simpson Theatre); "The China Plate" — 10 and 11 A.M. —Raymond Foundation program ceived at Field Museum were Dr. Carl G. (Disney color cartoon), "Water Boy," "The Isle for children (Simpson Theatre): "," Aim, of the Botanical Garden of the Uni- of Desire" including "Enchanting Tahiti," (Disney Cartoon), "Work Dogs of the North," of Sweden; Dr. Francis W. "Manea Battles an Octopus," and "Walking upon "A Young Explorer," "Ikpuk, the Igloo Dweller," versity Upsala, Hot Stones." and "Gathering Moss." Pennell, of the Philadelphia Academy of — — — for —^2:30 P.M. Lecture for adults (Simpson Theatre) 2:30 P.M. Lecture adults (Simpson Theatre) Natural Sciences, and Miss Camilla Best, "A Winter in Oaxaca"—Dr. W. H. Camp, of the "Birds and Animals of the Far North" —Com- of Visual New New York Botanical Garden. mander Donald MacMillan, of Provincetown, Director Aids, Orleans, Massachusetts. Louisiana. Sunday, October 2—2 P.M. —Layman Lecture Tour— "Digging Up the Caveman's Past" —Paul G. Sunday, October 30—2 P.M. —Layman Lecture Tour— the Caveman's Past" —Paul G. Dallwig. "Digging Up The principal vegetable foods of New Week October 3—Guide-lecture tours, 3 p.m.: Dallwig. beginning — World origin are represented in an exhibit —"Fish, Amphibians and Reptiles." Monday, October 31 Guide-lecture tour, 3 P.M.: "The Monday in Hall 25. Tuesday —"Life in the Far North." Horse and Its Relatives." PRINTED BT LO MUSEUM PRESS ifflPNews Published Monthly by Field Mvseum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 9 NOVEMBER, 1938 No. 11

NARWHALS, SMALL WHALES ARMED WITH SPEARS, ARE SHOWN IN NEW EXHIBIT By Wilfred H. Osgood caught, the original specimen weighed about breathe. At times it is trapped in shallow Chief Curator, Department of Zoology 2,200 pounds. bays where deep ice prevents its return to One of the most unusual "groups" ever The narwhal is rather closely related to wider seas, and then it is easily captured to be made as a museum exhibit has just the beluga or white whale, but differs from in large numbers by natives who use it for been opened in the Hall of Marine Mam- this and all other whales and dolphins in its food and many other purposes. mals (Hall N). This is no less than a group long rapier-like tusk. This tusk, which is Although most other whales and dolphins of whales—small whales to be sure, but an elongated tooth, is developed only in the are plain in color, the narwhal is marbled nevertheless whales in the broad sense of the male and appears to be no more than a or mottled with grayish or brownish on a term. It is, so far as known, the first habitat distinctive mark of sex rather than an organ creamy background. There is much vari- group of whales to be shown in any museum. of defense or offense. Despite its threaten- ation, and very aged individuals may be A few years ago Captain Robert A. Bart- ing appearance, the narwhal is reported to almost entirely white. The narwhal feeds lett, the well-known Arctic explorer, was be a very inoffensive animal. It has never on soft-bodied marine life, and some fishes, commissioned to obtain for the Museum been known to attack a boat as the sword- including even those as large as halibut.

Narwhals—A Small Species of Whale New habitat group added to the Hall of Marine Mammals. The animals are reproduced in cellulose-acetate, in conformity with original specimens and data collected by an expedition led by Captain Robert A. Bartlett, noted Arctic explorer. The group was prepared by Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Walters, inventor of the process used in making the reproductions, and Assistant Taxidermist E. G. Laybourne. The background, representing the submerged part of an iceberg, was painted by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert.

specimens of the peculiar cetacean known as fish does, and animals wounded or killed These it crushes with its tough jaws and the narwhal. These he found in Inglefield by its spear are never found. Normally swallows without mastication, since it has Gulf, North Greenland. Skins of males with only one tusk, on the left side, is evident, no functional teeth. tusks, females without tusks, and young, while a second remains in rudimentary con- The cellulose-acetate process used in pre- were preserved, and photographs, measure- dition on the other side. Occasionally both paring this group has been applied in the ments, and careful notes were taken by Dr. are developed to nearly or quite the same past to the preparation of exhibits of rep- Soutter, a member of the party. Owing to length. Tusks six to eight feet long are not tiles, and to large mammals such as the the delicate structure of the skins it was uncommon. They are spirally twisted, hippopotamus and rhinoceros. For hairless not possible to use them in preserved form hollow almost to the tip, and very brittle, or nearly hairless creatures of these kinds, for the exhibit, but they served as an so the ivory has but little value commerci- the Walters process. Museum authorities are accurate and reliable basis for life-size ally. agreed, produces more satisfactory, and models in cellulose-acetate which were pre- What is known of the habits of this actually "more natural" results than are pared by Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Walters animal must be gleaned from the reports of obtainable from mounting the real skins, assisted by Mr. Edgar G. Laybourne. whalers and Arctic explorers or from the because the latter do not retain their color, These have been arranged as a group with accounts given by natives. Few naturalists and their texture is susceptible to changes in the skins of a background, painted by Staff Artist ever have seen it, and careful observations not encountered mounting Arthur G. Rueckert, which represents the are scanty. It is confined to icy northern other kinds of animals. In some cases, the submerged base of an iceberg, a typical seas, and only in rare instances has it Walters process is used in preparing— hairless habitat of the species. Four animals are wandered as far south as the British Isles. parts of otherwise hairy animals for exam- shown: two males, a female, and a newly- It goes in small schools numbering up to ple, the faces of monkeys -for use with the born young. The largest has a body fifteen twenty or more. Being a warm-blooded original skin of the body which is then feet long, and a tusk seven feet long. When animal, it must come to the surface to mounted by the more conventional methods. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS November, 1938

Field Museum of Natural History QUARTZ VARIETIES COLLECTED jects for investigation before him. The items of Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 IN PACIFIC NORTHWEST greatest interest appeared to be the canoe and Roosevelt Road and Field Drive, Chicago By Albert J. Walcott wigwam models, a mask, a Chippewa woman's work-bag trimmed with porcupine A Field Museum expedition to Oregon, THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES quills, and a bark sheath holding a knife car- Washington and Wyoming was recently con- SEWBa.L L. AvBRV CHAioja A. McCxnxocH rying five notches at the base of the blade. ducted by the writer to collect varieties of Leopold E. Bux;k William H. Mitchell After the meeting in the Lecture Hall the William J. Chalmers George A. Richardson cryptocrystalline quartz. Specimens ob- group was taken to exhibition halls in which Albert B. Dick, Jr. Theodore Roosevelt tained will be used for a proposed exhibit N. Field Fred W. the uses of the birch tree are illustrated. Joseph Sargent to this Marshall Field James Simpson devoted especially mineral, which Stanley Field Solomon A. Smith was formed in volcanic rock formations of MUSEUM GEOLOGIST ASSEMBLES Albert W. Harris Albert A. Spragub comparatively recent geological age. Vari- Silas H. Samuel Insull, Jr. Strawn ous were formed in NOTABLE COLLECTION John P. Wilson types originally rhyolite, basalt and volcanic over which there As a result of a series of OFFICERS ash, expeditions during is a series of lava flows. the past few years, the last of which was Stanley Field Presidenl is concluded with the return Albert A. Spragub First Vice-President In the rhyolite formation found a in October of James Simpson Second Vice-President unique occurrence of agate known locally Mr. Sharat K. Roy, Curator of Geology, Harris Third Albert W. Vice-President as "thunder eggs." These are roughly Field Museum now possesses what is prob- CliffordC. Gregg Director and Secretary nodules varying in size from one ably the most comprehensive of all collec- Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary spherical inch to one foot in diameter. They have tions in America illustrating phenomena a hard wall of fine embraced in the of FIELD MUSEUM NEWS compact very grained subject physical geology. material, highly silicified. An irregularly Since June, Mr. Roy, as leader of the Clifford C. Gregg, Director of the Museum. . . .Editor shaped hollow space inside is filled with Sewell Avery Geological Expedition, has CONTRIBUTING EDITORS chalcedony which forms different types of been collecting rocks illustrating the work Paul S. Martin Chief Curator of Anthropology beautiful agates. As the exposed rock of of various dynamic agents, and specimens B. E. Dahlgren Curator Chief of Botany the relief structures crumbles illustrating structural features of the outer Henry W. Nichols Chief Curator of Geology many away of the earth. Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology the nodules are released. Some lie on the part In addition, he collected H. B. Harte Managing Editor surface, and some are covered to a depth an excellent representation of semi-precious of several feet, on the sage covered plains. minerals such as beryl, jasper, garnet, epi- tourmaline. fields Field Museum is open every day of the year (except Agates of another kind, and geodes, dote, and The worked Christmas and New Year's Day) during the hours originally formed in basalt, are also found included the mountains of Colorado and Indicated below; closely associated with thunder eggs. Some South Dakota, and various localities in New 9 November, December, January, February A.M. to 4 P.M. of these include in York State and New England. Mr. March, September, October 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. plume-like designs deep Roy April, was in the May, June, July, August 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. brilliant reds, yellows, and greens. Such Cape Cod region during the recent agates are known as plume agates, flower disastrous hurricane, but escaped without Admission is free to Members on all days. Other color effects to himself or to the collec- adults are admitted tree on Thursdays, Saturdays and agates and moss agates. The injury damage Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. are due to the presence of iron compounds. tions. Children are admitted free on all days. Students and this Field secured members of On expedition Museum faculty educational institutions are admit- Distinguished Visitors ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. more than 300 specimens of high quality.

