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International Journal of Psychology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/pijp20 Invited Address, IUPsyS Invited Symposium, Invited Symposium, Symposium, Paper Session, Poster Session Published online: 02 Nov 2010.

To cite this article: (2008) Invited Address, IUPsyS Invited Symposium, Invited Symposium, Symposium, Paper Session, Poster Session, International Journal of Psychology, 43:3-4, 348-527, DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2008.10108485 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2008.10108485

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IA-014: Psychological research on Regarding the development of Competence, global IA-042: Global developments in traffic safety in China urbanization and converging life styles render the psychology and applied development of cognitive and school like skills Helmut Jungermann (Chair) increasingly adaptive. Psychology of the 21st psychology Century has to rise to the challenge of becoming Zhang, Kan Beijing, People’s Republic of China Carola Bru¨ cher-Albers (Chair) more relevant globally. Car accident killed about 100,000 people every year Knowles, Michael Caulfield, Australia in China with the dramatically increase of number This paper examines the nature and origins of of cars in China. Traffic safety has drew attention IA-039: Typical and atypical psychological thought, the development of its of psychologists for more than 10 years. Some development: A commentary on scholarly and scientific traditions, the establishment research results suggested approached of reducing of psychology as a profession, and the rise of traffic accident by psychological methods focusing the role of genes applied psychology to meet the needs of the kinds on training of naı¨ve drivers were done in the past of problems facing contemporary society. It exam- years, but with on clear benefits. A new view Grigorenko, Elena L. Child Study Center, Yale ines, too, the roles that various international, focused on licensee was proposed and a series of University, New Haven, USA regional and national associations and societies of studies either in lab or by simulations, including In this presentation, Dr. Grigorenko will discuss a psychology play in fostering the development of tests of licensees’ personality, awareness of safety, number of concepts from the genomic sciences with psychology as a science and a profession. Some of cognitive features, skills of driving, was done to regard to their role in understanding typical and the critical challenges facing psychology in its three form a systematic testing approach. The validity of atypical development. Developmental illustrations major forms are also discussed. the test was studied. will be drawn from both cognitive (e.g., reading and specific reading disability) and social-emotional IA-043: Cracking the orthographic IA-037: Psychology and human (e.g., self-regulation and conduct disorder) domains code rights in MENA Arab countries: of maturation and functioning. Yemen Psychological Association Arthur Jacobs (Chair) (YPA) experiences Grainger, Jonathan Laboratoire de Psychologie, IA-040: Doing a psychology of the Universite´ d’Aix-Marseille I, Marseille, France Jan Strelau (Chair) Chinese people: Discoveries while I will present a theory of orthographic processing Kassim Khan, Hassan Dept. of Psychology, University exploring aboard the Emperor’s that makes a key distinction between a coarse- of Aden, Aden, Yemen treasure ships grained and a fine-grained orthographic code. The In recent years Psychologist and their Professional coarse-grained code provides a fast-track to seman- Organizations in MENA Arab countries became Joachim Funke (Chair) tics by optimizing use of limited visual information more involved in a number long-short term to constrain lexical identity. The fine-grained code Bond, Michael Harris Dept. of Psychology, Chinese researches and actions projects on human rights provides accurate information about letter se- Univer. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, People’s and gender equality. The Objectives of the pre- quences that is used to generate a prelexical Republic of : Hong Kong SAR sentation is demonstrate and discuss roles played by phonological code. The theory accounts for why it I have spent my last 34 years, researching in Hong Psycho logists in Arab Region Countries on this is easy to read words with letters that have been Kong, an outpost of the Dragon’s Court. My hope major issues. Highlighting their contributions in jubmled, insernted, or remved, and explains why promoting psychological science knowledge in has been to bring Chinese culture and its manifesta- such effects arise early in the process of word raising public awareness and attaining positive tions into international psychological discourse. identification relative to effects of foanology. behavioral changes towards human rights issues in During this cultural collaboration, my Chinese general with more focus on women and child rights colleagues and I have explored at least four IA-044: The Lucifer effect and the movements. Based on the accummulated experi- constructs that might otherwise have remained psychology of evil ences gained and documented by Yemen Psycholo- uncharted: ethnic affirmation, the value dimension gical Association (1991-2006), the speaker tries of morality versus reputation, relationship harmony Wolfgang Scho¨ npflug (Chair) retrospectively to present and discuss roles played and maintenance, and the five dimensions consti- Zimbardo, Philip G. Dept. of Psychology, Stanford by Psychologists in the field, pointing out achieve- tuting social axioms. In so doing, my theorizing University, Stanford, USA ments and also and problems to overcome, about social behavior has been broadened to Why do good people do evil? How does a social concluding his presentation with a list of recom- include culture, and I have been personally psychological analysis add to our understanding of mendations for futur activities and effective collab- transformed, perhaps Sinicized. This presentation such human transformations? This slide-based rations between National -International describes how. presentation explores such questions on a founda- Psychological Organzations and UN -International tion of classic research, including my Stanford Organizations of concerns with human rights and Prison Study, and via a virtual visit to the dungeon welfare. IA-041: Psychological well-being of at Iraq’s Abu Ghraib Prison. In expanding the Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 gay men and lesbian women usual limited dispositional analysis to include the IA-038: Development of self and power of situations and of the systems that create competence across cultures: A Hospers, Harm J. Experimental Psychology, and maintain them, we come to appreciate the challenge to psychology University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands transformative power of the Nazis over German Objectives: To provide an overview of research on citizens. Heroism is the antidote to evil, and I Marcus Hasselhorn (Chair) psychological well-being of gay men and lesbian propose a new Hero Project to enlist ordinary people into becoming heroes-in-waiting. Kagitcibasi, Cigdem Dept. of Psychology, KOC women. Methods: Review of available literature. Furthermore, data from our qualitative (N=29) and University, Istanbul, Turkey IA-045: The new goal psychology: Psychological theories of human development quantitative cohort (N=185) of young gay men who reflect (Western) individualistic ethos. Cross-cultur- had their coming-out in the preceding year will be This ain’t your grandpa’s al developmental research provides us with insights presented. Results: Research on gay men and ’motivation’ into possible common paths in the development of lesbian women shows elevated risks for mental Hannelore Weber (Chair) children and adolescents. Autonomy and related- health problems. This was also found in our cohort ness, as basic human needs, need to be considered. of young gay men. Conclusions: These results Kruglanski, Arie Dept. of Psychology, University of Though not recognized sufficiently by traditional warrant more research in the factors underlying Maryland, College Park, USA psychological theorizing, the ‘Autonomous-Related mental health problems among gay men and lesbian This address describes a new paradigm in the study Self’ emerges as a healthy model of universal women. Opportunities for interventions are dis- of human motivation based on a cognitive relevance, since it integrates these two basic needs. cussed. approach on goal driven phenomena. Whereas in Wednesday 23rd July 2008 349

prior work motivation and cognition were often IA-049: Visual-spatial working characterized by a detailed functional understand- juxtaposed to one another, I will describe a new memory in the healthy and ing but a limited knowledge of its neural basis. scientific movement in social psychology that Meanwhile time is ripe to focus on animal models explores the cognitive aspects of motivation. Excit- damaged brain for insights into the neuronal processes governing ing new studies demonstrate that goals be primed Lars-Go¨ ran Nilsson (Chair) lateralized function. I will show in the asymme- outside of individuals’ awareness, and that they can trically organized visual system of birds how minute exert powerful, albeit unconscious, effects on Logie, Robert Dept. of Psychology, University of left-right stimulation differences during ontogeny individuals’ choices, thoughts and feelings. The Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom create functional asymmetries of the developing new paradigm addresses the continuous motiva- Behavioural studies of healthy and brain damaged brain. I then will present evidence for minor tional changes that people experience as they move adults have indicated that separate, domain-specific physiological left-right-differences that result in resources support temporary memory and on-line through their environments and react to them. major asymmetries of cognitive function. manipulation of visual appearance, location, and movement sequences. Studies of temporary mem- IA-046: The price of ’privilege’: ory for feature bindings indicate that working IA-053: Groups as adaptive Risks among children of affluence memory representations are integrated, not frag- mented across separate systems. Other researchers devices: Free-rider problems, the Robert J. Sternberg (Chair) have argued that working memory comprises wisdom of crowds, and Luthar, Suniya New York, USA temporary activation of long-term memory modu- evolutionary games Growing up in the culture of affluence can connote lated by focused attention. From behavioural various psychosocial risks. Family wealth does not studies of intact and impaired VSWM function, Peter M. Gollwitzer (Chair) including one study with 90,000 participants, I will automatically confer either wisdom in parenting or Kameda, Tatsuya Sapporo, Japan argue that integrated temporary representations equanimity of spirit; whereas children rendered The behavioral ecology literature has shown that arise from strategic operation of modality specific atypical by virtue of parents’ education or wealth adaptive benefits accrued from group life include systems operating largely independently of long- are privileged in many respects, there is also, clearly, the reduction of predation risk, increased efficiency term stored knowledge. the potential for some non-trivial threats to their in the acquisition of food and other vital resources, well-being. Dr. Luthar will present empirical opportunities for social learning, etc. These findings evidence from her programmatic research showing IA-050: Dissecting the skill of suggest that, despite inherent conflicts of interest that upper-middle class children manifest elevated speaking among members, groups consequentially serve as disturbance in several areas – notably substance adaptive devices for individual survival in natural use, rule-breaking, and anxiety – and will discuss Christiane Spiel (Chair) environments. Although psychological research on possible reasons for this; she will also present recent Levelt, Willem for Psycholinguistic, Max Planck data suggesting parallel adjustment problems small groups has addressed conceptually parallel Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands issues including the efficiency of group perfor- among mothers in these communities (i.e., among Speaking is our most complex cognitive-motor skill. mance, the linkage to behavioral ecology has never mothers with advanced educational degrees). I will sketch a ‘blueprint’ of the speaker, consisting been explicit. This talk explores the applicability of of five basic operations. In conceptual preparation behavioral ecological theory in the study of human IA-047: Perceptual consequences speakers select and order conceptual information, whose expression will reveal their communicative group behavior. of threat and prejudice: intentions. In grammatical encoding speakers re- Misperceiving weapons and other trieve words and fixed expressions which, in IA-054: Process models for implicit dangerous objects appropriate syntactic combinations, encode the prepared conceptual information grammatically. measures of attitudes Peter M. Gollwitzer (Chair) In phonological encoding speakers retrieve for James Georgas (Chair) Larsen, Randy Dept. of Psychology, Washington subsequent words the phonological form codes; University, St. Louis, USA Bono, Timothy Psychology, these are used to incrementally compute the Klauer, Karl Christoph Freiburg, Germany Washington University, Washington, USA syllabification and prosody of the utterance. In Diffusion models are applied to impliciit measures Racial priming effects are interpreted as being due phonetic encoding and ultimate articulation, stored of attitudes, in particular to the so-called Implicit to automatic activation of stereotype-consistent articulatory gestures are retrieved and executed for Association Test (IAT). Three process components associations (e.g., Black Americans associated with each successive syllable, a highly context-sensitive are thereby disentangled: 1) Ease and speed of guns). Evaluative priming may also play a role, in process. Finally, speakers monitor the process and information accumulation, 2) speed-accuracy set- that racial primes can 1) influence response self-repair if deemed necessary. tings, and 3) nondecision components of proces- compatibility, e.g., pre-activate evaluatively con- sing. In several studies, method variance in the IAT gruent response codes, and 2) influence target IA-051: An electrophysiological is shown to map on individual differences in speed- encoding, e.g., facilitate encoding of evaluatively view on using context or not accuracy trade-offs, whereas construct-specific var- congruent targets even in non-evaluative tasks. iance (i.e., the variance that is to be measured) is Gerd Lu¨ er (Chair) Across three experiments, results show that racial mapped on the ease and speed of information priming paradigms contain elements of evaluative Kutas, Marta Dept. of Cognitive Science, University of accumulation. Implications of these dissociations priming (both target encoding and response com- California, La Jolla, USA for process theories of the IAT and for applications patibility). Theories of stereotype activation need to Psycholinguistic research over the past two few are discussed. account for the ubiquitous role of affect in biasing decades has revealed that language comprehension responses to racial out-groups. is incremental in nature – each word incorporated into an ongoing representation of a sentence (or IA-055: Social interactions: discourse) as soon as it is encountered. In fact, we Conceptual reflections and IA-048: Early language present electrophysiological evidence not just for development as related to the rapid incremental interpretation of language input experimental approach Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 acquisition of reading but for active prediction. We further explore the incremental interpretation by examining the online Ribes Inesta, Emilio Centro de Estudios, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico Lundberg, Ingvar Dept. of Psychology, Go¨ teborg processing consequences of quantifiers (few, most), Contrary to current trends in evolutionary psychol- University, Go¨ teborg, Sweden negation (not) and verb aspect (was –ing, was –ed). Early in development infants start to discover Our findings militate against the idea that all ogy, I assume that social behavior es exclusive of statistical patterns in the surrounding language, possible information from a word is fully and humans. Truly social behavior necessarily involves and the speech sounds are categorized as phonemic completely activated and incorporated. labor division as well as postponed exchange of segments. Shared intention, gradually expressed as labor outomes, possible because of language. Three gaze coordination and declarative pointing pave the IA-052: Cerebral asymmetries: The functional dimensions frame social behavior inter- way for understanding the meaning of words. Later view from the inside actions: power, exchange, and sanction. A theore- on, language games, and nursery rhymes facilitate tical model is proposed to analyze social behavior in Anke Ehlers (Chair) the young child’s growing awareness of the terms of interactions framed by different institu- phonological structure of language, reaching a Gu¨ ntu¨ rku¨ n, Onur Ruhr-Universita¨ t Bochum, Bochum, tional contingencies. An experimental preparation critical point in the first stage of reading acquisi- Germany has been designed to evaluate different variables tion. I will review some of my longitudinal and Cerebral asymmetry research has long been pursued which influence the occurrence of social interac- training studies indicating the causal direction of with the false premise that lateralization is a tions. Experimental data are shown to support this the relationship between phonological awareness uniquely human attribute, associated with lan- approach, including some extensions modeling and success in learning to read. guage. Therefore, asymmetry research is presently social systems. 350 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

IA-056: Motor cognition: What Studies on fatigue: Contributions to IUPsyS-009: Human spatial actions tell the self psychotechnology in Argentina cognition: New avenues of Klappenbach, Hugo Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, research Frank Ro¨ sler (Chair) Universidad Nacional, San Luis, Argentina The paper analyzes the reception in Argentina of Jeannerod, Marc Lyon, France fatigue’s research, produced both in Europe and Michel Denis (chair) Self-recognition is far from trivial: It depends upon United States (Dockeray, 1920; Strong, 1913, 1914, The cognitive processes underlying navigation and specific signals, from sensory as well as from central Seashore, 1904; Squire, 1903; Thorndike, 1900a, wayfinding are at the core of an increasing number origin. Experiments where self-recognition becomes 1900b, 1912; Viteles, 1926; Whiting & English, of research programs. Models of spatial cognition ambiguous will be used. Two levels of self-recogni- 1923; Yoakum, 1909). Then, original research on have to accommodate the variety of forms of spatial tion, an automatic action identification, and a fatigue in Argentina are examined, specially the knowledge, as well as the variety of their modes of conscious sense of agency, which both rely on the contributions of Alfredo Palacios and Horacio acquisition and modes of communication. The congruence of the action-related signals, will be Rimoldi. Those works are analyzed in the context symposium provides up-to-date information on identified. The automatic level controls and adapts of the development of psychotechics, which several important issues of this domain, as currently investigated by cognitive psychology and neu- actions to their goal, whereas the conscious level strongly increased in the whole country and which roscience. provides information about the author’s intentions. reached its majors contributions in the decade of These levels are dissociated in schizophrenic 1940. patients. Their automatic self-identification is func- Human spatial memory for object location tional, whereas their sense of agency is impaired: Applied psychology: Who was and is supposed to Janzen, Gabriele for Cognitive Neuroimaging, F.C. the symptoms of the disease testify to the inability apply it? Donders Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands of schizophrenic patients to attribute their own Gundlach, Horst Instit. Gesch. der Psychologie, People spend a great deal of their time navigating thoughts and actions to themselves. Universita¨ t Passau, Passau, Germany through their environment. To be able to find our Today, it is understood worldwide, that psychology way home, we need to retrieve spatial information is applied by psychologists. This concept is, from memory. With different functional Magnetic IUPsyS-007: History of applied however, hardly one hundred years old, and the Resonance Imaging studies, we showed that the human brain automatically organises spatial infor- psychology in different countries beginnings of applied psychology are definitively older. When the concept of an applied psychology mation by dissociating between places carrying originated, it was understood that psychology be information necessary for wayfinding, and others. Helio Carpintero, Bernardo Colorado-Luna (chair) applied by members of many different occupations, Objects occurring at navigationally relevant loca- Applied psychology in the 20th century has had an by judges, by physicians, by teachers, and by others tions are stored in the parahippocampal gyrus, a extraordinary growth, employing new techniques whose main professional training was not in region involved in coding object-place associations. and concepts in order to face an endless variety of psychology. This concept of applied psychology The selective neural marking for navigationally social and personal problems. Contributions to this still exists today, although it is overshadowed by the relevant objects is rapidly induced and long lasting. symposium will give an insight of such richness and concept of the professional psychologist. This paper This automatic neural mechanism can provide the variety of technical research works, both in inspects the roots of this relatively new and at first basis for successful wayfinding. European and Latin-American countries, as an surprising concept. example of the complexity of the history of this Sensorimotor interference in spatial reasoning psychological field. Reception and development of the psychotechnic Avraamides, Marios Dept. of Psychology, University applied to the education in the post- of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Kelly, Jonathan W. Spatial cognition studies often require participants Psychology facing terrorist attack at Madrid revolutionary Mexico (1920-1928) (Part I) to localize objects from different imagined perspec- (Spain) the 11-04-2007 Sanchez Sosa, Juan Jose Dept. of Psychology, UNAM tives within a remembered spatial scene. In a series Carpintero, Helio Psicol. Basica II, Universidad Nat. Auton. University, Mexico City, Mexico Valderrama, Pablo Escuela de Psicologia, Universidad of studies using this paradigm, we found evidence Complutense, Madrid, Spain for the presence of sensorimotor interference during A terrorist attack took place on the 11-M- 2004 in Latinoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico Colorado- Luna, Bernardo Dept. de Psicologia, UNAM Univ. Nat. the test phase. Our experiments have investigated Madrid (Spain). Many people were killed and the conditions under which such interference injured, when bombs exploded in three local trains Autonoma, Mexico City, Mexico Applied psychology in Mexico has a long past but a occurs. Among others, we have contrasted reason- early in the morning in Madrid. Psychological ing about immediate vs. remote scenes, and we have attention was immediately offered by psychologists, relatively recent history. Historical accounts point out that, professional applied psychology origi- examined the effect of verbal instructions and the and a vast plan of help was carried out, giving nated in academic settings such as universities and encoding modality (visual perception vs. language). support to victims, families and people suffering teaching health institutions, but quickly spread to Our findings will be discussed in the context of a from panic and anxiety attacks. Many post-hoc service settings. Early services included "psycho- spatial cognition model accounting for sensorimo- studies have proved the variety of psychopatholo- technicians" who usually did assessment in schools, tor interference. gical effects that followed the catastrophe, and the work environments, correctional facilities and efficacy of interventions. This had a social echo and judiciary cabinets. After the early sixties nearly Space and language: How spatial are spatial positive evaluation of the psychologists’ work. every sphere of human functioning showed the descriptions? Applied psychology, in such cases, add large value influence of service-providing psychologists whose Pazzaglia, Francesca General Psychology, University to the social acknowledgment attributed to their training is closer to the researcher-practitioner of Padua, Padova, Italy professionals. tradition. The fastest growing areas of applications Are visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) and in this context include health service settings and spatial skills involved in the comprehension and large scale social assessment of programs. memorisation of spatial descriptions and route Promoting school achievement and the renewal directions? The first part of the paper reviews the of teaching methods and educational policies: main results of a series of experiments where a dual- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Reception and development of the psychotechnic Recent developments in Portuguese educational task paradigm is used to investigate the role of applied to the education in the post revolutionary psychology VSWM in the encoding and/or retrieval of spatial Mexico (1920 - 1928) (Part II) Paixaˆ o, Maria Paula Dept. of Psychology, University descriptions. The second part examines the role Valderrama, Pablo Escuela de Psicologia, Universidad of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal played by individual differences in VSWM; reading Latinoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico Contributing to the erradication of school under- comprehension; and mental visualisation in the Some landmarks of the origin of the psychothecnic achievement continues to be one of the most memorisation of route and survey descriptions. The are described in the decade of the 20th: the important themes in Educational Psychology, both results are discussed with reference to theories on adaptation of the test of intelligence of Binet; the at a theoretical and at a pratical level. Several spatial text processing, spatial language, and work- formation of the first specialists in the National research and intervention programmes were thus ing memory. University; the collaboration with the University of developped in Portugal during the second half of California to define the Mexican boy’s intelligence; the 20th century, namely those funded by the the knowledge of the Mexican native’s mentality, to Individual differences in object versus spatial Foundation for Science and Technology that were determine their capacity of adaptation to the mental imagery: The neural mechanisms and carried out under our supervision at the University modern nation ‘‘mestiza’’; the application of applications of Coimbra. In line with our main results, promot- psychological tests to diagnose students again Kozhevnikov, Maria Department of Psychology, ing strategies of learning motivation, the renewal of entrance to institutions of superior education and George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA teaching methods and, mainly, new directions for the description of the actors, national and foreign The visual system processes appearance properties educational policies are the main roots proposed for that participated in this movement of educational (such as shape and color) and spatial properties the required developments in this area. renovation (such as location and spatial relations) via separate Wednesday 23rd July 2008 351

subsystems. Using behavioral and neuroimaging retrieved abstracts, 36 studies met the inclusion IS-080: The design and results of data, I will present evidence that such dissociation criteria. After removal of outliers, d values ranged ’’anti-stress programme‘‘ also exists in individual differences in imagery. That from .41 – 1.33 with an overall average, weighted is, some individuals are adept at constructing vivid small-to-medium effect size of d=.42. Sources of implemented within the images of objects but have difficulty representing heterogeneity were explored, including the extent to cardiovascular disease (CVD) spatial relations (object visualizers), whereas others which interventions were HBM- based. Conclusion: preventive activities (2004-2007) are adept at representing spatial relations but have HBM-based interventions have proved to be difficulty constructing vivid images (spatial visuali- effective but there is considerable variation in the Miloslav Solc (chair) zers). Additionally, I will present data showing that extent to which interventions reflect the theory. The ’’anti-stress programme‘‘ was designed and such individual differences in object versus spatial implemented within the framework of CVD pre- imagery affect more complex activities, such as learning and problem solving in science and artistic Are interventions based on theory more effective ventive activities. About 60 - 70 individuals were performance. than those that are not? Development of a examined every year using a set of psychological method and a synthesis of evidence (type of behaviour, life events in the past 12 Michie, Susan Dept. of Psychology, University months, daily events in the past month, level of Blind people can construct spatial mental models College London, London, United Kingdom Prestwich, resilience - hardiness), physiological (heart rate from complex spatial descriptions Andrew Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, variability) and biochemical (total cholesterol, Noordzij, Matthijs F.C. Donders Centre, Radboud London, United Kingdom HDL and LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerides, gly- University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands Objectives To investigate the associations between cemia) variables, as well as using basic demographic There is now substantial evidence that visual theories informing behaviour change interventions, data and data from working processes. The same experience is not an essential feature in the intervention content and impact. Methods Reliable sets of data were used also for intervention. The development of spatial representations. However, coding frames were developed to assess intervention study was implemented within the project funded it remains an open question whether blind people content and extent of theory application in a by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic Nr. can construct a spatial model from complex spatial systematic review of self-regulation interventions 406/06/0747. descriptions. In our experiments, early blind, late to increase physical activity and/or healthy eating. blind and sighted individuals listened to realistic Results Of the 77% theory-based interventions, spatial descriptions. We found evidence that both there was no association between theory type and IS-081: The representation of sighted and blind people formed spatial models on intervention content (techniques used). Only 46% the basis of these descriptions. Interestingly, blind studies measured theory-relevant constructs, 42% abstract words people actually performed better than sighted discussed results in relation to theory and 7% people when the spatial description had a local, adequately linked intervention techniques to theory. Manuel Carreiras (chair) route perspective, whereas sighted people per- Conclusions Progress in applying theory to inter- The goal of the symposium is to understand how we formed better when the spatial description had a vention development and evaluation is vital for represent abstract words (e.g., liberty, justice, idea). global, survey perspective. improving behaviour change interventions. The five talks will cover different aspects of this uniquely human faculty: a) how abstract works can IS-079: Health behavior change be learnt and represented from a computational interventions: How do they work? Does changing attitudes, norms, or self-efficacy perspective; b) how abstract words can be grounded cause health behaviour change? in perception and action; c) the neural substrate of Sheeran, Paschal Dept. of Psychology, University of Aleksandra Luszczynska (chair) abstractness; c) evidence from patients and experi- Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom Armitage, mental evidence showing dissociations on the The symposium presents examples of effective Christopher Department of Psychology, University of health behaviour change interventions. Next, inter- representation of concrete and abstract words. A Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom Mann, Eleanor discussion covering the five talks will follow. ventions based on a health behaviour change theory Department of Psychology, King’s College London, (Health Belief Model) are discussed, followed by a London, United Kingdom Abraham, Charles comparison of interventions based on different Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, The joint contribution of experience and theoretical approaches and a review aimed at Sheffield, United Kingdom language in shaping meaning representations evaluating the effects of behaviour change techni- Health behaviour theories assume that changing Andrews, Mark Dept. of Psychology, University ques. Finally, formal characteristics of effective attitudes, norms, self-efficacy or intentions will College of London, London, United Kingdom obesity treatment programs are discussed. cause changes in health behaviour. The present Evidence suggests that concrete meanings are research tests this assumption by meta-analysing grounded into our experience (embodiment). How- Promoting a low-fat diet in overweight experimental studies that (a) randomly assigned ever, abstract meanings may be different, as these individuals: Does cognitive functioning moderate participants to conditions, (b) changed respective words may be learnt via language. To test the the effects of a planning intervention? cognitions, and (c) asessed changes in subsequent contribution of experience and language to seman- Scholz, Urte Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Zu¨ rich, behaviour. Literature searches obtained 214 studies tics, we developed Bayesian models that extract Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Kliegel, Matthias Psychology, that met the inclusion criteria for the review. statistical patterns from experience-only; language- Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany Findings indicated that changing attitude, norms, only or both sources of data combined and we Objective: Cognitive functioning is negatively asso- and self-efficacy had effects of approximately found that the combined model provides best fit to ciated with overweight. Planning interventions have medium magnitude on behaviour change. Beha- semantic effects. We further developed norms viour change techniques, but not the theoretical been shown to promote health behaviour change. concerning "mode of acquisition" (MoA) tapping basis of the intervention, made an important This study examines whether planning interventions into whether words are learnt primarily via difference to the effect sizes obtained for behaviour. are effective independent of individuals’ cognitive experience or language and we found that this functioning. Method: At baseline cognitive func- variable has good predictive power. tioning and nutrition were assessed of 60 controls Formal characteristics of effective interventions: and 60 planning group participants (sample mean A systematic review of obesity treatment BMI = 31.49; SD = 4.49), nutrition was assessed Language processing modulates the activity of Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 programs for adults again four and six months later. Results: The effects the motor system Luszczynska, Aleksandra Dept. of Psychology, of a planning intervention on low-fat diet were not Buccino, Giovanni Dipt. di Neuroscienze, Universita` Warsaw School Soc. Psychology, Warsaw, Poland moderated by cognitive functioning. Conclusions: deg. Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy Objectives: The study tests if the effects of weight Planning interventions provide an effective means According to the ‘‘embodied language’’ approach, loss intervention depend on participants features for changing even complex health behaviours (e.g., age), intervention features (e.g., duration, language processing is mediated by the same neural independent of cognitive functioning of individuals. number of session, number of targets, individual/ substrates involved in perception and action. group format), and design features (e.g., recruit- Recent data coming from behavioural, neuroima- Does the health belief model provide a good ment method).Methods: The review incorporated ging and neurophysiological experiments show that theoretical basis for effective behaviour change trials testing the effectiveness of psychosocial during listening to or reading sentences expressing interventions? interventions reporting body weight as the main actions done with the hand, the mouth or the foot, Abraham, Charles Dept. of Psychology, University of outcome. Results: Larger effects were observed for the activity of different sectors of the motor system, Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom Sibley, Elissa programs that solely targeted weight control versus overlapping those involved during the actual Dept. of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, other health behaviours, programs evaluated in execution of those same actions, is modulated. United Kingdom pilot trials, and programs wherein participants must Interestingly it has been recently shown that this Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of behaviour have self-selected into the intervention. Conclu- modulation also occurs during processing language change interventions based on the health belief sions: Besides the presence of any theoretical material related to abstract content, thus support- model (HBM). Methods: A systematic review and background, the effectiveness of obesity treatment ing the idea that even abstract concepts are meta analysis were conducted. Results: Of 441 depends on formal characteristics. grounded. 352 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Negation in the brain: Modulating concrete and included rank- and sign-dependent utility theories, under uncertainty. We propose an individual abstract semantic representations with cumulative prospect theory an important elicitation of utility and probability weighting Cappa, Stefano Dept. of Neurology, Vita-Salute San special case. This symposium presents contempor- function to understand and measure the impact of Raffaele, Milano, Italy Moro, Andrea Dept. of ary work that builds on that framework, including; delayed resolution of uncertainty. We observed Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy learning under uncertainty; tests of critical proper- significant differences in probability weighting Marco, Tettamanti Dept. of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute ties of models; probabilistic extensions; the timing functions for immediate and delayed resolution of San Raffaele, Milano, Italy of the resolution of uncertainty; and fitting the data uncertainty. Sentential negation is a universal feature of of individual decision makers. languages. In Tettamanti et al (2005) action sentences activated the same action representation Data selection for fitting utility theories: Laying "Decisions from Experience" versus "Decisions as real actions, whereas abstract sentences were the foundations for the cognitive psychometrics from Description" under prospect theory: An associated with posterior cingulate cortex activa- of risk experimental investigation tion. In this fMRI experiment, participants heard Stott, Henry Dept. of Psychology, University College Abdellaoui, Mohammed Laboratoire GRID, UMR sentences of different polarity (affirmative/nega- London, London, United Kingdom CNRS-ENSAM, Cachan, France tion) and concreteness (action-related/abstract). Model fitting in psychology needs to be at the level According to Prospect Theory, decision makers Negation was associated with deactivation of of individual participants’ data in order to avoid confronted with ‘‘description-based’’ choices under pallido-cortical areas. Negative action-related sen- misleading single-agent assumptions. This limita- risk overweight low probabilities and underweight tences led to reduction of activations and connec- tion places additional emphasis on experimental middle and high probabilities. Hertwig, Barron, tion strength within left-hemispheric fronto-parieto- data quality. Against this backdrop, the presenta- Weber and Erev (2004) report however qualitative temporal areas. For negative abstract sentences, tion explores methods for optimal stimuli selection experimental results suggesting that this subjective there was deactivation of posterior cingulate cortex. in the risky choice paradigm. This is achieved by treatment of uncertainty does not hold for ‘‘experi- Negation appears to offer a new perspective on the adopting a parameter space perspective of the ence-based’’ decisions, in which decision makers link between human language and our representa- stimuli. Fitting Cumulative Prospect Theory to must learn probability distributions from sampling. tion of the world. the resultant data shows how this method can be Our paper reports experimental results based on used to decrease modeling errors by, for example, individual elicitation of Prospect Theory for gains reducing parameter interactions. Various extensions Contrasting effects of semantic association and and losses from ‘‘description-based’’ and ‘‘experi- to the technique and the possibility of testing Utility similarity in processing ence-based’’ choice. Despite a few significant Theories for criterion validity are discussed. Crutch, Sebastian Dementia Research Centre, discrepancies detected between ‘‘description-based’’ University College of London, London, United and ‘‘experience-based’’ contexts, our results do not Kingdom Warrington, Elizabeth Dementia Research confirm the apparent reversals claimed by Hertwig Empirical tests of contemporary utility theories Centre, University College of London, London, United et al. Marley, Anthony A.J. Dept. of Psychology, University Kingdom of Victoria, Victoria, Canada A revolution occurred in the 1990s in the develop- A series of experiments are reported which inves- Testing critical properties that distinguish ment and testing of utility theories, which lead to tigate the abstract and concrete word processing descriptive models work that went beyond classic representations such abilities of healthy individuals and patients with Birnbaum, Michael Dept. of Psychology, California as subjective expected utility. The new work refractory access dysphasia, deep-phonological dys- State University, Fullerton, USA included rank- and sign-dependent utility theories, lexia or deep dyslexia. It is demonstrated that Critical properties are theorems that can be with cumulative prospect theory an important concrete word processing is affected more by deduced from at least one descriptive theory but semantic similarity than semantic association, which do not follow from all of the theories to be special case. This symposium presents contempor- whereas abstract word processing is affected more compared. If the consequences of the theorem can ary work that builds on that framework, including; by semantic association than semantic similarity. be falsified, theories that imply those consequences learning under uncertainty; tests of critical proper- These contrasting effects of semantic similarity and are falsified. In order to design tests, it is helpful to ties of models; probabilistic extensions; the timing association are observed in comprehension, reading fit a rival theory to previous data to predict where of the resolution of uncertainty; and fitting the data and odd-one-out judgement tasks. The data provide to find new violations of a given theory. This of individual decision makers. converging evidence supporting the hypothesis that research tactic is illustrated with tests between concrete and abstract concepts are supported by cumulative prospect theory and Birnbaum’s trans- qualitatively different representational frameworks. fer of attention exchange (TAX) model, and with IS-083: From conflict monitoring to tests between the priority heuristic and the TAX control inertia Associative and semantic priming: Different model. findings for abstract and concrete words Pio Tudela (chair) Mu¨ ller, Oliver Psicologia Cognitiva, Facultad de Models of stochastic choice and decision The view of a unitary and general cognitive control Psicologia, La Laguna, Spain Avile´ s, Alberto theories: Why both are important for analtyzing system has been under scrutiny in recent years. In Psicologı´a Cognitiva, University of La Laguna, decisicians particular, assumptions related to the unity and Tenerife, Spain Dun˜ abeitia, Jon Andoni Psicologı´a Blavatskky, Pavlo Inst. for Empirical Research, generality of the system have been seriously Cognitiva, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Universita¨t Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland challenged. In the present symposium a sample of Carreiras, Manuel Psicologı´a Cognitiva, University of This paper compares different combinations of the current research will be offered. The first three La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain decision theories and models of stochastic choice. speakers will present experimental evidence suggest- We assessed the semantic organization of abstract We select seven popular decision theories and ing a modular architecture of cognitive control and concrete words in a series of priming experi- embed each theory in five models of stochastic where separate control processes operate and some ments, contrasting associative with semantic relat- choice including tremble, Fechner and random of them are recruited in a context-sensitive manner. edness and varying stimulus-onset asynchrony utility models. We find that the estimated para- The neural mechanisms associated to particular (SOA). Lexical decision times for abstract words meters of decision theories differ significantly when processes of control will be approached by the last showed only associative priming, starting at SOA theories are combined with different models. two speakers. Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 50. Concrete words displayed associative and Depending on the selected model of stochastic semantic priming, starting at SOA 100 and 250, choice we obtain different rankings of decision When item specific control bypasses the need for respectively. In an event-related potentials experi- theories with regard to their goodness of fit to the ment (ERP), with associative primes and an SOA of a global control mechanism data. The fit of all analyzed decision theories Blais, Chris H.Wills Neuroscience Institute, University 50, concrete and abstract words both showed an improves significantly when they are embedded in ERP relatedness effect, but with a different scalp of California, Berkeley, USA a Fechner model of heteroscedastic truncated How control is exerted over the myriad of cognitive distribution. This indicates that associative and errors. semantic relations play a different role for abstract operations we have at our disposal and the and concrete words. implementation of that control in the brain has Measuring the impact of uncertainty resolution become a major focus for researchers. A popular Diecidue, Enrico Dept. of Decision Sciences, INSEAD, index of this form of cognitive control is the IS-082: Empirical tests of Fontainebleau Cedex, France proportion congruent effect in the Stroop task contemporary utility theories In most real decisions a considerable time between where the magnitude of the Stroop effect increases choice and resolution of uncertainty may occur. as the proportion of congruent trials increases. We Anthony A.J. Marley (chair) Individuals may have preferences between gambles provide evidence this effect is driven by an item A revolution occurred in the 1990s in the develop- that have the same probability distribution over specific mechanism, not by a global ‘‘attend to the ment and testing of utility theories, which lead to outcomes if they differ in the timing of resolution of word when it helps’’ mechanism. The implications work that went beyond classic representations such uncertainty. These preferences have received rela- of this result on the conflict monitoring hypothesis as subjective expected utility. The new work tively little attention in utility theory and decision are discussed. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 353

