Microanatomy of Muscles
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Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal. -
Structural Organization of the Perimysium in Bovine Skeletal Muscle: Junctional Plates and Associated Intracellular Subdomains E
Structural organization of the perimysium in bovine skeletal muscle: Junctional plates and associated intracellular subdomains E. Passerieux, R. Rossignol, A. Chopard, A. Carnino, J.F. Marini, T. Letellier, J.P. Delage To cite this version: E. Passerieux, R. Rossignol, A. Chopard, A. Carnino, J.F. Marini, et al.. Structural organization of the perimysium in bovine skeletal muscle: Junctional plates and associated intracellular subdomains. Journal of Structural Biology, Elsevier, 2006, 154 (2), pp.206 - 216. 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.01.002. hal- 01758589 HAL Id: hal-01758589 https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-01758589 Submitted on 4 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journal of Structural Biology 154 (2006) 206–216 www.elsevier.com/locate/yjsbi Structural organization of the perimysium in bovine skeletal muscle: Junctional plates and associated intracellular subdomains E. Passerieux a, R. Rossignol a, A. Chopard b, A. Carnino b, J.F. Marini b, a a, T. Letellier , J.P. Delage ¤ a INSERM, U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université -
4 Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle
4 Muscle tissue Smooth muscle Smooth muscle cell bundle (oblique section) Loose connective tissue layer permitting movement between muscle layers Elongated centrally located nucleus of smooth muscle cell (longitudinal section) Elongated, tapering cytoplasm of a smooth muscle cell Smooth muscle, small intestine, cat. H.E. stain; x400. Perimysium composed of connective tissue with blood vessels and autonomic nerves Smooth muscle cell bundle with central nuclei and elongated cytoplasm (longitudinal section) Perimysium Oblique and cross sections of smooth muscle cells Smooth muscle, small intestine, cat. H.E. stain; x400. Smooth muscle cells (oblique and cross sections) Smooth muscle cells (cross section) Perimysium Smooth muscle, urinary bladder, cat. H.E. stain; x350. 4 Muscle tissue Smooth muscle Predominantly longitudinally oriented smooth muscle fibre bundles closely invested with endomysium (nuclei appear longitudinally oval) Perimysium Endomysium Predominantly transversely oriented smooth muscle fibre bundles (nuclei appear round) Sooth muscle, urinary bladder, cat. Golder's Masson trichrome stain; x480. Nucleus of smooth muscle cell (weakly contracted) Perimysium with fibrocytes Cytoplasm of smooth muscle cell (weakly contracted) Nuclei and cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells (relaxed) Endomysium surrounding isolated smooth muscle cell (at transition to perimysium) Perimysium with fibrocytes Smooth muscle, urinary bladder, cat. H.E. stain; Goldner's Masson trichrome stain; x480. Central nucleus and cytoplasm of weakly contracted smooth muscle cell Heterochromatic nucleus of smooth muscle cell Endomysium Perimysium with fibrocytes Euchromatic nucleus of smooth muscle cell with spindle-like elongation of cytoplasm Smooth muscle, gall bladder, ox. Goldner's stain; x600.. -
Muscle Histology
Muscle Histology Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Functions of muscle tissue ▪ Movement ▪ Maintenance of posture ▪ Joint stabilization ▪ Heat generation Types of Muscle Tissue ▪ Skeletal muscle ▪ Cardiac muscle ▪ Smooth muscle Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal •Attach to and move skeleton •40% of body weight •Fibers = multinucleate cells (embryonic cells fuse) •Cells with obvious striations •Contractions are voluntary Cardiac: only in the wall of the heart •Cells are striated •Contractions are involuntary (not voluntary) Smooth: walls of hollow organs •Lack striations •Contractions are involuntary (not voluntary) Similarities… ▪ Their cells are called fibers because they are elongated ▪ Contraction depends on myofilaments ▪ Actin ▪ Myosin ▪ Plasma membrane is called sarcolemma ▪ Sarcos = flesh ▪ Lemma = sheath SKELETAL MUSCLES Epimysium: surrounds whole muscle Endomysium is around each muscle fiber Perimysium is around fascicle = muscle cell= myofiber Skeletal muscle This big cylinder is a fiber: a cell ▪ Fibers (each is one cell) have striations ▪ Myofibrils are organelles of the cell: these are made -an organelle up of myofilaments ▪ Sarcomere ▪ Basic unit of contraction ▪ Myofibrils are long rows of repeating sarcomeres ▪ Boundaries: Z discs (or lines) Sarcomere M line provides an attachment to myosin filaments Z line provides an attachment to actin filaments A band is the darker band of the myofibril containing myosin filaments H band is the lighter section in the middle of the A band where only myosin is present I band is the lighter band containing -