recent visitors re- The Museum's natural history Library is open for Among them are: thunder eggs, red, green Among distinguished reference daily except Saturday afternoon and Sunday. and yellow jaspers, chalcedony, chalcedony ceived at Field Museum were Mr.V. F. Fisher, Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of wood, jasper wood, opal wood, silicified ethnologist at Auckland Museum, Auckland, Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension teredo bored silicified termite bored New Zealand; Dr. Paul Wallace of Department of the Museum. wood, Gregory silicified volcanic ash, agates, the College of Agriculture, University of Lectures for schools, and special entertainments wood, plume Dr. Walter of the and tours for children at the Museum, are provided fluorescent chalcedony, opal containing cin- California; Granger, the James by Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond nabar, silicified algae, and black chalcedony. American Museum of Natural History, New Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. Also collected were a large piece of petrified York; Mr. Alvin Seale, Director of Steinhart Announcements of tree illustrated lectures tor the log of beautiful red jasper, a log cast con- Aquarium, San Francisco, and Mr. Charles public, and special lectures for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field Museum News. sisting of an outer band of fine blue chal- E. Jackson, Acting Commissioner, Bureau of A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms cedony with a core of rock crystal quartz, Fisheries, Washington, D. C. are provided for those bringing their lunches. and a large geode, about 160 pounds, lined Motor Chicago Coach Company No. 26 buses go with excellent quartz crystals. Gifts to the direct to the Museum. Museum Field Museum was fortunate in having Members are requested to inform the Museum Following is a list of some of the principal of of the co-operation of Dr. H. C. Dake, editor promptly changes address. gifts received during the last month: of The Mineralogist, Portland, Oregon. From Abb6 Henri Breuil—13 of views at other rendered valuable negatives MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM Many mineralogists Cap Blanc, Dordogne, France; from Irving Knobloch— to the Field Museum has several classes ot Members. assistance expedition. 98 herbarium— specimens, Mexico; from Dr. Earl E. Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- Sherff 1 1 herbarium specimens, Hawaii, and 133 nega- tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members tives ot type— specimens of plants; from Rev. Brother give $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members RAYMOND FOUNDATION AIDS H. Daniel 75 herbarium specimens, Colombia; from pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. Miss Ruth Patrick, Miss Joan Bader, Dr. Fred A. All the above classes are SCHOOL RADIO PROGRAM exempt from dues. Sustaining Barkley, and Harold C. Bold —specimens of algae; Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they By Margaret M. Cornell from Centro Nacional de Agricultura— 59 herbarium become Associate Members. Annual Members con- James Nelson and Anna Louise specimens, Costa Rica; from William E. Menzel—4 tribute $10 annually. Other are Chief, Raymond memberships Corpo- Foundation specimens pyrite concretions and a of chalce- rate, Honorary, Patron, and specimen Corresponding, additions Kansas and from Professor under these classifications made dony concretion, Wyoming; being by special action The James Nelson and Anna Louise L. A. —9 of the Board ot Trustees. Higley colored lantern slides and six photo- Foundation of Field Museum is graphs; from William B. Hilton and G. Bradley Harris Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free Raymond —66 fossil plants, Colorado; from Miss Bertha Gor- admission to the Museum tor himself, his family and again co-operating with the Public School don—one specimen of and 4 volcanic house guests, and to two reserved seats tor Museum Broadcasting Council in presenting a series gillespite splatter lectures tor Members. bombs, California; from University of Chicago—8,424 provided Subscription to Field broadcasts. October 4 at Museum News is of science On fishes, 11 lots of invertebrates, and 5 from included with all memberships. The — mammals; courtesies ot every museum of note in the United 1:30 o'clock, over station WJJD, a group of Dr. Hurst Shoemaker 248—fishes and 14 lots of inverte- States and Canada are extended to all Members of boys and several adults presented a sketch brates; from Stanley Field a ruby-throated humming Field Museum. A Member from —a may give his personal card based on a visit to Field Museum and the bird bird, Illinois; Chicago Zoological Society giant to non-residents of Chicago, upon of eland, a Cook's boa, and a paca; from Lincoln Park which presentation they will be admitted to the iluseum without sanctuary in Lincoln Park. This was supple- Zoo—a guereza monkey and a Javanese water snake; charge. Further information about memberships will mented on October 6 a from Dr. Henry Field — 19 toads, newts, and snakes, be sent by foUowup program on request. and 3 and at the Museum. Boys and girls, chosen to geological specimens, England, Norway, Sweden; from Clark W. Walter— 12 minerals, 3 fossils, their respective schools, met at BEQUESTS AND ENDOW.MENTS represent and 1,200 shells; from Dr. B. H. Hawkins —a western 11 A.M. and again at 2 p.m. in the Lecture diamond-back Arkansas; from J. M. Orozco Bequests to Field Museum ot Natural History rattlesnake, be may informal was — 6 Costa from Clark —4 made in securities, money, books or collections. Hall where an talk, "Birches," fly larvae, Rica; Philip snakes, .\. — and a They may, it desired, take the form of a memorial to given by a member of the Raymond Founda- Malaysia; from R. Schneider a turtle snake, a person or cause, named the Illinois; from C. M. Barber—4 snakes, 3 frogs, and a by giver. tion staff. An exhibit of birch bark objects from Dr. Amschler— 543 Contributions made within the taxable year not turtle, -Arkansas; Wolfgang 15 cent ot made by various tribes of Indians and Eski- from Dr. and Mrs. Paul Rudnick— exceeding per the taxpayer's net income are beetles, Austria; — allowable as deductions in computing net income tor mos was so placed that the group could han- 2 pin rattle snakes, Texas; from Eugene G. F. Falck lederal income tax Miss Jean Niel- purposes. dle and observe each closely. 2 specimens ot polygyra, Indiana; from Endowments —a Claire Nemec— may be made to the Museum with the were and an sen juvenile blue racer; from Miss provision that an Questions asked, unusually the annuity be paid to the patron for life. a crayfish, Illinois; and valuable books for Library Ihese obtained of what an annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in clear idea was upper from Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, Karl P. Schmidt, and amount, may reduce federal income taxes. grade child will do when he has actual ob- Dr. Francis Drouet, and Dr. D. E. W. Lazell. November, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page S

THE HORNED CROCODILE Museum publication, Ceralosuchus burdoshi. EXPEDITION TO SOUTHWEST OF WESTERN COLORADO The new form is directly allied to an extinct ENDS SUCCESSFUL SEASON form with the formidable name Allognatho- By Kakl p. Schmidt By Paul S. Martin suchus. Chief Curator, Department of Anthropology Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles Another nearly complete skull obtained A final and complete sequence of the A considerable number of triangular pieces by the same party proved also to represent history of the earliest known inhabitants of of fossil bone of singular shape were brought an undescribed form, and is now known southwestern Colorado — the prehistoric from western Colorado the Paleonto- as Leidyosuchus riggsi; it is a relative of the by Basket Maker Indians who the of Field Museum in 1937. true crocodiles. occupied logical Expedition from about a.d. 600 to 1200—will be The consisted of Curator Elmer S. From these and other fossil forms of region party constructed from data and artifacts obtained Riggs, Assistant Curator Bryan Patterson, crocodilians we may hope for a more than during the 1938 season of operations of the Mr. James H. Quinn, of the Division of usually complete understanding of the his- Field Museum Archaeological Expedition to Paleontology, and Mr. Theodore Burdosh tory and evolution of this group of reptiles the Southwest, members of which returned as volunteer assistant. On the return of the in the future. to Chicago last month. party to the Museum, Mr. Patterson and I The skull of the horned crocodile is now From an extensive made in Monte- discussed the fragments at some length, but on exhibition in Ernest R. Graham