Dissociating between sustained, transient and Such preparatory states were different depending of Optimal decision making in the cortico-basal- stimulus driven cognitive control whether they required or not a switch from the ganglia circuit Funes, Maria Jesu´s Dept. Experimental Psychology, previous task. fMRI data showed that cues engaged Bogacz, Rafal Dept. of Computer Science, University University of Granada, Granada, Spain Lupia´n˜ ez, brain areas which were also activated during of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Juan Dept. Experimental Psychology, University of specific task performance. All this suggests that Almost a half century ago, it has been proposed Granada, Granada, Spain Humphreys, Glyn predictive information settles the brain into highly that during simple choice between two alternatives Behavioural Brain Sciences, University of specific preparatory states, which seems to be the brain performs a statistically optimal test. This Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom theory, currently known as the diffusion model, mediated by the pre-activation of brain regions We present relevant dissociations between Gratton describes very well reaction times and accuracies in that will support subsequent task performance. and Proportion Congruent effects regarding their two alternative choice tasks. It has been recently ability to generalize across variations in conflict proposed that the circuit involving the cortex and type. We used a combined-conflict paradigm and IS-084: Computational models of the basal ganglia performs statistically optimal manipulated the proportion of congruent-to-incon- choice between multiple alternatives. This model gruent trials for one conflict type but not the other. decision making helps understand current data and generates We found that conflict adaptation was highly experimental predictions concerning both neuro- specific to the type of conflict solved on the David Shanks, Peter Juslin (chair) biology and behaviour. Furthermore, it supplies a previous trial. By contrary, the effect of conflict Although much is known about the psychology of bridge between the two disciplines, as it offers a context generalized across conflict types. This decision making, the development of precise com- possible neural implementation for the diffusion finding suggests the existence of two separate putational models of decision behaviour has only model. control systems, one transient and responsible of recently begun to make a significant impact in the online regulation, and the other sustained and field. This symposium brings together internation- Sequential and capacity constrained: Taking the responsible of conflict context effects ally-renowned researchers with a common interest constraints on controlled thought seriously in developing such models. Juslin, Peter Dept. of Psychology, Uppsala University, Context-sensitive control over attentional Uppsala, Sweden A well-known distinction in cognitive psychology orienting A cognitive theory of how people learn to select refers to controlled versus automatic cognitive Milliken, Bruce Dept. of Psychology, McMaster strategies University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Crump, Matthew processes. While the capacity constraints of con- Rieskamp, Jo¨rg Max-Planck-Institut, Berlin, Germany trolled cognitive processing has served as a general Dept. of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, It has been widely assumed that people possess a USA rationale for several influential research programs strategy repertoire for inferences. The strategy Cognitive control is widely conceived as guided by on simplifying heuristics in research on judgment selection learning theory specifies how people select intentional processes engaged in the service of goal- and decision making, detailed explorations of the directed behavior. By this view, cognitive control strategies from this repertoire (Rieskamp, 2006, consequences of these capacity constraints remain processes can serve a monitoring function over JEP:LMC, 32). The theory holds that individuals rather unusual. In this presentation, I will discuss automatic, context-sensitive memory retrieval pro- select strategies proportional to their subjective the consequences of these capacity constraints on cesses. Here, we suggest that cognitive control itself expectations of how well the strategies solve controlled cognitive processing for the division of can be imparted through memory retrieval. Our particular problems and the expectations are labor between different sorts of knowledge in research strategy introduces a contingency between updated by reinforcement learning. The theory is multiple-cue judgment tasks, but I also illustrate a task-irrelevant contextual dimension (e.g., spatial compared to a connectionist network, whose how they provide alternative explanations of several location) and the need for cognitive control (e.g., weights are modified by error correction learning. classical phenomena in the heuristics and biases high versus low proportion congruent in a filtering Both theories were tested against each other literature, like the conjunction fallacy and base-rate task). Results suggest that distraction from irrele- experimentally and the strategy selection learning neglect. vant stimulus dimensions can indeed vary as a theory was best in describing the observed learning function of context-sensitive retrieval processes processes. IS-085: Psychological approaches cued by the stimulus itself. to political conflicts Decisions in a changing environment Fractionating executive control: Anticipating and Speekenbrink, Maarten Dept. of Psychology, Janusz Reykowski (chair) reacting to conflict modulates event-related University College London, London, United Kingdom The papers in this symposium present empirical potentials linked to cognitive control differently Shanks, David London, United Kingdom research concerning the socio-psychological factors Correa, Angel Dept. Experimental Psychology, When learning to make decisions, we must infer that might contribute to the increase or decrease the University of Granada, Granada, Spain Rao, Anling how the outcome of our actions depends on the destructive political conflicts. Kossowska et al. Dept. Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, describe the role of personality factors (RWA and state of the environment. Typically, research Oxford, United Kingdom Nobre, Anna Dept. SDO) and their interaction with emotional pro- investigating decision learning has used stationary Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, cesses (fear, anger, sadness). Golec et all. discuss the Oxford, United Kingdom environments, in which this dependence is invariant impact of religious orientations and cultural ethno- Does our brain comprise a single executive control over time. However, as many decision environ- centrism while Peaz et al. the role of apology for mechanism, which is commonly triggered when ments are subject to continuous change, learning wrong doings. Reykowski describes the socio- anticipating conflict (proactive control) and react- may be geared towards non-stationarity. We psychological mechanisms facilitating the processes ing to conflict (reactive control)? Event-related present research which shows participants quickly of seeking agreements in groups in spite of major potentials associated with conflict detection (N2) adapt to changes in the environmental structure, conflict of interests or values. were measured during a cued flanker task, and and discuss formal models of how they might do so. compared for both proactive and reactive control. Proactive control involved anticipating conflict Physiological antecedents of intergroup conflict: through predictive cues. Reactive control involved When a learning theory predicts the wrong Impact of submissive vs. dominant orientation Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 experiencing conflict in previous trials (sequential response: Error of the model or error of the and emotions on outgroup attitudes effects). The results showed that proactive control learner? Kossowska, Malgorzata Inst. of Psychology, reduced the N2 latency, whereas reactive control Meeter, Maarten Dept. of Psychology, University of Jagiellonian University, Krako´ w, Poland Bukowski, attenuated the N2 amplitude over right frontal Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Marcin Inst. of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, electrodes. These findings suggest that proactive In probabilistic categorization tasks various cues Krako´ w, Poland Van Hiel, Alain Department of and reactive control involve partly dissociable are probabilistically (but not perfectly) predictive of Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium neural mechanisms. class membership. There are two alternative con- Perception of outgroup members is usually seen as ceptualizations of learning in such tasks: as rule- important determinants of conflict development based learning, or as incremental learning. Analysis and conflict escalation. In the present study we Top-down task pre-configuration particularly focus on role of negative emotions in methods based on these conceptualizations can be Ruz, Maria Dept. Experimental Psychology, University the RWA and SDO based prejudice. It is assumed used to predict responses of categorizers from their of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Nobre, Anna C. that these emotions should interact with RWA and responses on preceding trials. They predict re- Dept. Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, SDO in different ways and therefore should have Oxford, United Kingdom sponses about equally well, but both suggest that different effects on the level of prejudice. In line We investigated the neural mechanisms that pre- on many trials the response of the categorizer is a with recent work, we also expected that these pare for future task requirements. Participants were toss-up. Here, we investigate whether categorizers interaction effects would depend on the perceived cued to perform different tasks with words. EEG on such trials really produce essentially random status of the outgroups. The results of the research results showed that cues generated top-down responses, or whether there are regularities that are will be discussed due to possible ways of conflict activations that were dissociable across conditions. not yet captured by learning theories. reduction. 354 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Religion, ethnocentrism and intergroup hostility IS-086: Cross-cultural validation of Analysis of item bias in the emotional skills and intimes of existential threat various measures of emotional competence questionnaire: A cross-cultural Golec de Zavala, Agnieszka Middlesex University, comparison Middlesex, United Kingdom Cichocka, Aleksandra intelligence Holmstrom, Stefan Dept. of Psychology, Umea˚ Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, University, Umea˚ , Sweden Molander, Bo Dept. of Poland Vladimir Taksic (chair) Psychology, Umea˚ University, Umea˚ , Sweden Taksic, In a number of studies, conducted in different The aim of the Symposium is to discuss about Vladimir Dept. of Psychology, University of Rijeka, countries (Poland, the U.S. and Iran), we examine cross-cultural validation of trait and ability ap- Rijeka, Croatia the effects of mortality salience on support for proaches in measuring of emotional intelligence Objectives: To evaluate the Swedish and Croatian international aggression in the context of terrorist (EI). A majority of the communications are about versions of the ESCQ instrument (Taksic, 2005) threat, with the moderating effects of ethnocentrism cross-cultural comparison on Emotional Skills and with respect to item bias. Method: ESCQ scores and individual religiosity. The belief in the super- Competence Questionnaire (ESCQ). It consists of were examined by analyses of differential item 45 items divided in three subscales: a) perception iority of the European culture is shown to functioning (DIF; Zumbo, 1999) in samples of and understanding emotion, b) expression and Swedish and Croatian university students. Results: strengthened the inter-group negativity in the labeling emotion, and c) managing and regulating Although DIF-values were low in national compar- context of the Western-Arab world conflict. In emotion. Originally it is developed in Croatian isons of sex, cross-cultural comparisons revealed a mortality salience conditions, people with ethno- settings using theoretical model of EI established by number of items in all scales with values higher than centric beliefs support war on terrorism and the Mayer & Salovey (1997). At first, it was translated the commonly accepted level (>.035). Conclusions: Arab world. Moreover, the quest religiosity (Bat- in English, and after that in several languages all There is considerable item bias in the present son, et al, 1986) is shown to mitigate the inter-group ower the World. Swedish and Croatian versions when cross-cultural negativity in mortality salience conditions. comparisons are performed. Several reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Adaptation and validation studies of the ESCQ in Apologies as repentance rituals, forgiveness and the Portuguese context reconciliation in the case of countries with Faria, Luı´sa Fac. of Psychology and Educat., Validation of the emotion skills and competence internal collective violence University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Lima Santos, questionnaire in Chinese setting Paez, Dario Dept. of Social Psychology, University of Nelson Human and Social Sciences, Fernando Pessoa Xu, Qinmei Inst. for Psychology, Zhejiang University, Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain University, Porto, Portugal Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China Societal data was analyzed on the effects of Truth This study presents the adaptation and validation The Emotion Skills and Competence Questionnaire an Reconciliation Commissions on indexes of social of the ESCQ (Ta˘ksic, 2001) in the Portuguese (Taksic) was translated into Chinese. 1133 Chinese and emotional climate. A two (presence of apolo- context, using confirmatory factor analysis, with a adolescents were asked to complet the Chinese gies versus absence) between subjects design of sample of 730 students, 381 high school 10th and version. Results showed the internal consistency of independent measures was used. We tested the 12th graders, and 349 university 1st and 2nd the scale is 0.91 and the internal consistency of 3 hypothesis that the salience of apologies, when graders. The ESCQ includes 45 items and 3 subscales of Perceive & Understand, Express & compared to the absence of them, reinforced dimensions: ‘‘ability to perceive and understand Label, and Manage & Regulate were 0.74, 0.80, and national identification, agreement with new repara- emotion’’ (15 items), ‘‘ability to express and label 0.88, respectively. Item analysis indicated discrimi- tory behaviours, higher acceptance of in-group emotion’’ (14 items), and ‘‘ability to manage and nation of each item was good. A three-factor regulate emotion’’ (16 items). The results revealed participation in past negative behaviours, agree- structure of Perceive & Understand, Express & that the best fitted model has two correlated factors Label, and Mange & Regulate was validated. But ment with forgiveness as well as decreasing of (.55; perception and expression), and integrates there were crossover between Perceive and Express. minimization of frequency of collective violence, only 11 items from the original scale (R2>.30). Sufficient reliability and validity for the ESCQ in reframing of misdeeds and acceptation of the Chinese setting were found. typicality of members involved in collective vio- lence. Also, salience of apologies was supposed to Developmental differences in the effects of EI on reinforce universal values, social cohesion and a academic performance in Japanese students Cross-cultural comparison on ESCQ better emotional climate as well as collective guilt Toyota, Hiroshi Dept. of Psychology, Nara University Taksic, Vladimir Dept. of Psychology, University of and shame. Collective and experimental findings of Education, Nara, Japan Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia Mohoric, Tamara Dept. of are discussed in relation to the role of rituals of Developmental differences in the effects of emo- Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia Faria, expiation, repentance and collective guilt on the tional intelligence on academic performance were Luı´sa Faculty of Psychology and Educ, University of examined and compared with three habits: life, Porto/Portugal, Porto, Portugal Ra¨ty, Hannu Dept. of political processes of reconciliation. social, and study habits. Participants were 1,087 Psychology, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland Japanese students. Each of them completed a Avsec, Andreja Dept. of Psychology, University of Can deliberative procedures suppress questionnaire that has six revised items in the Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Molander, Bo Dept. of antagonistic tendencies in groups? shorten version of J-ESCQ (Toyota, Morita, & Psychology, Umea˚ University, Umea˚ , Sweden Reykowski, Janusz Inst. of Psychology, Polish Taksic, 2007) and additional 18 items examined the Extremera, Natalio Dept. of Psychology, University of Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland other three habits. Higher correlations of emotional Ma´ laga, Rijeka, Spain Toyota, Hiroshi Dept. of According to some normative theories of democ- intelligence scores with academic performances Psychology, Nara University of Education, Nara, racy, the existing discrepancies in interests, values, were observed in the third, the fourth, and the fifth Japan Rashid, Tabassum Dept. of Psychology, Effat and action programs should be resolved not merely graders. The results were interpreted as showing the College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia by power struggle but by rational analysis of importance of emotional control in learning setting The Emotional Skills and Competences Question- differences in debates based on equality and mutual in elementary school. naire was developed in Croatian settings, and then respect of the participants, that is by deliberative translated to Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Finnish, Portuguese and Japanese. The scale is a measure of procedures. However, it is well known that group Cross-cultural validation of emotional skills and trait emotional intelligence and includes three discussions take very often an adversarial course - competence questionnaire: Assessing structural subscales. Sufficient reliability for the total ESCQ Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 instead of fostering an agreement they lead to equivalence of adapted ESCQ for Argentina score and subscales in all seven countries were escalation of conflicts or to domination of one Mikulic, Isabel Maria Faculty of Psychology, found. Results showed significant differences in particular perspective. The question arises under University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina total scores of ESCQ and scores on all three what conditions political debate can meet the This study aims to discuss the cross-cultural subscales. The major difference was found in deliberative criteria? Theories and research in group validation of the Emotional Skills and Competence between scores in all European samples on one behavior suggest that interpretation of the meaning Questionnaire, consisting of 45 items divided into side, and Japanese sample on the other. Gender of situation, social identity and group norms are three subscales: perceiving and understanding emo- differences emerged in Perceive and Understand critical factors. The paper will present some specific tion, expressing and labeling emotion, and mana- emotions and Express and Label emotions sub- ging and regulating emotion. Classified as a ‘‘trait hypotheses derived from social psychological re- scales. emotional intelligence’’ or ‘‘perceived emotional search and will describe the results of an empirical intelligence’’ measure, ESCQ has been developed by study where groups of ordinary citizens as well as V. Taksic for Croatian settings using theoretical Psychometric properties of Vocabulary of groups of politicians were trying to solve some framework from the emotional intelligence model Emotion Test (VET) ideological differences or conflict of interests (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). However, it has been Mohoric, Tamara Dept. of Psychology, University of existing between them. It was found that in most already translated into many languages. Psycho- Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia Taksic, Vladimir Dept. of of the cases it was possible to reach satisfactory metric qualities, structural equivalence and relations Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia agreements in groups. The results of the experiment with several relevant constructs of translation and Emotional intelligence is usually defined as a four- have some bearing on the problem of reducing adaptation of the ESCQ for Argentina context is level set of abilities (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). antagonistic tendencies in groups. analyzed. Among these, ability to understand emotions is one Wednesday 23rd July 2008 355

that can be best measured with ability test. Work and organizational climate in the Nigerian Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Vocabulary Emotion Test (VET) was constructed manufacturing industries USA consists of 102 adjectives (short version has 35 Mogaji, Andrew A. Dept. of Psychology, University of Current theories of the error-related negativity items) describing emotional states and mood, and Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria (ERN or Ne), such as the conflict-monitoring and has correct answer, based on a solution from This study was aimed at investigating the effects of reinforcement-learning theories, propose that the Croatian dictionary (Anic´, 1994). Both versions organizational climate on employees’ commitment, ERN represents a strategic control process that involvement, motivation and satisfaction in some have satisfactory psychometric properties, with contributes to detecting errors or conflict and Nigerian manufacturing industries. Data were reliability coefficient a=0.91. Convergent-divergent adjusting subsequent performance. Largely ne- collected from 600 workers randomly selected from glected is the possibility originally proposed by validity was assessed compared TRE with several some food, shoes and textile industries in Lagos, Falkenstein, Coles and others that the ERN is traditional intelligence tests showing it has 44% of Nigeria. The test-retest administration of the involved in online control–detecting, adjusting or unique variance. VET was translated in English and measures over a 72-day period shows that the correcting the erroneous action. We review evidence Swedish. organizational climate of the three industries was from our laboratory and others that a reformula- stable and remained favourable during the time tion of the classic error-detection theory in terms of interval between test and retest. The multiple modern concepts of forward models in motor IS-087: Work and organizational regression analysis shows support for the hypoth- control is a viable candidate to explain the ERN. climate in international eses tested about the interaction among interperso- perspectives nal, intergroup and organizational climate factors facilitating commitment, involvement, motivation Noticing when things go wrong: Monitoring for and satisfaction among workers. conflicts and errors Andrew A. Mogaji (chair) Yeung, Nick Dept. Experimental Psychology, Oxford Work plays an important role in the lives of people. University, Oxford, United Kingdom Organizational safety climate and perceived It is true that apart from providing for the Activity within medial frontal cortex (MFC) has organizational support in Ghana economic and social needs of the individual, work consistently been observed in two situations: with Gyekye, Seth Dept. of Social Psychology, University provides some personal values and psychological incorrect responses, and with competition between needs of many workers. Unfortunately, the socio- of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland The study investigated the link between organisa- responses. Conflict-monitoring and error-likelihood psychological, economic and the political realities tional safety climate and perceived organizational theories of MFC function provide contrasting of our work environment have made the satisfac- support (POS) among 320 Ghanaian industrial accounts of these findings. According to the former, tion of these needs to be almost unascertainable. workers. Additionally, it examined the relationship the MFC functions to monitor for conflict, and Therefore, in this symposium, there will be an open with job satisfaction, compliance with safety shows error-related activity because incorrect re- discussion of the nature of work and how the management policies, and accident frequency. sponses involve conflict. The error-likelihood theo- characteristics of the work environment, often Perceptions of safety were measured with the 50- ry proposes that the MFC encodes the probability called organizational climate, have impacted on item workplace safety (WSS) developed by Hayes et of errors in given situations, and this results in the commitment, involvement, motivation and al. (1998). POS was measured with the short version conflict-related activity because errors are likely in satisfaction of workers from different nations. of Eisenberger et al.’s (1990) survey. The responses situations of conflict. I will describe experimental on the POS items were calculated and a median work that contrasts predictions made by the split was performed to segregate the sample into conflict-monitoring and error-likelihood theories. The influence of personal and organisational two groups: participants with high perspective factors on organisational climate in a large regarding organizational support (n = 166), and university participants with low supportive perspectives (n = Individual differences in medial prefrontal cortex, Baguma, Peter Inst. of Psychology, Makerere 154). The linear regression analysis indicated WSS conflict, error likelihood prediction and risk University, Kampala, Uganda to be a very good predictor of POS. Workers with aversion The objective of the study was to assess the positive perspectives regarding supportive percep- Brown, Joshua Psychological & Brain Sciences, influence of personal and organisational factors tions equally had positive perceptions on the safety Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Braver, Todd on organisational climate in a large university climate scale. Additionally, they expressed greater Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA setting. Data were collected from 120 randomly job satisfaction, were more compliant with safety management policies, and registered lower accident The error-likelihood hypothesis suggests that ante- selected staff of a large university in Uganda to rior cingulate cortex (ACC) activates in proportion assess role clarity, respect, communication, reward rates. The perceived level of support provided in an organization, apparently, is closely associated with to the perceived likelihood of an error. The same system, career development, planning and decision workplace safety perception and other organiza- computational model that generated this hypothesis making, innovation, relationships, team work and tional and social factors which are important for predicts that ACC will also be sensitive to the support, quality of service, conflict management, safety. magnitude of the consequences should an error commitment and morale, learning and training and occur, thus effectively encoding ‘‘expected risk.’’ direction. Data were analysed using t- test, ANO- Subsequent fMRI results have confirmed this VA and correlation analysis. Results indicated that IS-088: Dorsal anterior cingulate prediction and further suggest that ACC activity sex had no effect on all organisational climate cortex: Perspectives on its role in varies with individual differences in risk aversion. variables. Age, position and organisational tenure behavior and cognition We examined whether such differences could be had significant effects on some of the variables. captured in the original error-likelihood computa- tional model. Results strengthen the original theory, Matthew Botvinick (chair) showing how it can provide a unified account of The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is widely Organizational creativity and innovation and multiple individual-difference effects. psychological well-being among Swedish high- agreed to play a critical role in decision-making tech workers and executive control. Understanding its specific Rasulzada, Farida Dept. of Psychology, Lund functions is an ongoing challenge. This symposium The anterior cingulate cortex in learning and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 University, Lund, Sweden will bring together a group of cognitive neuroscien- reward-guided decision making The aims of this paper were to investigate the tists whose work has focused on the cingulate, to Rushworth, Matthew Experimental Psychology, relationships between organizational factors and review current theories of the area’s contribution to Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom Behrens, organizational creativity and innovation, and be- cognition and behavior. Among the proposals to be Tim FMRIB Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, United discussed are the idea that the cingulate monitors tween organizational creativity and innovation and Kingdom Walton, Mark Experimental Psychology, for error-likelihood or conflict, and the idea that it psychological well-being of 95 employees working Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom codes for action outcomes, supporting optimal When signal changes are recorded in the human in a high-tech field of industry. The two relation- decision-making. The relations among perspectives anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during choice ships were tested in a LISREL model that was will be considered, as will fruitful directions for behavior, their size varies with the degree to which confirmed. Organizational climate, team climate, future research. the choice is unconstrained and with the importance gardener leadership, work resources and workload of the outcome. A recent fMRI study suggests that were together related to organizational creativity Neural systems for error monitoring: Recent ACC activity changes with the length of the reward and innovation, and organizational creativity and findings and theoretical perspectives history needed to determine the next choice. Such innovation was related to the well-being of the Gehring, William Dept. of Psychology, University of information is critical for setting the rate at which employees. One important conclusion was the Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Liu, Yanni Dept. of learning occurs. Following ACC lesions, macaques establishment of the relationship between psycho- Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, show normal sensitivity to a decrement in reinforce- logical well-being and organizational creativity and USA Orr, Joseph Dept. of Psychology, University of ment but the influence of the extended reward innovation. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Carp, Joshua Dept. of history on choice is diminished. 356 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Conflict monitoring and decision making Reflections on cultural psychology in Application of cultural psychology for Botvinick, Matthew Inst. of Neuroscience, Princeton international and interdisciplinary perspective intervention in multilingual education program University, Princeton, NJ, USA Hartnack, Christiane Intercultural Studies, Donau- for tribal children in India According to one influential account, the anterior Universita¨ t Krems, Krems, Austria Panda, Minati Zakir Husain Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru cingulate cortex (ACC) serves to monitor for Increasingly, national, professional and private University, New Delhi, India conflicts in information processing. According to points of reference dissolve into multiple and The paper illustrates theoretical and methodologi- another influential account, the ACC monitors seemingly fluid relationships. In the midst of such cal applications of cultural psychology for develop- action outcomes and guides decision-making. A transformations, cultural psychologists are asked ing culturally meaningful and effective intervention current challenge is to discover how these perspec- to–and could–play important roles. While striving in an experimental program of multilingual educa- tives might fit together within a larger account. I’ll to have an impact, cultural psychologists them- tion for Kond and Saora tribal children in primary discuss the prospects for such a reconciliation. selves face the challenge of keeping pace with grades in India. Both critical reality and activity Juxtaposing the decision-making and conflict-mon- constantly changing realities. In order to focus theory perspectives are applied for selection of itoring accounts suggests an extension of the latter, more strongly on the real world, they also need to curricular areas and designing of pedagogic prac- tices for enhancement of children’s achievements in by which conflict would act as a teaching signal overcome the constraints of cultural constructs such school subject and social communicative skills. driving a form of avoidance learning. The effect of as national borders and academic disciplines. This Ethnographic data on the everyday knowledge of this mechanism would be to bias behavioral presentation highlights, analyses and discusses some science, mathematics, stories and riddles in the two decision making toward cognitively efficient tasks of the difficulties and pitfalls of international and communities are used by teachers and the MLE and strategies. interdisciplinary collaboration in cultural psychol- ogy. workers for guided development of child-focused classroom and individual activities for intervention. Calculating the cost of acting in frontal cortex Walton, Mark Dept. of Psychology, Oxford University, Multiperspectival methods in cultural historical IS-090: Keeping track of Oxford, United Kingdom activity theory: The fifth dimension and playworlds developments in self-regulated Whether to persist with a course of action or switch learning to an alternative is a decision that foraging animals Lecusay, Robert Lab. of Comparative Human Cogn, regularly face. Using discrete lesions in animals, we University of California, La Jolla, USA Monique Boekaerts (chair) have demonstrated that the anterior cingulate Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) is an Writing requires extensive use of meta-cognitive, cortex (ACC) may be one crucial component for interdisciplinary approach that emphasizes the primacy of social processes in human development. social, and motivational strategies. It also relies the cost-benefit calculations guiding such decisions. A key component of CHAT methodology is the heavily on writing beliefs and affects. Any writing Rats with ACC lesions show a bias away from design of activity systems around questions re- activity is always situated; it involves a dialogue persisting in effortful courses of action. Monkeys searchers wish to investigate. Researchers then between the writer and a potential reader. Students with ACC lesions update their behaviour in participate in and simultaneously study these conceptualize the reader while they write. In order stimulus- or response-switching tasks, but often fail systems. In this paper we present analyses of to understand students’ successive attempts at SR to persist with the correct response. These results adult-child interactions from two such systems: during the writing process it is essential to know the will be considered in the light of human neuroima- The Fifth Dimension and Playworlds. Though our accessibility and use of various cognitive and ging studies concerning persistence and flexible analyses are grounded in concepts central to affective strategies. The symposium focuses on the decision-making. CHAT, we propose a multipespectival methodol- interplay between cognitive and affective strategies ogy that productively puts CHAT into conversation during SR writing and on the relations between the with complementary approaches from performance social and instructional context and students’ IS-089: Research and applications studies and distributed cognition. strategy use. in cultural psychology

Home and school mathematics discourse: Investigating the integration of motivational Ajit Mohanty, Minati Panda (chair) Epistemological give-and-take orientations and self-regulation strategies: Cultural psychological research has examined the Employing a stimulated recall methodology Panda, Minati Zakir Husain Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru processes of the social or cultural construction of Kaplan, Avi Dept. of Education, Ben-Gurion University, New Delhi, India the person including thoughts, emotions, motiva- Social and cognitive bases of mathematics learning University, Be’er-Sheva, Israel tion, development, identity, and other psychological I contest a common view of SR as a unitary, in two psycho-semiotic environments, considered as constructs and for restructuring cultural processes distinct, a-contextual construct, and argue that two discursive contexts - home and school - are that lead to better psychological functioning both at different SR strategies are geared towards different explored to compare mathematical ideas and individual and collective levels. This symposium objectives. Different SR strategies become the concepts in everyday discourse in Saora community aims at discussing some empirical research, from active manifestation of different motivational or- (a tribe in India) and mathematics discourse carried ientations for the task. Investigating the embedded different cultural settings and using a variety of out in schools which Saora children attend. meaning of SR strategies within motivational theoretical and methodological perspectives, to Presence of ‘‘as if discourse’’ as a special character- orientations is a methodological challenge. I will explore the relationship between culture and human istic of modern school mathematics as well as functioning and to demonstrate applications of describe a stimulated recall methodology which various forms of everyday discourse are high- involves a micro-behavioral observation of high- cultural psychology in education and human lighted. It is argued that "as if discourse" can be development while critically examining theoretical school students’ engagement in writing activities used to connect everyday mathematics in indigen- followed by a stimulated recall interview in which bases of this approach to suggest some shift in ous activities and school mathematics by creating a emphasis. students report on the strategies they engaged in at common recognizable discourse frame. different points during engagement and the purpose for employing these strategies. Macro cultural psychology: A framework for Application of cultural psychology for understanding the relation between culture and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 intervention in multilingual education program From self-regulation to socially shared regulation psychology for tribal children in India of writing: Different voices in graduate students’ Ratner, Carl Dept. of Psychology, Institute for Cultur. Mohanty, Ajit Zakir Husain Centre for Ed., Jawaharlal writing Research, Trinidad, USA Nehru University, New Delhi, India Castello´ , Montserrat Educational Psychology, Ramon This paper develops macro cultural psychology as a The paper illustrates theoretical and methodologi- LLull University, Barcelona, Spain parsimonious, coherent theoretical framework that cal applications of cultural psychology for develop- Writing has been traditionally considered an explains the cultural origins, characteristics, and ing culturally meaningful and effective intervention individual and cognitive activity that requires the function of psychological phenomena. It uniquely in an experimental program of multilingual educa- management of the rhetoric problem as well as defines culture as primarily consisting of social tion for Kond and Saora tribal children in primary issues about planning, translating and revising. institutions, cultural concepts, and artifacts. I show grades in India. Both critical reality and activity Contemporary approaches to the SR of writing how these macro cultural factors constitute the theory perspectives are applied for selection of study the joint effects of ‘‘social’’ and ‘‘cognitive’’ primary social origins, characteristics, and function curricular areas and designing of pedagogic prac- dimensions on SR in real settings. We will examine of psychology. I explain how macro cultural tices for enhancement of children’s achievements in the role that communicative situations, context, and psychology leads to reforming social institutions, school subject and social communicative skills. interactions play in different models of SR and artifacts, and cultural concepts. The scientific and Ethnographic data on the everyday knowledge of contrast definitions of writing context, writer’s political utility of the theory complement each science, mathematics, stories and riddles in the two conception and activity, empirical methods, and other. The paper briefly compares macro cultural communities are used by teachers and the MLE units of analysis. We present a study with graduate psychology to micro cultural psychology, cross- workers for guided development of child-focused students to illustrate how these aspects are con- cultural psychology, and indigenous psychology. classroom and individual activities for intervention. sidered from a socially-situated perspective. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 357

Capturing the multiple components of self- Attachment, marital relationship, care and Psychology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, regulated writing: A systemic approach knowledge: A preventive intervention with first Spain Boekaerts, Monique Dept. of Educational Studies, parents The objective is to describe the program (APF) Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands Reichle, Barbara Educational Psychology, Univ. of aimed at promoting parental competences and Researchers in SR selected a limited set of Education Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany positive childrearing in families living under risky constructs, measured them, and determined their Franiek, Sabine Educational Psychology, University of psychosocial conditions. APF is a multi-site pro- effect on learning outcomes. This research did not Education, Ludwigsburg, Germany Ziegenhain, Ute gram delivered through weekly group meetings reveal the essential links between the components of Child & Adolescent Psychia, University of Ulm, Ulm, conducted by social agents. The method combines SR, mainly due to limitations in research metho- Germany Gebauer, Sigrid Child & Adolescent the parents exposition to other- and self- views with dology. We explored the patterns of SR in the Psychia, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany Kolb, a reflection on the consequences of parental action writing domain. To encompass the multiple facets Anne-Katrin Child & Adolescent Psychia, University of in concrete child-rearing episodes. Mode of im- of the SR of writing, we grafted the 6 component Ulm, Ulm, Germany plementation and program results are presented model on the writing domain and included numer- Objective. The preventive intervention program from the last community trial assessing the level of ous context variables. 1500 vocational students "The beginning counts" aims to strengthen parents’ psychosocial risk, social support, and parental took part in the writing assessment sessions. Our knowledge and competencies and the marital functioning. Evidence was found that indicates on-line assessment tool captured the SR of writing relationship during the transition to parenthood. positive program results on parental functioning and predictive methodology detected meaningful Method. Effects were evaluated with a pre-post and provides futures lines of improvement. patterns in it. design comparing trained (n=95) with untrained parents (n=77). Both groups completed question- IS-092: Acquisition of control naires assessing their knowledge concerning central Fictive systems approach in the identification of training issues, relationship satisfaction, self-con- Wolfgang Prinz, Iring Koch (chair) expected writing performance and the fidence in interacting with the child and anger Control is a multi-faceted psychological concept, classification and understanding of student management. Results and conclusion. Repeated which is characterized by the diversity of research performance characteristics measures analyses of variance showed positive fields and theoretical views. This symposium Cascallar, Eduardo Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, intervention effects on all variables except marital focuses on the control of cognitive processes. Brussels, Belgium Costigan, Tracy Boekaerts, satisfaction. Cognitive control needs to be acquired, which can Monique Dept. of Educational Studies, Leiden occur both on the short-term, such as in learning University, Leiden, Netherlands and practicing novel skills, and on the long-term, We used a predictive systems approach in the The ladybird study: A randomised controlled trial such as in development across infancy. This prediction of writing performance. These machine- evaluation of the lifestart parenting initiative symposium aims to bring together contemporary learning techniques offer an iterative methodology Sneddon, Helga Inst. of Child Care Research, Queen’s views on normal and disturbed development and that is capable of discovering complex relationships University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland Allen, Sarah NFER, learning of cognitive control in humans and non- and interactions in the inputs and outcomes. The Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland Morrison, human primates. To this end, international experts approach maximizes classification accuracy, and Nicoli Institute of Child Care Resear, Queen’s discuss how a more integrated conceptual frame- was able to model various outcome patterns from University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland work for cognitive control can be advanced. the 1500 students studied. A total accuracy of 96% Objective. To describe the Lifestart program and in the identification of ‘‘students-at-risk’’ was evaluation methodology. Method. Lifestart is a achieved. Techniques developed to explore the parent-directed child-centred programme of child Learning and cognitive control classification of students according to patterns development delivered to parents of children from Koch, Iring Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, RWTH Aachen, detected by the predictive systems in students’ birth to five years of age. Monthly, during a home- Aachen, Germany Prinz, Wolfgang Inst. fu¨r individual characteristics will be presented. The visit, trained Family Visitors bring age-appropriate Psychologie, Max-Planck-Institut, Leipzig, Germany implications for the application of these methods in learning materials and discuss these and the child’s The concept of cognitive control refers to the ability educational studies will be discussed. development with the parent(s). The programme is to recruit cognitive resources and mechanisms open to all parents residing in project areas required for performing given tasks in a goal- throughout Ireland. Results. A 5 year evaluation directed and context-sensitive manner. However, IS-091: Parenting prevention of this programme is just about to begin using performance costs in a task switch suggest that Randomised Control Trial (RCT) and qualitative cognitive control is prone to interference arising programs: An international from competing tasks. The presentation focusses on perspective methods. Conclusions: Outcome measures include child cognitive development, parenting knowledge, the role of elementary learning and memory processes implied in cognitive task control. To this social support and psychological wellbeing. Maria Jose Rodrigo, Jan Janssens (chair) end, we present an overview on recent empirical The symposium illustrates evidence-based programs findings suggesting that internal task representa- from the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Sweden, ’’The Incredible Years’’: Evaluation of the webster tions become associatively connected to external Germany and Spain. These programs differ from Sratton parent management training programme cues and stimuli. These findings raise the issue of each other in theory of change, intervention goals, in Sweden the dynamic interplay between learning and cogni- target group, type of practitioners, design of Axberg, Ulf Dept. of Psychology, Go¨ teborg University, tive control. evaluation, and outcome measures. However, all Go¨ teborg, Sweden Broberg, Anders Department of Psychology, Go¨ teborg University, Go¨ teborg, Sweden programs shared an emphasis to prevent child The evolution of cognitive control problems by promoting the quality of parenting The Incredible Years is offered to parents whose Call, Josep Inst. Evolution. Anthropologie, Max- and family functioning. The different methods of children display severe disruptive behaviour pro- Planck-Institut, Leipzig, Germany Amici, Federica working with parents will be addressed, as well as blems. Its aim is to promote positive parenting and Aureli, Filippo their practical implications for the implementation reduce harsh punishment. Parents meet with two Humans have evolved a notable ability to inhibit of programs in various countries. The discussion trained group-leaders weekly for 12-14 sessions. certain responses in favour of others to solve will address these points as well as the quality They practice various parenting skills enlightened problems. However, it is unclear when this ability Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 standards that should be met to improve program by video-vignettes. Objective: To evaluate the may have evolved. We investigated the evolution of effectiveness. effectiveness of the programme in Sweden. Method: inhibitory control by comparing seven primate Parents of 48 children aged 4-8 participated in the species in three tasks. One task required subjects study. A multi-informant, multi-method strategy Effects of Triple P to inhibit directly reaching for a visible reward, was used. Results: Preliminary results (pre – post Janssens, Jan Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud another required subjects to find a hidden reward intervention) indicate a statistically significant (p, University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands and another required selecting the smaller of two .01), and clinically relevant (effect sizes >.80), Objective: Study the effects of Triple P on quantities to net the larger one. Results suggested decrease in children’s disruptive behaviour. Final behavioural and emotional problems in preadoles- that the enhancement of inhibitory skills might be results will be presented and discussed. cent children and parenting. Method: Effects of more strongly related to socio-ecological pressures Triple P have been studied by comparing pre- and than to common evolutionary history. post tests, and by comparing Triple P parents with The ‘‘Apoyo Personal y Familiar’’ program for parents who received care as usual. Results: parents at high psychosocial risk Development of understanding the mind and Analyses show positive results of Triple P with Rodrigo, Maria Jose Dept. of Developm. Psychology, mental control regard to all dependent variables. Conclusions: University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain Byrne, Perner, Josef Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Triple P has to be implemented in more Dutch Sonia Developmental Psychology, University of La Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria cities as a parenting support program to prevent Laguna, La Laguna, Spain Maiquez, Marı´a Luisa Developmental investigations during preschool severe child problem behaviour and to prevent Developmental Psychology, University of La Laguna, years show persistent correlations between under- seriously inadequate parenting. La Laguna, Spain Martin, Juan Carlos Developmental standing the mind (‘‘theory of mind’’) and executive 358 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

control. We can rule out the methodological mental evaluations across the world. This sympo- have shown mercury-related neurobehavioral defi- explanation that theory-of-mind tasks are simply sium will illustrate methods used in evaluating the cits in motor, psychomotor, visual and/or cognitive tacit executive tasks. I argue for a common brain function of both children and adults exposed functions. We carried out a follow-up study, which denominator. Executive control differs from auto- to solvents, heavy metals and other chemicals. sought to maintain fish consumption while reducing matic control in that the former requires represen- Results of investigations in Belgium, the Amazon, mercury exposure. Re-testing after 5 years showed tation of one’s own intentions as intentions, a core the United States and Canada will be presented. element of ‘‘theory of mind’’. It remains open as to Intracellular systems in prenatal life and subsequent that persons ate the same quantity of fish, but fewer whether development of this core ability is primarily psychomotor and cognitive processes and functions carnivores; exposure diminished by 39%. Motor driven by advances in executive control or in in the brain are discussed as recent advances in the functions improved, but visual functions decreased attributing mental states to self and others, as field of neurotoxicology. Attending this symposium in relation to previous exposure. These findings assessed by theory of mind tasks. will contribute to theoretical and applied knowledge suggest that some mercury-related deficits, but not on neurotoxicants and neuropsychological meth- visual, may be reversible. The development of cognitive control: The odologies used. influence of verbal processes Karbach, Julia Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t des Linking neurotoxicology to cognitive Neuropsychological testing of adults exposed to Saarlandes, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Kray, Jutta neuroscience: A first attempt neurotoxicants Entwicklungspsychologie, Universita¨ t des van Thriel, Christoph Neurobehavioral Toxicology, Bowler, Rosemarie M. Dept. of Psychology, San Saarlandes, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Leibniz-Forschungszentrum, Dortmund, Germany Recent empirical findings suggest that the develop- Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA Juran, Stephanie A. Neurobehavioral Toxicology, ment of cognitive control abilities underlie different Selected neuropsychological tests are sensitive and Leibniz-Forschungszentrum, Dortmund, Germany specific to the evaluation of environmental or developmental trends throughout childhood. The During recent year’s substantial progress in neuro- occupational exposures to neurotoxicants. Exten- first aim of this presentation is to provide an toxicology and neuroscience have been made. overview of these findings, indicating that some sive research has been published reporting the use of neuropsychological testing in evaluating expo- Cognitive processes and functions of the brain can cognitive control abilities are acquired relatively be described at different levels of aggregation: early in development, such as the ability to ignore sures of adults to organic solvents, pesticides (i.e. organophosphates), gases and heavy metals. cellular level, neurotransmitter systems, neuronal irrelevant information, while others are acquired circuits, and brain areas. Neurotoxic mechanisms relatively slowly, such as the ability to maintain and Although evaluations of patients exposed to neu- to select relevant goals. The second aim is to rotoxicants traditionally requires a lengthy test have been identified on similar levels. These provide some evidence that language influences battery, experience and knowledge gained in the advances are not sufficiently linked with each other. some of these cognitive control processes and serves field suggests the efficacious use of a shorter, test Hence, we investigated effects of long-term occupa- as a useful tool to support the regulation of battery for adults. This presentation will illustrate tional toluene exposure, a chemical suspected to the use of clinical tests of cognitive, motor and behavior, especially in childhood. interact with the dopaminergic system, on set mood function in a proposed environmental study. shifting task performance. At life-time doses of 50 Typical development of cognitve control and ppm no diminution of performance were found. abnormal development in ADHD and autism Environmental neurotoxicants and child More research is needed to bridge the gap between Konrad, Kerstin Klinische Neuropsychologie, development neurotoxicology and –psychology. Universita¨tsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany Bellinger, David Dept. of Neurology, Children’s Kohls, Gregor Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate Hospital Boston, Boston, USA Immature cognition during typical development is The vulnerability of children to compounds that Could monoamine and intracellular calcium characterized by increased susceptibility to inter- disrupt the development of the central nervous systems be related to postnatal brain ference. Two frequent neurodevelopmental disor- system has raised the specter of a "silent pandemic" development? ders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention of environmental disease resulting from low-level Huel, Guy Dept. of Environmental Health, INSERM deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are both but chronic exposures to chemical contaminants. U472, Villejuif, France associated with marked deficits in cognitive control The evidence is compelling that neurotoxicities The monoamine and intracellular calcium systems abilities. In a series of behavioral and fMRI occur at environmentally-relevant exposures to are two major elements of the nervous system experiments, we investigated how the neural basis lead, methylmercury, and polychlorinated biphe- functions. However, their role in human brain of different aspests of cognitive control (such as nyls, while emerging evidence implicates arsenic, development is unclear. Studies on association interference control and response inhibition) devel- manganese, pesticides, and other chemicals among ops in healthy children and in children with ADHD the other 80,000 chemicals in commercial use. between the activity of these two systems during or ASD. Our results indicate some shared beha- Although the impact of such exposures on an prenatal life and subsequent psychomotor perfor- vioral deficits across both disorders but distinct individual child might appear to be modest, their mances are relevant. Prenatal factors influencing brain abnormalities associated with interference cumulative impact on population health and well- the monoaminergic and ATPases activities in the control and response inhibition in ASD and being could be enormous. early psychomotor development of humans could ADHD. be demonstrated. It is also suggested that specific Neurocognitive development of cognitive Persistence of neuropsychoogical changes in psychometric measures such as fine motor tests may control: fMRI studies on rule use across formerly exposed workers: Possible implications be a better developmental measurement to correlate development Viaene, Mineke K. Dept. of Occupational, Catholic with biochemical parameters than a general cogni- Crone, Eveline A. Dept. of Psychology, Leiden Universty of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium tive scales. Findings support the use of Ca pump University, Leiden, Netherlands Numerous industrial processes relay on organic activity as a biomarker of calcium mediated toxicity solvents which causes substantial health problems The ability to control our thoughts and actions has related to environmental in utero exposures. a long developmental trajectory, not reaching adult- in the work force. Although the acute neurotoxic level until late adolescence. Recent advances in potentials of most solvents were known for a long developmental imaging indicate that these changes time, only recently investigations documented ex- IS-094: Leadership and power posure causing an organic encephalopathy. In a Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 are associated with the maturation of subregions distance within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which each group of 90 formerly exposed workers we demon- contribute to different aspects of control. Using strated that even subsclinical effects on visuomotor fMRI, we investigated the role of different PFC function persist three years after exposure cessation. Kwok Leung (chair) regions when we adjust our behaviour on the basis This implies that neuropsychological tests can be Effective leadership is important for a group to of positive and negative feedback. Results of two used in secondary prevention. Although controver- achieve its goals in any cultural context, but what studies including over 90 participants show that sial, this may imply that aging-related neuronal defines good leadership may show some drastic medial PFC and lateral PFC have separate devel- attrition superimposed on these subclinical effects variation across cultures. Hofstede has identified opmental timecourses and that young children use might cause delayed clinical neuropsychological power distance as an important dimension to deficits emerging years after exposure cessation. different strategies when learning from feedback. characterize cultures, which refers to the extent to which hierarchies and inequalities are accepted in IS-093: Neuropsychological Neurotoxic effects of mercury exposure in fish- societies. This symposium explores the dynamics of eating populations of the Brazilian Amazon leadership and power distance in several diverse functioning after exposure to toxic Mergler, Donna De´ pt. des Sciences Biologie, cultural contexts, including Taiwan, Japan, Singa- environments Universite´ du Que´ bec, Montre´al, Canada In the Amazon, gold-mining and deforestation pore, Italy, and the U.S. In addition, using data Rosemarie M. Bowler (chair) release mercury into the aquatic systems where it from the GLOBE project, the relationships between Neurotoxic chemicals have been shown to cause bioaccumulates through the trophic chain, resulting power distance and leadership are explored in adverse health effects in occupational and environ- in elevated mercury in carnivorous fish. Studies cultures around the world. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 359

