THE FIRST100 YEARS
THE Centennial History of Loyola University Chicago School of Law
Written by Professor Thomas M. Haney
of
A proud heritage...an ambitious future I n tr o d u c ti o n
his book is not truly a history of Loyola’s law school. The real history of the
school is the people—the women and men who, as students and faculty and T graduates, give life to the law school community. Their stories—individual, personal, unique—are not conveyed in this volume. They exist in the anecdotes, even
the legends, that get told and retold whenever and wherever those individuals gather to
reminisce about their days at the law school.
This book, I expect, will trigger recollections and bring back memories of the ever-exciting
and ever-challenging life at the school. It will, I hope, draw the law school community
even closer together.
The law school’s story over the past century is engaging, filled with interesting and
significant people, events, activities, and adventures. All of us in the law school community
have been a part of that story and have contributed to its fascinating mosaic. We all look
forward to helping take the law school into its next century.
Thomas M. Haney
The 25 East Pearson Street building, now known as the Loyola Law Center
2 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 3 T a b l e o f Co n te n ts
Ch a p t e r 1 ...... 6 Th e Fo u n d i n g o f t h e La w Sc h o o l “a law school, conducted under the auspices of a Catholic college or university, and situated in Chicago, the great metropolis of the middle west, would succeed”
Ch a p t e r 2 ...... 18 Th e Ea r l y Ye a r s : 1908 t o 1919 “to give its students a thorough training, both theoretical and practical, in all branches of the law”
Ch a p t e r 3 ...... 30 Tr a n sf o r m a t i o n : 1920s a n d 1930s “[The faculty] gave life and meaning to the social, moral, and ethical values implicated in the practice of the law”
Ch a p t e r 4 ...... 50 Wo r l d Wa r II “the proper Christian philosophical and ethical principles were being taught along with the purely technical points of law”
Ch a p t e r 5 ...... 58 Th e Re a c t i v a t e d La w Sc h o o l : 1940s t h r o u g h 1960s “a dynamic school, adequately equipped, happily founded on the unqualified moral support of the university, intimately aware of competitive needs”
Ch a p t e r 6 ...... 80 Tu r m o i l a n d Pr o g r e ss : Th e 1970s t o t h e Ea r l y 1980s “a self-contained law school [building] which could be designed from its origin to meet the needs of the law school for the indefinite future”
Ch a p t e r 7 ...... 104 Th e Ap p e l Ye a r s : 1983 t o 2004 “a student-focused law center inspired by the Jesuit tradition of academic excellence, intellectual openness, and service to others”
Ch a p t e r 8 ...... 140 In t o t h e Ne w Ce n t u r y “the law school’s first hundred years have experienced a remarkable consistency in themes and values”
In d e x ...... 154
4 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 5 Ch a p t e r 1
n a cold day in 1906, five remarkable Chicago lawyers Otook the initiative to propose to Loyola’s predecessor, St. Ignatius College, that it establish a law department—thus setting in motion the process that led to the creation of what today is Loyola University Chicago School of Law.
Those five lawyers—William Dillon, Michael V. Kannally, Judge Marcus Kavanagh, Patrick H. O’Donnell, and Howard O. Sprogle—wrote to Henry J. Dumbach, S.J., president of St. Ignatius College, on January 13 to urge the creation of the law school. In part, that letter stated:
William Dillon, who would become the first dean We, the undersigned, after considerable reflection on the matter, beg leave to request you and the trustees of St. Ignatius worthy of the city, and worthy of College, to consider the advisability of St. Ignatius College, may be established opening a law department in connection in the City of Chicago. with St. Ignatius College. The letter emphasizes at least two themes We are of the opinion that a law school, that run through the entire history of conducted under the auspices of a Catholic Loyola’s law school: the placing of the law college or university, and situated in Chicago, school under Catholic patronage and the the great metropolis of the middle west, school’s location in Chicago, “the great Th e Fo u n d i n g o f would succeed. metropolis of the middle west.” Certainly the student body would not be composed The undersigned desire to offer their services exclusively of Catholics; in fact, not all of in the organization of the proposed law the men involved in the founding and initial t h e La w Sc h o o l school, in case you wish to accept them. operation of the school were Catholic. But Whatever we can do, we shall do cheerfully the Catholic identity of the school was a and willingly, in the hope that a law school paramount concern to the founders.
(continued on page 9) •
The Ashland Block, at Clark and Randolph streets in the heart of the Loop, was the first home of the law school.
6 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 7 T he Fo u n d i n g o f the La w Sc h o o l
(continued from page 7)
A school born among others, met at the college to make of persistence plans for the new school. The administration of St. Ignatius On May 18, 1908, the organization of the College was soon persuaded that a law school was completed at “an informal school would fit nicely into its expansion dinner” hosted by the St. Ignatius faculty plans. Alumni of the college expressed great at Vogelsang’s, a popular German restaurant enthusiasm for the idea at their annual at Madison and LaSalle streets in banquet in 1906, when the proposal was downtown Chicago. The new president first publicly disclosed.
The five founders had written in their original letter: “We would beg leave to suggest that steps be taken immediately to organize the school, as it is very desirable to open it next Fall, and several months of painstaking work will be necessary to secure the faculty, to advertise the school properly, and to make all necessary arrangements, so that the school may be successful from the very beginning.” Unfortunately, approval did not come in time to permit classes to begin in the fall of 1906, as the Dillon group had hoped.
The alumni of the college lobbied intensively for the proposal to form a Department of Law. These graduates were convinced, prophetically, that the law school would be the first of a number of “graduate schools in the…learned professions” to be established at St. Ignatius College.
By early 1907, these efforts had begun to bear fruit. Dillon, Arnold D. McMahon, and Judge Edward F. Dunne (the former mayor Alexander Burrowes, S.J., the president of St. Ignatius College who enthusiastically oversaw the opening of Chicago and later governor of Illinois), of the law school
This 1906 letter from five Chicago lawyers to the president of St. Ignatius College set in motion the process that led to the formation of the law school. (continued on page 10) •
8 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 9 T he Fo u n d i n g o f the La w Sc h o o l
(continued from page 9)
Doors open at Loop location Classes began on Monday, September 14, 1908. The school was located in a building known as the Ashland Block at Clark and Randolph streets in Chicago’s Loop. This was a prestigious address for many lawyers of the day, including Dean Dillon, Kavanagh, and O’Donnell. The building, designed by the influential Chicago architecture firm of Burnham and Root, was located across the street from the Cook County Courthouse and City Hall. The law school occupied nearly all of the 12th floor St. Ignatius College (now housing St. Ignatius of that building. College Prep) with Holy Family Church, the second oldest surviving Catholic church in Chicago A key purpose of establishing the school was to fill a gap in Chicago legal education
The new law school was called the Lincoln College for working people—a goal that continued of Law for one year while St. Ignatius College throughout the school’s history. As transformed itself into Loyola University of Chicago. S t . Ig n a t i u s : Co ll e g e o n t h e Pr a i r i e McMahon wrote: t. Ignatius College, Loyola University Chicago’s St. Ignatius College opened in 1870 and Arnold Damen, S.J., of the college, Alexander Burrowes, S.J., It will be the aim of the Lincoln College of the founder of Spredecessor and the institution at which the immediately prospered. It entered its second year St. Ignatius College endorsed the proposal for the “first law Law to afford to those who must support School of Law was conceived, had been established with 61 boys enrolled. But, on October 8, 1871, school to be conducted under Catholic themselves while preparing for the profession in 1870 by a Jesuit priest, Arnold Damen, S.J., who the Great Chicago Fire began at Jefferson and had been recruited in his native Holland to become DeKoven streets, just five blocks from the college. auspices in Chicago.” an opportunity to obtain a thorough training a missionary in the United States. Fortunately, the direction of the wind kept the fire in all branches of the law. To this end it has away from the school and church. When the fire St. Ignatius College had not yet completed been determined to hold the class sessions in Father Damen rejected offers of existing churches was finally over, St. Ignatius College was one of the the process of becoming a university, so the and embarked on setting up his own parish on the the evening from 6:30 to 9:00 p.m. The classes few buildings in the area that had been spared, new law school was not initially to be a part southwest side of the central city. The area was not and so it became a relief center and shelter for less will be conducted by men actively engaged promising, but land was cheap. The present Holy of that body. Instead, the school would be fortunate Chicagoans. in the profession, who have been chosen with Family parish was thus begun in the area of 12th called the Lincoln College of Law, the first Street (now Roosevelt Road) at Racine Avenue. As The modern concept of “college” had not yet great care from the leading practitioners of the law school in the United States to be named Damen had envisioned, a growing number of Irish been achieved. In fact, St. Ignatius College offered Chicago bar. immigrants settled in the prairie around the church, an education ranging from junior high school after Abraham Lincoln. and the parish rapidly grew. through a bachelor’s degree. In 1906, when the So the law school began its existence solely college received the proposal to establish a law Dillon was named dean of the law faculty, Father Damen was a master of fundraising; in as an evening school, with a mostly adjunct department from William Dillon and his colleagues, and McMahon the secretary and registrar. addition to raising what he could in Chicago, he it was ready for expansion. faculty drawn from the practicing bar. traveled across the country giving parish missions and devoting his stipends to a project to establish a (continued on page 13) • Jesuit college. He began construction of St. Ignatius College in 1867.
10 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 11 T he Fo u n d i n g o f the La w Sc h o o l
(continued from page 10)
T u r n - o f - t h e -Ce n t u r y Founding fathers C h i c a g o a n d t h e La w distinguished in range of activities hicago in 1900 was a bustling, vibrant city, The five men whose tenacity and vision with a diverse population settling into enclaves C established Loyola’s School of Law brought a scattered throughout the city. Indeed, it was the fastest growing city in America the last three diverse range of experiences and interests to decades of the 19th century and into the 20th, and the new venture. In addition to succeeding the second city to reach a population of 1.6 million at the private- and public-sector practice (giving rise to the nickname “the Second City”). The population explosion was fueled by immigration, of law and on the bench, members of this primarily from Europe from the end of the Civil War group had turned their hands at various until the end of World War I, and the later migration times to journalism, ranching, and the of blacks from the South, mainly beginning in 1910. military, among other endeavors. Meanwhile, the city’s legal community in the early 20th century was a picture of order slowly emerging The first dean, William Dillon, was out of chaos. For decades, unlicensed men had American-born but had been taken back been representing clients as attorneys, many with little formal education. Even though women were to his parents’ Ireland, where he became a admitted to the state bar in 1872, the number of barrister in both Ireland and England. He women in the profession remained very small. returned to the land of his birth as a young Shortly before the close of the 19th century, the man. After several years in Colorado, where state adopted a rule mandating that new attorneys he lived on a ranch and later practiced law, be admitted to practice only after three years of he moved to Chicago. At the invitation secondary education and successful completion of a written examination. Despite these new of the Catholic Archbishop of Chicago, requirements, the number of attorneys practicing in he became the editor of a local Catholic Chicago continued to rise rapidly, exceeding 4,000 newspaper, The New World, a position that by 1900 and nearly 5,000 just three years later. he held for eight years before returning to Law schools, like the lawyers, were essentially the full-time practice of law and then the unregulated at that time. A large number of law deanship at Loyola. schools, mostly unaffiliated with any academic institution, sprouted up, but the quality they offered varied greatly. Many in the legal profession Patrick H. O’Donnell, a graduate of were rightly concerned about the services that their Georgetown, was admitted to the bar in graduates could offer to an unsuspecting public. 1895. He was a practicing lawyer, “one Other lawyers, however, based their opposition to of the most widely known and eloquent new law schools on a dislike of working-class and/ or ethnic individuals entering the legal profession. members of the Chicago bar.” He was said to have been one of the first to advocate the Chicago was thus ripe for a new Jesuit-affiliated law school focused on an urban population. establishment of a Department of Law by
(continued on page 15) •
Downtown Chicago in the early 20th century, with the Ashland Block
12 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 13 T he Fo u n d i n g o f the La w Sc h o o l
(continued from page 13)
St. Ignatius College and that he “worked Howard O. Sprogle had been born in earnestly and persistently to make the school Franklin, Pennsylvania, in 1855. He was a success.” He recruited others, including his a member of the first class at St. Ignatius partner Marcus Kavanagh, to join him in College in 1870 and studied law at the promoting the proposed law school. University of Pennsylvania. He practiced law in Colorado (for three years as assistant Judge Marcus Kavanagh had been born district attorney in Denver) and Virginia. in Des Moines, Iowa in 1859 and held an He came to Chicago by 1890, where he was LLB degree from Iowa State University. an assistant state’s attorney of Cook County He practiced in Des Moines, where he was from 1896 to 1903. In 1907 he became an elected twice as city attorney (the first time attorney for the Civil Service Commission, at age 21) and later served for three years a position he held for most of the rest of as a district judge in the state courts. He his life. In his earlier life, he had also been moved to Chicago in 1889 and practiced a journalist with the Philadelphia Press and law in the firm that became Gibbons, later with the Chicago Evening Post. He died Kavanagh & O’Donnell. In 1898 he was in Chicago in 1917. n appointed to fill a vacancy on the Superior Court and was later reelected to that office several times; he served on that court for 37 years, until the end of 1935. During the Spanish-American War, Kavanagh enlisted and was elected colonel of the 7th Illinois Volunteer Infantry (National Guard). In 1923, he was appointed by the American Bar Association (ABA), with two other lawyers, to make a study and report on European legal procedure. He was later invited to address a committee of the British House of Commons, which was considering the abolition of capital punishment.
Michael V. Kannally, an 1894 graduate of St. Ignatius College, was admitted to the bar in 1910 and became a member of the law firm of Burton & Kannally. It was said that he “contributed much valuable aid and [gave] largely of his time in the formation and organization” of the proposed law school.
William Dillon was memorialized by the Chicago Bar Record as a “fearless and courageous advocate, a sound logician, a learned lawyer, a genial personality” and “always a tireless student of history and government, as well as the law…known widely as a master of Latin and Greek, a profound scholar.”
14 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 15 T he Fo u n d i n g o f the La w Sc h o o l
“The class sessions of the [Law] Department are held in the evening..., thus making it
possible for young men employed in law offices to unite THE ADVANTAGES OF A rEGULAR, SCIENTIFIC COURSE IN THE LAW under experienced instructors with the practical training afforded by their daily work.”
—Early Loyola law school catalog
Law Library, about 1923
16 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 17 Ch a p t e r 2
hirty students, all men, enrolled (in modern terms) additions such as for the first session of the new Abstracts and Conveyancing, and Guaranty Tlaw school in the fall of 1908. Some and Suretyship. Third-year students Th e Ea r l y Ye a r s : of these students had been given advanced were to take a “lecture course” in Legal standing, having begun their study of Ethics—a topic that has remained central 1908 t o 1919 law at other institutions. Regular courses to Loyola’s mission—for a total of eight were scheduled from Monday through hours, as well as a review course for Thursday evenings. “approximately (sic) 70 hours.”
Central to the curriculum was a solid A complete grounding in practice skills. The Practice Court program, described on page 27, was curriculum from designed to provide all students with the beginning experience in a litigation-oriented practice Since some of the students had been of law. Thus the law school’s focus on enrolled with advanced standing, a full advocacy was a key component of the curriculum had to be provided from the curriculum from its earliest days. start. The school did not have the luxury of phasing in upper-level courses as first-year students moved into their second year.
The entire curriculum was required. There were no elective courses in law in the early years.
The first-year curriculum consisted of nine courses. The four most fundamental courses were Contracts, Torts, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and Constitutional Law. (Interestingly, these courses extended over different durations, from 10–14 weeks each.) The other five first-year courses were Agency, Property, Bailments and Carriers, Persons and Domestic Relations, and Sales of Personalty.
The upper-level curriculum contained Among the law students in this era was most basic law courses, with some unusual Francisco L. Rivera (LLB ’17).
(continued on page 21) •
The second annual dinner of the law school in 1910
18 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 19 T he Ear l y Years : 1908 t o 1919
(continued from page 19)
L o g i c , Ph i l o s o p h y , Consistent with the law school’s origins Contracts and Agency in the first-year a n d So c i o l o g y as a component of a Catholic institution, curriculum, as well as Damages in the law students had the option of taking a second-year curriculum, for a total of as nonlaw elective course on their one free many as 10 hours a week; he was also the rom the very beginning of the new Lincoln joined by Patrick A. Mullens, S.J., the University- evening of the week, Friday. This course, teacher of the review course for third-year FCollege of Law, there was an optional course appointed regent of the Department of Law. The Logic, Philosophy, and Sociology, was students. His mix of courses, like that of outside the regular mix, one that was highly course shifted into a two-year sequence, with offered by a Jesuit priest, Edward J. Gleeson, Dean Dillon, changed over the years. unusual for law schools of that era: Logic, sections on issues such as “the woman problem,“ Philosophy, and Sociology, taught by Edward J. which included “[W]oman’s place in society— S.J. (see opposite page). Gleeson, S.J. Suffrage and reform. Woman in industry and domestic service.” There were also lectures on The Monday The course was designed for “college graduates, moral philosophy and on legal ethics. The course advanced and special students and professional disappeared from the law school catalog in the A full-time evening lectures gentlemen,” although “[o]ther gentlemen, early 1920s. though not college graduates nor law students, faculty of two The Monday evening lectures were a fixed are admitted to the class if their tastes and In the early years, the faculty consisted of part of the law school’s program in the early previous attainments qualify them to profit by it.” Father Gleeson offered his course on Friday “men actively engaged in the profession, years. A regular schedule of the lectures evening, and a majority of the early law students who have been chosen with great care from was published at the beginning of each elected to take it, thus committing themselves the leading practitioners of the Chicago bar.” term. The school attracted very prominent to classes for five nights a week. After the formation of the University, the Lincoln College of Law became the Department of Law of Loyola. Only two were employed full time: the dean, members of the bar and bench to lecture The course was fundamentally a philosophy William Dillon, and Arnold D. McMahon, on a variety of subjects, supplementing the class with an admixture of sociology—all from the secretary and registrar. Thus the great students’ regular classroom education. a distinctly Catholic perspective. For example, the 1909–10 catalog mentions “Properties [of majority of the curriculum was taught by marriage]: Unity and Indissolubility; hence divorce “lecturers,” part-time faculty members, During the school’s first year, the winter/ impossible by human authority” and “Civil authority many of whom served for years and became spring 1909 lecture program included in the abstract from God; hence the absurdity of presentations by Justice Orrin N. Carter the Social Contract of Rousseau.” an integral part of the school. In the first catalog of the Loyola Department of Law of the Illinois Supreme Court on the jury The teaching of the course was later assumed (1909–10) there were 17 of these lecturers, system; Chief Judge Harry Olson of the by Frederic J. Siedenburg, S.J., who still later was many teaching more than one course Municipal Court on civil and criminal throughout the year. practice in that court and on preparation for trial in criminal cases; and Edward F. Dean Dillon taught two courses, both in Dunne, the former mayor of the City of the third-year curriculum: Private Chicago (and later governor of the State Corporations and Public Corporations. of Illinois) who had been involved in the He continued to practice law to some school’s founding, on habeas corpus. extent while serving as dean.
Professor McMahon, on the other hand, had a remarkable teaching load: he taught
(continued on page 22) •
20 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 21 T he Ear l y Years : 1908 t o 1919
(continued from page 21)
Advantages of The law school part-time legal and the University education at Loyola While the new Lincoln College of Law was The officially articulated aim of the law beginning its educational program, St. school was “to give its students a thorough Ignatius College was transforming itself training, both theoretical and practical, into a university. Henry J. Dumbach, S.J., in all branches of the law.” The 1909–10 stepped down as president in 1908 and Bulletin of the Department of Law describes was succeeded by Alexander J. Burrowes, the specific “advantages” of enrollment S.J. In 1909, the trustees of the college there: the evening hours enabled “young reorganized the institution into Loyola men” employed in law offices, as well as University, spurred by the establishment of those “engaged in clerical and commercial the law school as the first professional school positions,” to attend law school while (followed later that year by an affiliation continuing their current occupations; and with Bennett Medical College, which later the downtown location in Chicago (“the became the University’s medical school) commercial and financial center of the and the opening of the first building, later West”) offered job opportunities, proximity named Dumbach Hall, on the new north to local and federal courts, and access to side campus in Rogers Park. various libraries. Lincoln College of Law thus became the In addition, the Bulletin bragged, Loyola University Department of Law in “The Department enjoys...the distinction of 1909, a name that it retained until the 1920s, being the only evening law school in Chicago when it became the School of Law. maintained and supported by a University. Members of the learned profession...are continually pointing out the desirability of Life in the law school having professional schools placed under the Education in a private law school has control of literary [sic] institutions....Worthy never been free. The annual tuition in young men, whose circumstances do not Loyola’s first years was $75 a year, payable permit them to give the entire day to the study quarterly. In addition, there was a one-time of law, may here secure their professional nonrefundable $5 matriculation fee payable training and receive their law degrees from a at the time of first registration (that is, after University of recognized standing.” application and admission), as well as a $10 “diploma fee” upon graduation.
(continued on page 26) •
22 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 23 T he Ear l y Years : 1908 t o 1919
“The location of the [Law] Department in CHICAGO, THE COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL CENTER OF THE WEST, presents opportunities which are unequaled elsewhere.”
—Early law school catalog
Department of Law offices, about 1923
24 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 25 T he Ear l y Years : 1908 t o 1919
(continued from page 22)
The students in the new law school may be necessary to post another notice of this have been eager for their study of law, but character....While it is not desired or intended it appears that not all of them exhibited to make any threats, because they are entirely the same degree of commitment. It soon unnecessary, or to be unduly severe in the became necessary to remind the students treatment of the students, it is only fair to that the Practice Court was “a regular notify them that the College will summarily course of the Department” and that “regular dismiss any student who persistently ignores and punctual attendance...is a prerequisite its rules or whose misconduct tends to bring to graduation.” Strict attendance records criticism on the student body. were kept by the clerk of the court, and students missing without an excused Students will be students, even when they absence would be charged with a demerit. are studying law, but having fun need not Students were also reminded that “courtesy distract them from their serious academic demands that they remain for the lectures pursuits. There is no record of any students delivered on Monday evenings; the lecturers being “summarily dismiss[ed]” from the are men of eminence in the profession school for infractions of the rules. One of the early law school classes and their kindness in aiding students should be reciprocated.” Developments in Professor McMahon issued a statement that the first decade he “regret[ted] very much that he is obliged” P r a c t i c e Co u r t Pr o g r a m i s Pr e c u r s o r t o Ad v o c a c y Fo c u s to remind the students not to congregate The law school soon moved from the 12th to the sixth floor of the Ashland in the halls of the building: the college ince its earliest days, an emphasis on Before graduation, every student had to take a leased only its specific rooms and shared Block to accommodate the growing Sdeveloping advocacy skills has been a hallmark case on appeal; presumably this included the oral the hallways with other tenants only for number of students. The catalog refers to of Loyola’s law school. In the school’s first years, argument, although the 1909–10 catalog refers “a commodious and quiet suite” for the third-year students were required to complete an merely to “removing a case from the Practice Court ingress and egress. extensive Practice Court program. Students in other to an Appellate Tribunal” and “preparing the record, school. By the second year of the school’s classes had the opportunity to “take advantage abstract, and briefs substantially as required by the Complaint has been made by tenants and operation, student enrollment had grown of the training afforded by the course…as their rules of practice in the Appellate Court of Illinois.” janitors that students run, shout and act in to 60, and by 1911 it was 95. progress in the law warrants.” Students of all class years acted as officers a boisterous and unbecoming manner in the The Practice Court involved students conducting of the Practice Court: clerk, bailiff, and Since many of the original students had halls, and even litter them after they have a trial according to the rules of the Circuit Court of stenographers. As with today’s advocacy program, been cleaned; while the Secretary believes entered with advanced standing, the first Cook County. The trials were normally civil cases the participation of the Chicago legal community graduates of the new law school received in law or in equity, although occasionally criminal was crucial: judges of various courts and other that all students of the College are gentlemen, work was assigned. lawyers delivered special lectures on court-related their law degrees in 1910. and would not intentionally be guilty of subjects from time to time as a part of the program.
such misbehavior, he can enter no denial of When the school’s enrollment jumped to the charges so long as they continue to loiter 115 for the 1914 class, Henry S. Spalding, in the hall....I sincerely hope that it will not S.J., the university-appointed regent for the
(continued on page 28) •
26 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 27 T he Ear l y Years : 1908 t o 1919
(continued from page 26)
law school, helped the school expand into even larger quarters on the sixth floor of the Ashland Block.
