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The Annual of the British School at Athens Damophon of Messene.—II The Annual of the British School at Athens http://journals.cambridge.org/ATH Additional services for The Annual of the British School at Athens: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Damophon of Messene.—II Guy Dickins The Annual of the British School at Athens / Volume 13 / January 1907, pp 357 - 404 DOI: 10.1017/S0068245400002999, Published online: 18 October 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0068245400002999 How to cite this article: Guy Dickins (1907). Damophon of Messene.—II. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 13, pp 357-404 doi:10.1017/S0068245400002999 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/ATH, IP address: 129.78.139.28 on 09 Jun 2015 DAMOPHON OF MESSENE.—II. (PLATES XII—XIV.) § i.—THE RESTORATION OF THE GROUP AT LYCOSURA. OUR information as to Damophon's work at Lycosura is derived partly from Pausanias, and partly from the actual remains of the group. All the existing fragments have now been collected together in the newly- erected museum at Lycosura, and the gratitude of archaeologists is due to the Greek Archaeological Society, and to Dr. Kavvadias, the Ephor- General of Antiquities, for the opportunity thus afforded of seeing all the fragments together under one roof. During the last summer M. Kaloudes has added to his many services in the cause of Greek archaeology the partial restoration of two of the colossal members of the group, under the direction of Dr. Kourouniotis, Ephor of Antiquities for the Western Peloponnese. I am personally indebted to the Greek authorities for the opportunity of studying the fragments before, during, and since this restoration, and of publishing the results of my observations. The conclusions are in many cases the result of the suggestions of Dr. Kourouniotis, whom I have to thank most heartily for the loan of most of the photographs illustrating this article, and also for the whole section dealing with the technical construction of the group. The drawing in which our ideas are embodied is the work of Mr. Ogilvie of Cairo, who spent ten days with me in Lycosura this autumn for the purpose of making it. From Pausanias2 we gather that four figures were represented : 1 viii. 37. 3-6 Otusv 5t aiira TO ayd.\paTa, AeVn-oira Kal r) Arj^Trjp re «a! 0 Bpovos (v $ Ka.8t£ovTat, /col T?> vxodijpa rh i/wb TOLS itoaiv etrriv evbs biioiws Aiflotr KQ.\ OUT* T&V itr\ TT] eaOrjTt t>ire birocra 358 G. DICKINS Demeter and Despoina seated in the centre on a large throne, while Artemis stood on Demeter's right hand, and Anytos on Despoina's left. The same writer further states that Artemis held a torch in her right hand and two snakes in her left, that she was clad in a deerskin and had a quiver on her shoulder, and finally that a hunting dog was lying at her feet. Demeter, he continues, held a torch in her right hand, and laid her left upon Despoina ; the latter held the sacred basket on her lap with her right hand and a sceptre in her left. The group was completed by Anytos, the Titan, in the guise of a warrior. Demeter, Despoina, their throne and their footstool were all carved out of a single block of marble. Under the images were represented the Kouretes, and the Korybantes in relief upon the pedestal (Plate XII). Although in such a fantastic detail as the legend of a single block of marble,1 it does not take more than a glance at the remains to see the error of Pausanias, we have no reason to doubt his statements as to the position and attributes of the statues, which must be taken as the basis of any restoration. We are presented with three factors in the group: on the left (adopting the spectator's point of view) a statue of Artemis, in the centre the two great goddesses seated on a single throne with a footstool under their feet, and on the right a statue of Anytos. In commencing our restoration it is first essential to consider the eipyaaTai wapa. tbv Bpovov oiiStv icrriv erepo.v \i$ov irpofftx** atSypy Kal K6\\TJ, dAAa T<Z tiavra iarlv eTs KiQos. OVTOS OVK iffeKo^Ladtj atpioiv o'Aidos, ctWa Kara utytv ovetparos heyovaiv avrbv i£(vpe7i> ivrbs TOV irepifioKov T^V yrjv opv^avres. TW Si ayaKiiarav iarlv eKarcpou piytdds Kara T!