Power distance and authoritative leadeship Leadership structures, group norms and work will be presented showing the implementation of the matter: Probing the efficacy: Performance motivation in Japanese organizations auditory memory system. relationship in Taiwan Muramoto, Yukiko International Graduated School, Wang, An-Chih Dept. of Psychology, National Taiwan Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan Automatic and attentional detection of violations University, Taipei, Taiwan Chou, Li-Fang Department Yamaoka, Toru International Graduated School, in abstract auditory rules of Business Adminis, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan Schro¨ ger, Erich Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Taiwan Cheng, Bor-Shiuan Dept. of Psychology, The present research aimed to investigate which Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Bendixen, Alexandra Inst. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan factors could be good sensors to detect the fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany While the positive relationship between self-efficacy decreased motivation to work. Respondents of Horvath, Janos Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t and performance in the workplace is well-docu- our panel survey were staff and managers in Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Roeber, Urte Inst. fu¨r mented, whether this relationship varies with Japanese chain stores. The questionnaire consisted Psychologie, Universita¨t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany cultural value and leadership has received little of several scales, such as work attitude in the Trujillo-Barreto, Nelson Brain Dynamics Department, attention. Using a sample of 190 supervisor- previous month, passion for work, perceived Cuban Neuroscience Centre, Havana, Cuba Prinz, subordinate dyads from Taiwan, we found that quality of working life, leadership structure, and Wolfgang Human Cognitive and Brain Sci, Max Planck the positive relationship between employees’ crea- implicit rules in a workplace. Preliminary results Institute, Leipzig, Germany tive self-efficacy and performance (measured by suggest that leadership structure (i.e., combinations We investigated the automatic and intentional of formal and Informal leaders) and group norms rated creativity, number of formal suggestions, and encoding of abstract rules inherent in sound have a strong impact on work motivation of overall performance rating) was stronger for sequences. Rules concerned within-feature (‘‘as- employees. Further results of longitudinal analysis individuals low (versus high) on power distance. cending frequency between successive tones’’) or in a workplace and comparative analysis across between-feature relations (‘‘short tone is followed We also found that authoritative leadership inter- workplaces will be presented. acted with creative self-efficacy: the relationship by low tone, long tone is followed by high tone’’). between creative self-efficacy and performance was Initially, none of the subjects acquired explicit stronger when authoritative leadership was high. The differential relationship of the immediate knowledge of the rule nor became aware of the supervisor and top management on collective presence of rule violations (e.g. infrequent descend- efficacy ing frequency with an ‘‘ascending’’ rule). Never- Leader-subordinate relational identity and Borgogni, Laura Dept. of Psychology, University ’La theless, rules and their violations were prosocial organizational behavor: The Sapienza’, Roma, Italy Petitta, Laura Dept. of automatically detected as revealed by the elicitation moderating effects of power distance Psychology, University ’La Sapienza’, Roma, Italy of the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) brain wave. It Chou, Li-Fang Business Administration, Yuan Ze Dello Russo, Silvia Dept. of Psychology, University ’La seems that this automatic encoding of rules partly University, Chung-Li, Taiwan Cheng, Bor-Shiuan Sapienza’, Roma, Italy Latham, Gary Rotman School governs the intentional encoding. Department of Psychology, National Taiwan of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, University, Taipei, Taiwan Jiang, Ding-Yu Department Ontario, Canada The role of implicit memory representation in of Psychology, National Chung Cheng Universit, Chia- Professionals (N = 797) in an Italian mail delivery everyday auditory perception Yi, Taiwan organization were administered a questionnaire Winkler, Istva´n Dept. of General Psychology, Institute Relational identity is significant in Chinese organi- measuring self- and collective efficacy, perceptions for Psychology, HAS, Budapest, Hungary zations. This study classified leader-subordinate of their immediate supervisors (IS) and top manage- In everyday life, multiple sound sources are active relational identity into expressive and instrumental ment (TM), organizational commitment (OC) and in the environment. The mixture of sounds arriving relational identity. We explored the influence of job satisfaction (JS). SEM tested the hypothesized to the ears is sorted into coherent sound sequences leaders’ leader-subordinate relational identities nomological net. Self-efficacy, IS and TM were (auditory streams) by heuristic algorithms, many of upon subordinates’ prosocial organizational beha- related to CE which in turn was related to JS more which require information about past behavior of vior (POB); and further probed into the moderating so than to OC. Specifically, IS displayed a stronger previously detected streams. We suggest that this effect of subordinates’ power distance values. relationship with CE and JS, while TM was related information is provided by implicit memory repre- Results from a sample of 795 dyadic leader- to OC. This study points to the necessity of sentations taking the form of predictive neural subordinate data demonstrated that expressive intervening on employees’ perceptions of leadership models, which have been established by extracting relational identity was positively related to all at different levels for CE and OC enhancement. regularities from the auditory input. These models POB dimensions; instrumental relational identity also underlie the deviance detection process re- was negatively related to POB-leader and POB- Leadership processes and power distance: A flected by the mismatch negativity event related coworker, but not to POB-organization. Finally, fundamental relationship potential an electric brain response involved resol- ving competition between alternative sound orga- subordinates’ powder distance played a moderating Dorfman, Peter Dept. of Management, New Mexico nizations. role in the relatonshps between relational identity State University, Las Cruces, USA and prosocial organizational behavior. Leadership Processes and Power Distance: A Fundamental Relationship Peter W. Dorfman A multimodal look on the neuroanatomy of the New Mexico State University The objectives of this auditory mismatch response Culture and power distance effects on norm- presentation are to explore the cultural effects of Deouell, Leon Dept. of Psychology, Hebrew enforcement: Intuitive prosecutors as fair but Power Distance on various aspects of leadership. University, Jerusalem, Israel softer toward leaders Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), the Violation of regularities at multiple organizational Singh, Ramadhar Dept. of Psychology, Nat. University GLOBE data set of 62 countries provides evidence levels and along every acoustic dimension elicits a of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Tasuo, Fujimori to the importance of Power Distance on leadership distinct set of electrical brain responses, the hall- Dept. of Psychology, Yokohama Natl Univ, Japan, processes. Charismatic/Value Based and Participa- mark of which is the mismatch negativity. Are the Japan Yamaguchi, Susumu Dept. of Social tive leadership prototypes are endorsed in low responses all elicited by a central ‘deviance detector’ Psychology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan power distance societies and organizations whereas or are they dependent on diverse processors with Osborne, Chandra Dept. of Psychology, University of Self-Protective leadership is endorsed in high power some domain specificity? In this presentation, I will Connecticut, Connecticut, USA Srinivasan, Hans Dept. distance societies and organizations. The implica- review findings concerning the intracranial sources Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 of Marketing, University of Connecticut, Connecticut, tions for managerial leaders and as yet unanswered of mismatch responses, from multiple imaging USA Fisher, Jeffrey D. Dept. of Psychology, University questions will be discussed. modalities, including inverse solutions of EEG of Connecticut, Connecticut, USA and MEG data, hemodynamic measurements In two experiments, Easterners and Westerners (PET and fMRI), and particularly data from recommended punitive actions against those in- IS-095: Psychophysiology of patients with circumscribed brain lesions. These volved in an organizational decision leading to an hidden memories data suggests that diverse brain regions support the in-group bias in pay revision. The status of people mismatch response. (chair vs. committee) and the circumstance (control Istvan Czigler (chair) vs. extenuating) of the decision were manipulated. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) disclosed Representation of regularities in visual memory: Americans were harsher than Singaporeans or memory systems capable of representing regularities Event-related potential studies Japanese independent of the status of decision in auditory and visual stimulation. Mismatch Czigler, Istvan Budapest, Hungary makers. However, situational correction was made components (auditory and visual MMN) emerge As many influential demonstrations (e.g. change in actions against the chair but not against the whenever a stimulus violates the established regula- blindness) shows, visual changes outside the focus committee in both the cultures. Mediators of the rities. The function of such implicit memory systems of attention frequently remain unnoticed. However, cultural and circumstance effects were anger and/or will be discussed in relation to veridical perception visual stimuli violating regularities of stimulation the punishment goal of deterrent. Obviously, and attentional processing. ERP research also may elicit an event-related potential (ERP)compo- intuitive prosecutors are fair but softer toward indicates that visual stimuli are processed at nent, the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), even leaders. semantic level by implicit memory systems. Data if there are no conscious representations of the 360 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

regularity/irregularity. VMMN is sometimes pre- experimental alternatives with which psychologists Understanding the higher rates of suicide ceded by an earlier posterior ERP component. are familiar. attempts among Hispanic teenage females VMMN emerges to deviant stimulus features Zayas, Luis George Warren Brown School, (color, spatial frequency, motion direction, con- Washington University, St. Louis, USA Institutionalizing the randomized experiment as trast), to the conjunction of features (objects), and Two decades of national surveys conducted in the to sequential and temporal irregularities. the praxis model in educational evaluation in the US U.S. show that adolescent Hispanic females report Wong, Vivian Dept. of Policy Research, Northwestern suicidal behaviors, including suicide ideation and Ultra-rapid and involuntary semantic processing University, Evanston, IL, USA attempts, at higher rates than U.S. youth of other of stimuli in rsvp streams This paper describes the 2001-2007 funding activ- ethnic and racial groups, however only recent Pesciarelli, Francesca Cognition and Language Lab., ities of the Institute for Education Sciences (IES) research has been focused on Hispanic girls. This Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy that are designed to privilege random assignment paper presents theoretical explanations drawn from An Attentional Blink paradigm was used to directly experiments in American educational research. This cultural psychology, female development, and compare and contrast semantic and repetition priority is manifest in IES’ research grant programs, family functioning. Findings from qualitative and priming to reported versus missed words. Three evaluation research activities, training programs, quantitative analyses will be presented. The phe- target words (T1, T2, T3) were embedded among founding of a novel professional association, and nomenology of the suicide attempts suggests a rapidly black non-word distractors for report at the recruiting psychologists and economists into educa- end of each trial. T1 was never related to T2 and tion research. Although this agenda was initially dissociative process not unlike other well-known T3, while, T2 and T3 were unrelated, semantically met with resistance, the process of privileging cultural syndromes. Questionnaire data points to related, or identical. Whether or not T2 was experiments is now well underway. But will it malalignments in the relationship between adoles- reported, I observed both semantic and repetition outlast the Bush Administration, and be incorpo- cent females and their parents, especially their priming of T3 in both report accuracy and certain rated into university teaching curricula and the mothers. ERP measures. The results suggest that semantic decisions of journal editors? and repetition priming appear to engage at least partially overlapping mechanisms. Mexican ethnopsychology and measurment Education of evaluation in German-speaking Reyes Lagunes, Isabel Facultad de Psicologı´a, Nat. countries Auton. Univ. of Mexico, Me´ xico City, Mexico IS-096: Evaluation policy and Soellner, Renate FB 12, AB Evaluation, Freie Assuming that the purpose of all psychological test practice in different countries Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany is to obtain a representative sample of behaviors in The education in evaluation has been part of the which the characteristic, we want to measure is Thomas D. Cook, Renate Soellner (chair) academic formation in psychology in Germany for reflected, a series of qualitative-quantitative techni- Within this symposium our goal is to emphasize the two decades. With an increased demand on ques have been developed to efficiently and ethical evaluators in various social fields in the last years significance of evaluation in today’s society, espe- evaluate Mexican populations since it allows us to a growing offer of master programs in evaluation cially in the field of psychology. The symposium identify the ‘‘etic’’ and ‘‘emic’’ elements of the will promote the exchange of information and emerged. In order to reveal the contents of a psychological constructs. The technique of Mod- opinions among international evaluation experts. psychological based education in evaluation re- Therefore the policy and practice of evaluation search a web based research of academic courses of ified Natural Semantic Networks (Reyes-Lagunes, research in different countries will be reflected. 44 German institutes of psychology was conducted. 1993) is presented as well as diverse examples of its Difficulties of applied evaluation research and The results of the study will be discussed against the use. Besides, universal instruments and definitions answers to these problems will be discussed. In background of master programs’ topics in evalua- will be contrasted with the peculiarities found in our particular, specifics when doing evaluation in tion research in German-speaking countries. country. developing countries will be presented. Further- more, the issue of educating evaluators will be Evaluation policy and practice in German- raised. Assertivness and copying in Mexican children speaking countries Flores-Galaz, Mirta Dept. of Psychology, Universidad Spiel, Christiane Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Autonoma Yucatan, Merida, Mexico Empirically validated non-experimental methods Wien, Wien, Austria The development of assertiveness is a complex in evaluation The significance of evaluation and its constant process which occurs through time and is linked to Steiner, Peter M. Dept. of Policy Research, development require a continual dialogue between the developmental processes, inserted in a cultural professionals involved in scientific evaluation, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA context. The objective of this research is to present Randomized experiments constitute the gold stan- evaluation implementation, and commissioning of studies used to elaborate a scale of measurement dard for evaluating treatments and social programs. evaluation. To meet these demands the DeGEval – Since randomized experiments are often hard to Gesellschaft fuer Evaluation was founded in 1997. assertiveness for children, as well as to explore the implement non-experimental methods are fre- Central aims of the DeGEval are: (1) professiona- relationship among coping styles, attachment styles, quently employed to estimate causal effects: regres- lization of evaluation by e.g., the ‘‘Standards for and the locus of control. In these studies, partici- sion discontinuity designs, interrupted time series Evaluation’’ and the ‘‘Guidelines for Evaluation pated 1487 children from the city of Merida, designs, or non-equivalent comparison group de- Clients’, (2) consolidation of different perspectives, Yucatan, Mexico, selected through a non probabil- signs. Here, we mainly focus on propensity score and (3) promotion of information flow and istic sample. The statistic analysis is presented for techniques for balancing non-equivalent groups. dialogue. The paper presents the DeGEval’s con- each one of them and the findings are discussed tributions to these goals and discusses evaluation Using an experimental within-study comparison of from the Mexican ethnopsychology. a randomized and quasi-experiment as well as policy and practice in the German-speaking coun- corresponding results from Mexico’s PROGRES- tries. SA program we empirically show under which IS-098: The 2nd century of ’mental conditions non-equivalent group comparisons can reproduce experimental results. These conditions IS-097: Research with Hispanic tests’: Perspectives and prospects Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 include the measurement of all covariates related to populations in the Americas on assessment in the 21st century treatment selection and outcome as well as suffi- cient overlap, i.e. homogeneity of groups. Rolando Dı´az-Loving (chair) James Pellegrino (chair) Wundt (1916) pioneered both behavioral and 2008 marks the 100th anniversary of Binet & Special considerations when doing evaluations in cultural psychology. In retrospect, his principal Simon’s publication Le de´veloppement de l’intelli- developing countries: The experience of the objective of integrating them into an objective, gence chez les enfants. in L’Anne´e psychologique.. World Bank and of regional development banks generalizable, yet culturally sensitive science is a Their seminal work helped spawn the 1st century of Cook, Thomas D. Dept. of Policy Research, project in progress. An ecological or cultural mental tests. Without doubt, the assessment of Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA perspective requires direct inclusion or measure- individual intellect has had a profound effect on This paper describes and critically analyzes the ment of cultural and structural variables as well as psychology and education across the globe. As we more recent evaluation philosophy and practice in functional relationships of psychological variables begin the 2nd century of mental testing, a group of international agencies dealing with developing within a cultural system. In this symposium we scholars from across the globe has been assembled nations, especially the World Bank and regional address the contributions that emic studies with to consider what we now understand about the development banks. An explanation is offered as to Hispanic populations living in the Americas have why this philosophy was adopted. The explanation on the development of further theme selection, nature of human intellect and individual achieve- emphasizes the perceived failure of strategies theory building, measurement issues, intervention ment and its implications for theory and practice in predicated on statistical adjustments for selection strategies and evaluation. In particular, suicide, the fields of psychological and educational assess- bias and the growing sense of the viability of family, children and self will be touched on. ment. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 361

Integrating learning theory in an era of IS-099: Advances in evidence- An update on research-informed benchmarks for accountability testing based psychological practice psychological treatments Gitomer, Drew Policy Evaluation & Research, Lee, Catherine Dept. of Psychology, University of Educational Testing Service, Princeton, USA Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Determining the effectiveness of schools, teachers, John Hunsley (chair) Hunsley and Lee (2007) conducted a focused review and educational interventions has increasingly In this symposium we present a sense of the scope of the treatment effectiveness literature published relied on outcomes of large-scale standardized of evidence-based practice in psychology and up until March 2006. A comparison of data from illustrate some of the promises and challenges achievement tests together with increasingly sophis- these studies to benchmarks from recent reviews of associated with such practices. Beginning with a ticated analytic evaluative models and research efficacy trials revealed treatment completion rates focus on assessment, developments in evidence- designs. However, the usefulness of these techniques comparable to those found in the efficacy bench- based psychological assessment and the scientific is limited by the quality of assessment instruments marks. Moreover, in most instances, the improve- basis of clinical case formulation will be explored. that remain relatively divorced from theories of ment rates were comparable in effectiveness studies Turning to evidence-based treatments, the impor- learning and performance. This schism also leads to to those reported in randomized clinical trials of tant issues of considering treatment acceptability as treatment efficacy. In this presentation, the review unfortunate practices in school systems and class- part of service delivery and dissemination efforts will be updated to include studies published rooms. This talk will describe a project being and evaluating the results of treatment effectiveness between March 2006 and March 2008. Recommen- conducted at ETS that builds on advances in studies are examined. The symposium concludes dations for practice and research will be presented. cognitive science, technology, and psychometrics with an illustration of how research can and should to design a new approach to the assessment of inform efforts to develop and implement prevention student learning outcomes. Systemic challenges facing school based mental programs. health programs Santor, Darcy Dept. of Psychology, University of Diagnostic testing that just might make a Evidence-based assessment Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada difference Hunsley, John Dept. of Psychology, University of School based health centers, early identification Wiliam, Dylon Inst. of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada screening programs and curriculum based preven- London, London, United Kingdom In recent years there has been growing attention to tion programs are three of the most common There is appeal in the idea that assessment might the importance of ensuring that psychological delivery modalities for mental health problem support instruction, as well as measuring its effects, assessment instruments are firmly supported by identification and intervention in schools. Many but to date the contribution of the psychometric scientific evidence. In this presentation, diverse of the challenges facing these various initiatives are community has been limited. Diagnostic tests are strategies that have been proposed for determining systemic but may be resolved by embedding them relatively insensitive to instruction, provide instruc- within a health literacy framework emphasizing the extent to which an instrument is evidence-based tional guidance that arrives too late to be useful, knowledge acquisition and by implementing these will be briefly reviewed. Additionally, to illustrate and are more focused on what students have not programs with interactive, internet based tools. I the range of evidence-based instruments that are learned, rather than what might be done about it. In illustrate how internet-based approaches can ad- available for both clinical and research purposes, this paper, I describe a model for the development dress a number of these challenges, including (a) examples will be provided of evidence-based of single items that can be integrated by teachers increasing the availability and accessibility mental instruments for assessing both youth and adults. health resources, (b) improving knowledge uptake into their own classroom practice as ‘‘hinge-point’’ Finally, a case will be made regarding the pressing questions, allowing them to make ‘‘real-time’’ and ensuring on-going evaluation, and (c) max- need for research evidence that addresses the imizing program sustainability. adjustments to instruction. clinical utility of psychological instruments.

A cognitive architecture framework for the Empirical foundations of case formulation IS-100: Disaster trauma and assessment of the human mind: Modular Haynes, Stephen N. Dept. of Psychology, University intervention approaches and technical advances of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA Cascallar, Eduardo Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Clinical case formulation is based on the assump- Damodar Suar (chair) Brussels, Belgium tion that, compared to standardized treatments, On average, more than two disasters occur every- The renewed focus on a cognitive architecture as matching treatment mechanisms to causal relations day somewhere in the world. Natural disasters are the basic tool to understand the functions of the for clients’ behavior problems will result in en- most devastating in developing countries and cause human mind and its connections to the underlying hanced treatment outcome. The arithmetic and widespread human sufferings. Following a disaster, physical structure, has renewed the emphasis on conceptual models underlying the presumed bene- survivors are plunged into psychological and accurately representing and measuring the function- fits and challenges of clinical case formulation will physical sufferings. Survivors need psychosocial ing of the modular components involved in our be presented. Additionally, necessary research de- care and survival necessities to ameliorate their ‘‘mind’s functioning’’. New measurement ap- signs and data on the incremental outcome of conditions. With this backdrop, the symposium proaches and technical developments assess the clinical case formulation for several behavior aims to discuss the disaster trauma, its causes, risk emergence of and the level of functioning of such problems (focusing on severe behavior problems) and protective factors of trauma at individual level, cognitive functions through the understanding of will be presented and the mass-hysteria and fear psychosis at the the independent modules and their interactions, community level. It further aims to focus on opening new possibilities in the assessment of intervention strategies to ameliorate the trauma at mental functions, and the understanding of the role Parents’ acceptance and use of evidence based individual level and the symptoms at community of consciousness and mental workspace in efficient treatments for childhood Attention-Deficit/ level. information processing. Hyperactivity Disorder: How to sell what works Johnston, Charlotte Dept. of Psychology, University Phase-specific intervention for psychosocial of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Mah, Janet sequel of disasters: A longitudinal perspective for Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Educational assessment and advances in the Dept. of Psychology, University of British Columbia, improving disaster planning understanding of human learning Vancouver, Canada Masters, Geoff Educational Research, Australian Medication and behavior management are evi- Kar, Nilamadhab Dept. of Psychiatry, Wolverhampton Council for, Camberwell Vic, Australia denced-based (EB) treatments for childhood Atten- City PCT, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom Disasters are traumas of such magnitude that the Research into human learning during the 20th tion-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). internal existing systems fail to cope with the century underlined the importance of providing However, parents are frequently reluctant to use effects. Psychiatric outcomes vary among indivi- individuals with learning opportunities appropriate these treatments and prefer nonEB alternatives. We duals and societies depending on their psycho- to their current levels of readiness and motivation; present studies examining parents’ acceptability and socioeconomic status, resource loss, personal mean- of developing deep understandings of concepts and use of these treatments. Parents see medication as ing of loss, and adequacy of external intervention. principles that provide meaning and structure to less acceptable than behavioral treatment, despite The paper discusses the conceptual framework of knowledge; and of providing supportive learning acknowledging medication’s greater effectiveness. different phases relevant to psychosocial sequelae of environments that encourage risk-taking, self-mon- Acceptability of behavioral treatment predicts disasters taking into consideration of manifesta- itoring and a positive view of one’s own capacity for short-term, but not longer-term, use. In addition, tions and needs over a period of time. Supporting learning. This paper will consider the implications factors such as parents’ beliefs about ADHD and evidences for predisaster warning phase, during and of this research for educational assessment in the attributions for child behavior predicted aspects of immediately after, early, recent and remote post- 21st century. It will be argued that a greater focus acceptability and adherence to these EB treatments. disaster phases based on their manifestations and will be required on the use of assessments to explore The implications for increasing parental uptake of needs are provided along with suggestions for and understand the learning progress of individuals. EB treatments are considered. phase-appropriate interventions. 362 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Exploring the psychological scar of tsunami in Psychosocial support and intervention in Godhra Motivation and healthy life styles in adolescents children and adolescents riots Cervello, Eduardo Art, Humanities and Laws, Bhushan, Braj Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT Nanda Biswas, Urmi Clinical and Health Psychology, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain Kanpur, Kanpur, India Whitelands College, London, United Kingdom This study analyzes the relationships between the A three phase study was conducted to understand The Godhra riots in 2002 witnessed about 1,000 motivational climate, goal orientations, the assess- the psychological aftereffects of the December 26, deaths and large number of families were uprooted ment of physical education classes and the beha- 2004 tsunami on children and adolescent victims and forced to seek shelter in rehabilitation camps. vioral patters of healthy (i.e., practicing sports as (primary and secondary). Initially, posttraumatic The enormous pain and loss to people was not easy extra-curricular activity), and non-healthy lifestyles stress and emotional distress were measured in 101 to overcome. Civil societies planned intervention (consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs) child victims. This was followed by examining 130 that resulted in the Gujarat Reconciliation Pro- of 502 physical education students. A correlational- children and adolescents who did not directly gramme launched by CARE India, and also the descriptive methodology was employed. The results experience this catastrophe but had verbal/ pictorial intervention initiated by Action Aid India. In this indicated that the perception of a task-involving exposure of it. Finally, young volunteers who paper, case studies of five organizations namely; motivational climate predict positively the student’s rushed to one of the sites as relief volunteers were UTTHAN, OLAKH, UNNATI, SEWA, and assessment of the physical education classes. Perception of an a ego-involving the motivational studied. Females reported higher rate of symptoms Tribhubandas Foundation are covered in riot- climate predicts negatively this assessment. Addi- in the affected group. Non-affected males were affected area. Their intervention in managing tionally, the assessment of the physical education higher on intrusion and females on withdrawal emotions, anxiety, support, and lifestyle modifica- classes predicts positively the practice of extracurri- symptoms. tion is presented and implications are discussed. cular sport activity and, such practice predicts negatively the consumption of drugs Resource loss and trauma IS-101: Social and cognitive Das, Namita CAS in Psychology, Utkal University, IS-103: Gene x environment variables related with physical Bhubaneswar, India Suar, Damodar Humanities and interactions in the life-course Social Sciences, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India activity practice development of temperament and The study examines the impact of resource loss and attachment social support on disaster trauma of tsunami Jesu´ s Rodrı´gez Marı´n (chair) survivors. Data were collected through structured The objective of this Symposium is to show the interview schedule 14 months after the tsunami more relevant lines of investigation analyzing Liisa Keltikangas-Jarvinen (chair) from 416 survivors in Nagapattinum district. The theoretical and practical perspectives about the Interactions between genes and childhood environ- postdisaster trauma was assessed using measures of prediction of sport and physical activity practice. ments in human development have evoked increas- ing interest. Serotonin system has been suggested to posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and physical health Concretely, in this symposium we present results of have a special role in a development of personality. symptoms. The results reveal that the loss of varied investigations that have applied different theoretical Here, an effect of an interaction between serotonin resources increases the postdisaster trauma. In- models that improve the understanding of the system and childhood environment on adulthood crease in received social support enhances perceived processes of acquisition of the exercise behavior. temperament, depression, and attachment have social support and both decrease postdisaster Different models as the Eccles’ (1996) expectancy- been studied. The findings suggest an obvious role trauma. The internal control, communal mastery, estimates socialization model and Bronfenbrenner’ of serotonin in a development of human tempera- and coping style interacting with the extent resource s (1993) ecological systems approach to develop- ment, however so, that there mostly exists no main loss and social support have buffered the post- ment, the self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, effect of serotonin on adulthood outcomes, but disaster trauma. 2002), the achievement goals theory (Nicholls, serotonin moderates a way how a person experi- 1989), and the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, ences his or her environment. In addition, adult- 1991) applied to the study of the acquisition of Outgrowing the trauma: Some lessons from hood attachment may be, at least partly, healthy-lifestyles and the sport dropout, were disasters in India biologically rooted. analyzed. Misra, Girishwar Dept. of Psychology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India The serotonin transporter in emotion regulation Disasters arrest the normal functioning at indivi- The role of significant others in the practice of and social cognition dual and community levels by causing unantici- physical activities Lesch, Klaus-Peter Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, pated loss of material and human resources and Brustad, Robert School of Sport and Exercise, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany creating health problems. This presentation exam- Unversity of Nothern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA Objectives: The gene encoding the serotonin trans- ines the various consequences of disasters at This presentation will focus on the nature of porter (5-HTT) has been associated with anxiety- individual and community levels and efforts to significant other influence on the physical activity related traits and susceptibility for depression. Here cope and outgrow from the trauma. The role of and sport involvement of children and adolescents. we highlight recent discoveries related to allelic socio-economic and psychological sub systems in The nature and type of significant other influence variation of 5-HTT function with respect to defining trauma and reconfiguring their lives for changes substantially according to the age and emotion regulation and social behavior, drawing healthy development is examined. The results imply developmental status of the individual affected, and from an interdisciplinary perspective of behavioral an urgent need to evolve culturally embedded according to the context and meaning that char- genetics and cognitive neuroscience. Results: We comprehensive support systems in the developing acterizes the involvement. Relevant theoretical compare two models of 5-HTT-dependent modula- countries like India which are becoming more perspectives will be addressed, most notably Eccles’ tion of brain activity and discuss the role of life vulnerable in the wake of population pressure, expectancy-value theory and future directions stress experience in modifying 5-HTT function in environmental hazards and inadequate technology. identified. Current methodological advances will the brain. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the impact of the 5-HTT gene on behavior is much also be discussed. broader than is commonly appreciated and may Disaster and trauma: Who suffers and who have a role in social cognition. recovers from trauma, and how? Motivation, commitment and drop-out in youth Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Suar, Damodar Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT elite soccer Temperament in childhood as a predictor of Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India Das, Namita CAS in ˜ Torregrosa, Miquel Psic. BAsica y Evolut., Universitat Harm Avoidance in adulthood: Moderation by the Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain Cruz, Jaume 5-HTR2A gene This study examines the occurrence of disasters, Psicologia Ba` sica, Universitat Auto´ noma Barcelona, Pulkki-Ra˚ back, Laura Dept. of Psychology, University disaster trauma, causes of trauma, and intervention Barcelona, Spain Sousa, Catarina Psicologia Ba` sica, of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Merjonen, Pa¨ ivi Dept. of strategies. In India, a disaster occurs in each eight Universitat Auto´ noma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland days and natural disasters are most devastating. The present study explored the relations between Jokela, Markus Dept. of Psychology, University of Disaster trauma manifests in cognitive, affective, motivation, commitment and drop-out in youth Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Salo, Johanna Dept. of behavioural, and physical symptoms. What causes soccer players. One hundred and twenty eight Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland trauma are the reactivation of disaster memory, young soccer players competing in elite leagues Lehtima¨ ki, Terho Medical School, University of resource loss, and inadequate social support. participated in the study. Results show that elite Tampere, Tampere, Finland Severely exposed victims, children, elderly, poor, youth players are both highly ego and task oriented, Objectives: To study the association of childhood lowly educated people, low caste survivors, widows/ and that they show high levels of sport commit- temperament (Emotionality, Sociability, Activity) widowers, and members from larger families are at ment. At the beginning of the following season with adulthood Harm Avoidance and whether the risk for trauma. Certain personality characteristics 80,4% of the players continued in the same team, association is moderated by the serotonin receptor and social support buffer trauma. Intervention and the 19.6% of so-called drop-out split in 16.46% 5-HTR2A gene. Methods: 21-year follow-up study strategies are discussed to ameliorate trauma during of change of club, 0.60% of changing sport and only of 852 participants from a population-based sample different phases of natural disasters. a 2.43% of effective drop-out of youth elite soccer. aged in average 10 years at the baseline. Results: Wednesday 23rd July 2008 363

