Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management Edited by Anna Kocira and Mariola Staniak Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Agriculture www.mdpi.com/journal/agriculture Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management Editors Anna Kocira Mariola Staniak MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editors Anna Kocira Mariola Staniak Institute of Agricultural Sciences Department of Forage Crop State School of Higher Education Production in Chełm Institute of Soil Science and Chełm Plant Cultivation - State Poland Research Institute Puławy Poland Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472) (available at: www.mdpi.com/journal/agriculture/special issues/ Weed Ecology Approaches). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Volume Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-0365-1512-0 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-0365-1511-3 (PDF) © 2021 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents Anna Kocira and Mariola Staniak Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management Reprinted from: Agriculture 2021, 11, 262, doi:10.3390/agriculture11030262 . 1 Adam Kleofas Berbe´c,Mariola Staniak, Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk, Anna Kocira and Jarosław Stalenga Organic but Also Low-Input Conventional Farming Systems Support High Biodiversity of Weed Species in Winter Cereals Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 413, doi:10.3390/agriculture10090413 . 7 Anna Kocira, Mariola Staniak, Marzena Tomaszewska, Rafał Kornas, Jacek Cymerman, Katarzyna Panasiewicz and Halina Lipi ´nska Legume Cover Crops as One of the Elements of Strategic Weed Management and Soil Quality Improvement. A Review Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 394, doi:10.3390/agriculture10090394 . 23 Dorota Gaweda, Małgorzata Haliniarz, Urszula Bronowicka-Mielniczuk and Justyna Łukasz Weed Infestation and Health of the Soybean Crop Depending on Cropping System and Tillage System Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 208, doi:10.3390/agriculture10060208 . 65 Agnieszka Faligowska, Katarzyna Panasiewicz, Grazyna˙ Szyma ´nska,Karolina Ratajczak, Hanna Sulewska, Agnieszka Pszcz´ołkowskaand Anna Kocira Influence of Farming System on Weed Infestation and on Productivity of Narrow-Leaved Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 459, doi:10.3390/agriculture10100459 . 85 Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk, Janusz Smagacz, Cezary A. Kwiatkowski, Elzbieta˙ Harasim and Andrzej Wozniak´ Weed Flora and Soil Seed Bank Composition as Affected by Tillage System in Three-Year Crop Rotation Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 186, doi:10.3390/agriculture10050186 . 95 Maria Janicka, Aneta Kutkowska and Jakub Paderewski Diversity of Segetal Flora in Salix viminalis L. Crops Established on Former Arable and Fallow Lands in Central Poland Reprinted from: Agriculture 2021, 11, 25, doi:10.3390/agriculture11010025 . 115 Małgorzata Haliniarz, Dorota Gaweda, Bozena˙ Nowakowicz-Debek, Agnieszka Najda, Sylwia Chojnacka, Justyna Łukasz, Łukasz Wlazło and Monika R´oza˙ ´nska-Boczula Evaluation of the Weed Infestation, Grain Health, and Productivity Parameters of Two Spelt Wheat Cultivars Depending on Crop Protection Intensification and Seeding Densities Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 229, doi:10.3390/agriculture10060229 . 139 Jolanta Bojarszczuk and Janusz Podle´sny Segetal Diversity in Selected Legume Crops Depending on Soil Tillage Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 635, doi:10.3390/agriculture10120635 . 159 Barbara Sawicka, Barbara Krochmal-Marczak, Piotr Barba´s,Piotr Pszcz´ołkowskiand Marek Cwintal´ Biodiversity of Weeds in Fields of Grain in South-Eastern Poland Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 589, doi:10.3390/agriculture10120589 . 173 v Piotr Barba´s,Barbara Sawicka, Barbara Krochmal Marczak and Piotr Pszcz´ołkowski Effect of Mechanical and Herbicide Treatments on Weed Densities and Biomass in Two Potato Cultivars Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 455, doi:10.3390/agriculture10100455 . 191 Kgalalelo Tshimologo Annie Setshedi and Solomon Wakshom Newete The Impact of Exotic Tamarix Species on Riparian Plant Biodiversity Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 395, doi:10.3390/agriculture10090395 . 207 Piotr Pszcz´ołkowski,Piotr Barba´s,Barbara Sawicka and Barbara Krochmal-Marczak Biological and Agrotechnical Aspects of Weed Control in the Cultivation of Early Potato Cultivars under Cover Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 373, doi:10.3390/agriculture10090373 . 