Dean Dillon retired in 1916 and returned to Colorado. Arnold Damen McMahon, who had been involved in the formation of the school and had served as its secretary and registrar since it opened in 1908, was appointed acting dean by the president of the University, John B. Furay, S.J. Named for Arnold Damen, S.J., the founder of St. Ignatius College, where he got his undergraduate degree, McMahon had received his law degree from the Union College of Law. He was later named dean, a position that he held until 1925.
World War I and the end of the first decade The school remained open during World War I, although enrollment fell off sharply. At the June 1918 graduation, two of the 16 graduates were footnoted as being “in service.” The class roster for 1918–19 indicates that about a third of the enrolled students were also in service. There were only 11 graduates in 1919, although the “in service” designation
was dropped. n
The Chicago Daily Tribune on July 13, 1918 reported on Bernard F. Cummings (LLB ’17) being severely wounded in the war. Arnold Damen McMahon became the law school’s second dean.
28 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 29 Ch a p t e r 3
hen the 1920s opened, the lower, probably a result of the Depression law school was regaining as well as intensified faculty scrutiny of W enrollment after World student achievement and a willingness to War I. The decade saw a remarkable dismiss students who were not performing transformation of the school: the well academically. By 1930, the law establishment of a day division, an school was awarding degrees not only at expanded full-time faculty, new facilities, a commencement in June but also in a graduate studies program, and significant August and February; the mid-year diversity in the student body. These graduation continued until the school developments were inspired by Frederic closed for World War II. J. Siedenburg, S.J., who was appointed regent of the school by the University In 1924 the law school began to award two president in 1921. different law degrees: the Juris Doctor (JD) and the Bachelor of Laws (LLB). The former A full-time day division with a three-year was awarded to those graduates who already course of study was established in 1921, and held an undergraduate degree, whereas the the evening division course was expanded to latter was given to those who entered law four years. The “morning school” met five school after the requisite number of years in days a week from 9 a.m. to noon, with three college without having received a degree. successive one-hour classes each day. The “evening school” continued to meet four nights a week for a total of 10 class hours.
The law school was changed in the 1920s by a significant diversification of the student body. For the first time, the law school was positioned to embrace gender and ethnic diversity. Women were admitted, as were Tr a n sf o r m a t i o n : students from minority groups. It took some time before the law school 1920s and 1930s achieved the number of graduates that it had prior to World War I. In 1923, 16 LLB degrees were awarded, the same as in 1916. The number of law degrees thereafter rose steadily for several years, reaching 52 in Frederic J. Siedenburg, S.J., the regent of the law 1928. In subsequent years the number was school, inspired its transformation in the early 1920s.
(continued on page 33) •
The law school gained needed space when it moved to the University building at 28 North Franklin Street at the edge of the Loop in 1926–27.
30 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 31 T ra n sf o r m ati o n : 1920s a n d 1930s
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In 1923 and again in 1925, additional schools. In 1924, six additional law schools rooms were acquired in the Ashland Block were approved; of this group, three were as the student body increased. By then, the part of Catholic universities (all Jesuit school controlled five large classrooms, five sponsored): Creighton, Georgetown, and St. executive offices, and a completely equipped Louis. The 1925 list comprised 14 additional law library of some 6,000 volumes. law schools. In this group were five more Catholic institutions, including two with In 1924, the law school was admitted to Jesuit affiliations: Loyola University of membership in the Association of American Chicago and Marquette. Law Schools (AALS). By the spring of 1926, the ABA and AALS In 1925, the ABA placed Loyola’s law had been able to sort out their differing school on its list of approved law schools. approaches to the supervision of law The ABA had begun to approve law schools, and in that year they produced a schools only in 1923, following the adoption list of 62 law schools, all of which met the of Standards for Legal Education by the standards of both organizations. Of that ABA in 1921. Those standards included a group, 56 were “high-entrance, full-time” minimum of two years of study in a schools, and six were “mixed” schools with college before entrance to law school separate full-time and part-time divisions; and a three-year program of full-time law among the latter was Loyola. At that time, study leading to the law degree. Loyola there were 108 additional law schools in the had adopted those requirements. United States that did not appear on that One perennially contentious issue for combined list. the ABA was the status of “mixed” or By the early part of the decade Loyola dual-division law schools—those that had three full-time faculty members in offered both full-time and part-time addition to Dean Arnold D. McMahon: legal education. The ABA had legitimate John V. McCormick, Francis J. Rooney, and concerns about the quality of some Sherman Steele. These men were to devote evening law schools, although many of a major part of their professional lives to its members demonstrated an elitist idea Loyola. Professor McCormick would serve that would preclude from law school those as dean from 1925–37 and later return as individuals who needed to hold full-time a part-time teacher until the mid-1960s; employment. These ABA discussions Professor Rooney would remain at Loyola continued to implicate Loyola and other into the mid-1950s, serving as assistant Jesuit law schools. The first list of approved dean and as law librarian and keeping the law schools in 1923 included 39 schools, school operating through most of World all of which were full-time single-division
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John V. McCormick, the law school’s third dean
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War II; and Professor Steele taught until the school closed for World War II, publishing a casebook on equity jurisprudence in 1927.
In 1925, the Law School Alumni Association began as a separate unit of the University’s general alumni association. It was organized to provide a structure to link Loyola’s law graduates to each other and to the law school. Joseph F. Elward (LLB ’15) Dean McMahon resigned to enter the practice of law and was replaced in 1925 by Professor T h e El w a r d Fa m i l y : An c h o r s McCormick. McCormick, a graduate of the o f t h e Ad j u n c t Fa c u l t y University of Wisconsin with a JD degree from the University of Chicago, was in the he law school began its life with only two private practice of law until he joined the Tfull-time faculty members, Dean William Dillon (who himself kept his hand in legal practice) faculty in 1924. and Professor Arnold McMahon. The rest of the faculty consisted of adjunct professors, originally A few years later, Dean McCormick recruited designated “lecturers.” These practitioners, both John Cushing Fitzgerald, a recent graduate lawyers and judges, taught the great bulk of the courses offered; it was not until the 1920s that of Harvard Law School, to join the full-time another full-time faculty member was hired. At no faculty of the law school. Professor Fitzgerald time in the law school’s history has it been without would turn out to be a pivotal figure in part-time faculty. the subsequent history of the law school, Some adjuncts maintain an unusually long-term spanning 30 years in which he became dean relationship with the school. One of the most and led the school through the turmoil of notable of the latter was Joseph F. Elward (LLB ’15), who taught Property from 1917–43, when World War II and into the modern era. the school began closing for World War II. Minutes of faculty meetings through the 1920s and ’30s In the 1926–27 school year, the law school consistently record his presence and his active moved out of its original home in the involvement in school affairs. Ashland Block, relocating to 28 North Adjunct faculty continue to be a vital part of the Franklin Street, where it shared the building law school, and their loyalty is exemplified in the with Loyola’s downtown Liberal Arts and person of William X. Elward (JD ’93)—the grandson of Joseph F. Elward—who has taught Evidence and Social Service schools, the Graduate School, Trial Practice at the law school since shortly after his and the School of Commerce. The law school graduation. In 2008, William X. Elward was honored used the facility every morning and several with Loyola’s St. Robert Bellarmine Award. nights a week.
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The law school shared the building at 28 North Franklin Street with other schools of Loyola.
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In that same year, the law school began in the states began to play an active role in admitting lawyers to a graduate program ensuring the quality of lawyers who served leading to a Master of Laws (LLM) degree. the public. Most of the students who enrolled held law degrees from Chicago-area law schools, In the early years of the century, a college including Notre Dame. The law school also degree was not a prerequisite for admission awarded a Juris Utriusque Doctor (JUD) at most law schools, and Loyola was degree, a classical doctoral degree; the no exception. Students were chosen on E d i t h Sp u r l o c k Sa m p s o n : curriculum included courses in Roman their perceived ability to complete the A m a ss i n g a Li s t o f “Fi r s t s ” and international law. program successfully. Encouraged by Father Siedenburg, the faculty endeavored The graduate students offered Loyola a to improve the quality of the law school’s distinct opportunity for diversity; the program and its students. Admissions degree recipients included a number of standards were strengthened in the early women and minorities. In 1927 and 1928, 1920s by requiring that entering students the first two years of the program, the law complete two years of college study prior Edith S. Sampson (LLM ’27) led a remarkable life school awarded 10 LLM degrees each, with to entering law school. Later, in the of achievement. three JUD degrees also awarded in 1927. fall of 1936, that requirement would be The number of LLM recipients dwindled raised to three years. thereafter, again probably due to the Depression. In 1933, only one was awarded, s early as 1927, an African American woman as an alternate U.S. delegate to the United Nations and that was the last. It would be more than Ahad received a degree from the law school. (U.N.) in 1950, making her the first African American Edith S. Sampson was the first woman to earn a to officially represent the United States at the U.N. a half a century until the law school again graduate degree at Loyola, and she was said to Under President Eisenhower, she was a member of offered a graduate degree in law. have been the first African American woman in the the U.S. Commission for UNESCO. In 1961 and country to earn an LLM. 1962, she became the first African American representative to NATO. Sampson went on to other pioneering Assessing student achievements. In 1947 she was appointed When Sampson was elected an associate judge assistant state’s attorney in Cook County. Two years of the Municipal Court of Cook County in 1962, achievement later, on a world tour with 26 prominent Americans, she was said to be the first African American Student achievement became a significant she was asked in India whether Negroes had woman in the country to be elected judge. In 1966, equal rights in this country; her reply, “I would she became an associate judge of the Circuit subject of discussion in this era. It was rather be a Negro in America than a citizen in any Court of Cook County, where she sat until she no longer sufficient to offer a program other land,” was said to have earned the praise of retired in 1978. to students with full-time employment Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas. As a result of this tour, President Truman appointed her She passed away in 1979. elsewhere who were looking to improve their circumstances. The ABA and the AALS had begun their efforts to improve the state The May 1920 final examination for “senior law men” of legal education, and the bar examiners in Suretyship and Partnership
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L o y o l a n s Ba t t l e Throughout the 1920s and ’30s, the t h e Ku Kl u x Kl a n faculty devoted most of its meetings to discussing individual applicants and students. Members of the part-time he Ku Klux Klan (KKK) became strong in the faculty usually joined these deliberations, T1920s, with 23,000 members in Illinois and given the limited number of full-time Indiana alone. The Klan began to increase its teachers. At the monthly meetings, either at presence in Chicago about 1921 and attracted a large number of adherents to its principles of the law school or at a Loop restaurant, the white supremacy, anti-Catholicism, and anti- faculty pored over applicant and student Semitism. Chicago’s large immigrant populations, files, continually assessing candidates’ competing for jobs and influence, were a natural William J. Campbell (LLB ’26) target for the KKK. and students’ progress and likelihood of graduation. The faculty did not hesitate to One of the most aggressive and vociferous reject applicants or dismiss students who opponents of the Klan was Patrick H. O’Donnell, W i ll i a m j . Ca m p b e ll , one of the founders of the law school. He formed were not considered able. Y o u n g e s t - e v e r Fe d e r a l Ju d g e and led the American Unity League (AUL), and he used its magazine, Tolerance, in a unique campaign At the same time, the faculty began t 35, William J. Campbell (LLB ’26, LLM ’28) was to dissuade Klan membership: he published the to recognize those students who had the youngest federal judge ever appointed names of members. While this strategy eventually A distinguished themselves in their courses. when he was named to the District Court by proved to be effective, the policy elicited lawsuits President Roosevelt in 1940. from those who claimed to have been wrongfully In 1933, some recipients of both the JD and named. Among those suing was William Wrigley, LLB degrees began to receive their degrees With ties to Chicago Catholics and then to the the millionaire founder of the chewing gum empire. cum laude, denoting the achievement of city’s Democratic politics, Campbell formed the O’Donnell, realizing that Wrigley had indeed been Young Democrats for Roosevelt in 1932 when named in error, had to issue an apology. at least a cumulative average of 90 or Roosevelt, the governor of New York, was a above, whereas an average of only 77 presidential candidate. O’Donnell recruited law students to help him in was normally required for graduation. his campaign. Among them was Joseph A. Gauer Roosevelt repaid Campbell’s efforts by naming him (JD ’25) who, according to Ellen Skerrett in her U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Illinois in 2008 history of Loyola, Born in Chicago: A History of 1938. Two years later, Campbell was named to the Chicago’s Jesuit University, “developed a reputation A changing curriculum District Court—allegedly because his prosecution for fiery anti-KKK speeches at local Catholic parishes.” strategies were too aggressive against political When McCormick assumed the deanship in interests in the city. Largely as a result of O’Donnell and the AUL, the Klan suffered a rapid demise in Chicago, and 1925, the curriculum changed immediately. Campbell was named chief judge of the District by 1925 its influence had largely disappeared For first-year, full-time students, some of Court in 1959. He twice turned down offers to the from the city. the basic courses were retained: Contracts, appellate court, preferring the lower court’s activity. He took senior status in 1970 when he turned Torts, Criminal Law (known as Crimes 65, but continued to hear cases as a senior judge until then), et al. Some previous courses throughout the rest of his life. He passed away in disappeared completely (Elementary Law 1988 at age 83. and Logic and Public Speaking, for example), and another moved into the upper-level curriculum. In their place were Real
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Joseph A. Gauer (JD ’25), a Loyola voice against the Ku Klux Klan
38 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 39 T ra n sf o r m ati o n : 1920s a n d 1930s
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Property, Personal Property, and This same tuition continued throughout the students in 1922. In 1925, that organization Common-Law Pleading. The upper-level 1930s, despite the Depression, and lasted became the Joseph McKenna Senate of curriculum was enriched with a variety until the law school closed for World War II. Delta Theta Phi legal fraternity, which of new courses, including Labor Law, had been founded in 1913. A decade later, Mortgages, Rights in Land, Future Interests, Enrollment in the school peaked in the early Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity appeared Quasi-Contracts, and others. 1930s. Aside from students in the graduate at Loyola. This national organization, program, there were 319 students enrolled evolving from its predecessor Lambda Dean McCormick also expanded the in 1931–32. By 1939–40, that number had Epsilon, had been founded in 1902. The opportunities available for law students dropped to 177. At least part of the decline Daniel Webster Chapter of the fraternity was to acquire their legal education. He began was attributed to the three-year college organized at the Chicago College of Law, a Summer School program in 1926. He requirement which had been adopted in but in 1934–35 that chapter was transferred also instituted law classes in the afternoon 1935, as well as to the greater scrutiny of as a unit to Loyola. in 1927, as well as those in the morning applicants and enrolled students that the and evening; this was another part-time faculty applied during this period. A “Junior Bar Association” was established at program providing an alternative schedule Loyola in 1929 as a unit of the Illinois State for students. In those days, students’ religious affiliations Bar Association. In 1932 it was reorganized were asked on the school’s questionnaire, to be the Student Bar Association (SBA). For While law school tuition had originally been and the results were tabulated. In 1931, a while, there was also a Student Council at $75 a year, it began the 1920s at $100 for for example, 74 percent of the students the law school, sharing student government the evening program; the new day program were Catholic, 18 percent were Protestant, responsibilities with the Junior Bar tuition was $140 a year. By 1925, tuition was and 8 percent were Jewish. By 1940, those Association. The SBA soon became the sole $180 for the “morning school” and $130 for percentages were 67 percent, 30 percent, and student governing body and has continued the evening. This gradually increased even 3 percent, respectively. to be so to the present day. further so that, by 1929, tuition was $240 for Student officers of the Class of 1927 the day program and $180 for the evening. Students at this time developed both (continued on page 43) • academic and social activities to enhance their formal legal education. In the mid- ’30s, they began writing “Current Case F i r s t Fo r a y i n t o He a l t h La w Comments,” student notes on recent cases of significance. These “Comments,” as well refiguring the law school’s modern of these subjects for lawyers was stressed in the as articles of broader scope, were published Pspecializations in health law and trial practice, promotional marketing: in the Law Corner section of Loyola the school offered a special course in Medical Jurisprudence in 1937. Personal injuries, diseases, sexual acts, and defective Quarterly, a University publication. This mental states, real and feigned, are more important provided students with the opportunity The course was taught by William C. Woodward, a in their legal relations today than ever before....More to research and publish legal commentary, physician, member of the Illinois bar, and executive than ever before, it is necessary for the lawyer to have secretary of the American Medical Association’s some understanding of medical and surgical matters and it provided practicing lawyers with bureau of legal medicine and legislation. so as to be able accurately to evaluate his client’s information on recent judicial decisions. In statement of his case, to arrange his medical evidence 1936, a Student Legal Publications Board Woodward’s course covered an introduction to in a way that will bring the best results, and to catch anatomy, physiology, and pathology and discussed was formed to oversee these publications. instantly the drift of the expert evidence given by his a broad range of medical topics. The importance own witnesses and by those for the other side so as to be able to lead it on or to combat. “The Thirteen Club of Loyola” was an Professor Sherman Steele informal organization founded by 13 law
40 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 41 T ra n sf o r m ati o n : 1920s a n d 1930s
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Fitzgerald becomes dean, addresses challenges McCormick stepped down as dean in 1937 when he was elected a judge of the Municipal Court. He was replaced by Professor Fitzgerald, said to be the youngest law dean in the country at age 34. McCormick was later elected to the Illinois Appellate Court, although he James A. Dooley (JD ’37) continued to teach part-time at the law school for decades. T h e Fi r s t Lo y o l a Also in 1937, the full-time faculty was L a w y e r t o Jo i n t h e expanded with two new hires, bringing I ll i n o i s Su p r e m e Co u r t the total number to seven, supported by a number of part-time teachers. Both of the he first graduate of the law school to serve on new hires were recent alumni of the law Tthe Supreme Court of Illinois, James A. Dooley school: John Cornelius Hayes (JD ’37) (AB ’35, JD ’37), joined the state’s highest court in 1976 and served until his death in 1978. and John J. Waldron (JD ’32). They would both eventually serve long careers at the After graduating from law school, Dooley became the “recognized dean of plaintiff personal injury law school and influence generations of trial lawyers” in Chicago. He was later to hire Philip law students. H. Corboy (JD ’49) as an associate; Corboy, then having graduated from Loyola only a year earlier The Illinois State Board of Law Examiners and serving as an assistant corporation counsel of had begun to release bar applicants’ results Chicago, was later to assume Dooley’s mantle as Chicago’s top plaintiff personal injury litigator. on the bar examination to their law schools only in 1934. For the first time, schools had During his career, Dooley took a leadership role in a factual basis for assessing their graduates’ a variety of bar associations, serving on the Board of Managers of the Chicago Bar Association, and performance. They thus had to begin to as president of the Association of Trial Lawyers of concern themselves directly with their America and the Illinois Trial Lawyers Association. own success in providing an appropriate He was named a delegate of the Illinois State Bar Association to the International Congress of legal education. Comparative Law in Paris in 1954.
In 1937 the State Board released a tabulation Among the many honors and awards he of the cumulative results of the bar exam received, Justice Dooley was awarded the Alumni Association’s Medal of Excellence in 1967 as well as from July 1934 to March 1937. Loyola’s the University’s Founders’ Day Award in 1975. results were disappointing. Dean Fitzgerald
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Dean John V. McCormick (right) turns over the reins of the law school to fourth dean John Cushing Fitzgerald.
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tradition of the legal profession. As was and ethical standards. Part-time students written about them for the law school’s also had the distractions of families, jobs, Diamond Jubilee in 1984, “both by and finances.” The ABA’s ostensible concern classroom teaching and personal example, about the quality of legal services provided they gave life and meaning to the social, to the public belied its continued elitism moral and ethical values implicated in the since, during the Great Depression, “jobs practice of the law.” and finances” were indeed of great concern to many aspiring lawyers. The ABA’s focus on dual-division schools had not disappeared. In 1937, Dean Dean Fitzgerald later noted that “urban Fitzgerald, who took a vigorous stance in evening law schools” were again (or still) in defending Loyola and similarly situated the sights of the organization. The problem, dual-division schools, attended the annual Fitzgerald told Wilson, “has not been ABA convention in Kansas City, Missouri. settled,” and the “attitude of the [ABA] on The chairman of the ABA Section of Legal this point is not clear.” He warned: “If the Education had noted that year that he found legal profession gives way to the pressure night school particularly troubling. He to limit the number of those engaged in Professor John Waldron (center) and Dean John “doubted that even a fine night school could the practice of Law the ‘urban evening law C. Fitzgerald (right) present a plaque to one of the few remaining members of the law school’s first produce the same results as full-time day schools’ will very probably be the first point graduating class, Judge Philip Sullivan of the federal district court, June 1958. school because of the lack of contact with of attack.” its students and it would have, therefore, Back at home, Dean Fitzgerald continued passed these figures on to Samuel K. little influence on their professional pride his efforts to insure that Loyola’s academic Wilson, S.J., the University president. program was as sound as possible and that Wilson, in a somber reply, urged the law its graduates were completely prepared school to better control its applicants to enter the practice as competent and (“weed out undesirables” before they were ethical professionals. At the beginning of admitted) and to improve its curriculum the 1938–39 school year, he was able to and teaching. He made his expectations tell the University president that recent clear: “I am sure that you will proceed to results on the Illinois bar examination this vigorously and that within a year or were encouraging and that the faculty two the results will be evident.” unanimously believed that the entering Dean Fitzgerald and his faculty colleagues day division class that fall was “far superior determined to transform the law school, in quality” to those of recent years. Over building on the attention to academic the next two years, Loyola graduates’ quality they had pursued in recent years. Ulysses Keys (LLB ’36) and his partner, Evelyn C. performance on the bar examination did McIntyre (JD ’36), won the Brandeis Competition The law school’s diversity in the 1920s and ’30s is reflected in Chung-Yi Miao (JD ’27) They emphasized the history and the in 1935–36. increase substantially. (top), Kyu Hong Chyun (JD ’35, bottom left), and Venancio Frando (LLM ’28).
