DOCSLIB.ORG

Dynamics of Spinning Triangle Geometry and Its Effects on Yarn Quality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dynamics of Spinning Triangle Geometry and Its Effects on Yarn Quality Title Page Dynamics of Spinning Triangle Geometry and Its Effects on Yarn Quality by Noman Haleem (M.Sc. Engineering) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Deakin University June, 2017 Acknowledgements I owe gratitude to a number of people for their help and support in completion of my PhD thesis . Professor Xungai Wang for providing me an opportunity to study at Deakin University. I am also thankful for his advice and continuous support during my PhD candidature . Dr. Christopher Hurren for critical but constructive feedback on my experimental work and thesis draft. I am also thankful for his inspiration and advice for 3MT thesis competition . Dr. Xin Liu for training and support in testing of yarn specimens, friendly advice on experiments and constructive feedback on thesis revisions . Dr. Stuart Gordon (CSIRO Manufacturing, Geelong) for his tremendous support and facilitation in resin casting, micro CT and yarn spinning experiments. I would specially thank Stuart for accompanying me in several visits to external facilities for experiments and meetings . Professor Saeed Najar (Amirkabir University, Iran) for friendly discussions and critical input on the spinning triangle analysis and micro CT of yarns during his one year sabbatical visit to Deakin University . Mark Freijah and Phil Henry (CSIRO Manufacturing, Geelong) for their friendly support and facilitation in yarn spinning experiments . Alex Orokity for his tremendous support in mechanical workshop, training and facilitation in designing the clear rubber rollers . Graeme Keating for technical support in textile and yarn spinning laboratory iii . Scott Barnes (CSIRO Manufacturing, Geelong) for allowing to use high speed camera . Ladies in the CSIRO testing Lab for their help in yarn testing . Robynne Hall and Damien Elderfield (School of Engineering) for development of sample holders for micro computerized tomography . Neale Gibbsons for installing and maintaining compact spinning system on ring spinning frame to allow compact spinning experiments . Dr. Sherry Mayo (CSIRO Clayton, Melbourne) for her useful advice on yarn micro CT scanning experiments . Dr. Andrew Stevenson (Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne) for his useful advice and support in micro CT scanning experiments . Dr. Levi Beeching (Australian National University, Canberra) for CT scanning of yarn specimens using helical CT technique . Dr. Asadul Haque (Monash University, Melbourne) for helping to optimize the micro CT scanning parameters on regular micro CT scanning system . Dr. Matthew Foley (The University of Sydney, Sydney) for his advice and conducting multiple trials of yarn micro CT experiments on their CT system . Januar Gotama, Mel Dell'Olio and Tri Nguyen (CSIRO Highett) for their help in optimizing the resin processing recipe . Christine Rimmer and Helen Woodall for support on administrative and HDR matters iv . Sandy Benness and John Robin for support on IT matters I wish to acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council (ARC) and Shandong Ruyi Group through an ARC Linkage project (LP120200536). This work was also supported by the Multi-modal Australian ScienceS Imaging and Visualisation Environment (MASSIVE) (www.massive.org.au). Finally, I am wish to express gratitude to my family for their continued support, patience and encouragement during the years of my PhD. v List of Figures Figure 2.1: Yarns produced from a) staple fibres and b) continuous filaments ................ 8 Figure 2.2: (a) Working principle and various components of ring spinning system (b) formation of spinning triangle between front delivery roller and twisting point[11] ....................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2.3: Illustration of various yarn irregularities a) neps b) thick and thin places c) slubs [21] ...................................................................................................... 15 Figure 2.4: Pictorial comparison of hairy yarn versus non-hairy yarn[29] ..................... 17 Figure 2.5: Poor control on fibres lying at the extreme ends of the spinning triangle [26] ...................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 2.6: Path length difference of the fibres lying at the edge (Fe) and centre (Fc) of the spinning triangle ........................................................................................... 21 Figure 2.7: Patterns of stress distribution in spinning triangle zone with left offset (d = - 1.244), right offset (d = 1.244) and no offset (d = 0) configurations [51] ... 22 Figure 2.8: Geometrical model of spinning triangle (a) with a raised part [62] (b) concentric fibre circles at front roller nip [59] ............................................. 26 Figure 2.9: An image of spinning triangle taken using micro CCD camera [26] ........... 28 Figure 2.10: Some of the spinning triangle images captured through transparent roller arrangement [63] .......................................................................................... 29 Figure 2.11: The idealized helical model of yarn structure [71] ..................................... 30 Figure 2.12: Trajectory of tracer fibre within a yarn[74] ................................................ 32 Figure 2.13: Yarn cross sectional images (a) cotton yarns of various fibre fineness (b) viscose filament yarn (c) plied nylon filament yarn [85] ........................... 