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Bivalvia (Mollusca) Do Pliocénico De Vale De Freixo (Pombal)

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Bivalvia (Mollusca) Do Pliocénico De Vale De Freixo (Pombal) Ricardo Jorge da Conceição Henriques Pimentel Licenciatura em Geologia Bivalvia (Mollusca) do Pliocénico de Vale de Freixo (Pombal) Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Paleontologia Orientador: Doutor Pedro Miguel Callapez Tonicher, Prof. Auxiliar, FCTUC Coorientador: Doutor Paulo Alexandre Legoinha, Prof. Auxiliar, FCT-UNL Presidente: Doutor Fernando Henrique da Silva Reboredo, Prof. Auxiliar c/ Agregação, FCT-UNL Arguente: Doutor José Manuel de Maraes Vale Brandão, Investigador Integrado, FCSH-UNL Vogal: Doutor Pedro Miguel Callapez Tonicher, Prof. Auxiliar, FCTUC Julho de 2018 2018 Ricardo Jorge da Conceição Henriques Pimentel Licenciatura em Geologia Bivalvia (Mollusca) do Pliocénico de Vale de Freixo (Pombal) Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Paleontologia Orientador Doutor Pedro Miguel Callapez Tonicher, Prof. Auxiliar, FCTUC Coorientador Doutor Paulo Alexandre Legoinha, Prof. Auxiliar, FCT- UNL Júri Presidente: Doutor Fernando Henrique da Silva Reboredo, Prof. Auxiliar c/ Agregação, FCT-UNL Arguente: Doutor José Manuel de Maraes Vale Brandão, Investigador Integrado, FCSH-UNL Vogal: Doutor Pedro Miguel Callapez Tonicher, Prof. Auxiliar, FCTUC Julho de 2018 Bivalvia (Mollusca) do Pliocénico de Vale de Freixo (Pombal) Copyright 2018 ©Ricardo Jorge da Conceição Henriques Pimentel, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. A Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia e a Universidade Nova de Lisboa têm o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicar esta dissertação através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, e de a divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objetivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor. DEDICATÓRIA À minha Mãe, Maria Fernanda e ao meu Pai, Carlos Manuel. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço: à Carla a presença, paciência, sacrifício pessoal e apoio incondicional nas incontáveis horas de trabalho de campo, secretária, laboratório e fotografia; ao meu Amigo Pedro pelo encorajamento, portas abertas para os seus livros, material de estudo e pelo entusiasmo contagiante pela História Natural; aos Professores Doutores Pedro Callapez e Paulo Legoinha a disponibilidade e sapiência, com que me honraram, orientando e proporcionando bons ventos para que as minhas imperfeições, erros e omissões pudessem ser transpostos; à Direção e demais colegas da instituição onde leciono cuja boa vontade foi importante para o bom termo deste trabalho; aos professores e colegas do biénio letivo 2016-2018, a compartilha de conhecimento; aos proprietários do local onde se situa a jazida pela facilidade de acesso concedida. RESUMO Durante o Pliocénico, as oscilações eustáticas no domínio atlântico terão sido responsáveis por vários episódios transgressivos na costa portuguesa, dos quais o mais significativo ocorreu durante o Placenciano e afetou, sobretudo, a Bacia do Mondego e a região de entre a Nazaré e as Caldas da Rainha. O registo estratigráfico correspondente é essencialmente arenoso, iniciando-se localmente com fácies conglomeráticas ricas de conchas marinhas, propiciando um conjunto de jazidas, das quais as das imediações de Carnide, no concelho de Pombal, descobertas na década de 1950, são as mais ricas e diversificadas em associações de invertebrados marinhos e foraminíferos (e.g. Carnide de Cima, Igreja de Carnide, Vale da Bouchada, Vale da Cabra e Vale Farpado). Destas, a jazida de Vale de Freixo (Pombal), apresenta uma das sucessões locais mais representativas deste intervalo, tendo a sua fauna de moluscos gastrópodes sido estudada exaustivamente por SILVA (1993, 2001). A associação de foraminíferos das jazidas convizinhas foi estudada por CARVALHO & COLON (1954), MARTINS FERREIRA (1960) e CARDOSO (1984). Os moluscos bivalves foram listados por TEIXEIRA & ZBYSZEWSKY (1951) e ZBYSZEWSKI (1959), mas quer estes, quer os de Vale de Freixo, nunca mereceram uma atualização taxonómica exaustiva. O presente estudo, inserido num projeto mais vasto de inventariação dos moluscos bivalves do Pliocénico português, visa colmatar esta lacuna. Assim, relativamente aos estudos e trabalhos anteriores, o número de espécies de moluscos bivalves reportados para o Pliocénico de Carnide passou de 48 para mais de nove dezenas. Identificámos um total de 86 taxa de BIVALVIA, dos quais 81 a nível específico, distribuídos por 32 famílias e 75 géneros, tendo a sua sistemática sido atualizada de acordo com os trabalhos mais recentes. As famílias mais representadas são: Veneridae (11 espécies), Pectinidae e Tellinidae (oito espécies cada). Constam, desta lista taxonómica, 23 