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One problem Dean Fitzgerald was not extremely demanding of the students. Each able to resolve successfully was that of the June, full-time students undertook more law school’s facilities. The quarters in the than 30 hours of examinations covering Franklin Street building were inadequate. all of their course work for the year, and As early as July 1935, the law school’s regent, they received a single, comprehensive grade John P. Noonan, S.J., referred to this matter for that year. The system worked well; in in a letter to the University president saying time, as was noted for the school’s 75th that “our physical set-up is very nearly the anniversary, “the legal community came to worst of all the Association [of American recognize that a Loyola law degree really did Law Schools] in the country.” Some mean something special.” improvements were made to the existing building for the law school, but no broader The new emphasis on student achievement steps were taken. In early 1939, Fitzgerald prompted the law school to promote and made a plea to the University to rent space recognize student scholarship. In 1938, for the law school on the vacant third floor two graduation awards were established. of the Morton Building at Washington and One, named the Chief Justice Roger G. Wells streets. Even though the space was Taney Scholarship Award, recognized the bargained down to 75 cents a square foot, graduating senior who had achieved the the total annual expense for the space highest cumulative average in the day would be close to $15,000. As a result, the division. The other, named the Chief Justice Board of Trustees rejected the proposal, and Edward D. White Scholarship Award, the law school continued to operate in its recognized the graduating senior who had existing facilities. achieved the highest cumulative average in the evening division. In 1940, the law school established the Judge John V. McCormick The dawn of a new era Scholarship Award, presented to the graduating senior who had attained the Hoping to prove the merits of a dual- highest average in the day division during division school to the ABA and driven by his or her first year. personal conviction, Dean Fitzgerald and his faculty adopted a rigorous curriculum, The system of comprehensive exams was no longer local in focus, designed to assure established in 1939. Unfortunately, it had that every Loyola law graduate would be little opportunity to mature into a Loyola prepared to practice with distinction in any tradition at that time. Storm clouds were jurisdiction “where the Anglo-American already developing over Europe. The coming system of law is in effect.” conflict was to have a profound impact on
the law school. n Professor John C. Hayes (far left) and Dean John C. Fitzgerald (second from left) join They instituted a comprehensive law graduates for Delta Theta Phi’s day of golf in the summer of 1940. examination system that proved to be
46 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 47 T ra n sf o r m ati o n : 1920s a n d 1930s 1920s a n d 1930s
Dennis Burns, S.J. (center), regent of the law school, with William L. Lamey, who became the law school’s sixth student competitors (left to right) John Loser, Everett Dodd, dean, was a third-year student in 1938 when he Austin Rigney, Austin Doyle, and Joseph Bernstein in the participated in the Brandeis Competition. 1934–35 Brandeis Competition
T h e Br a n d e i s La w Students competed within their own club initially, then eventually against other clubs. The C l u b Co m p e t i t i o n final two clubs each year competed against each other at the final senior argument and were eligible rom the start, Loyola committed itself to giving to represent Loyola in the Illinois Moot Court Fstudents both a solid academic grounding in Competition the following year (and later in the the law and the opportunity to acquire practice nationwide competition sponsored by the ABA). skills—a tradition that continues today. The Practice Court, providing both trial and appellate experience Arguments took place throughout the first for the students, had been an integral part of the semester, with the final round of the competition law school from its founding. in the spring. The judges of the competition were judges of the Illinois Supreme and Appellate Courts In 1933, Professor (later Dean) John C. Fitzgerald, in the final round, as well as other judges and with the assistance of that year’s senior class, lawyers in all the preliminary rounds. organized the Brandeis Law Club Competition to give students direct experience in researching, Reflecting mores of the times, the contemporary writing, and arguing appellate cases. In order brochure from the competition’s final round, to make the project as practical as possible, the describing the program, speaks of the “men” administration of the program was turned over who serve on the Brandeis board to supervise it to the students themselves. and of the “men” in the various clubs. Yet Evelyn C. McIntyre was one of the two students on the The competition was named after Justice Louis winning Sherman Steele Club in 1935–36, and D. Brandeis of the U.S. Supreme Court, who had one of the students on the 1938–39 winning team authorized the use of his name. was Eva M. Charles. So, even if not reflected in the official language of the time, women could The program evolved over the next few years. and did participate fully in the program. In its final phase, a small group of students were organized into law clubs in their first year. The success of McIntyre and Charles was all the Participation in the clubs continued for the more remarkable because of their partners. students’ full law school education. Each club had McIntyre’s partner was Ulysses Keys, one of the a name—the Blackstone Club, the Butler Club, the few African American students at that time. Cardozo Club, the Frederic R. De Young Club, the Charles’s partner was William Lamey, who Holmes Club, the Lord Holt Club, the Lord Reading would join the faculty and later become the Club, the Sherman Steele Club (named after the dean of the law school. faculty member), and the Wilson Club. Brandeis competitor Joseph W. Bernstein (LLB ’35) with the panel of judges
48 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 49 Ch a p t e r 4
ven before Pearl Harbor, the specter September and that all senior law students of another world war was looming of the Class of 1942 be deferred until after o r l d a r E large for the United States. Anti-war the March 1942 bar examination. W W II sentiments were prevalent in this country, and the popular press made European At the start of the 1941–42 school year, events seem far away. But public opinion however, the impact of the war had become began to acknowledge the serious nature clear: total enrollment had fallen over 26 of the conflicts in Europe and to swing percent (from 152 to 112), and first-year toward this country’s taking steps to endure enrollment had declined 31.5 percent (from a foreign war. Congress passed the Selective 54 to 37). At another meeting two days Training and Service Act, which became law later, the faculty agreed to study a proposal on September 16, 1940—establishing the to forward the faculty’s copies of advance country’s first peacetime draft. Men aged sheets, preliminary versions of significant 21–35 were obliged to register; they might judicial decisions, to Loyola’s graduates in be called up for active duty for 12 months of military service to help maintain their legal training and service. knowledge in preparation for the eventual completion of their legal education. The new conscription law engendered considerable discussion at the law school The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, in the 1940–41 school year. The 1941, altered the situation dramatically. overwhelming majority of Loyola’s law In June 1942, Dean Fitzgerald authored a students, like those at other schools, were note published in the Loyola Alumni News. still male. By the end of that school year, In it, he thoughtfully outlined the impact Dean John C. Fitzgerald reported to the of the war on the law school and carefully faculty that, at a meeting of some 20 law made the alumni aware of its implications school deans with the president of the for the future of the school: AALS, “the consensus of opinion was that law school enrollment would drop 50 Law, in a sense, is a substitute for war and percent and that there would be almost this is reflected in the sharply diminishing no incoming freshmen.” student enrollment in the law schools of the United States....War will very probably reduce Dean Fitzgerald also reported that the enrollment to a point where continuation Illinois Selective Service Board had of such support will not be justified when recommended to local boards that they considered in relation to the few students to defer all law students graduating in June be benefitted thereby. 1941 until after the bar examination in
Dean John C. Fitzgerald: “The Law School will not...reduce (continued on page 52) • standards in a futile attempt to blind itself to the fact that prospective law students are in an age bracket now relied upon by this Nation in its struggle for existence. If this policy ultimately leads to the suspension of the Law School…it will be, in the midst of a world revolution, a mild sacrifice to principle.”
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effort. Dean Fitzgerald became a member of the attorney general’s Alien Enemy Hearing Board as early as December 1941.
No new students were admitted for 1942 or thereafter. Professor Francis J. Rooney assumed responsibility for a large portion of the classroom teaching for the few students who remained. When those students graduated in June 1944, the law school suspended its operation, with no assurance that it would ever reopen.
The war in Europe ended in May 1945, the war in the Pacific not until August. As the war wound down, Dean Fitzgerald immediately began an effort to revive the law school. Disappointed that the school would not operate in the 1945–46 year, he wrote to James T. Hussey, S.J., the president
The June 1942 issue of Loyola Alumni News of Loyola, on September 28, 1945: reported on “The Law School in the War.” Although little damage may have resulted from not reopening the school this September, The Law School faculty and the University not to reopen in February or at least to are determined not to deviate from those announce in the near future that classes will academic standards which are necessary to resume next September, would be subject maintain the value of a Loyola Law degree.... to but one interpretation....Unnecessary If this policy ultimately leads to the suspension delay from V-J Day on will be, of course, of the Law School for the duration of the war, progressively damaging. it will be, in the midst of a world revolution, a mild sacrifice to principle. Fitzgerald went on to lobby the president not only for the reopening of the school but The admission of new students was stopped also for its appropriate funding, presumably after Pearl Harbor, but classes continued for recalling the inadequacy of the Franklin those who were already enrolled. Faculty as Assistant Dean Francis J. Rooney wrote to Loyola President Joseph Egan, S.J., in 1943 Street facility. He reminded the president on behalf of the faculty with an assessment of what the school had achieved in its first 35 years. The school was about to close during the war. well as students left to contribute to the war of the unique quality of the legal education
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that Loyola, unlike its competitors, ultimate sovereignty of God leads to provided: “an insight into those principles of freedom; that the ultimate sovereignty of jurisprudence which today are being put to man leads to slavery. the test on an international scale, principles which they are unlikely to encounter— These words not only echoed the perennial except by facetious reference—in some of discussion within the law school community the competing institutions.” about the purpose of a legal education within a Catholic-oriented university. The University acceded to his pleas, and the They also had a particular resonance for law school reopened in September 1946. an audience that had just survived years of war and sacrifice, brought about by In the November 1946 Dean’s Report to totalitarian governments which extolled the Alumni, Fitzgerald, who had resumed the sovereignty of a leader over moral the deanship with the reopening of the principles. The enormity of the Holocaust law school, explicated the reasons for the was beginning to be fully comprehended reactivation of the school: as evidence from the death camps surfaced The most compelling reason for the reopening (and the horrors of the Soviet system were of the School may be stated very simply. yet to be appreciated). Dean Fitzgerald’s There was persuasive evidence of the words presumably had a powerful impact worthwhileness of reopening a school whose on their readers. n purpose is to provide a legal education based upon the principles of the natural law.
The School has many objectives common to all worthy law schools; it has one objective common to few: to offer to students the opportunity of studying law in an institution whose every activity is guided by the natural law. The concepts of limited State sovereignty and of inherent personal rights are not mere empty phrases to its faculty and its students. There is, fortunately, increasing recognition of today’s urgent need for law schools so guided....The School intends by every effort Class of 1942 to meet that challenge, for it believes that the
54 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 55 W o r l d War II
D e a n Jo h n Cu s h i n g F i t z g e r a l d
ohn Cushing Fitzgerald was a remarkable man Jwho shaped the destiny of Loyola’s law school throughout the middle of the 20th century.
Born in Boston and educated at Boston College (AB ’25) and Harvard (LLB ’28), Fitzgerald was recruited to the Loyola law school faculty in 1929. He was “The school realizes that by recognition and application of to remain there for 30 years until he left in 1959 to become the deputy court administrator for Cook the natural law to the positive civil law, human society County, a position to which he was appointed by can approach the ideal and objective order intended for all human beings.” the Illinois Supreme Court. He served as dean from 1937–59, including leading the school during the —Dean John C. Fitzgerald tumultuous years of World War II. During his tenure, he vigorously struggled to secure appropriate financing for the law school from the University, to continue to raise the academic quality of the program and the qualifications and achievements of the student body, and to defend dual-division law schools (those with both day and evening divisions) within the ABA.
In 1959, Dean Fitzgerald took a two-year leave of absence to be the deputy court administrator for Cook County; he resigned as dean and faculty member two years later. He remained in public service, becoming director of the Administrative Office of Illinois Courts in 1964. Later that year he was elected to the Circuit Court, a position he held until he retired in 1976. He passed away in 1991.
Dean Fitzgerald in the classroom
56 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 57 Ch a p t e r 5
he law school reopened in September 1946, with great promise Th e Re a c t i v a t e d Tand expectation. Initially students were admitted into only the first and second years of the day division, and into the first year of the La w Sc h o o l : evening division. This arrangement allowed for a more limited faculty and curriculum, a necessity given the short notice that Dean 1940s through 1960s John C. Fitzgerald had for reestablishing the school. As those classes later advanced, the faculty and curriculum were expanded.
Through the efforts of Dean Fitzgerald, the prewar faculty was mostly reconstituted. Professors John C. Hayes, Francis J. Rooney, and John J. Waldron returned immediately. Professor John C. Hayes would later become dean. Sherman Steele had died during the war. the building, now renamed Lewis Towers, Only James Howell chose not to return, and gave the first nine floors of it to Loyola electing to stay in practice. William L. Lamey University, with the ICCW remaining on (JD ’39) joined the faculty for the first the upper floors. time. Some of the part-time faculty, such as John A. Zvetina (JD ’24), also returned In moving out of the Loop, the law school to teaching. surrendered its easy access to law offices and the courts, but left behind the inadequate The law school was given a new home on facilities in the Franklin Street building. the ninth floor in the Tower Court building At that time, Michigan Avenue was not at Michigan Avenue and Pearson Street, the premier shopping street it was later to which had been constructed in 1927 for the become, but the area was home to a few Illinois Women’s Athletic Club. The building notable structures such as the historic Water later became the home of the Illinois Club Tower and not far from the wealthy area for Catholic Women (ICCW) but had been known as the Gold Coast. taken over by the Navy during the war. Frank J. Lewis, a local businessman, acquired
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Lewis Towers, along Chicago’s Michigan Avenue, was home to the reopened law school in 1946.
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Plea for more resources Dean Fitzgerald’s search for support was focused not only on the University. In Throughout the period of the school’s November 1945, a dinner at the revival, Dean Fitzgerald was continually Blackstone Hotel brought the school’s concerned with the University providing alumni and supporters together to help sufficient resources. His prewar experience relaunch the institution. A year later, he of the inadequate facilities in the Franklin appealed to the alumni for support now Street building fueled his desire to avoid that that the school was beginning to operate situation now, although he acknowledged again: “[The law school] is in operation. that, for several years before the war, the It has a student body. It has a faculty. It has law school had run at a deficit, which the a purpose. And it has needs. It is totally University had had to bear. without endowment.” He pleaded his case to James T. Hussey, S.J., the University president, in a long letter in September 1945. His first argument Operations of the concerned the students who chose to enroll: revived law school “Are they not entitled to what they seek: a Beginning its second life in 1946 with a sound preparation for a professional life; limited faculty and a limited curriculum, a preparation known to the community to the law school was inspected that fall by the be sound so that the doors of opportunity AALS, which later commented on the high are—on the basis of the reputation of teaching load of the faculty: the average the school—opened gladly to them....” teacher taught almost 11 class hours a His second argument raised the specter week; the “recommended load” was eight that professional regulatory bodies would hours a week. Dean Fitzgerald noted this increasingly focus in the direction of the to the president of the University in his quality of law schools and not on mere annual report in June 1947, making a clear statistics. “A university today does not but not explicit request for additional have an absolutely free choice between... faculty positions. a dynamic school, adequately equipped, happily founded on the unqualified moral The dean lamented in his report that the support of its university, intimately aware of facilities in Lewis Towers were adequate competitive needs...and, on the other hand, “but naked.” He indicated his intention to a lackadaisical enterprise casually complying raise funds from the alumni for decorations A photo annotated by a long-ago user shows the postwar law school faculty (front with minimum standards of adequacy.” both religious and law-related: “May we not row, from left): John C. Hayes, Anne Leonard, Dean John C. Fitzgerald, Francis J. Rooney, (back row, from left) James M. Forkins, Richard V. Carpenter, John J. Waldron, symbolize the legal traditions of ‘Bologna, William L. Lamey, and James B. O’Shaughnessy.
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60 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 61 T he Rea c ti vate d La w Sc h o o l : 1940s thr o u g h 1960s
T h e Po s t w a r Cl a ss e s Hollowell the first regional director of the new In 1972, he was named chief judge of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Court of Customs and Patent Appeals by President where he remained for almost 20 years. In 1992, he Nixon. When that court merged with the Court of t is difficult, more than 60 years later, to appreciate the pent-up enthusiasm that men and women gave the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Lecture at the Claims in 1982, he remained chief judge of the new Iwho had served in World War II brought back for civilian life. They sought to return to family and loved law school, speaking on “King and the Lawyers.” Federal Circuit until 1991, later serving as dean of ones and to reestablish themselves in society. To many, the G.I. Bill offered the opportunity to pursue a In that year, the Black Law Students Association John Marshall Law School in Chicago. He retired career in law. launched an annual dinner for all African American from the Air Force Reserve as a major general, alumni of the law school at which an award named having earned the Distinguished Service Medal, Loyola’s newly reborn law school welcomed this group, many of whom had started their legal education in Hollowell’s honor is presented to a graduate. the Legion of Merit, and the Distinguished Flying before the war intervened. They threw themselves into their studies and, when they graduated, into Hollowell was honored by the school with the Cross. In 1997, Congress named the Washington, the practice of law. The immediate postwar classes produced a remarkable number of graduates who Norman C. Amaker Award of Excellence in 2003. D.C., headquarters of the Federal Circuit after excelled in their endeavors and who remained loyal to their law school throughout their careers. He passed away in 2004 at age 87. him. Markey received the law school’s Medal of Excellence in 1973. He passed away in 2006. In mentioning some of the graduates of that era, it is important to articulate that these individuals are representative of a much larger group of successful professionals. It is only the limitations of space that prevent mention here of even more of them. Henry J. Hyde (JD ’49) served in the Navy during Frank J. McGarr (BA World War II after earning an ’42, LLB ’50) served on a undergraduate degree from destroyer in the Navy’s Georgetown University, Pacific Fleet after earning Bernard J. Beazley (LLB Lawyers Association and chair of the ABA Section where he played basketball his Loyola undergraduate ’50) dropped out of high of Litigation. The National Law Journal has listed on a 1943 Final Four team. degree. After the war, he school to enlist in the Corboy among the top 100 influential lawyers in He began his political taught English at Loyola Army. After the war, the country since its survey began in 1985; he is career in 1967 when he was while earning his law eager to finish his education one of only 13 lawyers nationwide to hold that elected to the Illinois House degree; he also served as but without a college distinction. Corboy has hired and trained a host of Representatives, where he served as Republican administrative assistant to degree, he applied to of younger lawyers who have gone on to become majority leader. From 1975–2007, he represented Loyola’s president until 1952. He joined the U.S. Loyola law school and was leading practitioners. He was awarded the law the northwest suburbs of Chicago in the U.S. House attorney’s office in Chicago in 1954, while he was admitted. He eventually school’s Medal of Excellence in 1967. of Representatives, chairing the House Judiciary teaching part-time at the law school. He served as became general counsel Committee and the House International Relations first assistant U.S. attorney from 1955–58 and later and senior vice president of Dentsply International, Committee. The former role placed him in the as first assistant Illinois attorney general until he and was awarded the law school’s Medal of spotlight as he served as the lead House “manager” was appointed to the District Court in 1970. McGarr Excellence in 2006. Donald L. Hollowell during the impeachment of President Clinton. became chief judge of that court in 1981, later (JD ’51) was one of the Hyde received the law school’s Medal of Excellence serving as senior judge. During his career, he was preeminent civil rights in 1974. He also received the Presidential Medal vice president of the Chicago Crime Commission lawyers in the South. He of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian honor. He and president of the Chicago chapter of the Federal Philip H. Corboy (JD attended Lane College in passed away in 2007. Bar Association. He received the law school’s Medal cum laude ’49) founded Jackson, Tennessee, where of Excellence in 1964. the law firm now known he was class president and as Corboy and Demetrio, starting quarterback on the and is a nationally known football team. During World Howard T. Markey (LLB trial lawyer influential in War II, he rose to the rank cum laude ’49) served in establishing the modern of captain in a segregated army. After the war, the U.S. Army Air Forces plaintiffs’ personal injury Hollowell returned to college, graduated magna during World War II as a test bar. Corboy was the first cum laude, and earned his Loyola JD. He moved to pilot, then as a lieutenant personal injury lawyer Atlanta, where he became a participant in the civil colonel in the new U.S. Air to be elected president of the Chicago Bar rights movement and was involved in two major Force Reserve. He earned Association, and among the first personal injury cases in Georgia: the integration of Atlanta’s public his undergraduate and lawyers in the country to win a million-dollar jury schools and the integration of the University of law degrees at Loyola in verdict. He has been president of the Illinois Trial Georgia. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed an accelerated program.
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Paris, and Salamanca’ on our walls as well as Tuition at the reopened school was set at impart them in the classrooms?” $300 a year for the day school and $225 for the evening. Dean Fitzgerald noted the difficulty for the first-year students in “the absence of By the second year of the school’s upperclassmen, from whom, under normal operation, with the first student class conditions, entering students learn proper moving into upper-level courses, James M. attitudes, methods, and habits of work.” Forkins and James B. O’Shaughnessy joined This problem would of course be rectified as the full-time faculty. Additional prewar additional classes were enrolled. part-time teachers such as former dean John V. McCormick also returned as their Dean Fitzgerald made one prediction courses reentered the curriculum. in his report that turned out to be not quite accurate, although it presaged a development in legal education that Loyola Balancing academics with would later embrace. He wrote: “[O]ne of the changes [in course content and teaching real-world experience methodology] will be the termination of the Dean Fitzgerald argued skillfully and ably to traditional casebook system after the second the University president in March 1946 that year of work and the substitution therefor of there was a great value in allowing faculty a third year consisting principally of clinical to consult in appropriate areas of law for and seminar work.” He was prophetic, since limited periods of time. This would not be a he was writing well before law schools began reversion to a mainly part-time faculty; on to experiment with legal clinics in the 1960s. the contrary, since the teacher’s “dominant interest and substantially all of his working The initial class in 1946 was composed time [would] be devoted to strictly law primarily of veterans who were returning school activity....[It] moves us in the to civilian life and their careers after the direction of improving full-time teaching interruptions of the war. To accommodate activity.” (Underlining appears in original this group, the law school offered an letter.) Dean Fitzgerald argued, correctly: accelerated year-round program that made “Effective law school teaching today requires it possible for them to graduate in two more than mere familiarity with available years. Thus the first postwar class received written materials; it requires some degree their degrees in September 1948. It was not of continuing contact with law-operation.” until 1950 that the largest graduating Eloquently he concluded: “In brief, one of classes were again those in June. the major purposes of the development is to drag a legal cadaver into a law classroom
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Professor James M. Forkins
64 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 65 T he Rea c ti vate d La w Sc h o o l : 1940s thr o u g h 1960s
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laboratory.” Dean Fitzgerald was consistent court competition for appellate advocacy in his desire for academic rigor with an skills. This was a successor to the prewar appropriate measure of real-life exposure. Brandeis Competition, without the Law Clubs. The competition was organized by The faculty slowly expanded as the students serving as “commissioners” each enrollment grew. By the late 1940s, Anne year. Winning students represented Loyola Leonard became the first woman to serve in the National Moot Court Competition. on the full-time faculty. With degrees from Professor O’Shaughnessy was also the the University of Chicago, she was initially advisor for this activity; he was later hired as a “special lecturer” on legal writing. succeeded by Professor Forkins. Professor Leonard soon joined the regular full-time faculty, where she remained until The experiment in giving students a 1955, teaching first-year courses in Legal comprehensive exam at the end of the Research and Public Law. In 1958, another school year, which had begun before World woman, Mary Jane Lynch (later Mrs. John War II, was revived. The law school took V. Coleman), joined the part-time faculty, pride in this rather unique method of also teaching Legal Research; she taught evaluating students’ learning. Students through the early 1960s, at which time did not take exams in their year-long women disappeared from the faculty list for courses throughout the regular school year, the time being. and did not receive credit for those courses. Credit and grades were based solely on the Consistent with the law school’s tradition of placing emphasis on advocacy skills, a “Litigation Clinic” was established. The clinic was not a facility with live clients but rather a program of simulations providing students with experience in pretrial, motion, and trial practice. The clinic’s program culminated each year in a day-long mock trial. The clinic was conducted by Professor O’Shaughnessy, an experienced trial lawyer. Each year students were chosen to serve as “commissioners,” organizing the litigation program. The 1957 student editorial board of “Recent Decisions” meets with their faculty At the same time, the school also advisor, Professor John C. Hayes (standing). Seated (from left): Edward A. Lehman, Jo Anne Lucey, Thomas G. Lyons, editor Frank M. Covey Jr., Theodore C. Gulino, Helen sponsored an annual intraschool moot The Law Library in Lewis Towers in the early 1950s McCabe, and Richard T. Sikes (all JD ’57).
