DOCSLIB.ORG

2007 EISA Annual Report 2007 69 70 EISA Annual Report 2007

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2007 EISA Annual Report 2007 69 70 EISA Annual Report 2007 EISA Annual Report 2007 DESIGN AND PRINTING: WWW.INTOTHELIMELIGHT.CO.ZA Table of Contents About EISA 1 Board of Directors 2 Chairperson’s Message 3 Executive Director’s Report 5 Research Department 9 Publications and Library 15 Governance Department 17 African Peer Review Mechanism Unit 19 Local Governance Programme Unit 22 Political Parties Unit 26 Legislative Strengthening Unit 29 Balloting and Electoral Services 31 Elections and Political Processes 37 Information and Communication Technology 43 Field Offices 47 Democratic Republic of Congo 48 Madagascar 52 Mozambique 58 Finance and Administration 63 Staff Members 67 EISA Donors 68 EISA Annual Report 2007 i ii EISA Annual Report 2007 about eisa About EISA Our Vision An African continent where democratic governance, human rights and citizen participation are upheld in a peaceful environment. Our Mission Strengthening electoral processes, good governance, human rights and democratic values through research, capacity building, advocacy and other targeted interventions. Type of Organisation Independent, non-profit and non-governmental organisation whose focus is elections, democ- racy and governance in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the rest of the African continent. Date of Establishment July 1996 Our Partners Electoral Management Bodies, political parties, civil society organisations, local government structures, parliaments, relevant governmental departments and donors. Our Approach Through innovative and trust-based partnerships throughout the SADC region and beyond, EISA engages in mutually beneficial capacity reinforcement activities aimed at enhancing all partners’ interventions in the areas of elections, democracy and governance. Our Structure EISA consists of a Board of Directors comprised of important stakeholders in the SADC region and beyond. It provides strategic leadership and upholds financial accountability. EISA has as its patron Sir Ketumile Masire, the former President of Botswana. The Executive Director is supported by a Finance and Administration Department and an Information and Communication Technology Unit with several focused programmes: • Elections and Political Processes (EPP) • Balloting and Electoral Services (BES) • Research, Publications and Information • Local Governance • Political Party Strengthening • Legislative Programme • African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) EISA operates with a core staff drawn from the African continent. The organisation contracts re- gional, continental and international democracy and governance experts to support its activities. EISA Annual Report 2007 1 Board of Directors Justice Anastazia Msosa Leshele Thoahlane Prof Jorgen Elklit Justice Lewis Makame Dren Nupen Prof Peter H Katjavivi Dr Gloria Somolekae Steve Godfrey Ilona Tip Denis Kadima 2 EISA Annual Report 2007 about eisa Chairperson’s Message 2007 marked EISA’s first year in its second decade of existence. The year was marked by two important initiatives. Firstly, an in- depth due diligence exercise was under- taken with a view to ascertaining whether the organisation’s vision and mission were relevant to the fast-changing needs of the African continent; its goals and objectives effectively and efficiently pursued; its con- trol systems sufficiently strong, and a ca- 31 December 2007 pacity assessment of EISA was externally Mr A.L Thoahlane, conducted. Secondly, EISA embarked on EISA Board Chairperson strategic re-orientation of its overall vision, mission, goals and objectives in order to align its programming to current global and continental changes in the democracy and governance field. The in-depth due diligence exercise reas- the updating of financial policies, the adop- sured the Board, management and other tion of an ethics policy providing a code staff members that EISA continued to make of conduct on matters including conflicts a valuable contribution to the building of of interest, the adoption of the EISA Board sustainable democracies in Africa. It also charter which includes matters pertaining to highlighted the need for the organisation to the Board’s renewal and the introduction of align itself with many of the requirements of an internal audit function. good corporate governance, which were de- veloped and adopted long after EISA’s es- The beginning of EISA’s second decade of tablishment. The initiative noted that control existence also offered the opportunity for systems were strictly adhered to at the EISA the organisation to review its strategic direc- head office in Johannesburg and all its field tion. This effort involved the Board and staff offices, with the exception of the Angola and led to a number of strategic decisions field office. Multifaceted corrective measures on the organisation’s new vision, new mis- were undertaken, including the strengthen- sion, strategic goals and strategic objec- ing of EISA’s financial policies and controls, tives. As a result of this inclusive strategic staff training and legal and disciplinary ac- re-orientation process, EISA has adopted a tions, where needed. new vision and a new mission as follows: EISA has since developed a plan of action Vision: “An African continent where demo- which provides a roadmap for the reinforce- cratic governance, human rights and citizen ment of various work areas. These work participation are upheld in a peaceful envi- areas include new procurement procedures, ronment.” EISA Annual Report 2007 3 