35 Figure 2.14: Cross sectional view of compact spun yarns produced on different compact spinning systems [88] ................................................................................ 36 Figure 2.15: Fibre trajectories in modified ring spinning system a) deformed axis b) loops c) local reversion [100] .............................................................................. 38 Figure 2.16: Working principle of micro computerized tomography system ................. 39 Figure 2.17: Volumetric model of cotton yarn produced by micro CT method (a) longitudinal and (b) cross sectional views [110] .......................................... 40 vi Figure 2.18: Various compact spinning systems (a) Rieter K46 perforated bottom cylinder [75] (b) Zinser perforated aprons [76] (c) Sussen compact spinning system [24] (d) Rocos compact spinning system [113] ........................................... 43 Figure 2.19: The arrangement of complete condensing spinning system [126] ............. 47 Figure 2.20: An overview of different components of Siro spinning system[135] ........ 49 Figure 2.21: Solo spinning attachment shows a specially designed grooved roller with mounting aids [146] ..................................................................................... 51 Figure 2.22: Left offset diagonal spinning by connecting fibrous strand to adjacent spindle[150]..................................................................................................... 53 Figure 2.23: Schematic diagram of different groove configurations to direct fibre flow[157] ...................................................................................................... 57 Figure 2.24: Pictorial illustration of spinning without (a) and with (b) contact surface[162] ...................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 2.25: False twister installed in yarn path of a conventional ring spinning system[165] .................................................................................................. 60 Figure 2.26: An air nozzle applied in yarn path of conventional ring spinning process[176] ...................................................................................................................... 62 Figure 2.27: Three roving feeding arrangement using a composite roving guide at classical ring spinning frame [191] .............................................................. 65 Figure 2.28: cross sectional comparison between cluster spun yarns (left) and core spun yarns (right) [192] ........................................................................................ 67 Figure 2.29: Illustration of twist insertion mechanism by magnetic levitated ring [201] ...................................................................................................................... 68 Figure 3.1: Images of the spinning triangle as taken from direct observation technique [26] ............................................................................................................... 78 Figure 3.2: Images of the spinning triangle taken through clear plastic roller a) appropriate image b) fibre slippage due to plastic roller ................................................. 79 Figure 3.3: A concept of clear rubber top roller for observing the spinning triangle during yarn spinning ................................................................................................ 81 Figure 3.4: Concentric arrangement of plastic tube and mould to cure polyurethane rubber layer .............................................................................................................. 84 Figure 3.5: Effect of resin components and mixture degassing on transparency of the rubber cot...................................................................................................... 85 Figure 3.6: Different components of clear rubber roller ................................................. 86 vii Figure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diary of William Owen from November 10, 1824 to April 20, 1825 Ed. by Joel W
    Library of Congress Diary of William Owen from November 10, 1824 to April 20, 1825 ed. by Joel W. Hiatt. INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS. VOLUME IV. NUMBER 1. DIARY OF WILLIAM OWEN From November 10, 1824, to April 20, 1825 EDITED BY JOEL W. HIATT LC INDIANAPOLIS: THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY. 1906. 601 25 Pat 14 F521 .I41 114026 08 iii PREFACE. 3 456 Part 2 8 The manuscript of this diary of William Owen has remained in the hands of his only daughter—formerly Mary Francis Owen, now Mrs. Joel W. Hiatt—for many years and its existence, save to a few, has been unknown. It is fragmentary in form. It is possibly the close of a journal which had been kept for years before. Its first sentence in the original is an incomplete one, showing that there was an antecedent portion. The picture of the times is so graphic than the Indiana Historical Society publishes it, on account of its historical value. Mr. Owen was 22 years old at the time of its composition. Diary of William Owen from November 10, 1824 to April 20, 1825 ed. by Joel W. Hiatt. http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.14024 Library of Congress William Owen was the second of four sons born to Robert and Ann Caroline Owen, of Scotland. Their names were Robert Dale, William, David Dale, and Richard. Three of them, Robert Dale, David Dale and Richard are known where ever the sun shines on the world of literature or science. William, who, because of habit or for his own amusement, wrote this diary is not known to fame.