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single comprehensive exam, which covered to recognize the student who attained the the year’s work in the courses taken. highest average in the day division during the second year. The result of all these efforts was the school’s well-deserved reputation for a Dean Fitzgerald missed no opportunity strong legal education, as a result of to articulate his philosophy of law and the faculty’s dedication and rigorous Loyola’s legal education. In a story in March academic standards. 1951 profiling the law school, he was cited as saying: “The school realizes that by recognition and application of the natural Rebuilding student life law to the positive civil law, human society The law school moved quickly to reestablish can approach the ideal and objective order student life as it had been before the intended for all human beings.” war. By January of 1947, the Student Bar Association (SBA) had been reactivated. In 1954 the SBA established a publication for New law school building students called Res Ipsa Loquitur, a weekly The facilities in Lewis Towers, which Dean one-page mimeographed newssheet. The Fitzgerald in 1947 called “adequate,” proved paper ended its run during the 1959–60 to be considerably less so, particularly as school year. the school’s enrollment increased. Within less than a decade, that home for the law While the “Current Case Comments” school proved to be “wholly too small section of the Loyola Quarterly was not and inadequate,” in the words of Martin J. revived after the war, another vehicle for McNally (JD ’26), who had been president student legal commentary was established. of the Law Alumni Association in 1952–53 In February 1949, Loyola law students began and who became the general chairman of a editing the “Recent Decisions” section of the campaign to raise funds for a new building. Illinois Bar Journal. This academic activity The ninth floor could not house the library continued for two decades. Professor Hayes and classrooms that the law school and its was the faculty advisor for the students in students needed, and the rest of the building this endeavor. was thoroughly occupied.
The academic graduation awards that The University had recently acquired the had been instituted prior to the war were five-story Career Institute building at 41 again awarded. In the meantime, a new East Pearson Street. The building, then five graduation award, the Thomas L. Owens years old, had housed several educational Scholarship Award, had been established operations. James Hussey, S.J., the University The law school’s fourth home was at 41 East Pearson Street. Just behind it was the connecting Marquette Center building, where law school classes were also later held. Lewis Towers, the law school’s postwar home, is in the background. (continued on page 70) •
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additional shelving and storage on the lower level. Other law school facilities occupied other parts of the building, although the University itself maintained some areas for uses not related to the law school. There was no courtroom at first, despite the school’s continuing emphasis on advocacy training, which remained an integral part of the curriculum. In 1958, a courtroom was constructed, dedicated to Thomas D. Nash (LLB ’09).
Leadership in transition William J. Kenealy, S.J., joins the faculty in this 1950s photo. Front row (from left): Father Kenealy, William L. Lamey, John C. Hayes, John C. Fitzgerald, Francis J. Rooney, In 1959, Dean Fitzgerald took a two-year John A. Zvetina. Back row: Vincent F. Vitullo, Frederic D. Donnelly (law librarian), Arthur M. Scheller, Jane Davis (secretary of the law school), John J. Waldron, leave of absence to become the deputy James M. Forkins, Richard V. Carpenter. court administrator for Cook County, a
Martin J. McNally (JD ’26, left) presents a check for the newly created position. John Cornelius final portion of the $250,000 cost of the new law school Hayes, who had joined the full-time faculty building, on behalf of the law alumni, to University President James F. Maguire, S.J. (seated). soon after receiving his JD cum laude from u r i s p r u d e n c e a n d e s u i t s Loyola in 1937, became acting dean during J J
president, offered to turn the building over Dean Fitzgerald’s leave of absence. In 1961, ust as a course in Logic, Philosophy, and By 1952, however, the course became a regular part to the law school if the law alumni could when Fitzgerald decided to step down JSociology had been made available to law of the curriculum when Professor Paul A. Woelfl, raise $250,000 toward the building’s cost from the deanship and from the faculty, students at the very start of the school in 1908 to S.J., a member of the University’s political science acquaint them with broader themes in the study department, was hired to teach it. He taught this Hayes became dean. Active in Catholic before the school’s 50th anniversary in 1958. of the law, after the war the law school moved to course at the law school until 1957. Jurisprudence The alumni committed themselves to do organizations throughout his life, Hayes was reinstate a comparable course. The law school took was later taught by William J. Kenealy, S.J., a leading so and undertook a pledge drive to raise elected president of the National Council advantage of being part of a Jesuit university to advocate in postwar America for civil justice and have the course taught by a Jesuit priest. desegregation, and Robert C. Hartnett, S.J. the promised funds. As a result, the law of Catholic Men in 1959. Hayes resigned school was able to move into the building the deanship in 1967 to return to full-time Within a few years of the law school’s reopening in 1954–55. Chicago’s new mayor, Richard J. teaching. Throughout his long career of after World War II, various lecturers were hired to give a course in Jurisprudence, scheduled to be teaching at Loyola, he taught primarily Daley, attended the formal dedication of the offered only in alternate years. building in October 1955. Property, Wills, and Negotiable Instruments. In 1972, he was appointed to the Illinois In addition to classrooms and offices, there Appellate Court, ironically filling the was a greatly expanded Law Library located vacancy caused by the retirement of former on the third floor of the building, with dean McCormick.
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70 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 71 T he Rea c ti vate d La w Sc h o o l : 1940s thr o u g h 1960s
William L. Lamey’s “legacy to Loyola is THE MANY HUNDREDS OF LAWYERS HE HELPED TO EDUCATE. He was a great teacher and had great respect for his students.”
—Dean Charles R. Purcell, Chicago Sun-Times, Dec. 30, 1998
Dean William L. Lamey
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In 1967, Professor William L. Lamey became dean when Hayes resigned. Lamey, a 1939 graduate of Loyola’s law school, had been recruited to the faculty from private practice when the law school reopened in 1946 after World War II. He taught many courses in his long career at Loyola, including Torts, Sales, and Criminal Law, with Commercial Law being his specialty; he was one of the first to teach a course on the Uniform Commercial Code. He resigned the deanship in 1970 to return to full-time teaching.
Becoming a modern law school During the Hayes and Lamey deanships in the 1960s, the law school began to develop The Loyola Law Times marks the law school’s new home. many of its modern characteristics. In recognition that an undergraduate degree moot court competitions, became available. was now required for admission, Loyola, The most significant of these opportunities in common with other law schools in the was the birth of the Loyola Law Journal in country, decided to award only the JD, 1969, the first academic publication edited abandoning the LLB degree entirely. exclusively by Loyola law students. Professor Richard A. Michael, who had joined the The elective curriculum expanded, reflecting full-time faculty in 1967, shepherded the the increased complexity of the law and founding of this journal and served as its the beginnings of specialization in legal faculty advisor for many years. practice. As the students took advantage of these elective courses, it became more In addition to this academic journal, difficult to continue the comprehensive students undertook to produce informal exam system, which was soon abandoned in publications of news and commentary. The favor of exams in individual courses. Loyola Law Times, established in 1960, lasted A student class in the courtroom included Susan O’Meara (Getzendanner) (JD ’66, middle for about a decade. In the 1967–68 school row) and Suzanne S. Dawson (JD ’65, front row). In 1980, Getzendanner became the first woman appointed to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. At the same time, a number of new year, a newspaper called Blackacre made cocurricular activities, including various its first appearance. It lasted only one year,
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Dean John C. Hayes (left), former assistant dean Francis J. Rooney, and former deans John V. McCormick and John C. Fitzgerald in 1963
Students present their arguments in the Thomas D. Nash courtroom.
but it was to be revived in 1971. For a few was an organization of Loyola Law Wives, years in the late 1960s there was also a organized by the spouses of male students. newspaper by and for evening students, called Lex Nocturnalis. Despite the fact that the elective curriculum and cocurricular activities were expanding, Loyola’s Daniel Webster Chapter of Phi the enrollment of the school actually Alpha Delta was revived in the mid-1950s declined somewhat during the early part and continued to function at Loyola. For a of this decade. This decline was probably brief while at the end of the 1960s, a chapter a product of the low birth rates of the of a legal sorority, Kappa Beta Pi, reappeared Depression years, as well perhaps as the at Loyola; it had been established at the national shift in emphasis from subjects like law school in the 1920s. For several years at law to the sciences, induced by the Soviet the end of the ’60s and into the ’70s, there Union’s Sputnik in 1957. By the end of
The law school faculty gathers with James F. Maguire, S.J., the University president in (continued on page 79) • 1967, to celebrate the conversion of the LLB degree into a JD. Front row, from left: David E. McCracken, John J. Kinsella, S.J., Justice Robert Underwood of the Illinois Supreme Court, Father Maguire, Dean William L. Lamey. Back row, from left: Former dean John C. Fitzgerald, former dean John V. McCormick, former dean John C. Hayes, William C. Cunningham, S.J., James M. Forkins, Thomas A. Lockyear, John A. Zvetina, William F. Lemke, Robert G. Spector, Vincent F. Vitullo, Richard A. Michael, Alfred Kamin.
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R i c h a r d a . Mi c h a e l — the 1960s, however, applications began “Th e Ra m ” to increase rapidly as the Baby Boom generation began to reach law school age. In an abrupt transition, overcapacity in or over half a century, Professor Richard A. legal education became undercapacity, FMichael, affectionately known as “the RAM,” has and admissions work was transformed been one of the most charismatic teachers at the from recruiting to winnowing. law school.
He entered Loyola’s undergraduate college in the With the increasing demand for legal fall of 1951, graduating in 1955. Three years later education came greater student demand he received his JD magna cum laude from the law for higher levels of service within the school, graduating first in his class. law school. To accommodate the larger Before joining the full-time faculty in 1967, numbers of students, the full-time faculty Professor Michael taught law at the University of Illinois and Loyola of New Orleans and was numbers grew from six to 13 during the chief of the Appellate Division of the Office of the decade, assisted by part-time teachers, Attorney General of Illinois. While a faculty member, former deans, professors emeriti, and he served as general counsel for Loyola and its others. The size of the Law Library and hospital for four years. the staff grew accordingly. The law school At the law school, he taught—and continues began a Placement Service to assist its to teach—Civil Procedure, as well as a number of other courses. students with finding legal positions.
While known as an excellent and caring teacher, The consequence of these developments it is not really Professor Michael’s classroom was greatly increased pressure on the performance for which he is best remembered by generations of Loyola law graduates. His booming limited space available to the school in voice and his well-known witticisms became part the 41 East Pearson Street building—an of law school legend. It is a distinct sign of genuine unfortunate legacy for the next dean. n affection for him that he has been portrayed in the Student Bar Association’s annual talent show over the years. Perhaps the most memorable of such performances of the RAM was by John J. Cullerton (JD ’74), who for years (even after his graduation) limned Professor Michael, playing opposite Lorna Propes (JD ’75) as Dean Nina S. Appel.
In 1982, Professor Michael was awarded the Francis J. Rooney/St. Thomas More Award by the law school. In 2005 he was named the Catholic Lawyer of the Year by the Catholic Lawyers Guild of Chicago.
Professor Richard A. Michael
78 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 79 Ch a p t e r 6
n 1970, Professor Charles R. Purcell (JD ’56), who had served as assistant I dean under Dean John C. Hayes and later as associate dean at the University of Missouri-Kansas City law school, was chosen as dean of the law school when Dean William L. Lamey stepped down. He inherited a school that was poised on the edge of significant growth and development, with all the problems associated with those rapid changes.
In the first half of the ’70s, Dean Purcell added a number of new full-time faculty, while at the same time broadening its
composition. While graduates of Loyola Dean Charles R. Purcell were still welcomed to the faculty, he also began to search for faculty nationally, One of the most remarkable phenomena traveling around the country to recruit of the early 1970s was the large influx prospective teachers. of women. The law school had accepted women as law students from the early 1920s, He also returned women to the faculty, after and women enrolled in significant numbers their brief appearance in prior decades. for the next decade or so. When the law Jean Appleman joined the faculty and school was reborn after World War II, there taught subjects such as Insurance Law for were few women in the immediate postwar several years. In 1973, Dean Purcell hired classes as the school struggled to satisfy the Nina S. Appel to teach Torts, Evidence, and pent-up demand from men returning from u r m o i l a n d Administrative Law; she was later to become years of military service. As women began T the first woman dean of the institution. to demand and assume new roles in society in the late 1960s, the enrollment of women Student enrollment continued to increase in law schools began to increase. Loyola significantly through the early 1970s. experienced this trend in the early 1970s. r o g r e ss The entering class in 1969 was more than P : (See the separate story, page 82.) double that of the prior year, and that trend accelerated in the early years of the next By 1970, tuition had risen to $1,500 a The 1970s to the Early 1980s decade. For the first time, the entering class year for the day division and $1,100 for was divided into two sections for its classes. the evening division.
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Women assumed a significant and lasting role in the law school in the 1970s.
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Outgrowing the facilities As a result of the surging enrollment, the building at 41 East Pearson Street became increasingly inadequate. The law school had gradually increased its presence in that building, as the University attempted to accommodate law school needs by moving
the offices and classes of other University The Committee for the Future of the Law School met for units to different quarters on the campus, three years and eventually made its recommendation that the law school needed a new building. but those modest efforts did little to address the fundamental problems. By 1973 student protests became more Susan Sher Laurel G. Bellows vigorous. The University appeared to be The Law Library expanded on the third unresponsive to the increasingly vocal floor and then also to the basement of the protests of the students and the private building, since the upper floors had not entreaties of the law school administration. been constructed to bear the weight of T h e Wo m e n o f ’74 This ferment culminated in highly too many additional books. The weight publicized public demonstrations. (See the ationwide, women started applying to endeavors. Among this group are two women concern and the limited space resulted in separate story, page 88.) Nlaw schools in great numbers by the early whose achievements are distinctive. a slow growth of the collection and had a 1970s, a result of the heightened awareness of negative impact on its use. The one elevator In response to these actions, Loyola the opportunities that were becoming available Susan Sher was a partner at Mayer, Brown and Platt President Raymond C. Baumhart, S.J., to women. and later associate general counsel and director of in the building was slow and inadequate. labor and litigation for the University of Chicago. In Students and faculty spent much time appointed a Committee for the Future of Women had been part of Loyola’s student body 1989 she joined the city’s legal department, where walking downstairs to the basement to do the Law School in 1974, which began to since the early 1920s, although their numbers she was appointed corporation counsel by Mayor dwindled later, probably a consequence of the Richard M. Daley in 1993, the first woman to hold research and study, returning frequently to meet the following year. Professors Appel, Great Depression and then World War II. When that position. She was recently vice president for classrooms and offices on upper floors. Richard Michael, and Lawrence Kalevitch the law school reopened after the war, the legal and governmental affairs and general counsel represented the law faculty’s interests on overwhelming number of students were men, for the University of Chicago Medical Center until eager to finish their education after having served she was named a White House associate counsel to this committee, which also included a in the military and aided by the G.I. Bill. Even then President Barack Obama. number of law school alumni such as Frank women were not excluded or completely absent. M. Covey Jr. (JD ’57), Frank D. Morrissey Laurel G. Bellows is a principal at Bellows and With the class that began in the fall of 1971, the Bellows. In 1992 she became president of the (JD ’58), and F. Vern Lahart (JD ’51), as number of students sharply escalated, and the Chicago Bar Association, only the second woman to well as a law student, Timothy M. Sullivan percentage of women among them also increased hold that position. She also served as president of (JD ’75). The committee was charged with significantly. That trend has continued to the the National Conference of Bar Presidents, and then present time, with women constituting a majority as the chair of the House of Delegates of the ABA studying and reporting on the current and of the entering class in recent years. from 2006–08. The ABA’s Commission on Women projected state of legal education in the in the Profession awarded her the Margaret Brent United States and therefore on the need for That entering 1971 class, which graduated in Women Lawyers of Achievement Award in 2001 for 1974, included women who went on to achieve her work in law and for paving the way for other Students in the Law Library in the mid-1970s new facilities for the law school. success in legal practice, on the bench, and in other women lawyers.
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Some in the law school community perceived the committee as an opportunity for the University to defer any significant change in law school facilities. The members of the committee, however, took their task most seriously. Chaired by John F. Langdon, the University vice president for administration, the committee members worked for several years. They examined the future of legal education in the United States, the availability of competing law schools, the optimum enrollment for Loyola’s law school, and the physical facilities that would be needed for the size and type of law school envisioned.
In the meantime, the law school continued to struggle with the 41 East Pearson Street building, which by then was given exclusively for law school use and was remodeled for its needs. The University also constructed larger and better-configured classrooms for the law school in Marquette Center, an adjoining University building east of the law school at the southwest corner of Pearson and Rush streets. Students and faculty were able to access that building
Professors Leroy J. Tornquist (left, at podium), James S. (Top) Students Kathleen S. Malloy (JD ’76) and R. Emmett Nolan (JD ’75) in the The faculty in the early 1970s included (top row, from left) William C. Cunningham, S.J., Curtin, and John L. McCormack in the faculty lounge. student lounge. (Bottom) Professor William F. Lemke. Leroy J. Tornquist, Robert G. Spector; (middle row) Thomas A. Lockyear, Lawrence Kalevitch, Donald J. Horton; (bottom row) Hugh L. Dick, John L. McCormack, Allen E. Shoenberger.
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for the new classrooms through a newly constructed lower-level passage from 41 East Pearson Street.
Development of the curriculum Throughout this turmoil, Dean Purcell deftly administered the growth of law school courses and programs. A number of new courses were added to the curriculum, reflecting the increasing specialization occurring in legal practice. Among the new offerings was the Trial Practice Program, initially offered by Professor Leroy J. Tornquist. (See the separate story, page 99.)
During this time, seniors became able to earn academic credit and gain practical experience by externing in public agency offices, under supervision, pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 711. Loyola was said to be the first law school in the city to offer students this opportunity.
Dean Murdock takes the reins In 1975, Dean Purcell stepped down from the deanship to resume full-time teaching and was replaced by Charles W. “Bud” Murdock (JD ’63), who was then on the law school faculty at Notre Dame. Before too long, he Other faculty in the early 1970s included (top) Peter R. Bonavich, (bottom left) Nina S. Appel, and Jerry E. Norton. asked Professor Appel to be his associate dean.
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Dean Charles W. “Bud” Murdock
86 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 87 T u r m o i l a n d Pr o g ress : T he 1970s t o the Ear l y 1980s
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S t u d e n t s Pr o t e s t f o r Under Dean Murdock, the law faculty grew A d e q u a t e Fac i l i t i e s appreciably, and with even greater diversity. In 1976 the law school hired its first African American teacher when Norman C. ne of the most dramatic incidents in the matter would be considered by the University’s Amaker joined the full-time faculty (see the Olaw school’s first century took place in the Board of Trustees at its June 15 meeting. separate story, page 91). In 1981 Murdock spring of 1974. The students and Corboy decided not to file the hired George Anastaplo, the prominent Students had become increasingly strident in suit until that meeting. Neither the president’s constitutional scholar and philosopher their protests to the law school administration statement nor the potential plaintiffs’ decision to who had been denied admission to the about the inadequate facilities in 41 East Pearson withhold legal action temporarily was sufficient to Street. The 1973–74 school year was marked satisfy many law students. About 30 law students Illinois bar because of his refusal to answer by public protests as well as public and private picketed the offices of the president in Lewis questions about his political affiliations, meetings with the dean. Towers, later moving the protest to the law school and who had argued his own case before building. The image of student pickets caught the Finally, near the end of that year, five students, attention of the local press. the U.S. Supreme Court. acting on behalf of the student body, drew up a complaint charging the University with Subsequent to the trustees’ meeting, Baumhart Dean Murdock also recruited a significant breach of contract, violation of the Universities appointed a “blue ribbon” committee to investigate number of women to the faculty, most Professor Francis R. “Bob” Doyle served as the law Act (prohibiting colleges and universities from the actual needs of the law school in light of librarian for 25 years. advertising facilities not actually available), the projected future of legal education in the of whom would remain at Loyola for consumer fraud, and unjust enrichment. The country. The committee’s eventual report led to successive decades. a relatively recent graduate, James J. Faught students who were ready to be plaintiffs in a legal the law school getting—for the first time—its own (JD ’76), as assistant dean. Faught has action included John J. Cullerton (JD ’74) and building, specially designed for its specific needs. One of Dean Murdock’s most lasting remained with the law school for more than Robert T. McAllister (JD ’74), outgoing president achievements came in 1979 when he hired and secretary, respectively, of the Student Bar 30 years, currently serving as associate dean Association, and representatives of the law for administration. No student, teacher, school’s three classes. Law students, including Katherine S. Janega (JD ’77), protested the school’s inadequate facilities. or staff member who has passed through What triggered headlines was the students’ Loyola in the past three decades has not retaining of Philip H. Corboy (JD ’49), one of the gotten to know Associate Dean Faught as leading trial lawyers in the city, who had been the person to whom they can take their awarded the law school’s Medal of Excellence in 1967. Corboy agreed to handle the case on behalf problems for a responsive hearing. of the students. Another of Dean Murdock’s most At the end of April, Loyola President Raymond C. significant appointments was the Baumhart, S.J., issued a statement about the future of the law school. Dean Charles Purcell also selection of Professor Francis R. “Bob” signed the statement, as did the University vice Doyle as the law librarian. The law school’s president and dean of faculties. Father Baumhart long-serving librarian, Alfred V. Kulys, stated: “The time for small plans and annual reviews is over. Loyola must make a thorough retired in 1978 after 12 years in that review of the situation and follow that with a position. Under Professor Doyle, the comprehensive commitment for the future.” Law Library grew in its collection, its staff, Baumhart explained, however, that alternatives were few and mostly expensive; he said, “The Professor George Anastaplo and its services for the students. construction of a new building in the vicinity of the present one, whether as a library or an entirely new Law School, would require resources that at (continued on page 90) • present cannot be foreseen.” He indicated that the
88 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 89 T u r m o i l a n d Pr o g ress : T he 1970s t o the Ear l y 1980s
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During Murdock’s deanship, the curriculum N o r m a n C . Am a k e r , continued to develop dramatically, adding C i v i l Ri g h t s Le a d e r a remarkable range of new courses and seminars. For the first time, courses such as Law and Medicine and Juvenile Law appeared; those particular courses presaged the later expansion of those areas of law into complete curricula and distinct programs. Dean Murdock supported the experiment of a summer program at the University’s campus in Rome, Italy, which was destined to become a permanent and Professor Norman C. Amaker significant part of the curriculum. (See the separate story, page 96.)