Hall survey could arrive at no con- zuma County and the adjoining country, it clusion beyond the is known that the workers reached this season the earliest culture horizon of the certainty that they ancient in the cultural and belonged to some un- people. Gaps historical from the work of known type of crocodile sequence previous this filled and there or years were year in, now alligator. can be with the data and Fortunately, a knob traced, objects collected from buried the evolution of bone projecting from villages, an otherwise undistin- of pottery styles, architecture, and other basic cultural for the entire guished piece of rock developments from the 600 to 1200. had caught the eye of period year Mr. Burdosh, and the Furthermore, an entire new field for future block had been brought investigation was opened by the discovery to the Museum. When of a rare and beautiful type of pottery with the rock was chipped red decorations on a buff background, hither- one other area to the away, the insignificant to known from only to W west where a few pieces were first found a external lump proved The was leader belong to a fairly com- few years ago. writer, who and his associate archae- plete skull of a fossil of the expedition, crocodilian allied to the ologists— Messrs. Carl Lloyd, John Rinaldo, Alex and Donald Collier alligators; and on one Spoehr, (graduate the of — posterior corner it bore students of University Chicago) a triangular horn-like Crocodile With Horns definitely established that this new pottery a earlier than a.d. knob which proved to An artist's conception, based on fossil skull, of the appearance in life of a form represents period 600, be identical with the of extinct reptile, new to science, which was discovered by Field Museum Pale- and that it was not a local product. Check- to Colorado. mysterious separate ontological Expedition ing with evidence from archaeological sites to which fields fragments. in New Mexico and Arizona, side were conducted, evidence This development of 'horns," while fre- (Hall 38), together with a restoration of the explorations was obtained indicating that this pottery quent in fossil reptiles of various types, was head as it is believed to have appeared in must have been to Colorado in unknown in the crocodile group. The new life. This restoration, made by Mr. Albert brought between of the two skull consequently becomes the type of a A. Enzenbacher, is reproduced in the accom- early trading peoples or a from the new genus of crocodilians, named, in a recent panying illustration. regions, by migrant people south who at some time predating the Basket-Maker settlements, must have lived in the Colorado or at least AMAZON PLANTS COLLECTED lector and explorer of the Amazon, was temporarily area, it. The evidence thus far BY CURATOR DAHLGREN granted a leave of absence from his work pa-ssed through for the Chamber of Commerce in Belem in obtained seems to point to some relation- Dr. B. E. Chief Curator of between the Colorado cultures and Dahlgren, order that he might take part in the trip ship the of returned in and Mexico Department Botany, up the river. those of the Arizona New October from a journey to Para, Brazil, At the request of one of Field Museum's regions. and the lower Amazon, undertaken especi- The expedition was sponsored by Mr. Life Members, Mr. H. F. Johnson Jr., of to obtain material and photographs President of the Museum. ally Racine, Wisconsin, a visit was made to the Stanley Field, needed for one of the ecological groups in The 1938 season was marked by several S. C. Johnson Company's recently estab- for the Hall of Plant Life. This achievements, reported preparation lished carnauba plantation in Ceara. especially important is to be an aquatic scene showing the largest in Field Museum News (September and of all fresh water plants, the Victoria regia. October). This well-known water lily has, since its YOU WILL ENJOY READING— discovery in 1801, been grown in the prin- NEW MEMBERS cipal botanical gardens of the world, as well They Wrote on Clay, by Edward Chi- The were elected to as many public and private garden pools era, late professor of Assyriology at the following persons in Field Museum the and conservatories. It is already repre- University of Chicago. membership during from 16 to October 15: sented in the Museum, but the new group "Thrilling as a detective story is Pro- period September will show its natural association with other fessor Edward Chiera's lucid tale of the Contributors aquatic plants in its native habitat. The life and thoughts of the ancient Baby- Miss Clara A. Avery*, Sewell L. Avery, Mrs. Leslie Wheeler. Victoria regia is widely scattered over the lonians, revealed to us by their clay rec- inland river systems of South America, but ords," says Richard A. Martin, Curator Associate Members by far the largest number of records of its of Near Eastern Archaeology at Field Dr. Joshua M. Brown, Mrs. Milton S. Florsheim, Mrs. Curtis N. Kimball, Miss Cordelia Ann occurrence are from the region of the middle Museum. The book contains il- Manning, many Frank P. Roesch. Amazon, especially western Para. lustrations. Annual Members From Santarem in Para Dr. Dahlgren At the MUSEUM BOOK SHOP—$3. J. James S. M. B. Mrs. went launch to the new Ford rubber A. Amos, Arcus, Austin, by Charles Bender, .\ndrew R. Bopp, T. Chanock, A. C. plantation at Bella Terra, on the Tapajoz Cronkhite, Clinton O. Dickcn, Hubert C. Ellis, J. E. River. A visit to the elevated land behind San- Calvin, Max Gerber, W. N. Gillett, Mrs. Melvin M. Mrs. Freeman Hinckley, Charles Lowell How- tarem some desirable plant material. Lecture on Museum Expedition Hawley, yielded ard, Mrs. Mary M. JefTreys, John H. Kraft, Leonard The museum of natural history of Para, Dr. Albert J. Walcott lectured on October J. Kugel, Mrs. R. E. Lorentz, Arthur A. Marquart, Miss Ruth G. Miss Ada McDowell, Mrs. O. V. Museu Goeldi, as well as the Brazilian 12 before the local chapter of the American Mason, McGrew, Mi.ss Agnes J. Olsen, Arthur N. Paulsen, federal extended on the results of the Field Mu- authorities, important Gem Society Philip D. Sang, Francis C). Stevens, Marshall K. Strauss. favors to Dr. Dahlgren. Sen. R. Monteiro seum Geological Expedition to the Pacific Francis C. Woolard, \. .Arthur Zangerle. da Costa, well-known Brazilian plant col- Northwest. * Deceased Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS November, 1938

THIS MONTH AT FIELD MUSEUM Change in Visiting Hours Effective November 1 and until A Special Event Every Day , continuing THINGS YOU MA Y HA VE MISSED February 28, winter visiting hours—9 A.M. November Field Museum is offer- During to 4 P.M.—will be observed on weekdays at for its Members and the ing general public Field Museum; 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Sundays. A Prehistoric Venus a variety of free illustrated lectures, daily of the ideal woman in tours, and special Sunday tours Representations guide-lecture and conducted by the Layman Lecturer, Mr. MUSEUM RECEIVES COLLECTION modern, mediaeval, classical, proto- histoTic art resemble the Venus of Paul G. Dallwig. There will also be a series OF 6,640 AFRICAN BIRDS generally Milo. Even from the Late Stone of free motion picture entertainments for portraits The second largest single accession of favored much the same children on Saturday mornings, presented Age physical pro- birds ever received at Field Museum arrived for women. A by the James Nelson and Anna Louise portions striking contrast, in October. It is a magnificent series of is offered Foundation for Public School however, by Aurignacian statuettes Raymond birds collected over a period of twenty years of and Children's Lectures. 30,000 years ago, reproductions of which by Sir Frederick J. Jackson while he was are exhibited in the Hall of the Stone Age The Raymond Foundation programs, and Lieutenant-Governor of Kenya, and Gover- (Hall C). the Saturday lectures for adults, will be Africa. col- nor of , in East The One of the most famous of these is the given in the James Simpson Theatre. Chil- lection contains approximately 6,640 speci- "Venus of Lespugue." The in the dren's programs begin at 10 and 11 A.M.; original, mens belonging to more than six hundred Musee National at lectures for adults at 2:30 p.m. The regular species. Saint-Germain-en- guide-lecture tours, given daily except Satur- ^^ Also received was the sumptuous three- Laye, near Paris, day and Sunday, begin at 3 p.m., and the ^B volume work on the birds of East Africa was found in 1922 Sunday lecture tours at 2 p.m. For the Sun- _^^L by Sir Frederick, posthumously published by Dr. Rene de tours, which are limited to adults, it is ^^^^^^ day within the last few months. This work con- Saint-Perier in the necessary to make reservations in advance by fl^^^^k tains all the notes and observations made Haute-Garonnedis- mail or telephone (Wabash 9410). Parti- ^fl^^^HB by the collector on the specimens which are trict, France. cipants in both the daily and Sunday tours P^^^Br«1 now the property of the Museum.