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A High Mountain Population of the Ring-Tailed Lemur Lemur Catta on The

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A High Mountain Population of the Ring-Tailed Lemur Lemur Catta on The ORYX VOL 30 NO 4 OCTOBER 1996 A high mountain population of the ring- tailed lemur Lemur catta on the Andringitra Massif, Madagascar Steven M. Goodman and Olivier Langrand The ring-tailed lemur Lemur catta is generally considered to be a species of dry deciduous forest, gallery forest and spiny thorn scrub at relatively low altitudes. During a survey of the summit zone of the Andringitra Massif, one of the most climatically extreme areas on Madagascar, we recorded this species above the tree- line at 2520 m in an area composed mostly of exposed rock, low ericoid bush and subalpine vegetation. Information was collected on food plants consumed by this species. This pelage coloration of the local population ofL. catta differed from museum specimens and photographs taken from other areas of this species's range. The taxonomic status of the Andringitra population is in need of further study. Introduction L. catta. This is in part due to the fact that many of the records refer to old specimens, Perhaps no species of lemur is better known and the range of this species may have been scientifically than the ring-tailed lemur Lemur altered substantially over the past 100 years as catta, which has been the subject of numerous a result of human-induced ecological changes. ecological and behavioural studies. It is gener- A project is very much needed to define pre- ally considered to be an animal of dry decidu- cisely the distribution and ecological require- ous forest, gallery forest and spiny thorn scrub ments of L. catta. of southern and south-western Madagascar The most extreme north-eastern records ap- (Sussman, 1977; Tattersall, 1982; Harcourt and pear to be near Ankafina (21°13'S, 47°15'E; Thornback, 1990). In the literature on the dis- Jenkins, 1987) and 50 km west of Fianarantsoa tribution of Lemur catta there is mention of it on the Central High Plateau (Petter et al, occurring in 'interior highlands' (Tattersall, 1977). The latter locality is approximately 90 1982: 46), 'one ... population occurs near the km north-north-west of the Andringitra mountains of Andringitra on the southeastern Massif (Figure 1). There were several observa- plateau' (Mittermeier et al, 1994:167), and 'it tions of this species during 1993 and 1994 in is found... in the central-east to the the hills south and west of Ambalavao (P. Andringitra Massif (our translation) (Petter et Schachenmann, pers. comm.), approximately ah, 1977:157). Until we conducted a survey of half-way between Fianarantsoa and the the summit zone of the Andringitra Massif in Andringitra Massif. Sussman (1977) reported early September 1995 little was known and L. catta just south of Ambalavao along Route published about this population. Nationale no. 7. This latter site is probably the forest just south of the village of Anapita (21° 50.26'S, 46°50.55'E), at 920 m and 15 km west The north-eastern distribution limit of of Ambalavao, where we observed a group of Lemur catta eight L. catta on 25 January 1996. On 14 May 1993 at 1500 m and in the wooded foothills There is considerable ambiguity in the litera- near Mahasoa (21° 59'S, 46°27'E), within a few ture on the north-eastern limit of the range of km of the northern boundary of the Reserve © 1996 FFI, Oryx, 30 (4), 259-268 259 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.8, on 30 Sep 2021 at 16:24:33, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060530002175X S. M. GOODMAN AND O. LANGRAND Morondava -24° 24' Tolagnaro RNI Reserve Naturelle Integrale PN Pare National yiM limits of forest and \ | protected areas Distribution of Lemur catta after Tattersall (1982) Figure 1. Geographical distribution of Lemur catta and 46° 30 0 30 60 Kilometer main localities mentioned in the text. Naturelle Integrale (RNI) d'Andringitra, two Sussman (1977) and Tattersall (1982) for re- groups of L. catta were heard vocalizing (O.L. views of this species's distribution. and P. Schachenmann, pers. comm.). There are also recent observations in the high mountain zone of the massif to the west and north-west Description of the RNI d'Andringitra of the reserve in the vicinity of Morarano and Tsaranora (P. Schachenmann, pers. comm.). The RNI d'Andringitra has a surface area of Specimens of L. catta were collected by the 31,160 ha, within an elevational range of Franco-Anglo-Americaine Mission approxi- 650-2658 m, and contains botanical elements mately 50 km south of the Andringitra