    [Show full text]
  • NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PATH DEPENDENCE and the ORIGINS of COTTON TEXTILE MANUFACTURING in NEW ENGLAND Joshua L. Rosenbloom Wo
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PATH DEPENDENCE AND THE ORIGINS OF COTTON TEXTILE MANUFACTURING IN NEW ENGLAND Joshua L. Rosenbloom Working Paper 9182 http://www.nber.org/papers/w9182 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 September 2002 I thank Gavin Wright for his comments on an earlier version of this paper and Peter Temin and Doug Irwin for making available to me their data on cotton textile production and tariffs. The views expressed herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2002 by Joshua L. Rosenbloom. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Path Dependence and the Origins of Cotton Textile Manufacturing in New England Joshua L. Rosenbloom NBER Working Paper No. 9182 September 2002 JEL No. N6, N4 ABSTRACT During the first half of the nineteenth century the United States emerged as a major producer of cotton textiles. This paper argues that the expansion of domestic textile production is best understood as a path-dependent process that was initiated by the protection provided by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. This initial period of protection ended abruptly in 1815 with the conclusion of the war and the resumption of British imports, but the political climate had been irreversibly changed by the temporary expansion of the industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Spinning and Winding Taro Nishimura
    The_Textile_Machinery_Society_of_Japan_Textile_College_2-Day_Course_on_Cloth_Making_Introduction_to_Spinning_2014_05_22 Spinning and Winding Taro Nishimura 1. Introduction Since several thousand years ago, humans have been manufacturing linen, wool, cotton, and silk to be used as fibrous materials for clothing. In 繊維 (sen’i ), which is the word for “fiber,” the Chinese character 繊 (sen ) is a unit for decimal fractions of one ten-millionth (equal to approximately 30 Ǻ), while 維 (i) means “long and thin.” Usually, fibers are several dozen µ thick, and can range from around one centimeter long to nigh infinite length. All natural materials, with the exception of raw silk, are between several to several dozen centimeters long and are categorized as staple fibers. Most synthetic fibers are spun into filaments. Figure 1 shows how a variety of textile product forms are interrelated. Short fibers are spun into cotton (spun) yarns, whereas filaments are used just as they are, or as textured yarns by being twisted or stretched. Fabric cloths that are processed into two-dimensional forms using cotton (spun) yarns and filament yarns include woven fabrics, knit fabrics, nets, and laces. Non-woven fabrics are another type of two-dimensional form, in which staple fibers and filaments are directly processed into cloths without being twisted into yarns. Yet another two-dimensional form is that of films, which are not fiber products and are made from synthetic materials. Three-dimensional fabrics and braids are categorized as three-dimensional forms. This paper discusses spinning, or the process of making staple fibers into yarns, and winding, which prepares fibers for weaving. One-dimensional Two-dimensional Three-dimensional Natural Staple fibers Spun yarns Woven fabrics Three-dimensional materials Filaments Filament yarns Knit fabrics fabrics Synthetic Nets Braids materials Laces Non-woven fabrics Films Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Industrial Revolution, 1700–1900
    The Industrial Revolution, 1700–1900 Previewing Main Ideas SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY From the spinning jenny to the locomotive train, there was an explosion of inventions and technological advances. These improvements paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. Geography What other European countries besides England had coal, iron, and textile industries in the 1800s? EMPIRE BUILDING The global power balance shifted after the Industrial Revolution. This shift occurred because industrialized nations dominated the rest of the world. Geography Study the map. Which country appears to be the most industrialized? ECONOMICS The Industrial Revolution transformed economic systems. In part, this was because nations dramatically changed the way they produced and distributed goods. Geography What geographic factors might have encouraged the development of industry in certain places? INTERNET RESOURCES • Interactive Maps Go to classzone.com for: • Interactive Visuals • Research Links • Maps • Interactive Primary Sources • Internet Activities • Test Practice VIDEO Patterns of Interaction: • Primary Sources • Current Events The Industrial and Electronic • Chapter Quiz Revolutions 280 281 What are fair working conditions? You are a 15-year-old living in England where the Industrial Revolution has spurred the growth of thousands of factories. Cheap labor is in great demand. Like millions of other teenagers, you do not go to school. Instead, you work in a factory 6 days a week, 14 hours a day. The small pay you receive is needed to help support your family. You trudge to work before dawn every day and work until after sundown. Inside the workplace the air is hot and foul, and after sunset it is so dark it is hard to see.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventions in the Cotton Industry