During the Murdock years, tuition rose Professor C. Paul Rogers taught at the law school from 1977–81. from $2,380 (full time) and $1,785 (part rofessor Norman C. Amaker, a significant in Birmingham and Selma, Alabama, and he argued Pfigure in the civil rights movement, joined scores of cases before federal and state trial and time) in 1976–77 to $5,600 and $4,200, recommendation. The University acquired the law faculty in 1976, and taught until his appellate courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court. respectively, in 1983 as the country dealt land at the southeast corner of State and untimely death in January 2000. He taught As a footnote to history, Professor Amaker served courses in Civil Rights, Civil Procedure, Federal as the brave courier who brought out to the world with double-digit inflation and oil shortages. Pearson streets, then a rather marginal Jurisdiction, and Constitutional Law. He was the Dr. King’s famous essay on law and justice, “Letter neighborhood. The prominent architectural author of Civil Liberties and Civil Rights (revised from a Birmingham Jail.” firm of Graham, Anderson, Probst & White edition, 1967) and the widely read Civil Rights Professor Amaker never failed to honor the Law school gets its was hired to design the new building. and the Reagan Administration (1988), as well as several law review articles. memory of Dr. King, with whom he shared a own building birthday (January 15). Amaker was instrumental Dean Murdock was active in pursuing all Having earned his BA degree cum laude in in establishing the law school’s annual Dr. Martin The Committee for the Future of the Law aspects of the construction project. Ground 1956 from Amherst and his JD degree in 1959 Luther King, Jr. Lecture Series in 1986, the year School produced its final report in 1977. was broken in June 1978, and the structure at Columbia, Amaker was hired by Thurgood that Dr. King’s birthday became a national holiday. Having carefully scrutinized many options, Marshall (later to be Justice of the U.S. Supreme Amaker delivered the first lecture in that series, was topped out in December of that year. Court) to work for the National Association for the “Martin Luther King, The Law, and Lawyers.” In 1993, the committee unanimously recommended Construction continued through 1979. Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Legal he again delivered the King lecture, presenting “If that the University construct a new building Defense & Educational Fund. He spent a decade Martin Luther King, Jr. Were Alive...(What Would for the law school. This “would result in a Foster McGaw, founder of the American there, serving both as staff attorney and as first Martin Say?).” In 2001, Professor Drew S. Days III, assistant counsel. former solicitor general of the United States and a Hospital Supply Corporation, gave $1 self-contained law school which could be personal colleague, used the King lecture to deliver designed from its origin to meet the needs million anonymously to the funding During the civil rights movement in the 1960s, a memorial service for Professor Amaker. of the law school for the indefinite future....” campaign for the building, which cost about Professor Amaker was a lawyer for the plaintiffs in numerous civil rights cases challenging After his death, Amaker was honored by the City $5 million. In return, McGaw asked that racial discrimination in public schools, public of Chicago: Mayor Richard M. Daley proclaimed After some reluctance, the University’s the new building be named for James F. accommodations, jury selection, voting, capital January 15, 2001, to be Norman C. Amaker Day. Board of Trustees accepted the committee’s Maguire, S.J., who had been president of the punishment, and employment. He represented The House of Representatives of the State of Illinois thousands of protest demonstrators across the issued a proclamation on his behalf. South, including the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (continued on page 93) •
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University from 1955–70 and who remained intention to maintain the total number of its chancellor. students at about 600, down from the recent 650–700, rather than raising enrollment to Maguire Hall was sufficiently completed by help finance the new building. the end of 1979. Over the Christmas break, the 80,000 volumes of the Law Library were moved into the new structure. The Student activities blossom first classes were held there in January 1980, and the administration and faculty Opportunities for students to acquire moved in during February. The final training in professional skills had been a phases of construction continued for a hallmark of the law school from its start and while thereafter. The building was formally had continued, in various forms, throughout dedicated in May 1980. the school’s history. The first-year legal writing experience was explicitly divided For the first time in its history, the law into two semesters focusing on different Raymond C. Baumhart, S.J., University president (left), and school was the sole occupant of a structure skills—legal research in the fall and appellate Dean Charles W. “Bud” Murdock sign the final beam for Maguire Hall at its topping-out ceremony in December 1978. that had been planned and constructed for moot court in the spring. The current the specific needs of its educational mission and which housed all of its operations— classrooms, offices, Law Library, student study areas, and the like, with the sole exception of its legal clinic. The 60,000 square feet was more than double the space available in the previous law school building. The courtroom, with its state-of- the-art facilities and equipment, was named the Robert J. Corboy Courtroom, thanks to the generosity of Philip H. Corboy (JD ’49). The 125-seat auditorium was named for William T. O’Donnell.
Despite the euphoria that greeted the new building, it was generally recognized that budget constraints had resulted in a building that would be sufficient for the law school for only a limited time. Dean Robert W. Cushing (JD ’80) (left), the Student Bar Association (SBA) president, inaugurates the new ping-pong table in the Murdock made clear to the University his SBA office, fulfilling a long-held goal of the students.
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Mayor Michael A. Bilandic was the principal speaker at Maguire Hall rises at State and Pearson the groundbreaking for Maguire Hall in June 1978. streets in the late 1970s.
92 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 93 T u r m o i l a n d Pr o g ress : T he 1970s t o the Ear l y 1980s
“Impossible dreams fulfilled! A cliche to be sure, but also an enduring theme of inspiration to all but the most cynical. The story of the Loyola School of Law is of this genre. Its plot is familiar: born to an environment long on spiritual values, but short
on material goods, beset by crisis upon crisis, THE AMBITIOUS SCHOOL PERSEVERES AND, IN THE END, IT TRIUMPHS OVER ALL ADVERSITY.”
—Brochure of the Diamond Jubilee, May 1, 1984
In 1980, Maguire Hall became the law school’s fifth home—the first building constructed specifically to house the law school.
94 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 95 (continued from page 93)
format of the intraschool competition, the Students in the first summer Rome program visited Assisi with Professor Henry Rose Professor Anne-Marie Rhodes (standing, fourth from left). Appellate Advocacy Competition, began in the 1976–77 school year. As proof of S u m m e r Pr o g r a m the newly expanded role of women in the C o m m u n i t y La w Ce n t e r i n Ro m e school, the winners of the competition that B e c o m e s Fi r s t Le g a l Cl i n i c year were two women: Patricia Kuehn (JD y the early 1980s, a few law schools, recognizing he clinical legal education movement begun in the ’78) and Elizabeth Pendzich (JD ’78). Bthe importance of lawyers being able to handle the T1960s encouraged law schools to establish legal increasingly multinational interests of their clients, had clinics, both to enable students to acquire lawyering skills begun offering summer programs of legal study abroad Throughout the 1970s, new interschool under the supervision of clinical faculty and to provide to expose their students to other legal systems. competitions appeared regularly, and Loyola legal services for the poor. Professors Thomas M. Haney and Anne-Marie Rhodes chose to participate in many, including those At Loyola, Professor Diane Geraghty urged the law school suggested that the law school participate in this that tested professional skills other than the to consider establishing such a clinic and actively sought academic development by utilizing the University’s funding to bring this about. Dean Charles “Bud” Murdock traditional appellate advocacy. The ABA campus in Rome. Loyola had opened that campus in supported this effort, and in 1980 the Department of 1962 and had used it for more than two decades to sponsored a national Client Counseling Education provided the initial funding for the law school educate U.S. undergraduates during the regular school Competition; Loyola began to participate in A panel of judges for the intraschool moot court to open a clinic. In January 1981 the Loyola University year. That campus was empty during the summers, competition included (from left) Justice Mary Ann Community Law Center (LUCLC) opened its doors in a this in 1973–74, when it hosted the regional McMorrow (LLB ’53), Judge Paul Plunkett, Judge Dom Rizzi, except for occasional groups that rented its facilities. Michael Shabat (JD ’72), and Joan S. Cherry (JD ’74). storefront on North Broadway, near Loyola’s Lake Shore round. A National Mock Trial Competition Campus. Two recent law school graduates, Joann Wasem After overcoming some initial reluctance on the part began in 1975–76, and Loyola competed in (JD ’78) and David R. Hambourger (JD ’80), served as the of the University, Professors Haney and Rhodes supervising attorneys. secured approval to offer a program of law courses at this from the start. All of these competitions with students from other law schools in a the Rome campus in June of 1983. A small group of 22 provided Loyola students with the incentive professional activity, and they afforded them By 1982, the University agreed to fund the clinic. students and four faculty members ventured to Rome the opportunity to travel to other parts of Professor Henry Rose was hired as a full-time member in June. Professors Allen E. Shoenberger and William and the opportunity to develop skills that of the faculty to direct LUCLC. The clinic relocated to Braithwaite joined Haney and Rhodes on the Rome they would need in the practice of law. the country, thus exposing them to a broader space on North Sheridan Road across from the Lake faculty that summer. The students included eight from They allowed Loyola students to engage perspective on the legal profession. Shore Campus. Another law school alum, Susan K. Loyola and the rest from other law schools across the Burzawa (JD ’83), was hired to supervise law students United States and Canada. In 1971, Blackacre, the student newspaper who assisted clients with unemployment insurance cases; Burzawa had been one of LUCLC’s first students The students took classes in a variety of international that had appeared briefly in the late 1960s, while in law school. and comparative law subjects. In addition, the was revived. Within a few years, it had students and faculty took tours of Italian legal facilities In 1984, LUCLC relocated to the fifth floor of the Catholic in Rome, as well as programs highlighting Italian art become the established vehicle for student Charities building at LaSalle and Superior streets, a and culture. The group traveled to Florence, Assisi, opinion. Throughout its long run, it was location more accessible not only to law students but and Venice on the weekends. often a newspaper of actual news for the also to potential clients. That initial program proved to be highly successful law school community, although in other In 1987 Professor Theresa Ceko was hired to and, under the direction of Assistant Dean Jean years it was primarily a humorous and supervise students in family law cases. She later Gaspardo (JD ’94), the program continues today. As became the director of LUCLC when Professor Rose it enters its 27th year, the program takes pride in the critical commentary on the school, and it moved from the clinical faculty to the classroom. more than 1,200 students who have benefitted from even briefly exhibited an academic bent—all Other clinical faculty members were hired from time it. Student demand for study abroad, with the benefits depending on the vision of its editors that to time to serve the growing numbers of law students of an international dimension of a legal education, who wanted to participate. have led over the years to a great expansion of the The winners of the first intraschool moot competition year. Blackacre succeeded in lasting more when it was revived in 1977 were Patricia Kuehn (left) In January 1996, LUCLC moved into Maguire Hall, opportunities offered by the law school: the Rome and Elizabeth Pendzich (both JD ’78). than 30 years. It was not revived after the program has now been joined by additional programs occupying part of the second floor. For the first time, in London and elsewhere in Europe; Beijing, China; clinical legal education was physically incorporated into Santiago, Chile; and other countries. the main law school facility. The clinic moved to 25 East (continued on page 98) • Pearson Street in 2005 with the rest of the law school and remains an integral part of Loyola’s educational process. Loyola increasingly embraced the benefits offered by clinical legal education, and LUCLC is now one of five clinics available to its law students.
96 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 97 (continued from page 97)
2000–01 school year; by that time, news and About that same time, women law students Professors Cynthia A. Kelly (left) and Laurence B. Stanton (JD ’80) Professor James P. Carey (left) training future advocates, commentary could be dispersed through began to meet informally and within a including Ram Natarajan (JD ’04) new technologies. few years had become the Committee on T a k i n g Lo y o l a La w Women’s Issues. The group remained active A Le g a c y o f Tr a i n i n g While the Student Bar Association continued t o t h e St r e e t s for over a decade, until it was replaced in the T o p Li t i g ato r s to be the primary student organization, mid-’80s by the Women’s Law Center. This ne of the most innovative programs begun in this oyola incorporated advocacy training into its overseeing most student activities, a number became the Women’s Law Association, the Operiod was the law school’s participation in the of other organizations began to flourish in Lcurriculum from the very beginning of the law school, Street Law program. Under the leadership of Professor name currently used. with the Practice Court program in the early years, the Cynthia A. Kelly, Loyola became one of the few law the 1970s, as student enrollment increased Brandeis Law Club Competition in the 1930s, and the schools in the country to engage law students in and student interests expanded. Some of Litigation Clinic in the 1950s. teaching law to high school students. these groups were sponsored by or affiliated Emphasis on student services The modern Trial Practice Program took shape in the With the cooperation of volunteer teachers in public and with national groups of either lawyers or law 1970s when Professor Leroy J. Tornquist adopted the The dramatic expansion of enrollment private high schools, Loyola law students organize and students; others began informally as students techniques pioneered by the National Institute for Trial teach weekly classes that focus on U.S. constitutional during the 1970s compelled the law Advocacy (NITA) into the education of law students. came together in areas of their interest. structures, individual rights, and legal processes. The school to professionalize its administrative This groundbreaking effort was soon continued and law students participate in a seminar at the law school developed by Professor James P. Carey, who remains where they discuss both issues of substantive law and One of the first organizations to appear in functions further. today as the director of trial practice. He assembled a teaching methodologies. The purpose of the program the early 1970s was the Black American Law team of dedicated and highly skilled adjunct teachers The law school faculty traditionally took is not only to provide a perspective on the legal system Students Association (BALSA), later the from among the best litigators in the city. for high school students at a time in their lives when an active role in admitting new law students Black Law Students Association (BLSA), Those efforts were recognized in 1982 when Loyola was they are becoming part of the civic community; it is also in order to assure that the school was to challenge law students in their legal education by which had been founded at New York awarded the prestigious Emil Gumpert Award by the enrolling students who would be able to testing whether they have a sufficient understanding University in 1968. Loyola’s chapter was American College of Trial Lawyers for an outstanding of the legal system and whether they can communicate complete the academic program successfully program in trial advocacy. Today a large number of law established in 1971–72. schools have followed Loyola’s lead in using the NITA their knowledge to an audience of eager young people. and be competent and ethical professionals. methodology for teaching their law students. During the spring semester, the law students often assist In the 1920s and ’30s, the faculty had the high school students in conducting a mock trial as a served as a committee of the whole for this One demonstration of the success of the program’s efforts has been its student teams in the National Mock part of a citywide competition. The competition is held function, devoting its faculty meetings to at the Daley Center, with judges of the Circuit Court Trial Competition, sponsored since 1976 by the Texas of Cook County presiding over the trial and providing reviewing applications for admission. By Young Lawyers Association. By the competition’s feedback to high school participants. the 1970s or earlier, this faculty role was second year and for seven consecutive years thereafter, at least one Loyola team won the regional round and entrusted to a committee. The process A recent development in the Street Law program, both competed in the national round in Texas. In four of nationally and at Loyola, is an emphasis on Street Law was supervised for many years by Mary those eight years, both teams from the Midwest region as a pipeline program—encouraging low-income and Boland on a relatively informal basis; by the were from Loyola. A Loyola team composed of often minority students to explore law as a career. end of Murdock’s deanship, the growing Matthew S. Miller, Jeffrey A. Soble, and Robert D. Efforts in this area include field trips to courthouses and Sweeney (all JD ’96) won the national competition law schools, mentoring by minority law students, and surge in applications made this arrangement in Houston in March 1996—a remarkable feat, given bringing attorneys and judges into the classroom both untenable. The professionalization of the that Texas judges are not always comfortable with the as resources and as role models. litigation styles of Northern competitors. Judge F. Emmett Morrissey (JD ’33) was the long-serving admissions process had one negative effect: inspiration for the Law Alumni Association’s annual golf The Loyola program was directed for many years by outing. He is shown here in 1986 with law students (from it removed most of the discretion that deans Loyola continues to participate in this competition and Laurence B. Stanton (JD ’80) and is now directed by left) Jody S. MacKenzie, Denise M. Gravelyn, and Thomas previously had in determining who was many others. Its teams have won such national mock trial Mary J. Bird (JD ’87). Bird also serves as the director of C. Hofbauer (all JD ’87). competitions as the Cathy Bennett National Criminal Trial public service programs at the law school. Competition (2004) and the William W. Daniel National Mock Trial Competition (2000 and 2003). (continued on page 102) •
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Loyola students prepare to march in Chicago’s St. Patrick’s Day parade in 1979.
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Marianne Deagle, the Office of Career Services remains a vital resource for students.
End of an era Confirmation of the law school’s efforts to provide the best possible legal education for its well-qualified students was contained in a book, The Making of a Public Profession, published in 1981, which evaluated legal education based on an extensive study. The authors, Frances Zemans and Victor Rosenblum, found that Loyola law students Flapjaws, an institution for law students for decades, began as a sandwich shop on Wabash Avenue south of were quite distinctive from those at other Robert W. Cushing (JD ’80), president of the Law Alumni Pearson Street, now the site of the Loyola Law Center. Association (left), presents the St. Robert Bellarmine law schools. They wrote: Award to Terrence J. Hake (JD ’77) in 1987.
admitted; a number of successful alumni The average Loyola graduate is significantly had been the beneficiaries of that discretion. more likely to report instilling respect for the judicial process as a goal of the law By 1976, the law school had a full-time school attended than are graduates of any L o y o l a n s Pl a y Ke y Ro l e s i n Op e r a t i o n Gr e y l o r d director of placement, Clara E. Coleman. other school. In addition, on two other In earlier years, the law school provided goals, preparation for the bar examination oyola has always emphasized to its students When Sullivan stepped down as the U.S. Attorney placement information to students, if at Lthe importance of public service and the in 1981, he was replaced by another Loyola and providing the theoretical basis of the public interest. These goals of its educational graduate, Dan K. Webb (JD ’70), who vigorously all, through a designated faculty member law, Loyola graduates stand alone: they are mission were successfully illustrated in the proceeded with the matter. The probe was revealed or an administrator. During Coleman’s significantly different from both the other Operation Greylord investigation in the early by a local newspaper before the investigation was first year, at least 25 law firms, accounting 1980s, in which several graduates of the law complete, but enough evidence had been gathered “local” law schools and from all others. We school played key roles. to result in the indictment of 17 judges, 48 lawyers, firms, and government agencies came think that Loyola holds a unique place and a dozen other officials. Under Thomas P. Sullivan (LLB ’52), who at that to the law school to conduct on-campus among Chicago’s “local” law schools and interviews. Over time, the name of this time was the U.S. Attorney for the Northern District Hake was awarded the law school’s St. Robert that this is reflected in the responses of its of Illinois, the FBI began a probe of allegations Bellarmine Award in 1987 for his courageous function would change to “career services” graduates....Loyola graduates are more likely of widespread corruption in the Circuit Court of efforts. Sullivan and Webb, among the top rather than “placement,” to emphasize to have selected Loyola for reasons of prestige Cook County. Fortuitously, Terrence J. Hake (JD litigators in the United States, have also been that, while the law school would provide ’77), at that time a young lawyer, came forward the recipients of law school awards: Sullivan was Dan K. Webb (JD ’70) than graduates of other non-national law because of his perception of corruption in the given the Medal of Excellence, and Webb received assistance, information, and guidance, schools in Chicago. Whether those who select system. He offered to cooperate undercover with the St. Robert Bellarmine Award. the primary responsibility for students’ Loyola differ from those who select other the investigation, at personal expense to his professional reputation. careers was their own. Under the later local law schools, or Loyola offers a different direction of Susan VonderHeide (JD ’86), program, or a combination of both, Loyola is Carol Brown, Kathryn Gardner, Paul a special case. n Lisnek, Jody Greenspan, and the current
102 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 103 Ch a p t e r 7
n 1983, Associate Dean Nina S. Appel was named dean by the president of h e p p e l e a r s I the University, Raymond C. Baumhart, T A Y : S.J. She became the first woman dean in the law school’s history and provided 1983 to 2004 dynamic leadership for the law school for the ensuing two decades. During her term, she oversaw development in the faculty, the establishment of specialized centers and institutes, significant curriculum expansion, a renewed vibrancy in student life, enhancement of student services, and a deepened commitment to professionalism.
Throughout her deanship, Appel insured that the law school remained true to its traditional strengths—concern for the individual student, a legal education Dean Nina S. Appel (seated, left) with Associate Dean Thomas M. Haney, Manager of Law School available to as many qualified applicants as Operations Ellen O’Gallagher, and Associate Dean possible, the primacy of professionalism and James J. Faught—the team that administered the law school together for two decades. personal integrity—while at the same time propelling Loyola into a secure position in Dean Appel asked Professor Thomas the national legal education community. M. Haney to serve as her associate dean with responsibility for the faculty and Dean Appel made Loyola’s law school curriculum, and retained Assistant (later a significant part of the national legal Associate) Dean James Faught with education process. At the time of her responsibility for student-related and appointment as dean, she was one of the few administrative matters. women deans in the country, and her more than 20 years in that position secured her a role as one of the longest-serving deans. A changing faculty She served as the chair of the ABA Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the During Dean Appel’s term, the number of Bar—the national accrediting body of law full-time faculty increased moderately in schools and the coordinator of American keeping with University exigencies. The legal education—in its centennial year process of identifying potential teachers was 1992–93; she was only the second woman further professionalized, with nationwide to hold that singular position.
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The law school celebrated its diamond anniversary in 1984, soon after Nina S. Appel became its ninth dean.
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searches becoming the norm. As the H e a l t h La w curriculum deepened into emerging areas of law, the number of part-time teachers increased accordingly. Continuing Loyola’s tradition of integrating the part-time faculty into the life of the law school became an Professor Lawrence E. Singer (right), director of the established practice during this time. Beazley Institute for Health Law and Policy, with L. Edward Bryant, adjunct health law teacher, and Elissa Koch Moore (JD ’04) Legal writing and research had long been an essential part of the first-year curriculum, In 1991 Mortimer Adler (fourth from left), who developed but it was difficult to teach skills-oriented the Great Books Program, gave one of the first Law and Literature lectures. With him are Ellen O’Gallagher (second courses to large groups of students. As from left) and Professor Alice Perlin (fifth from left) with he law school’s involvement in health law teachers, as well as by visiting professors, some of enrollments soared in the 1970s, it had student administrators of the Great Books Program: Mark goes back at least to the 1930s with a course whom have come to Loyola from Ireland, South Myhra, Roy Amatore, and Thomas V. LaPrade (all JD ’91). T become necessary to turn increasingly to in Medical Jurisprudence. By the mid-1970s, Africa, Malaysia, Japan, China, and other countries. part-time faculty who could teach smaller Professor Allen E. Shoenberger was teaching Professor Lawrence E. Singer was hired in 1992 sections. One of Appel’s first acts as dean Law and Medicine. As soon as she became dean, L a w a n d Li t e r a t u r e Nina S. Appel drew upon her background as a for his expertise in private practice in health law. was to hire a full-time director of writing Torts teacher to address two concerns: the urgent He established the Center for Health Care and Sponsorship in 1994 to provide a structure for he Jesuit philosophy of education centers programs to oversee and coordinate the need for the legal and medical professions to the exploration of the legal issues involving on educating the whole person. Consistent various sections of the writing and research communicate better and for each to understand T health care institutions and their sponsorship by with that ethic, the law school has periodically the unique perspective of the other, and the religious organizations. endeavored to offer its students a broader structural transformation that the U.S. health care system was beginning to undergo as escalating perspective. The elective course on Logic, Since 2003, Singer has been the director of the costs necessitated a rethinking of the entire Philosophy, and Sociology in the very early days institute, recently renamed the Beazley Institute of the school was one example of this endeavor. provision of American health care. for Health Law and Policy as a result of the Professors John Blum generosity of Bernard J. Beazley (LLB ’50). and Mary Cosentino at A focus on law and literature was exceptionally In 1984, Dean Appel created the Center for Kelley Yaccino, now the director of Online Legal one of the early health rare when, in 1955, Charles Strubbe Jr. offered a Health Care Law with the assistance of Professor law conferences Education, has been an important part of the program of “Great Books in Law” for law students. Shoenberger. Two years later, Professor John D. Blum institute staff for 20 years. Recently the Elder Law Discussions initially focused on works of Plato, was hired as its director. Under his supervision, the Initiative, under Professor Marguerite Angelari, Aristotle, Aquinas, and Machiavelli, later covering center was renamed the Institute for Health Law. has become a part of the Beazley Institute. a broader list of readings from Thomas More to The Institute has undertaken to identify current Mark Twain. issues in health care delivery that intersect with The success of the institute’s programs can be found in the many Loyola graduates who have In the late 1980s, Professor Alice Perlin and Ellen the law, consistently focusing on the corporate and become a significant element in the health law O’Gallagher, manager of law school operations, regulatory aspects of health law. The expansion of bar. Loyola alumni can be found in the health organized a new version of a Great Books Program, the field in recent years has led the institute into law departments of all major law firms, in Chicago at first primarily for first-year students. Students and health policy issues involving access to health care. and around the country. At the same time, faculty met in small groups to discuss what insights Starting with one course in health law, offerings Loyola has benefited from the participation in its great works of literature might have for lawyers grew quickly and now include a sequenced programs—as teachers, lecturers, and advisers— dealing with the human condition. curriculum that extends over the JD program of prominent health lawyers, many of whom are Perlin and O’Gallagher secured a University grant Professor Cynthia Ho developed an extensive program as well as master’s and doctoral programs. graduates of Loyola. Among them is Mitchell in 1990 to introduce the Law and Literature in intellectual property. These programs have attracted students from J. Wiet (JD ’65), the former general counsel of Lecture, now an annual event. Judge Richard A. across the world. The Institute supplements Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Posner of the Seventh Circuit delivered the first the formal curriculum with lectures, symposia, Loyola’s program in health law remains consistently such lecture; subsequent speakers included noted (continued on page 109) • and conferences. Faculty participate regularly ranked among the top 10 such programs in the author Garry Wills and alumna Professor Debora L. in the biennial Derecho de Salud conference at country, despite increased competition as many Threedy (JD ’80). Interamerican University in Puerto Rico. other law schools establish programs in this The full-time faculty has been supplemented important area of law. by leading health law practitioners as part-time
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A Le a d i n g Vo i c e f o r C h i l d r e n a n d t h e La w
lthough Loyola offered a course on Juvenile ALaw, taught by Professor Thomas Lockyear, as early as the 1970s, it was Professor Diane Geraghty who developed the area during the next decade. When alumnus Jeffrey D. Jacobs (JD ’74) offered to partner with Dean Nina S. Appel to establish a program that would directly benefit children, Geraghty provided the vision of using legal education to improve the quality of representation for children and strengthen the institutions that serve them. Their collaboration led to the creation Professor Patrick M. McFadden joined the faculty in of the Civitas ChildLaw Center in 1993. Geraghty 1984 and taught for nearly 20 years. became the center’s director, a position she continues to hold. course so that all students would have Loyola pioneered a model three-year sequenced curriculum that offers students an opportunity a comparable educational experience. to develop the substantive knowledge, skills, Professor Alice S. Perlin was hired in 1983 and professional values essential to the effective to fill this role, and she continues in that representation of child clients. Loyola’s childlaw capacity to this day, assisted in recent years curriculum is the most extensive of those available at any law school, and it is supported by one by Professor Jennifer Brendel (JD ’94). of the most extensive library collections available to legal scholars. The program has incorporated In addition to the regular part-time faculty a multidisciplinary perspective, bringing (judges and practicing lawyers) who teach a together a variety of professionals who impact children’s welfare. specialized class each semester, Dean Appel was able to recruit several experienced Since 1993, hundreds of Loyola’s graduates have lawyers who left practice to teach full-time received specialized training in childlaw. More than 100 of those graduates, ChildLaw Fellows, have without becoming part of the normal tenure committed themselves to legal careers dedicated to process. One of the most notable of such advancing the well-being of children and families. hires under Appel was Frank M. Covey Jr. In subsequent years, the center’s initiatives (JD ’57), an exceptionally dedicated and loyal have grown to include many related activities Loyolan who served as a faculty colleague for such as the Civitas ChildLaw Clinic; the annual 14 years until he retired in 2002. Children’s Summer Institute in connection with other professional schools at Loyola; the Children’s Legal Rights Journal; the ChildLaw Policy Institute, Throughout this period, not only did directed by Professor Anita M. Weinberg (JD ’86); the faculty grow in numbers; it began to the International Children’s Rights Initiative; and reformulate its roles. Loyola’s faculty has, the Law and Education Institute, under Associate Dean Michael J. Kaufman.
