Introduction
Introduction The H"’ Cen, A.D, was the most progressive time in Persian science, culture, art, literature and philosophy; and it too can be held as the glorious period of the world. Some of the great rulers such as Samanides, Khwarezmids, Ma’munids, Bavandies, al-e-Ziar, al-e-Buye and Deyalamides, etc., were governing over the Persian land for a long time, and during their regimes all the scientists, writers, poets, artists and philosophers were encouraged.' Two hundred years after the scholars like Biruni (973-1048 A.D.), Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980-1037 A.D.), Ferdowsi (940-1020 A.D.) Khayyam (1048-1122 A.D.), Ghazzali (1058-1111 A.D.), and Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201- 1274 A.D.), were settled in the European Universities such as Paris, Oxford and Cambridge (1800-1828 A.D.). And works of the above mentioned scholars were translated from Persian into Latin, and used by European scholars. Therefore, the historians and orientalists enumerated and illustrated the effects of these scientists and re-published their works, and evaluated them in an appropriate way.^ All significant personalities of this period had lot of researches in different subjects. Among these scholars, this thesis concentrates only on Biruni and his comparative method used for philosophisation, which is significant for research, especially for studying different ancient Indian philosophical traditions and various sects of them. Biruni (973-1048A.D.) can be claimed as one of the most outstanding figure in the history of science, philosophy and comparative religions of the entire worlds. He seems to be the pioneer in various fields of sciences such as mathematic, astrology, physics, pharmacology, mineralogy, etc., and also historiography, anthropology and linguistics.
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