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REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics and International Relations no: 18 2008 Facts and Comments Ömer E. LÜTEM Ottoman Armenian Intricate Relations with Western Powers before and during the Peace Settlements of the First World War Prof. Dr. Seçil KARAL AKGÜN Turkish-American Relations and the Armenian Issue Prof. Dr. Nurflen MAZICI Terrorism and Asymmetric Threat: Activities Against Turkey, from the Beginning of the 20th Century to the Present Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sadi ÇAYCI The Establishment and Activities of the Eastern Legion in French Archival Documents (November 1918-1921) Serdar PALABIYIK BOOK REVIEWS RECENT PUBLICATIONS ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics and International Relations 2008, No 18 OWNER Ret. Ambassador Ömer E. LÜTEM EDITOR Ret. Ambassador Ömer E. LÜTEM MANAGING EDITOR İrem ERİKAN SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE Terazi Publishing Abidin Daver Sok. No. 12/2 06550 Çankaya/ANKARA Tel: 0 (312) 438 50 23 Fax: 0 (312) 438 50 26 E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD In Alphabetical Order Prof. Dr. Seçil KARAL AKGÜN Armağan KULOĞLU (Middle East Technical University, Ankara) (Ret. Major General) Prof. Dr. Nedret KURAN BURÇOĞLU Ömer E. LÜTEM (Boğaziçi University, İstanbul) (Ret. Ambassador, Director of the Prof. Dr. Kemal ÇİÇEK Center for Eurasian Studies) (Turkish Historical Society) Prof. Dr. Nurşen MAZICI Dr. Şükrü ELEKDAĞ (Marmara University, İstanbul) (Ret. Ambassador, Member of Parliament) Prof. Dr. Nesib NESSİBLİ Prof. Dr. Yavuz ERCAN (Khazar University, Baku) (Ankara University, Ankara) Prof. Dr. Hikmet ÖZDEMİR (Ankara University, Ankara) Prof. Dr. Yusuf HALAÇOĞLU (Gazi University, Ankara) Prof. Dr. Mehmet SARAY (Yeditepe University, İstanbul) Dr. Erdal İLTER (Historian) Dr. Bilal N. ŞİMŞİR (Ret. Ambassador, Historian) Prof. Dr. Hasan KÖNİ (Yeditepe University, İstanbul) Prof. Dr. Arslan TERZİOĞLU (İstanbul University, İstanbul) Prof. Dr. Enver KONUKÇU (Atatürk University, Erzurum) ADVISORY BOARD In Alphabetical Order Assist. Prof. Dr. Kalerya BELOVA Andrew MANGO (Institute of International Relations, Moscow) (Journalist, Author) Prof. Dr. Peter BENDIXEN Prof. Dr. Justin MCCARTHY (University of Hamburg, Hamburg) (University of Louisville, USA) Edward ERICKSON Otto WINKELMAN (Historian) (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe University, Frankfurt) Review of Armenian Studies is published biannually Review of Armenian Studies is a refereed journal. Articles submitted for publication are subject to peer review. The editorial board takes into consideration whether the submitted article follows the rules of scientific areas. Upon their decision, the article will be published in the journal, or rejected. The reports of the referees are kept confidential and stored in the journal’s archives for five years. Publication Office 2447. Sokak Çınar Sitesi 3. Blok No: 32/61 Ümit Mah. Yenimahalle/Ankara Tel: +90 (312) 438 50 23 ISSN: 1303-5304 Printing: Mert Basın Yayın San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Tel: +90 (312) 229 43 01 Fax: +90 (312) 229 43 05 Printing Date: 13 May 2009 Annual Subscription: 15 US $ 15 TL Please send your payment to the following bank account: For TL - Terazi Yayıncılık, Garanti Bankası-Çankaya/ANKARA Branch 181/6296007 Postal Cheque Account Ankara/Çankaya/Merkez 5859221 For US $ - Garanti Bankası-Çankaya/ANKARA Branch 181/9086957 IBAN: TR60 0006 2000 1810 009 0869 57 Statements of facts or opinions appearing in Review of Armenian Studies are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editor and publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior authorization of Ömer Engin LÜTEM. CONTENTS Page: Editorial Note ....................................................................................................................................................5 ARTICLES Facts and Comments...............................................................................................................................7 Ömer E. LÜTEM Ottoman Armenian Intricate Relations with Western Powers before and during the Peace Settlements of the First World War ............................................................39 Prof. Dr. Seçil KARAL AKGÜN Turkish-American Relations and the Armenian Issue .............................................................81 Prof. Dr. Nurşen MAZICI Terrorism and Asymmetric Threat: Activities against Turkey, from the Beginning of the 20th Century to the Present .............................................................................89 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sadi ÇAYCI The Establishment and Activities of the Eastern Legion in French Archival Documents (November 