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Professor Diane Geraghty holds a press conference to inaugurate the Civitas ChildLaw Center in 1993. Behind her are Jeffrey D. Jacobs (JD ’74) and Dean Nina S. Appel.
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from the beginning of the school, focused its efforts on classroom teaching. This emphasis on educating individual students, consistent with the Jesuit philosophy of concern for the individual, has produced the close student-faculty relationships that continue to characterize the school today and are responsible for much of the C e n t e r f o r Ad v o c a c y loyalty that the alumni demonstrate for the
school. The faculty has always published Professor Jane H. Locke in academic and professional journals, and has traditionally contributed to the bar and society by professional activities. During Centers and specialized Dean Appel’s tenure, the faculty began to programs expand balance more evenly its commitment to the One of the most significant and enduring Corboy Fellows express their thanks to Philip H. three areas of teaching, scholarship, and Corboy (JD ’49) for his generous support of their characteristics of Appel’s deanship was the education in trial advocacy. service, as the law school endeavored to be creation of institutes and centers to focus more recognized on the national scene. resources and attention on developing areas of law. Through her personal initiative and
leadership, she pioneered the programs uilding on Loyola’s traditional emphasis on teams win regional and national competitions in health law and child-related law that Badvocacy skills training and on the long on a regular basis. brought Loyola into the national spotlight. success of its Trial Practice Program, the law school established the Center for Advocacy in recent In 2002, Loyola established the Circle of Advocates (See the separate stories, pages 107 and 108.) years to bring together all the programs and to bring together attorneys from the city, primarily activities in this area. Loyola law graduates, who serve as mentors for law In the 1990s, with the assistance of Professor students in the advocacy program, host lectures, Jane H. Locke and others, the law school The Trial Practice Program was significantly and establish scholarships for students planning enhanced with the support of Philip H. Corboy (JD careers in advocacy. received undistributed funds from the ’49) in 1996, when the Philip H. Corboy Fellowship settlement of a class action antitrust case Program was established. The program selects An outstanding new two-story courtroom has that enabled it to establish the Institute for 10 outstanding students every year and provides recently opened in the law school’s enhanced facilities in the 25 East Pearson Street building. Consumer Antitrust Studies. The institute’s them with an intensive program of advocacy skills training. Corboy Fellows participate in interschool This courtroom will herald the second century of mission, as its name implies, was to be not mock trial competitions around the country; the Loyola’s preeminence in advocacy training. merely a think-tank on antitrust issues, but an academic institution with consumer interests as its primary focus. Professor Spencer Weber Waller was hired in 2000 to Professor Jeffrey L. Kwall joined the law school’s tax faculty in 1984 and continues to teach. be the director of the institute. Under his
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Professor James P. Carey (left), the long-serving director of the Trial Practice Program, demonstrates trial techniques to Desiree R. Furman (JD ’05, right, with paper) and other students observing and participating.
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leadership, the institute has established itself as an independent, nonpartisan academic center that plays a key role in shaping national and international policy issues.
With the law school receiving national prominence for its specialized programs in health law and child law, Dean Appel undertook to balance these initiatives with renewed emphasis on a major aspect of the Cardinal Joseph Bernardin visited with students when he lectured at the law school in 1992. law school’s core curriculum: business and tax law. This focus led to the establishment of the Business Law Center, the creation of Having earlier overseen the successful advanced degree programs in these areas, establishment of the Civitas ChildLaw and the enhancement of the JD curriculum. Center to focus attention and research on Under the direction of Professor Christian the legal problems of the nation’s youngest Professor Spencer Weber Waller directs the Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies. A. Johnson and later Professor Steven members, Dean Appel turned her attention Ramirez, the center (currently known as to an increasingly important segment of the Center for Business and Corporate U.S. society at the other end of the age Governance Law) has undertaken an active range—the elderly. With initial funding program, including cooperative ventures from alumnus John P. Goedert (JD ’40), she with Loyola’s Graduate School of Business. created the Elder Law Initiative in July 2000. Professor Marguerite Angelari was hired to the full-time clinical faculty to direct the initiative and its clinic.
Concurrent with the creation of these various institutes and centers came a renewed recognition of the central importance to the law school of its Trial Practice Program. In recognition of the role of alternative forms of dispute resolution (ADR) now commonly available, the Center for Advocacy was created to provide a common home and coordinated treatment for the law school’s many activities in all
Professor Steven Ramirez aspects of advocacy—trial, appellate, and
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Professor Christian A. Johnson was the first director of the Business Law Center.
114 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 115 T he Appe l Years : 1983 t o 2004
Students Maritza Martinez (JD ’89) and Jorge Montes Julia Wentz (standing), director of the Law Library, assists (JD ’88) in the Law Library Sarah Johnson (JD ’08) with legal research.
T h e Co r e o f Le g a l students, faculty, alumni, and other users to do appropriate research. At the same time, he added E d u c a t i o n : Th e La w Li b r a r y professional law librarians to the staff to serve all users better. he Law Library has been and remains the heart and Tsoul of legal education, even though its function During this time, computerized legal research was has changed dramatically in contemporary legal introduced, and Loyola was in the forefront of this education. From being a collection of books available innovation. The law school’s local area network (LAN) to students and others, the Law Library has evolved was the first in the University, and the Law Library was into an interactive resource with a trained professional the University’s first library to move into electronic staff able to assist all users in a digital age. research. Doyle oversaw the birth of Law School Computing Services, the functions of which continue When the law school first opened in 1908, its catalog to expand. extolled the library facilities available in Chicago as “unsurpassed,” adding that the school “has a library Doyle also oversaw the move of the Law Library out suitable for study and research at the disposal of of Maguire Hall in the mid-1990s into new quarters in its students.” It was not until the mid-1920s that a the then-new University building at 25 East Pearson separate librarian was listed in the law school catalog. Street. This move resulted in a great expansion of the library’s seating capacity, as well as space for a When the law school reopened after World War II, larger collection. students struggled for the first month without a law library, which opened later than the rest of the When Doyle retired in 2003, Julia Wentz was named school that year. Professor Francis J. Rooney assumed director of the Law Library and continues to hold the title of librarian and held the post through 1955. that position.
When Rooney left that position, Frederic D. Donnelly The Law Library is currently an interactive resource became the law librarian for the next decade. By 1961, center. Wireless Internet access is available the collection had risen from 27,000 volumes after the throughout. Even in an era when many legal war to more than 40,000 volumes. In 1966, Alfred V. materials are available online, actual books have Kulys was named law librarian. by no means disappeared. By 2007, the Law Library’s book collection had grown to more than 400,000 Francis R. “Bob” Doyle was hired by Dean Charles W. volumes, not including the wealth of information Murdock to succeed Kulys in 1978. During succeeding available through the electronic databases to years, the library coped with a budget that resulted which the library subscribes. in the collection failing to keep pace with the growth of legal materials. In the 1980s, however, with the Today the most important function of the Law active encouragement of Dean Nina S. Appel and an In 1949, the Student Bar Association presented to the Library is its service, with its professional staff guiding appropriate allocation of funds from the University, law school a statue of Thomas More, the patron saint of students, faculty, alumni, and other users in the use Doyle rebuilt the collection to a level that enabled lawyers, which still graces the Law Library. The statue is of its hard-copy and electronic resources. the work of Chicago sculptor Patricia Watters.
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ADR. Professor James P. Carey, who has wanted to gain in-depth knowledge of legal guided the Trial Practice Program for two areas that intersected their own work. In decades, is the director of the new center. response to this perceived need, Dean Appel took the initiative to create a new degree, the Master of Jurisprudence (MJ), for Graduate degree nonlawyers. The law school currently offers programs are reborn MJ programs in health law, child and family law, and business and corporate governance Loyola offered a graduate degree program law. The Institute for Health Law built on for lawyers, leading to LLM and doctoral its own SJD program for lawyers to create degrees, in the 1930s. While this program the first doctorate program for nonlawyers, was not revived when the school reopened with a Doctor of Law (DLaw) in health law following World War II, Dean Appel and policy. The clinical faculty of the law school includes (clockwise from top left) resurrected the idea in the 1980s in Theresa C. Ceko, director of the Community Law Center; Marguerite Angelari, director of the Elder Law Initiative; Daniel P. Pavlik, assistant director of the connection with the centers and institutes. As a result of all these graduate degree Federal Tax Clinic; Michael D. Novy, director of the Federal Tax Clinic; Anita M. Weinberg, director of ChildLaw Policy and Legislative Programs; and Alice The unique opportunities for JD students in programs, the law school community now Perlin, director, and Jennifer Brendel (JD ’94), assistant director, Academic these focused programs offered comparable includes not only law students, but also Support Programs. benefits to lawyers, many of whom did not lawyers and professionals who do not intend have access to such specialized curricula to become lawyers—allowing for a rich when they were in law school. As a result, dialogue among professional colleagues. LLM programs were established in health law, child and family law, tax law, and business law. These programs proved to Hands-on legal education be successful in attracting lawyers not only Formed in 1981, the Community Law from Chicago but from other parts of the Center, under the direction of Professor country and abroad. Later, the Institute for Theresa C. Ceko for the past decade, Health Law created a new doctoral program provides the law school’s primary clinical for lawyers with its Doctor of Juridical experience for law students. As a result Science (SJD) in health law and policy. of demand for more particularized It soon became clear that the specialized experience than one clinic could provide, study offered by the centers and institutes additional clinics with specific focus were was attractive not only to lawyers but also created throughout this period. to nonlawyers who dealt with legal issues The Civitas ChildLaw Clinic was and interacted with lawyers in their own established as an offshoot of the Civitas professions. Most of these individuals ChildLaw Center. Under the initial did not want to pursue a law degree; they direction of Richard T. Cozzola (JD ’80)
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the legal problems of small and/or new business enterprises.
Focusing on the increasing number of senior citizens in our society, many of whom encounter serious legal problems, Dean Appel established an Elder Law Clinic as Professors Stacey E. Platt and Bruce A. Boyer direct part of the broader Elder Law Initiative. In the Civitas ChildLaw Clinic. this clinic, students perform a variety of and currently under Professor Bruce roles on behalf of the elderly, from public A. Boyer with the assistance of Professor education to advocacy and litigation, all Stacey E. Platt, students in this clinic under the direction of Professor Angelari. undertake the direct representation of Loyola consequently begins its second children in the legal system. century with five separate legal clinics, all Students take advantage of the discussion The Law Library’s new space in the 25 areas in the Law Library’s new facilities after it East Pearson building includes an internal Dean Appel resolved to provide a of which are devoted to the twofold goals relocated to 25 East Pearson Street. Among the stairway linking the three library floors. of preparing law students to be effective group are Arthur T. Heil (JD ’96, center, facing nonlitigation clinical experience for camera) and Marie-Joelle Isidore (JD ’97, right). law students who were interested in practitioners and providing legal assistance a transactional law practice. With the to persons who could not otherwise afford assistance of the law school’s tax faculty, legal representation. a Federal Tax Clinic was established in the early 1990s to allow law students to represent clients with tax problems Outgrowing facilities…again before the Internal Revenue Service and When it was inaugurated in 1980, Maguire the Federal Tax Court. Graduates like Hall was able to satisfy the law school’s Mary Lou Boksa (JD ’89) and Patrick T. immediate needs, and for the first time it Sheehan (JD ’87) helped establish the clinic gave the school its own building designed on a sound footing. The clinic is currently and constructed specifically for its uses. under the supervision of Professors As the various programs of the law school Michael D. Novy and Daniel P. Pavlik. continued to expand, however, the facilities in the building became increasingly Similarly, Professor Joseph L. Stone, a inadequate. In the mid-1990s, the Law retired business and tax attorney at Library was moved into three floors of D’Ancona Pflaum and a former president the University building at 25 East Pearson of the Chicago Bar Association, was hired Street; the law school was then no longer in 1999 to direct the new Business Law completely housed in one facility. The two Center Clinic. The clinic focuses on
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Students at Maguire Hall are (from left) Andrew R. Turner (JD ’91), Gabriela C. Isuani (JD ’92), Susan L. Miller (JD ’92), and Mark W. Starr (JD ’91).
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floors of Maguire Hall that were vacated by the library’s departure were later remodeled into classrooms and offices. The building at 16 East Pearson Street was acquired for the Civitas ChildLaw Center.
By the early 2000s, University President Michael J. Garanzini, S.J., began exploring other space options for the law school to meet its growing needs. The law school moved to floors 13 and 14 of the 25 East Pearson building, which had previously housed the offices of the School of Business Administration; at the same time, the business school took over Maguire Hall. Law classes were held throughout the 25 East Pearson building, in classrooms shared with other schools of the University. That move Blackacre was the student newspaper for more began as Appel was leaving her deanship than 30 years. and was completed in the summer of 2005. The law school was once again housed At the same time, the student body came in the same building as its Law Library, to exhibit the diversity that parallels that although its arrangements were at that time of the nation as a whole. Loyola undertook temporary, pending completion of a long- to diversify its students in all respects— term facilities plan. gender, race, ethnicity, religion—by the early 1920s, long before other law schools did so. Now, close to nine decades later, Students reflect the tradition of welcoming all qualified national diversity applicants continues. An indication of the changing face of legal One of the most significant changes in education is the increasing representation legal education, its greatly increased cost, of women. Loyola has been in the forefront occurred during the 1980s and ’90s. In 1983 of this national trend. An indication of tuition was $5,600 a year for the full-time the success of this is that the entering class and $4,200 for the part-time division. By in fall 1985 was the last in which men the time Appel stepped down in 2004, outnumbered women. the tuition was $26,261 and $18,918, Professors Norman C. Amaker (left) and Neil G. Williams (right) welcomed Donald L. Hollowell (JD ’51) when he delivered the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Lecture in 1992. (continued on page 124) •
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respectively. This unprecedented increase journal. In the years after its founding, the in tuition in two decades reflected law school undertook publications devoted inflation in the national economy. Law to specific areas of law under the initiative school tuitions were said to increase faster of students, faculty, or the administration. than the general cost of living fueled As a result, the law school now produces a in part by the student expectation for wide variety of scholarly publications. professionalized services. The journal currently known as the A law school with limited resources like Consumer Law Review had its origins in Loyola struggles to provide financial aid 1977–78, when a group of women began for its students, although it can never publishing the Women’s Law Reporter. meet the demand. Students’ indebtedness In 1986–87 it was replaced by the Loyola at graduation skyrocketed accordingly. Quarterly of Public Issues and the Law Dean Appel agonized over the seeming and, two years later, that publication was inconsistency of educating students about replaced by the Loyola Consumer Law public service and then seeing those Reporter, the change reflecting a further Professor John M. Breen has served as the faculty advisor students graduate while burdened with broadening of focus. The current name was to the Loyola Law Journal for more than a decade. large loans to repay. adopted in 1997–98 to signal a deepening of its legal analysis of consumer-related issues. The law school has been able to make a modest contribution to this situation with In 1991–92 the Institute for Health Law grants to recent graduates who pursue began the publication of the Annals of careers in public service. Spearheaded Health Law. Similarly, the Civitas ChildLaw by Professor Henry Rose, the law school Center undertook the publication of the in 1998 began the Loan Repayment Children’s Legal Rights Journal for the ABA Assistance Program (LRAP), which, in its Center on Children and the Law in 1995–96. 11 years of existence, has awarded over half In that same year, the Public Interest Law a million dollars in financial assistance Reporter began to publish. to its graduates. Students took the initiative to begin to publish an informal journal called the Student-edited Forum of International Law in 1993–94 to provide a vehicle for student writing in this publications thrive area of law. A decade later, that informal The Loyola Law Journal, the first academic publication was reintroduced as the publication of the law school, continues Loyola University Chicago International to publish as a multifocus student-edited Law Review.
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Professor Vincent D. Rougeau taught at Professor Allen E. Shoenberger has taught Loyola from 1991–98. at Loyola since 1972.
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In the mid-’90s, the law school 2004 it began to enter the Vis (East) Moot experimented with having its students in Hong Kong, both under the guidance of edit the publications of various national Professor Margaret Moses. organizations. Graduates who were students at the time will remember The Bar Examiner of the National Conference of Bar Student organizations reflect Examiners; The Business Lawyer of the ABA growing variety of interests Section of Business Law; and The Health Since the 1920s, student-led organizations Lawyer of the ABA Health Law Forum. Professor Margaret Moses (top row, right) with students on the 2009 Vis team for Vienna: (top row, from left) have constituted an important component Amber Curl, Lauren Kraus, (bottom row, from left) Caroline Kwak (left) and Huda Krad, members of Loyola’s team, In recent years, several of the academic of the school’s cocurriculum. As student won the nationwide Tang Competition in 2007 in Las Vegas. Joseph Renick, and Michael Viglione publications have sponsored annual interests have broadened over the years, the symposia. These public events bring number of such organizations has expanded national competitions such as the h o m a s a n g o o t together scholars and practitioners each year greatly—now to almost 40. T T M Chicago Bar Association Competition, C o u r t Co m p e t i t i o n to present papers on one specific topic; those the Illinois Appellate Lawyers Competition, papers are later published in the journals. The Student Bar Association (SBA) remains the National Juvenile Law Competition, uring the 1992–93 school year, the National The Loyola Law Journal has sponsored the umbrella organization representing all Asian Pacific American Bar Association the U.S.-Canada Niagara Cup D conferences on law and religion, death and students. From its origins in the Junior Bar inaugurated a moot court competition designed Competition, and the Wagner Labor dying, and the separation of powers. The Association established in 1929, the SBA to offer law students, particularly those of Asian Law Competition. (See the separate story and Pacific descent, another opportunity to gain International Law Review has sponsored continues to coordinate student activities on the Thomas Tang Competition.) experience in appellate advocacy. Loyola did not symposia on the expansion of the European and provide social occasions for the law enter for the competition’s first two years. school community. Its annual Hunger Week Union, international migration, China, and As part of the developing trial advocacy activities in the fall, capped by the talent (or, In 1994, students on Loyola’s first team in this Africa. The Public Interest Law Reporter has program, Loyola’s team competed national competition not only won the regional as it is billed, the “no talent”) show, and the hosted symposia on immigration reform successfully in a growing number of round in Chicago but went on to win the national spring Barristers Ball remain highlights of competition. Jennifer Gong (JD ’96) and Jinah and public education. mock trial competitions. (See the separate its programming. Kim Yun (JD ’96) were not just the winning team; story, page 111.) they also had the best brief submitted, and Gong was named the best oralist. Loyola burst onto the Some student organizations focus on In recognition of the many professional national scene with this decisive victory. Participation in student particular areas of law, such as the skills that are needed by lawyers, interschool Loyola teams went on to win the national competitions multiplies competitions developed to challenge competition in 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2006, and 2007. In most of those years, Loyola Loyola’s participation in cocurricular students in these skills. Loyola continues students won the national best brief award as well activities such as interschool competitions to participate in the Client Counseling as the best oralist award. expanded dramatically during these Competition, and began to enter teams in This record is truly remarkable: a Loyola team years, and student teams brought back competitions focusing on mediation and winning 11 of the last 14 regional rounds, with both scores of trophies. Loyola’s teams in negotiation as well. In 2000, Loyola started top slots going to Loyola in seven of those years, moot court competitions were successful to compete in the Willem Vis International Professors James S. Curtin (left) and William J. Kilbridge and winning the national competition in nine of the join students at the “Jim Curtin office party,” an annual 14 years. It is rare that one school so dominates a in repeatedly winning regional and Arbitration Moot in Vienna, Austria, and in event in the 1980s. particular competition.