—R.B. 1 This statuette, I ^^^ assemble with lecturers at North Entrance. ' carved from mam- Guide-lecturers' services for special tours moth ivory, has a of ten or more are available free Staff Notes by parties small ovoid head of charge by arrangement with the Director Mr. Clifford C. Director of the Mu- Gregg, bearing no vestige a week in advance. seum, gave a radio talk on "What Field Mu- of a face. This omis- tickets are for admission seum Means to You" on the No necessary Montparnasse sion might suggest to the Saturday lectures for adults. A program over station WIND on the evening that the artist mini- section of the Theatre is reserved for Mem- of October 15. Director re- Recently Gregg mized the physiog- bers of the each of whom is entitled turned from a tour of the East which Museum, during nomy in portraying to two reserved seats on request. Requests he visited leading museums and similar insti- his idea of a beauti- for these seats may be made by telephone or tutions in the principal cities. Among the ful woman, but in to the in advance of the cities in which Mr. extended Field writing Museum, Gregg more probably some and seats will be held in the Mem- contacts were Phila- lecture, Museum's Pittsburgh, superstition pre- ber's name until 2:30 p.m. on the day of the delphia, New York, Boston, Cambridge, vented the **Venu8" carving lecture. All reserved seats not claimed by Newark, and Washington. features. Even to- view of 2:30 p.m. will be available to the general Posterior pre- historic statuette represent- day some primitive public. Mr. Clarence B. Mitchell, Research Asso- ing, stylistically, an early peoples believe an is a beauty ideal. Following chronologically arranged ciate in Photography, has returned to the evil spell can be cast table the events scheduled showing special Museum after several months in California, through an image of a person's face. Where for each day of the month: and has resumed his work of making color the face of the Venus of Lespugue ought to of exhibits. Mr. there are lines hair. Week beginning November 1 —Guide-lecture toure, photographs outstanding be, engraved representing 3 FM.: Mitchell is one of the volunteer workers who The chest is narrow and flat, the shoulders Tuesday—"Jades and Gems." have been giving the Museum extremely val- round and sloping. Large, pendulous breasts — of Siam and Wednesday "Glimpses India, Burma, services. much of the normal abdominal Korea." uable occupy are and Thursday—a general synopsis of anthropological, region. The hips grotesquely wide, which botanical,— geological and zoological exhibits. Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, Curator of Birds, the large thighs taper to short legs Friday "Cereals and Palms." feet. The — last month attended the annual meeting of terminate in stylized upper part Saturday, November 5 the American Ornithologists' Union, held at of the back is narrow and flat, thus accentu- —10 and 11 A.M.—Raymond Foundation program Washington. ating the extreme size of the hips. A peculiar for children (Simpson Theatre) : "Shades of Noah" covers the back of the legs. (color), "Songs of the Plantations," and "Thrills fringed garment on the Faroe Islands." — The accentuation of female characters prob- — — Saturday, November 19 2:30 p.m. Lecture for adults (Simpson Theatre): — 10 and 11 A.M.—Raymond Foimdation program for ably symbolizes fecundity. "Where the Rainbow Ends"—Howard MacDon- children (Simpson Theatre) : "Pied Piper of Hame- of certain parts of the of Yonkers, New York. Despite stylization ald, lin" (Disney color cartoon), "Make a Mask," detailed at- "Woodland and body, others are represented with Sunday, November 6—2 P.M. —Layman Lecture Tour: "Beautiful Tyrol," Pals." " — "Freaks of the Deep." tention to muscle form indicating the artist's "Nature's 'March of Time' Paul G. Dallwig. — —2:30 P.M.—Lecture for adults (Simpson Theatre): accurate knowledge of anatomy. H. F. 7—Guide-lecture Week beginning November tours, "America and Isles of the Pacific"—^t'red Payne 3 P.M.: Clatworthy, of Estes Park, Colorado. Monday—"Prehistoric Life." Field Work by Dr. No6 —"Mexico. ' Simday, November 20 —2 P.M.—Layman Lecture Tour: Tuesday " A. Research Associate Wednesday—"Dogs and Cats-" "Nature's 'March of Time' —Paul G. Dallwig. Professor C. Noe, —a general synopsis of anthropological, in collected fossil Thursday 21 —Guide-lecture Paleobotany, recently and exhibits. Week beginning November tours, botanical, geological zoological plants in southern Illinois. He also studied Friday—"Man Through the Ages-" 3 P.M.: — of institutions in Texas and — Monday "Marine Life." collections Saturday, November 12 Tuesday—"The Ecology of Plants and Animals." Mexico, and collected in the Pennsylvanian —10 and 11 A.M. —Raymond Foundation program for —"Crystals and Their Uses." Wednesday field in Texas and the Cretaceous and Ter- children (Simpson Theatre) : "In the Land of 'Thursday—Thanksgiving holiday, no U>ur. Montezuma," "Land of the Eagle," "Fiesta of Cal- Friday—"The Akeley Memorial Hall." tiary in Mexico. averas," and "Quaint Animals of Guatemala." November 26 — •— — Saturday, 2:30 P.M. Lectiu-e for adults (Simpson Theatre): — Missouri Plants Collected "Primitive Tribes of the Guianan Jungle" —Colo- — 10 and 11 A.M. Raymond Foundation program for 3,000 nel Charles Wellington Furlong, of Cohasset, children (Simpson Theatre): "Mickey s Orphans" Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Cura- cartoon), "Snow Fun," "Winter," and Massachusetts. (Disney tor of returned from "Travels in Toyland." the Herbarium, recently 13 —2 P.M. — Lecture Tour: in Missouri Sunday , November Layman — — for adults Theatre) : "The a three weeks' collecting trip " — 2 :30 P.M. Lecture —(Simpson "Nature's 'March of Time' Paul G. Dallwig. Human Side of Nature" Sam Campbell, of Three with 3,000 specimens for the Museum's col- Lakes, Wisconsin. number of the Week beginning November 14—Guide-lecture tours, lections, including a large 3 P.M.: Sunday, November 27 —2 P.M. —Layman Lecture Tour: lower Several very rare varie- — " — cryptogams. Monday "Amber, Lacquer, Turpentine and "Nature's 'March of Time' Paul G. Dallwig. ties and some new species were found. The Rubber." November 28 —Guide-lecture data obtained will be used for a manual of Tuesday—"Winter Birds of the Chicago Area." Week beginning tours, Wednesday—"Moon, Meteorites and Minerals." 3 P.M.: plants of Missouri, Arkansas and the adja- — — "Hall of Mammals." "Thursday a general synopsis of anthropological, Monday — Systematic cent Ozark region upon which Dr. Steyer- botanical, geological and zoological exhibits. Tuesday "South .\merica Past and Present." is Friday—"Egyptian Exhibits." Wednesday— "Effects of Wind, Water and Frost." mark working. pniNTCO BY FIKLO MUSEUM PRKS* Sii'News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol.9 DECEMBER, 1938 No. 12

FAMED QUETZAL, GUATEMALA'S RESPLENDENT NATIONAL BIRD, IN NEW GROUP By RUDVERD BOULTON ful were they not eclipsed by their gorgeous was the leader of the Mandel Guatemala Curator of Birds mates. They lack the long train and the Expedition. The male quetzal is shown A bird sacred to ancient people, the em- crest, while some of the green and the crim- streaming like a rocket through the forest blem of a modern nation, epitome of the son is replaced by warm wood brown and towards his mate who demurely waits on an exotic, and gorgeous beyond description— pale pink. arm of the cactus. all this, in brief, is the quetzal of Guatemala. The setting of the group, shown so well in Mr. A. J. van Rossem has given an excel- Recently there has been completed in the accompanying plate from a natural color lent account of the habits of the quetzal in Hall 20 a habitat group of this famous bird, photograph by Mr. Clarence B. Mitchell, Birds of El Salvador, recently published by for which specimens were collected by Field Museum. The males whip '- the Mandel Guatemala Expedition about through the tangled forests at (1934), and presented by Mr. Leon high speed without damaging their Mandel, of Chicago. The specimens tails or seemingly being hampered by were taken, and the field studies them. At times, above the roof of made, by Mr. Emmet R. Blake, the forest, they perform an evolution Assistant Curator of Birds, who at suggestive of an airplane's loop, present is leader of the Sewell Avery which may well be part of their court- Expedition in the previously un- ship behavior. Their principal food worked hinterland of British Guiana. is the pulp of certain forest fruits The quetzal has acquired its fame which they pluck from the trees while naturally, for