> 'Adrjpyfftv fi^aAjua fxaAuTTa rrjs Mr/rp6s' Aafiocpuvros 8e Kal Tai/Ta %pya. T) fxkv oiv Arj^i^Trjp 5^8o iv Sejioi (ptpfi, TV Se krepav xe'P« imf!4fi\riKfv €T! T7jv Atmaivar ^ Se Aernroiva am)Trrp6v TC sal (TV) Ka\ovfi4fTiv xiffTnv e'irl TOIS yivaaiv ?xel- T?s ^f excrai TJ) S«|i^ (T^S K/<TTJJS). TO5 dpdvov 5e eKartpwdev "Aprepis jnev -napa TV Arj^TjTpa effTrj/cec afivexof-^vri Sfp/xa 4\atpov xal eVi TUJJ/ &nuv (papeTpav ixovffa, ev 5e TOIS X^P^ TV M^y ha^nrdSa ?x€f» rV $* SpaKOVTas 5uo. trapb. 5f T7}v"ApTe^ti' KaTarceLTaL KVOIV, oiat dijpeueiv el<r\v 4ntTT)5etoi. irphs Se TTJS Aeairoivqs TQ aydApctTi f<ny}Kev "AVVTOS (TXVh0" wTAiff^ieVou vapexouepos' <paal Se oi nepl rb lepbv rpatpijvai TT)V Atffiroivav vtrb TOV 'AVVTOV, Kal elpat TWV Tiravwv KaAovpevcov KUL TbvlfAvvTov. Ttravas St irpunos is noiT)ffLV t<T7}yayev"Op.7)pos, Bsovs sivai ff(pas vtrb T<# KaAov/xtvtp Taprdptfi- teal tanv 4i/ "Hpas opKtp ra tin], irapa Se 'Ofiripov 'OvofMaxptTos TTapakafHiv TWV TtTavwy rb tivofxa Aiovvtrcp re GVV*8T}K*V opyia, Kal eT^oi TOVS Tnavas T(f> Aiovi<r<f Tap TraBrifiaTuv i-noiriaei' aiirovpyovs. TO fiiv Sf) 4s -rbv "AVVTOV Snrb 'ApKaSwv \4yerar A-q/xriTpos Se "Apre/xtv Buyarepa elval Kal ov ArjTovs. ovra AtyvnTiwv rbv \6yov Alffx^Aos t8Ifia£ev Eixpwpiwvos rovs' EWi]vas. Ta 5e es KovpijTas, OUTOI yap virb TWV ayahf^aruv TTi-not7)VTai, Kal TOC es Kopv/Savras iirftpya<Tf/.4vovs inl rod fiddpouy yivos Se o'/5e aKKotov Kal ov KovprjTes, Ta is TOVTOVS TTapL7]fJ.l 4irttTTOLfJ.€fOS. 1 Cf. also Pliny, Nat. Hist, xxxvi. 37, for a similar story with regard to the Laocoon. The fable is also related of the Farnese bull. DAMOPHON OF MESSENE.—II. 359 pedestal or basis as it exists at present in the temple of Lycosura. Fig. i gives a plan of this basis. It is shaped like the top of a T with the vertical shaft measuring 3-85 m. in width, and 1-26 m. in height, from front to back, and the horizontal wings 2-275 m. by 2-40 m. The total width at the back is 8-40 m. These measurements refer to the foundation course on which the moulded pedestal stands.1 The mouldings are shown in B.S.A. xii. p. 119, Fig. 7. The total height of the basis as at present existing is 1-42 m. It is constructed of a core of roughly hewn reddish blocks with a good limestone facing all the way round. The top surface is much damaged (cf. Fig. 1, and the illustrations in B.S.A. xii. p. 112, Figs. 1 and 2), but the highest slabs remaining of the core are flush with the top sill-course of the limestone facing. FIG. I.—PLAN OF BASE OF STATUES IN TEMPLE AT LYCOSURA. (SCALE I : 100.) The top of this pedestal can hardly have been the actual surface on which the statues stood: in the case of the seated figures the throne and footstool would conceal the rough stones, but the side-figures would stand on a parti-coloured base, and even if they were provided with square plinths of their own, the red stone would still appear between them and the central group. Moreover, if the throne rested directly on the present surface, one would expect large dowel-holes for fixing it, but no signs of holes or insets appear on the actual preserved surface. We may therefore take it for granted that a thin marble or limestone slab extended all over the basis and served as the plinth of the statues. Its convenient shape 1 The top of the existing basis is set back about 'l8 m. from the outside of the base course. The top of the restored plinth would be set back about '25 m., so that the total width of the top of the back would only be about 7-90 111. 360 G. DICKINS would account for its disappearance, but just at the back of the temple is still to be found a fragment of a gcod limestone slab which may have formed part of it. In the restoration we have given this slab a thickness of 08 m. We have no definite evidence for the width of the throne or for its depth from back to front. The shape of the basis, however, shews that the central projection was intended for the feet and footstool of the seated figures, and so it is natural to construct the throne as rather wider than the upper surface of this projection. A width of 3-85 m. provides comfortable accommodation for the sitting figures, while leaving a proportionate space for Artemis and Anytos. As to the depth of the throne, we have made a line, drawn through the centre of the back part of the basis from left to right, pass through the centre of all the four figures, and have regu- lated the position of the throne and of the footstool to suit the two goddesses seated in that position.
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