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S/2014/726 Security Council United Nations S/2014/726 Security Council Distr.: General 13 October 2014 Original: English Letter dated 10 October 2014 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea addressed to the President of the Security Council On behalf of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea, and in accordance with paragraph 28 of Security Council resolution 2111 (2013), I have the honour to transmit herewith the report on Somalia of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea. In this connection, the Committee would appreciate it if the present letter and the report were brought to the attention of the members of the Security Council and issued as a document of the Council. (Signed) Oh Joon Chair Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea 14-60683 (E) 161014 *1460683* S/2014/726 Letter dated 19 September 2014 from the members of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea addressed to the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea We have the honour to transmit herewith the report focusing on Somalia of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea, in accordance with paragraph 28 of Security Council resolution 2111 (2013). (Signed) Jarat Chopra Coordinator Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea (Signed) Nicholas Argeros Finance expert (Signed) Zeina Awad Transport expert (Signed) Déirdre Clancy Humanitarian expert (Signed) Joakim Gundel Arms expert (Signed) Dinesh Mahtani Finance expert (Signed) Jörg Roofthooft Maritime expert (Signed) Babatunde Taiwo Armed groups expert 2/461 14-60683 S/2014/726 Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea pursuant to Security Council resolution 2111 (2013): Somalia Contents Page Summary ..................................................................... 7 I. Introduction ................................................................... 12 A. Mandate .................................................................. 12 B. Methodology .............................................................. 12 II. Acts that threaten the peace, security and stability of Somalia .......................... 13 A. Harakaat al-Shabaab al-Mujaahidiin ........................................... 13 B. Al-Shabaab as a regional and international threat ................................ 18 C. Local threats to peace and security in Somalia ................................... 21 D. Piracy and kidnap for ransom................................................. 22 E. Public sector financial mismanagement and corruption ............................ 26 III. Violations of the arms embargo ................................................... 30 A. Arms embargo modifications for the Federal Government ......................... 30 B. Arms networks connected to the Federal Government............................. 31 C. Arms deliveries to Puntland .................................................. 32 D. Delivery of detonator cords to north-eastern Somalia ............................. 32 E. Somaliland oil protection unit ................................................ 33 F. Delivery of military-type vehicles and weapons to Jubaland ....................... 34 IV. Obstruction of humanitarian assistance ............................................. 34 A. Denial of access and attacks on aid workers ..................................... 35 B. Diversion and misappropriation of humanitarian assistance ........................ 37 V. Violations of international humanitarian law ........................................ 38 A. Targeting of civilians ....................................................... 38 B. Sexual and gender-based violence ............................................. 40 C. Recruitment and use of children in armed conflict ................................ 41 D. Forced displacement ........................................................ 42 VI. Violations of the ban on charcoal .................................................. 43 A. Methodology of investigations ................................................ 43 B. Charcoal production, transportation and stockpiling .............................. 44 C. Charcoal export trends ...................................................... 44 14-60683 3/461 S/2014/726 D. Charcoal imports ........................................................... 47 E. Charcoal warehousing....................................................... 47 F. Falsified customs documentation .............................................. 48 G. Role of transporters ......................................................... 49 VII. Obstruction of the investigations or work of the Monitoring Group ...................... 50 A. Government of Kenya ....................................................... 50 B. Federal Government of Somalia .............................................. 50 VIII. Sanctions list .................................................................. 51 IX. State and non-State cooperation with the Monitoring Group ............................ 52 X. Recommendations .............................................................. 55 Annexes* Somalia ....................................................................... 59 1. Harakaat al-Shabaab al-Mujaahidiin ............................................... 59 1.1. Al-Shabaab areas of control in South-Central Somalia ............................ 60 1.2. Photograph of Abdullahi Mohamed Ahmed “Arabey”** ........................... 61 1.3. Al-Shabaab in Mogadishu: tactics, techniques and procedures ...................... 62 1.4. Al-Shabaab in Puntland ..................................................... 68 2. Al-Shabaab as a regional and international threat** .................................. 75 3. Local threats to peace and security in Somalia ....................................... 76 3.1. Threats to peace and security in the Sool region ................................. 77 3.2. Threats to peace and security in Lower and Middle Shabelle ....................... 82 4. Piracy and kidnap for ransom ..................................................... 94 4.1. Registered armed attacks and disruptions since October 2013 ...................... 95 4.2. Photographs of pirate leader and financier Mohamed Osman Mohamed “Gafanje” ..... 97 4.3. Pirate facilitator Mohamed Aden “Tiiceey” ..................................... 99 4.4. Photographs of protests against pirate arrests .................................... 126 4.5. Photographs of pirate leader and financier Abdikadir Mohamed Abdi ................ 134 4.6. Central Air Aviation ........................................................ 136 4.7. Pirate finances ............................................................. 173 5. Misappropriation of public financial resources ....................................... 190 5.1. Illustrative overview of contracts ............................................. 191 5.2. Contracting for the recovery of public overseas assets of the Federal Republic of Somalia** ................................................................ 203 4/461 14-60683 S/2014/726 6. Violations of the arms embargo ................................................... 204 6.1. Federal Government of Somalia compliance with modifications of the arms embargo .. 205 6.2. Leakage of Somali National Army rifles into arms markets in Mogadishu ............ 220 6.3. Analysis of Djiboutian-supplied ammunition in Mogadishu arms markets ............ 238 6.4. Diversion of arms by political networks connected to the Federal Government of Somalia** ................................................................ 244 6.5. Arms deliveries to Puntland .................................................. 245 6.6. Smuggling of IED equipment and associated smuggling networks .................. 255 6.7. Analysis of the proposed Oil Protection Unit for Somaliland ....................... 263 6.8. Delivery of military type vehicles and weapons to Jubaland........................ 270 7. Obstruction of humanitarian assistance ............................................. 281 7.1. Denial of access ........................................................... 282 7.2. Selected practices constituting humanitarian obstruction in Puntland** .............. 290 7.3. The operation of the Special Protection Units in Somaliland and the Puntland State of Somalia** ................................................................ 291 7.4. Temporary seizure of humanitarian supplies by the Ethiopian National Defence Forces** .................................................................. 292 7.5. Attacks on humanitarian aid workers .......................................... 293 7.6. Diversion and misappropriation of humanitarian assistance** ...................... 298 7.7. Diversion and misappropriation of humanitarian assistance: measures to enhance compliance ................................................................ 299 8. Violations of international humanitarian law ........................................ 302 8.1. Targeting of civilians ....................................................... 303 8.2. Targeting of civilians in villages around Jowhar, Middle Shabelle, and in Taleex, Sool, November 2013** .......................................................... 313 8.3. Sexual and gender-based violence ............................................
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