primeiras citações de ocorrência para o registo estratigráfico do Pliocénico de Portugal (Ennucula laevigata, Centrocardita aculeata, Goodallia triangularis, Spaniorinus ambiguus, Diplodonta rotundata, Hiatella rugosa, Phaxas pellucidus, Parvicardium scriptum, Gari tellinella, Bosemprella incarnata, Oudardia compressa, Megaxinus transversus, Loripinus fragilis, Cardilia michelottii, Corbula revoluta, Gouldia minima, Pitar rudis, Limaria loscombi, Gregariella sp., Neopycnodonte cochlear, Heteranomia squamula, Pododesmus squama, Hinnites ercolanianus) e outras 19 são novidade para a sucessão marinha pliocénica de Carnide (Cardita calyculata, Scacchia oblonga, Acanthocardia aculeata, Papillicardium papillosum, Gari depressa, Abra alba, Gastrana fragilis, Peronidia albicans, Chama gryphoides, Lutraria lutraria, Anadara diluvii, Anadara pectinata, Arca tetragona, Lima lima, Modiolus sp., Aequipecten opercularis, Flexopecten flexuosus, Hinnites crispus, Mimachlamys varia). Analisando a repartição vertical da sequência fossilífera de Vale de Freixo (estratos “2” a “4”), verificamos que o estrato 2, de fácies conglomerática, é rico em valvas de espécies bivalves de maior tamanho, as quais tendem a apresentar dimensões próximas entre si, abrasão, bioerosão e epizoários, sugerindo uma seleção por paleocorrentes associada a fraca taxa de deposição. Observa-se, ainda, a sua acumulação preferencial em determinadas áreas, o que poderá ter sido potenciado pelas configurações morfológicas dos fundos marinhos locais e por correntes de vortex. O estado de desarticulação das valvas é generalizado, encontrando-se dispostas preferencialmente com a comissura voltada para baixo, situação de estabilidade que ocorre geralmente sob certas condições de hidrodinamismo mais elevadas. Para o topo do estrato 3 e no estrato 4 as valvas encontram-se frequentemente articuladas, o que, i conjuntamente com a preservação de estruturas delicadas, indica níveis de hidrodinamismo fracos e taxas de deposição mais elevadas. A maior abundância relativa de bivalves endobentónicos suspensívoros, bem como a sua diversidade interespecífica, corrobora, para os estratos 3 e 4, a existência de fundos de substrato móvel, de granulometria fina e bem oxigenados. Bivalves como Spisula subtruncata, Circomphalus foliaceolamellosus, Macomopsis elliptica indicam que a batimetria não ultrapassaria o limite inferior do andar infralitoral. As espécies estenoalinas Lembulus pella e Papilicardium papillosum indicam ambiente francamente marinho. Os bivalves Cardita calyculata, Oudardia compressa, Circomphalus foliaceolamellosus, Tapes vetula, Procardium diluvianum, Europicardium multicostatum, Palliolum excisum ou Cardilia michelottii, que possuem forte afinidade tropical, sugerem paleotemperaturas das águas superficiais oceânicas acima das atuais registadas para a costa ocidental portuguesa. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Bivalvia, Pliocénico, Vale de Freixo (Pombal), Bacia do Mondego. ii ABSTRACT During the Pliocene, several eustatic sea-level changes have occurred on the Atlantic domain that caused recurrent transgression episodes on the Portuguese coast. The most significant of these was Piacenzian in age and flooded several areas of the Mondego Basin and Caldas da Rainha - Nazaré ranges. The correlative stratigraphic record is mostly dominated by siliciclastic sequences of micaceous, fine-grained sands, sometimes with a basal conglomerate bed where highly diverse marine coquina can be present. This allows the occurrence of several interesting fossil sites, of which those discovered in the 1950‟s around Carnide (Pombal) have been known as the richest in marine invertebrate and foraminifera fossil-associations. The foraminifera assemblage was described by CARVALHO & COLON (1954), MARTINS FERREIRA (1960) and CARDOSO (1984). From this setting stand out the Vale de Freixo fossil site, which has exposed one of the best local Pliocene sequences, with a diverse gastropod fauna extensively studied by SILVA (1993, 2001). Concerning the bivalve molluscs, the assemblages found in the nearby fossil sites of Carnide de Cima, Igreja de Carnide, Vale da Cabra, Vale da Bouchada and Vale Farpado were checked by TEIXEIRA & ZBYSZEWSKY (1951) and ZBYSZEWSKI (1959), but they lack a recent taxonomic actualization. Moreover, the correlative assemblage of Vale de Freixo has never been studied with an exhaustive taxonomic actualization. As part of a project of taxonomical review and palaeoecological study of the Pliocene bivalve faunas from Portugal mainland, the present study intends be a contribute to fill that gap. In addition to previous studies, the number of bivalve species reported for the outcrops of Carnide was increased from 48 to more than 90. We also have identified 86 bivalve taxa, including 81 at species level,
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