ANRV286-MI60-05 ARI 16 August 2006 16:34 Arsenic and Selenium in Microbial Metabolism∗ John F. Stolz,1 Partha Basu,2 Joanne M. Santini,3 and Ronald S. Oremland4 1Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282; email:
[email protected] 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282; email:
[email protected] 3Department of Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email:
[email protected] 4Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025; email:
[email protected] Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2006. 60:107–30 Key Words First published online as a Review in selenate respiration, selenocysteine, arsenate reductase, arsenite Advance on May 8, 2006 oxidase, biogeochemical cycles, organoarsenicals The Annual Review of Microbiology is online at micro.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: Arsenic and selenium are readily metabolized by prokaryotes, par- 10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142053 ticipating in a full range of metabolic functions including as- by Duquesne University on 09/12/06. For personal use only. Copyright c 2006 by Annual Reviews. similation, methylation, detoxification, and anaerobic respiration. All rights reserved Arsenic speciation and mobility is affected by microbes through 0066-4227/06/1013-0107$20.00 oxidation/reduction reactions as part of resistance and respiratory ∗The U.S. Government has the right to processes. A robust arsenic cycle has been demonstrated in diverse Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2006.60:107-130. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license environments. Respiratory arsenate reductases, arsenic methyltrans- in and to any copyright covering this ferases, and new components in arsenic resistance have been recently paper.