Higher Sociability predicted lower Harm Avoid- role of early mother–child relationship in adult children’s feeling of ethnic identity, well-being, ance over 21 years (B=-0.11, p= .002). However, in attachment-related temperament may depend on future life plans and potential for integration into a subgroup of carriers of the T/T variant of the 5- allelic variation in the HTR2A gene. Canadian society. Children’s perceptions of school HTR2A, higher Sociability was associated higher environment will also be reported. Statistical Harm Avoidance. Conclusions: Early temperament IS-104: Adolescent analysis together with the qualitative analysis of manifests itself in adulthood differentially, depend- psychoemotional wellbeing during the interviews was conducted to reveal direct and ing on genetic factors that regulate the serotonergic moderated relations among the variables. Universal system. the period of social change: Actual and specific regularities will be reported. The situation and possibilities of interdisciplinary approach to study immigrant youth will be strongly advocated. Mother’s life satisfaction and child’s negative intervention emotionality in adulthood: The moderating role IS-105: Sex and attachment across of serotonin receptor 2A gene Andrei Podolskij (chair) Merjonen, Pa¨ ivi Dept. of Psychology, University of Main purpose of the recent symposium is to cultures: A 56-nation study Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Pulkki-Ra˚ back, Laura Dept. consider and compare approaches to the adolescent of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, psychoemotional wellbeing elaborated and tested in David Schmitt (chair) Finland Lehtima¨ ki, Terho Medical School, University the frames of essentially different theoretical out- In this symposium, presenters will focus on the of Tampere, Tampere, Finland looks and paradigms - cultural-historical, cross- systematic distribution of romantic attachment Objectives: We tested whether the interaction cultural, and psychoanalytical. The central angle of styles and sexual strategies across cultures. Findings between HTR2A gene and maternal life satisfaction consideration is to find similarities (phenomena from the International Sexuality Description Pro- affects child’s later negative emotionality (NE). found, intervention technologies implemented, etc.) ject—a survey study of over 17,000 people from 56 Methods: The participants were 706 participants rather than differences. The emphasis is done on the nations—will be highlighted to reveal, for example, from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns possibilities of intervention and its efficacy to that secure romantic attachment is ‘‘normative’’ in study, being 3-18 years old, when their mothers’ life improve adolescent psychoemotional wellbeing a majority of cultures, preoccupied romantic satisfaction was measured. Participants’ NE was during the period of social change under different attachment is particularly prevalent in East Asian assessed 12, 17 and 21 years later. Results: Mother’s social-economic and cultural conditions. cultures, and dismissing romantic attachments are dissatisfaction was associated with child’s higher associated with high-stress ecological environments. Research will be presented on sociosexuality, NE, especially its anger component, among carriers Psychopathology of adolescence as a normal way harassment, and sexual jealousy across cultures, as of any T allele, but not among carriers of CC of being in the post-modern social link well as using the Internet to effectively collect cross- genotype. Conclusions: Carriers of T allele are Lesourd, Serge Faculte´ de Psychologie, Universite´ cultural data on human sexuality. sensitive to environmental effects. Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France Adolescence is time, structural more than chron- Attachment style in adulthood, the role of ological, during which the subject confront to the Sex and attachment across cultures: A 56-nation interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene and stressful events in interdiction to realise entirely and totally the desire. study early childhood Well our post-modern social link, the liberal one, Schmitt, David Dept. of Psychology, Bradley Salo, Johanna Dept. of Psychology, University of preaches individualisation of the human relations, University, Peoria, USA Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Pulkki-Ra˚ back, Laura Dept. so the teenager let be alone in front of his choose This presentation will focus on the systematic of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, and his necessary limits. In this work, we display, distribution of romantic attachment styles across Finland Lehtima¨ ki, Terho Medical School, University with clinical examples, how post-modern society cultures. Findings from the International Sexuality of Tampere, Tampere, Finland Keltikangas-Ja¨ rvinen, teenagers are controlled by logics who prescribe to Description Project—a survey study of over 17,000 Liisa Dept. of Psychology, University of Helsinki, thrill (addictions) and to do (consummation, people from 56 nations—will be highlighted to Helsinki, Finland violence, etc.). When use is impossible, then reveal, for example, that secure romantic attach- Objectives: Tentative evidence shows that in addi- personal fall in value (suicide, depression, etc.) or ment is ‘‘normative’’ in a majority of cultures, tion to environmental effects, individuals may differ attacks of our fellow-men (violence, law refusal, preoccupied romantic attachment is particularly in their genetic susceptibility to form attachment etc.) become the normal ways of being. prevalent in East Asian cultures, and dismissing bonds. We examined whether the IL-6 -174 G>C romantic attachments are associated with high- stress ecological environments. genotype, a potential determinant of stress-reactiv- Testing intervention program to decrease ity, is associated with adult attachment style i) adolescent depressed mood and anxiety directly ii) by moderating the association between Podolskij, Andrei Dept. of Developm. Psychology, Sexuality and attachment: Large scale data childhood stressful events and adult attachment. Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Idobaeva, collection and cross-validation via the internet Methods: a 21-year, prospective, longitudinal study Olga Developmental Psychology, Moscow State Reips, Ulf-Dietrich Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t with a population based sample of 1691 subjects. Univeristy, Moscow, Russia Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Results: IL-6 genotype had a main and a moderat- The purpose of the study is to construct and test the Internet-based research bears various benefits: (a) ing effect on dismissing-avoidant adult attachment intervention program designed to decrease adoles- studies can be delivered to large numbers of style. Conclusions: Genes may directly influence the cent depressed mood and anxiety. Theoretical and geographically and demographically distributed development of attachment, and increase vulner- empirical sources of the intervention design are participants quickly and with low effort; (b) ability to environmental effects. presented and discussed. The key factors that affect Internet-based research is cost-effective in time, an adolescent psycho-emotional non-wellbeing are space, administration, and labor; (c) one can recruit selected on the base of the big scale data base large heterogeneous or homogeneous samples, also The association between mother–child collected in the sample of Russian and Ukrainian of individuals with rare conditions of interest (e.g. relationship in childhood and reward dependence adolescents, their parents, and school teachers. An sexsomnia, Mangan & Reips, 2007). Due to the in adulthood is moderated by the serotonin intervention program has been designed and anonymity of the setting, the Internet is particularly receptor 2A gene implemented in accordance with those findings. suited for studies on sensitive topics. An Internet- Jokela, Markus Dept. of Psychology, University of The results achieved demonstrate strong and weak based version of the Internet Sexuality Description Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Salo, Johanna Dept. of sides of the intervention program for junior and Project (ISDP-2) survey created with WEXTOR Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland senior, male and female adolescents. (http://wextor.eu) is presented, methods and chal- Pulkki-Raback, Laura Dept. of Psychology, University lenges are discussed. of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Lehtima¨ ki, Terho Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, The role of school environment and family Finland Keltikangas-Ja¨ rvinen, Liisa Dept. of climate in promoting identity change, Sociosexuality: Effects of attachment, sex and Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland psychological well-being and integration of age in Brazilian samples Objective: To examine whether the T102C poly- immigrant and refugee youth in Canada Benedetti, Jose´ Dept. of Experim. Psychology, morphism of the serotonin receptor 2A gene Chirkov, Valery Dept. of Psychology, University of University of Sa˜ o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Correˆa (HTR2A) moderates the association between ma- Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada de Guzman, Varella, Marco Antoˆ nio Dep. Psicologia Experimental, ternal nurturance in childhood and adolescence, Jaquieline Dept. of Psychology, University of Universidade de Sa˜ o Paulo, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil Bussab, and reward dependence (RD) in adulthood. Meth- Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Geres, Koreen Vera Silvia Dep. Psicologia Experimental, ods: Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study, Dept. of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Universidade de Sa˜ o Paulo, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil participants aged 3 to 18 years at baseline and Saskatoon, Canada Inter and intra-sexual variation in sociosexuality followed for 21 years (n=913). Temperament and The presentation reports the results of semi- was investigated regarding attachment and age. 221 Character Inventory (TCI). Results: High maternal structured interviews of 76 immigrant and refugee undergraduates (Social, Engineering and Biological nurturance predicted high RD in T/T genotype families from China, India, Iraq, Sudan, Columbia Areas; 21 years) and 81 adults (38 years) answered carriers but not in T/C or C/C carriers, indepen- and other countries regarding their relations within the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (Simpson & dently of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The families and consequences of these relations for Gangestad, 1991) and Relationship Questionnaire 364 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

(Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). Few researches psychologists contribute to recent advances. In tionnaires that provide reliable and valid measures had been done with non-psychology students and addition to translation and adaptation of imported across all cultural and language groups. Imported adults. In both age groups, men were more unrest- tests, the combined emic-etic approach of develop- questionnaires based on a Western model of ricted (ANOVA). Only unrestricted women had ing indigenous personality assessment measures in independence may not be appropriate for describ- higher model of self (undergraduates) and model of China and South Africa are presented as examples ing African personality in which interdependence other (adults) styles (r-Pearson). Independently of of good practice. (Ubuntu) is more salient. The SAPI project aims to the cycle in Life History, universal sex differences develop a comprehensive personality questionnaire were confirmed, and attachment style interacted Adapting tests for diagnosing learning for all South-African language groups. We describe with the sociosexuality differently in each sex. disabilities in developing countries: The case of Stage 1 of the project in which person-descriptive Vietnam terms were gathered and clustered across the 11 Sexual development of Lebanese youth: Gre´ goire, Jacques Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ languages to come up with a personality structure. Perceptions and practices of sexuality Cathol. de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Khoury, Brigitte Dept. of Psychiatry, American Vietnam puts strong emphasis children education. University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon As a consequence, the number of children with IS-107: Social development, peer The purpose of this study was to assess the sexual learning disabilities is growing and there is a need relationships and pro-social development of youth in Lebanon: their percep- for diagnostic tests. Some French tests were behaviour tions, attitudes and practices of sexuality. The study adapted recently in Vietnamese, raising several was conducted on a sample (n=500) of Lebanese issues. Unlike achievement tests, diagnostic tests university students. The topics investigated included are based on models of cognitive processes involved Jose´ Eduardo Moreno, Annie Karin Schulz (chair) sexual development, education and practices, so- in reading, writing and calculating. Because of the The importance of bonding with parents, socializa- ciety and sexuality, virginity, masturbation and specificity of the Vietnamese language, the models tion of the developing child and adolescent within sexual myths. Results showed that despite the underlying the tests and the related tasks had to be the family and school context, measurement of apparent modernization of the Lebanese society, adapted. Education of test users had also to be social skills and the contribution of peer relation- conservatism seemed to be prominent when it came organized because an understanding of the models ships to social development wil be discussed. We to sexuality. Clear differences were found between is required to correctly interpret the tests scores. present some interesting findings on the relation of men and women. Family and religion, the two peer interaction with their family, social environ- pillars of society, were still found to be the main Challenges of test adaptation and development ment and personality. As personality is concerned, influences of sexual development with the youth in Indonesia psychoticism, neuroticism and extroversion are group. Halim, Magdalena Dept. of Psychology, ATMA JAYA associated positively with peer negative influence Catholic University, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia and peer delinquent behaviour. Special attention Sexual harassment across cultures With a growing need for Indonesian-language will be given to the assessment of intervention DeSouza, Eros Dept. of Psychology, Illinois State psychological tests, imported tests are often trans- programs for the development of prosocial beha- University, Normal, USA lated, despite unfamiliarity with cross-cultural viour and to the Social Skills Improvement System. This paper will discuss empirical studies that used assessment methods and copyright requirements. the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (Fitzgerald et The translation process is not well defined and Two decades of social skills research with the al., 1988), generally considered one of the most documented. Standardization and norming of social skills rating system widely used, as well as one of the most valid and imported tests are inadequate. Developing local reliable instruments that assesses sexual harass- tests is not regarded as an important contribution Elliott, Stephen N. Learning Science Institute, ment, to highlight frequency rates and outcomes for Indonesian psychologists. I will illustrate the Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA across countries. In addition, studies that investi- problems of test adaptation and development in The Social Skills Rating System has for many gated perceptions of cross-sex and same-sex sexual Indonesia including the implications on test inter- researchers become a common lens to capture harassment, including recommended punishment, pretation with examples from the Indonesian NEO perceptions of the prosocial behavior of children will be discussed. Implications will be drawn from PI-R, MMPI-2, WAIS-R and a local personality and youth. Thus, it is important to understand the the cultural dimensions of high-low power and test. Possible strategies to stimulate the develop- history of this instrument and what has been individualism-collectivism proposed by Hofstede ment of local tests in the future will be discussed. learned about children’s social behavior over 20 (2001), as well hierarchy-egalitarianism and con- years. This knowledge has played a substantial role servatism-autonomy proposed by Schwartz (1999). Etic vs. Emic personality assessment: An in the revision of the SSRS, called the Social Skills integrative approach for deriving an indigenous Improvement System (SSIS). A co-author of the Sexuality and jealousy across cultures measure for Chinese personality SSIS will share perspectives on (a) the measurement Fernandez, Ana Maria Escuela de Psicologı´a, Cheung, Fanny M. Dept. of Psychology, Chinese Univ. of social skills, (b) what has been learned about Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic children’s social behavior, and (c) what changes lie Research on jealousy responses to sexual and of : Hong Kong SAR ahead for persons who wish to use the revised emotional infidelity supports the universality and In response to the need for culturally relevant instrument to assess children’s social skills. sex differentiated nature of this phenomena (in the personality measures, we adopted a combined emic- US, Europe and Asia). A few studies have etic approach to develop the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI). I will report the Methodological perspectives in measuring the evaluated jealousy in Spanish-speaking countries, effects of an intervention program with which will be revised in the present discussion, program of research that went into the development and validation of the CPAI for adults and for adolescents: Pre-post test assessment and addressing replications conducted in Argentina, questionnaires to evaluate the program Chile, Colombia, Venezuela and Spain. There is adolescents (CPAI-A). In addition to confirming Garaigordobil, Maite Dept. of Clinical Psychology, also some recent developments and variants of the universal personality dimensions, the interpersonal University Basque Country, San Sebastia´ n, Spain classical forced-choice methodology, extended to aspects of personality salient to the Chinese culture Maganto, Carmen Dept. of Clinical Psychology, include continuous ratings of jealousy situations, as are highlighted in the CPAI. Cross-cultural applica- tions of the CPAI showed that these relationally University Basque Country, San Sebastia´ n, Spain

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 well as attachment motives for the jealousy Pe´ rez, Jose´ Ignacio Dept. of Clinical Psychology, response. The implications of the universality of oriented traits are also relevant to non-Chinese University Basque Country, San Sebastia´ n, Spain this phenomenon supports the deeper inquire on cultures, resulting in the renaming of the CPAI to The study compared the results obtained when universal attachment mechanisms that may be Cross-Cultural Personality Assessment Inventory evaluating the program with two assessment sexually dimorphic. (CPAI-2). methodologies. The sample is made up of 174 adolescents from 12 to 14 years of age (125 IS-106: Testing and assessment in Uncovering the personality structure of the 11 experimental and 49 controls). The research uses emerging and developing language groups in South Africa: SAPI project an experimental multi-group pre-posttest design Meiring, Deon Dept. of Industrial Psychology, with repeated measures and control groups. The countries II: Challenges and recent University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South results suggest that pre-posttest assessment is more advances Africa Van de Vijver, Fons Department of Psychology, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, Netherlands suitable when the goal is to validate the interven- Fanny M. Cheung, Marise Born (chair) Rothmann, Ian Dept. of Industrial Psychology, North- tion, whereas the questionnaires are useful as With the growing need for psychological assessment West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa De screening instruments. The results obtained in the in emerging and developing countries, psychologists Bruin, Deon Dept. of Industrial Psychology, University questionnaires completed by adolescents and adults encounter many scientific and ethical challenges. of Stellenbosch, Johannesburg, South Africa were very coherent. The positive effects of the This part of the symposium illustrates the chal- South Africa has 11 official languages and four program on diverse factors of socio-emotional lenges of testing and assessment in Vietnam, major ethnic groups. There is a societal and development are observed with both methodolo- Indonesia, China and South Africa, and how scientific need for comprehensive personality ques- gies. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 365

The relation of peer interaction to personality and Aging of the female mentally retarded persons in prescribe them psychotropic drugs which the family family social environment Bangladesh members continue in future without consulting the Ma, Hing Keung Dept. of Education Studies, Hong Nazneen, Sultana Higher Secondary Education, physicians. Thus a large majority of the aged Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China, People’s HSTTI, Rajshahi, Bangladesh mentally retarded persons were found completely Republic of : Hong Kong SAR In Bangladesh, longer life spans due to improved dependent on psychotropic drugs, especially antic- Overall peer influence and peer’s social behavior are medical conditions have created new problems to onvulsants. The researcher completed in-depth case associated positively and significantly with good maintain them inside their families. The problems studies of 12 aged cases and depicted how and why relationship in family. In other words, positive peer faced by the female mentally retarded persons are they were prescribed psychotropic drugs during interaction is associated with good family relation- more serious than their male counterparts due to their childhood and why they are completely ships. Adolescents came from family with strong socioeconomic conditions and many other draw- dependent on these drugs at their old age. cohesion and less conflict tended to have positive backs. The researcher closely observed 12 aged peer influences and peer relationships. As far as female mentally retarded persons during last 20 IS-109: Psychosocial consequences personality is concerned, psychoticism, neuroticism years. The researcher studied their health, economy, of long-term unemployment and extroversion are associated positively and housing and social security conditions. It was found that though there are many problems they possess significantly with peer negative influence and peer Branimir Sverko (chair) excellent subjective well-being. They consider them- delinquent behaviour. On the other hand, social Despite considerable research during several dec- selves happy to live inside the warmth of their desirability is associated positively and significantly ades and across various countries, the consequences families. with peer positive and negative influences, and peer of unemployment are still at issue. This symposium prosocial and antisocial behaviour. The findings seeks to take stock of recent research advances and will be interpreted in terms of the cultural context Aging of the mentally retarded persons in improve our understanding of the psychosocial and psychological development. Bangladesh: Biological impact of unemployment. First, the results of two Haque, Tofazzal Dept. of Pharmacology, Rajshahi recent long-term longitudinal studies examining the Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh health effects of unemployment will be presented. Promoting prosocial behaviour in school by The researcher closely studied 106 mentally re- Meta-analytic findings of the mental-health impact playground improvement: The effect of tarded cases during 2001 -2006 in the north western will be given next, followed by a paper discussing supervisors and play materials part of Bangladesh. He studied the illness and how the effects should be explained. The sympo- Rebolo Marques, Ama´ lia Escola Ba´sica Integrada, diseases suffered by the cases. Though the major sium will also address the experiences during job Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Sesimbra, Portugal interest was to study the etiology and treatment of search, and tackle the issues of health impacts of Children in primary school have better relations convulsive disorders of the cases, the researcher enterprise restructuring. when the play spaces are improved with material to rank ordered the diseases those are barriers to the play freely, and active supervision. We will present longer life span of the mentally retarded persons in Unemployment, underemployment and mental three intervention programs that have been held in the country. He also investigated the factors and health in school leavers: A prospective Portugal. These programs have as main objective recommended preventive measures. The researcher longitudinal study the reduction of conflicts and bullying behaviour. also depicts specific geriatric problems of selected Winefield, Anthony H. School of Psychology, 16 cases which project their biological conditions. We used anonymous questionnaires about peer University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Finally the researcher recommends some health relations in the playground during recess that Metzer, Jack School of Psychology, University of policy programs. children answered before, during and after the South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Winefield, Helen intervention to assess this programs. There are School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, statistic differences between aggression and victimi- Residential problems of the aged mentally Adelaide, Australia sation before and after the intervention, the retarded persons in Bangladesh We report data from a 10-year prospective long- percentages of children victimised and/or aggressors Sultana, Sabina Dept. of Psychology, University of itudinal study of school leavers that commenced in are lower in the end of all the programs. Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh 2001. Although the official unemployment rate in In the absence of social welfare networks and Australia is much lower than in the early 1980s, it residential institutions for the mentally retarded appears that unemployment is leading to more Parental styles, self-perception and peer- persons in Bangladesh, all the mentally retarded psychological distress now than it did then. We attributed roles persons are given care by their families. Due to suspect that this is because young people are more Moreno, Jose´ Eduardo CIIPME, CONICET, Buenos many drawbacks of land and property ownership likely to blame themselves for being unable to get Aires, Argentina Schulz, Annie Karin CIIPME, laws, many wealthy aged mentally retarded persons jobs when the government keeps insisting (falsely) CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina lead a miserable life inside their own families after that jobs are plentiful. The current definition of The main goal of this project was to assess the the death of their parents. The researcher investi- unemployment in Australia excludes anyone who characteristics of those children who are attributed gated their living condition, compared the residen- worked for one hour or more in the week prior to certain roles as bullies, leaders or isolated. The tial accommodation problems and compared these being surveyed. Argentine Scale of Child Perception of Parental conditions in relation to their degree of retardation, Relationship, Loneliness Scale, Social Competence gender and rural-urban residential status. Scale and RCP of Masten were administered to a Health impacts of prolonged unemployment and sample of 580 children from 9 to 11 years old who reemployment: A longitudinal study attended primary schools in Buenos Aires (Argen- Social security of the aged mentally retarded Galic, Zvonimir Dept. of Psychology, University of tina). The results, for example, show that: the persons in Bangladesh Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Sverko, Branimir Dept. of bullies have a low perception of their social Rahman, Masudur Institute of Bangladesh Studie, Psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia competence as well as they do not seem to have University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh Maslic Sersic, Darja Dept. of Psychology, University of Though the national constitution of the Bangladesh Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia any difficulties in their relationship with friends and guarantees that the state will take all the responsi- In a three-way longitudinal survey of initially classmates. bilities of the handicapped persons, yet nothing is unemployed persons (N=370), we examined the being done by the government. All the programs impact of prolonged unemployment and reemploy- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 are run by the NGOs. The researcher investigated ment on a series of self-assessed measures of both IS-108: Aging of the mentally health, education, employment, housing and social physical and mental health (captured by the SF-36 retarded persons in South Asia security problems and prospects of several sample Health Survey). Already at T1, on most of the in different parts of the country. Finally he health indicators, the participants who remained Anwarul Hasan Sufi (chair) recommends that the government should provide unemployed scored lower then those who later Life span of the mentally retarded persons sig- monthly financial benefits to the families that the gained employment. The participants reemployed nificantly increased in some of the South Asian family members are motivated to take the respon- at T2 and T3 exhibited improved health, but only countries in recent years with the improvement of sibilities instead of sending them to residential on the mental-health indicators. The results suggest medical facilities and immunization programs. But homes. that poor physical health contributes to prolonged new problems are being faced by the families to care unemployment, while poor mental health both contributes to and results from unemployment. them at home. The researcher depicts the life of the Psychotropic Drug dependence of the aged aged mentally retarded persons of south Asian mentally retarded persons in Bangladesh countries on the basis of his personal observation of Anisuzzaman, M.D. Dept. of Clinical Psychology, The impact of long-term unemployment on last 25 years. It was observed that the mild and Gono Bishwabiddalaya, Dhaka, Bangladesh mental health: Meta-analytic evidence moderate mentally retarded persons live longer Lack of awareness, negligence, healthcare beha- Paul, Karsten Business und O¨ konomie, Universita¨t than severe and profound mentally retarded per- vioural drawbacks, etc. large majority of the Nu¨ rnberg-Erlangen, Nu¨ rnberg, Germany sons. Psychosocial conditions are better among the mentally retarded persons are treated as mentally Objectives: Testing unemployment duration as a rural than their urban counterparts. ill and not as mentally retarded. The physicians moderator of the mental health effects of unem- 366 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

ployment. Methods: Meta-analysis of cross-sec- important topics in psychology and neuroscience. results suggest a boundary condition for compen- tional and longitudinal data. Results: Among Among the most intensively studied cognitive satory attentional allocation. cross-sectional studies, a linear moderator effect of functions are working memory and executive unemployment duration was identified: The longer attention (the control of one’s thoughts and Does impaired inhibition for emotional material the average unemployment duration of the study actions), often investigated using neuroimaging underlie depressive rumination? participants, the more distressed they were. There techniques. Many populations – among them older was no clear evidence for a curvilinear relationship adults, persons with emotional disorders, and Zetsche, Ulrike Universita¨t Marburg, Marburg, between unemployment duration and distress. In negatively prejudiced persons – have been shown Germany Joormann, Jutta Psychology, University of longitudinal studies, however, we found only a to demonstrate characteristically different patterns Miami, Coral Gables, USA weak, non-significant deterioration of mental health of limitations in cognitive functions. The proposed Rumination is an important risk factor for the among persons who were permanently unemployed symposium is aimed at gaining better understand- maintenance and recurrence of depressive episodes. and were tested repeatedly. Conclusions: Artificial ing of cognitive functions, their limitations and It is still unclear, however, why some people are testing effects may explain the weak agreement possible compensations across specific populations. especially prone to ruminate. The present study between cross-sectional and longitudinal results. investigated whether deficits in cognitive inhibition of emotional material underlie rumination. The The psychosocial consequences of long-term Prospective and retrospective memory across the sample comprised 25 clinically depressed indivi- unemployment: Consequences of what? lifespan: An internet study duals and 25 healthy controls. Participants com- Fryer, David Dept. of Psychology, University of Maylor, Elizabeth Dept. of Psychology, University of pleted five computer based reaction time tasks Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom Logie, Robert designed to assess the ability to inhibit emotional How should the psychological effects of unemploy- Department of Psychology, University Edinburgh, material (words or face pictures) at different stages ment be explained? A number of explanatory Edinburgh, United Kingdom of information processing. The Response Style accounts have been offered by researchers in the Over 89,000 people aged 10-65 years participated in questionnaire was used to assess the level of unemployment and health literature. Jahoda’s an Internet study that included objective and rumination. Results suggest a link between rumina- Latent Function Deprivation Account has long subjective measures of both prospective and retro- tion and inhibitory deficits. been influential. In contrast, Fryer’s ’Agency spective memory. Generally, performance improved across childhood and declined almost linearly Restriction Account’ has also received some sup- Specific cognitive deficits in subclinical across adulthood. These trends were similar for port. In this presentation, David Fryer revisits the depression working memory, binding in short-term memory, question of what is responsible for the mental von Hecker, Ulrich School of Psychology, Cardiff and visuo-spatial memory; however, development health consequences of unemployment drawing University, Cardiff, United Kingdom was more apparent than aging for digit span, with upon more recent work in community and critical In this research, the specificity of functional deficits the reverse pattern for prospective memory. One psychology and suggests a critical synthesis which in subclinical depression is examined. We assume manipulation in the prospective memory experi- captures what is important in but also transcends that depressed states are not associated with a ment benefited younger more than older people both. general cognitive deficit, but with a highly specific whereas another did the reverse. Self-reported one. In a series of studies we address the hypothesis prospective and retrospective memory failures The dynamics of job-search: A daily experience that depressed individuals have difficulties with varied less across the lifespan and did not correlate sampling study generative reasoning, that is, the process of with performance. Wanberg, Connie 3-300 Carlson School of Mgmt., combining piecemeal information into larger, com- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA prehensive mental representations. Two examples This repeated measures study applies insights from Development of prospective memory across the are given, one pertaining to the construction of motivation theories toward the understanding of lifespan: The impact of inhibitory efficiency mental models of social cliques out of pairwise affect and persistence during job search. Unem- sentiment relations, and another with regards to the ployed individuals completed a paper-and-pencil Kliegel, Matthias Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Technische Universita¨ t Dresden, Dresden, Germany construction of a linear mental model, based on baseline survey, then were sent 15 online surveys transitive order information. every weekday for three weeks. Perceived goal Developmental changes in prospective memory progress positively related to positive affect and (PM) across the lifespan are thought to depend reemployment efficacy, and negatively to negative upon the developmental trajectory of executive Effects of prejudice on memory and linear order affect. Positive affect related positively to job-search control. This study applies a PM task to children, reasoning young, and older adults. During intention execu- intentions for the next day. Goal progress related Sedek, Grzegorz Warsaw, Poland Piber-Dabrowska, negatively to next day job search efforts. The study tion, inhibitory requirements were additionally Kinga Department of Psychology, School of Social expands understanding of the dynamics of job varied. Group differences mirroring inverted U- Psychology, Warsaw, Poland search, and the role of goal progress and affect in shaped functions were observed in intention forma- This research examined the impact of individual explaining these dynamics. tion, initiation, and execution. Age differences in differences in the strength of negative and positive intention execution were substantially greater when components of ethnic stereotypes on memory and active task interruption was necessary. The current linear order reasoning. The results of Study 1 Enterprise restructuring, health effects and study suggests that the degree of inhibitory control indicated that emotional elements (relations with health promotion needed to succeed in the task may be one factor the outgroup) were preserved in the memory of Kieselbach, Thomas Inst. fu¨ r Arbeitspsychologie, underlying lifespan development of PM. negatively prejudiced participants, but their mem- Universita¨t Bremen, Bremen, Germany ory and reasoning concerning ingroup members Traditional unemployment research has focused on The dynamic relationship between cognition and were significantly impaired. Study 2 replicated these the effects of job loss and unemployment. More results in a more general positivity x negativity recent approaches try to conceive of the process of walking under dual task conditions in healthy aging design, including an ambivalent representation. The occupational transitions in a more complex way results suggest a need to integrate theoretical including the repercussions of unemployment on Li, Karen Z.H. Dept. of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada DeMont, Richard conceptions that encompass an efficiency view of survivors-of-layoffs and interventions cushioning stereotypes and basic research on emotional inter- occupational transitions. Results from a EU project Department of Exercise Science, Concordia

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 ference with cognitive processes. are presented including case studies of companies University, Montreal, Canada Penhune, Virginia undergoing restructuring in different EU-countries Department of Psychology, Concordia University, analyzing health effects and health promotion Montreal, Canada Fraser, Sarah Department of IS-111: Team processes and team interventions during restructuring. Preliminary re- Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada effectiveness: Fifty years of sults of a EU Expert Group on ‘‘Health in Abbud, Gabriela Department of Exercise Science, progress and prospects for the Restructuring’’ chaired by the author will be Concordia University, Montreal, Canada outlined aiming at the development of EU-policy A growing literature suggests that in healthy aging, future recommendations on Occupational Safety and more attentional capacity is allocated to motor Health. tasks such as walking and balancing to compensate Steve Kozlowski (chair) for age-related declines in physical functioning. The last two decades have witnessed a worldwide IS-110: Cognitive functions in Three studies of young and older adults were shift from work structured around individual jobs conducted to evaluate this proposition during to team-based work systems, and there are increas- aging, psychopathology and social concurrent treadmill walking and cognitive perfor- ing pressures to enhance team processes, perfor- stereotyping mance. Across the experiments we varied the mance, and effectiveness. Although there is a vast difficulty levels of the walking and cognitive tasks, research literature relevant to work groups and Grzegorz Sedek, Ulrich von Hecker (chair) finding that older adults with poor balance showed teams, findings are often contradictory or confusing The main aim of this symposium is to foster prioritization of walking under very easy walking and actionable information is diffuse. This sympo- innovative research on cognitive functions. Cogni- and cognitive conditions. Increasing task difficulty sium brings together a panel of experts to tive functions have become one of the most alters poor balancers’ ability to prioritize. The summarize the current state of the knowledge-base Wednesday 23rd July 2008 367

on how to enhance team processes, performance, goal model of individual and team regulatory resolution, drugs, sexuality, anti-social behaviour and effectiveness and to highlight promising areas processes (DeShon et al., 2004) that affect the and life goals. Results indicated that intervention for future theory and research development. allocation of resources across individual and team effectiveness was maximized when either the parent goals resulting in individual and team performance. or the adolescent was trained and asked to pass on Current work is directed toward understanding what they had learned to their (non-participating) Enhancing team processes and effectiveness: dynamic, within-person resource allocation pro- child or parent. Fifty years of progress and prospects for the cesses, formally modeling such processes, and future identifying interventions to improve optimal re- Kozlowski, Steve Dept. of Psychology, Michigan State Context and development in poor urban sectors source allocation. University, East Lansing, USA in Cali, Colombia There is over 50 years of psychological research Orozco Hormaza, Mariela Dept. de Psicologı´a, focused on understanding and influencing the Twenty-five years of team performance research: Universidade del Valle, Cali, Colombia Sa´ nchez Rı´os, processes that underlie team effectiveness. This Discoveries and developments Herna´n Dept. de Psicologı´a, Universidade del Valle, presentation will highlight what we know, what Salas, Eduardo Inst. for Simulation, University of Cali, Colombia we think we know, and what we need to know to Central Florida, Orlando FL, USA Some authors state that children growing up in improve work group and team effectiveness. This presentation will focus on outlining what have poor urban settlements generally show some deficit Primary attention will be devoted to topics that been the recent discoveries and developments in in their cognitive development. The presentation have well-developed theoretical and empirical team performance research since Dyer’s (1984) will discuss the use of conventional scales as foundations to ensure that recommendations are seminal review. Dyer’s review covered the literature instruments to evaluate cognitive development, firm. There is a solid foundation for concluding that from 1955-80; our review covered from 1980-2005. and new methodologies to measure and describe there is an emerging science of team effectiveness So, this presentation will briefly outline what we cognitive development. Findings on the relations and several means to improve it. Future research know about team performance; what have we between cognitive development and characteristics and policy implications will be discussed. Emerging learned about teamwork, team training and team- of children’s family environment will also be research is represented in presentations by other level performance assessment; and how the field has discussed. The application of a social network presenters changed and evolved over the last two decades. model to the strategies used by children to solve problems and to dimensions of family contexts, allows the researcher to find affiliation patterns and Team leadership in multicultural teams IS-112: Creating methodological identify those characteristics in the context that Chao, Georgia Dept. of Management, Michigan State strategies for researching have greater contribution to children’s cognitive University, East Lansing, USA vulnerable populations: Examples development. Cultural diversity presents a challenge for team leadership; diverse team members enhance team from Latin America resources, but differences can also impede consen- The situation in Latin America: An overview sus and effectiveness. Chao and Moon (2005) have Silvia Helena Koller, Marcela Raffaelli (chair) Raffaelli, Marcela Psychology and Ethnic Studies, developed a conceptualization of culture that spans Psychological researchers working with impover- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA the individual, team, and organizational levels. ished and at-risk populations must contend with Latin America encompasses an array of cultures, According to their theory, activation of a specific methodological challenges stemming from their reflecting diverse mixtures of the region’s original cultural identity is influenced by the strength of that characteristics and the larger context. This sympo- indigenous inhabitants, European colonizers, pre- identity to the person’s self-concept, as well as sium will bring together researchers from different viously enslaved Africans, and (in recent years) situational characteristics that activate particular Central and South American countries who con- immigrants from around the world. After indepen- patterns of cultural tiles. Leaders can activate duct research and intervention with homeless and dence in the early 19th century, many Latin specific cultural identities to facilitate team devel- impoverished children, adolescents, and their fa- American countries experienced foreign interven- opment in diverse teams, creating a unique team milies. The symposium will feature an overview of tions and internal conflicts; more recently, many identity. Implications for effective team processes, the Latin American situation, followed by presenta- suffered economic difficulties and political unrest. team development, and team leadership in multi- tions drawing on research conducted in Brazil, This history continues to affect the approximately cultural teams will be discussed. Colombia, Peru, and Mexico. Presenters will 650 million people who currently live in Latin describe strategies developed to overcome metho- America. The region is characterized by economic dological challenges in their work, and the dis- and social inequality, and millions of people live in Shared cognitions, collaboration and team cussant will address the implications of this work situations of extreme vulnerability that present effectiveness for cross-cultural and international research. challenges and opportunities for psychological Tannenbaum, Scott Effectiveness, The Group for researchers. Organizational, Albany, USA Donsbach, Jamie gOE, Inc, Group for Org. Effectiveness, Albany, USA Beard, Agency and agentic empowerment: Background Rebecca gOE, Inc, Group for Org. Effectiveness, and measurement of the concepts Naturalistic research on emotional development Albany, USA Nicklin, Jessica gOE, Inc, Group for Org. Pick, Susan Dept. of Psychology, National University in at risk Colombian children Effectiveness, Albany, USA of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Lewin, Iwin Carrillo A´ vila, Sonia Dept. de Psicologı´a, Universidad High performing teams collaborate effectively, Evaluacio´ n, IMIFAP, Mexico City, Mexico de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia although teams fail often to collaborate as effec- Most studies in (social) psychology make use of Developmental studies in natural settings allow tively as they could. A strong contributing factor participants of a moderate to high educational level. researchers to observe behavior in its complexity for collaboration is the extent to which teams Accordingly, many recommendations about (quasi- within the individual’s context. However, this possess shared cognitions. This presentation exam- )experimental design and instrument construction approach demands care with measurement, re- ines and summarizes the research on shared take such educated samples as a starting point. search biases, behavioral disruption and ethical cognitions. There is a growing body of research Experience with marginalized populations has issues, particularly when working with at risk on shared cognitions with well over twenty empiri- shown that additional aspects must be included. populations. Two studies involving home-visit cal studies that have demonstrated their impact on Here we present some of the lessons we learned observations of at risk Colombian children will be various facets of team performance. We will present during the process of developing programs and presented. In the first study attachment relation- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 a framework of shared cognitions and their conducting research working with (highly) margin- ships between children, their adolescent mothers relationship with team collaboration and effective- alized Latin American populations. These lessons and their grandmothers were assessed. In the ness. Different types of shared cognitions and ways include aspects such as the role of shame and fear, second, relationships of premature babies with their of enhancing shared cognitions in applied settings of the unpredictability in their lives, and the use of mothers were analyzed in two treatment programs: will be discussed. closed vs. open questions in instruments. a traditional-care and the Kangaroo’s program. The role of naturalistic studies in socioemotional research will be discussed. Optimizing resource allocation in teamwork Handling conflicts: From parents to children and DeShon, Richard P. Dept. of Psychology, Michigan from children to parents State University, East Lansing, USA Kozlowski, Steve Livia Segovia, Jose Dept. of Psychology, Univ. Nac IS-113: Narrative impact: W. J. Dept. of Psychology, Michigan State University, Federico Villareal, Lima, Peru Foundations and mechanisms East Lansing, USA A psycho-educational program was delivered to When working as a member of a team, individuals families living in a peri-urban zone of Lima. Three Timothy C. Brock, Melanie Green (chair) must allocate resources (effort) toward individual groups differing in who received the training Narratives or stories, even fictional ones, can have and team goals. As a result, individual and team (parent only, adolescent only, or parent and child profound effects on individuals’ beliefs. The re- goals, and feedback related to progress toward in separate sessions) were compared to each other search presented in this symposium will explore the these goals, should be potent levers for affecting and to a no-intervention control group. Each group underlying mechanisms of narrative persuasion, resource allocation. This presentation will describe consisted of 8 participants who completed 8 and the extent to which narrative impact endures ongoing research driven by a multilevel, multiple sessions on social abilities, self-control, conflict over time. Common themes include the role of the 368 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

self in narrative processing, the importance of recently proposed theory of media entertainment or hinder forgiveness and this paper will review our mental simulation and transportation, and the this presentation will derive some hypotheses about work in that area limits of narrative influence. Presenters will discuss the impact continuous exposure to entertainment these topics from perspectives ranging from neu- has on its consumers. What college students say, do and feel as roscience to individual differences. The talks also transgressors span a variety of contexts, from consumer psychol- Matsubara, Fukumi Modern and Classical Language, ogy to attitudes about social issues. Narrative impact: Effects of fiction and falsehood Green, Melanie Dept. of Psychology, University of North Central College, Naperville, USA Coon, Heather North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA Psychology, North Central College, Naperville, USA Understanding narrative persuasion through Individuals are often equally persuaded by fiction In research conducted in Japan and the U.S., simulation and self-projection during narrative as by fact. There is no moral stigma attached to students read two scenarios in which they were a comprehension fiction; it is acceptable to present made-up informa- transgressor toward a stranger. In the first scenario Mar, Raymond Dept. of Psychology, York University, tion if it is appropriately labeled. Do narratives still they bump into another student while riding a Toronto, Canada retain their persuasive power if they are intention- bicycle, causing slight injury. In the second scenar- In order to understand how narrative has an impact ally deceptive? In our research, some participants io, they are at a fast food restaurant, someone on our attitudes and beliefs, it is necessary to were first told that a story was factual, and after bumps into them and their coffee spills onto a third understand how narratives are understood. Re- reading, were informed that the story was inaccu- person. Participants were asked what they would cently, a great deal of evidence has started to rate (either due to intentional deception by the say and do, and how they would feel in each indicate that readers undergo a simulation of author or a publishing mistake). Individuals in the situation, as well as their overall level of responsi- experience during reading, one that draws upon deception condition still showed narrative-based bility for the incident. Responses were coded cognitive and emotional systems normally em- belief change, even though they derogated the qualitatively to examine strategies used in such ployed during real-world experience. This evidence author. Narratives appear to hinder correction situations. is reviewed, including our recent work based on efforts. meta-analyses of neuroimaging findings, and its Conceptualizations of intergroup forgiveness: relevance for theories of narrative impact discussed. IS-114: Current directions in Angolan, East-Timorese and Guinean perspectives ‘Tis only a novel? Interactive effects of text and apology and forgiveness research Mullet, Etienne Ethics and Work Laboratory, Institute reader characteristics on persuasion of Advanced Studies, Plaisance, France Schreier, Margrit School of Humanities, Jacobs Seiji Takaku (chair) We present the results of three studies that Univer. Bremen gGmbH, Bremen, Germany This symposium presents the most current cross- examined the significance of intergroup forgiveness In a quasi-experimental study, the effects of cultural research on apology and forgiveness. among adults in East-Timor, Angola and Guinea- credibility of a fictional text (credible / lacking in Topics covered in this symposium ranges from Bissau who had personally been affected by long- credibility), text focus (inner / outer world), reader cross-cultural examinations of the meaning of term wars and conflicts in their area. Only a small involvement (high / low), biological sex, and gender apology and responsibility-taking, account-selec- percentage of participants believed that it was not (high / low instrumentality and expressiveness) on tion bias (i.e., a tendency for both transgressors and possible for a group of people to forgive another persuasion were assessed. Analyses of variance victims to perceive their accounts to be more group of people. Participants appeared to have showed that, as predicted, women were more likely accurate descriptions of the conflicts than their articulated conceptions on what could define to agree with statements concerning protagonists’ counterpart’s), the effects of apology in intergroup intergroup granting of forgiveness. Through struc- inner world, whereas men more frequently agreed conflicts, and two specific case studies dealing with tural analyses of the East-Timorese participants’ with statements concerning the outer world. Also as intergroup conflict and forgiveness: (1) intergroup responses, an eight factor model of conceptualiza- predicted, agreement with textual statements was conflict among Angolan, East-Timorese, and Gui- tions of intergroup forgiveness was found. Using stronger for readers high in emotional involvement. nean; and (2) intergroup conflict in Northern confirmatory techniques, this model was subse- For text credibility and gender, no significant Ireland. quently tested on the samples of Angolan, and effects were obtained. Guinean participants. Can admission of responsibility function as an Self-referencing and persuasion: Narrative apology? A cross-cultural examination on perpetrator: transportation versus analytical elaboration Coon, Heather Dept. of Psychology, North Central Victim account bias Escalas, Jennifer Marketing Dept., Vanderbilt College, Naperville, USA Matsubara, Fukumi Modern Takaku, Seiji Social and Behavioral Sciences, Soka University, Nashville, USA and Classical Languages, North Central College, University of America, Aliso Viejo, USA his research contrasts narrative self-referencing with Naperville, USA When transgressions occur, victims and perpetra- analytical self-referencing. We propose that narra- One reason people apologize is to admit responsi- tors become victim to their own subjective reality tive self-referencing persuades through transporta- bility for their actions. Are apologies always (i.e., naı¨ve realism). As a result, victims often tion, where people become absorbed in a story necessary following a transgression, or can simply demand apology whereas perpetrators opt for (Green and Brock 2000). When ad viewers are admitting responsibility suffice? In research con- giving accounts that reduce their responsibility transported by narrative thoughts, persuasion is not ducted in Japan and the U.S., students read a (e.g., excuse or justification). In a series of four negatively affected by weak ad arguments. Con- scenario where another student ran into them on a studies we tested the universality of this so-called versely, analytical self-referencing persuades via bicycle. The cyclist apologized, admitted responsi- perpetrator-victim account selection bias. Study 1 more traditional processing models, wherein cogni- bility for the incident, or did neither. Participants involving the participants’ recalling their own past tive elaboration is enhanced by relating incoming evaluated their satisfaction with his comments, his interpersonal conflicts showed that the bias was information to one’s self or personal experiences, responsibility for the incident, and his positive and displayed more by Americans than by Asians; resulting in a differential persuasive effect of strong negative attributes. Results indicate that simply however, the following studies using hypothetical versus weak arguments. We also propose that ad taking responsibility may be a good strategy, vignettes revealed that the bias was displayed skepticism moderates the effect of narrative trans- especially in the U.S. equally by Americans and Asians. Implications of portation. These assertions are tested in a series of this semi-universal perpetrator-victim account se- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 experiments. lection bias are discussed. Forgiveness and intergroup conflict: Northern Ireland a case study Does media entertainment have a long-lasting Cairns, Ed Dept. of Psychology, University of Ulster, When outgroup members offer their apology to impact on its users? Coleraine, United Kingdom Hewstone, Miles Dept. of the ingroup: Perceived suffering and Vorderer, Peter Communication Science, VU Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United responsibility-taking as predictors of satisfaction University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Kingdom and forgiveness According to more recently developed theories of Working from the premise that the conflict in Zebel, Sven Dept. of Social Psychology, University of communication, media entertainment can have an Northern Ireland is best understood in intergroup Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Giner-Sorolla, effect on its users during exposure as well as shortly rather than interpersonal terms (Hewstone & Roger Department of Psychology, University of Kent, after exposure. Little in known, however, about Cairns, 2002) we have explored the possibility that Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom how media users are influenced by entertainment forgiveness can take place at the intergroup (rather Recently, psychological research addressed how products over an extended period of time. What than the interpersonal) level. We believe that if the people experience compunction (e.g. shame, guilt, happens, i.e., to adolescents who grow up with a current peace settlement in Northern Ireland is to regret) about their in-group’s misdeeds. However, high exposure to entertainment programming? How take root then the historical cycle of revenge will how victimized groups appraise such emotions is do young adults regard and appreciate ethnic have to be brought to an end. To assist this process yet unclear. We derived a model postulating two diversification if much of their perception of other we have focused on trying to understand forgive- distinct inferences from these emotions: the per- ethnicities goes back primarily to their playing ness in the context of the conflict in Northern ceived suffering and whether the individual takes entertaining video games? On the background of a Ireland and in particular the factors that promote responsibility for the in-group’s actions. Both Wednesday 23rd July 2008 369