Chairperson’s Message cont. Mission: “EISA strives for excellence in the The second strategic goal is to consolidate promotion of credible elections, participatory EISA’s authority and credibility, in order to democracy, a human-rights culture, and the provide sustained leadership in the democ- strengthening of governance institutions for racy and governance sector in Africa. The the consolidation of democracy in Africa.” two strategic objectives directly related to this strategic goal are: New strategic goals and objectives have also been adopted and approved by the Board. • To create a culture of excellence that leads to consistently high quality The first strategic goal is to strengthen gov- products and services; and ernance processes and representative in- • To position EISA as a leader that stitutions in order to entrench participatory consistently influences policy and democracy. This strategic goal is supported practice in the sector. by the following strategic objectives: We are grateful to our donors and partners • To enhance electoral processes to for their support over this year and look ensure their inclusiveness and legiti- forward to deepening our collaboration in macy; 2008 and beyond. • To promote effective citizen partici- pation in democratic processes to Next year the Board will support the execu- strengthen institutional accountability tive director, management and staff’s efforts and responsiveness; to develop a 2008-2011 work plan on the basis of the strategic directions adopted this • To strengthen governance institutions year. We have no doubt that these impor- to ensure effective, accessible and tant choices will ensure that EISA continues sustainable democratic processes; to play a relevant and leading role in the and democracy and governance field in Africa. • To promote principles, values and practices that lead to a culture of democracy and human rights. 4 EISA Annual Report 2007 Executive Director’s Report In 2007 EISA reviewed its strategic direction, took bold steps towards the further strengthening of its internal control systems and ensured the successful implementation of its programmes in support of democracy and governance on the African continent. Through a participative process led by the EISA Board of Directors, the organisation has adopted 31 December 2007 a new vision and a new mission. As part of this Denis K. Kadima, institutional re-orientation, the organisation has EISA Executive Director also re-defined its strategic goals and objectives for the period between 2008 and 2011. This new strategic direction is well captured in the Chairperson’s message in this annual report. EISA conducted a due diligence exercise which a substantial contribution in a variety of areas, reassured the organisation that our internal as described in their respective sections of this control systems were in place but needed to annual report. be further strengthened, taking into account the The organisation has contributed to the existing realities of some of the countries we work in, knowledge base on democracy and governance especially those where a cash economy prevails. in Africa through research, capacity building, Learning lessons from the Angola office which publications, policy dialogue, networking, and showed weaknesses in adhering to some of information resources in support of current the organisation’s financial requirements, EISA developments towards the institutionalisation reinforced its financial policies and control of democracy. EISA’s programming in 2007 systems. has evolved around its pilot work in the area Accordingly, EISA has adopted a number of parliamentary-civil society engagement, civil of actions based on the lessons of the due society engagement in the African Peer Review diligence exercise. These include developing Mechanism (APRM), citizen participation in local an ethics policy to regulate the conduct of governance, political party development and employees and address conflicts of interest; electoral assistance. taking steps to finalise a proactive approach to EISA has been facilitating the process
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Macro Report Version 2002-10-23
    Prepared by: Institute of Social and Political Opinion Research (ISPO), KULeuven, Belgium Date: 15/01/2005 Comparative Study of Electoral Systems Module 2: Macro Report Version 2002-10-23 Country (Date of Election): Belgium 13 June 2003 NOTE TO THE COLLABORATORS: The information provided in this report contributes to an important part of the CSES project- your efforts in providing these data are greatly appreciated! Any supplementary documents that you can provide (i.e. electoral legislation, party manifestos, electoral commission reports, media reports) are also appreciated, and will be made available with this report to the CSES community on the CSES web page. Part I: Data Pertinent to the Election at which the Module was Administered 1. Report the number of portfolios (cabinet posts) held by each party in cabinet, prior to the most recent election. (If one party holds all cabinet posts, simply write "all".) Name of Political Party Number of Portfolios VLD 4 SP.a 3 Agalev 2 PS 3 MR 3 Ecolo 2 1a. What was the size of the cabinet before the election?………17…………………………… 2. Report the number of portfolios (cabinet posts) held by each party in cabinet, after the most recent election. (If one party holds all cabinet posts, simply write "all"). Name of Political Party Number of Portfolios VLD 5 SP.a 5 Spirit 1 PS 5 MR 4 FDF 1 2a. What was the size of the cabinet after the election? ……20……………………………… 2Comparative Study of Electoral Systems Module 2: Macro Report 3. Political Parties (most active during the election in which the module was administered and receiving at least 3% of the vote): Party Name/Label Year Party Ideological European Parliament International Party Founded Family Political Group Organizational Memberships (where applicable) A.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the Federal Election Commission in Re
