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Revista Completa En Comercio mayorista de productos pesqueros Consumo de pescado en conserva Logística de grandes volúmenes Mejora de la protección de los consumidores y usuarios Comisiones por el uso de tarjetas de pago ICAN ^^ INSTITUTO DE CALIDAD AGROALIMENTARIA DE NAVARRA DISTINGUIMOS LA CALIDAD SEAN CUALES SEAN TUS GUSTOS, LOS PRODUCTOS NAVARROS TE CONVENCERÁN POR SU SABOR. , ^ f ^ ,, ^,, ^ ^ ^ f tiL Comercialización mayorista de productos pesqueros en España La posición de la Red de Mercas y del resto de canales José Ma Marcos Pujol y Pau Sansa Brinquis Análisis de las principales especies pesqueras comercializadas (111) José Luis Illescas, Olga Bacho y Susana Ferrer 24 Mejora de la protección de los consumidores y usuarios . , Mejillón 34 Análisis de los cambios •. Chirla y almejas 42 introducidos por la nueva ^•..• Pulpo 52 Calamar, calamar europeo Ley 44/2006 ..•. •^.• 1 . .^ • s• . Víctor Manteca Valdelande 122 .^ y chipirón 60 . ° :. _. •-a • . Choco, jibia o sepia 66 . •^ . ; ^• ^ ... Comisiones por el uso de . ^... .. Otros bivalvos 72 . ,^.^ . tarjetas de pago r.r.-e ^^..•••.. •. Análisis del consumo Pedro M. Pascual Femández 132 . .- .• •^ . de pescado en conserva ^ Víctor J. Martín Cerdeño 80 Alimentos de España 1 . Navarra 139 .•1 ^ . ., •• . De vides, vinos, vidueños ., . ,. , y planes estratégicos Distribución y Consumo inicia en este número , , Emilio Barco . 1 . una nueva sección, • _. : ._ ^. _ • bajo el título genérico de Alimentos de . ^^ La guerra de las temperaturas España, que analizará • ^I• , •, ^ Silvia Andrés González-Moralejo 109 la realidad alimentaria de todas las Logística de grandes volúmenes comunidades Sylvia Resa 116 autónomas. ^c.]uGLeLL°l ^ : .. .............................................. : 1 • ^^ . ^^ , ^ . Novedades legislativas 164 Notas de prensa /Noticias 166 . .. :^ :^. ^^•^ Mercados/Literaturas Irina '91SNi:I17P[K.77 :7Ti^?I^^l ^T-^^7 .^.1^.^ Lourdes Borrás Reyes :•^^^;;^ i^.^..i^l^:.^=. 172 • ^^ ^ ^ ^Í Distribución y Consumo en Internet Los últimos números de Distribución y Consumo se pueden consultar íntegros en Internet, en la dirección www.mercasa.es. Nos gustas, Mercabarna. Porque eres el corazón que nutre Barcelona. Porque con tus latidos alimentas a más de 10 millones de personas. Porque tu pulso da vida a 800 empresas del sector agroalimentario. Porque de tu ritmo fluye calidad, seguridad alimentaria, transparencia comercial, innovación, profesionalidad, respeto al medio ambiente... Nos gustas por ser como eres, un mercado mayorista a la medida de Europa. MerCdbarna Centre Directiu, 5a planta, C/ Major,76. Mercabarna. 08040-Barcelona / www.mercabarna.es ^ Oficina de Atención al Comprador / T 93 556 30 00 / 900 900 221 / F 93 335 29 40 / [email protected] mercabarna Comercialización mayorista de productos pesqueros en España La posición de la Red de Mercas y del resto de canales JOSÉ M' MARCOS PUJOL. Gerente. Área de Logística y Distribución Comercial. Instituto Cerdá PAU SANSA BRINQUIS. Director de Proyectos. Área de Logística y Distribución Comercial. Instituto Cerdá a cadena de comercialización de productos pes- queros en España presenta actualmente una com- plejidad superior a la que presentaba años atrás. La aparición y el desarrollo de nuevos agentes en el sector, así como la consiguiente diversificación de los canales de distribución y suministro de productos pesque- ros configuran el escenario actual. De hecho, la cadena de comercialización de productos pesqueros actual y la complejidad de los flujos que en ella intervienen no permiten diferenciar aquello que pueda considerarse "oferta en origen" de aquello que pueda en- tenderse como "oferta en destino", tal y como sucedía años atrás. Ciertamente, el desarrollo en los últimos años de la logística de transporte ha posibilitado un acceso glo- bal a la oferta de producto pesquero, eliminando práctica- mente las limitaciones geográficas y redibujando el papel de la Red de Mercas en la comercialización de productos pesqueros en España. A continuación se presentan las conclusiones más significativas del análisis de aquellos ámbitos que en el marco del presente estudio han permitido caracterizar la cadena de comercialización de productos pesqueros en España: el ámbito portuario, el ámbito aeroportuario, y el ámbito propio de los canales de distribución de pro- ducto pesquero (canal minorista y canal Horeco). Final- mente se presentan las cadenas de comercialización re- sultantes del análisis de estos tres ámbitos diferencia- dos. Distribución y Consumo 5 Marzo-Abril 2007 Comercialización mayorista de productos pesqueros ANÁLISIS DEL ÁMBITO PORTUARIO GRAFICO 1 "Escenario tradicional" en la comercialización de productos pesqueros Los entornos portuarios son enclaves es- tratégicos en la cadena de comercializa- OP.IGEt ^ ción de productos pesqueros en España. -- ------ - - ^ ^rtCw^SA Los puertos pesqueros del territorio na- cional presentan una evolución creciente ^'^ Detallista especializado --- `,^^-^ ,' del tráfico pesquero (especialmente en ^ Horeco - ^ ^ Mayorista I,i^ Mayorista ^^ ^ I ó Lonja producto congelado) y es precisamente exportador ^ de Merca , r ,'^ ^ ^ Distc orgamzada ---------^ c desde los entornos portuarios desde don- ^ i^ ^3 ,^ ' o de los canales de distribución se han di- } . Distribuidor Horeco y^ -^ ^ versificado y siguen diversificándose a Armador día de hoy. Detallista --------- especializado ^-----------------------------------------------------^ Esta diversificación consiste en que (local) aquella oferta de producto pesquero en el Horeco ( local) entorno portuario (oferta en origen) que ^-----------------------------------------------------^ anteriormente se distribuía, a partir de la figura del mayorista exportador (1), prácti- camente de forma unívoca hacia la em- presa mayorista en destino perteneciente a la Red de Mercas (ver Gráfico 1), se es- tá actualmente distribuyendo a través de diferentes canales de comercialización, favoreciendo así la diversificación desde los mismos entornos portuarios. Se tra- ta, en definitiva, de una creciente integra- ción de la cadena de suministro en la co- mercialización de productos pesqueros en España. Actualmente, varios son los agentes que directa (mediante participación en subasta) o indirectamente (a través de la figura del mayorista exportador) acceden a la oferta de producto pesquero de en- tornos portuarios: - Canal detallista especializado (en lonjas (a través de distribuidores) hallar nuevas fórmulas de comercializa- origen y destino) mediante: (destino). ción más directas, eliminando así inter- • Acceso presencial a las lonjas y - Distribución organizada de ámbito mediarios con el objetivo de obtener tam- participación en la subasta (ori- nacional (2). bién márgenes comerciales más eleva- gen). • Acceso a la oferta de entornos por- dos. La búsqueda y el desarrollo de nue- • Comercialización por parte de ma- tuarios a través de mayoristas ex- vas fórmulas de comercialización se en- yoristas exportadores desde las portadores o mediante participa- marcan también en la mencionada diver- lonjas a detallistas instalados en ción en subasta o acuerdos con ar- sificación de los canales de distribución zonas interiores (a través de distri- madores. desde los entornos portuarios y en la ac- buidores o directamente) (destino). - Empresas mayoristas (pertenecien- tual "ebullición" del sector, especialmen- - Canal Horeco (en origen y destino) tes a la Red de Mercas y ajenas a te focalizada en el sector productivo. mediante: ella). Se citan a continuación, a modo de • Acceso presencial a las lonjas y • Comercialización por parte de ma- ejemplo, algunas iniciativas promovidas participación en la subasta (ori- yoristas exportadores a empresas desde el ámbito portuario cuya finalidad gen). mayoristas. es en todos los casos la misma: una co- • Comercialización por parte de ma- Se constata también en el ámbito por- mercialización más directa a eslabones yoristas exportadores desde las tuario la voluntad del sector productivo de de la cadena no inmediatamente poste- Distribución y Consumo 6 Marzo-Abril 2007 Comercialización mayorista de productos pesqueros riores. En algunos casos, incluso se per- sigue una comercialización directa al con- sumidor final. Iniciativa 1: MERCAPESCA es un portal cuya finalidad es la comercialización de producto pesquero mediante la asocia- ción de distintas lonjas nacionales (www.mercapesca.net). Dicho portal pre- tende (todavía no se encuentra totalmen- te operativo) interconectar las subastas de pescado fresco y congelado que tie- nen lugar en las lonjas asociadas. Así pues, debe permitir, en tiempo real, acce- der a las subastas de pescado en dichas lonjas sin necesidad de estar pendiente de la subasta (agentes de software reali- zarán las acciones de puja previamente definidas) compitiendo con los comprado- res presentes. Iniciativa 2: Los pescadores de la lonja de Sant Carles de la Rápita han creado un sistema de compra por Internet chas iniciativas son cuantitativamente nido tal acceso a dicha oferta y deben (www.pescarapita.es) a través del cual se poco significativas puesto que los volú- aprovisionarse de las primeras. comercializa pescado fresco desde la lon- menes de comercialización asociados En tráfico pesquero, los aeropuertos de ja a empresas mayoristas, detailistas es- son, a día de hoy, bajos en comparación Vitoria y Barajas son los principales cana- pecializados, canal Horeco e incluso a con aquellos asociados a otros canales les de entrada de producto pesquero en consumidores finales. de comercialización -en ningún caso
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