should predict satisfaction among victims, but only types of methods require different types of models. category salience as a boundary condition within responsibility-taking may induce forgiveness. We Modern approaches for structurally different meth- mimicry effects. Hansen & Wa¨nke address the found partial support for this model in four studies ods will be presented and discussed from a impact of the self on automatic behavior, a in the UK and The Netherlands among non- conceptual point of view. In particular, some perspective that is broadened and carried further smokers who read a smoker’s compunction for misunderstandings with respect to the so-called by Cesario. Ferguson as well as Jonas suggest goals the consequences of passive smoking. The model’s CTC(M–1) model will be addressed and it will be external and cross-cultural validity is discussed. shown how some apparent limitations of this and their evaluation as important moderators for approach can be overcome. automatic behavior. IS-115: Structural equation modeling: State-of-the-art Causality and exogeneity: Implications for Category salience kills imitation: The impact of structural equation modeling incidental category activation on mimicry Helfried Moosbrugger, Karin Schermelleh-Engel Kaplan, David Educational Psychology, University of Schubert, Lisa Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, Universita¨t (chair) Wisconsin, Madison, USA Jena, Jena, Germany Becker, Antje Socialpsychology, This symposium deals with state-of-the-art SEM This talk will focus on the problem of causal University of Jena, Jena, Germany Burmeister, methodology. Rabe-Hesketh presents the general- inference in the context of structural equation Kerstin Socialpsychology, University of Jena, Jena, ized linear latent and mixed modeling framework modeling. I will situate the discussion within a Germany Steudel, Anna Socialpsychology, University that accommodates different types of responses. counterfactual theory of causation (Lewis, 1973; of Jena, Jena, Germany Jonas, Kai Socialpsychology, Marsh et al. show that the typical multilevel Mackie, 198) supplemented with the manipulation- University of Jena, Jena, Germany manifest covariate approaches can result in biased ist viewpoint of Woodward (2003). I argue that Automatic interpersonal mimicry is an affiliation estimates of contextual effects. Eid et al. present these viewpoints can be imbedded within an strategy used to bond with other individuals. This modern approaches for structurally different meth- improved practice of structural equation modeling imitation effect can be moderated by previously ods. Kaplan discusses causal inference within a based on the probabilistic reduction approach of activated categories. In our research, we investi- counterfactual theory of causation. West and Wu Spanos (1986) but with special focus on the gated this impact in a running interaction. There- show that model fit indices for growth curve models importance of examining exogeneity assumptions fore, a social category was made salient halfway are related to the type of longitudinal data being – including weak exogeneity and super exogeneity modeled. Moosbrugger et al. discuss problems of (including parameter invariance). Both forms of through an interaction. A strong effect of category evaluating the fit of nonlinear models. exogeneity are needed to warrant causal claims. salience on automatic behavior was shown in terms of decreased mimicry behavior in case of a negative social category. Further studies investigated alter- Multilevel structural equation modeling: Evaluating fit in growth models for longitudinal native explanations (e.g. decrease over time, dis- Comparing frameworks data: Insights from SEM and HLM Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia Graduate School of Education, West, Stephen G. Dept. of Psychology, Arizona State traction) for this effect. Based on this dependency University of California, Berkeley, USA University, Tempe, USA Wu, Wei Dept. of of mimicry on category salience, boundary condi- Multilevel structural equation models (SEMs) Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA tions for the imitation effect are discussed. include latent variables varying at different hier- Evaluating fit in Growth Curve Models (GCMs) is archical levels such as students and schools. an important but under studied issue. GCMs Stereotype-activation affects the self Conventional multilevel SEM partitions the covar- involve both mean and covariance structures as Hansen, Jochim Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, iance matrix of level-1 variables into between and well as potential design and missing data issues. The Universita¨t Basel, Basel, Switzerland Wa¨nke, within components and specifies separate models ability to obtain model fit indices for GCMs is Michaela Social Psychology, University of Basel, for each level. Limitations of this approach, and of directly related to the type of longitudinal data Basel, Switzerland most generalizations of this approach, include that being modeled. Three types of data structures in The present research investigates whether stereo- they do not permit direct specification of cross-level longitudinal data can be distinguished: balanced, effects of latent variables and that latent variables balanced missing at random, and unbalanced. We type-activation influences a person’s behavior can be measured by level-1 variables only. We discuss possible ways of evaluating model fit for through altered self-representations (i.e., the ac- describe the generalized linear latent and mixed each of the three types of longitudinal data in both tive-self account; Wheeler & Petty, 2001). In (GLLAMM) modeling framework which over- the SEM and HLM frameworks. Experiment 1, priming (young) participants with comes these limitations and accommodates ordinal, the stereotype of the elderly caused participants to continuous, and other types of responses. Problems of assessing model fit in nonlinear include stereotype-consistent characteristics into structural equation models their working self, as assessed with explicit (i.e., Multilevel latent covariate models: Controlling Moosbrugger, Helfried Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, self-descriptive) and implicit (i.e., reaction-time for unreliability in contextual studies Universita¨ t Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany based) measures. In Experiment 2, priming (stu- Marsh, Herbert Dept. of Educational Studies, Oxford Schermelleh-Engel, Karin Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, dent) participants with the stereotype of professors University, Oxford, United Kingdom Lu¨ dtke, Oliver Universita¨ t Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Klein, led participants to be more confident of their own Robitzsch, Alexander Trautwein, Ulrich Zentrum fu¨r Andreas Dept. of Psychology, University of Western knowledge than participants primed with a less Bildungsforschung, Max-Planck-Institut, Berlin, Ontario, London, Canada educated profession. These higher self-efficacy Germany Asparouhov, Tihomir Muthe´ n, Bengt In our presentation we will focus on the question In multilevel modeling, group-level (L2) character- how model fit can be assessed for nonlinear beliefs resulted in better performance at a general istics are often measured by aggregating individual- structural equation models, as for example, inter- knowledge test. level (L1) characteristics within each group to assess action models. The assessment of overall fit is both contextual effects (e.g., group-average effects of a conceptual and practical problem. The conceptual A preparatory interaction account of automatic SES, achievement, climate). We show that the problem is that it is unclear what counts for a typical multilevel manifest covariate approach social behavior: Implications and future saturated model for a nonlinear structure, the directions based on observed (manifest) group means can practical is related to the fact that nonlinear effects result in substantially biased estimates of contextual Cesario, Joseph Dept. of Psychology, Michigan State

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 may be difficult to distinguish from data-specific University, East Lansing, USA effects and standard errors, depending on sample irregularities. New approaches and directions to We have proposed that automatic behavior follow- sizes at L1 and L2, intraclass correlations, sampling resolve this problem for nonlinear models are ratios, and nature of the data. We introduce a new presented and discussed. ing social category priming results from perceivers class of multilevel latent covariate models that preparing to interact with primed category mem- provide unbiased estimates and control for unrelia- S-111: Modulation of automatic bers (Cesario, Plaks, & Higgins, 2006). This bility L1 and/or L2, and critically evaluate their motivated preparatory process integrates features appropriate application. social behavior: From an of the target, perceiver, and situational opportu- integration of effects towards nities to determine the most effective interaction Analyzing multimethod data future research directions behavior. I summarize recent research from this Eid, Michael Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Freie Universita¨t perspective, and discuss how considering all three of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Geiser, Christian Nussbeck, Kai Jonas (chair) these input sources makes unique predictions Fridtjof W. Automatic social behavior is a well established concerning automatic behavior, such as: substitut- Structural equation modeling has become the most effect in social cognition, with replicated already ability of behavioral outputs; identical behavioral often applied method for analyzing multimethod classic studies. Research has so far mostly focused data. Unfortunately, many applications of structur- on general effects. Thus, the aim of this symposium output from multiple category primes; multiple al equation models in this context are affected by is to present recent findings that provide evidence behavioral outputs from a single category prime; identification problems and improper solutions. for moderators and to point to boundary condi- and effects of the situational constraints uninten- The main message of this talk will be that different tions. Schubert et al. suggest incidentally primed tionally imposed by researchers. 370 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Goals as moderators of automatic response What role does social validation play in alpha and beta. Other researchers have argued that priming explaining shame? these traits are just signs of social desirable Jonas, Kai Dept. of Socialpsychology, University of Harris, Nathan RegNet College of Asia, Australian responding. Finally, there also seems to be some Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Sassenberg, National University, Australian Capital Territory, evidence for a combination of both trait and Kai Sozialpsychologie, Institut fu¨ r Wissensmedien, Australia response bias. This controversy of substance versus Tu¨ bingen, Germany There has been considerable debate about the role style bears implications for future research in the Interacting with a member of a social category can of shame, and whether it is a productive or useful field of personality psychology. Aim of this be relevant to attain ones goals. Thus, automati- emotion for individuals to feel. Particular emphasis symposium is to present all different views and cally activated response behavior (ARP, Jonas & has been placed on comparisons with guilt. In a their impact on current and future research. Sassenberg, 2006) can become a mean to a goal. previous study, which examined the dimensionality of shame-related emotions in drink-driving offen- Here, we test whether automatic response priming The two broad factors in lexical studies of ders, shame and guilt formed a single dimension. personality descriptors is moderated by activated individual goals. In Study This research replicates this analysis with 513 Thalmayer, Amber Gayle Dept. of Psychology, 1, matching behavior targets were activated faster in juveniles in criminal justice interventions for University of Oregon, Eugene, USA Saucier, Gerard a lexical decision task depending on activated goals. property and violence offences and shows that the Dept. of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Study 2 shows that mere concept activation isn‘t social context in which disapproval of behaviour is OR, USA sufficient to elicit these effects. Taken together, the expressed has a significant impact on the emotion The Big Five do not emerge in lexical studies that is reported. presented research shows the potential of individual conducted with wider variable selections or repli- goals to act as a moderator on the selection of cate well cross-culturally outside northern Eur- Shame and morality in school age children automatic response behavior activation. opean languages. A two-factor model, with factors Olthof, Tjeert Faculty of Psychology and Educ, VU of Dynamism and Social Propriety, however, University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands appears robust across languages and variable On the implicit evaluation of goals In contrast to claims that shame affects moral selection strategies. The current study used two- Ferguson, Melissa J. Dept. of Psychology, Cornell behavior negatively, I propose that shame in factor outputs from lexical studies in nine languages University, Ithaca, USA response to a moral transgression functions as a (eight language-groups) to test this hypothesis and Recent research shows that people’s implicit eva- moral emotion if a relevant audience values the define the most recurrent terms associated with individual’s adherence to moral norms. To examine luation of an end-state significantly predicted the these broader factors. Two-factor solutions were this issue we asked 598 10-13 year old children to success of their reported and actual pursuit of that highly consistent and closely resembled higher- rate their shame-before-adults and empathy-based end-state. Across four experiments, people’s im- order factors of the Big Five. This model might guilt in response to imagined acts of bullying. plicit and quick (less than 150 ms) evaluations of be usefully integrated with models of biological Additional measures reflected other aspects of processes and of mental disorders. abstract goal words (e.g., ‘‘equality,’’ ‘‘thin’’) children’s moral attitude and their real life anti- significantly predicted their success at pursuing social and pro-social interpersonal behavior. Shame those goals, and sometimes did so above and and guilt were similarly related to these measures, The highest order factor of personality and its beyond participants’ explicit (i.e., intentional, con- which indicates that shame can serve as a moral psychological meaning scious) ratings of the desirability of the goals emotion. Musek, Janek Dept. of Psychology, University of (Ferguson, 2007). Together, these findings suggest Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia that successful goal pursuit (e.g. refusing a fattening Theoretical underpinnings of shame-related The evidence of the strong highest order factor (The snack), may at times depend on people’s ‘‘snap’’ therapy Big One) has been established in the recent research Gilbert, Paul Mental Health Research Unit, Kingsway evaluative reactions to abstract words related to of the personality structure. The Big One is Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom characterized by high versus low Emotional Stabi- their goals. This talk will explore our approach to shame, lity, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraver- distinguishing between internal and external shame, sion, and Openness. It represents a very basic S-112: Shame: The ugly emotion? and humiliation. The talk will then focus on self- personality disposition that correlates with social criticism as a form of internal shame. Many people desirability, emotionality, motivation, well-being, with high shame can be fearful of feelings of satisfaction with life, and self-esteem. Quite sub- Julien Deonna (chair) warmth and self-reassurance and seem unable to stantial correlations with the general factor of well- The literature on shame has followed two divergent access soothing affect systems. Compassion focused being indicate the existence of a common psycho- tendencies: One has been to downgrade the status therapy was developed for people who have high logical base of personality dimensions and dimen- of Shame as a moral emotion, involving three shame and self-criticisms and are unable to self- sions of well-being. The possible biological roots of related claims: (1) shame is social, (2) there is no sooth. The talk will outline how compassionate the Big One, evolutionary, genetic, and neurophy- moral appraisal in shame, (3) shame is maladaptive. mind training seeks to activate positive affects siological, are also discussed and analyzed. Another tendency holds that shame is closely tied to related to soothing. I will also note some recent data on it effectiveness. self-protection by adherence to moral values. This Higher order personality factors: What role do interdisciplinary symposium (psychology and phi- Shame socialism and morality: Some conceptual states have? losophy) will bring new data to the debate distinctions Ziegler, Matthias Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Unversita¨t concerning the social nature of shame (Olthoff, Teroni, Fabrice Center for Affective Sciences, Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Bu¨ hner, Markus Inst. Harris, Teroni) and its maladaptiveness (Gilbert, University of Geneva, Gena` ve, Switzerland fu¨ r Psychologie, Unversta¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Ferguson), and how they inform the status of Both in philosophy and psychology, some authors Germany Some researchers argue for the existence of one or shame as a moral emotion. have claimed that, because of its social nature, shame at best plays no role in morality, or at worse two higher order factors above the Big 5. Whether promotes immoral behaviour. Others, mainly with- these factors represent bias or trait remains unclear. Myth busting: The science of shame or shame on in philosophy, have claimed that shame, precisely In 3 experiments the impact of state on the higher science? order factor structure was investigated. Study 1 Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 thanks to its sensitivity to social disapproval, is of Ferguson, Tamara Dept. of Psychology, Utah State paramount importance for morality and moral used a Latent State Trait design to evaluate general University, Logan, UT, USA Dansie, Elizabeth J. Dept. development. In this contribution, we attempt to state impact. In study 2 a faking scenario was used of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA pin down the role of shame in morality by to judge the loading pattern stability of the higher Western science frequently contrasts the "ugly" contrasting it with guilt and argue that the social order structure. Finally, study 3 employed an emotional villain of shame with nobler or heroic or non-social nature of shame is not directly emotion manipulation design to assess the role of guilty feelings. We criticize this prevailing view, relevant to this role. We defend the thesis that the emotions. All results will be presented and discussed in the light of existing theories. stressing that guilt may not be an emotion, shame moral relevance of shame is to be ascribed to its exists in multiple varieties, and many findings are function of protecting one’s self-respect. equivocal due to flawed measurement or manipula- Higher-order factors in a five-factor personality tions. Recent findings of ours (n > 1000), and S-113: The higher order factor inventory and its relation to social desirability uncontaminated published results, supported each Ba¨ckstro¨ m, Martin Dept. of Psychology, Lund structure of the big 5: Substance, University, Lund, Sweden criticism among diverse nationalities and methods, style or both The effort to measure the five factor model of particularly in individuals 12 years or older and for personality has been beset by problems to explain shame as an anticipated emotion. Shame’s painful Matthias Ziegler (chair) why the factors often are correlated. One possible affective nature may powerfully motivate appro- In recent years there has been a debate on the explanation to this problem is that social desir- priate self-criticism, desires to learn from one’s past, higher order factor structure of the Big 5. Some ability (SD) accounts for an important part of and the avoidance of similar future mistakes. results indicate the existence of two stable traits, personality rating variance. One way of under- Wednesday 23rd July 2008 371

standing the role of SD is to consider it as a Department of Psychology (University of Salzburg) USA, who are working on admission tools in higher separate factor, more or less uniformly influencing developed an admission procedure containing education. The interplay of content, assessment, the ratings of the personality factors. This model empirically recommended elements as grades and and context aspects and its effect on admission will be described, scrutinized and compared with specific measures of aptitude. Additionally, a work- procedures will be presented and discussed from an other possible models. sample, which tests learning abilities, was included. international perspective. In the discussion we will The procedure has been applied three times and focus on the impact of various interventions on the shows high predictive validity. Conceptual ideas success of admission procedures. Substance and artifact in personality description and results are presented and the current status of Riemann, Rainer Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t access in Austrian higher education is discussed. S-115: Interactions with animals Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Ostendorf, Fritz Abteilung Psychologie, Universita¨ t Bielefeld, and socio-emotional competence Bielefeld, Germany Do¨ brich, Christian Abteilung What you test is what you get: Validity and Psychologie, Universita¨ t Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany classificatory efficiency for a new selection tool Birgit U. Stetina, Andrea Beetz (chair) Digman (1997) proposed that the Big Five person- Schroeders, Ulrich Iqb, Humboldt-Universita¨t zu Numerous studies have documented the positive ality traits showed a higher-order structure with two Berlin, Berlin, Germany Formazin, Maren IQB, effects of social-emotional competence on personal factors labeled a and b. These factors have been Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany relations, work life, health and life-contentment. alternatively interpreted as heritable components of Wilhelm, Oliver IQB, Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Animals can help people deal with their feelings. personality or as artifacts of evaluative bias. Berlin, Germany They can assist individuals in approaching negative McCrae et al. (2007) showed that artifact models In a college admission context, it is advisable to feelings more consciously as well as in coping with outperformed substance models, but models com- combine a variety of tests, each assessing a specific these emotions. The positive effects of animals on bining both artifact and substance were slightly aspect of proficiency for successfully completing a individuals are shown in many studies and so is better. We extend these analyses to the level of the course. A broader variety of measures reduces their assistance in developing social skills. The factor structure of the NEO-PI-R facets, to test the method and training effects, allowing for a more overall research question of the presented studies hypotheses that ‘‘substance’’ factors are more precise prediction of academic success. We have regards the contribution of animal-assisted work to important at this level of analysis. Two German developed new tests for the selection of under- the development of social-emotional competences. data sets (self- and peer reports) are analyzed using graduate Psychology students, assessing reasoning, Results provide strong evidence for the positive SEM. psychological science comprehension, maths, Eng- effects of animals on persons of different ages. lish, and biology. We will present results from a high-stakes test with 1.191 applicants, focusing on Attachment to dogs, emotional intelligence and S-114: Prediction of academic the structure of the tests, their quality and emotion regulation achievement: Theory and practice covariance structure and how classification deci- Beetz, Andrea Inst. fu¨ r Bildung, Universita¨ t Erlangen- sions change as a function of the number and in different countries Nu¨ rnberg, Erlangen, Germany Podberscek, Anthony variety of subtests. Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Paul Lengenfelder, Ulrich Schroeders (chair) Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Ability and personality measures used in college Do psychosocial factors have a role in promoting This study investigated attachment to humans and admission procedures are expected to meet content college success? the current dog, Emotional Intelligence (EI), and requirements, assessment standards, and context Robbins, Steve Research Dept., ACT, Iowa City, USA perceived stress during a stressful task. In 28 female considerations like institutional utility and legisla- We unravel the differential effects of standardized dog-owners and 19 women without a dog (age 18- tive risks. The symposium brings together research- achievement, grades, status variables (e.g., race and 72) attachment and EI was assessed once and the ers from Austria, Germany, Switzerland and the SES), and psychosocial factors (PSF’s) when current emotional state was assessed 5 times during USA, who are working on admission tools in higher understanding college retention and academic a stressful computer simulation. Interactions with education. The interplay of content, assessment, performance behaviors using a longitudinal sample the dog were rated from videotapes. Secure attach- and context aspects and its effect on admission of 14,800 students who entered 48 2- and 4-year ment was associated with better EI, and this was procedures will be presented and discussed from an postsecondary institutions. We argue that for high linked to less stress during the task. Women international perspective. In the discussion we will stakes testing the issues of coaching, multiple forms, attached to their dogs interacted more positively focus on the impact of various interventions on the and fakeability preclude use of PSF’s. However, we with it, which was linked to less stress. Dogs can be success of admission procedures. also describe the practical benefits of using PSF’s to used for emotion regulation, however, its presence classify students who are at risk for academic alone does not reduce stress. Medical admission test in Switzerland and difficulty and dropping out so that interventions can be aimed at improving college success. Austria: Does the same test work similiar in Quality of relationships to pets and emotion different countries? Experiences regarding regulation in adolescence fairness, gender aspects and prognostic validity What personal qualities are most important for Beetz, Andrea Inst. fu¨ r Bildung, Universita¨ t Erlangen- Ha¨ nsgen, Klaus-Dieter Zentrum fu¨ r Testentwicklung, success in higher education? Nu¨ rnberg, Erlangen, Germany Mayr, Christine Dept. Universita¨ t Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Spicher, Kyllonen, Patrick C. Center for New Construct, of Psychology, Universita¨ t Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Benjamin Zentrum fu¨ r Testentwicklung, University of Educational Testing Service, Princeton, USA Reiter, Alfons Dept. of Psychology, University Fribourg, Granges-Paccot/FR, Switzerland U.S. higher education institutions make admissions Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria The ‘‘Medical Admission Test EMS’’, an advance- decisions based on prior grades, standardized test This study investigated the link between the quality ment of the German TMS, has been mandatory in scores, previous course work, and indicators of of the relationship to humans and animals and Switzerland since 1998 and at two Austrian noncognitive skills (e.g., leadership, motivation, emotion regulation (ER) strategies. Questionnaire universities since 2006. The EMS consists of ten experience) taken from biographical surveys, per- data (Inventory of Parent and Peer ATtachment; subtests, takes five hours and aims at predicting sonal statements, reference letters, and interviews. Animal Relations Questionnaire; FEEL-KJ) from abilities needed to successfully complete medical Meta-analyses show these variables are predictive 101 Austrian juveniles (56% female, 44% male; age studies (duration of study, passing of exams). Due of a wide range of academic outcomes, such as 13-15) were collected. Attachment to the mother, to European mobility, about 50% of candidates in grades, completion, comprehensive examinations, but not father was linked to adaptive ER. Regres- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Austria originate from other countries. Success can research citation counts, and faculty evaluations. I sion analysis showeda positive association between be predicted equally well for all testees. However, review this evidence along with prospects for new alienation from peers and mother and maladaptive participants from different countries differ in their measures we are currently experimenting with, and ER. Juveniles with negative representations of abilities. This talk will address the question of how I discuss the implications of these findings for what animals showed more ‘‘over-control’’ of emotions, to ensure fairness of admission regarding countries they tell about what qualities are most important in while attachment to pets correlated negatively with and gender. determining success in higher education. over-control. Caregiving to animals was related to adaptive ER. Results document connections be- tween attachment to humans and animals and Validity of a work sample approach in a student Prediction of academic achievement: Theory and emotion regulation. admission procedure for psychology practice in different countries Lengenfelder, Paul Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Lengenfelder, Paul Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Baumann, Urs Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Formazin, Maren IQB, Changes in social-emotional behavior and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany attention span during animal assisted activities Salzburg, Austria Ability and personality measures used in college with children with psychiatric problems, living in Access to Austrian universities has changed mark- admission procedures are expected to meet content a residential setting edly due to a decision of the European Court of requirements, assessment standards, and context Enders-Slegers, Marie-Jose Faculty Social Sciences, Justice in 2005. For the first time and at short considerations like institutional utility and legisla- University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands notice, admission procedures had to be introduced tive risks. The symposium brings together research- The present study investigated the effects of animal in studies like psychology or medicine. The ers from Austria, Germany, Switzerland and the assisted activities on the behavior, emotions and 372 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

attention span of children with psychiatric pro- Objectives: Intention of the present study was to Behavioral Sc, Emory University School of Med, blems. A treatment group (N=13) was tested before evaluate the effects of the animal-assisted training Atlanta, USA and after 9 weekly interventions with Conners (MTI) on social-emotional competences of first Studies of CFS suggest that stress factors contribute Global Index and Child Behavior Checklist. Inter- graders. Methods: In a pre-post design a treatment to the development of CFS. We summarize findings ventions were videotaped and evaluated with a group of 19 first-graders (aged 5 -7) was evaluated from various studies investigating stress factors in Social Behavior Observation list (Kongable et al, with questionnaires at two testpoints in comparison persons with fatigue. Subjects meeting the 1994 1989). Personal caretakers were interviewed twice. to a respective control group. Parameters were Research Case Definition of CFS and matched Questionnaire data document positive changes among others self-concept and emotion regulation. controls were examined using a population-based regarding social and emotional aspects of the The data was analysed with statistical inference approach. Early life stress, chronic stress, coping, behavior of 7 children. Positive changes with 13 procedures (GLM). Results: Significant and rele- and salivary cortisol were assessed. Early life stress children were observed during interventions: in- vant improvements were found (e.g. healthier influences later manifestation of CFS. Attenuated creasing attention span, new behavior, positive emotion regulation strategies). Conclusion: The salivary cortisol levels, higher chronic stress levels in emotions. Animal assisted interventions can im- animal-assisted training (MTI) seems to have an adulthood, and maladaptive coping styles are prove functioning during the animal visits and even enhancing effect on social-emotional competences typical of CFS. Stress likely influences central long-term. of young school children. nervous, neuroendocrine and immune systems, resulting in functional changes that lead to CFS symptoms. Enhancing emotional wellbeing, S-116: Psychobiological communications and physical activities with consequences of stress animal assisted interventions with mentally Stress and obesity: Is stress reactivity a predictor of weight change? handicapped elderly Beate Ditzen, Urs Nater (chair) Messerli-Burgy, Nadine Dept. of Epidemiology and Enders-Slegers, Marie-Jose Faculty Social Sciences, There is consistent data from animal research PH, University College London, London, United University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands von der showing that stress might negatively impact health. Kingdom Tunklova, Libuse Dept. of General Internal Linden, L. Geerdink, J. In line with this, studies in humans suggest that Med, University Hospital Berne, Bern, Switzerland The study investigated the effects of visiting dogs stress might mediate the influences of genes on Znoj, Hansjoerg Dept. of Clin Psychology, University and their handlers on the emotional wellbeing, cognition, emotion regulation, and behavior, with of Berne, Bern, Switzerland Laederach-Hofmann, Kurt communications and activities of mentally handi- potential implications for clinical conditions such as Dept. General Internal Med, University Hospital of capped elderly. There was a pre-test and 2 post-tests depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, and obesity. Berne, Bern, Switzerland and 6 repeated measures (videotaped observations) In the symposium, we would like to present and Increasing evidence indicates a relationship between of the visits. Group A was visited by dog and discuss recent findings from international research obesity and stress. To date, little is known about the handler (N = 10); Group B was visited by a groups. We will particularly focus on clinical influence of stress reactivity on weight change. We volunteer (N = 8) and Group C was not visited (N research in humans and discuss cognitive behavior- examined 20 obese patients attending a one year = 7) (age: 47–88). Group A & B showed significant al and non-cognitive treatment options in stress- weight reduction program and, in parallel, a group changes in emotional wellbeing and communication related disorders. receiving diet counselling only. All patients com- during the visits; Group A showed a significant pleted autonomic testing sessions at baseline and 12 increase in physical activities as well. Visiting dogs Serotonin transporter gene variation impact on months follow-up. Stress reactivity did not differ can enhance wellbeing, communications and physi- the Cortisol response to psychosocial stress between the treatment groups at baseline. However, cal activities with mentally handicapped elderly. Mueller, Anett Biopsychologie, Technical University results revealed discriminative changes in stress Dresden, Dresden, Germany reactivity depending on degree of weight loss. The Changes in social-emotional competences of Serotonin has significant links with depression, results provide evidence that stress reactivity may adolescents during an animal-assisted-training anxiety and stress responsivity. Here, we studied the influence weight loss in obese patients. (MTI) impact of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on the stress response in three healthy groups (8-12 y., 20- Stetina, Birgit U. Forschung und Ausbildung, Treatment options in stress-related disorders Universita¨t Wien, Wien, Austria Burger, Eva Research 30 y., 60-80 y.) which have been confronted with the Trier Social Stress Test. Additionally, stress re- Gaab, Jens Inst. fu¨ r Klin. Psychologie, Universita¨t and Training Practice, Universita¨ t Wien, Wien, Austria Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Ditzen, Beate Clinical Turner, Karoline Research and Training Practice, sponses in infants have been examined by a preventive medical check-up. In these newborns, Psychology and PT, University of Zurich, Zurich, Universita¨t Wien, Wien, Austria Lederman Maman, Switzerland Hammerfald, Karin Clinical Psychology Tamara Research and Training Practice, Universita¨t stress responses did not differ between 5-HTTLPR genotypes. Surprisingly, adults carrying the higher and PT, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Wien, Wien, Austria Handlos, Ursula SPZ 9, Nater, Urs Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, Ctrs f. Stadtschulrat fu¨ r Wien, Wien, Austria Kryspin-Exner, expressing allele of the 5-HTT polymorphism revealed a significantly higher cortisol response Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta GA, USA Ehlert, Ulrike Ilse Research and Training Practice, Universita¨ t Wien, Clinical Psychology and PT, University of Zurich, Wien, Austria than individuals carrying the lower expressing allele. Increased amygdala responsiveness appears Zurich, Switzerland Objectives: The present study investigated the In a series of studies, we sought to examine the effects of an animal-assisted-training (MTI) on to be linked to a relatively low adrenocortical response to psychosocial stress. influence of anticipatory cognitive appraisal pro- social-emotional competences of adolescents. Meth- cesses on cortisol stress responses. Using regression ods: Using a pre-post design a treatment group (27 analyses we identified anticipatory cognitive ap- students aged 11–14 years) and a respective control Stress, cortisol and memory retrieval in humans: praisal as an important determinant of the cortisol group were surveyed with questionnaires at two test An update on recent findings stress response, explaining up to 35% of the points. Parameters were among others self-concept Wolf, Oliver Inst. Verhaltenspsychologie, Ruhr- variance of the salivary cortisol response. Based and self-esteem. The data was evaluated through Universita¨ t Bochum, Bochum, Germany on these findings, we examined the ability of statistical inference procedures (GLM). Results: Studies in animals and humans have repeatedly cognitive and non-cognitive interventions to influ- Significant and relevant differences regarding effect observed that stress or treatment with the stress ence psychoneuroendocrine responses during acute sizes were found. A visible development (e.g. more hormone cortisol impairs delayed memory retrieval. as well as chronic stress in healthy subjects and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 positive self-concept) was documented for the This presentation gives an overview about recent patient populations. Results indicate that psycho- treatment group. Conclusion: Adolescents seem to findings trying to characterize the brain regions logical processes determine neuroendocrine stress improve their social-emotional competences during involved in these processes in the human with responses. Psychotherapeutical interventions may the animal-assisted training (MTI). functional neuroimaging techniques. In addition positively modulate these psychobiological interac- the relevance of these findings for several clinical tions in health and disease. groups (e.g. patients receiving glucocorticoid ther- Changes in social-emotional competences of apy or older subjects with age associated cortisol Role of acute versus longterm depressive first-graders during an animal-assisted-training alterations) is discussed. Here the difficulty to (MTI) symptomes in predicting systemic inflammation differentiate acute from chronic effects of the stress Stetina, Birgit U. Forschung und Ausbildung, hormone is illustrated. Rohleder, Nic Dept. of Psychology, University of Universita¨t Wien, Wien, Austria Turner, Karoline Lehr- British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Miller, Gregory und Forschungspraxis, Universita¨ t Wien, Wien, E. Dept. of Psychology, University of British Austria Burger, Eva Lehr- und Forschungspraxis, The relationship between stress and chronic Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Universita¨t Wien, Wien, Austria Lederman Maman, fatigue syndrome (CFS): A population-based Depression is a risk factor for coronary heart Tamara Lehr- und Forschungspraxis, Universita¨t approach disease and inflammation has been proposed as Wien, Wien, Austria Handlos, Ursula SPZ 9, Nater, Urs Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, Centers for mechanism. It is unknown whether long-term or Statdtschulrat fu¨ r Wien, Wien, Austria Kryspin-Exner, Disease Control, Atlanta, USA Reeves, William short-term mood changes are responsible. Sixty-five Ilse Lehr- und Forschungspraxis, Universita¨ t Wien, Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, Centers Disease young women provided weekly online ratings of Wien, Austria Control, Atlanta, USA Heim, Christine Psychiatry & depressive mood over twenty weeks using the CES- Wednesday 23rd July 2008 373