it has a long and hon- on the wing and, like many other tro- ored history. Its name is derived gons, they are said to be fond of cater- from Quetzal-coatl, the traditional pillars. Quetzals never descend to king and legendary founder of the the ground. They lay two bluish culture of the Aztecs of Mexico. The green unspotted eggs in a hole of a first account of the bird was given in tree, generally an abandoned wood- 1651 by the Spanish historian Her- pecker's hole. No nest is built. The nandez whose seventeenth-century young are black and naked when Latin curiously but accurately de- hatched. In about a week they be- scribed its habits, call notes, nest, and come covered with pale brownish food. Most interesting is his state- down, and when a month old are cov- ment that, although the quetzal's ered with green and brown spotted feathers were in demand by the chiefs feathers that give little hint of the and nobles of the native tribes who resplendent plumage they will have wore them as personal decorations, when adult. At this time they leave no one was permitted to kill the bird their home. that bore the golden green plumes. The preparation of the specimens, They were simply trapped, the because of their extraordinarily deli- plumes removed, and the birds then cate skins, presented major technical released. problems, ably solved by Staff Taxi- The quetzal was so much hunted dermist John W. Moyer. Mr. Frank to fill the demands of fashion in the Letl, who prepared the plant acces- days of the international millinery sories, and Staff Artist Arthur G. plume trade that its range was greatly Rueckert, painter of the background, reduced. It is now rigidly protected, have contributed to a highly success- and seems to have flourished again. ful habitat group. At any rate, it may be seen in some- Because of its great beauty, the thing like its original numbers in the quetzal has always been regarded as relatively inaccessible cloud forests a prize that might be exhibited alive on the seaward slopes of the Guate- in a zoological garden. Recently malan volcanos. the Bronx Zoo of the New York Zoo- The Quetzal Quetzals belong to the trogon logical Society received living speci- Group showing the national bird of Guatemala, recently installed in Hall family which is found in all tropical mens from Honduras, the first ever 20. Specimens were collected by an expedition sponsored by Mr. Leon forests, but is more common and more to be exhibited alive in either Europe Mandel. The illustration is reproduced from a natural color photograph diversified in the than in or America. Guatemalans New World made by Mr. Clarence B. Mitchell, Research -\ssociate in Photography at Among the Old. The male quetzal is distin- Field Museum. The birds were mounted by Staff Taxidermist John W. Moyer. the quetzal is regarded as the sym- guished from all other trogons by the bol of love of liberty, and the fable remarkable development of the feathers ly- Research Associate in Photography, is laid that it cannot be kept alive in captivity is ing immediately above the tail. The real in northwestern Guatemala on the upper widely current. tail is normal in all respects, but is hidden slopes of the Volcan Tajumulco at an alti- In the near future a post card in color, by two of the upper tail coverts which are tude of about 7,000 feet. In the far distance similar to the accompanying plate, will be broadened and elongated to as much as can be seen the Volcan Tacana beyond the available in The Book Shop of the Museum, three and a half feet (although the bird is Mexican border. The vegetation in the along with others recently made from Mr. no larger than an ordinary pigeon), and are group consists principally of giant tree ferns, Mitchell's color photographs. of a gossamer-like, filmy, attenuate struc- so characteristic of the humid sub-tropical ture found in no other feathers. These two cloud forests which are the sole habitat of Important Fish Collection feathers, as well as the entire upper parts the quetzal. A heavy coat of drenched moss including the prominent crest, are a brilliant covers a dead stub of a tree which supports It is gratifying to report the receipt as metallic color which varies from golden a climbing cactus with brilliant red flowers a gift from the Zoology Department of the green to deep blue, depending on the angle and several bromeliads, those strange epi- University of Chicago, of a large number of of incidence of reflected light. The under phytic relatives of the pineapple. Among fishes taken in the Great Lakes and the parts are crimson, and over each black wing the leaves of the bromeliads are examples upper Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. Most there lie about six lanceolate golden-green of two species of salamanders, both dis- of Field Museum's collections from those feathers curved in scimitar form. The covered and made known to science by Mr. regions were made thirty to forty years ago, females likewise would be considered beauti- Karl P. Schmidt, Curator of Reptiles, who and new material is especially welcome. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS December, 1938

Field Museum of Natural History NEW CHRISTMAS GIFT SERVICE some ten days, with most of the provisions lost. were rescued a flotilla Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 OFFERED BY FIELD MUSEUM They finally by of small boats manned Indians. Roosevelt Road and Field Drive, Chicago Field Museum for several years has served by The was due to una- its Members by making available Museum mishap apparently voidable causes. and crew were THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES memberships as Christmas friends Equipment gifts^for the best and was in Sbwell L. Avery Charles A. McCulloch and relatives. available, navigation Leopold E. Block William H. Mitchell of an river man who for In addition to this the charge experienced William J. Chalmers George A. Richardson continuing service, four years had been in command of all water Albert B. Dick, Jr. Theodore Roosevelt Museum offers this year, through its new for the British Guiana Joseph N. Field Fred W. Sargent Book Shop, further Yuletide assistance. The transport Boundary Marshall Field James Simpson Commission. Only the most meager details Solomon A. Smith Book Shop is prepared to furnish books, en- Stanley Field have been learned from a brief cablegram Albert W. Harris Albert A. Sprague dorsed for scientific authenticity by mem- Silas H. Strawn sent by Mr. Blake to the Museum. Mr. Samuel Insull, Jr. bers of the Museum staff, for both adults and John P. Wilson Blake is expected to return to Chicago in children. Also, it has in stock a wide selec- January, and a full account may bs expected OFFICERS tion of other appropriate gifts, such as book Field Preeident in an early issue of Field Museum News. Stanley ends, illuminated of the world, Albert A. Sprague First Vice-President globe-maps James Simpson Second Vice-President models of animals suitable for use as library Albert W. Harris Third Vice-President decorations and as toys for children, and PYGMY FIRE MAKER C. Gregg Director and Secretary Clifford miniature reproductions in bronze of the fa- Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary An exhibit illustrating the primitive mous Races of Mankind sculptures Mal- by methods of fire-making and cooking used vina Hoffman. by pygmies of the Malay Peninsula, with a FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Both in the case of Christmas Gift Mem- lite-size and lifelike model of a as Clifford C. Director the Museum. . . . Editor pygmy Gregg, of berships in the Museum, and in respect to the fire-maker, is included in the large CONTRIBUTING EDITORS the books and other of the Book offerings Malaysian collection in Hall G. The model Paul S. Martin Chief Curator of Anthropology Shop, the Museum is extending exceptional represents a pygmy of the Semang tribe, who B. E. Dahlgren Chief Curator of Botany facilities for the convenience of Members. Henry W. Nichols Chief Curator of Geology are among the most primitive peoples of the Where desired, the Museum will handle mail Wilfred H. Osgood Chief Curator of Zoology world. A life-size full-length figure of one and and mil undertake all H. B. Harte Managing Editor telephone orders, of these men, in bronze, sculptured by details in connection with the of dispatching Malvina Hoffman, is to be seen in the Races the to the Field Museum is open every day of the year (except gifts recipients designated by pur- of Mankind exhibits in Chauncey Keep Purchasers the date on Christmas and New Year's Day) during the hours chasers. may specify Memorial Hall. The men are about four Indicated below: which delivery is desired. Thus, Museum feet eight inches in height, and the women November, December, January, February 9 A.M. to 4 P.M. do or a