    BEFORE THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION IN RE: CHRISTOPHER VAN HOLLEN, JR., DEMOCRACY 21, THE CAMPAIGN LEGAL CENTER, MUR 7024 I Respondents. RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS DEMOCRACY 21 AND THE CAMPAIGN LEGAL CENTER Christopher E. Babbitt Adam Raviv Kurt G. Kastorf Arpit K. Garg* Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP 1875 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20006 Tel: (202) 663-6000 Fax: (202) 663-6363 Attorneys for Democracy 21 and The Campaign Legal Center * Admitted to practice only in New York. Supervised by members of the firm who are members of the District of Columbia bar. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT 3 ARGUMENT , 5 I. DEMOCRACY 21 AND CLC'S PRO BONO LEGAL SERVICES WERE NOT A "CONTRIBUTION" AS DEFINED UNDER § 8(A)(I) OF FECA 5 A. Structural Challenges To Generally Applicable Campaign Finance Laws And FEC Regulations Are Not "For the Purpose Of Influencing" Federal Elections 5 B. Neither Democracy 21 Nor CLC Provided Legal Services For The Purpose Of ®4 Influencing Van Hollen's Election 8 4 1. Neither Democracy 21 nor CLC undertook activities involving express § advocacy or solicitation intended to influence Van Hollen's election 9 2. The "totality of the circumstances" does not compel a different result 9 3. The litigation and rulemaking have a "significant non-election related" aspect 13 C. Cause of Action's Theory of Indirect Benefit is Both Incorrect And Disruptive.. 14 1. • The FEC has already rejected Cause of Action's indirect, reputation-based argument 14 2. Van Hollen's standing allegations do not change this analysis 16 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Head of State Selection Process: Graphic Illustration
    Head of State selection process: Graphic Illustration Explanation • Indirect election (assembly): The head of state is elected by members of the assembly. In some cases, a supermajority is absolutely required (e.g. Ethiopia); in all other cases a majority is sufficient in the final round. In Lebanon, a supermajority minimum turnout is required, which means the minority can veto by staying away from the vote. • Indirect election (assembly + regional/local representatives): The head of state is elected by the combination of assembly members and local and/or federal unit assemblies or their delegates. • Direct election (alternative vote): Voters have ranked ballot. If no candidate has more than half of first-preference votes, the lowest-voted candidate is eliminated and has votes redistributed according to preferences expressed on ballots. This is repeated until some candidate has a majority (50%+1) of the votes, and that candidate is elected. • Direct election (majority runoff): The head of state is directly elected. A candidate with a majority (50%+1) in the first round is elected; if no candidate receives a majority of votes in the first round, a decisive second round is held between first- and second-placed candidates. • Direct election (plurality): The head of state is directly elected; the candidate with most votes is elected. This includes countries with ‘fused’ legislative-executive elections where the leader of the party with the most votes, sometimes subject to two rounds, becomes president (e.g. Angola). • Direct election (modified two-round): The head of state is directly elected. A candidate with a predefined proportion of the vote (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reappraisal of the Seventeenth Amendment, 1890-1913
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons CUREJ - College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal College of Arts and Sciences 3-30-2009 The Rapid Sequence of Events Forcing the Senate's Hand: A Reappraisal of the Seventeenth Amendment, 1890-1913 Joseph S. Friedman University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej Recommended Citation Friedman, Joseph S., "The Rapid Sequence of Events Forcing the Senate's Hand: A Reappraisal of the Seventeenth Amendment, 1890-1913" 30 March 2009. CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal, University of Pennsylvania, https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/93. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/93 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Rapid Sequence of Events Forcing the Senate's Hand: A Reappraisal of the Seventeenth Amendment, 1890-1913 Abstract For over 125 years, from the ratification of the Constitution ot the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, the voting public did not elect U.S. senators. Instead, as a result of careful planning by the Founding Fathers, state legislatures alone possessed the authority to elect two senators to represent their respective interests in Washington. It did not take long for second and third generation Americans to question the legitimacy of this process. To many observers, the system was in dire need of reform, but the stimulus for a popular elections amendment was controversial and not inevitable. This essay examines why reform came in 1911 with the Senate’s unexpected passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, which was ratified twenty-four months later in the first year of Woodrow Wilson’s presidency.