Massif of the Eastern, Central and High Mountain in the Reserve Speciale d'lvohibe (c. 22°31'S, domains (Nicoll and Langrand, 1989; Lewis et 46°59'E; Buettner-Janusch and Tattersall, 1985; al., in press). The eastern slopes of the massif Jenkins, 1987; specimen in Museum National hold an extensive area of rain forest, the upper d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, C.G. 1932-3255). portion of which is largely sclerophyllous for- No altitude is given for the site where these est. Between 1900 and 2000 m the forest specimens were obtained, but on the basis of grades into a mosaic of ericoid bush and an- the mission's report, collections were made in thropogenic savannah and, towards the sum- 'the forest country around Ivohibe' at 'about mit zone, into mixed ericoid and subalpine 800-1000 meters' (Rand, 1936). Further west of vegetation, and exposed rock. Below the sum- the Andringitra Massif there are numerous mit zone are extensive plateau systems cov- historical and recent records of this species in ered with altimontane meadows that have the Ihosy, Ranohira and Isalo region (Jenkins, been modified by human disturbance, princi- 1987; pers. obs.). See Petter et al. (1977), pally burning. The upper portions of the 260 © 1996 FFI, Oryx, 30 (4), 259-268 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.8, on 30 Sep 2021 at 16:24:33, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060530002175X HIGH MOUNTAIN POPULATION OF LEMUR CATTA 46° N .Morarano .Antanifotsy • Ambalamanandray • Ambalabe it of proteccted areas Exposed rocks Figure 2. Reserve Naturelle Integrate d'Andringitra and 46° localities mentioned in the text. I massif are extremely precipitous with deep = 1.5°C, n = 6) and maximum temperatures eroded gullies and canyons. from 13 to 26°C (average = 19.5°C, n = 6) and In 1993 a biological inventory was con- in the Cuvette du Pic Boby daily minimum ducted of the eastern slopes of the reserve, temperatures ranged from -7 to +4°C (average where 12 species of lemurs were recorded and =-2.5°C, n = 6) and maximum temperatures no evidence was found of L. catta (Sterling and from 16 to 26°C (average = 19°C, n = 6). On Ramaroson, in press). In September 1995 we several mornings at the latter locality, stag- returned to the reserve to complete the eleva- nant or slow-running water was frozen to a tional transect of selected vertebrate groups. depth sufficient to support the weight of a Two camps were established: 3-9 September human. The months of June to August (gener- along the Plateau d'Andohariana, 2211.52'S, ally the coldest months) often experience tem- 46°54.27'E, 2050 m; and 9-15 September in the peratures below freezing (Paulian et al., 1971). Cuvette du Pic Boby, 2210.89'S, 46°53.60'E, The high-mountain zone of the massif is con- 2450 m (Figure 2). The period of our visit coin- sidered to be the most frigid and meteorologi- cided with the end of the cold season. Along cally extreme site on the island, where over the Plateau d'Andohariana daily minimum the past few decades snow has fallen on temperatures ranged from -2 to +7°C (average several occasions. © 1996 FFI, Oryx, 30 (4), 259-268 261 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.8, on 30 Sep 2021 at 16:24:33, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060530002175X S. M. GOODMAN AND O. LANGRAND Information on the RNI a"Andringitra After the group reached the pass, the lead population of Lemur catta female took a sentinel position on a vantage point for a few minutes before adopting, with There are several records of L. catta on the the adult male, the typical sunning posture Andringitra Massif. During his exploration of (Petter et al, 1977); during this period the rest the Andringitra region in the early twentieth of the troop began feeding. On the basis of century, Perrier de la Bathie (1927: 23) noted, scat remains found in the zone above 1900 m, 'the rocky areas of the western slope of the Cryptoprocta ferox, a known predator of L. catta massif are inhabited by L. catta which occa- (Goodman et al., 1993) is common at higher el- sionally occur up to the summits, and they evations in the RNI d'Andringitra, and per- climb with ease vertical rock walls' (our trans- haps the troop's vigilance was to counter lation). Two Lemur catta were observed on 11 attacks by this carnivore. Because nothing dis- September 1941 at the pass below Pic turbed them, the adult female also started Ivangomena (Anon., 1944). This is the same looking for food. Our observations of the site where we found this species 54 years later troop feeding involved mainly the leading (see below).
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