D, and inflammatory mediators were measured psychogerontology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Therefore an online applicable VE was pro- before and after. Hierarchical regressions revealed Germany Lang, Frieder R. Inst. fu¨r grammed. Three main advantages are expected that trait depressive symptoms were not associated Psychogerontologie, Universita¨ t Erlangen-Nu¨ rnberg, from this approach: (a) economical application with inflammation. In contrast, state depressive Erlangen, Germany through online assessment (b) effective instigation symptoms predicted Interleukin-6, but not C- We propose an evolutionary model of relationship of motivational systems and (c) the observation of reactive protein. Results suggests that at younger regulation based on 2 mechanisms, the regulation of motivational dynamics. First results of this study age, fast-reacting inflammatory mediators respond emotional closeness and reciprocity. Both mechan- will be presented. to short-term mood changes, probably mediated by isms are supposed to differentiate between and acute changes in stress hormones, rather than long- within kin, non-kin, and partner relationships. S-118: Sexual aggression: Social, term endocrine dysregulations. These expectations were confirmed by 2 studies, one online study with 455 young adults and a field individual and professional S-117: New directions in romantic study involving 171 middle-age couples from 4 attitudes relationship research different family forms (i.e., traditional vs. patch- work families, involuntarily vs. motivated childless Barbara Krahe´ , Gerd Bohner (chair) couples). The associations between closeness and Ina Grau, Rainer Banse (chair) Misconceptions and stereotypes about sexual ag- This symposium presents innovative empirical reciprocity differed across family life forms indicat- gression are widespread in Western societies. Six studies in the field of romantic relationships. 1) ing that basic mechanisms of relationship regula- papers examine their impact on (biased) informa- Culture: Banse investigates the hitherto almost tion vary also as a function of environmental tion processing and judgments about rape, sexual ignored area of arranged marriages in Asia and affordance. assault, and sexual harassment. Using data from Arabia. Asendorpf and Penke focus on new trends the United Kingdom and Germany, they examine in Western culture, such as couples living apart, and Relationship quality in arranged marriages: First the influence of extra-legal factors on assessments speed dating to better understand the mechanisms data from Saudi Arabia and India of victim credibility, victim blame, and perpetrator guilt in rape cases (vs. other crimes), the role of of romantic attraction and relationship mainte- Banse, Rainer Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Bonn, rape-supportive attitudes, circumstances of alcohol- nance. Neyer uses principles of evolutionary psy- Bonn, Germany Grau, Ina Institute of psychology, related rapes, effects of media campaigns on rape chology to better understand different family forms. University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Al Tamimi, Nadia awareness, and of attractiveness stereotypes on 2) Methods: Dewitte uses latency-based measures Department of psychology, University of York, York, perceptions of sexual harassers. Strategies for and Scho¨nbrodt a virtual reality environment to United Kingdom Jaiswal, Tulika Department of reducing the impact of rape stereotypes will also investigate behavioral aspects of approach-avoid- psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom be discussed. ance behavior, and the regulation of intimacy and Research on marital satisfaction has almost exclu- autonomy. sively focused on Western choice marriages, very little is known about predictors and the develop- Bad but a beau? Effects of harasser attractiveness Speed dating as a paradigm for the study of ment of marital quality in arranged marriages. In on judgments of unwanted sexual attention initial romantic attraction, mate choice and five studies (total N > 500) in Saudi Arabia and Vanselow, Nina Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, courtship behavior India we measured relationship satisfaction, attach- Universita¨t Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Bohner, Penke, Lars Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Humboldt- ment, and conflict behavior of romantic partners in Gerd Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Bielefeld, Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Asendorpf, arranged marriages. The translation of measures Bielefeld, Germany Jens Institute of psychology, Humboldt-University into Hindi and Arabic was by and large successful. Women’s reactions to unwanted sexual attention Berlin, Berlin, Germany Marital satisfaction in arranged marriages had were studied in a "computer chat" experiment. Research on romantic attraction and mate choice similar correlates as in choice marriages, but the Female students (N = 152) interacted online with a usually relies on self-reports, reactions to isolated level of fearful and preoccupied attachment was (virtual) male partner. The male’s attractiveness cues, or observations in artificial laboratory situa- significantly higher. Contradicting previous results, (high, low), the material he sent (remarks, jokes), tions. In contrast, speed dating offers a unique relationship quality in arranged marriages did not and its nature (harassing, neutral) were manipu- environment to observe initial romantic attraction, increase over time. lated between participants. The students rated mate choice, and courtship in real life. In the Berlin partner and material on several dimensions. Results showed that attractive (vs. unattractive) males and Speed Dating Study, a community sample of 383 The role of automatic approach-avoidance the material they sent were generally rated less singles participated in speed dating events under tendencies in adult attachment negatively. This attractiveness effect was pro- experimentally controlled conditions. Individual Dewitte, Marieke Exp Clinical and Health Psych., nounced in the harassing remarks conditions but characteristics were assessed, all interactions were Ghent University, Gent, Germany De Houwer, Jan absent when participants directly judged the mate- videotaped, and two follow-up studies were con- Exp Clinical and Health Psych., Ghent University, rial’s harassingness. Theoretical and legal implica- ducted over a period of 1 year. First results will be Ghent, Belgium Buysse, Ann Exp Clinical and Health tions will be discussed. presented on what seems to be the first speed dating Psych., Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium study including behavioral observation. To understand attachment-related behaviour, we conceptualized proximity seeking as an automatic Relationship, location and alcohol: Increasing the Living apart together: Age-dependent faces of a approach-avoidance tendency influenced by context risk of being raped new form of nonconventional couples and attachment style. In two experiments, partici- Horvath, Miranda London, United Kingdom Brown, Asendorpf, Jens Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Humboldt- pants made approach and avoidance movements Jennifer Department of Psychology, University of Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Neberich, towards/away from attachment figure- and known Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom Wiebke Institute of psychology, Humboldt-University person-related cues after priming with a distressing This paper clarifies that the crucial factors for Berlin, Berlin, Germany or non-distressing context. Results showed that identifying when a woman has least negotiative We compared living apart together (LAT) couples automatic approach responses towards the attach- space and hence is most at risk of being raped are where two committed partners live in different ment figure were stronger in a distressing than a the relationship she has with the male and the households with couples sharing a household. A non-distressing context. Attachment anxiety heigh- location in which they encounter each other. The representative German longitudinal study tened the tendency to approach the attachment findings suggest that different relationships and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 (N>8,000) showed a lower stability of LAT, an figure, attachment avoidance reduced this tendency. locations have different etiquettes attached to them increase of LAT over the last 15 years, and a Findings highlight the utility of indirect measures and as a result will create different latitudes which decrease of LAT and the tendency to move together for understanding attachment processes and pro- affect the amount of space for action women have. after LAT with increasing age. Two internet surveys vide new evidence on the role of motivational action Both of these elements interact with the incapacita- (N>2,000) showed a trade-off between more tendencies in adult attachment. tion or sobriety of the victim. It can be concluded insecure attachment and more intense and satisfac- that alcohol can only ever increase risk of being tory sexuality with the partner among older LATs. raped and never decrease it. Intimacy and autonomy in close relationships: The results suggest that LAT relationships are Assessment of implicit motives in virtual mainly transitional until midlife but later become a environments Rape complainant credibility and expert life form of its own. Scho¨ nbrodt, Felix Department of Psychology, evidence: Findings of a Mock Jury study Saarland University, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Munro, Vanessa School of Law, University of Differentiating partner from other relationships In the regulation of distance in close relationships Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom Ellison, through emotional closeness and perceived two basal motivational systems are involved: the Louise School of Law, University of Leeds, Leeds, reciprocity need for intimacy and the need for autonomy. As it United Kingdom Neyer, Franz J. Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t is difficult to satisfy both motives jointly in one In determining the issue of consent in rape cases, Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Wrzus, Cornelia situation, a motivational dynamic between both is research suggests that jurors are influenced by Institute of psychology, University of Potsdam, implied. To assess the dynamics of this process, extra-legal factors relating to the complainant’s Potsdam, Germany Wagner, Jenny Institute of behavior in virtual environments (VE) is observed. behaviour before, during and after the alleged 374 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

attack. In some jurisdictions, prosecutors may symposium, studies from Europe, China and the moderating effect of job control and social introduce evidence to ‘educate’ jurors on the Australia will be presented allowing for a broad support on the ‘‘emotional labor-burnout’’ relation- realities and impact of rape. Such initiatives cross-cultural discussion of service work topics. We ship. A survey was distributed to 116 hotel (recently proposed for England and Wales) assume present empirical studies which focus on specific employees, 96 tour guides, and 94 call-center that (i) behavioural cues reduce jurors’ perceptions aspects of antecedents and consequences of service, employees in China. Factor and reliability analyses of complainant credibility, and (ii) inferential emotional labor and emotion regulation processes were conducted to confirm scale properties. We shortcomings in juror understanding are responsive involved in professional social interactions. Studies to education. Preliminary findings of a project include customers’ perspectives as well as service- found support for our hypotheses. Emotional labor (drawing on a series of mock jury deliberations) employees’ perspectives and focus on display rules was found to be related to employee burnout. that scrutinised these assumptions will be presented and their sources, mediators and moderators in the Further, job control and social support moderated and evaluated. emotional labor-burnout relationship, emotional this relationship. intelligence, and emotion regulation strategies. Effects of irrelevant information on judgments of Mediating mechanisms among emotional labor, guilt in a rape case: The moderating role of rape Customer and employee perception of critical customer related stressors and burnout myths and hostile sexism incidents in service encounters Dudenhoeffer, Sarah Inst. of Psychology, Johannes Bohner, Gerd Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Neumann, Christina Arbeits-, Organis.-Psychologie, Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany Dormann, Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Eyssel, Friederike Inst. Universita¨ t Rostock, Rostock, Germany Nerdinger, Christian Psychology, Gutenberg-University, Mainz, fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Friedemann W. Org. and Busin. Psychology, Germany Germany University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany In the present study we investigated emotional We examined how irrelevant information about The behavior of frontline service providers deter- labor as a mediator of the relationship between victim and defendant affects laypersons’ judgments mines whether the customer is satisfied or not. In a customer related social stressors and burnout. For in a rape case. After reading a report containing few recently conducted study of brief service encounters this purpose we integrated data of 15 studies vs. many irrelevant details about the victim and few in bakery stores we identified out of 105 incidents vs. many irrelevant details about the defendant, seven critical behavior-categories (e.g. individual comprising different service jobs (e.g., flight atten- students (N = 106) judged the defendant’s guilt and treatment of the customer), representing the percep- dants, nurses, teachers; N = 3155). A series of recommended a sentence. They also completed tion of customers. In a second study in the same alternative models involving different types of scales of rape myth acceptance (RMA) and hostile field we ask 40 frontline-employees of bakery-stores mediation were tested using latent variable struc- sexism (HS). For students high (vs. low) in RMA for incidents that satisfied or dissatisfied them in the tural equation modelling. By means of multi-group- and HS, many (vs. few) irrelevant details led to interaction with the customer. The incidents men- analysis we also tested if the validity of the overall lower judgments of guilt and lower sentence tioned by employees are compared with those model could be generalized across occupations. recommendations. Rape-related attitudes (RMA, mentioned by customers in the previous study. HS) thus caused biased interpretations of case Similarities, differences as well as conclusions are information. discussed. Upward exaggeration and downward regulation: Emotions felt and emotion regulation in interactions at work Differences in the attribution of victim blame in Customers’ perception of employees’ friendliness Semmer, Norbert Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t cases of sexual assault and robbery in service interactions: Effects of display rules Bern, Bern, Switzerland Tschan, Franziska Inst.de Fischbach, Andrea Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Bieneck, Steffen Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Psychologie du Travail, Universite´ de Neuchaˆ tel, Trier, Trier, Germany Cillien, Patrick Psychology, Trier Potsdam, Golm, Germany Neuchaˆ tel, Switzerland Messerli, Laurence Inst.de University, Trier, Germany Research in legal decision making provides evidence Psychologie du Travail, Universite´ de Neuchaˆ tel, that the evaluation of sexual assault cases is We explored effects of implicit and explicit emo- Neuchaˆ tel, Switzerland influenced by schematic information processing. tional display rules of a German bank on custo- We try to expand emotion work research by To clarify, whether those findings are limited to mers’ received friendliness. A sample of 42 tellers assessing a) 16 different emotions, b) interactions cases with a sexual connotation, two experimental reported implicit display rules at work and was studies have been conducted. 400 participants were explicitly required either expressing friendliness or with peers and superiors, and c) fine-tuned upward presented with scenarios describing incidents of expressing felt emotions for one week. Their and downward regulation. Multi-level analyses of rape and robbery with the victim being either customers (n=160) rated received friendliness. A more than 1200 interactions of 102 employees with female or male. Subjects rated perpetrator and strong effect of the explicit display rule on peers and superiors show that appraisal theories victim blame for each case. In addition, stereotypic customer-ratings was revealed when tellers reported predict felt emotions in interactions better than beliefs about sexual assault were measured. Results weak implicit display rules for anger-suppression, status expectation theories. Negative emotions and indicate that the impact of extraneous information with maximum ratings in the "friendly"- and self-relevant emotions are more often downplayed, is limited to the processing of cases with a sexual minimum ratings in the "felt"-condition. When and most positive emotions are more often ex- connotation. tellers reported strong implicit display rules, custo- aggerated. Hierarchical position and relationship mer-ratings were on average in both conditions. Practical implications were discussed. closeness influence emotions felt and displayed. The Raising rape awareness through mass media results suggest that the regulation of emotion campaigns: An experimental evaluation display is influenced by display rules, impression Krahe´ , Barbara Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Motives for doing emotional labour management, and protection of face. Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Temkin, Jennifer Zapf, Dieter Abreits-, Organis.-Psychologie, Sussex Law School, University of Sussex, Brighton, Universita¨ t Franfurt, Frankfurt, Germany United Kingdom Customer-oriented organisations expect from their Emotion regulation in service The study examined the effects of a rape awareness service employees to comply with the display rules Ha¨ rtel, Charmine Dept. of Management, Monash poster campaign on judgements of perpetrator of the organisation and to show desired emotions in University, Clayton, Australia Russell, Kay Director, reliability in rape cases differing in defendant- interactions with customers such as being friendly SJP Financial Services Group, West End, Australia complainant relationship and coercive strategy and showing positive emotions. Extending the study Lloyd, Shannon Management, Monash University, Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 (force vs. alcohol). N = 2,176 members of the of Totterdell and Holman (2003) we hypothesised Clayton VIC, Australia Russell-Bennett, Rebekah public in the UK rated defendant liability and specific motives such as demonstrating competence, Advertising, Marketing and PR, QUT, Brisbane, recommended sentences for six rape scenarios establishing trust, avoiding conflict escalation or Australia whilst exposed to one of two rape awareness motivating a customer to be associated with specific The link between emotional intelligence and emo- posters, a written paragraph about consent, a emotion regulation strategies such as attentional tional labour has been both theorised and implicitly combination of both, or a control condition. No deployment, perspective taking or faking emotions. assumed. The assumption in the literature is that effects of the posters or the consent paragraph were Results from a qualitative study and a diary study people differ in their abilities to manage their own found. Recommendations are presented for theory- with nurses, police officers, salespersons, coiffeurs and others’ emotions and this is related to their based media campaigns to raise awareness about and flight attendants using hierarchical linear sexual assault and to dispel rape myths.. modelling supported our assumptions. experiences of emotional labour in service work. To date, little empirical research has been undertaken investigating this link. This paper seeks to address S-119: Service work, emotional Linking emotional labor and burnout in China this gap by presenting findings of empirical research labor and emotion regulation Chen, Xiafang Dept. of Psychology, University of undertaken in the complaint handling context. The Maryland, Maryland, USA Hanges, Paul Dept. of Andrea Fischbach (chair) Psychology, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA results suggest that the relationship between emo- Recently, antecedents and consequences of service The present study examined the relationship tional intelligence and emotional labour is complex work have received increased attention in work and between the emotional labor demands of a job and not entirely parsimonious with current theori- organizational psychology. In this international and eventual employee burnout. We also examined sations of emotional intelligence. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 375

S-120: Advances in internet- The effectiveness of the high hurdle technique: perspective with the impulsive and automatic mediated psychological research Do artificially increased loading times enhance accounts of human behavior. They address issues data quality? that lie at the intersection of social and clinical Stieger, Stefan BEMAW, Medizin. Universita¨ t Wien, psychology and demonstrate the fruitfulness of an Ulf-Dietrich Reips (chair) Wien, Austria Go¨ ritz, Anja Dep Organizational Social integration of both approaches. Methods for Internet-based research are currently Psy, University Erlangen-Nu¨ rnberg, Nu¨ rnberg, one of the hot areas in methodology. Within a Germany dozen years, the field has seen a massive increase in Two Web-based experiments examined the useful- Influence of pain on emotion processing the number of studies conducted on the Internet, ness of artificially delaying the loading of the first Gerdes, Antje Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t marking a grass-roots change in how psychological study page. The hope attached to this technique is Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Kenntner-Mabiala, research often is conducted (for examples of Web to filter out less-motivated respondents through a Ramona Department of Psychology, University of experiments and surveys see the web experiment list higher respondent burden. Participants who remain Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Alpers, Georg W. at http://genpsylab-wexlist.unizh.ch/). The present in the study are expected to be more motivated and Department of Psychology, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Andreatta, Marta Department of symposium brings together researchers from five thus to produce data of higher quality. In both Psychology, University of Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, countries who present findings on methods, techni- experiments the longer the loading time, the lower the likelihood of people responding to the study. Germany Weyers, Peter Department of Psychology, ques, and tools in Internet-based research and on University of Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Pauli, differences to laboratory research. However the dropout rate and quality of data were independent of the loading time. Therefore, artifi- Paul Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, cially delaying the loading of the first study page is Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Are there effects of color on results of web counterproductive. Emotion modulates pain perception. In order to experiments? test whether pain can also influence emotion Birnbaum, Michael Dept. of Psychology, California processing, emotional pictures were presented to Sources of error in response time measurement State University, Fullerton, USA Galesic, Mirta ABC, 49 healthy volunteers during either a painful in the lab and on the web Max-Planck-Institut, Berlin, Germany pressure stimulation or without pain. Subjective Czienskowski, Uwe ABC, MPI for Human Web researchers often use color to make their ratings and startle reflex were measured. During Development, Berlin, Germany Liske, Nannette pain, positive and neutral pictures were rated more questionnaires more interesting or easier to navi- Lifespan Psychology, MPI for Human Development, negative and for all pictures arousal ratings were gate. Can color have unintended effects on respon- Berlin, Germany von Oertzen, Timo Lifespan enhanced. Independently of pain, startle reflex dents’ answers? A recent study by Elliot, Maier, Psychology, MPI for Human Development, Berlin, Moller, Friedman, & Meinhardt (2007, Journal of Germany Kaczmirek, Lars Online Surveys, GESIS- amplitudes were reduced for positive and enhanced Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 154-168) ZUMA, Mannheim, Germany Galesic, Mirta ABC, MPI for negative pictures only when attention was suggests that even a brief exposure to the color red for Human Development, Berlin, Germany Reips, Ulf- focused on the picture. Thus, pain influences may negatively affect performance in achievement Dietrich Psychologisches Institut, Universita¨t Zu¨ rich, explicit emotion processing, but the startle reflex tasks, such as IQ tests. If this result replicates on the Zu¨ rich, Switzerland seems to be more affected by general attentional Web, it would have important implications for the Response time is a frequently used dependent allocation. design of Web-based studies. We present results of variable in psychological studies, but its measure- Web studies in which we manipulated background ment can be contaminated by errors originating Facial expressions towards food cues are color and investigated its effect on respondents’ from different technical sources. We study time moderated by food deprivation delays between the moment the response is made to answers. Deutsch, Roland Lehrstuhl fu¨ r Psychologie II, the moment it is recorded, using Web and lab Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Ho¨ fling, software applications under various load conditions Atilla Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Assessment with visual analogue scales on the of computers with varying equipment (CPU, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany internet memory, input devices). We find that client-based This study examined the impact of physiological Funke, Frederik Kassel, Germany Reips, Ulf-Dietrich applications can achieve a reasonable accuracy and need states on affective information processing. Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, precision, and that peripheral devices can be a Facial EMG of forty-six subjects who were satiated Switzerland major source of error. Our results can help or food-deprived was recorded at the zygomatic, Even though visual analogue scales are established researchers to choose the appropriate measurement corrugator and levator labii muscle while watching instruments for assessing subjective phenomena in technology for response time related research pictures of palatable vs. unpalatable foods, and self-administered questionnaires, they are rarely questions. control pictures. Compared to satiated subjects, used for surveying large samples. One reason is hungry participants exhibited stronger activity in that in a paper and pencil environment, this way of iScience.eu: A toolbox for Internet-based the zygomaticus region when watching pictures of collecting data is burdensome as values have to be research palatable foods, and weaker activity in the levator read out manually. The burden is reduced in Reips, Ulf-Dietrich Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t labii region when watching pictures of unpalatable computer-based administration of VAS on the Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland foods. These results prompt to an adaptive Internet. We conducted two Web experiments to A free resource for conducting research on the revaluation mechanism whereby even disgust reac- Internet is presented along with usage data, the examine data quality of VAS in Internet-based tions might be attenuated to facilitate ingestion iScience Server at http://www.iscience.eu/. The surveys. Findings: There is strong evidence that when being deprived of food. data collected with VAS are equidistant and on the iScience Server is a portal that links to a number level of an interval scale, while categorical scales of tools that fulfill the following functions. 1. create produce ordinal data only. Internet-based studies (WEXTOR, iDex), 2. create Do anger stimuli elicit approach or avoidance visual analogue scales for Web questionnaires behavior? (VASgenerator.net), 3. recruitment of participants Krieglmeyer, Regina Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Spotlight: Validation of an online eye tracking (web experiment list, web survey list, Web Experi- Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Deutsch, Roland replacement mental Psychology Lab), 4. analysis of log files Institut fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael DICE Lab Faculty of (Scientific LogAnalyzer), 5. inclusion of an Inter- Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Strack, Fritz Institut fu¨r Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway net-based Big Five personality test with other Psychologie, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Murphy, Ryan O. Center for the Decision Scienc, studies, 6. Automatic interviewing in instant Germany Columbia University, New York, USA Hutzler, Florian messaging (DIP) 7. teaching of Internet-based Emotions and behaviors are regulated by an Department of Psychology, Univeristy of Salzburg, research, 8. research in teams and groups (VTT). approach and an avoidance system. However, it is Salzburg, Austria unclear how frustration (obstacles blocking goal In this talk we give an overview of different tools S-121: Emotion and behavior pursuit) and anger relate to these systems. Some for collecting process data via the Internet. Getting suggest that these stimuli elicit an approach a better insight into the actual actions a participant Fritz Strack, Paul Pauli (chair) motivation by arguing that typical behaviors performs during an experiment gives an additional In different areas of psychology, explanations of (aggression) imply approaching the target. Others layer of information that helps building better behavior focus on different mechanisms. While focus on the negativity of the situation and propose models of (online-) behavior. The examined meth- social psychologists have long been convinced that that these stimuli elicit an avoidance motivation. ods include recordings of mouse-movements, text- people’s reflections about the outcomes of their Confirming the latter position we demonstrated queries to databases or the building processes of behavior determine what they will do, biological that goal blocking in an achievement task as well as knowledge networks. Different methods to visualize and clinical psychologists have concentrated on the idiosyncratic anger stimuli facilitate avoidance gathered data will be discussed. Special focus will be more impulsive impact of emotions (e.g., in behavior. These experiments confirm a fundamen- given to Spotlight a new tool that has the potential addictions). The contributions to this symposium tal relationship between negativity and avoidance to mimic laboratory based eye-tracking online. attempt to reconcile the reflective and controlled motivation. 376 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Mediators of goal effects on facial mimicry S-122: Applications of eye tracking which to judge search results. In this study, Likowski, Katja Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t in research on learning and students’ eye movements were recorded while they Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Mu¨ hlberger, Andreas worked on two tasks, in which they had to select Institut fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, instruction one link from a Google search-page with 20 results, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Seibt, Beate Social and Organiz. that they thought contained reliable answers to the Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Halszka Jarodzka, Tamara van Gog (chair) query. It is hypothesized that students with low IPS Pauli, Paul Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Eye tracking, possibly combined with verbal skill will not consider all results, but select a top-of- Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Weyers, Peter Institut reporting, can be applied to study learners’ page result very fast. The results (currently being fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, cognitive processes evoked by different learning analyzed) can contribute to the improvement of IPS Germany materials, which leads to better understanding of training materials. Previous studies demonstrated that the extent to why materials are (in)effective. Moreover, it pro- which mimicry is shown depends on actual interac- vides input for instructional design (e.g. worked Are there strategies for visual scanning of tion goals - people with affiliation goals mimic examples) by uncovering experts’ cognitive pro- cesses when interacting with visual materials. diagrams? more, whereas people in competition situations Furthermore, eye movement data can provide Rasch, Thorsten Gen. and Educ. Psych., University of show less or even countermimicry. The following detailed insight into the attention allocation and Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany Sarti, Julia Inst. study examines the processes underlying these goal processing demands, therefore eye tracking is a Bildungspsychologie, Universita¨ t Koblenz-Landau, effects on mimicry. After manipulating participant’s valuable tool for research on learning and instruc- Landau, Germany Schnotz, Wolfgang Inst. interaction goals (cooperation, competition) they tion – although yet little used in educational Bildungspsychologie, Universita¨ t Koblenz-Landau, had to look through emotional expressions (happy, research. The studies presented here focus on Landau, Germany Horz, Holger Inst. various applications of eye tracking in instructional Bildungspsychologie, Universita¨ t Koblenz-Landau, angry, sad) while activity of facial muscles was research. Landau, Germany recorded electromyografically. Additionally, poten- Line graphs display a spatial arrangement of several tial mediators (cognitive/emotional empathy, self- symbolic and graphic elements, at least labels, Uncovering cognitive processes in learning and construal, interpersonal closeness, emotional reac- numbers, axes, and graphs. A learner is required instruction: Cued retrospective reporting based tions, strategic concerns) of the expected goal to look at these elements successively. The visual on records of eye-movements scanpath of the learner may reflect different effects on mimicry were assessed. Results are van Gog, Tamara OTEC, Open University, Heerlen, presented at the International Congress of Psychol- Netherlands Brand-Gruwel, Saskia OTEC, Open linearization strategies. We consider a mapping- ogy. University, Heerlen, Netherlands van Meeuwen, Ludo strategy (paired x/y-values) versus a tracing-strategy OTEC, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands Paas, (trends within value ranges). Scanpaths of 36 Fred OTEC, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands participants who observed time-to-distance dia- The automatic regulation of basic needs: Food The verbal reporting techniques used most in grams were analyzed. Results indicate an effect of and sexual deprivation prepare us to approach research on learning and instruction, concurrent prior knowledge on gaze durations but no consis- relevant stimuli and retrospective reporting, both have drawbacks. tent linearization strategies. Obviously an inte- Seibt, Beate Dept. of Social Psychology, University of Retrospective reporting often results in omissions/ grated mental representation of the elements Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands Ha¨ fner, Michael Dept. of fabrications, and concurrent reporting is difficult to succeeds despite of a nearly random visual input. Social Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, implement when tasks impose high cognitive load Netherlands Strack, Fritz Institut fu¨ r Psychologie, or contain auditory information. Cued retrospec- Animation is not worth ten thousand words Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Deutsch, tive reporting (CRR) based on eye-movement Roland LS Psychology II, University of Wu¨ rzburg, records might be able to overcome these drawbacks: Schneider, Emmanuel LEAD, University of Burgundy, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany while maintaining the retrospective nature, the cue Dijon, France Boucheix, Jean-Michel LEAD, University We predicted that immediate reactions towards shows both physical (mouse/keyboard) and cogni- of Burgundy, Dijon, France food and sexual stimuli are tuned to the basic needs tive (eye movements) actions, thereby presumably This study analyzed the role of a text explaining the of the organism. In Study 1, immediate motiva- leading to less omissions/fabrications. Because a mechanical system comprehension with an anima- tional reactions toward pictorial food stimuli were previous study showed promising results, the tion. The task was to understand a pulleys system with an animation and an explanative text or with assessed. As hypothesized, approach reactions were present study extends the test of CRR to qualitative data (i.e., process coverage). an animation only. Results showed that an anima- facilitated for participants tested before as com- tion and a text did not improve the comprehension pared to after lunch, even in a sample with eating performances compared to an animation only, disorders. In Studies 2 and 3, approach reactions A process-oriented approach to natural sciences despite of a more important study time. The eye towards sexual stimuli were facilitated the longer by means of eye-tracking and verbal protocols tracking data showed that the number of fixations participants had abstained from sex. This effect Jarodzka, Halszka KMRC, Tu¨ bingen, Germany in specific areas of the animation and the number of Scheiter, Katharina Cognition and Media Psychology, obtained independent of gender (although women transitions between these areas were less important University of Tuebingen, Tu¨ bingen, Germany Gerjets, when participants studied animation with text. approached sexual stimuli overall less than men). Peter Knowledge Acquisition with Hyp, KMRC, We conclude that this behavioral readiness is an When animation is alone learners used more Tu¨ bingen, Germany animation display, study time is less, and compre- adaptive reaction serving need fulfillment. In the Natural Sciences, novices have difficulties in hensions best. recognizing and capturing natural objects when observing their complex and dynamic behavioral Effects of visual stimuli related to the beginning patterns. Understanding how experts analyze dy- How does the distribution of spatial information and the end of the smoking ritual on the reward namic scenes will help to overcome these difficul- across representations affect visual attention in system ties. Hence, we investigated eye movements and multimedia learning? Stippekohl, Bastian Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t verbal protocols within different expertise levels Schu¨ ler, Anne Inst. of Psychologie, Universita¨t Gießen, Gießen, Germany Strack, Fritz Institut fu¨r during a movement classification task. Expertise Tu¨ bingen, Tu¨ bingen, Germany Schmidt-Weigand, Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Psychologie, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, had no effect on a coarse-grained analysis level, e.g., Florian Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Kassel, Germany Vaitl, Dieter Institut fu¨ r Psychologie, the number of fixations. Rather, its influence Kasssel, Germany Scheiter, Katharina Cognitive & Universita¨t Giessen, Giessen, Germany became evident when using more fine-grained Media Psycholo, University Tu¨ bingen, Tu¨ bingen, Drug associated stimuli from different temporal methods like scan path analyses, showing that Germany stages of drug intake are hypothesized to have experts are better able to identify and interpret Learning with written verbal and pictorial repre- different effects on craving in addicts. While cues meaningfully relevant patterns. These eye tracking sentations challenges students, because they have to related to the beginning are shown to be appetitive data builds the basis for modelling expert strategies. decide on how to divide their visual attention across cues related to the end seem to have a less activating these representations. In an experiment it was or even inhibitory effect on craving. By means of Effects of information problem solving skill on investigated how visual attention would be affected fMRI we investigated, whether this effect corre- judging google search results: An eye-tracking by removing the spatial information from the text. sponds to differential activation of the brains study Contrary to our expectations that the latter manipulation would induce a more intensive and reward systems. Smokers and non-smokers were van Meeuwen, Ludo Eindhoven, Netherlands Brand- thus compensatory processing of the visualization, presented visual stimuli depicting different temporal Gruwel, Saskia OTEC, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands van Gog, Tamara OTEC, Open the eye tracking revealed a balanced processing of stages of smoking. First results show that activation University, Heerlen, Netherlands both representational formats irrespective of the of the reward system and the orbitofrontal cortex Information-problem solving (IPS) research has experimental manipulation; however, students’ eye differentiate between stimuli related to the begin- shown that many students lack knowledge of how movements were affected when applying a more ning and the end of the smoking ritual. internet search engines work and of the criteria on fine-grained and qualitative level of analysis. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 377

S-123: Mechanisms of memory Associative and strategic components of episodic Do we need to revise advice/interventions changes across the lifespan memory: A lifespan dissociation pertatining to headache triggers? Shing, Yee Lee Zentrum fu¨ r Lebenserwartung, Max- Martin, Paul Psychological Medicine, Monash Planck-Institut, Berlin, Germany Werkle-Bergner, Medical Centre, Clayton, Australia Yee Lee Shing, Marcus Hasselhorn (chair) Markus Center for Lifespan Psychology, MPIB, Berlin, The traditional clinical advice to headache/migraine Memory functioning undergoes reorganization Germany Li, Shu-Chen Center for Lifespan sufferers is that the best way to prevent headaches is from childhood to old age. This symposium brings Psychology, MPIB, Berlin, Germany Lindenberger, to avoid the factors that trigger them. This advice is together developmental and aging researchers to Ulman Zentrum fu¨ r Lebenserwartung, Max-Planck- logical but criticisms can be offered, such as: the discuss the mechanisms of memory changes. The Institut, Berlin, Germany advice is offered in a theoretical vacuum; there is five papers examine (i) associations between re- We investigate strategic (i.e., elaboration of infor- limited empirical support for avoidance; and it is hearsal and recall in children; (ii) focus-switching mation) and associative components (i.e., binding processes and working memory decrements in older impractical as triggers are omnipresent. Four recent mechanisms) of episodic memory and their interac- laboratory studies will be reviewed that show adults; (iii) factors of associative deficits in older tions in a lifespan sample (9-10, 14-15, 20-23, and avoidance leads to sensitisation to triggers and adults; (iv) associative and strategic components of 70-75 years of age). By varying associative strength exposure leads to desensitisation, in a manner lifespan episodic memory changes; and (v) determi- and levels of instruction, we examine age differences nants of memory functioning (including genetic) in recognition memory for word pairs under analogous to anxiety. These findings have impor- from age 11 to 70. Systematic comparisons of instructions that emphasize item, pair, or elabora- tant theoretical implications and practical implica- different mechanisms contributing to memory tive-pair encoding. Relative to young adults, young tions, including the need to revise traditional changes provide unique opportunities for empirical children’s difficulties in episodic memory primarily clinical advice. and conceptual integration of the development and reflect lower levels of strategic functioning. In aging of memory functioning. contrast, older adults show impairments in both Finding what fits you: Tailoring psychological strategic and associative components. Results sup- treatment for headache in a 21st century health Tracking down the item’s way: Longitudinal port the hypothesis of a lifespan dissociation care environment study-recall observations in children within a between associative and strategic components. Nicholson, Robert Community and Family Medicine, free-recall task Saint Louis University, USA Lehmann, Martin DIPF, Frankfurt, Germany Isemer, Associations with lifetime cognitive ageing in the Despite being a first-line option for headache Claudia DIPF, DIPF, Frankfurt, Germany Hasselhorn, Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 prevention,,5% of headache sufferers use psycho- Marcus Bildung und Forschung, Deutsches Inst. fu¨r Deary, Ian J. Inst. fu¨ r Psychology, University of logical treatment for headache. This may be in part Internat., Frankfurt, Germany Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Gow, Alan J. due to the ‘‘one size fits all’’ nature of traditional With increasing age, children rehearse more actively Gow Inst. fu¨ r Psychology, University of Edinburgh, psychological headache interventions. This presen- in a free-recall task, that is they repeat several to-be- Edinburgh, United Kingdom Luciano, Michelle Inst. tation will discuss how treatment can be tailored to learned items together. In our longitudinal study we fu¨ r Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, individual needs. The presentation will focus on explored why and when active rehearsal is asso- United Kingdom Taylor, Michelle D. Inst. fu¨r published and ongoing research looking at how ciated with better recall. We examined children Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, biological, behavioral, cognitive, and social vari- between the ages of 10 and 12 who were mainly United Kingdom Corley, Janie Inst. fu¨ r Psychology, ables can be used to match a treatment to individual using active rehearsal. Within the children’s study- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom needs. Moreover, there will be a discussion of how recall performance we tracked each item’s manifes- Brett, Caroline Inst. fu¨ r Psychology, University of emerging technologies are being used to increase the tation from the first rehearsal during the learning Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Wilson, accessibility and usability of psychological inter- phase down to its recall or loss in the recall phase, Valerie Inst. fu¨ r Psychology, University of Edinburgh, ventions for headache. respectively. The results are discussed with regard Edinburgh, United Kingdom Campbell, Harry Inst. fu¨r to the hypothesis of a common underlying process Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, responsible for rehearsal and recall. United Kingdom Whalley, Lawrence J. Inst. fu¨r Innovation in delivering headache care Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, McGrath, Patrick IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie United Kingdom Porteous, David J. Inst. fu¨r Are age-related decrements in working memory University, Canada Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, performance caused by differences in focus- The prevalence of headache is such that most health United Kingdom Starr, John M. Inst. fu¨ r Psychology, switching processes? care management, if it is to be available to the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Titz, Cora DIPF, Frankfurt, Germany Hasselhorn, majority of headache sufferers, must be given in The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 comprises over Marcus Bildung und Forschung, Deutsches Inst. fu¨r primary care. Although, many medical treatments 1000 surviving participants of the Scottish Mental Internat., Frankfurt, Germany originate and are evaluated by specialists, these Survey of 1947. They took a valid mental ability Until now there is no consensus on why working treatments usually shift to primary care with only test at age 11. They were traced and retested at age memory performance declines in later life. We the most complex patients being seen in speciality about 70, at which time they undertook detailed examined whether age-related performance decre- clinics. Psychological interventions have had much cognitive testing (including multiple tests of mem- more difficulty in making this migration because ments in a working memory span task are caused ory), provided blood for DNA extraction and other by age differences in focus-switching processes. measures, and also provided a range of other these interventions require more than writing a Thirty younger (aged 19-32) and 30 older adults medical, physical and psycho-social data. Here, we prescription. This presentation will examine the (aged 59-70) performed a number reading task describe the association between cognition at age 11 strengths and weaknesses of strategies to enhance under both high and low focus-switching condi- and age 70, and investigate the determinants, uptake of psychological interventions and present tions. Older adults were slower and remembered including genetic influences, of individual differ- data on the Family Help approach. fewer items than younger, but no interaction ences in age-related cognitive change over that emerged for age group by switching condition. period. The results suggest that while older adults have Internet based interventions in recurrent problems in maintaining items outside the focus of headache attention, focus-switching processes remain intact. S-124: Innovative psychological Kro¨ ner-Herwig, Birgit Inst. fu¨ r Klin. Psychologie, Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 interventions for recurrent Universita¨t Go¨ ttingen, Go¨ ttingen, Germany Albeit there are effective pharmacological treat- Assessing potential factors that mediate age- headache ments psychological interventions constitute a related associative deficits in episodic memory valuable treatment option. Two meta-analyses on Naveh-Benjamin, Moshe Psychological Sciences, Paul Martin (chair) relaxation, biofeedback and multimodal trainings University of Missouri, Columbia, USA This symposium has been convened to commem- confirmed their efficacy Minimal contact interven- One notion put forth to explain age-related episodic orate the first international colloquium on head- tions showed comparable effects. This encouraged memory decline is the associative-deficit hypothesis, aches from a psychological perspective, convened in the development of self-help programs presented according to which the decline is partially due to Ulm, West Germany, 25 years ago. The speakers via internet, predominantly for adult patients. Not older adults’ inability to encode separate compo- come from four countries and include three of the nents of episodes as cohesive units. In the current participants from the Ulm colloquium. The papers considering the rather large drop-out rates, the research, we assessed the role of several factors challenge traditional methods of managing recur- improvement reached was significant. In children thought to mediate age-related changes in cognition rent headaches such as the advice to avoid trigger psychological interventions are even more success- and evaluated their function in the associative factors; and suggest innovative approaches includ- ful than in adults. Considering that only a fraction deficit. Several experiments assessed the degree to ing internet-based interventions, client-treatment of afflicted children have access to psychological which speed of processing, attentional resources, matching strategies, preventative programs, how treatment, internet based treatment was evaluated inhibitory processes, and sensory loss, may underlie to deliver psychological interventions in primary in two recent studies. Though the outcome may not older adults’ difficulty in encoding and retrieving of care, and psychological intervention for medication be as convincing as in clinic based treatment, it associative information. overuse headache. seems to be a viable option of therapy. 378 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Preventative programs in migraine and nities. Barriers to research will be discussed such as Carolina Dept. of Mental Health, Lutheran Family headaches in children: Basics, description, and ethical guidelines associated with youth who report Health Centers, Brooklyn, NY, USA effects exposure to community violence when they are Background. This study is part of CATS Con- Gerber, Wolf-Dieter Inst. fu¨ r Medizin. Psychologie, research participants as well as school concerns sortium, the largest youth trauma research related Universita¨t zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany Andrasik, Frank about a critical inquiry process that may ultimately to September 11th terrorist attacks. A 2002 study Emerging neuro(psycho)physiological data suggest reveal students are more unsafe than expected. showed that 75,000 school-age students in NYC that migraine is a brain stem in-formation proces- exhibited PTSD. Mental health symptoms tend to sing dysfunction, characterized by cortical hyper- increase unless immediate postdisaster treatment is sensitivity and re-duced habituation to stimuli. Assessing post-traumatic disorder in a Lebanese provided. Method. In our study, 131 students with From these findings we have developed a two- context PTSD, depression and anxiety were randomly process biobehavioral model of migraine aetiology: El-Jamil, Fatimah Dept. of Psychology, American assigned to individual CBT or group TEMAS (1) a genetically determined hyperactivity of the University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Narrative Therapy. They underwent 18 therapy central monoaminergic (catecholaminergic) system Despite ongoing violence, rates of PTSD in sessions. Results. Results indicated that students in which could be possibly modulated by learning Lebanon remain comparable to estimates reported both treatments showed significant reduction in processes and (2) a homeostatic (counter) regula- in Western European WMH surveys. These results PTSD. However, students in TEMAS treatment tion and mobilization of reduced (mitochondrial) may be an indication of protective factors that showed significant greater reduction in depression energy reserve. This talk describes a preventative prevent PTSD as well as an indication of the PTSD and in anxiety. Discussion. CBT and TEMAS were headache program - MIPAS Family (migraine diagnosis failing to capture the complexity and effective in reducing PTSD in Latino children. But patient seminar in families)- derived from this variability in the way the Lebanese people perceive TEMAS was more effective in reducing anxiety and model and presents a study comparing this program the impact of their traumas and the ways in which depression; thus showing the clinical utility of with a biofeedback training approach. they are affected by them. Only a narrative TEMAS as a culturally competent treatment approach can address the struggles and symptoms modality. associated with violence in Lebanon. Results will be Headaches and obesity geared towards developing a culturally relevant Nash, Justin Dept. of Psychology, Brown University, understanding of the impact of trauma in Lebanon. S-126: Prenatal sex-hormonal USA programming of behavior: Objective – To examine the role of psychological Progress of digit ratio (2D:4D) factors and behavioral treatment in medication Effects of community violence on children from overuse headache. Methods - Twenty-five indivi- diverse communities in the USA research and implications for duals with medication overuse headache were Javier, Rafael Dept. of Psychology, St. John’s psychology evaluated for headache and psychological factors University, Queens, USA and then participated in a 10-week outpatient Our study seeks to expand on previous studies on Martin Voracek (chair) behavioral treatment that was hospital-based and community violence (CV) by providing a much Currently, there is intense research interest in delivered in a group format. Results – Participants more comprehensive assessment and by assessing psychology pertaining to the 2nd-to-4th digit ratio showed significant improvement in headache fre- such an impact in the context of a culturally/ (2D:4D), a probable biomarker for the organizing quency, acute medication use, depression, and linguistically diverse population. 8-16 year old (permanent) effects of prenatal sex steroids (testos- quality of life. Conclusions – Pharmacologic treat- urban youths exposed to CV in NYC were assessed. terone and estrogen) on the human brain, body, ment alone may have limited benefit due to the Following the General Aggression Model and and behavior. 2D:4D has been shown to be a presence of psychological factors in medication Hierarchical Linear Model of analysis, our findings correlate of a multitude of sex-dependent, hormon- overuse headache. Combining behavioral treatment are discussed around three basic predictions: 1) ally influenced traits and phenotypes, reaching into to pharmacological approaches may help to yield Type/nature of CV exposure will have a direct various domains (ability and cognition, attractive- more significant improvement. impact on the youth’s cognitive/emotional adjust- ness, behavioral traits, somatic diseases and mental ments. 2) The impact of CV will be differentially disorders, personality, physique, physiology, ferti- S-125: Assessing community experienced depending on the youths’ characteris- lity and sexuality, and sporting success). Following tics. And 3) this effect will be mediated by the violence in a multicultural context an introduction to 2D:4D research, contributors youth’s perception of CV, school experience, coping from 4 countries (A, CH, D, UK) will present their skills, IQ, acculturation, perceived social support, novel findings on 2D:4D. Rafael Javier (chair) etc. This symposium features 5 different presentations with a discussant covering issues of assessment of Psychological research on digit ratio (2D:4D): A community violence in USA and Lebanon. Scholars Effects of community violence on children from primer from these countries will present their research and diverse communities in USA Voracek, Martin Psychologische Fakulta¨ t, Universita¨t observations in this regard. Emphasis of the Mora, Louis Dept. of Psychology, St. John’s Wien, Wien, Austria discussion will focus on the specific challenges University, Queens, USA Javier, Rafael Art. Dept. of The 2nd-to-4th digit ratio (2D:4D) is sexually researchers tend to face in the assessment of Psychology, St. John’s University, Queens, USA differentiated: on average, men have lower 2D:4D violence in individuals coming from different Kupferman, Fernanda Dept. of Pediatrics, Flushing than women. This inconspicuous anatomical trait cultural and lingustic communities. Hospital Medical Ctr, Queens, USA Ford, Sue Dept. of has generated much research interest recently (200+ Pharmacy, St. John’s University, Queens, USA journal articles since 1998), in particular in psychol- Primavera, Louis Dept. of Psychology, Touro College, ogy. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that 2D:4D Violence exposure in a diverse community New York, USA is a proxy for the organizational (permanent) effects Clauss-Ehlers, Caroline Educational Psychology, Our study seeks to expand on previous studies on of exposure and sensitivity to prenatal androgens Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA community violence (CV) by providing a much on the human brain, body, and behavior. Indivi- Community violence shifts our view from an more comprehensive assessment and by assessing dual differences in 2D:4D relate to a variety of sex- individualistic notion of violence to consider how such an impact in the context of a culturally/ dependent, hormonally influenced traits/pheno- violence is experienced on a larger, contextual level linguistically diverse population. 8-16 year old types. Preluding 5 specific presentations, this talk Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 where the community, not the individual, is urban youths exposed to CV in NYC were assessed. presents a general introduction to 2D:4D research targeted. Community violence occurs in public Following the General Aggression Model and a and its recent progress for psychologists. areas where people live. It does not refer to violence Hierarchical Linear Model of analysis, our findings that occurs in someone’s home or in a school. While will be discussed around three basic predictions: 1) children across diverse racial/ethnic and socio- Type/nature of CV exposure will have a direct In retrospect: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and manual economic backgrounds are exposed to community impact on that youth’s cognitive and emotional work violence, research shows that African American and adjustments. 2) The impact of CV will be differen- Ro¨ sler, Hans-Dieter Inst. fu¨ r Medizin. Psychologie, Latino youth are at greatest risk because of the tially experienced depending on the youths’ char- Universita¨ t Rostock, Rostock, Germany stressors faced by those who live in inner cities. This acteristics. And 3) that this effect will be mediated The aim of this historical study (1957), which symposium presentation will further explore the by the youth’s perception of CV, school experience, evaluated hand outline drawings of 3,237 men and impact of community violence exposure on diverse coping skills, etc. women, aged 14-70 years, was to investigate communities such as the development of post- possible associations between 2D:4D and use of traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), externalizing hands. 2D,4D more frequently occurs in people behavior problems, and school issues. A review of Evidenced-based treatments for post disaster performing heavy physical jobs than in office the limited research that does exist will also focus symptoms in Latino children workers. This difference seems to develop early in on prevention and intervention strategies. The Costantino, Giuseppe Dept. of Mental Health, the job. Employees in fine handicraft jobs more author will then present a mediational model that Lutheran Family Health Centers, Flushing, USA often exhibit 2D>4D than do academics. This addresses community violence experienced by mid- Primavera, Louis Graduate School of Psychology, difference is already evident at the beginning of dle school children from diverse Latino commu- Touro College, New York, New York, USA Meucci, the job training. Such associations between 2D:4D Wednesday 23rd July 2008 379