their Members may all, large part, of three inches shorter. live in the March, April, September, October 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. two or They Christmas shopping while sitting at their own May, June, July, August 9 a.m. to 6 P.M. deep jungles which cover the mountain desks. can avoid in They being jostled of interior. Admission is free to Members on all days. Other slopes the crowded stores, be relieved of the task of adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and Without matches, or flint and steel, the Sundays; non-members 25 cents on other gift parcels, and escape having to pay days. wrapping pygmies make fire easily, whenever desired, Children are admitted free on all days. Students and stand in long lines at post offices waiting to members of educational institutions are admit* by the method illustrated in the Museum faculty have their and ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. packages weighed, stamped exhibit. A piece of bamboo is split in two, from the - insured. Gifts Museum Book The Museum's natural history Library is open for Shop and the side of one strip cut to a sharp edge. reference afternoon and will be Christ- daily except Saturday Sunday. accompanied by appropriate This is then placed on the ground, edge up, exhibits are circulated in the schools of mas cards the and will Traveling bearing giver's name, and is held upright by four pegs. A cut is Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension be wrapped in cartons or paper with suitable Department of the Museum. made across the bottom of the other half of holiday decorations. They will be delivered Lectures for and entertainments the tube, and a bit of tinder is pressed over schools, special either to or to and tours for children at the Museum, are provided purchaser, directly recipients, the opening. The groove is then rubbed by the James Nelson and Anna Louise in accordance with the instruc- Raymond purchaser's rapidly back and forth across the fixed sec- Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. tions. tion until the friction ignites the tinder. Announcements of free illustrated lectures for the In the case of Christmas gift memberships, the ashes of an old public, and special lectures for Members of the In the Museum group Museum, the will send to the at- will appear in Field Museum News. Museum recipients fire are seen nearby with native cooking tractive Christmas with the name of A cafeteria in the Museum serves visitors. Rooms cards, utensils which consist almost exclusively of are provided for those bringing their lunches. the giver, notifying them that they have bamboo tubes. Chicago Motor Coach Company No. 26 buses go been elected Members of this institution. The model was made from exact eth- direct to the Museum. Information as to their privileges as Mem- data obtained the Arthur B. Members are to inform nological by requested the Museum bers will these cards, as well as promptly of changes of address. accompany Jones Expedition to Malaysia some years the cards Certifi- regular Membership (and ago. MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM cates in the case of Life and Associate Mem- Field Museum has several classes of Members. berships). Field Museum Moves the Sun! Benefactors or devise or With this issue of Field Museum News, give $100,000 more. Contribu- Joshua commanded the sun to stand tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members there are enclosed Christmas Gift Member- still, still" whole give $500; Non-Resident Life and Associate Members a and "the sun stood for a day Non-Resident ship application forms, and Book Shop pay $100; Associate Members pay $50. (Joshua:X:12). All the above classes are exempt from dues. list of suggestions and prices. Books which Sustaining Field Museum recently made Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they are to be delivered to the purchaser can be Conversely, become Associate Members. Annual Members con- the sun shift its In order to im- if are to position. tribute Other sent "C.O.D." desired; where they $10 annually. memberships are Corpo- prove the installation of the walrus group in rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions be sent directly to recipient of gift, payment under these the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N), classifications being made by special action must be made in advance, as the Museum of the Board of Trustees. the illuminated representation of the Arctic Each does not carry charge accounts. Member, in all classes, is entitled to tree midnight sun was moved from the south admission to the Museum for himself, his family and side of the case to the north. This has bouse guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum the lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field EXPEDITION BOAT WRECKED; resulted in better lighting for exhibit, Museum News is included with all memberships. The ALL LIVES SAVED and a better arrangement of the group and courtesies of museum of in every note the United background as a whole. States and Canada are extended to all Members of Although a boat carrying its personnel, Field Museum. A Member his card may give personal and its collections and equipment, was to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of which they will be admitted to the Museum without wrecked last month on the Courantyne Rare metals and their uses are illustrated Further charge. information about memberships will River, the Sewell Avery Zoological Expe- by exhibits in Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall be sent on request. led dition to British Guiana, by Mr. Emmet (Hall 37). BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS R. Blake, Assistant Curator of Birds, reached Georgetown with no loss of life or Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may serious The boat foundered below be made in securities, money, books or collections. injuries. HOLIDAY READING— They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to King William's Falls. Mr. Blake, an assist- a person or named the T)ie New Year's Festival, cause, by giver. ant, and thirteen native helpers managed Japanese Contributions made within the taxable not and Helen C. Gun- year to to rocks in the river, and even Games Pastimes, by exceeding 15 per cent of the net escape taxpayer's income are saulus (Field Museum Anthropology allowable as deductions in computing net income for to salvage about one-half of the scientific Leaflet No. federal income tax purposes. collections which originally included approxi- 11). Endowments may be made to the with the Museum mately 2,400 specimens of birds. The party At THE BOOK SHOP of FIELD provision that an annuity be paid to the for life. patron serious marooned These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in faced a situation, being MUSEUM— 15 cents. amount, and may reduce federal income taxes. on the barren rocks in the raging river for December, 1938 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Pages

SEWELL AVERY EXPEDITION Chou in the present prefecture of K'aifeng, UNIQUE FOSSIL'SKELETON TO EXPLORE GUATEMALA have been installed with other Sung pot- PLACED ON EXHIBITION tery in Case 28. They were acquired in a A botanical expedition to Guatemala, By Elmer S. Riggs bequest from Mrs. Frances Gaylord Smith. sponsored by Mr. Sewell Avery, a Trustee Curator of Paleontology Fine chiln ware has a thick, bubbly, opales- of the Museum, recently began operations. An almost complete skeleton of a cent glaze in many colors, with blue, red huge It is being conducted by Mr. Paul C. Stand- animal known and purple predominating. The three new prehistoric asVthe mountain ley, Curator of the Herbarium, who left sloth of South the first of specimens were made to hold plant bulbs, ground America, Chicago November 14, and sailed from New its kind to be erected in has possibly for the imperial palace, and are any museum, Orleans two days later. been on exhibition in Ernest R. superb examples of this much coveted type. placed It is planned to spend approximately five Graham Hall (Hall 38). The was Also from Mrs. Smith's bequest are 29 specimen months in the field, gathering herbarium discovered and excavated in a mountain specimens of porcelain from the last Chinese material for use in preparation of a descrip- of southern Bolivia dynasty, dating 1644-1911. Case 34 has valley by Captain tive account of the flora of Guatemala, Robert M. Thome, a member of the Second been completely reinstalled to include these similar to that of Costa Rica, whose publi- Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition pieces, with an attempt to display each as cation by Field Museum is now almost to Argentina and Bolivia. The work of effectively as its peculiar beauty merits. completed. repairing