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A staple at fundraising events for decades has been the Mariateresa Schiappa (JD ’06) welcomes guests to “Tony and Val” show of Associate Dean James Faught and Pachanga in 2008. Professor James Carey. Joining them in 1990 were Benjamin E. Alba (JD ’83, left) and Professor Philip J. Grib, S.J. (right), assisted by students (from left) Tayebe G. Shah-Mirany, ¡PACHANGA! Irene G. Halkias, and Linda J. Parrillo (all JD ’91). International Law Society, Health Law Society, aw students spend a great deal of time studying, and Intellectual Property Society. Other groups Lexterning, editing journals, doing pro bono service, and the like. From time to time, they need bring together law students from specific to enjoy themselves. Many student organizations backgrounds, such as the Black Law Students provide social occasions for students to get together Association, Asian Pacific American Law Students in a nonlaw context: for example, the Student Bar Association, and Latino American Law Association has produced a talent show for decades, and has sponsored the formal dance known as the Students Association. Yet other groups provide Barristers Ball. opportunities based primarily on religious affiliations, such as the Catholic Lawyers Guild, One of the most successful annual social events is Pachanga, sponsored each spring for the past Jewish Law Student Association (Decalogue decade by the Latino American Law Students Society), and Muslim Law Students Association. Association (LALSA). The purpose of Pachanga is to celebrate the culture of Latin America—dance, One of the most active student groups each year music, food, customs—and to share it with the is the Public Interest Law Society (PILS). Its most entire law school community. Each year, Pachanga focuses on a different country: Brazil, Argentina, notable achievement is the annual PILS Auction, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean were featured in which raises funds to support law students in recent years. unpaid summer jobs in the public interest area.
Latino/a students were part of the law school from its first decade, even before the conscious decision to diversify the student body in the 1920s, and they The human dimension have been part of the school ever since. It wasn’t until the mid-1980s that Latino students formed an of legal education organization, originally known as HOLA (Hispanic Organization for Legal Advancement). In the next Dean Appel made it a particular focus of her decade, that group became HALSA (Hispanic administration to insure that every student was American Law Student Association) and soon LALSA. The law school has welcomed members of the U.S. Supreme Court over the years. (continued on page 130) • (Top left) Justice Antonin Scalia engaged in a spirited discussion with Professor Norman C. Amaker in 1997. (Top right) Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, then of the D.C. Court of Appeals, was welcomed to Loyola by Dean Nina S. Appel and Professor Alan Raphael in 1988. (Bottom) Justice Sandra Day O’Connor met with students on her visit in 2007, including (from left) Beata A. Leja, Beth A. Lauck, Kristina G. O’Young, Malini Rao, and Sean M. Southern (all JD ’07).
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activities in helping the underrepresented, either by full-time public service or by active pro bono work. All first-year students are required to attend the convocation, to insure that they not only appreciate the problem of the underrepresented in our society but also recognize the various ways in which lawyers can contribute to addressing that problem.
Concurrent with the administration’s Shawn Mercer-Dixon, the law school’s long-serving focus on public interest, students took coordinator of minority relations the initiative to establish the Public Interest acquainted with the complete range Law Society (PILS) and the Public Interest of lawyers’ professional responsibility. Law Reporter. Barack Obama was a state senator in Illinois when he delivered the law school’s This concern was reflected not only in the annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Lecture on January 20, 1999—10 years to the day growth and development of the legal clinics Another student-oriented focus of the before he was inaugurated as president of the United States. Speaking with him administration during this period was are students (from left) Presita R. May (JD ’00), Steven E. Skinner (JD ’01), and but also in a wide variety of activities in Kathleen P. Cronin (JD ’00). public interest. the professionalization of services for students. The admissions process was Loyola was one of five law schools across completely restructured in 1984 when the country chosen in 1988 by the Young Pamela A. Bloomquist was hired as Lawyers Section (YLS) of the ABA to director of law admission. After a quarter participate in a pilot project to deepen law of a century, she still fills that role, now students’ understanding of professionalism as assistant dean of admission and as defined by professional ethics, financial aid. lawyer competence, professional courtesy, and public service. At the end of that The offices of the Registrar, under Dora year, Loyola’s assessment was said by the M. Jacks since 1992, and Career Services, ABA/YLS to have been the best of the currently under Marianne Deagle, were also five, reflecting the effort and energy that enhanced to ensure that prospective and the law school directed to making that current students had available to them all of program successful. the services that accompany a modern law school. Dean Appel also created the position One of the most notable manifestations of of coordinator of minority relations to Dean Appel’s concern is the Public Interest serve the growing numbers of student Convocation, an annual event begun in 1989 who reflected diversity in backgrounds. at which lawyers are recognized for their Shawn Mercer-Dixon, a longtime
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Joseph R. Biden was a U.S. senator when he spoke at Loyola in 2003 as part of a clinical celebration convocation. Greeting him is John C. Gerhard IV (JD ’03).
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“When LAW, WHETHER DOMESTIC OR INTERNATIONAL, MIRRORS THE ASPIRATIONS OF SOCIETY AND CAPTURES ITS IMAGINATION, it acquires a moral and political force whose impact can rarely be predicted and often far exceeds the wildest expectations of its particular lawmaker.”
—Thomas Buergenthal, 1988
Thomas Buergenthal, then a judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, delivered the first Wing-Tat Lee Lecture in 1988. He was introduced by Associate Dean Thomas M. Haney (left).
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S.J. In 1980, under Dean Charles W. “Bud” Murdock, a Jesuit joined the law school in a new role, that of full-time chaplain. Keith Esenther, S.J., became an integral part of the law school community as a counselor, not just for Catholics, but for students, faculty, and staff from all backgrounds. Keith Esenther, S.J., was the law school’s first His role became an important component full-time chaplain. of Loyola’s identity and, when he left employee of the law school, assumed this three years later, Dean Appel ensured the role in addition to her other responsibilities; position was continued. Bro. James Zullo, her energy, enthusiasm, and personality have FSC, and currently Jerry Overbeck, S.J., made her a beloved figure in the law school have continued to make the law school administration for several decades. experience more balanced and more humane—another example of Loyola’s Dean Appel also worked with the law concern for the individual. librarian, Professor Francis R. “Bob” Doyle, to establish the Law School Computing Services. As computers came to play Study-abroad an increasingly important role in legal programs go global education, the need for professional support and assistance became a vital The summer program in Rome had proved part of law school life. successful in attracting a large number of students every year, from Loyola and other Originally overseen by Associate Dean law schools. Another summer program was Faught, the direct responsibility for student services was later transferred to Assistant Dean Jean M. Gaspardo (JD ’94), who joined the law school administration almost immediately upon her graduation.
Jesuit priests played a role in the life of the law school from its beginnings. In the latter half of the 20th century, some of them
with law degrees became members of the Students in the Rome Program in 1990 got to meet full-time faculty: William C. Cunningham, Pope John Paul II. Among them were Mary Catherine Kloempken (shaking hands) and Cheryl L. Bart S.J., John J. Kinsella, S.J., and Philip J. Grib, (both JD ’92).
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Law faculty members John J. Kinsella, S.J. (left), and Philip J. Grib, S.J., both Jesuits, at Loyola’s Lake Shore Campus
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established in 1995 to introduce students to spring break to conduct research, take tours European Union and other continental legal of courts and other legal institutions, and institutions. This program combined visits visit Chile’s famous wine-making region. to these institutions with classes in England, The cooperative program between Hurtado first at Nottingham-Trent University and and Loyola now also includes an annual later at Hertford College, Oxford. In 2008, research week at Loyola each fall by Chilean the European Legal Institutions summer law students, as well as faculty exchanges. program was converted into a one-week optional add-on to the Rome Program. Professor Geraghty has offered students The law school also experimented with a a similar spring break program abroad, small summer program in London in focused primarily on child and family law 1990 and 1991. issues. Her seminar has in various years taken students to Tanzania, India, and Recognizing that not all law students could Thailand, with the 2009 program held in
Students in the first London Advocacy Program in 1989 visited Stonehenge: (from afford to spend a month overseas in the South Africa with Professor Boyer and left) Irene Psyhogios (JD ’89), Therese Ryan (JD ’90), Professor David Evans of Reading summer, Dean Appel encouraged faculty Assistant Dean Gaspardo. University, Annette Collins (JD ’90), Gary Mueller (JD ’89), Mary E. (Beth) Baisley (JD ’90), John McKay (JD ’90), and James Giannis (’90). and staff to explore other options for study abroad. In January 1989, Associate Dean Faught began a two-week London Relations with program, which still continues, for Loyola the University students with a serious interest in advocacy. In addition to observing trials at the Old During Dean Appel’s term, the University Bailey and discussing advocacy styles experienced severe financial setbacks. As and techniques with English barristers a result, the law school’s budget shrank and judges, the group is able to conduct as Loyola struggled to adjust to the meetings at the Middle Temple, one of changing economic climate. With the the four traditional Inns of Court, where active support of and participation by the coincidentally the law school’s first dean, Board of Governors of the Law Alumni William Dillon, had been called to the Bar. Association, Appel managed to maintain the curriculum, programs, and activities In 2003, Professors Haney, Platt, and of the school through many difficult years Anne-Marie Rhodes established a close until the University was able to stabilize and relationship with the law faculty at reinvigorate itself under its new president, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, a Jesuit Father Garanzini. institution in Santiago, Chile. Since then a Comparative Law Seminar offers students During this period, some of the law school’s the opportunity to travel to Chile over their most loyal graduates proposed to Dean
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Students in the first research week in Santiago, Chile in 2003 visited the Supreme Court: (from left) John V. Cerri (JD ’05), Lema Khorshid, Katherine Borden, Christopher B. Kramer, and Maura Furey (all others JD ’04).
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Appel that the law school prepare a strategic plan to focus the school’s development. These graduates—Bernard J. Beazley (LLB ’50), Katherine S. Janega (JD ’77), and
Mitchell J. Wiet (JD ’65)—worked with Appel and the faculty on a multiyear project to create such a strategic plan. In addition to the plan, the law school community for the first time adopted a mission statement to articulate the school’s unique role.
Loyola University Chicago School of Law is a student-focused law center inspired by the Jesuit tradition of academic excellence, The 1993–94 Board of Governors included (back row, from left) Martha M. Ha (JD ’90), SBA President John J. intellectual openness, and service to others. Our Lynch (JD ’94), Katherine S. Janega (JD ’77), John C. Richards (LLB ’51), Alejandro Menchaca (JD ’89), R. Emmett mission is to educate diverse, talented students Nolan (JD ’75); (front row, from left) Edward G. Proctor (JD ’53), Daniel R. Fusco (JD ’64), Dean Nina S. Appel, John J. Hartman (JD ’85), Bertram T. Ebzery (JD ’76), and Mari R. Hatzenbuehler (JD ’86). The president of the to be responsible leaders in a rapidly changing, Law Alumni Association that year, Norma J. Sutton (JD ’80), was absent from the photo. interdependent world, to prepare graduates who will be ethical advocates for justice and the rule of law, and to contribute to a deeper understanding of law and legal institutions L a w Al u m n i Ass o c i at i o n through a commitment to research, scholarship and public service. (Adopted by the law he Law Alumni Association was created in Enrollment in Loyola’s law school is the beginning faculty, 2002) T1925, distinguishing itself from the general of a lifelong relationship. alumni association of the University. Ever Under the leadership of its officers and Board The strategic plan helped steer the law school since then, Loyola’s law graduates have been a significant part of the law school community. of Governors, the Law Alumni Association has through the last years of its first century and They have served as adjunct members of sponsored a number of activities throughout the continues to guide its development. the faculty, as guest lecturers in classes and decades—the annual F. Emmett Morrissey golf at special events, as coaches and judges of and tennis outing, the annual awards lunch, the Appel stepped down from the deanship in interschool competition teams, as advisors to “Smoker,” and others. These events have provided occasions for graduates to meet and renew their 2004 to return to full-time teaching. At that student organizations, as mentors to students, as consultants to the deans, as benefactors to the friendships with each other and with the school. time the president of the university, Father school, and in a wide variety of other capacities. Garanzini, gave her the distinctive honor of naming her dean emerita, a position created Enjoying the Morrissey golf and tennis outing to mark her enduring role in the life of the in 1985 were Karen M. Dorff (left) and Susan J. Professor Joan H. Krause (upper left) taught from 1997 to 2003, and Professor law school. n Schwartz (both JD ’80). Ruqaiijah Yearby taught from 2003 to 2008, both in health law. Professor Brett Frischmann (lower) joined the faculty in 2002.
138 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 139 Ch a p t e r 8
hen Dean Nina S. Appel stepped down in 2004, a n t o t h e W nationwide search began for I her successor. During the year of that search, Professor Diane Geraghty served as the interim dean. Ne w Ce n t u r y In 2005, Professor David Yellen, formerly the dean of Hofstra Law School, was inaugurated as the 10th dean of Loyola School of Law. He asked Professor Michael J. Kaufman to serve as the associate dean for academic affairs. James Faught continues to serve, now as the associate dean for administration.
Dean Yellen was introduced to the distinctive world of Loyola’s law school Dean David Yellen community in a unique way: when he became dean, his four immediate in classroom teaching. This renewed predecessors—Deans Charles R. Purcell, focus on scholarship as well as teaching Charles W. “Bud” Murdock, and Appel, accelerated under Dean Yellen. Interim and Interim Dean Geraghty—were all Dean Geraghty had appointed Professor still part of the full-time faculty! Spencer Weber Waller as associate dean for research to encourage and facilitate His deanship has so far been marked by faculty scholarship. Dean Yellen confirmed a remarkable number of achievements that position, now held by Professor such as endowed faculty chairs, an Margaret Moses. The result of this has increased number of faculty members, been a significantly increased output of and expanded facilities. academic publications as well as visibility of the faculty in lectures and other speaking engagements around the country and world. Faculty emphasizes research The faculty had committed itself to a In addition to the endowed chairs (see new emphasis on scholarly writing, while the separate story, page 151), a number of preserving the school’s traditional excellence younger scholars have been recruited to the full-time faculty in recent years.
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The Loyola Law Center at 25 East Pearson Street is the current home of the law school.
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A large number of visiting professors from other law schools and from practice have joined the faculty in recent years for a semester or a full academic year.
From the very start of the law school in 1908, the faculty has been augmented by men and women from the practicing bar and the bench who serve as adjunct faculty members. This continues to be true today. These adjunct faculty, many of whom Students in the 2008 Beijing summer program visited are Loyola graduates, give their time to Tiananmen Square. share their wisdom and their experience with Loyola law students, enriching the Study in China added to curriculum and the educational process in international program incalculable ways. A new summer abroad program was Mary Ann McMorrow (LLB ’53), formerly inaugurated in 2008 at the University’s new chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court, is facility in Beijing, China. A small group of now distinguished jurist in residence. More faculty and students, under the supervision recently, Richard A. Devine, the former of “Dean Jean” Gaspardo, studied aspects state’s attorney of Cook County, has joined of Chinese law and experienced firsthand the faculty as distinguished adjunct faculty. one of the fastest-growing economic powers in the world. The students had the opportunity to experience the preparations Continued commitment for the Summer Olympic games there. This to public service program is scheduled to continue in 2009 and hopefully beyond. The law school’s commitment to public service, vigorously fostered by Dean Appel, has continued to thrive. For the first time, the position of director of public service Facilities undergoing programs was created to coordinate and expansion, remodeling encourage all of the school’s various With the encouragement and support Dean David Yellen (left) with his predecessor deans (from left) Nina S. Appel, Diane programs and activities in public interest. of University President Michael J. Garanzini, Geraghty, Charles R. Purcell, and Charles W. Murdock Mary J. Bird (JD ’87), who serves as the S.J., the University building at 25 East director of the Street Law program, was Pearson Street, now renamed the Loyola hired to fill this position.
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142 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 143 I n t o the Ne w Ce n t u ry
Professor Anne-Marie Rhodes, in addition to teaching In 2004, the annual Law and Literature Lecture transformed After almost 30 years on the full-time faculty, Laura A. Caldwell (JD ’92), a distinguished scholar in residence at the law in the areas of tax and estate planning, was a cofounder into a performance, usually of scenes from a Shakespeare play, Professor Christine Cooper continues to teach school, is the well-reviewed author of several novels and other books. She of the summer program in Rome and the cooperative and a discussion. Michael Halberstam and actors from Writers’ half-time at the law school. recently initiated the Life After Innocence project, a practicum for Loyola law program in Chile. Theatre in Glencoe, Illinois, have undertaken this production students to offer guidance and legal assistance for former prisoners whose every year since then. Alumna Randy L. Berlin (JD ’91) has convictions were overturned. supported this ongoing series.
Professor Michael J. Kaufman serves as the associate Mary J. Bird (JD ’87) is director of public service programs. Professor Jerry Norton joins a discussion of the legal and Members of one of the law school’s newest student organizations, OUTLaw, dean for academic affairs while continuing to teach civil political issues surrounding the impeachment of the attended the annual Lavender Law Conference sponsored by the National procedure and other courses. governor of Illinois in January 2009. Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender (LGBT) Bar Association in San Francisco in fall 2008. Pictured (from left) are: Stephen Murphy, Jeremiah Davis, John Litchfield, Rebecca Segal, Clay Rehrig, and Adam Larson.
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Law Center, is being completely remodeled Dean Murdock in the early 1980s that for the school. The law school will eventually the law school made its first ventures occupy the sixth through 15th floors for its into providing computers for student classrooms, offices, Law Library, and other use in research and writing. Since then, operations—once again giving it complete the Law Library has incorporated online control over its own facilities. Construction databases and Web-based resources into on the first phase of this project was its expanding purview, and electronic completed in January 2009. Completion research is a fundamental part of the legal of the programmatic and office phases of research and writing program. Loyola’s the project is scheduled for 2012, with the law students now consider a laptop to be renovation of the Law Library to follow. as necessary in a classroom as a pen for taking notes, and they regularly write their final examinations on those laptops. The Embracing emerging Law School Computing Services, under the technology direction of Michael Lonero, ensures that all aspects of computers in legal education at Emerging technologies continue to Loyola operate at maximum efficiency for challenge legal education. It was under the benefits of the users.
The Beazley Institute for Health Law and Policy made a breakthrough when it recently began to offer its Master of Jurisprudence in Health Law degree for nonlawyers online. This innovative program allows students around the country (and elsewhere in the world) to take their required and elective courses wherever they are, coming to the law school in person only twice during their two years of study: once midway through for an immersion weekend, and once at the end to present their thesis and attend their commencement.
The entire law school now offers wireless access to the Internet. There are power sources at each seat in all the classrooms and The law school’s entry into the age of computers was featured in a brochure by IBM in the 1980s. throughout the study areas. The law school The newly opened ceremonial courtroom is the most dramatic achievement of the first phase of the law school’s remodeled facilities. (continued on page 148) •
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has enabled the school to endure the tumultuous events of the 20th century and to emerge as a leader in legal education, focused on the future but with keen appreciation of century-long traditions.
The law school’s first hundred years have experienced a remarkable consistency in themes and values, although those themes and values have manifested themselves in various ways, reflecting the different circumstances of each era:
• a Jesuit Catholic law school welcoming persons of all traditions and backgrounds; Recent additions to the faculty include (clockwise from top left) John • part-time students enjoying access to Bronsteen, Sacha Coupet, Stephanie M. Stern, Michael J. Zimmer, all that accompanies legal education for Alexander Tsesis, and Lea Krivinskas Shepard. full-time students;
Annually rated as one of the foremost Illinois lawyers in • a faculty of full-time members dedicated state and national surveys, Joseph A. Power (JD ’77) is also one of the law school’s most generous benefactors. to teaching and to scholarship, and drawing He has donated a seven-figure gift to establish a “Dean’s on the expertise and skills of Chicago’s legal Venture Fund” to further strategic priorities. He was awarded the law school’s Medal of Excellence in 2003, community for its adjunct members; and has served as a University trustee since 2004. • a deep and abiding commitment to the is incorporating state-of-the-art technology values of the legal profession; into the construction of its new facilities, • close relationships among all members and it anticipates that one day it will of the law school community—students, confront and address the sharing of law- faculty, staff, and graduates. related information through cell phones, iPods, and other devices not yet invented. As the law school community confidently looks forward to the future, it can look back and take great satisfaction in reviewing the Centennial celebration panorama of persons, events, activities, and in full swing occasions that have made the School of Law of Loyola University Chicago what it Dean Yellen is presiding over a year-long is today and what is likely to become in the celebration of the law school’s 100th years ahead. n anniversary. The vision of its founders
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E n d o w e d Fa c u l t y Ch a i r s Bo o s t La w Sc h o o l Pr e s t i g e
hanks to the generosity of its supporters, ChildLaw in honor of his wife. Professor Diane Tthe law school has in recent years established Geraghty was recognized for her national several distinguished academic chairs in areas prominence in the area of child law when she of law that are particularly significant for the was named to this distinguished chair. Beazley school. This growth in endowed chairs enhances has also pledged to establish a Beazley Chair in the law school’s growing reputation in serious Health Law. His contributions in this area of law academic scholarship. have resulted in the naming of the Beazley Institute for Health Law and Policy. The Wing-Tat Lee Chair in International and Comparative Law was established by Wing-Tat Lee, In early 2009, Barry Sullivan, of Jenner & Block, a Hong Kong businessman. Professor Gregory was named the inaugural holder of the Cooney Shaffer was named as the inaugural chair in 2006. & Conway Chair in Advocacy, which was established by alumni Kevin J. Conway (JD ’76), A gift from the Helen V. Brach Foundation Robert J. Cooney (JD ’78), and John D. Cooney established the Raymond and Mary Simon Chair in (JD ’79). Sullivan is a nationally prominent Constitutional Law in honor of Raymond F. Simon litigator, scholar, and teacher. (JD ’56). Professor John E. Nowak, the author of the leading casebook in constitutional law and a The director of the Business Law Center Clinic, recognized scholar in the area, was selected as the Joseph L. Stone, was recently named the Randy L. initial holder of this chair in 2008. and Melvin R. Berlin Clinical Professor of Business Law, thanks to a donation by Randy L. Berlin (JD Also in 2008, Bernard J. Beazley (LLB ’50) ’91) and her husband. established the A. Kathleen Beazley Chair in
(Clockwise from upper left) Diane Geraghty, shown with Bernard J. Beazley (LLB ’50), was installed as the A. Kathleen Beazley Chair in ChildLaw in 2008. Gregory Shaffer (second from right) was installed as the Wing-Tat Lee Chair in International and Comparative Law in 2006; with him are (from left) Dean David Yellen, Dean Bryan G. Garth of Southwestern Law School, and University Provost John P. Frendreis. Members of the law firm of Cooney and Conway, donors of the Chair in Advocacy, include (from left) Robert J. Cooney (JD ’78), John D. Cooney (JD ’79), William R. Fahey, and Kevin J. Conway (JD ’76). A new chair was named in honor of Raymond (JD ’56) and Mary Simon. John E. Nowak is the inaugural holder of the Raymond and Mary Simon Chair in Constitutional Law.
Professor Joseph L. Stone (left) with Randy L. (JD ’91) A. Kathleen and Bernard J. (LLB ’50) Beazley and Melvin R. Berlin
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L a w Gr a d u a t e s i n Go v e r n m e n t Se r v i c e
he law school has always encouraged its students and graduates to consider careers in public service. TThe school is therefore proud of the notable achievements of its graduates who serve in municipal government, the Illinois General Assembly and state government, the U.S. Congress, the judiciary, and other key governmental roles. Among those who have held significant elected and appointed service are the following. They are representative of the very many Loyola graduates in governmental positions.
Mary Ann G. McMorrow (LLB ’53, left) was the first Michael J. Madigan (JD ’67) has been the speaker Lisa M. Madigan (JD ’94) has been the attorney Daniel W. Hynes (JD ’93) is the comptroller of the woman to serve as the chief justice of the State of of the Illinois House of Representatives since 1982, general of the State of Illinois since 2002, the first State of Illinois. He was 30 years old at the time Illinois when she was elected to that office in 2002. except for a brief period of Republican control. woman to hold that office. of his election in 1998, making him the youngest She was succeeded as chief justice in 2006 by elected statewide constitutional officer in Illinois Robert R. Thomas (JD ’81). since 1942.