223 Ricardo Alc´antara-dela Cruz, Gabriel da Silva Amaral, Guilherme Moraes de Oliveira, Luiz Renato Rufino, Fernando Alves de Azevedo, Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho and Maria F´atima das Gra¸casFernandes da Silva Glyphosate Resistance in Amaranthus viridis in Brazilian Citrus Orchards Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 304, doi:10.3390/agriculture10070304 . 241 Łukasz Sobiech, Monika Grzanka, Danuta Kurasiak-Popowska and Dominika Radzikowska Phytotoxic Effect of Herbicides on Various Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] Genotypes and Plant Chlorophyll Fluorescence Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 185, doi:10.3390/agriculture10050185 . 251 Cezary A. Kwiatkowski, Małgorzata Haliniarz and Elzbieta˙ Harasim Weed Infestation and Health of Organically Grown Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.) Depending on Selected Foliar Sprays and Row Spacing Reprinted from: Agriculture 2020, 10, 168, doi:10.3390/agriculture10050168 . 265 vi agriculture Editorial Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management Anna Kocira 1,*,† and Mariola Staniak 2,*,† 1 Institute of Agricultural Sciences, State School of Higher Education in Chełm, Pocztowa 54, 22-100 Chełm, Poland 2 Department of Forage Crop Production, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (M.S.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. 1. Introduction The rich biodiversity of agricultural fields and their surroundings enhances natural ecosystems and has a positive impact on their productivity and resistance, e.g., by main- taining a balance between crop pathogens and pests, ensuring pollination and nutrient cycles [1]. Segetal flora, commonly known as weeds, are present in all types of crops, and their composition, density and biomass depend on many factors, including the species of crop, habitat conditions, the performance of crop management procedures, and the time of year [2]. From the point of view of human management, weeds are undesirable species in fields, because their presence reduces the yield of crops and contributes to the deterioration of the crop quality. Some weeds are also harmful because they can be hosts of pests or crop pathogens, parasites or semiparasites, or have poisonous properties towards animals and humans. However, apart from the negative aspects, weeds also have many positive functions in agrocenoses, such as increasing the number of pollinators, providing habitats and food for beneficial insects, and some secrete substances that inhibit the development of pests [3]. Citation: Kocira, A.; Staniak, M. Weed control is important in growing systems, requiring the integration of different Weed Ecology and New Approaches plant protection strategies and methods. The Special Issue “Weed Ecology and New Ap- for Management. Agriculture 2021, 11, proaches for Management” contains 14 original research articles and 1 review article covering 262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ topics related to the biology and damage of weeds, especially related to the health and agriculture11030262 yielding of crops and the biodiversity of segetal weeds, as well as integrated methods of weed control and herbicide resistance. It includes articles related to the effects of tillage and Received: 1 March 2021 management intensity on species diversity and weed abundance in winter cereals [4,5] and Accepted: 15 March 2021 Published: 19 March 2021 legumes e.g., soybean [6], pea [7] and lupine [7,8]. Several articles have shown that crop species and habitat conditions significantly affect the abundance and botanical composition Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral of the associated flora (segetal weeds) [4,5,9]. Moreover, it was found that the effectiveness with regard to jurisdictional claims in of the use of plant protection products in wheat cultivation depended on the cultivar [10]. published maps and institutional affil- Increasing the intensity of the production also affects the yields of lupine [8] and spelt iations. wheat [10], as well as the health of soybean [6] and chamomile [11]. In perennial crops (willow), segetal weeds are the dominant flora, although with the age of the plantation their number decreases in favor of apophytes [12]. Dangerous to the native flora are invasive species that require monitoring, such as exotic Tamarix species, introduced