and manual dexterity, more pronounced for wo- Digit ratio (2D:4D), facial attractiveness and facial Life, which has developed interventions based on men, point to sex-hormone effects in the develop- proportions in frontal and profile view actual youth experience in various black townships ment of both traits. Offenmu¨ ller, Denise School of Psychology, in Johannesburg. This model of intervention, and Universita¨ t Wien, Wien, Austria Oeckher, Michael its impact on engaging youth afflicted by gang CraniomaxillofacialOralSurgery, Medical University violence and other self destructive behaviour, will Digit ratio (2D:4D) and child developmental of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Stieger, Stefan Unit for be discussed against personality developmental psychopathology Medical Education, Medical University of Vienna, considerations. Wolke, Dieter Dept. of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria Hofer, Agnes School of Psychology, Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom Samara, Universita¨ t Wien, Vienna, Austria Schwedler, Andreas Supporting the inclusion of children with autism Muthanna Dept. of Psychology, University of Department of Psychology, University of Fleming, Mitchel St. Paul’s Services, Beaumont, Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom Nu¨ rnbergErlangen, Nu¨ rnberg, Germany Voracek, Dublin, Ireland Martin, Aoife St. Paul’s Services, 2D:4D may be a correlate of child behavior Martin School of Psychology, Universita¨t Wien, Beaumont, St. Paul’s Services, Beaumont, Dublin, problems (in particular, of attention-deficit hyper- Vienna, Austria Previous research suggests possible permanent Ireland activity disorder, ADHD). We studied a large Children with autism have enormous difficulties developmental effects of prenatal androgens cohort of children (N>6,000) prospectively from relating and communicating with others socially. (gauged via 2D:4D) on objective and perceptional birth (Avon Longitudinal Study for Parents and They find it difficult to form relationships and can features of the face. We examined relations of be excluded from multiple social activities. Over the Children, ALSPAC). 2D:4D, measured at age 11, 2D:4D with frontal-view and profile-view facial last decade the Irish education system has evolved was positively associated with ADHD and proso- proportions or angles (10 each) and 6 perceptional and three models of service provision have emerged cial problems, whereas negatively associated with dimensions (including attractiveness), using facial to address the educational and social needs of these conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, rela- photographs of 124 young adult men and women children. This presentation will give an overview of and 2 rater samples (n=40 each). Although various tional bullying, and family adversity. These associa- these models and will use illustrative examples to checks (measurement repeatability, rater consis- tions were, for the most part, confined to boys and demonstrate the variables which are necessary for tency, sex differences) indicated data typicality and diminished with controls for family adversity successful inclusion and highlight the challenges procedural validity, altogether there was no evi- that lie ahead. (except those with ADHD). Family adversity may dence for relations of 2D:4D with the traits under be a confounder of previously reported assocations study, which we chiefly discuss in terms of prior of 2D:4D with child behavior problems. replications failures in 2D:4D research. Benefits of the ‘best of coping’ program for students at-risk of depression Digit ratio (2D:4D) in adults with gender identity S-127: Youth at risk: International Frydenberg, Erica Faculty of Education, University of disorder interventions and research Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Eacott, Chelsea Faculty of Education, University of Melbourne, Kra¨ mer, Bernd Abt. Psychiatrie, Universita¨ tsklinik Victoria, Australia Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Noll, Thomas PPD, Stadt Pamela Maras (chair) This paper reports on the implementation of the Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Delsignore, Aba Inst. fu¨r This symposium draws together interventions and Psychiatrie, Universita¨ tsklinik Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Best of Coping (BOC) program to 114 targeted research for ‘youth at-risk’ in different countries Year 9 students in a co-educational Catholic school Switzerland Milos, Gabriella Inst. fu¨ r Psychiatrie, aiming to consider separate and overlapping issues Universita¨ tsklinik Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland in rural Victoria, Australia. At-risk students were in interventions and research. Presentations focus identified according to scores on the Kessler Schnyder, Ulrich Inst. fu¨ r Psychiatrie, on behaviour and school failure in England and Universita¨ tsklinik Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Hepp, Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Pre-program, France (e.g. Maras, Bradshaw & Croft), the at-risk students showed significantly greater use of Urs Externer Psych. Dienst, PDAG, Aarau, Switzerland involvement of young people in addressing gang To examine possible influences of prenatal testos- Non-Productive coping strategies namely self- issues in South Africa (e.g. Cooper), the inclusion of blame, not cope, tension reduction and keep to self terone on gender identity, we compared 2D:4D of young people with disabilities in Ireland (e.g. compared to non at-risk students. Positive program 39 male-to-female (MtF) and 17 female-to-male Fleming & Martin) and, in Australia, coping skills effects were reported for the at-risk group with (FtM) patients with gender identity disorder with training (e.g. Eacott & Frydenberg) and adolescents significant reductions in use of Non-Productive data from 176 male and 190 female controls. Group at-risk of substance abuse (e.g. Gordon). Identifica- coping, including self-blame and a decrease in level comparisons showed that right-hand 2D:4D of tion of common themes will enable the development of risk for depression. of interventions for young people at-risk. MtF was significantly higher (feminized) than in male controls. Also, comparisons of 2D:4D in Austalian adolescents at risk biological women revealed significantly higher Psychology and interventions for pupils at risk of Gordon, Amanda Society, Australian Psychological, (feminized) values for the right hands of right- underachievement and school exclusion: The Melbourne, VIC, Australia year 10 effect handed FtM. These findings indirectly point to a Australian Adolescents at risk A snapshot of Maras, Pamela Psychology and Counselling, weak influence of reduced prenatal testosterone as Australian young people indicates that issues University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom relating to alcohol and drugs (43.5%), bullying/ an etiological factor for the development of gender Bradshaw, Vicki Psychology & Counselling, emotional abuse (36.5 %) and coping with stress identity disorder. University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom (35.1%) were the three most common concerns. A Croft, Catherine Psychology & Counselling, recent media campaign using shock tactics to University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom Digit ratio (2D:4D) and short-term mating address the dangers of drug use and young people’s Findings are presented from a longitudinal study of orientation reactions to such attempts will be presented. The over 1,500 adolescents. Some were engaged in Schwarz, Sascha Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, Australian Psychological Society has now entered interventions aimed at reducing social disaffection. into a contract with Drug and Alcohol Services to Universita¨ t Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany Mustafic, Participants completed measures of social-identifi- Maida Psychologie: Life-Management, Universita¨t provide clinical placements for psychologists in cation, academic self-concept and motivation, and training, with the hope of being able to present Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Hassebrauck, Manfred social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. Con-

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 evidence based interventions for health promotion Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, Universita¨t Wuppertal, sistent with our previous research, developmental Wuppertal, Germany and drug education, which will be acceptable to trends in identity and self-concept were found - their target audience. Schwarz and Hassebrauck (2007) proposed a two- adolescents became more negative about some dimensional space of relationship preferences, school-based factors and more positive about suggesting that preferences for close relationships aspects of identity. Trends were less clear in the S-128: Beyond natural numbers: (long-term mating orientation) are independent 120 adolescents receiving interventions. Findings Understanding and processing from those for various sexual partners (short-term demonstrate the importance of psychology in work other categories of numbers mating orientation). For both sexes, 2D:4D might with young people. be negatively related to short-term mating orienta- Jacques Gre´ goire (chair) tion. Study 1 confirmed this negative association for Youth at risk: A model for intervention A large body of researches is devoted to the men (n=94), which was replicated in Study 2 (n=69 Cooper, Saths of South Africa, Psychological Society, development of children’s understanding of natural men), even with controls for age, relationship Houghton, South Africa numbers. On the other hand, few researches were A significant percentage of youth in South Africa conducted on the understanding of the other status, social desirability, and strength of sex drive. are out of school or out of work, reflecting categories of numbers (e.g., negative integers, However, there was no association for women historical patterns that have not been seriously rational numbers...). This symposium is devoted (n=149). This sex difference is discussed in terms of impacted by the country’s democratisation. This to the development of children’s understanding of flexible female sexual strategies (contingent on the presentation will primarily focus on the work of a these numbers. Several studies, conducted in local environment). Johannesburg youth organisation, Conquest for Belgium, Greece, Hong Kong and Taiwan, will be 380 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

presented. These studies emphasize the bias of Twenty-eight 5th graders were tested to gauge their Interference of primary intuitive concepts in natural numbers on the learning of new categories understanding of fractions. Five types of miscon- adolescents’ reasoning of number and the need to reorganize previous ceptions were found and most of which were related Babai, Reuven Dept. of Science Education, Tel Aviv knowledge to understand and process these new to their whole number learning experiences. After University, Tel Aviv, Israel Sekal, Rachel Dept. of numbers. the intervention of the benchmark strategy accom- Science Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel panied with pictorial representations, not only most Stavy, Ruth Dept. of Science Education, Tel Aviv students’ misconceptions disappeared but more University, Tel Aviv, Israel Facilitating the development of fraction concepts than half of the participants successfully solved in third-grade classrooms: Effects of partitioning Previous studies showed that young children tend the fraction comparison problem(s). Educational and measurement approach to classify objects as living or nonliving based on implications for fostering student’s fraction under- Ni, Yujing Dept. Educational Psychology, Chinese the characteristic of movement. We studied whether standing are discussed. Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, People’s this primary intuitive model of living things Republic of : Hong Kong SAR (moving is living) persists and affects high school This study examined effects of the partitioning and Natural numbers and their interference in students after formal learning of the concept of life, the measurement approach to fraction instruction students’ interpretations of literal symbols in by measuring the accuracy and reaction times of in third-grade classrooms. Two groups of students algebra students’ classifications. Results showed that stu- received the instruction using one or the other Christou, Konstantinos P. Cognitive Science dent’s classifications are interfered by this intuitive approach. Results of a posttest and a pretest Laboratory, University of Athens, Ano Ilissia, Greece model in terms of both accuracy and reaction times. showed a significant improvement in students’ Vosniadou, Stella Cognitive Science Laboratory, The longer reaction time evident for classification understanding of fraction concepts after the in- University of Athens, Ano Ilissia, Greece of the ‘‘problematic’’ objects might represent an struction using either approach. The performance The purpose of the series of studies we briefly between the groups also indicated relative benefits present here is to investigate students’ interpretation effortful process needed in order to overcome this of the approaches. The partitioning group per- of literal symbols in algebra. Based on the intuitive interference. formed better on the tasks involving part-whole conceptual change theoretical framework, which relation. The measurement group performed better admit that prior knowledge can support and also on the tasks about relationship between a given unit Proportional reasoning as a heuristic-based inhibit the acquisition of a new concept, we process: Time pressure and dual task and ‘‘the whole’’ and the measure meaning of hypothesized that students’ intrinsic knowledge fraction numbers. considerations about natural numbers and their privileged role in Gillard, Ellen Instruct Psych. & Technology, Catholic arithmetic would affect their interpretation of literal University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium van Dooren, The idea of discreteness and beyond: Aspects of symbols in algebra. Our findings support this Wim Instruct Psych. & Technolo, Catholic University students’ reasoning about the dense structure of hypothesis and suggest that students tend to of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Schaeken, Walter Lab of the rational numbers set interpret literal symbols to stand only for natural Experimental Psychology, Catholic University of Vamvakoussi, Xenia Cognitive Science Laboratory, numbers and this affects their performance in Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Verschaffel, Lieven Instruct University of Athens, Athens, Greece Vosniadou, mathematical tasks such as functions and inequal- Psych. & Technolo, Catholic University of Leuven, Stella Cognitive Science Laboratory, University of ities. Leuven, Belgium Athens, Athens, Greece This study aimed at validating the heuristic-based We conducted a series of studies investigating Transcoding of decimal numbers character of proportional reasoning by focusing on secondary school students’ understanding of the Desmet, Laetitia Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ two processing claims of dual-process theories: density of rational numbers. We assumed that there Cathol. de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium analytic processes are time-consuming and effortful, would be two constraints a) transfer of natural Gre´ goire, Jacques Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ number knowledge, and in particular of the idea of whereas heuristic processes are fast and effortless. Cathol. de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium discreteness, b) students’ tendency to treat integers, Participants solved two types of problems: Propor- Our first goal was to study the development of decimals and fractions as if they were unrelated sets tional problems (where proportional strategies are transcoding between the Arabic numerical repre- of numbers. According to our results, the idea of correct) and non-proportional problems (where sentation (decimals and fractions), the verbal discreteness is strong and is not lifted overnight: proportional strategies are incorrect). In experiment numerical representation, and the analogical repre- Students refer to the infinity of numbers in an 1 we manipulated available solution time. In interval first for integers; they are also reluctant to sentation of rational numbers. Another goal was to enlighten the relationships between transcoding, on experiment 2 executive resources were burdened. accept that there can be decimals between fractions As expected, for non-proportional problems both and vice versa. one hand, and comparison and addition of decimal numbers, on the other hand. We postulated that manipulations increased proportional and de- transcoding requires more conceptual knowledge creased correct answers, whereas for proportional Processing the magnitude of fractions than comparisons or additions, both requiring only problems no significant effects were observed. This Meert, Gae¨ lle Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ Cathol. procedural knowledge (algorithms). Therefore, chil- indicates that proportional reasoning relies on de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Gre´ goire, dren should succeed in transcoding tasks later than heuristic processing. Jacques Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ Cathol. de in comparison or addition tasks. To test this Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Noe¨ l, Marie- hypothesis, a longitudinal study was conducted Pascale Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ Cathol. de from grade 3 to grade 6. Characterising intuitive and analytic Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium mathematical reasoning: Intuitive rules and over- This study explored the cognitive processes and use of proportionality representations involved in the numerical compar- S-129: Unraveling intuitive van Dooren, Wim Instruct Psych. & Technology, ison of fractions. The fractions magnitude could be interference in reasoning: How Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium processed in an analytic way (based on the Gillard, Ellen Instruct Psych. & Technolo, Catholic magnitude of their components) or in a holistic cognitive-psychological methods University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium de Bock, Dirk way. In this study, fractions had either a common can advance science and Instruct Psych. & Technolo, Catholic University of denominator or a common numerator. To identify Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Verschaffel, Lieven Instruct

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 mathematics education the representations involved in the comparison of Psych. & Technolo, Catholic University of Leuven, each category of fractions, we analyzed: (1) the Wim van Dooren, Reuven Babai (chair) Leuven, Belgium effect of the numerical distance between fractions Human (analytic) reasoning is frequently affected This study aimed at validating whether students and between their components and (2) the effect of by intuitive/heuristic processes, often accounted for applying the ‘more A-more B’ and ‘same A-same B’ comparing fractions on subsequent comparison of in psychological research by dual process theories. intuitive rules, and over-using proportionality in natural numbers. Educational research has shown that intuitive mathematical reasoning share the same character- processes are also crucial in reasoning in mathe- istics: immediacy (intuitive reasoning occurs faster The application of the benchmark strategy when matics and science. The current symposium aims to than analytic reasoning) and saliency (salient comparing fractions show that introducing cognitive-psychological problem characteristics strengthen intuitions and Lai, Meng-Lung Early Childhood Education, National methodologies (reaction time measurements, work- speed up intuitive reasoning). 129 10th and 11th Chiayi University, Minhsiung, Taiwan Yang, Der- ing memory load manipulations, and fMRI data) to solved 15 mathematical problems on a computer. Ching Inst. of Mathematics Education, National Chiayi the field of education enhance our understanding of Some triggered intuitive rule use, some the over-use University, Chiayi, Taiwan reasoning in mathematics and science, enabling to The focus of the present research was the applica- develop and to evaluate improved instructional of proportionality. Results showed that for all tasks tion of the benchmark (i.e., transitive) strategy strategies. It will be shown and discussed how such (erroneous) intuitive answers occurred faster than when comparing fractions with different denomi- an interdisciplinary research may cross-feeds both correct answers. Saliency did not affect intuitive nators. Little is studied about elementary students’ domains, and advance the knowledge in the reasoning, nor in speeding up answers. Implications problem-solving strategies on comparing fractions. psychology domain as well. for further research are discussed. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 381

The cost of intuitive interference inhibition cognitive and non-cognitive domains (N= 2200) as Representativeness biases in judgments involve the Stavy, Ruth Dept. of Science Education, Tel Aviv well as corresponding teacher judgements (N=160) use of a social stereotype (e.g., ‘‘bloomer’’) and University, Tel Aviv, Israel Babai, Reuven Dept. of for individual students. We will analyse stability of have been documented in teachers’ assessments of Science Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel teachers’ judgement accuracy related to students’ students’ performance. However, the occurrence of Zilber, Hanna Dept. of Science Education, Tel Aviv rank order in the domains of the study. biases may depend on the assessment goal, where University, Tel Aviv, Israel Tirosh, Dina Dept. of goals which increase accountability reduce repre- Science Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel sentativeness biases. Two experiments investigate Numerous examples have shown that application of Reference-group-effects on teachers’ judgments: the effects of teachers’ assessment goals on their use the intuitive rule ‘more A-more B’ leads to incorrect A study with the simulated classroom of stereotypes in processing of students’ informa- judgments. Our previous research suggested that in Su¨ dkamp, Anna Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t zu tion. Results show that attention, memory and such cases conflict training could improve partici- Kiel, Kiel, Germany Pohlmann, Britta Inst. fu¨r assessments of teachers were either biased or pants’ performance. In the current study we Psychologie, Universita¨ t zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany relatively unaffected by stereotypes depending on measured if such training will affect the accuracy Mo¨ ller, Jens Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t zu Kiel, the assessment goal. Thus, assessment goals appear rate and reaction times of eight graders. The results Kiel, Germany as moderators in teachers’ judgments. showed that conflict training, indeed, improved the In this study with N = 42 University students, success rate. However, these correct responses were reference group effects on performance judgments S-131: Trauma and Recovery could be demonstrated, using the computer simula- obtained with longer reaction times. The reaction within global contexts times results suggest that the training activated tion of a classroom. In the Simulated Classroom, control mechanisms that are effortful and needed in the user poses questions and subsequently assesses Kate Richmond (chair) order to overcome the incorrect application of the the performance of simulated students. Multilevel Amidst global crises, PTSD has emerged as a global intuitive rule. analysis revealed a negative effect of class average achievement on grades: students were judged less problem that international psychologists are re- favorable in classes with high average achievement searching on a variety of fronts. When PTSD was Intuitive rules: The case for and against dual than in classes with low average achievement. first introduced, it was conceptualized as a response process theories Additional analyses of variance showed that this to extreme stress; however, as more reliable Osman, Magda Dept. of Psychology, University of reference group effect on teachers’ judgments is methods for detecting the disorder have emerged, Surrey, Guilford, United Kingdom stronger for low achieving than for high achieving researchers have been able to identify pre-morbid Theories of adult and developmental reasoning students. factors related to developing PTSD (Yehuda & propose that reasoning is comprised of two McFlarlane, 1995). In this symposium, we will functionally distinct systems that operate under highlight the work of several international psychol- different mechanisms. I will present developmental Assessment for learning: Using assesment ogists who are studying and responding to various studies of the formation and application of intuitive formatively in classroom instruction experiences of trauma. In particular, we will discuss rules to argue the following: 1) Although there is Pellegrino, James Learning Sciences Research, epidemiology (particularly among cross-cultural evidence that is consistent with dual process University of Illinois, Chicago, USA contexts), prevention, consequences of and re- theories, there are also limitations within this Wise instructional decision making and differen- sponses to trauma. approach 2) The evidence suggests that what is tiated instruction depend on teachers taking evi- dence of what students know and can do, crucial to understanding how children reason is the Coping with generations of wars: The case of comparing it to expected learning outcomes, and saliency of task features 3) The evidence is mental health professionals in Lebanon consistent with a single reasoning system frame- creating learning opportunities that reflect appro- Kalayjian, Anie Dept. of Psychology, Fordham work that sets out differences in performance priate ‘‘next steps’’ for individual students. Sub- University, Cliffside Park, NJ, USA stantial evidence shows that quality formative according to the saliency of task properties. The on-going military conflict in the Middle East is assessment practices enhance teaching effectiveness a well recognized world problem. The international and can produce substantial student achievement S-130: Diagnostic competencies of public’s emotional and psychological response to teachers in assessing students’ gains higher. This presentation will focus on two the war was explored. Fifty-five randomly selected critical issues related to the use of assessment for performance participants, ages 15 to 65, were interviewed. learning: (a) availability and quality of formative Almost three quarters of those interviewed said assessment materials within selected U.S. K-8 they felt hopeless or that there was little to no hope Sabine Krolak-Schwerdt (chair) mathematics curricula, and (b) evidence of teacher for the future, the majority of this group feeling Teachers’ diagnostic competencies in assessing capacity to implement such materials in their cynical, pessimistic, or disempowered. Israelis were students’ performance are a major prerequisite to instructional practice. more likely to support their state, but even this high quality teaching. Though judgment biases and group expressed on the apparent unfeasibility of the relatively low prognostic validity of diagnostic situation and the desperation of the future. judgments are well documented, little is known Anchor effects in teachers’ assessments on Recommendations will be discussed. about the causes of low judgment and assessment student performance: An experimental study competencies of teachers. The symposium focuses with novices and experts in teaching on diagnostic assessment competencies by inter- Du¨ nnebier, Katrin Inst. fu¨r Pa¨ dag. Wissenschaft, PTSD and natural disasters: A cross-cultural connecting and broadening perspectives from edu- Universita¨ t Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany No¨ lle, examination cational and social psychology. Special topics are Ines Fachbereich G, ZBL, Universita¨ t Wuppertal, Richmond, Kate Dept. of Psychology, Muhlenberg teachers’ capacities, anchoring and representative- Wuppertal, Germany Krolak-Schwerdt, Sabine College, Allentown, USA ness heuristics in using assessment information as Faculty of Humanities, Arts, University of This presentation aims to describe the psychological well as reference-group-effects in assessments and Luxembourg, Walferdange, Luxembourg effects reported by survivors of three natural judgment stability. Methodologically, contributions Research on social cognition gives evidence of disasters: Katrina (New Orleans), 2005 Tsunami cover a wide range of approaches, from experi- anchoring effects in decision making: A preceding (Sri Lanka), and 2006 Earthquake (Pakistan). mental to formative classroom assessments and judgement influences a subsequent judgement of the Cross-cultural analyses demonstrated high levels longitudinal measurements. same target or task. Anchoring effects can be found of PTSD among all participants; however PTSD Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 in different decision and judgement domains, and scores were moderated by education level. Partici- the consequences may severely affect individual pants’ explanations of the disaster varied across Stability of primary grade teachers’ diagnostic lives, e.g. medical or legal decision making. In our cultures, and this had implications for specific competences experiments we investigate whether anchor effects trauma responses. Recommendations for develop- Lorenz, Christian Inst. fu¨ r Humanwissenschaften, can be found in teachers‘ assessment of student ing culture-specific interventions will be highlighted. Universita¨ t Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany Karing, performance. Following the continuum-model of Constance Inst. fu¨ r Humanwissenschaften, Fiske and Neuberg (1990) we assume that the Universita¨ t Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany Artelt, anchoring effect can be found in novices’ (students), PTSD in victims of sex-relating trafficking Cordula Inst. fu¨ r Bildungsforschung, Universita¨t but not in experts’ judgements. Antonopoulou, Christina Dept. of Psychology, Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany University of Athens, Athens, Greece Teachers’ diagnostic competence is sometimes The purpose of this study was to examine the claimed to be a core competence for high quality The impact of assessment goals on symptoms of PTSD in female victims of trafficking teaching. Nevertheless, little is known about the representativeness biases in teachers’ and to establish how they differ than the symptoms development as well as the stability of teacher assessments of PTSD experienced by other victims of abuse and judgements related to students’ characteristics. Al- Krolak-Schwerdt, Sabine Faculty of Humanities, Arts, by females in the general population of Greece. most all studies in this field are cross-sectional. University of Luxembourg, Walferdange, Fifty two females completed the Trauma Syndrome Based on data from the longitudinal research Luxembourg Bo¨ hmer, Matthias Fachbereich Inventory (TSI) and the Brief Betrayal Trauma project BiKS, we will use two measurement points Erziehungswissen., Universita¨t Wuppertal, Survey (BBTS). The mean scores on the TSI and with individual student assessment in different Wuppertal, Germany BBTS for the abused women were significantly 382 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

higher than the TSI scores of the non-abused over, the process measures showed generally Workplace health promotion in a tax office: A women. Recommendations will be made regarding effective implementation. While this study pos- participatory approach of work design assessment and diagnosis. sessed some important methodological strengths, it Go¨ rg, Peter A&O-Psychologie, Bergische Univ. also highlights many of the challenges inherent in Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany Wieland, Rainer A&O-Psychologie, Bergische Univ. Wuppertal, Axioprepia (human dignity) and sex trafficking implementing and evaluating theoretically-driven, multi-level interventions in workplace settings. Wuppertal, Germany Pipinelli, Artemis Dept. of Psychology, Lehman Based on the results of five team-oriented work- College, New York, USA These challenges will be discussed along with issues related to translation and dissemination of worksite shops on participation and work design in a tax As the population identified as ‘‘human trafficking office the present study examines the hypothesis health promotion interventions. victims’’ continues to increase, greater attention is that reduced control due to a new type of workflow being given to ways to improve the lives of the management has a significant influence on stress survivors so they can be treated with dignity and Evaluation of the ‘‘Healthy Back’’ program in a and job satisfaction of the employees. Measures of respect. Human dignity or Axioprepia, in Greek tax administration stress, satisfaction and health are assessed from a comes from the word axios (of value or worth) and Schwennen, Christian Arbeits- und Org.-Psychologie, group of 35 participants. The intervention consists the verb prepo (means ‘‘ought to’’ signifying a of variations in control over job characteristics moral value). Human Trafficking victims need Ruhr-Universita¨ t Bochum, Bochum, Germany Zimolong, Bernhard A&O Psychologie, Ruhr- between groups. Finally empirical findings referring ‘‘Axioprepia.’’ This presentation will explore the to the intervention will be presented. necessary role of social support and empowerment Universita¨ t Bochum, Bochum, Germany within therapeutic contexts. Specific attention will A holistic occupational health management system be given to how axioprepia can effectively inform was implemented at a tax administration. It Effectiveness in occupational health and safety: A treatment. integrates a multicomponent health program that longitudinal study of 2000 industrial safety focuses on back pain prevention. The present study experts reports results from a health screening of 1043 Trimpop, Ru¨ diger A&O-Psychologie, Universita¨ t Jena, Surviving and thriving after trauma: Reclaiming employees, which measured 13 risk factors followed Jena, Germany Kalveram, Andreas A&O-Psychologie, sexual health in treatment by individually tailored interventions. Participation Universita¨ t Jena, Jena, Germany Hamacher, Werner Needle, Rachel Dept. of Psychology, Nova rates vary between 36 to 66% for the screening, and Consulting, Sytemkonzept, Ko¨ ln, Germany Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA between 7 to 59% for the interventions. One half of Winterfeld, Ulrich Psychology, BGAG, dresden, Sexual trauma can lead to sexual difficulties the participants exhibits moderate to high back pain Germany Schmauder, Martin Arbeitsingenieurwesen, (DeSilva, 2001). Sexual functioning and intimacy risk. Results of the pre-post-test evaluation of the Technische Universita¨ t Dresden, Dresden, Germany in adulthood can be significantly affected by child The 8-year interdisciplinary study maps task sexual abuse (Courtois, 1979; Finkelhor, 1990). In interventions will be discussed with regard to the effectiveness of work site health programmes. changes for safety experts and points out necessary addition, intimate partner violence (IPV) contri- training. 2000 experts are questioned online about butes to poor sexual health. Specifically, IPV has activities, effectiveness, occupational and societal been consistently associated with sexual risk taking, The influence of workplace health promotion, frame of their employing company. Individual inconsistent condom use or partner nonmonogamy, leader behavior and team climate on health, strategies, roles and effectiveness attributions are and sexual dysfunction, particularly chronic pelvic attitudes and performance at work assessed and validated by 300 respective managers, pain (Coker, 2007). Furthermore, intimacy is Schraub, Eva Maria A&O-Psychologie, Universita¨t works councils and physicans. Results indicate commonly affected by exposure to trauma. In this Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Michaelis, Bjo¨rn factors for effectiveness in different company sizes, presentation, the consequences of trauma on sexual A&O Psychologie, Universita¨ t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, and cultures. Health, personnel and psychological health will be discussed, as well as suggestions for Germany Stegmaier, Ralf A&O Psychologie, topics are least developed in skills and effectiveness. clinicians treating trauma survivors in therapy. Universita¨ t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Research implications are discussed. Sonntag, Karlheinz A&O Psychologie, Universita¨t S-132: Occupational health Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany S-133: Posttraumatic stress promotion: Interventions on The present study investigated the impact of work- disorder: Theoretical and empirical place health promotion characteristics, leader be- multiple levels havior and team climate on health, attitudes and advances performance on the individual and team level. Christian Schwennen, Bernhard Zimolong (chair) Using a multi-source approach, data from 500 blue- Andreas Maercker, Anke Ehlers (chair) Research readily acknowledges that health promo- and white-collar workers as well as objective Posttraumatic stress disorder received much atten- tion is a key feature in organizations. Recent tion recently in psychochological research as well as performance indicators of a German large-scale investigations on occupational health promotion in the public. The symposium brings together enterprise were assessed. As assumed, structural focus on different/multiple levels of intervention in contributions of psychobiology, cognitive and workplace settings. The scope of the present equation analyses revealed that employees’ health social processes in PTSD research. Ask Eklit symposium is to present on-going research and and attitudes mediate the effects of workplace discusses a new four-factor PTSD symptom model recent results with respect to different intervention health promotion characteristics, leader behavior with re-experiencing, avoidance, dysphoria, and levels. Research projects to be presented cover and team climate on performance. Implications for arousal. Tanja Michael focuses on re-experiencing individual, team, organizational, inter-organiza- the current need of organizations to establish and discusses why triggers are often unaware tpo tional and multi-level approaches. Studies report healthy working conditions besides traditional patients. Kris Kaniasty proposes that both social on workplace health promotion via work design, workplace health promotion programs are dis- causation and social selection models account for leadership behavior, occupational health manage- cussed. the causal linkages between perceptions of social ment, health programs to reduce and prevent back support and psychological distress in PTSD. Anke pain and increase physical activity as well as on up- Karl discusses the interaction between psychophy- to-date qualification needs of safety officers of Healthy leadership: The role of leaders in health siological correlates of PTSD, of its treatment and public authorities. promotion genetic polymorphisms. Symposium co-chairs Eh- Gurt, Jochen Arbeits- und Org.-Psychologie, Ruhr- lers and Maercker present new results of their Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Universita¨ t Bochum, Bochum, Germany Elke, research groups. Evaluating multi-level physical activity Gabriele Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Ruhr-Universita¨t interventions in work settings Bochum, Bochum, Germany DeJoy, David M. Dept. of Health Promotion, Several studies indicate that leadership behaviour Easy triggering of intrusions: Associative University of Georgia, Athens, USA Wilson, Mark G. has a significant impact on employees’ health. This learning without contingency awareness in PTSD Dept. of Health Promotion, University of Georgia, contribution will show the foundations of healthy Michael, Tanja Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Athens, GA, USA Vandenberg, Robert J. Dept. of leadership and explain the role of leadership with Basel, Basel, Switzerland Management, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA regard to the implementation of a health manage- We examined conditioning to trauma-related sti- Dishman, Rod K. Dept. of Exercise Science, University muli with a paradigm of no unconditioned- ment system. Regression models analyzing long- of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA conditioned stimuli contingency awareness. Under itudinal data from two successive health surveys This presentation summarizes outcome and process an attention task, PTSD patients and controls evaluation results from a randomized12-week 2005 and 2006 in a German tax administration (N= viewed a series of distracters interspersed with physical activity intervention consisting of organi- 1,357) will be presented indicating that specific pairings of CSs with trauma-related USs. Partici- zational action and personal and team goal-setting leadership behaviour indeed influences health re- pants displayed no CS-US contingency awareness, implemented in a sample of over 1400 employees at lated outcome variables. Building on these grounds but indicated feeling more anxious when subse- 16 of a large retail organization in the US. The evaluation results of individual and organisational quently viewing the trauma-related CS than when intervention was effective in increasing moderate interventions to promote healthy leadership of viewing the pleasant CS. This conditioning effect and vigorous physical activity and walking among middle managers and further possibilities to stabi- was more pronounced in the PTSD group. These the intervention group (relative to controls). More- lize such behaviour will be discussed. findings may explain why reexperiencing is often Wednesday 23rd July 2008 383