(7E) Powerpoint Lecture Outline Chapter 8: Control of Movement
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 8: Control of Movement This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: •any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; •preparation of any derivative work, including extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; •any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright 2001 by Allyn & Bacon Skeletal Muscle n Movements of our body are accomplished by contraction of the skeletal muscles l Flexion: contraction of a flexor muscle draws in a limb l Extension: contraction of extensor muscle n Skeletal muscle fibers have a striated appearance n Skeletal muscle is composed of two fiber types: l Extrafusal: innervated by alpha-motoneurons from the spinal cord: exert force l Intrafusal: sensory fibers that detect stretch of the muscle u Afferent fibers: report length of intrafusal: when stretched, the fibers stimulate the alpha-neuron that innervates the muscle fiber: maintains muscle tone u Efferent fibers: contraction adjusts sensitivity of afferent fibers. 8.2 Copyright 2001 by Allyn & Bacon Skeletal Muscle Anatomy n Each muscle fiber consists of a bundle of myofibrils l Each myofibril is made up of overlapping strands of actin and myosin l During a muscle twitch, the myosin filaments move relative to the actin filaments, thereby shortening the muscle fiber 8.3 Copyright 2001 by Allyn & Bacon Neuromuscular Junction n The neuromuscular junction is the synapse formed between an alpha motor neuron -
Back-To-Basics: the Intricacies of Muscle Contraction
Back-to- MIOTA Basics: The CONFERENCE OCTOBER 11, Intricacies 2019 CHERI RAMIREZ, MS, of Muscle OTRL Contraction OBJECTIVES: 1.Review the anatomical structure of a skeletal muscle. 2.Review and understand the process and relationship between skeletal muscle contraction with the vital components of the nervous system, endocrine system, and skeletal system. 3.Review the basic similarities and differences between skeletal muscle tissue, smooth muscle tissue, and cardiac muscle tissue. 4.Review the names, locations, origins, and insertions of the skeletal muscles found in the human body. 5.Apply the information learned to enhance clinical practice and understanding of the intricacies and complexity of the skeletal muscle system. 6.Apply the information learned to further educate clients on the importance of skeletal muscle movement, posture, and coordination in the process of rehabilitation, healing, and functional return. 1. Epithelial Four Basic Tissue Categories 2. Muscle 3. Nervous 4. Connective A. Loose Connective B. Bone C. Cartilage D. Blood Introduction There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the muscular system: . Skeletal muscle: Attached to bones of skeleton. Voluntary. Striated. Tubular shape. Cardiac muscle: Makes up most of the wall of the heart. Involuntary. Striated with intercalated discs. Branched shape. Smooth muscle: Found in walls of internal organs and walls of vascular system. Involuntary. Non-striated. Spindle shape. 4 Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscles: Skeletal muscles are composed of: • Skeletal muscle tissue • Nervous tissue • Blood • Connective tissues 5 Connective Tissue Coverings Connective tissue coverings over skeletal muscles: .Fascia .Tendons .Aponeuroses 6 Fascia: Definition: Layers of dense connective tissue that separates muscle from adjacent muscles, by surrounding each muscle belly. -
The Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton During Muscle Development In
