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Erminlo Caprotti F) L Avole Propriamente Nei Vasti Ammassi Di

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Erminlo Caprotti F) L Avole Propriamente Nei Vasti Ammassi Di \ \ Erminlo Caprotti MOLLUSCHI DEL TABIANIANO (PLIOCENE INFERIORE) DELLA VAL D'ARDA. LORO CONNESSIONI TEMPORALI E SPAZIALI. Gebun und GÈb, Èir cwias Mc.r. - F'n we.-hselnd W€hén Èin slUhcnd t2ben: So schatf ich .m sausendeù WcE sruhl de. z.n Und{i.ke dér Gonhéir lebendig.s (W. C@thé, Faust, I, Nacht) A) Introduzione B) Composizione della fauna e comparazioni - Le associazioni , dominanti C) Origine e divenire D) Descrizioni paleontologiche E) Nota bibliografica F) l avole A) INTRODUZIONE Questo lavoro studia i molluschi reperiti dall'Autore con sue per- sonali ricerche nel Tabianiano (Pliocene inferiore) della Val d'Arda, in provincia di Piacenza. La ricerca e la raccolta del materiale è stata ef- fettuata sulla riva destra dell'Arda nei pressi di Lugagnano, e Piir propriamente nei vasti ammassi di argille azzure che si stendono dall'Arda verso il paese di Vernasca (Foglio I.G.M. n. 72 II N.E.). In particolare le due zone di raccolta, oggetto di questo studio, sono topograficamente racchiuse tm quota 208 (Case Micelli presso la riva destra dell'Arda) e quota 300 circa. Si tratta di un grande ammasso di argille azzurre, situato ad Est ed a Sud-Est della fornace per late- rizi di Lugagnano. Topograficamente sovrapposte a queste argille si trovano sabbie basali del Pliocene inferiore variate con intercalazioni marmose, sab- bie medie e grossolane, marne grigio chiare, sabbie argillo§e, argille marmoso-sabbiose. Da esse non sono stati prelevati che scarsi fram_ menti di molluschi e pertanto queste non fanno oggetto di questo Iavoro. Queste sabbie sooo stratigraficamente sottoposte alle argille prese qui in esame, mentre dal punto di vista topografico esse si e' stcndono fin quasi al paese di Veanasca. Nell'ambito però delle argille azzurre, siìtose, micacèe, che sono B) COMPOSIZIONE DELLA FAUNA E COMPARAZIONI qui studiate, sono state evidenziate due zone di raccolta, poiché ognu- na ha caratteri proprii, come si noterà nel corso dell'analisi della La fauna in esame è composta dalle seguenti specie, che elenco, fauna. indicandone la presenza, nella zona A (colonna n. 1) e nella zona B La prima zona (Zona A) è stratigraficamente sottoposta alla se- (colonna n. 2). conda (Zona B ). Ai fini della comparazione con faune analoghe, ho indicato nella La zona A denota, dall'esame della fauna, una situazione di mare colonna n. 3, le specie reperite nello stratotipo del Tabianiano, secondo più basso che la seguente. Molti esemplari risultano erosi e spiag_ PELosro, 1966, e, nella colonna n. 4, Ie specie reperite nel Pliocene in- giati, cosa che non si verifica per la zona B- Gli esemplari della zona A feriore di Casa Spiandarolo nei pressi di Castrocaro, essendomi av- sembrano segnalare una profondità variante fino ad un massimo di valso per queste dell'elenco in RucGrERt, 1957, p. 123. 70-100 metri, mentre la zona B indica una profondità superiore, sti- t234 1. N,culd place,tina LLM^RCK mata fra i 100 ed i 200 metri. 