    Inventions in the Cotton Industry Paisley Thread Mill Museum A Family of Threads John Kay: The Flying Shuttle 1733 • For centuries handloom weaving had been carried out by the shuttle with the yarn on being passed slowly and awkwardly from one hand to the other. • In 1733 John Kay patented his flying shuttle which dramatically increased the speed of this process. • Kay placed shuttle boxes at each side of the loom connected by a long board, known as a shuttle race. • With cords, a single weaver, using one hand, could knock the shuttle back and forth across the loom from one shuttle box to the other. • A weaver using Kay's flying shuttle could produce much wider cloth at much faster speeds than before. James Hargreaves: The Spinning Jenny 1764 • In 1764 Hargreaves built what became known as the Spinning- Jenny. • The machine used eight spindles onto which the thread was spun. • By turning a single wheel, the operator could now spin eight threads at once. • Later, improvements were made that enabled the number to be increased to eighty. • However, the thread that the machine produced was coarse and lacked strength. Richard Arkwright: The Water Frame 1771 • Richard Arkwright: The Water Frame 1771 • In 1762 Richard Arkwright met John Kay and Thomas Highs, who were trying to produce a new spinning- machine, to improve on the Spinning-Jenny. • Kay and Highs had run out of money and Arkwright offered to employ John Kay to make the new machine, with other, local craftsman to help. • It was not long before the team produced the Spinning-Frame.
    [Show full text]
  • The Industrial Revolution - Making Cloth: the Start of the Industrial Revolution
    The Industrial Revolution - Making Cloth: The Start of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution - Making Cloth: The Start of the Industrial Revolution by ReadWorks The Industrial Revolution got its start in the textile industry. Before the Industrial Revolution, making cloth was a very slow process. Cotton from cotton plants is puffy and full of seeds. First, the seeds had to be taken out, by hand. Next, the cotton had to be spun and stretched into thread, by hand. Finally, the thread was woven into cloth, by hand. Every step along the way required the full concentration of one person. Making cloth took a long time. In 1764, the process of turning cotton into cloth began to change. The three main steps stayed the same. But people began to use machines instead of doing everything manually. The machines did each step faster and faster. Some of the machines were huge. They couldn't fit into a person's home. The first factories were built to house machines and the workers needed to run them. Look at the timeline below. It describes the most important textile machines that were invented. Use it to answer the questions that follow. 1764: The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves. This machine made it easier to make thread. 1769: Sir Richard Arkwright invented the water frame. Now weavers could keep up with all the thread that was being made. After the invention of the water frame, one weaver could weave the yarn from four spinners! The water frame was too big for homes. It only fit in factories.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Spinning Technologies: Possibilities, Applications and Limitations
    Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 17 , December 1992, pp. 255-262 An overview of spinning technologies: Possibilities, applications and limitations K R Salhotra Department of Textile Technology. Indian Institute of Technology. Hauz Khas. New Delhi 110016. India Received 12 August 1992 The new spinning technologies such as rotor, air jet and friction spinning have tremendous potential for hi gher productivity. However. at present these technologies not o nl y suffer from the problem of imparting some undesirable properties to the fabric but a lso have limited applicability due to the restricted choice of fibres and counts which can be successfully spun on them. Ring-spinning system, though having lower productivity, does not have these drawbacks. This