THE ROLE OF THE ACTIN CYTOSKELETON DURING MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA AND MOUSE by Shannon Faye Yu A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of the Biomedical Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy New York, NY Oct, 2013 Mary K. Baylies, PhD! Date Dissertation Mentor Copyright by Shannon F. Yu 2013 ABSTRACT The actin cytoskeleton is essential for many processes within a developing organism. Unsurprisingly, actin and its regulators underpin many of the critical steps in the formation and function of muscle tissue. These include cell division during the specification of muscle progenitors, myoblast fusion, muscle elongation and attachment, and muscle maturation, including sarcomere assembly. Analysis in Drosophila has focused on regulators of actin polymerization particularly during myoblast fusion, and the conservation of many of the actin regulators required for muscle development has not yet been tested. In addition, dynamic actin processes also require the depolymerization of existing actin fibers to replenish the pool of actin monomers available for polymerization. Despite this, the role of actin depolymerization has not been described in depth in Drosophila or mammalian muscle development. ! Here, we first examine the role of the actin depolymerization factor Twinstar (Tsr) in muscle development in Drosophila. We show that Twinstar, the sole Drosophila member of the ADF/cofilin family of actin depolymerization proteins, is expressed in muscle where it is essential for development. tsr mutant embryos displayed a number of muscle defects, including muscle loss and muscle misattachment. Further, regulators of Tsr, including a Tsr-inactivating kinase, Center divider, a Tsr-activating phosphatase, Slingshot and a synergistic partner in depolymerization, Flare, are also required for embryonic muscle development. -
CAP2 Deficiency Delays Myofibril Actin Cytoskeleton Differentiation and Disturbs Skeletal Muscle Architecture and Function
CAP2 deficiency delays myofibril actin cytoskeleton differentiation and disturbs skeletal muscle architecture and function Lara-Jane Kepsera, Fidan Damara, Teresa De Ciccob, Christine Chaponnierc, Tomasz J. Prószynski b, Axel Pagenstecherd, and Marco B. Rusta,e,f,1 aMolecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; bLaboratory of Synaptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; cDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; dInstitute of Neuropathology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; eCenter for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Research Campus of Central Hessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany; and fDFG Research Training Group “Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling,” GRK 2213, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany Edited by Yale E. Goldman, University of Pennsylvania/PMI, Philadelphia, PA, and approved March 14, 2019 (received for review August 7, 2018) Actin filaments (F-actin) are key components of sarcomeres, the have acquired specific functions. While previous analyses of mu- basic contractile units of skeletal muscle myofibrils. A crucial step tant mice demonstrated a role of CAP2 in neuron morphology and during myofibril differentiation is the sequential exchange of heart physiology (13–15), its function in skeletal muscles has not α-actin isoforms from smooth muscle (α-SMA) and cardiac (α-CAA) been investigated, yet. to skeletal muscle α-actin (α-SKA) that, in mice, occurs during early We here report a function for CAP2 in skeletal muscle de- postnatal life. This “α-actin switch” requires the coordinated activ- velopment. We found that CAP2 controls the exchange of ity of actin regulators because it is vital that sarcomere structure α-actin isoforms during myofibril differentiation. -
Muscle Physiology Dr
Muscle Physiology Dr. Ebneshahidi Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Muscle Figure 9.2 (a) Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of the muscular system . 1. Locomotion . 2. Vasoconstriction and vasodilatation- constriction and dilation of blood vessel Walls are the results of smooth muscle contraction. 3. Peristalsis – wavelike motion along the digestive tract is produced by the Smooth muscle. 4. Cardiac motion . 