2. N uc ulan a I t a gilis lCuzuxnz) Salendo nella serie, fauna si impoverisce sempre piìr. Gli affio- ). Yaldìa broti RELL^RDr la Afladata dìl r, con {L^MAr.cK) ramenti verso il letto dell'Arda segnalano scarsissimi molluschi, 5. Atudaru pectinata ,irol (FoNr^NNEs) predominanza d,L Mitrella thiara (BRoccHt). 6. G lycy nerì' b imaculat a (P o].l) 1_ P r o p e an us s isrn clis tatln (BR)NN) La sezione pliocenica, comprendente queste mie due zone, è stata 8. Prcpea t\iuh d ode.inla,nellatun lRr.oNN) ampiamente illustrata dal punto di vista micropaÌeontologico da 9. C hlany s s en ie n is Lrla r«cr 10. Pecten benedictut LAM^RCK 1) BARBTERT (1967) e da BaRBTERT & MEDroLr (1964). 1) 11. Lìnea s ttigilata (BRoccHr) 12- Ano ft ia e p bi p pitn (LlNNEo) In particolare in BARBTERT & MEDroLr (1964, p. 6), si attribuisce al 11. O s tr e a lam e llo sa Bxoccttr grosso modo, corrisponderebbe alla mia zona campione n.2050 che, 14. Itrl t ea s pinil et a \MDNT di raccolta B, un valore ecologico che lo fa sfavorevole ai foraminiferi t5_ V e s n ult ilad e Ua lL^M^\cK)^c!) "" bentonici, ed anche le forme planctoniche indicherebbero acque non 16. Pelecyora btandicoides (Lttut pcx) molto profonde. 11. Timoclea ouata lPtxNtnr) x 18. Cotbula zibba IOLwI) Le due zone in esame risultano appartenere con certezza a1 Plio_ 19. Dertaliule serang u S(}lRoÉ\Ek (Tabianiano), ef' 20. D e ntaLiun ìrue q ual e BxoN» cene inferiore sia dagli studi microfaunistici finora 2t. DefltdLi n passelinìanum CoccoNt fettuati, sia dall'esame della malacofauna del vicino stratotipo del 22_ D e rt al ìam ttiq se tl ri1 BF.occ}jl Tabianiano (PELosro, 1966), sia dalie deduzioni finora effettuate dallo 2)_ De"t a Li u n oi trcu n ScldRoE tEI scrivente nel corso del lavoro- 2) 24. C adulus ue n tl ic o tu t IBRoNN) 25. Gibb la naz s (LtNNEo) Per la sistematica, ho seguito il « Treatise on Invertebrate Paleon- 26. Atrruea li blìala lBoRsoN) 27. Snarugd;a a|1. /i'ilir (LÌNNEo) », MooRE, per quanto sinora pubblicato. Per rima- tology edito da il 28. Tullitetta spirnta lBiocc[r) x 2) x nente, mi sono riferito all'opera di WENZ, e WENZ & Zrlcq. 29_ T ttl i t e Ud, ticai"at d (BF.occt!\) 30. Mat hilda q lBRoccHr) Un particolare lingraziamento, per la collaborazione offerta in )1. Arc bitectorìca"adticatinata sirzpler (Bnorx) difficili determinazioni, va alla Signora ELrsABErra GHrsorrr ed aÌ )2. P e t ala co fl c bus ifl t or t$ lL AecK) ^M Dr. FERNANDo GHrsoTTI. Hanno collaborato allo studio mia moglìe, )). Biuian rcticulatu lLrNNEo) )4. Cetitbiella gexei (BELTARDT & MrcHElorrr) CapRorrr, nonché Sig. PAUL HENRr CEENUZ, che qui ringrazio. MARcrr il 35. Cirsotrena psedo-scalalir (BRoccHr) alf. Èimacouitzi Si spera che da questo lavoro siano ampliate le conoscenze sulla )6. Cbsorredd lBoÉrrcÉ\) )7. T urlit cala t arulo t a lBtocc{t ) maìacofauna del Pliocene inferioae e sulle sue caratteristiche. 38. Leiosnaca glabra (DÀ CosTA) x x l) )9. Niso acariftatocofiica CossMANN & PEyRor 40. Caly ptrued chircbtit (Ll\[rEo) 1) Sembra che questa {orma abbia forti analogie con una specie vivente nel Mar 1) Per quanto riguarda i molluschi, un breve cenno in Rvccrrnr, 1958, in nota Rosso. Vedasi nelle descrizioni paleontologiche per altri dettasli. 1i a, pasina il. 2) Indicata da Prlosro come Tuttitelld subans lata \BRoccHr). 