system, therefore, with the incorporation of some recent improvements is likely to occupy the centre stage for the next few years. Keywords: Air jet spinning, Fabric hand, Friction spinning, Jet spin-assembly wind, Open-end spinning, Ring spinning, Rotor spinning, Twin spinner, Wrap spinning, Yarn properties 1 Introduction 'moire' effect in the fabric despite many modifications The ring-spinning system had remained made to the original yarn. This situation was entirely unchallenged since its introduction in the middle of different from the earlier developments from hand last century till the late 1960s. However, the spinners spinning to ring spinning when the product were becoming increasingly aware of the fact that low characteristics did not undergo any basic change in its productivity was inherent to the basic principle of structure. The systems such as hand wheel, flyer ring spinning. The system had reached a plateau in spinning, cap spinning, spinning jenny, mule regard to maximum production speeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Textiles for Dress 1800-1920
    Draft version only: not the publisher’s typeset P.A. Sykas: Textiles for dress 1800-1920 Textile fabrics are conceived by the manufacturer in terms of their material composition and processes of production, but perceived by the consumer firstly in terms of appearance and handle. Both are deeply involved in the economic and cultural issues behind the wearing of cloth: cost, quality, meaning. We must look from these several perspectives in order to understand the drivers behind the introduction of fabrics to the market, and the collective response to them in the form of fashion. A major preoccupation during our time frame was novelty. On the supply side, novelty gave a competitive edge, stimulated fashion change and accelerated the cycle of consumption. On the demand side, novelty provided pleasure, a way to get noticed, and new social signifiers. But novelty can act in contradictory ways: as an instrument for sustaining a fashion elite by facilitating costly style changes, and as an agent for breaking down fashion barriers by making elite modes more affordable. It can drive fashion both by promoting new looks, and later by acting to make those looks outmoded. During the long nineteenth century, the desire for novelty was supported by the widely accepted philosophical view of progress: that new also implied improved or more advanced, hence that novelty was a reflection of modernity. This chapter examines textiles for dress from 1800 to 1920, a period that completed the changeover from hand-craft to machine production, and through Europe’s imperial ambitions, saw the reversal of East/West trading patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Cotton Mills for the Continent
    cotton mills_klartext.qxd 30.05.2005 9:11 Uhr Seite 1 Cotton mills for the continent Sidney Stott und der englische Spinnereibau in Münsterland und Twente Sidney Stott en de Engelse spinnerijen in Munsterland en Twente 1 cotton mills_klartext.qxd 30.05.2005 9:11 Uhr Seite 2 Cotton mills for the continent Bildnachweis/Verantwoording Sidney Stott und der englische Spinnereibau in afbeldingen Münsterland und Twente – Sidney Stott en de Engelse spinnerijen in Munsterland en Twente Andreas Oehlke, Rheine: 6, 47, 110, 138 Archiv Manz, Stuttgard: 130, 131, 132l Herausgegeben von/Uitgegeven door Axel Föhl, Rheinisches Amt für Denkmalpflege, Arnold Lassotta, Andreas Oehlke, Siebe Rossel, Brauweiler: 7, 8, 9 Axel Föhl und Manfred Hamm: Industriegeschichte Hermann Josef Stenkamp und Ronald Stenvert des Textils: 119 Westfälisches Industriemuseum, Beltman Architekten en Ingenieurs BV, Enschede: Dortmund 2005 111, 112, 127oben, 128 Fischer: Besteming Semarang: 23u, 25lo Redaktion/Redactie Duncan Gurr and Julian Hunt: The cotton mills of Oldham: 37, 81r Hermann Josef Stenkamp Eduard Westerhoff: 56, 57 Hans-Joachim Isecke, TECCON Ingenieurtechnik, Zugleich Begleitpublikation zur Ausstel- Stuhr: 86 lung/Tevens publicatie bij de tentoonstelling John A. Ledeboer: Spinnerij Oosterveld: 100 des Westfälischen Industriemuseums John Lang: Who was Sir Philip Stott?: 40 Museum Jannink, Enschede: 19, 98 – Textilmuseum Bocholt, Museum voor Industriële Acheologie en Textiel, des Museums Jannink in Enschede Gent: 16oben und des Textilmuseums Rheine Ortschronik (Stadtarchiv) Rüti: 110 Peter Heckhuis, Rheine: 67u, 137 Publikation und Ausstellung ermöglichten/ Privatbesitz: 15, 25u, 26u, 30, 31, 46, 65, 66, 67oben, 83oben, 87oben, 88u, 88r, 90, 92, 125l Publicatie en tentoonstelling werden Rheinisches Industriemuseum, Schauplatz Ratingen: mogelijk gemaakt door 11, 17 Europäische Union Ronald Stenvert: 26r, 39r, 97, 113oben, 113r, 114, 125r, Westfälisches Industriemuseum 126 Kulturforum Rheine Roger N.