    [Show full text]
  • Electoral College
    The Electoral College Members of the Constitutional Convention explored many possible methods of choosing a president. One suggestion was to have the Congress choose the president. A second suggestion was to have the State Legislatures select the president. A third suggestion was to elect the president by a direct popular vote. The first suggestion was voted down due to suspicion of corruption, fears of irrevocably dividing the Congress and concerns of upsetting the balance of power between the executive and the legislative branches. The second idea was voted down because the Framers felt that federal authority would be compromised in exchange for votes. And the third idea was rejected out of concern that the voters would only select candidates from their state without adequate information about candidates outside of the state. The prevailing suggestion was to have a College of Electors select a president through an indirect election. The Facts: The Electoral College is comprised of 538 electors Each state is allotted a number of electors equal to the number of its U.S. Representatives plus its two senators (Washington, D.C. has three electors) The political parties of each state submit a list of individuals pledged to their candidates for president that is equal in number to the number of electoral votes for the state to the State’s chief election official Whichever presidential candidate gets the most popular votes in a State wins all of the Electors (known as “winner takes all”) for that state except for the states of Maine and Nebraska which award electoral votes proportionately Electors are not required to vote for the candidate they pledged to vote for Changing the system would require amending the Constitution Assignment: Use the information provided in addition to your knowledge to write a persuasive essay in which you argue whether the Electoral College is the best method of electing a President.
    [Show full text]
  • Macro Report Iceland
    Prepared by: Eva Heiða Önnudóttir and Katrín B. Guðjónsdóttir Date: March 2011 Comparative Candidate Survey Macro Questionnaire Draft January 25, 2007 Country: Iceland Date of Election: April 25, 2009 NOTE TO COLLABORATORS: The information provided in this report contributes to an important part of the CCS project. Your efforts in providing these data are greatly appreciated! Any supplementary documents that you can provide (e.g., electoral legislation, party manifestos, electoral commission reports, media reports) are also appreciated, and may be made available on the CCS website. Part I: Data Pertinent to the Election at which the CCS was Administered (taken from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, version: Module 2, August 23, 2004) 1. Report the number of portfolios (cabinet posts) held by each party in cabinet, prior to the most recent election. (If one party holds all cabinet posts, simply write "all".) Name of Political Party Number of Portfolios Elections 2007 – February 1, 2009: Social Democratic Alliance 6 Independence Party 6 February 1 – May 10 (minority coalition): Social Democratic Alliance 5 Left Green Movement 5 Not affiliated with a party (not MPs) 2 1 1a. What was the size of the cabinet before the election? 12 cabinets ministers 2. Report the number of portfolios (cabinet posts) held by each party in cabinet, after the most recent election. (If one party holds all cabinet posts, simply write "all"). Name of Political Party Number of Portfolios Social Democratic Alliance 5 Left Green Movement 5 Not affiliated with a party (not MPs) 2 2a. What was the size of the cabinet after the election? 12 cabinets ministers 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Accountable/ Answerable/ Responsible/ Helpful
    T.Y.B.A Pol. Science . (Electoral politics in India) Sem IX Media and Electoral processes. 1. Computerised analysis of voting patterns is known as....................... (Exist poll/ Psephology/ statistics of elections/ election manifesto) 2) In present time --------- media is extensively used by political party’ to attract youth a) print media, b) Social media, c)Radio, d) electronic media 3.................. of whole election process is additional safeguard. (Security/ review/ check/ study) 4. The media should be ................... to the system and to the masses at large. (Accountable/ answerable/ responsible/ helpful) 5.................. of whole election process is additional safeguard. (Security/ review/ check/ study) 6............... are those articles or news appearing in any media for a price in cash or kind as consideration. (Paid news/ paid content/ paid matter/ fake news) 7 ................ is done by political parties during the time of election. (Campaigning/socialisation/ awareness/ participation) 8. ............. to media is harmful, a degree of regulation is required. (Absolute freedom/substantial control/ liberty/restriction) 9.................. can be considered of subtitle to people’s voice (Media/ complaining/Public opinion/ rally) 10. Election commissioner is appointed for .................. years. (Five/ six/ seven/ eight) 47. Election commissioner is appointed for .................. years. (Five/ six/ seven/ eight) 11.................. of whole election process is additional safeguard. (Security/ review/ check/ study) 12.Opinion polls of large-scale samples conducted after the....year.(1970/1980/1990/2000) 13.................. play an indispensable role in the proper functioning of democracy. (Leader/ Pressure group/ media/ Strong Bureaucracy) 14. Chief election officers allowed to do.........of paid news. (review/scrutiny/monitoring/action) 15. Political campaigning done by..........(N.G.O.