3) Inrlicata da RuccrERI come S*onbifomis sabulatus lDoN.) paruazracìlis ls^c- del Phoccne tn Tabianiano per la pane infenore questa 2r Accerro Ia suddivrsione "ua co). A mio awiso, sottospecie cade nell'ambito di variabiÌità Ai S. subulatts, e I'ia,erzi,no per la sua rarre medto.srperr"re,cfr BaRBIFct lqu7. JacL{PrNo. 1q67 sinonimo di Lcìost ca rlabla (D,{ Cosr^). a1- Xetuphora t?nigerz (BkoNN) 96. Roxania ,ir?/l lBFLI lsDrì 42.42- XellopbonXeDphon'a i"lurdibutsninluzdtbulun \B\o\BNoccHt) 91- Ptrunidella plr.ora IBRoNNT (Rrsso\ 98. Tatbonlld p,?Ldoco ellata uttifigeliaM e9. S^cco 44. iorapAi,,a (Rrsso) T"tbont\a de,tapd ln 6^ccot :,, 4J. Lajlatia catena helicina (BNoccHt) rcO. Tuùazi d alptnà 1'rc<ot 4t Natra DteudoeDitlokiraSrsMoND^ fi|. Odostan,a càmidia lBxocc{t) echiithi,a place*na (DrrRANcE) x4) x 47. Cat'da;ia Le 101 specie elencate 46. Senrcatsit laetieata pliaatultata Stcco sono rappresentate da oltre l50O individui 49. Canatisn dade/leini lD'ANcoN^) (ivi compresi i frammenti determilabili). 50. Clbarcnia ape$i"ica ls^ssr) Particolare importanza ritengo abbia il paragone con altre faune t),. Gynaeln naryinattn lM^R'ttNt) sicuramente del Pliocene inferiore e mi sono awalso per questo 52. Ftcus aeornettd lBoRsoN) di 51 Fr$ .ondttat Drcrcticulat ls^cco) lavori di studiosi di grandissimo valore, quali pelosro è Ruccrerr. Il 54. Mutex bradarii to/ulariu' ILrNNÈo) primo di questi studiosi ha illustrato tutta Ia malacofauna dello stra- 55. Muer spinicotta BeoNN totipo del Tabianiano, mentre il secondo ha dato preziosissime indi- MitteLla tbiala 56. lBt.occllr) cazioni sul Pliocene inferiore italiano, con sue numerose pubblica_ 51. Mìtle a no$oides IGR^"tELouP') zioni, tra quali 58. Pbot pobsana' \RRoccÈ\) le in particolare qìJella del 1957 è qui interessànte per- 59. Phot haenesi SÈ:",PEB. ché è la sola altra fauna sicuramente pliocenicà inferiore dell,Alta o0 Spbaerata:sa utab $ phoqaeia Sacco Italia finora studiata in quanto tale. 61. Antcliu irafua (M^vÉR) Anyclifta senistìata é2. lRi.o.cÉr], Si noti pertanto che il 46010 circa delle specie è presente pure Del_ 6). Hib;a anealata (Bfuoccll\) lo stratotipo del Tabianiano (Tabiano 64. Hinia seftata lBeoccrr) bagni) ed il 33010 circa aelle spe- 65. Hinia seftaticotta (Rr.oNN) cie è presente nel Pliocene inferiore di Casa Spiandarolo (Castrocarò). 66. Hinia tulbinella \RRoccBr) Però, mentre Rucclsnr, 1957, non dà indicazioni quantitative, con il 61. Hinia planistria (Br.ucNoNE) lavoro PELosro, 1966 si possono effettuare alcune considerazioni com 68. Hiflia p,yy atica \RRoccHr) 69. Fusinu! loflgitoster lBRoccar) Parative. 10. Fusi" t tostratus lollv\) Ouesto Autore infatti, pur non indicando per le specie molLo fre 11. P"sìa plicatula lBRoc.Hr) queoti il numero esatto di individui reperiti, segnala però se si tratta i2. Vexillsn crplettinlm lB(oc.Jr) di una o di piir decine di esemplari, se di un centinaio o piÌr di un 73. Mitra tclab;crlata lBRocc{r) centinaio. Narona lr/ata spìnl.llosa x5) x 74. lBRocct\\) (PELosro, 1j. Natona nitruelot b lBRacc{t) Inoltre 1966, p. 109,110) egli elenca tutta Ia fauna stu- 76. Baftllitia bonetLii IBELLA\DI) diata, indicando con n ff " le specie ritenute frequentissime.
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