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Türkiye Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae) Türlerinin Taksonomik Revizyonu

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Türkiye Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae) Türlerinin Taksonomik Revizyonu T.C. ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNASYON BİRİMİ Türkiye Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae) Türlerinin Taksonomik Revizyonu Proje No: FBA-08-519 Proje Türü Araştırma Projesi SONUÇ RAPORU Proje Yürütücüsü: Prof. Dr. Ahmet AKSOY Biyoloji Bölümü Araştırmacılar Prof. Dr. Ergin Hamzaoğlu ( Gazi Üniv, Eğitim Fakültesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr.Ümit Budak (Bozok Üniv. Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi) Nisan 2011 KAYSERİ ii TEŞEKKÜR Bu çalışma sırasında bazı arazi çalışmalarımıza katılan Araştırma Görevlileri. Murat Koç, Mustafa Kocakaya ve Mehmet Yazuz Paksoy’a teşekkür ederiz. Bu raporda kullanılan ve herbaryum örneklerinden hazırlanan resimlerin hazırlanmasında yoğun emeği geçen Arş. Gör. Murat Koç’a teşekkürü bir borç biliriz. Bu proje kapsamında herbaryumlardaki toplanmış örnekleri incelememize müsaade eden Ankara, Ege, Gazi, Hacettepe, İstanbul, Konya, Van gibi üniversitelerin herbaryum görevlilerine, ayrıca İngiltere Kew ve Edinburgh herbaryum görevlilerine çok teşekkür ederiz. Bu çalışma, Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından FBA-08-519 proje kodlu “ Türkiye Helichrysum M,ill. (Asteraceae) Türlerinin Taksonomik Revizyonu” isimli araştırma projesi ile desteklenmiştir. Maddi desteklerinden dolayı Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine teşekkür ederiz. Ayrıca, bu çalışma süresince maddi ve manevi destekleri ile her zaman yanımızda olan ailelerimize çok teşekkür ederiz. iii İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa No TEŞEKKÜR ÖZET ABSTRACT 1. GİRİŞ 1 2. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM 6 3. BULGULAR VE TARTIŞMA 8 4. KAYNAKLAR 72 iv Özet Türkiye Helichrysum Mill. cinsinin revizyonu yapılmıştır. Cins Türkiye’de 27 taksona sahip iken yapılan bu çalışmayla sayı 21’e indirilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucu H. sanguineum (L.) Kostel. var. stramineum Eig’un H. sanguineum’un, H. yurterianum Y.Gemici, Kit Tan, H.Yıldırım & M.Gemici’un H. pallasii (Spreng.) Ledeb.’nin, H. kitianum Yıldız’un H. graveolens (M.Bieb.) Sweet’in, H. plicatum DC. subsp. isauricum Parolly’un H. polyphyllum Ledeb.’un, H. sivasicum Kit Tan & Yıldız’un H. armenium DC. var. armenium’un, H. artvinense Davis & Kupicha’nin H. armenium var. araxinum (Takht. ex Kirp.) Hamzaoğlu & Aksoy’un ve H. arenarium (L.) Moench subsp. erzincanicum P.H.Davis & Kupicha’un H. arenarium subsp. aucheri (Boiss.) P.H.Davis & Kupicha’nin sinonimleri oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan populasyon incelemeleri sonucu H. pseudoplicatum Nábělek’un H. plicatum’un ve H. araxinum Takht. ex Kirp.’un H. armenium’un varyeteleri olarak değerlendirilmesine karar verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Taksonomi, Helichrysum, Türkiye v Revision of the genus Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae) in Turkey Abstract Revision of the genus Helichrysum Mill. is made. Before this study, the genus had 27 taxa, this number is reduced to 21 with this study. According to the results of the observations we determined that, H. sanguineum (L.) Kostel. var. stramineum Eig is a synonym of H. sanguineum, H. yurterianum Y.Gemici, Kit Tan, H.Yıldırım & M.Gemici is a synonym of H. pallasii (Spreng.) Ledeb., H. kitianum Yıldız is a synonym of H. graveolens (M.Bieb.) Sweet, H. plicatum DC. subsp. isauricum Parolly is a synonym of H. polyphyllum Ledeb., H. sivasicum Kit Tan & Yıldız is a synonym of H. armenium DC. var. armenium, H. artvinense Davis & Kupicha is a synonym of H. armenium var. araxinum (Takht. ex Kirp.) Hamzaoğlu & Aksoy and H. arenarium (L.) Moench subsp. erzincanicum P.H.Davis & Kupicha is a synonym of H. arenarium subsp. aucheri (Boiss.) P.H.Davis & Kupicha. Besides, according to the observations of our population examinations; H. pseudoplicatum Nábìlek’un H. plicatum’un and H. araxinum Takht. ex Kirp. Should be ecaluated as varieties of H. armenium. vi ŞEKİLLERİN LİSTESİ Şekil Sayfa Şekil 1. Helichrysum sanguineum...................................................................................17 Şekil 2. Helichrysum pamphylicum.................................................................................20 Şekil 3. Helichrysum stoechas ........................................................................................23 Şekil 4. Helichrysum orientale........................................................................................25 Şekil 5. Helichrysum sanguineum, H. pamphylicum, H. stoechas, H. orientale taksonlarının Türkiye’deki yayılışı.....................................................................26 Şekil 6. Helichrysum chasmolycicum..............................................................................28 Şekil 7. Helichrysum