5. Posture maintenance- contraction of skeletal muscles maintains body posture and muscle tone. 6. Heat generation – about 75% of ATP energy used in muscle contraction is released as heat. Copyright. © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings . Striation: only present in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Absent in smooth muscle. Nucleus: smooth and cardiac muscles are uninculcated (one nucleus per cell), skeletal muscle is multinucleated (several nuclei per cell ). Transverse tubule ( T tubule ): well developed in skeletal and cardiac muscles to transport calcium. Absent in smooth muscle. Intercalated disk: specialized intercellular junction that only occurs in cardiac muscle. Control: skeletal muscle is always under voluntary control‚ with some exceptions ( the tongue and pili arrector muscles in the dermis). smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Innervation: motor unit . a) a motor nerve and a myofibril from a neuromuscular junction where gap (called synapse) occurs between the two structures. at the end of motor nerve‚ neurotransmitter (i.e. acetylcholine) is stored in synaptic vesicles which will release the neurotransmitter using exocytosis upon the stimulation of a nerve impulse. Across the synapse the surface the of myofibril contains receptors that can bind with the neurotransmitter. -
Single-Cell Analysis Uncovers Fibroblast Heterogeneity
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17740-1 OPEN Single-cell analysis uncovers fibroblast heterogeneity and criteria for fibroblast and mural cell identification and discrimination ✉ Lars Muhl 1,2 , Guillem Genové 1,2, Stefanos Leptidis 1,2, Jianping Liu 1,2, Liqun He3,4, Giuseppe Mocci1,2, Ying Sun4, Sonja Gustafsson1,2, Byambajav Buyandelger1,2, Indira V. Chivukula1,2, Åsa Segerstolpe1,2,5, Elisabeth Raschperger1,2, Emil M. Hansson1,2, Johan L. M. Björkegren 1,2,6, Xiao-Rong Peng7, ✉ Michael Vanlandewijck1,2,4, Urban Lendahl1,8 & Christer Betsholtz 1,2,4 1234567890():,; Many important cell types in adult vertebrates have a mesenchymal origin, including fibro- blasts and vascular mural cells. Although their biological importance is undisputed, the level of mesenchymal cell heterogeneity within and between organs, while appreciated, has not been analyzed in detail. Here, we compare single-cell transcriptional profiles of fibroblasts and vascular mural cells across four murine muscular organs: heart, skeletal muscle, intestine and bladder. We reveal gene expression signatures that demarcate fibroblasts from mural cells and provide molecular signatures for cell subtype identification. We observe striking inter- and intra-organ heterogeneity amongst the fibroblasts, primarily reflecting differences in the expression of extracellular matrix components. Fibroblast subtypes localize to discrete anatomical positions offering novel predictions about physiological function(s) and regulatory signaling circuits. Our data shed new light on the diversity of poorly defined classes of cells and provide a foundation for improved understanding of their roles in physiological and pathological processes. 1 Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Blickagången 6, SE-14157 Huddinge, Sweden. -
Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria. -
MODULE 1: HISTOLOGY I an Introduction to Histology; Begin Epithelial Tissue and Connective Tissue
MODULE 1: HISTOLOGY I An Introduction to Histology; Begin Epithelial Tissue and Connective Tissue Histology is the study of the microscopic anatomy of the cells and extracellular matrix that make up the tissues of the body. Using the physical appearance of cells and the matrix that surrounds them, the 10-100 trillion cells of the human body can be grouped into just four major tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues. In the Histology Modules of this course, you will learn to identify each of these tissue types as well as their subclasses and important structures. Chemical fixatives are used to preserve tissues when they are harvested. These fixatives are important to preserve the tissue from degradation. These chemicals also destroy the biological function of the cells, so all of the cells in any micrograph images that you see are dead. Biological tissue has little inherent color. In fact, in reality, the tissues that you study would look transparent or have various shades of gray for the most part. However, scientists use staining techniques to help highlight particular features of a tissue. As a student of histology, you should avoid the temptation to memorize tissues based on color. Since it is possible to stain the same tissue with a variety of different colors, you could be easily fooled if you trained yourself to recognize color as the major feature of tissues that you study. The wiser approach would be to carefully learn the shapes and physical characteristics other than color when studying histology. Students who memorize color as the main characteristic to trigger their memory will be disappointed when the exam does not maintain color schemes.