Philip J. Rock (JD ’64) was first elected to the Illinois John J. Cullerton (JD ’74) is the current president Neil F. Hartigan (JD ’62) was elected lieutenant Corinne J. Wood (JD ’79) was the first woman to Senate in 1970, where he served until 1993. He was of the Illinois Senate, having served in the state governor of the State of Illinois in 1972, the youngest serve as the lieutenant governor of the State of elected Senate president for seven terms. legislature since 1979. person in the nation in that office. In 1982, he was Illinois when she took office in 1999. elected Illinois attorney general, and from 2002–04 he served as a judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. He received the President’s Medal of the University from Michael J. Garanzini, S.J. (right), in 2003.
152 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 153 In d e x
16 East Pearson Street, 122 Biden, Joseph R., 131 Cherry, Joan S., 97 Davis, Jeremiah, 145 25 East Pearson Street, see also Loyola Bird, Mary J., 98, 143-144 Chicago Bar Association, 43, 62, 82, 120, 127 Dawson, Suzanne S., 74 Law Center, 2, 97, 111, 117, 120-122, 140, 143 Black Law Students Association, 63, 98, 128 Chicago Daily Tribune, 28 Days, Drew S., III, 91 28 North Franklin Street, 30, 35 Blackacre, 75, 97, 122 Chicago Evening Post, 15 Deagle, Marianne, 102, 130 41 East Pearson Street, 68-70, 79, 83, 85-86, 88 Bloomquist, Pamela A., 130 ChildLaw Fellows, 108 Decalogue Society (Jewish Law Student Association), 128 Adler, Mortimer, 106 Blum, John D., 107 ChildLaw Policy Institute, 108, 119 Delta Theta Phi, 41, 46 Admissions Office, 99, 130 Boksa, Mary Lou, 120 Children’s Legal Rights Journal, 108, 124 Devine, Richard A., 143 Amaker, Norman C., 89, 91, 123, 129 Boland, Mary, 99 Children’s Summer Institute, 108 Dick, Hugh L., 84 Amaker, Norman C., Award of Excellence, 63 Bonavich, Peter R., 86 Chile Study Abroad Program, 96, 136, 137, 144 Dillon, William, 7, 9-11, 13-14, 21, 28, 34, 137 Amatore, Roy, 106 Borden, Katherine, 136 Chyun, Kyu Hong, 45 Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD), 118 American Bar Association (ABA), 15, 33, 36, 49, 57, 62, Born in Chicago: A History of Chicago’s Circle of Advocates, 111 Doctor of Law (DLaw), 118 82, 96, 105, 126, 130 Jesuit University, 38 Civitas ChildLaw Center, 108, 115, 118, 122, 124 Dodd, Everett, 48 Anastaplo, George, 89 Boyer, Bruce A., 120, 137 Civitas ChildLaw Clinic, 108, 118, 120 Donnelly, Frederic D., 71, 116 Angelari, Marguerite, 107, 115, 119, 120 Brach, Helen V., Foundation, 151 Client Counseling Competition, 96, 127 Dooley, James A., 43 Annals of Health Law, 124 Braithwaite, William T., 96 Coleman, Clara E., 102 Dorff, Karen M., 139 Appel, Nina S., 78, 81, 83, 86, 104-110, 115, Brandeis Law Club Competition, 44, 48-49, 66, 99 Collins, Annette, 136 Doyle, Austin, 48 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 128-130, 134, Breen, John M., 125 Committee for the Future of the Law School, 83, 85, 88, 90 Doyle, Francis R. “Bob”, 89, 116-117, 134 137-139, 141-143 Brendel, Jennifer, 109, 119 Committee on Women’s Issues, 99 Dumbach Hall, 22 Appellate Advocacy Competition, 96 Bronsteen, John, 149 Community Law Center, 97, 118-119 Dumbach, Henry J., S.J., 7, 22 Appleman, Jean, 81 Brown, Carol, 102 Consumer Law Review, 124 Dunne, Edward F., 9, 21 Ashland Block, 6, 10, 13, 26, 28, 33, 35 Bryant, L. Edward, 107 Conway, Kevin J., 150-151 Ebzery, Bertram T., 139 Asian Pacific American Law Students Association, 128 Buergenthal, Thomas, 132 Cooney and Conway Chair in Advocacy, 150-151 Egan, Joseph, S.J., 53 Association of American Law Schools Burnham and Root, 10 Cooney, John D., 150-151 Elder Law Clinic, 120 (AALS), 33, 36, 51, 61 Burns, Dennis, S.J., 48 Cooney, Robert J., 150-151 Elder Law Initiative, 107, 115, 119-120 Bachelor of Laws (LLB), 31, 39, 75, 77 Burrowes, Alexander, S.J., 9-10, 22 Cooper, Christine G., 145 Elward, Joseph F., 34 Baisley, Mary E. (Beth), 136 Burton & Kannally, 15 Corboy Fellowship Program, 111 Elward, William X., 34 Bar Examiner, The, 126 Burzawa, Susan K., 97 Corboy, Philip H., 43, 62, 88, 93, 111 Esenther, Keith, S.J., 134 Barristers Ball, 127-128 Business Law Center, see Center for Business and Corboy, Robert J., Courtroom, 93 European Legal Institutions Program, 137 Bart, Cheryl L., 134 Corporate Governance Law, 114-115 Cosentino, Mary Cosgrove, 107 Evans, David, 136 Baumhart, Raymond C., S.J., 83, 88, 92, 105 Business Law Center Clinic, 120, 151 Coupet, Sacha M., 149 Fahey, William R., 150 Beazley, A. Kathleen, 151 Business Lawyer, The, 126 Covey, Frank M., Jr., 67, 83, 109 Faught, James J., 89, 105, 128, 134, 137, 141 Beazley, Bernard J., 62, 107, 138, 150-151 Caldwell, Laura A., 145 Cozzola, Richard T., 118 Federal Tax Clinic, 119-120 Beazley, A. Kathleen, Chair in ChildLaw, 150-151 Campbell, William J., 39 Cronin, Kathleen P., 131 Fitzgerald, John Cushing, 35, 42-48, 50-52, 55, 57, 59-61, Beazley Chair in Health Law, 151 Career Services, 102, 130 Cullerton, John J., 78, 88, 152 64, 66, 69-71, 77 Beazley Institute for Health Law and Policy, 107, 146, 151 Carey, James P., 99, 112, 118, 128 Cummings, Bernard F., 28 Flapjaws, 102 Beijing Summer Program, 96, 143 Carpenter, Richard V., 60, 71 Cunningham, William C., S.J., 77, 84, 134 Forkins, James M., 60, 64-66, 71, 77 Bellarmine, St. Robert, Award, 34, 103 Carter, Orrin N., 21 Curl, Amber, 127 Forum of International Law, 124 Bellows, Laurel G., 82 Catholic Lawyers Guild, 78, 128 “Current Case Comments,” 40 Frando, Venancio, 45 Bennett, Cathy, National Criminal Ceko, Theresa C., 97, 118-119 Curriculum, 19, 21, 36, 39-40, 44, 47, 59, 61, Frendreis, John P., 150 Trial Competition, 99 Center for Advocacy, 111, 115 64, 70-71, 75-76, 86, 90, 99, 105-108, 115, 127, 137, 143 Frischmann, Brett, 138 Berlin, Melvin R., 151 Center for Business and Corporate Curtin, James S., 85, 127 Furay, John B., S.J., 28 Berlin, Randy L., 144, 151 Governance Law, 115 Cushing, Robert W., 93, 103 Furey, Maura, 136 Berlin, Randy L. and Melvin R., Clinical Professor of Center for Health Care and Sponsorship, Damen, Arnold, S.J., 11, 28 Furman, Desiree R., 112 Business Law, 151 see Beazley Institute for Health Law D’Ancona Pflaum, 120 Fusco, Daniel R., 139 Bernardin, Cardinal Joseph, 115 and Policy, 107 Daniel, William W., National Mock Trial Competition 99 Garanzini, Michael J., S.J., 122, 137, 138, Bernstein, Joseph, 48 Cerri, John V., 136 Davis, Jane, 71 143, 153
154 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 155 I n d e x
Gardner, Kathryn, 102 Hunger Week, 127 Ku Klux Klan, 38 Loyola Law Center, 2, 102, 140, 143, 146 Garth, Bryan G., 150 Hurtado, Universidad Alberto, 137 Kuehn, Patricia, 96 Loyola Law Journal, 75, 124, 125, 126 Gaspardo, Jean M., 96, 134, 137, 143 Hussey, James T., S.J., 52, 61, 69 Kulys, Alfred V., 89, 116 Loyola Law Times, 75 Gauer, Joseph A., 38 Hyde, Henry, J., 63 Kwak, Caroline, 126 Loyola Law Wives, 76 Geraghty, Diane, 97, 108, 137, 141-142, 150-151 Hynes, Daniel W., 153 Kwall, Jeffrey L., 110 Loyola Quarterly, 40, 69 Gerhard, John C., IV, 131 Illinois Appellate Lawyers Competition, 127 Lahart, F. Vern, 83 Loyola Quarterly of Public Issues and Getzendanner, Susan (O’Meara), 74 Illinois Bar Examination, 43-45, 51 Lambda Epsilon, see Phi Alpha Delta, 41 the Law, 124 Giannis, James, 136 Illinois Moot Court Competition, 49 Lamey, William L., 49, 59–60, 71-72, 75, 77, 81 Loyola University Chicago International Gibbons, Kavanagh & O’Donnell, 15 Illinois Trial Lawyers Association, 43, 62 Langdon, John F., 85 Law Review, 124 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 129 Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, LaPrade, Thomas V., 106 Loyola University Community Law Center, Gleeson, Edward J., S.J., 20-21 110, 114 Larson, Adam, 145 97, 118-119 Goedert, John P., 115 Institute for Health Law, see Beazley Institute for Health Latino American Law Students Association (LALSA), 128 Lucey, Jo Anne, 67 Gong, Jennifer, 126 Law and Policy, 107, 146, 151 Lauck, Beth A., 129 Lynch, John J., 139 Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, 90 Intellectual Property Society, 128 Lavender Law Conference, 145 Lynch, Mary Jane, 66 Gravelyn, Denise M., 98 International Children’s Rights Initiative, 108 Law and Education Institute, 108 Lyons, Thomas G., 67 Great Books Program, 106 International Law Society, 128 Law and Literature Lecture, 106, 144 MacKenzie, Jody S., 98 Greenspan, Jody, 102 Intraschool Moot Court Competition, 48-49, 66, 96 Law Clubs, 48-49, 66 Madigan, Lisa M., 153 Grib, Philip J., S.J., 128, 134, 135 Isidore, Marie-Joelle, 121 Law Library, 16, 33, 66, 69-70, 79, 83, 89, 93, 116-117, Madigan, Michael J., 152 Gulino, Theodore C., 67 Isuani, Gabriela C., 121 120-122, 146 Maguire, James F., S.J., 70, 77, 90 Gumpert, Emil, Award, 99 Jacks, Dora M., 130 Law School Alumni Association, 35, 43, 69, 98, 103, Maguire Hall, 92-94, 97, 117, 120-122 Ha, Martha M., 139 Jacobs, Jeffrey D., 108 137, 139 Making of a Public Profession, The, 102 Hake, Terrence J., 103 Janega, Katherine S., 88, 138, 139 Law School Computing Services, 117, 134, 146 Malloy, Kathleen S., 85 Halberstam, Michael, 144 Jewish Law Student Association (Decalogue Society), 128 Lee, Wing-Tat, Chair in International and Comparative Markey, Howard T., 63 Halkias, Irene G., 128 Johnson, Christian A., 114-115 Law, 150-151 Marquette Center, 68, 85 Hambourger, David R., 97 Johnson, Sarah, 117 Lee, Wing-Tat, Lecture, 132 Martinez, Maritza, 116 Haney, Thomas M., 96, 105, 132, 137 Junior Bar Association, 41, 127 Lehman, Edward A., 67 Master of Jurisprudence (MJ), 118, 146 Hartigan, Neil F., 153 Juris Doctor (JD), 31, 75, 77 Leja, Beata A., 129 Master of Laws (LLM), 36, 37, 118 Hartman, John J., 139 Juris Utriusque Doctor (JUD), 36 Lemke, William F., 77, 85 May, Presita R., 131 Hartnett, Robert C., S.J., 71 Kalevitch, Lawrence, 83-84 Leonard, Anne, 60, 66 McAllister, Robert T., 88 Hatzenbuehler, Mari R., 139 Kamin, Alfred, 77 Lewis, Frank J., 59 McCabe, Helen, 67 Hayes, John Cornelius, 43, 46, 59-60, 67, Kannally, Michael V., 7, 15 Lewis Towers, 58-59, 61, 66, 68-69, 88 McCormack, John L., 84-85 69-71, 75, 77, 81 Kappa Beta Pi, 76 Lex Nocturnalis, 76 McCormick, John V., 32-33, 35, 39, 40, 42-43, 64, 70, 77 Health Law Society, 128 Kaufman, Michael J., 108, 141, 144 Life After Innocence Project, 145 McCormick, Judge John V., Scholarship, 47 Health Lawyer, The, 126 Kavanagh, Marcus, 7, 10, 15 Lincoln College of Law, 10, 20, 22 McCracken, David E., 77 Heil, Arthur T., 121 Kelly, Cynthia A., 98 Lisnek, Paul, 102 McFadden, Patrick M., 109 Hispanic American Law Student Association (HALSA), Kenealy, William J., S.J., 71 Litchfield, John, 145 McGarr, Frank J., 63 see Latino American Law Students Association Keys, Ulysses, 44, 49 Litigation Clinic, 66, 99 McGaw, Foster, 90 (LALSA), 128 Khorshid, Lema, 136 Loan Repayment Assistance Program, 124 McIntyre, Evelyn C., 44, 49 Hispanic Organization for Legal Advancement (HOLA), Kilbridge, William J., 127 Locke, Jane H., 110 McKay, John, 136 see Latino American Law Students Association King, Dr. Martin Luther, Jr., Lecture, 63, 91, 123, 131 Lockyear, Thomas A., 77, 84, 108 McMahon, Arnold D., 9-10, 21, 26, 28-29, 33-35 (LALSA), 128 Kinsella, John J., S.J., 77, 134, 135 London Comparative Advocacy Program, McMorrow, Mary Ann G., 97, 143, 152 Ho, Cynthia, 106 Kloempken, Mary Catherine, 134 136, 137 McNally, Martin J., 69-70 Hofbauer, Thomas C., 98 Krad, Huda, 126 London Summer Program, 137 Medal of Excellence, 43, 62-63, 88, 103, 148 Hollowell, Donald L., 62-63, 123 Kramer, Christopher B., 136 Lonero, Michael, 146 Menchaca, Alejandro, 139 Horton, Donald J., 84 Kraus, Lauren, 127 Loser, John, 48 Mercer-Dixon, Shawn, 130 Howell, James, 59 Krause, Joan H., 138 Loyola Consumer Law Reporter, 124 Miao, Chung-Yi, 45
156 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 157 I n d e x
Michael, Richard A., 75, 77-78, 83 O’Young, Kristina G., 129 Schiappa, Mariateresa, 128 Thomas, Robert R., 152 Miller, Matthew S., 99 Pachanga, 128 Schwartz, Susan J., 139 Threedy, Debora L., 106 Miller, Susan L., 121 Parrillo, Linda J., 128 Segal, Rebecca, 145 Tornquist, Leroy J., 84-86, 99 Monday Evening Lectures, 21, 26 Pavlik, Daniel P., 119-120 Shabat, Michael, 97 Tower Court building, see also Lewis Towers, 59 Montes, Jorge, 116 Pendzich, Elizabeth, 96 Shaffer, Gregory, 150-151 Trial Practice Program, 86, 99, 111, 112, 115, 118 Moore, Elissa Koch, 107 Perlin, Alice S., 106, 109, 119 Shah-Mirany, Tayebe G., 128 Tsesis, Alexander, 149 More, St. Thomas, 116 Phi Alpha Delta, 41, 76 Sheehan, Patrick T., 120 Tuition, 22, 40, 64, 81, 90, 122, 124 More, St. Thomas Award, see Rooney, Placement Service, 79, 102 Shepard, Lea Krivinskas, 149 Turner, Andrew R., 121 Francis J./St. Thomas More Award, 78 Platt, Stacey E., 120, 137 Sher, Susan, 82 Underwood, Robert, 77 Morrissey, F. Emmett, 98, 139 Plunkett, Paul, 97 Shoenberger, Allen E., 84, 96, 107, 125 Viglione, Michael, 127 Morrissey, Frank D., 83 Pope John Paul II, 134 Siedenburg, Frederic J., S.J., 20, 31, 36 Vis, Willem, International Arbitration Moot, 127 Moses, Margaret, 127, 141 Posner, Richard A., 106 Sikes, Richard T., 67 Vitullo, Vincent F., 71, 77 Mueller, Gary, 136 Power, Joseph A., 148 Simon, Mary, 150 VonderHeide, Susan, 102 Mullens, Patrick A., S.J., 20 Practice Court Program, 19, 26, 27, 99 Simon, Raymond F., 151 Wagner Labor Law Competition, 127 Murdock, Charles W. “Bud” 86-87, 89-90, 92-93, 97, 99, Proctor, Edward G., 139 Simon, Raymond and Mary, Chair in Waldron, John J., 43-44, 59, 60, 71 116, 134, 141-142, 146 Propes, Lorna, 78 Constitutional Law, 151 Waller, Spencer Weber, 110, 114, 141 Murphy, Stephen, 145 Psyhogios, Irene, 136 Singer, Lawrence E., 107 Wasem, Joann, 97 Muslim Law Students Association, 128 Public Interest Convocation, 130 Skinner, Steven E., 131 Watters, Patricia, 116 Myhra, Mark, 106 Public Interest Law Reporter, 124, 126, 130 Soble, Jeffrey A., 99 Webb, Dan K., 103 Nash Courtroom, Thomas D., 70, 76 Public Interest Law Society, 128, 130 Southern, Sean M., 129 Weinberg, Anita M., 108, 119 Natarajan, Ram, 99 Purcell, Charles R., 72, 81, 86, 88, 141-142 Spalding, Henry S., S.J., 26 Wentz, Julia, 117 National Asian Pacific American Bar Association, 126 Ramirez, Steven, 115 Spector, Robert G., 77, 84 White, Chief Justice Edward D., Scholarship, 47 National Institute for Trial Advocacy, 99 Rao, Malini, 129 Sprogle, Howard O., 7, 15 Wiet, Mitchell J., 107, 138 National Juvenile Law Competition, 127 Raphael, Alan, 129 Stanton, Laurence B., 98 Williams, Neil G., 123 National Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender (LGBT) “Recent Decisions,” 67, 69 Starr, Mark W., 121 Wills, Garry, 106 Bar Association, 145 Registrar, 130 Steele, Sherman, 33, 35, 40, 48-49, 59 Wilson, Samuel K., S.J., 44-45 National Mock Trial Competition, 96, 99 Rehrig, Clay, 145 Stern, Stephanie M., 149 Woelfl, Paul A., S.J., 71 National Moot Court Competition, 66 Renick, Joseph, 127 Stone, Joseph L., 120, 151 Women, admission to law school, 31, 36, 80-82, 122 New World, The, 13 Res Ipsa Loquitur, 69 Street Law Program, 98, 143 Women’s Law Association, 99 Niagara Cup Competition, 127 Rhodes, Anne-Marie E., 96, 137, 144 Strubbe, Charles, Jr., 106 Women’s Law Center, 99 Nolan, R. Emmett, 85, 139 Richards, John C., 139 Student Bar Association, 41, 69, 78, 88, 93, 98, 116, Women’s Law Reporter, 124 Norton, Jerry E., 86, 145 Rigney, Austin, 48 127-128, 139 Wood, Corinne J., 153 Novy, Michael D., 119–120 Rivera, Francisco L., 19 Student Facilities Protest, 83, 88 Woodward, William C., 41 Nowak, John E., 150–151 Rizzi, Dom, 97 Student Legal Publications Board, 40 Yaccino, Kelley, 107 Obama, Barack, 82, 131 Rock, Philip J., 152 Student Organizations, 127-128 Yearby, Ruqaiijah A., 138 O’Connor, Sandra Day, 129 Rogers, C. Paul, 90 Subramanian, Aruna, 161 Yellen, David, 141-142, 148, 150 O’Donnell, Patrick H., 7, 10, 13, 15, 38 Rome Summer Program, 90, 96, 134, 137, 144 Sullivan, Barry, 151 Yun, Jinah Kim, 126 O’Donnell, William T., 93 Rooney, Francis J., 33, 52-53, 59-60, 71, 77, 116 Sullivan, Philip, 44 Zimmer, Michael J., 149 O’Gallagher, Ellen, 105, 106 Rooney, Francis J./St. Thomas More Award, 78 Sullivan, Thomas P., 103 Zullo, James, FSC, 134 Olson, Harry, 21 Rose, Henry, 97, 124 Sullivan, Timothy M., 83 Zvetina, John A., 59, 71, 77 Operation Greylord, 103 Rougeau, Vincent D., 125 Sutton, Norma J., 139 O’Shaughnessy, James B., 60, 64, 66 Ryan, Therese, 136 Sweeney, Robert D., 99 OUTLaw, 145 St. Ignatius College, 7-11, 15, 22, 28 Talent Show, 78, 127-128 Overbeck, Jerry, S.J., 134 Sampson, Edith S., 37 Taney, Chief Justice Roger G., Scholarship, 47 Owens, Thomas L., Scholarship, 69 Scalia, Antonin, 129 Tang, Thomas, Moot Court Competition, 126-127 Oxford Summer Program, 137 Scheller, Arthur M., 71 Thirteen Club of Loyola, The, see also Delta Theta Phi, 40
158 THE FIRST 100 YEARS 159 A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s
I would like to acknowledge deeply and sincerely the assistance I received in writing this history of the law school. Foremost among those who helped me is Elisabeth Brookover, the law school’s director of communications, who worked tirelessly to coordinate the entire project. My copy editor, Gail Mansfield, was invaluable in reading and improving my text. Kathleen Kopitke performed the important but unenviable task of proofreading the entire book. Jared Tekiele, the designer at Taylor Bruce Design Partnership Chicago, heroically undertook to combine the text and photos into a remarkably attractive format.
This history could not have been accomplished without the assistance of Kathy Young, the University’s archivist, and her assistant Rebecca Hyman. A number of faculty and staff shared their recollections, memories, documents, and photos with me, including Nina Appel, Jim Faught, Charlie Purcell, and many others. Dean David Yellen supported this project; Associate Dean Michael Kaufman assisted me with my course assignments; and Annina Fabbioli, the law school’s assistant dean for advancement, was my resource person for information about graduates. Julienne Grant, one of the law school’s research librarians, was invaluable in helping me track down certain materials.
Four law students assisted me with researching various parts of the book; they are Michael J. Conte (JD expected ’11), Kirsten Housing (JD ’08), Huda Krad (JD ’09), and Maureen E. Ryan (JD ’09). Patrick W. Chinnery (JD expected ’11) single-handedly undertook to produce the Index as well as assist with proofreading drafts of the project.
Finally, I want to thank my family, Candace Fabri and Michael, for supporting me during this process.
P h o t o Cr e d i t s
Most of the photographs used in this book came from the University Archives Photograph Collection or the University Archives Portrait Collection. Images of documents came from the University Archives–Law School records. All are used with the permission of the University Archives.
Many recent photographs were taken by Simone Bonde and Lucy Kennedy. They are used with their respective permission.
Other photos came from the author’s personal collection and the collections of others who shared their photos for this book. All these are reproduced by permission.
160 THE FIRST 100 YEARS