compactum....................................................................................30 Şekil 8. Helichrysum unicapitatum .................................................................................32 Şekil 9. Helichrysum heywoodianum ..............................................................................34 Şekil 10. Helichrysum chasmolycicum, H. unicapitatum, H. heywoodianum, H. compactum taksonlarının Türkiye’deki yayılışı...................................................................35 Şekil 11. Helichrysum noeanum......................................................................................37 Şekil 12. Helichrysum pallasii........................................................................................40 Şekil 13. Helichrysum chionophyllum.............................................................................42 Şekil 14. Helichrysum peshmenianum.............................................................................44 Şekil 15. Helichrysum noeanum, H.pallasii, H. chionophyllum, H. peshmenianum taksonlarının Türkiye’deki yayılışı...................................................................45 vii Şekil 16. Helichrysum graveolens...................................................................................46 Şekil 17. Helichrysum plicatum var plicatum..................................................................49 Şekil 18. Helichrysum plicatum var. pseudoplicatum......................................................53 Şekil 19. Helichrysum polyphyllum.................................................................................55 Şekil 20. Helichrysum graveolens, H. plicatum var. plicatum, H. plicatum var. pseudoplicatum, H. polyphyllum taksonlarının Türkiye’deki yayılışı ...............56 Şekil 21. Helichrysum armenium var. armenium.............................................................59 Şekil 22. Helichrysum armenium var. araxinum .............................................................62 Şekil 23. Helichrysum armenium var. armenium, H. armenium var. araxinum taksonlarının Türkiye’deki yayılışı...................................................................63 Şekil 24. Helichrysum goulandriorum ............................................................................64 Şekil 25. Helichrysum arenarium subsp. aucheri............................................................67 Şekil 26. Helichrysum rubicundum 70 Şekil 27. Helichrysum goulandriorum, Helichrysum rubicundum ve Helichrysum arenarium subsp. aucheri taksonlarının Türkiye’deki yayılışı 71 viii GİRİŞ Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) cinsi Africa, Madagaskar, Avrupa ve Asya’da yayılış gösteren yaklaşık 600 türle temsil edilir (Bayer et al., 2007). Türkiye Helichrysum cinsi ile ilgili son revizyon çalışması Türkiye Florası’nın 5. cildinde Davis ve Kupicha tarafından yapılmıştır. Bu revizyonda yer alan taksonlara 10. ciltte (ek cilt 1) iki tür ve 11. ciltte (ek cilt 2) iki tür ve bir alttür daha ilave edilmiştir (Davis & Kupicha, 1975; Davis et al., 1988; Erik, 2000). 2003 yılında Sümbül ve arkadaşları tarafından cinse yeni bir tür ilave edilmiş, ancak bu yeni tür bir süre sonra Helichrysum chasmolycicum P.H.Davis türü altında sinonim olarak yorumlanmıştır (Sümbül et al., 2003; Parolly & Eren, 2006). Son literatür kayıtlarına göre cins Türkiye’de doğal yayılış gösteren 27 takson ile (sinonim yapılan Helichrysum orbicularifolium dahil) temsil edilmektedir (21 tür ve 6 alttür) ve bunlardan 14’ü endemiktir (Davis & Kupicha, 1975; Davis et al., 1988; Erik, 2000; Sümbül et al., 2003). Türkiye Helichrysum taksonları Türkiye Florası’nda habit, tüylenme, renk ve kapitulum sayısı gibi bazı taksonlarda çok değişken olabilen karakterlerle birbirlerinden ayrılmıştır. Bu durum sıklıkla teşhis hatalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu karakterler yerine son zamanlarda kabul gören ve kullanımı yaygınlaşan stilus, stigma, anter ve filament karakterleri gibi mikro-morfolojik karakterler incelenerek, bu karakterler ile daha güvenli teşhis yapma imkânları araştırılacaktır. Ayrıca cinsin dahil olduğu oymak ve bazı taksonlarının adları ile ilgili son 30 yılda yapılan bazı düzenlemeler de revizyona yansıtılacaktır (Hilliard & Burt, 1981a ; 1981b; Anderberg, 1991; Tadesse & Reilly, 1995 Galbany-Casals et al., 2004; 2006; Bayer et al., 2007; Hind et al., 2007). Bu çalışma ile özellikle drog bakımından önemli bir potansiyele sahip olan Türkiye Helichrysum türleri (Baytop, 1994) taksonomik olarak yeniden gözden geçirilerek; tür ve alttür teşhis anahtarlarının daha güvenli ve kullanışlı hale getirilmesine ve ülkemizde varlığı şüpheli olan taksonun durumunun netleştirilmesine çalışılacak, taksonların betimlemeleri genişletilecek, yayılış bilgileri ve tehlike kategorileri güncelleştirilecektir. Çalışmanın yeniden yazılması planlanan “Türkiye Florası” için katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Türkiye Florası 5., 10. ve 11. (ek cilt 1 ve 2) ciltlerinde verilen tüm Helichrysum cinsi taksonları ile daha sonra yayınlanmış veya bu projenin
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