and reassembling the bones, An interesting bowl, with a painted scene many Guatemala's is more varied in of which were in fragments after vegetation showing Chinese fishermen with cormorants, having than that of other Central American lain buried for probably a million was type presented several years ago by the American years, in number of a tedious and exacting process. countries, although species Friends of China, has also been given its not to the 6,000 The animal, which is designated the probably equal flowering chronological place in this case. by plants found in Costa Rica. On the tops of scientific name Pseudomegatherium lundi, several high volcanoes are alpine meadows has the proportions of a bear of the most in which are found northern plants such as gigantic type. It had a short neck and a buttercups, Indian paint-brushes, lupines, THINOS YOU MAY HAVE MISSED ponderous body set upon stout legs, and etc. The higher mountain slopes sup- was armed with a massive tail. Its deep extensive forests of fir, Douglas jaws were equipped with strong port pine, The Clouded Leopard grinding fir, and even bald cypress, associated with teeth. willows, maples, box-elder, alders, and One of the rarest, as well as one of the The specimen had been covered by 150 oaks. There are large areas of rain forest most beautiful, members of the cat family feet of accumulated clay sediments washed of the type that continues southward is the clouded leopard of southern Asia and down from the mountain side. Weight of to the Amazon Valley, with the usual the East Indies. Field Museum is fortunate this mass lying above had compressed and abundance of orchids and other epiphytes. distorted the bones. Finally, softened by One of the most distinctive features is the rains, the clays had "crept" or slid on the Zacapa Desert of eastern Guatemala, whose sloping surface in the manner of a glacier abundance of cacti of various forms rivals moving down its course, partially uncovering that of the Sonoran Desert. the skeleton at the surface and thus leading Mr. Standley plans to visit as many of to its discovery. In this process, vertebrae these regions as time permits, with the were broken and displaced, the flat bones expectation of obtaining many plants new of the pelvis were cracked into many pieces, to Guatemala, and some that are quite un- and plant roots had entered and further known to science. damaged the specimen. Nevertheless, it The Guatemalan Ministry of Foreign Af- was a practically complete skeleton with fairs has extended special courtesies to facil- Rare and Beautiful all parts more or less in place, and lacking itate the success of the Museum expedition. Field Museum's specimen of the cloud- only a few joints of the toes. ed one of the handsomest mem- leopard, While the mountain megatherium is not bers of the cat family. the largest, it is one of the rarest species of NOTABLE ADDITIONS MADE TO the of as is evidenced in possessing a specimen, which is family ground sloths, CHINESE CERAMICS the fact that the one in Field Museum is on exhibition in the systematic by C. Martin Wilbur the one It is By collection of mammals in Hall 15. only complete known. also only Curator of Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology the second skeleton of a Probably not more than seven or megatherium of any to be mounted in North American Pottery often serves an archaeologist in eight such specimens are to be species any museum. The first a skeleton of the way that "index-fossils" help the geolo- found in all the museums of the one, great site the species Megatherium americanum, largest gist, assisting the excavator to date a United States, and probably not more than it. Field known, is also on exhibition at this or a particular stratum in Museum, fifteen in the museums of the world, accord- type in the exhibits in T. and Frances Museum, having been installed in 1935. George ing to Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Chief Curator Smith Hall to Gaylord (Hall 24), attempts of the Department of Zoology. a chronological sequence of Chinese present The clouded leopard is very shy, and in- Staff Notes ceramics which will enable visitors to recog- habits the depths of heavy forests, usually in Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, Curator of nize pottery of different periods. A number Birds, regions difficult of access to hunters. Even during November conducted field work in of additions have recently been made to this in the wild its numbers are limited. southern Mississippi, near Ocean ceramic series. very Springs. Strictly speaking, it is not a true leopard, At the invitation of Messrs. James R. Leavell The most unique addition is a brown and is somewhat smaller than the ordinary and Carl A. Birdsall, of Chicago, owners of a pottery jar in Case 8, about ten inches high, Its tawny body is marbled with large tract of wilderness land in this region, its body covered with a stamped design of leopard. black in distinct he participated in a preliminary natural his- stags or ibexes. This piece comes from the markings, pattern very from those of most of the and these tory survey to determine the possibilities for region of Loyang in Honan, and is thought cats, conservation projects and special zoological to date from the third century B.C. The contribute to its handsome appearance. The studies. In connection with this, he made decoration, almost unique in Chinese pot- dark color predominates in the animal's small collections needed for special purposes bears a resemblance to animal long heavy tail. The Museum's specimen tery, striking by the Museum. motifs found on bronzes of the Sino-Scythian was mounted by Staff Taxidermist W. E. type. Somewhat similar jars are known only Eigsti. Mr. C. Martin Wilbur, Curator of Chinese in the University Museum, Philadelphia, Archaeology and Ethnology, spent and in the Louvre, Paris, each of which has recently a month a of Chinese collec- one. TIMELY— making survey tions in eastern museums. cities in of two Among Mortuary figurines guardian knights Chicago W'inier Birds, by Colin Camp- whose institutions he conducted research of the T'ang period (a.d. 618-906), clad in bell Sanborn (Field Museum Zoology are , Toronto, Buffalo, Boston, Cam- full armor and scowling with a ferocious Leaflet No. 2). 10 cents. bridge, New Haven, New York, Philadelphia, look, have been added to Case 17. It was The Wild John T. Zimmer , Washington, and Cleveland. their function to scare evil spirits from the Turkey, by tomb. They are a noteworthy addition to (Field Museum Zoology Leaflet No. 6). 10 cents. the interesting exhibit of mortuary figurines. A unique collection of raffia cloths from Three beautiful bowls of the type known At THE BOOK SHOP of FIELD Madagascar, decorated with elaborate de- as chiin yao, dating from the Sung period MUSEUM. signs made by the warp-dyeing process, is (a.d. 960-1280), and manufactured at Chtin exhibited in Hall E. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS December, 1938

GEMS AND JEWELS FEATURED Hawk Breaks Into Museum DECEMBER GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS ON SUNDAY LECTURE-TOURS A of hawk is now Conducted tours of under the " living specimen Cooper's exhibits, "Gems, Jewels and 'Junk' is the title of in the possession of Field Museum. It liter- guidance of staff lecturers, are made every a new lecture-tour to be given on the first ally forced its way into the institution, flying afternoon at 3 o'clock except Saturdays, three Sundays in December by Mr. Paul G. full force against an office window-pane on Sundays, and certain holidays. Following Dallwig, the Layman Lecturer of Field Mu- the third floor and crashing through the is the schedule of subjects and dates for seum {on the fourth Sunday, December 25, the glass. Stunned at first, it revived when an December: be closed the Christmas holi- to it and to Museum vnll for attempt was made pick up, had Thursday, December 1 —General Tour; Friday— day). be pursued through several long corridors Malvina Hoffman Bronzes. On this tour Mr. Dallwig will guide his before capture. The bird has been caged in Week beginning December 5: Monday—Birds, Past and — — listeners through the gem exhibits both in the laboratories of the N. W. Harris Public Present; Tuesday Botany Halls; Wednesday Primitive Weapons and Armor; Thursday—General of and in H. N. of the Department Geology School Extension. Members the Harris Tour; Friday —Chinese Exhibits. Hall His staff have a for are Higinbotham (the Gem Room). made hood it, and using Week beginning December 12: Monday—The Story lecture will trace precious and semi-precious it for experiments in falconry. If it proves of Plant Life; Tuesday—Skeletons of Birds, Mammals and Man; —Indians of the from their mother-rocks to the unadaptable to training, it may be used later Wednesday Northwest; gem-stones Thursday—General Tour; Friday — Dinosaurs and the museum and as a of this jewelry store, collection, study specimen. Hawks species Other Reptiles. the chests of the ladies. He will relate not on smaller wild birds, but on — jewel prey only Week beginning December 19: —Monday The Art many fascinating stories about the world's domestic fowl. of the Ancient Peruvians;— Tuesday Woo(^— and Their famous diamonds, and describe the workings Uses; Wednesday Minerals; Thursday General Tour; Friday— Fishes and Amphibians. of the world's jewel markets. Week beginning December 26: Monday—Christmas It is to make reservations for the — necessary MUSEUM TO CLOSE CHRISTMAS Holiday, no tour; Tuesday Animal Habitat Groups; Sunday tours and receive an identification Wednesday—The Eskimos; Thursday—General Tour; YEAR'S DAY — Animals of Lands. ticket, as the number that can be accommo- AND NEW Friday Strange Foreign be made dated is United. Reservations may In order to permit as many Persons wishing to participate should in advance by mail or telephone (Wabash employes as possible to spend apply at North Entrance. Tours are free are restricted to adults. 