    [Show full text]
  • The Electoral College Every Four Years, the American Voters Cast Their Ballots for President
    The Electoral College Every four years, the American voters cast their ballots for president. This is known as the popular vote. When the voters mark their ballots for the candidate of their choice, they are also selecting a group of people called electors. These electors are pledged to that candidate. It is the electors who pick the next president. This is known as the electoral vote. This process is set forth in Article 2, Section 1, Clause 2 and Clause 3 of the United States Constitution which states, “Clause 2: Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. Clause 3: The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President…” The writers of the Constitution chose this method for several reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconsidering the Indirect Elections for the Head of Region, Response Towards the Current Direct Democration Mechanism System in Indonesia
    Asian Social Science; Vol. 8, No. 13; 2012 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Reconsidering the Indirect Elections for the Head of Region, Response towards the Current Direct Democration Mechanism System in Indonesia Muhadam Labolo1 & Muhammad Afif Hamka2 1 Institute of Governmental Affairs (Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri), Indonesia 2 School of Social, Development and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia Correspondence: Muhammad Afif Hamka, School of Social, Development and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 2, 2012 Accepted: July 6, 2012 Online Published: September 27, 2012 doi:10.5539/ass.v8n13p1 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n13p1 Abstract Local elections are part of the framework of the mechanisms of democracy in Indonesia. In its essence, the purpose of direct democracy through the election mechanism is an open access to the widest possible public participation in determining the government leaders. Direct election is a mechanism that allows the conscious involvement of the people to choose their leaders, as practiced in Polis, Athens. This is what is called as political participation, the involvement of every citizen in the political process. Since the enactment of the 2005 elections in Indonesia, a number of issues emerged as the implications of the election in achieving the initial objectives. At the operational level, on Field survey there are problems in the aspects of voter registration, registration and establishment of regional head and deputy regional head, campaigning, voting and counting, as well as the establishment and ratification of the selected candidates.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Uzbekistan
    Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 27 December 2009 OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report Warsaw 7 April 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... 2 III. BACKGROUND AND POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT....................................................................... 3 IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................................................... 5 V. ELECTION ADMINISTRATION .......................................................................................................... 8 VI. VOTER REGISTRATION AND VOTER LISTS ................................................................................. 9 VII. CANDIDATE NOMINATION AND REGISTRATION......................................................................10 VIII. ELECTION CAMPAIGN .......................................................................................................................12 IX. MEDIA......................................................................................................................................................13 A. MEDIA ENVIRONMENT ..........................................................................................................................13 B. LEGAL
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Conflict Elections”
    POST-CONFLICT ELECTION TIMING PROJECT† ELECTION SOURCEBOOK Dawn Brancati Washington University in St. Louis Jack L. Snyder Columbia University †Data are used in: “Time To Kill: The Impact of Election Timing on Post-Conflict Stability”; “Rushing to the Polls: The Causes of Early Post-conflict Elections” 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. ELECTION CODING RULES 01 II. ELECTION DATA RELIABILITY NOTES 04 III. NATIONAL ELECTION CODING SOURCES 05 IV. SUBNATIONAL ELECTION CODING SOURCES 59 Alternative End Dates 103 References 107 3 ELECTION CODING RULES ALL ELECTIONS (1) Countries for which the civil war has resulted into two or more states that do not participate in joint elections are excluded. A country is considered a state when two major powers recognize it. Major powers are those countries that have a veto power on the Security Council: China, France, USSR/Russia, United Kingdom and the United States. As a result, the following countries, which experienced civil wars, are excluded from the analysis [The separate, internationally recognized states resulting from the war are in brackets]: • Cameroon (1960-1961) [France and French Cameroon]: British Cameroon gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1961, after the French controlled areas in 1960. • China (1946-1949): [People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan)] At the time, Taiwan was recognized by at least two major powers: United States (until the 1970s) and United Kingdom (until 1950), as was China. • Ethiopia (1974-1991) [Ethiopia and Eritrea] • France (1960-1961) [France
    [Show full text]
  • Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections
    Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections July 30, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46858 Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 European Elections in 2021 ............................................................................................................. 2 European Parliamentary and Presidential Elections ........................................................................ 3 Figures Figure 1. European Elections Scheduled for 2021 .......................................................................... 3 Tables Table 1. European Parliamentary and Presidential Elections .......................................................... 3 Contacts Author Information .......................................................................................................................... 6 Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections Introduction This report provides a map of parliamentary and presidential elections that have been held or are scheduled to hold at the national level in Europe in 2021, and a table of recent and upcoming parliamentary and presidential elections at the national level in Europe. It includes dates for direct elections only, and excludes indirect elections.1 Europe is defined in this product as the fifty countries under the portfolio of the U.S. Department
    [Show full text]