1918-1921) ...........................................................101 Mustafa Serdar PALABIYIK BOOK REVIEWS CONTENTS Prof. Dr. Hikmet Özdemir: Turkish Accumulation vis-à-vis Armenian Claims (Ermeni İddiaları Karşısında Türkiye’nin Birikimi)..............................121 (Yıldız DEVECİ BOZKUŞ) Jean-Louis Mattei: The Armenian Committees’ Pursuit of a Greater Armenia Through Documents (Belgelerle Büyük Ermenistan Peşinde Ermeni Komiteleri) ..123 (Ercan Cihan ULUPINAR) RECENT PUBLICATIONS ......................................................................................................................129 (Yıldız DEVECİ BOZKUŞ) ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS ......................................................................................................................131 Review of Armenian Studies 3 No. 18, 2008 4 Review of Armenian Studies No. 18, 2008 EDITORIAL NOTE After a brief interlude, we are happy to be reunited with our readers with issue number 18 of the Review of Armenian Studies. The first 17 issues of this journal were published by The Center for Eurasian Strategic Studies (ASAM)- a subsidiary of Avrasya-Bir Foundation. Upon our request, The Board of Directors of Avrasya-Bir Foundation ceded to us the publishing rights of this journal alongside those of the journal with the Turkish title; Ermeni Araştırmaları Dergisi. In this manner, the said journals which are the only publications in Turkey to deal solely with the Armenian Question will continue to be published uninterrupted. For this reason, I am indebted to the President of the Avrasya-Bir Foundation, Şaban Gülbahar, and the other members of the Board of Directors. On a somber note, before moving on to the itinerary of this issue we must express that we were deeply saddened by the tragic loss of former ASAM President, parliamentarian and Ret. Ambassador Gündüz Aktan. He leaves behind an irreplaceable void within the Armenian Question research community. In holding with previous issues, this journal will continue to publish scholarly articles dealing with all aspects of the Armenian Question. This issue opens with the “Facts and Comments” article which examines the foremost developments concerning the relations between Armenia and Turkey that took place throughout the September 2008-Febuary 2009 period. In doing so, the initiative of President Sargsyan to open a new phase of dialogue between the two countries is addressed. Furthermore, this article analyzes the campaign for an apology to the Armenians and focuses on U.S.-Turkey relations in the aftermath of President Obama’s election. Finally, recent developments concerning genocide allegations in several countries as well as the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly resolution pertaining to the archives and historical research are examined. EDITORIAL NOTE In the article entitled “Ottoman Armenian Intricate Relations with Western Powers before and during the Peace Settlements of the First World War”, Prof. Seçil Karal Akgün, provides for an examination of the developments whereby the Great Powers changed their stance during the Paris Peace Conference and began to approach Armenian demands with reluctance. Akgün sets forth that the Lausanne Peace Treaty effectively ended Armenian expectations of an independent state encompassing Turkish territories. Prof. Dr. Nursen Mazici examines present relations between Turkey and the United States in light of Armenian genocide claims, and also charts likely developments and the course of relations between the two countries in the article “Turkish-American Relations and the Armenian Issue”. In the article entitled “Terrorism and Asymmetric Threat: Activities against Turkey, from the Beginning of the 20th Century to the Present”, Assoc. Prof. Sadi Çaycı focuses on the Armenian rebellions and the terrorist activities waged by both the Armenians and the PKK that were directed against Turkey and the Turks. The author sheds light on the cause and consequences of the Armenian rebellions of 1915, and also sets forth that between 1975-1984 Armenians and pro-Armenians used terrorism as a means to publicize their claims of an Armenian genocide. Review of Armenian Studies 5 No. 18, 2008 Furthermore, the article discusses the strategic and political objectives of the PKK and the means employed to this end. In this context it is maintained that Turkey did not receive the necessary international support to counter PKK terrorism. The author emphasizes the importance of actively engaging in international cooperation to combat terrorism. The sixth and last of a series of articles “The Establishment and Activities of the Eastern Legion in French Archival Documents (November 1918-1921)”, written by Mustafa Serdar Palabıyık, examines
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