9410). Parties Christmas and New Year's Day and no gratuities are to be proffered. A at 2 p.m. The lectures begin promptly with their families, Field Museum new schedule will apear each month in and are broken They end at 4:30, midway will be closed on those days. The Field Museum News. Guide-lecturers' of one-half hour for relaxa- by an intermission Museum will be open, however, services for special tours by parties of ten which members of the party tion, during on the Monday following each holi- or more are available free of charge by obtain refreshments and smoke in the may day. arrangement with the Director a week in Cafeteria where special tables are reserved advance. for the group. the MOTHERS-IN-LAW AND "JOKING Distinguished Visitors Gifts to Museum RELATIONSHIPS" IN AFRICA Among distinguished visitors recently re- Following is a list of some of the principal the last month: By Wilfrid D. Hambly ceived at Field Museum are Mr. L. M. Klau- gifts received during Curator of African Ethnology ber, of San Diego, California, President of From Centro Nacional de Agricultura— 159 her- Costa from Dr. the American Society of Ichthyologists and barium specimens, Rica; Francis Drouet In many Negro tribes, and among peoples —800 herbarium and 204 Mrs. Nicholas Roose- specimens, Brazil,— algae in other parts of the world as well, respect Herpetologists; (Alice specimens; from Farlow Herbarium 28 algae speci- of D. Mr. Jardim Botanico de Belo Horizonte—637 for certain individuals is shown in peculiar velt) Longworth, Washington, C; mens; from from Dr. L. P. Khanna the sub- John W. Davis, former United States Am- herbarium specimens, Brazil; ways. Mothers-in-law have been —96 Burma; from Miss Cora — bassador to the Court of St. James's; Miss algae specimens, Shoop ject of so many jokes in America and Europe 1,186 cryptogam specimens, Missouri; from Professor Anna ceramic on the staff T. G. Yuncker— 557 herbarium that it is hard for us to realize that the Shepard, analyst specimens, Honduras; from Dr. S. Conard — 100 of of the of the Carnegie Institution, Washington, Henry specimens mosses, Negro who crosses to the other side from Rev. Brother Elias— 59 herbarium D. and Mr. Kermit co-leader Iowa; speci- path when he meets his mother-in-law is C, Roosevelt, mens, Colombia; from Rev. Brother H. Daniel—64 of Field Museum in past herbarium Colombia; from Miss Ann Trevett displaying the respect decreed by tribal expeditions years, specimens, of the American of —a specimen of uranophane, Wyoming; from C. G. It is often also for and a trustee Museum custom. customary Colycr— 16 fish teeth, South Dakota; from Dr. H. C. from one Natural History, New York. — 12 mineral both to turn their heads away Dake a geode and specimens, western— another. United States; from Estate of Carrie Ryerson 44 of from Walter Nelson—an the tribe of central pieces jewelry; opalized In Ovimbundu Angola NEW MEMBERS wood specimen, Washington; from Charles H. Flory — West Africa), a man may con- 2 of mammoth tusk, Alaska; from W. A. (Portuguese The following persons were elected to specimens verse with his mother-in-law only through Brox—37 chalcedony and agate specimens, Wyoming membership in Field Museum during the and Montana; from The Mineralogist Magazine—22 the walls of her hut. He takes up his posi- — period from October 17 to November 15: mineral specimens, Oregon; from F. S. Young 11 tion on the outside, and she stands opposite agate and chalcedony specimens, Oregon; from Smith's Associate Members —an iris from A. R. Hine— on the inside. This is, however, a profound Agate Shop agate, Oregon; from Dr. E. W. Lazell—a as a white Mrs. Theodore W. Bunte, Arthur A. Frank, Miss 33 agate specimens, Oregon; mark of respect and not, man of fossil from Margaret Nina Gentz, Mrs. F. P. Hufty. moss agate and 11 slides wood, Oregon; might suppose, a safeguard against hostilities. M. T. Green—a tree cast of chalcedony, Oregon; from Annual Members — 55 mineral and The "joking relationship" is another J. Lewis Renton specimens, Oregon from A. J. and Schneider—2 Henry Bogoff, Mrs. Perry B. Buchanan, T. J. Callan, California; Ray a^ate peculiar form of respect observed between Jack —an Mrs. ,\nnetta C. Carlson, Mrs. Dexter Cummings, specimens, Oregon; from Barry opalized certain there are tolerated from P. L. Forbes —5 mineral relatives, whereby Philip S. Harper, Dr. M. S. Kharasch, J. A. Korengold, wood specimen, Oregon; from Peter Peterson —8 banter, and even insults, which would Walter A. Krafft, Walter D. Lawrence, Miss R. B. Love, specimens, Oregon; agate speci- light from Miss Bertha Gordon—4 in C. E. Lyon, Thomas N. McGowen, Dr. Charles H. mens, Oregon; photo- meet with severe reprisals if indulged by and erosion McKenna, Mrs. James Leonard Mills, Mrs. James L. graphs of crumpled strata features, Mohave Paul — persons not thus privileged. Palmer, Miss Christine Paulson, Robert P. Rasmussen, Desert and Death Valley; from O. McGrew In many tribes there is a very close and Benjamin B. Schneider. Mrs. Henry Bascom Thomas, 3,000 vertebrate fossils, western Nebraska; from Elmer — 11 skulls and one skeleton of modern Ameri- confidential between a and Otto Vogl, Roy A. Whipple, Charles Sneed Williams. S. Riggs relationship boy can animals; from Texas Planning Board and University brother. The must work — slabs and 4 his mother's boy of Texas 11 polished marble — polished to help pay the debts of this maternal uncle, granite discs, Texas; from Carl Dreutzer 2 ribbon seal and from Dr. Field —an but the uncle must pay any fine necessitated skins skulls, Alaska; Henry YOUR CHILDREN WILL LIKE— owl, 9 small mammals, and 37 insects, England and by the boy's thefts or other misconduct. Scotland; from Gordon Grant—a centipede, a snail, Indian Children, by Cornelia H. Dam, California and This joking relationship also takes the form and 186 slugs, insects, and allies, Hawaii; Curator of the Educational Section, Colonel J. H. Patterson —54 marine shells, Mexico; sometimes of the from practical joking whereby of from Polish-American Chamber of Commerce (Warsaw) small articles University Museum, University — boy may steal, with approval, —70 scashells, Baltic Sea; from L. E. Harden an (with Dr. Arthur C. — from the home of his uncle. Pennsylvania albino opossum, Illinois; from Wilbur S. McAlpine 4 Director of the Rochester Mu- from \, R. G. Morrison —8 mam- droll kind of banter is Parker, butterflies, Michigan; In west Africa a —a Hima- seum of Arts and Sciences, as editor). mals, Peru; from Chicago Zoological Society indulged in between a man and his sister-in- black bear, 2 and a weaver finch; from "A and accurate account layan parrots, law, whom he may some day inherit as a fascinating Mrs. Robb White—22 insects, Georgia; from Emil of Indian children of the eastern wood- Krauth—6 butterflies, Washington; from Professor wife if his brother dies. A man of the Jukun — 9 colored lantern slides of calico rock; land tribes," says Dr. Paul S. Martin, L. A- Higley tribe says to his sister-in-law, "You know I valuable books for the Library from H. Chief Curator of at Field Prof^or don't think much of your cooking; and if Anthropology Artowski, L. A. Bruggeman, Carnegie Institution, Dr. "Destined to be a best seller." and Rev. S. don't I will have to drive Museum. Alfonso Caso, George Sivcriing, Rodger you improve, you Winans. out and marry someone else." To this the Illustrated with "three-dimensional sister-in-law replies, "If you get rid of me, pictures." At the MUSEUM BOOK a hunter of there isn't another woman in the whole SHOP- $1.50. A life-size figure of Dyak world who would think of marrying you." Borneo is exhibited in Hall G. PRINTED BY FtELO MUSEUM PRESS