    [Show full text]
  • Ÿþm Icrosoft W
    Northwestern University Library Evanston, Illinois 60201 LI L MAIDS & MADAMS MAIDS & MADAMS A Study in the Politics of Exploitation Jacklyn Cock JOHANNESBURG RAVAN PRESS Published by Ravan Press (Pty) Limited, 409 - 416 Dunwell, 35 Jorissen Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa. © Copyright Jacklyn Cock First Impression April 1980 Cover art: Bill Ainslie- 1 Typesetting: Dorothy Wheeler r, ISBN 0 86975 177 8 (cloth) ISBN 0 86975 121 3 (paper) Printed by National Book Printers, Goodwood, Cape Acknowledgement: The publishers gratefully acknowledge the co-operation of all the women who participated in the making of the photographs for this book. t' U14 To Mother, Kathie, Margaret and Bill THE MAKING OF A SERVANT I can no longer ask how it feels To be choked by a yoke-rope Because I have seen it for myself in the chained ox. The blindness has left my eyes. I have become aware, I bave seen the making of a servant In the young yoke-ox. He was sleek, lovely, born for freedom, Not asking anything from any one, simply priding himself on being a young ox. Someone said: Let him be caught and trained and broken in, Going about it as if he meant to help him. I bave seen the making of a servant In the young yoke-ox. He tried to resist, fighting for his freedom. He was surrounded, fenced in with wisdom and experience. They overcame him by trickery: 'He must be trained.' A good piece of rationalisation can camouflage evil. I have seen the making of a servant In the young yoke-ox.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture Outline Processing Fiber Into Yarn I
    LECTURE OUTLINE PROCESSING FIBER INTO YARN I. The History of Fiber Processing 11. Material Opening and Cleaning A. Preparing the bale lay-down 1. Selection of bales 2. Bale arrangement for blending 3. Removal of bands and bagging B. Opening and cleaning equipment 1. Weigh-pan feeders 2. Magnetic and electronic cleaners 3. Dust removers 4. Beater type cleaners 5. Positive-fed saw-type cleaners 111. Carding A. Opening of fiber B. Cleaning as a hction C. Reducing or drafting D. Packaging of stock IV. Drawing A. Drafting and fiber orientation B. Blending and uniformity V. Combing A. Combing preparation 1. Drawing for Iapper 2. Lapping B. Principles of combing operation I. Feeding of laps 2. Nipping of fiber 3. Circular combing 4. Detaching 5. Top combing V. Combing (continued) C. Primary functions 1. Removal of short fiber (noils) 2. Removal of trash D. Secondary functions 1. Reducing and drafting 2. Blending and packaging VI. Roving A. Definition and description of machine B. Description of product C. Purpose of roving machine 1. Drafting 2. Twisting 3. Packaging a. laying b. winding c. building VII. Types of Spinning A. Intermittent spinning 1. Hand Spinning 2. Saxony Wheel-Spinning Jenny B. Continuous spinning 1. Cap spinning 2. Centrifugal spinning 3. Flyer spinning 4. Ring spinning a. definition and description of process 1. drafting of fibers 2. twisting of yarn 3. packagmg of yarn aa. laying bb. winding cc. package building b. other ring spinning factors 1. ring and traveler 2. speeds and rpms C. Open-end spinning 1. Definition and methods a.
    [Show full text]
  • Education Teacher’S Kit
    Industrial Heritage - The Textile Industry Education Teacher’s Kit Background There is archaeological evidence of textile production in Britain from the late-prehistoric period onwards. For many thousands of years wool was the staple textile product of Britain. The dominance of wool in the British textile industry changed rapidly during the eighteenth century with the development of mechanised silk production and then mechanised cotton production. By the mid-nineteenth century all four major branches of the textile industry (cotton, wool, flax, hemp and jute and silk) had been mechanised and the British landscape was dominated by over 10,000 mill buildings with their distinctive chimneys. Overseas competition led to a decline in the textile industry in the mid-twentieth century. Today woollen production is once again the dominant part of the sector together with artificial and man-made fibres, although output is much reduced from historic levels. Innovation Thomas Lombe’s silk mill, built in 1721, is regarded as the first factory-based textile mill in Britain. However, it was not until the handloom was developed following the introduction of John Kay’s flying shuttle in 1733 that other branches of the textile industry (notably cotton and wool) became increasingly mechanised. In the second half of the eighteenth century, a succession of major innovations including James Hargreaves’s spinning jenny (1764), Richard Arkwright’s water frame (1769), his carding engine (1775), and Samuel Crompton’s mule (1779), revolutionised the preparation and spinning of cotton and wool and led to the establishment of textile factories where several machines were housed under one roof.
    [Show full text]