triggered by stimuli associated with the trauma data very well. Correlations with criteria measures compared working memory capacity of Westerners although individuals are unaware of the triggers. showed that these factors were associated with with those of the Chinese for colors, Chinese other trauma related variables in a theoretically characters, pseudo and nonsense characters that predictable way and showed evidence of unique only looked like characters. Both groups had the Towards a new social facilitation model of predictive utility. same capacity for colors. Capacity of Westerners posttraumatic stress disorder heavily dropped with all characters. As expected, Maercker, Andreas Inst. fu¨ r Psychopathologie, Chinese capacity for characters was the same as for Universita¨t Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Nietlisbach, Mediators of sex differences in posttraumatic colors, it fall with pseudo and with nonsense Gabriela Int. fu¨ r Psychopathologie, Universita¨tZu¨ rich, stress disorder and depression after trauma: characters, but compared to Westerners an advan- Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Gaebler, Ira Inst. fu¨r Results from prospective longitudinal studies tage remained. Psychopathologie, Universita¨t Zu¨ rich, Zurich, Ehlers, Anke Inst. of Psychiatry, University of London, Switzerland London, United Kingdom Bo¨ llinghaus, Inga Inst. of Complementing to known models of risk and Psychiatry, University of London, London, United Associative memories: Boundary conditions protective factors of PTSD the processes of social Kingdom during encoding and retrieval facilitation plays a central role in development and After trauma, women have greater risk of develop- Mecklinger, Axel Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t des maintenance of the disorder and its symptoms. ing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) then men. Saarlandes, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Weng, Xuchu Relevant psychological processes are disturbed The authors conducted a large prospective long- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of empathy in survivors, perceived lack of social itudinal studies of predictors of PTSD in assault Sciences, Beijing, Germany Yang, JiongJiong acknowledgment as victim or survivor, and emer- and accident survivors. A range of psychological Department of Psychology, Beijing University, ging processes of anger, hate, and rage in trauma factors that may mediate sex differences in PTSD Beijing, Germany survivors. We present a series of studies focusing on rates such as emotional reactions during the trauma A key feature of human episodic memory is the these processes. In result, we propose a compre- and appraisals of the trauma and its aftermath were creation and retrieval of associations between items hensive model of social facilitation that not only assessed in the emergency room and at 2 or 4 weeks. and events. Recent neuropsychological studies have explains current signs and symptoms of PTSD but Psychological outcome at 6 months was assessed by suggested that associative memories differ in the also may serve as framework for (secondary or self-report and diagnostic interview. degree to which their components can be encoded tertiary) prevention and treatment. to form a holistic (unitized) representation. Asso- S-134: Environmental constraints ciative memories with unitized components can be Social causation and social selection models of on cognition retrieved without hippocampal involvement, perceived posttraumatic stress whereas the retrieval of associations between Kaniasty, Krys Dept. of Psychology, Indiana Univ. of Axel Mecklinger (chair) arbitrary components depends on the integrity of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA There is compelling evidence that environmental the hippocampus. We will present event-related Authors propose that both social causation and affordances, like cultural specific experiences in potential (ERP) and fMRI studies investigating the social selection models account for the causal object or language processing or diversities in brain systems mediating both forms of associative linkages between perceptions of social support in schooling and social practice shape cognitive memories as well as the boundary conditions for the PTSD (and depression). Specifically, it was pre- processes in important ways. While environmental formation of unitized memory representations. dicted that the importance of each mechanism influences have been found for basic perceptual and would emerge sequentially over time. Structural attentional processes, it is largely unexplored how Female’s situation awareness is better than male equation modeling indicated that social causation higher order cognitive processes are modulated by during driving: A simulated study (more support, less distress) dominated in the early environmental factors and how this modulation is Hao, Xueqin Inst. of Psychology, Chinese Academy of phase of coping with disaster, 6 to 12 months after reflected in the underlying brain mechanisms. Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Sun, the impact (Wave 1 and 2). Social selection (more Capitalizing on the diversity of environmental Xianhong Zhang, Khan distress, less support) emerged later in time after the constraints within and between Western and East- Drivers’ situation awareness (SA) and mental work event (Wave 3 and 4). Findings demonstrate that ern cultures, the contributors to this symposium load (MWL) were tested by applying an A PC- causal paths between social support and distress are explore environmentally adapted visual cognition based driving simulator. Both the physiological influenced by interpersonal and social dynamics across a variety of processing domains. measures and the subjective assessment were that are changing across time as coping with a employed to measure MWL. It was found that stressor progresses. Modulation of spatial-cognitive capacities: with the increasing of traffic, the driving perfor- Evidence from patients with brain lesions mance did not worsen, however participant’s MWL Biopsychological risk and protective factors for Kerkhoff, Georg Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t des increased. At the same time, the participant’s SA PTSD and its successful psychotherapeutic Saarlandes, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Groh-Bordin, performance deteriorated. It was also found that treatment Christian Dept. of Psychology, Universita¨t des female participants got better SA performance than Karl, Anke Dept. of Psychology, University of Saarlandes, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Shan, Chunlei male participants did. No significant effect of Southampton, Highfield, United Kingdom Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of driving experience on any dependent variable used Current models of PTSD postulate that biopsycho- Sciences, Bejing, People’s Republic of China Weng, in this study was found by the simulated driving. logical factors are involved in the aetiology and Xuchu Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of maintenance of the disorder. There is also an Sciences, Bejing, People’s Republic of China Lexical interference in logographic and Visuospatial perception is important for orientation accumulating body of research that there may also alphabetical writing systems: ERP evidence from be predisposing biopsychological factors. The aim in space and crucially linked to parietal cortex. a stroop task of this talk is to focus on the interaction with PTSD Parietal lesions cause visuospatial deficits. Here, we Wang, Kui Inst. of Psychology, Chinese Academy of severity and successful treatment. Based on pre- investigated the modulation of such visuospatial Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China vious research in treatment-seeking survivors of deficits in 10 patients with right-parietal lesions, Mecklinger, Axel Department of Psychology, Saarland motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) the interaction and 10 matched controls under 3 conditions: (1) University, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Hofmann, Juliane between psychophysiological correlates of PTSD, with a static background of small white dots, (2) Department of Psychology, Saarland University, of its CBT treatment and genetic polymorphisms with slow clockwise or (3) counterclockwise circular Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Weng, Xuchu Inst. of will be discussed. In addition, a framework for motion of these background stimuli. In conditions 1 Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, future research about the gene person environment and 3 the brain lesioned subjects showed pro- People’s Republic of China interaction will be discussed. nounced deficits. However, these were completely An important issue in psycholinguistic research is normalized in condition 2 with clockwise back- how orthographic and phonological information ground motion. Possible cognitive and neural The structure of PTSD symptoms contribute to meaning activation. Therefore, we mechanisms as well as implications for therapy Elklit, Ask Dept. of Psychology, University of Aarhus, conducted a Stroop interference experiment with are discussed. Aarhus, Denmark Sherlin, Mark Dept. of Psychology, event-related potential (ERP) measures in Chinese University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark and German readers. While the behavioral inter- Based on previous factor analytic findings and the Working memory capacity and culture-based ference effects were similar across groups, language- DSM-IV formulation, six confirmatory factor expertise specific ERP differences were obtained for color models were specified and estimated that reflected Zimmer, Hubert Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t des words and color word associates. Congruent different posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSD) Saarlandes, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Fu, Xiaolan Chinese color words elicited a positive component clusters. The analyses were based on responses Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of around 400 ms suggesting a facilitated mapping from 1116 participants who had suffered whiplash Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China from orthography to meaning in Chinese. Addi- injuries and screened for full or sub-clinical PTSD Visual-working memory capacity is a function of tionally, incongruent Chinese, but not German, using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. A the number of objects and of their complexity. We color word associates elicited a late negative correlated four-factor model with re-experiencing, show that not only stimulus characteristics but also component that may reflect additional post-lexical avoidance, dysphoria, and arousal factors fitted the the perceiver’s expertise influences the capacity. We processing demands of logographic writing systems. 384 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Familiarity effect in artificial grammars learning included into T.Rundmo’s and S.B Matthiesen’s This symposium will present diverse aspects of the Fu, Xiaolan Inst. of Psychology, Chinese Academy of symposium interrelations between workplace stress and anxiety, Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Wan, mental health and performance problems, as well as Lulu Inst. of Psychology, Chinese Academy of resulting participation disorders, especially appear- Relationships between support, commitment Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Dienes, ing as long-term sick leave. and safety behaviour in the UK offshore industry Zoltan Department of Psychology, University of Mearns, Kathryn Dept. of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom Reader, Work stress and anxiety: Epidemiologic findings Subjects trained on two artificial grammars can Thomas Psychology, University of Aberdeen, in a nationally representative sample of working control which grammar they use in classifying Aberdeen, United Kingdom population strings. According to Jacoby, familiarity can not Reporting dangers and intervening to protect others Wang, Jian-Li Dept. of Psychiatry, University Calgary, be involved in the control of which grammar to use. are behaviours that help to maintain safety in Calgary, Canada In two experiments, participants were trained on organizations but perceived organizational support This study was to estimate the 12-month prevalence two artificial grammars and then used one of the is important for these behaviours to occur. Re- of depressive, anxiety and substance use related grammars to classify new test strings. After each lationships between support from the organization, disorders in a representative sample of the Cana- classification subjects rated the familiarity of the supervisors and workmates, organizational commit- dian working population, and to investigate the strings. The results showed that when subjects said ment, organizational citizenship and reporting relationship between work stress, work/family they were using familiarity, the rated familiarity was dangers and taking action were investigated in a balance and anxiety disorders in the population. greater for test strings consistent with their chosen sample of 444 offshore workers on 18 UK The data from the Canadian Community Health grammar rather than for strings from the other installations. The results show no significant Survey – Mental Health & Well-being (CCHS-1.2) grammar. relationship between any of the support measures were used. The CCHS-1.2 was the first Canadian and reporting dangers and taking action, however national mental health survey targeting on house- S-135: Offshore and onshore organizational commitment and citizenship explain hold residents aged 15 years old and over. It was workplaces: The link between 23% of the variance in reporting dangers and 21% found that mental disorders are prevalent in the safety, wellbeing and health of the variance in taking action. working population. Job insecurity and lack of social support are major work stressors. Work/ family imbalance is a significant factor for having Torbjo¨ rn Rundmo, Stig Berge Matthiesen (chair) Demand-control, offshore safety and mental an anxiety disorder. The symposium covers the workplace safety issue, health among offshore workers and the link with wellbeing and health. The first Søiland, Vibeke Faculty of Psychology, University of presenter demonstrates the effects of working 14 Bergen, Bergen, Norway Matthiesen, Stig Berge Personal initiative at work and work-related well- successive 12-hour day shifts. The next presentation Faculty of Psychology, Univ. of Bergen, Bergen, being: Why is there no relationship? compares the health safety culture in Norwegian Norway Einarsen, Sta˚le Faculty of Psychology, Univ. Frese, Michael Inst. fu¨ r Angew. Psychologie, and UK offshore sector. The third investigates the of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Universita¨ t Gießen, Gießen, Germany link between support, commitment and behaviour. A workplace survey study was conducted in Jahoda argued that well-being should include an Paper 4 studies whether offshore safety may predict offshore oil industry, in which 1022 offshore oil active approach to things. We tested in our study mental health. The fifth investigates the associa- workers participated (response rate= 59%). The whether personal initiative was related to well- tions between participants’ experience during skill questionnaire applied covered various topics being. Personal initiative consists of a self-starting, performance, conducting a safety intervention, and amongst others risk perception of their offshore proactive (future oriented), and persistent (over- self efficacy. The sixth presentation is aimed to work environment, safety climate, demand-control coming barriers) approach to work. Facets of identify which aspects of job insecurity that have and mental health. The results showed that the health and ill-health were measured with depres- impact on turnover intentions and risk behaviour. workers’ experience of demand and control sig- sion, negative affectivity, bitterness, self-confidence, nificantly predicted mental health. Additionally, and self-efficacy. A longitudinal study on personal initiative and ill-health showed that there are Mood and performance changes during 12-hr day offshore safety, operationalised as risk perception smallish relationships between personal initiative shifts over a two-week offshore tour and safety climate, contributed significantly to the (particularly if measured with a stringent interview Parkes, Katharine Dept. Experimental Psychology, explanation of mental health variance, when con- measure) and ill-health. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom trolling for the demand and control aspect. More- The effects of working 14 successive 12-hr day shifts over, an interaction effect between safety climate on sleep, alertness, mood, perceived workload, and and risk perception were found. Workplace phobia and work-related participation reaction time (RT) were evaluated among offshore problems production operators. Three assessments (using Is job insecurity related to turnover intentions Linden, Michael Psychosom. Rehabil., Charite´ Berlin, hand-held computers) were made during each of 8 and risk behaviour? Teltow, Germany test shifts over the two-week tour. Mood and Rundmo, Torbjo¨rn of Science and Technology, Background: Workplace-related anxieties appear in performance remained relatively stable overall, but Norwegian University, Trondheim, Norway different forms. The worst case is a manifestation of alertness decreased across individual shifts. RT Emberland, Jan S. Dept. of Psychology, Norwegian a workplace phobia with panic reaction when only variability, but not mean RT, increased across shifts Univ. of Sci. &, Trondheim, Norway thinking of or coming near the workplace. There is and weeks. Few main effects indicative of cumula- This study’s aim was to identify which aspects of a strong tendency of avoidance which does often tive fatigue were observed; this result is consistent job insecurity that have impact on turnover result in long-term-sick-leave. Method: 230 psycho- with, and extends, published findings for 7 x 12-hr intentions and risk behaviour. In addition, the somatic inpatients were interviewed concerning day shifts. However, the more subtle signs of fatigue significance of attitudinal (job satisfaction) and workplace-related anxieties and resulting work- observed should not be ignored. psychological outcomes as well as demographic participation-problems. Results:. 56,8% out of 39 characteristics (gender and age) is accounted for. workplace phobic patients were on sick-leave because of the symptoms, and in other 24,3% A comparative study of HSE-culture on the The results of the study are based on a self- workplace phobia resulted in job-loss. Conclusion: Norwegian continental and UK continental completion questionnaire survey carried out among a representative sample of the Norwegian public (n Workplace phobia is the most severe form of Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 shelves workplace-related anxiety. It has to be taken Tharaldsen, Jorunn Elise Institute Stavanger, = 260). Job insecurity indirectly explained turnover earnest in primary health care. International Research, Stavanger, Norway Mearns, intentions and risk behaviour. On this basis it is Kathryn Dept. of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, being discussed whether improvements in manage- Aberdeen, United Kingdom Knudsen, Knut IRID, IRIS, ment change communication may reduce insecure Diagnostic instruments for the assessment of Stavanger, Norway employees’ risk behaviour. workplace-related anxieties The current study is a comparative analysis of HSE- Muschalla, Beate Psychosom. Rehabilitation, Charite´ culture as perceived by drilling employees on the S-136: Workplace and anxiety Berlin, Teltow, Germany Norwegian and UK Continental Shelves. A survey Background: Workplaces have anxiety-provoking has being carried out on a total of 12 platforms in Beate Muschalla, Alan M. Langlieb (chair) features: failure, mobbing, angry customers, acci- Norway and UK. Dimensions are extracted from Work is an important domain of life. Problems at dents. The quality and quantity of job-anxiety was the OSQ, the Trends in Risk level project, a the workplace and mental health therefore must investigated in patients with mental and somatic selection of GLOBE organizational culture scales, have interactions. A common final pathway of illness. Method: 90 psychosomatic and 100 ortho- safety commitment and trust scales and COPSOQ. mental disorders in general and work related paedic inpatients filled in the Job-Anxiety-Scale. The results of the questionnaire study are being anxieties in particular are workplace phobias, with Results: Psychosomatic patients showed signifi- analysed and will be taken into the company for panic when approaching or thinking of the work- cantly higher job-anxiety-scores than orthopaedic further analysis, comparing employees’ perceptions place. This is a serious complication with negative patients. Orthopaedic patients score higher in on the two shelves and defining challenging and consequences for the further course of illness. It anxiety of functional impairment, whereas psycho- risky areas that need to be improved. To be makes special therapeutic interventions necessary. somatic patients do more suffer from job-related Wednesday 23rd July 2008 385

generalised worrying, panic, fears of existence and empirical studies showing the positive effects of a Personal goals during educational transitions global job-anxiety. Job-anxiety-level was signifi- deep and well-structured FTP on present motiva- among adolescence and young adults cantly correlated with sick leave-duration. Conclu- tion and personality development in different Salmela-Aro, Katariina Dept. of Psychology, sion: There are differences in quality and quantity cultural contexts. University of Jyva¨ skyla¨ , Jyva¨ skyla¨ , Finland Riuttala, of job-anxiety in different clinical groups. This Elina Dept. of Psychology, University of Jyva¨ skyla¨, requires consequences for diagnostic and treatment. Jyva¨ skyla¨ , Finland Future time perspective, social insertion and risk The aim of the present research was to find out, tendencies among high school and post- what kinds of groups of adolescents can be formed Depression, anxiety and substance use disorders secondary students in Peru: A developmental by the content of personal goals among students at and their relation with the workplace approach academic and vocational track and how these Langlieb, Alan M. Workplace Psychiatry, John Herrera, Dora Dept. of Psychology, Pont. Universidad groups differ in goal appraisals, meaningful life Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA Catolica, San Miguel, Peru Lens, Willy Dept. of events and subjective well-being. Adolescents in With health care costs rising, many employers are Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium upper secondary education (N=1144) were grouped focusing more on the cost of illness and related During the last ten years the motivational content according to the content of their personal goals expenditures of disability and lost productive time. and the length of Future Time Perspective (FTP) using a person oriented approach. Four groups Employers of the new information/technology emerged: (1) property-, (2) occupation-, (3) relation- economy are placing a heightened focus on the have been measured among 1941 students in Peru. ships- and (4) self-focused. Those in the self-focused prevention of depression, stress and substance use The purposes of this study were (a) providing a group were exhausted and especially cynical to- disorders. With this new awareness comes impor- better understanding of the role of FTP in wards their school work and they suffered from tant questions: How many employees suffer from adolescents, (b) studying developments in the almost clinically significant depression. depression, anxiety and/or substance use disorders? motivational contents of students’ goals over the What is their impact on productivity? How can years and during a transition period in educational employers ensure that their employees are receiving institutions. Data has been collected with the Longitudinal study of constructing future on the the best treatment, and how can they be measured? Shorter Form of the Motivational Induction transition from adolescence to adulthood What is the emerging role for developing resiliency Method (MIM). Differences in degree and quality Shirai, Toshiaki Dept. of Psychology, Osaka Kyoiku training among an employed population? of Social Insertion and in Risk Tendencies were University, Kashiwara, Japan related to FTP. The results and their implications Transition from adolescence to adulthood deals with new life events such as leaving home, financial Anxiety and depression in employees returned to for upcoming social and educational interventions independence, entrance into work places. This can work after long-time sick leave to enhance a more adaptive educational and occur the change of the future prospects. One Munir, Fehmidah Dept. of Human Sciences, professional development among Peruvian adoles- hundred females were followed to answer the Loughborough University, Loughborough, United cents are discussed. questionnaire on future time perspective in three Kingdom years after graduation from university in Japan. Objectives: Compare psychosocial factors among Results showed that their future prospects played those returning to work following depression/ Four years longitudinal study on future time an important role at every wave. This may imply anxiety (n=65), with those returning following back perspective during the transition from junior high individuals are interacting actively with changing pain (n=40), cancer (n=40) or heart disease (n=30). school to high school worlds to achieve their transition to adulthood Methods: Employers, charities and support groups Tsuzuki, Manabu Dept. of Psychology, Chuo (Lerner, 2002) and to organize their future. (n= 60) distributed questionnaires to those meeting University, Hachioji, Japan participation criteria. Results: Those with depres- In Japan, compulsory education consists of six-year sion/anxiety and heart disease reported higher elementary school and three-year junior high S-138: Exploring the effects of severity of depression symptoms, but only depres- school. After graduate from junior high school, control and value appraisals on sion/anxiety group reported lower work ability (b=- students must take an entrance examination to go emotions within and outside the .22), low self-efficacy in managing ill-health at work to high school. Students have a lot of stress during achievement domain (b=-.56) and low workplace support (b=-.35). this transition. Based on the four-year longitudinal Conclusions: To enable those with depression to study, the author has been examined developmental Anne Frenzel, Thomas Go¨tz (chair) return and maintain work, healthcare professionals changes concerning future time perspective during Grounded in appraisal theoretical thinking, this and employers should help improve their well-being symposium explores the relationship between con- through workplace support and intervention. the transition from elementary school to junior high school. Analyzing the obtained data, relations trol and value appraisals and emotions. In an between adolescents’ future time perspective and introductory theoretical input, Pekrun argues these Workplace stress, anxiety and cognitive errors other factors (psychological adjustment, academic are core appraisals underlying the arousal of Harris, Lynne Dept. of Health Sciences, University of ability, and self esteem) is examined. The implica- emotions in the achievement domain. Frenzel and Lichtenfeld present evidence supporting this claim, Sydney, Sydney, Australia tions for educational support for adolescents’ Objectives: Errors in health care settings have been using data from experimental and field studies. development of future time perspective are dis- attributed to failures of cognitive function. This Goetz widens the perspective and provides evidence paper examines the relationship between the work- cussed. that these appraisal dimensions are influential also place, anxiety, self-reported cognitive errors, and in non-achievement contexts. Kaufmann reports cognitive performance. Methods: Allied health Considering the future in identity formation: The findings from experimental studies showing that professionals completed internet-based protocols. influence of perceived adult status and a search perceived control influences positive and negative Results: Heavy workloads and interpersonal diffi- for mediating variables affect. Zeidner from the Center for Interdisciplinary culties were associated with elevated anxiety. Luyckx, Koen Center for Develop. Psychology, Research on Emotions (University of Haifa) Anxiety was associated with self-reported work- Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium integrates and discusses the symposium contribu- place cognitive errors, but not with cognitive Goossens, Luc Dept. of Psychology, Catholic tions. performance. Conclusions: The findings have im- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Lens, Willy plications for the development of stress manage- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Dept. of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Assumptions of the control-value theory of ment approaches for allied health and raise Belgium Smits, Ilse Center for Develop, Psychology, achievement emotions concerns about self-report measures of cognitive Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Pekrun, Reinhard Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t errors. Self-reported cognitive errors may reflect a The present paper examined whether perceived Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany tendency to self-criticism, rather than objective adult status influences identity formation, using a The control-value theory provides an integrative difficulties with cognitive function. recent model of global future-oriented identity framework for analyzing the antecedents and effects of emotions experienced in achievement settings. It S-137: Future time perspective in formation. Results in a sample of 345 university- and non-university dwelling emerging adults (18-30 is based on the premise that appraisals of control adolescence and early adulthood years of age) demonstrated that perceived adults and value are central to the arousal of achievement scored higher on identity commitments and on emotions, including activity-related emotions such Toshiaki Shirai, Willy Lens (chair) identification with these commitments. However, as enjoyment and boredom, as well as outcome Due to their higher cognitive functioning, human emotions such as hope, pride, anxiety, or shame. they scored lower on a ruminative (rather than beings specify their needs and motives in more or Implications to be discussed pertain to the domain less specific motivational goals, plans, and projects. reflective) type of identity exploration than per- specificity of achievement emotions; their origins, These motivational goals can be analyzed for their ceived emerging adults did. Mediation analyses their effects on performance, and the reciprocal content and for their temporal localization, which is demonstrated that these mean differences could be linkages between emotions, antecedents, and ef- the issue of future time perspective (FTP). Adoles- partially accounted for by differences in global need fects; their relative universality across genders and cence and early adulthood are the critical period to satisfaction and sense of coherence between per- cultures; and their regulation, therapy, and devel- extend FTP. Each of the presentations will discuss ceived adults and perceived emerging adults. opment. 386 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Girls and mathematics: A ‘‘hopeless’’ issue? A experience, that is both positive and negative church members and non-members were identified. control-value approach to gender differences in emotional experience, varies as a function of Analyses of correlation show diversity in and emotions towards mathematics perceived control, whether control is actually between sub-samples, but also similarities across Frenzel, Anne Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t available (Experiment 1) or merely illusory (Experi- sub-samples as regards degree of meaningfulness Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany ment 2). and other variables. Based on Pekrun’s (2006) control-value theory of achievement emotions, gender differences in mathe- S-139: Current developments in Worldviews: Form and contents of atheistic, matics emotions were hypothesized due to different spiritual and religious beliefs and their relevance levels of control and value beliefs in mathematics the psychology of religion and for four types of well-being among girls vs. boys. Two age groups were spirituality Klein, Constantin Inst. fu¨ r Psycholgie, Techn. analyzed (grades 5/9, N = 2,053/2,528, 49/51 per Universita¨ t Dresden, Dresden, Germany cent girls). Across age groups, girls reported Stefan Huber (chair) The paper presents a study about the interplay significantly less enjoyment and pride than boys, In recent years religion and spirituality have between worldviews (belief systems) and well-being. but more anxiety and hopelessness. The female become topics of psychological interest again. The Several worldviews have been distinguished, ran- emotional pattern was due to girls’ low competence important role of religion for global developments ging from atheistic positions to traditional Chris- beliefs and domain value of mathematics, combined as well as for individual needs has been rediscov- tian positions as well as to alternative spiritual with high mathematics achievement value. Multi- ered, and both the beneficial and the critical aspects positions. More than 660 respondents represented ple-group comparisons confirmed that structural of religion and spirituality are now regarded as a these diverse worldviews. They completed a ques- relationships between variables were largely invar- challenging field for research. Scholars have started tionnaire operationalizing formal characteristics iant across genders and age groups. to examine the place and role of religiosity and and specific contents of the worldviews. The spirituality in personality, to develop well-elabo- designed worldview scales identified four types of rated measures for religiosity and spirituality and An experimental test of the control-value theory worldviews whose relationship to mental health was their centrality, and to analyze their impact on ways of achievement emotions compared. As main results, there are characteristic of meaning-making, coping, health, and well-being. Lichtenfeld, Stephanie Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, differences of the level of well-being. The findings The symposium gives an overview about trends and Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Maier, illustrate the relevance of belief systems for mental findings. Markus Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, health and emphasize to distinguish between world- Mu¨ nchen, Germany views. In the control-value theory, it is assumed that Core dimensions, centrality and content: A model emotional reactions are determined by a multi- for cross-cultural and interreligious research in Structure and centrality of religious-spiritual plicative combination of control and value apprai- psychology of religion well-being among psychiatric in-patients and sals. While correlational data support this Huber, Stefan KOOM, Universita¨ t Mainz, Mainz, healthy controls assumption (Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002), Germany Unterrainer, Human-Friedrich ARS Addiction experimental evidence on interactive effects of The paper discusses a model for cross-cultural and Research Society, Gesellschaft ’’Gru¨ ner Kreis’’, Graz, control and value appraisals is still lacking. In interreligious research in psychology of religion Austria three experiments, we manipulated participants’ (Huber, 2003). This model is characterized by six AbstractIs the structure and centrality of religious- perceived control and value relating to an achieve- core dimensions of religiosity (intellect, ideology, spiritual well-being associated to personality or ment test, and assessed their anxiety before the test. experience, private practice, public practice, and psychopathological symptoms?Methods Addicts Experiment 1 used a scenario approach, experiment consequences in everyday life). The measurement of (N=120), depressive patients (N=100) and healthy 2 self-reports of anxiety, and experiment 3 an these dimensions differentiates between centrality controls (N=200) were investigated using a multi- implicit measure of anxiety. As expected, there was and content of religiosity. While the concept of dimensional inventory for religious-spiritual well- a significant effect of the control x value interaction centrality is related to the general relevance of being (MI-RSB 48) in combination with the on achievement anxiety in all three studies. religion in an individual’s personality, the concept Centrality scale (C-scale)/ Structure of Religiosity of content is related to specific behavioural direc- Test (RST) and different personality/ clinical tions of religion. The discussion of the model is Emotional experiences and their control and variables.ResultsDifferences in bio-psycho-socio- empirically based on representative surveys in 21 value antecedents spiritual well-being were found between the groups. nations (N>21.000) covering 5 major religious Go¨ tz, Thomas Inst. fu¨r Pa¨ dag. Psychologie, The more central the individual religious construct groups (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Universita¨t Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Sto¨ ger, system is, the more powerful are its effects.Conclu- Judaism). Heidrun Erziehungswissenschaften, Universita¨t sionsThe association between religious-spiritual Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany well-being and psychopathological symptoms might In the present study, control and value appraisals as Religiosity and values open up new strategies in prevention and therapy of well as three positive and three negative emotions Hofmann-Towfigh, Nadi Potsdam, Germany psychiatric diseases. were assessed using the experience sampling meth- How do religiosity and values relate to each other? od. The sample consisted of 50 university freshmen Using the data of a study which explored the value Religious coping: A resource for personal (78% female). Students completed state question- priorities and religiosity of members of the Baha’i growth? naires following a signal from a Pocket PC (42 Faith in Germany (N = 475), some results will be Lehr, Dirk Inst. fu¨ r Medizin. Psychologie, Universita¨t signals, 7 days). In line with hypotheses, we found presented to demonstrate how the centrality of Marburg, Marburg, Germany clear relations between situation-specific state emo- religiosity related to values. Further, selected In the aftermath of crisis some people manage to tions, perceived control, and value appraisals. content areas of religiosity, such as fundamentalism find benefit, also referred to as personal growth. Despite the overall equivalence of construct rela- and religious reflexivity will be discussed in the These studies examined the role of religious coping tions in non-achievement vs. achievement settings, framework of the value model (Schwartz, 1992). for personal growth. Sampling included 210 parti- the correspondence between control/value and The measures used for these analyses were the 40- cipants with negative life event and 122 patients negative affect was stronger in situations involving item Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ 40; suffering from chronic conditions. Pargament‘s learning and performance. Schwartz, 2000), the ‘‘Structure-of-Religiosity-

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 religious-coping inventory (RCOPE) allowed close Test’’ (S-R-T; Huber, 2003), as well as a single- examination of functional and dysfunctional ways item religiosity measure. The causal impact of perceived control in of coping. Significant associations of moderate size emotional experiences: Evidence on asymmetries were found for all dimensions of Tedeschi‘s and on positive and negative affect Implicit religiosity: Diversity of life meanings in Calhoun‘s posttraumatic growth inventory. Results Kaufmann, Martina Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t church members and non-members suggest positive religious coping to be a resource for Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany Go¨ tz, Thomas Schnell, Tatjana Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t personal growth, while the results for negative Erziehungswissenschaften, Universita¨ t Konstanz, Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria religious coping are inconsistent and need further Konstanz, Germany In contemporary Europe, belonging to a Christian discussion. According to Pekrun’s control-value theory, emo- church cannot be equalled with an outlook on life. tional experiences in achievement contexts should Similarly, subjective religiosity is not necessarily S-140: Family process and content be triggered by appraisals of control over and value connected with an institutionalised religion. As of activities and outcomes. Empirical evidence on research on Implicit Religiosity shows, also secular model (Family PCM): A theoretical the impact of value appraisals seems clear cut. orientations can be expressed in religious ways and model for family Substantiation of the causal role of perceived fulfil the ‘religious’ function of meaning-making. control is however still scarce, and restricted to The Sources of Meaning Questionnaire (Schnell&- Siamak Samani, Bruce Ryan (chair) the aspect that a sense of uncontrollability elicits Becker, 2007) was applied to a representative Family process and content model is a contextual negative emotional experience. The present experi- German sample (N=604). With cluster analyses, and psychoeducational model. This model tries to mental study shows that indeed all emotional different types of meaning-orientations among provide a valid pattern for family diagnosis and Wednesday 23rd July 2008 387

typology for family preparing and repairing. The ecological-system model. Adapting and categoriz- Implicit learning based on instructed action aim of this symposium is to clarify the different ing the model’s components in macro, meso and codes aspects of the model. The concentration of the micro systems could be determine limits and level of Gaschler, Robert Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Humboldt- program in the symposium will be on describing the interventional programs for family problems. This Universita¨t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Wenke, Dorit main dimensions and assumptions of the model, adaptation provides additional support for applic- Dept. of Psychology, MPI, Leipzig, Germany Frensch, family definition, family social context, methods of ability of the family model in dealing with family Peter A. family assessment and family typology, experimen- system problems. We investigated how response instructions deter- tal evidences, family prescriptive methods, and mine later implicit sequence learning. We instructed family therapy. Also the strongnesses and weak- participants to either use color or location (e.g. to Child management strategies in family therapy nesses of the model will discuss at the end of respond with the green key vs. the outer left key to symposium. Crisante, Lea Sydney West Area Health Serv., Cumberland Hospital, North Rocks, NSW, Australia the diamond-shape; 4 stimuli and responses total). Family therapy has traditionally provided broad When responses were instructed in terms of color, The roles of religion in the family process and perspectives regarding the management for child participants learned the color and the location content model behavioural difficulties resulting in criticisms of a sequence, as indicated by transfer. With spatial Mazidi, Mohammad Dept. Educational Philosophy, lack of strategies for addressing such issues. This response instructions, they only learned the spatial Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran paper considers this by considering current theore- sequence. These results demonstrate the enormous Samani (2006) in his family model, has introduced tical perspectives with a view to integrating systemic three interrelated components (processes, contents flexibility of instruction based task-configuration thinking with behavioural family interventions. and social context) through which determine the processes and their consequences for automatic skill This discussion is in relation to cultural issues in quality and performance of the family. In this acquisition processes, with spatial coding as a therapy and how such issues have been addressed in article, I want to concentrate on the effects of potential default. ‘‘religion’’, as an effective factor in social context. providing services in a transcultural context in Religion is not a social institution, as Durkheim Australia. The paper will therefore connect prac- The influence of intentions on behavior and his advocates believe. Rather, it is a system of tical and theoretical concerns in family therapy Cohen, Anna-Lisa Psychology, Yeshiva University, sacred beliefs, values, ethics and transcendental provided in cases in which the child is the identified New York, USA Gollwitzer, Peter ideas which impacts all aspects of the family, as patient with multicultural service provision in Recent findings by Cohen et al. (in press) reveal Samani has mentioned. Also, a Bio-Rational- Sydney. Emotional factor will be introduced, as family that complex postponed intentions that can be triggered by two or more cues interfere with production, which is affected by family belief Family typology: Divorced family and family with ongoing task activities (defined in this study as system. an addict member lexical decision latencies). However, simpler inten- Hashemi, Ladan Arsenjan, Dept. of Psychology, tions that are triggered by only one cue show no A conceptual exploration on family conflicts Islamic Azad University of, Arsenjan, Islamic Republic based on family process and content model of Iran such costs. We demonstrate that subjects in the Ryan, Bruce Dept. of Family Relations, University of The aim of this study was to compare three kinds of latter condition spontaneously form if-then verbal Guelph, Guelph, Canada Samani, siamak Dept. of family (normal family, family with an addict plans such as those described by Gollwitzer (1999). Edu. Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic member and, divorced family) on family process Such plans clearly articulate a cue + response link Republic of Iran and family content. The sample includes 105 (i.e., If I see ‘‘X’’, then I will perform ‘‘Y’’) and A 21-item marital issues scale, previously developed females (35 females for each group). Family process thereby free up processing resources for ongoing in a pilot study involving 100 couples, was and content scales were used for data gathering. activities. completed by 600 married adults aged 15 to 54 The family process scale includes five subscales years. These data were subjected to a principal (problem solving skills, communication skills, components analysis using a varimax rotation in family cohesion, coping strategies and, religious Automatic effects of verbally instructed negated order to extract the underlying marital conflict beliefs) and the family content scale has only a relations factors. The scree plot indicated a three factor general factor. The results of this study revealed de Houwer, Jan Dept. of Psychology, Ghent solution: process conflicts (relationship issues), that there were significant differences among these University, Ghent, Belgium content conflicts (extant family conditions such as families on family process and content Participants were to select one of two colors based employment, income, health), and context conflicts on the identity of a target letter that was flanked on (issues concerning place of family in community both sides by a distractor letter. The selection rules and culture). These findings are consistent with the Developing a family needs scale stated for each letter which color NOT to select three key components of the Family Process and Nasiri, Habibolah Dept. Educational Psychology, (e.g., if target H, do not select blue). Responses Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran Contents Model. were slower when participants had to select the The aim of this study was develop and to study the color that was associated with the distractor in a psychometric properties of a scale for assessment of Validity and reliability of family process and basic needs in Iranian family. The sample includes negative manner. This suggests that, contrary to family content scales 686 men and women (267 men and 419 women). what is assumed by dual process models, negated Samani, Siamak Dept. Educational Psychology, The results of factor analysis revealed there were 5 relations recently acquired via instructions can be Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran factors. The factors named:1- Psychological/Emo- activated automatically. The aim of this research was to study the validity and reliability of family process and family content tional needs, 2-Financial/Economical needs, 3- scales. These two scales were used for family Physical Health needs, 4-Recreational needs and Dissociating the neural correlates of overcoming typology in family process and content model. 5-Educational needs. Alpha Cronbach for these interference from instructed and applied The content of these scales was retrieved from 450 factors and scale were: .92, .90, .77, .88, .75, .95 stimulus-response associations interviews with couples. The sample of this study respectively. In sum, the results showed that the Brass, Marcel Dept. of Exper. Psychology, Ghent includes 1258 married persons. Family process scale family basic needs scale were reliable and valid scale University, Ghent, Belgium Wenke, Dorit Dept. of Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 and family content scale includes 47 and 39 items for assessing family needs for Iranian families. Psychology, MPI, Leipzig, Germany Waszak, Florian respectively. Principle component factor analysis Despite the fundamental role of verbal information revealed that there are 8 factors in family process for our behavioural regulation, the functional and S-141: From instruction to action: scale and 8 factors in family content scale. Different neural mechanisms underlying the transformation technical methods were used to check the reliability Bridging the gap of verbal instructions into efficient behaviour are of these scales still poorly understood. To gain deeper insights into Dorit Wenke, Robert Gaschler (chair) this transformation, we investigated the neural An analytic point of view on different dimensions One of the outstanding abilities of humans is their circuits involved in overcoming interference from capability to use verbal instructions to guide their of the family process and content model merely instructed stimulus-response (S-R) map- behaviour. While non-human primates have to Jowkar, Bahram Dept. Educational Psychology, pings and applied S-R mappings. Here we show learn new behaviour via effortful and time con- Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran that overcoming interference from an instructed S- All family models are family intervention models. suming trial and error learning, humans can use R mapping involves the preSMA, whereas over- According to components of each model, Family verbal instructions to acquire new behavioural consultants/therapists analyzing the family system options seemingly effortlessly and very rapidly. coming interference from an applied S-R mapping and establishing repair and prepare program for This symposium brings together research from involves the ACC, over and above the pre-SMA. solving family problems. The goal of this article is cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and volition These data suggest functional differences and to analysis different component of family process research investigating how verbal instructions are similarities between instructed and applied S-R and content model based on Brofenbrenner’s used to control behaviour. associations. 388 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

How task representations guide attention Pain anticipation: A mechanism involved in affect (p,.05). Recovered BPD patients had normalized Dreisbach, Gesine Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Techn. regulation in BPD? responses. Conclusions. BPD is associated with Universita¨t Dresden, Dresden, Germany Metzker, Schmahl, Christian Klinik fu¨ r Psychosomatik, ZI fu¨r hyper-emotionality to negative stimuli; defensive Manja Haider, Hilde Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany Klossika, responses suggest high fear. Psychotherapy nor- In a series of experiments we compared the effects Iris Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Inst. of Mental malizes these responses, indicating that amygdala of stimulus-response (SR) based vs. rule based Health, Mannheim, Germany Bohus, Martin hyper-responsivity is not a simple biological cause, processing. That is, all participants act upon the Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Inst. of Mental but reflects unsafety in BPD. exact same stimulus set with the same responses but Health, Mannheim, Germany Objectives: To investigate the interaction between are instructed to either use direct SR mappings, or The impact of experiential avoidance on changes the anticipation of pain, emotional modulation, and one or two simple categorization rule(s). We have of depression and anger during treatment for pain processing in patients with BPD. Methods: borderline personality disorder been able to show that these task instructions Thermal pain thresholds as well as heat pain fMRI Berking, Matthias Dept. of Psychology, University of differentially modulate various phenomena such as were assessed. Negative and positive mood was Washington, Washington, USA Neacsiu, Andrada switch costs, feature binding, and the Simon effect. induced by IAPS pictures, anticipation of pain was Psychology, University of Washington, Washington, From this we conclude that instructions form task induced by the announcement of an intensive pain USA Comtois, Kate Psychology, University of representations which then guide attention towards stimulus. Results: All emotional pictures increased Washington, Washington, USA Linehan, Marsha pain thresholds in healthy controls and in patients. relevant stimulus features and shield against irrele- Psychology, University of Washington, Washington, Only in patients, anticipation of pain increased vant information. USA thresholds and led to amygdala deactivation. Objectives: Given that experiential avoidance is Conclusions: Pain anticipation was more pro- both a putative maintaining factor for core features Re-representating instructed tasks nounced in patients with BPD and may be of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and a Wenke, Dorit Dept. of Psychology, MPI, Leipzig, interpreted as a mechanism involved in affect potential hindrance for engaging clients into Germany Gaschler, Robert Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, regulation in BPD. Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany psychotherapeutic treatment, it was investigated Previous research showed that task instructions whether experiential avoidance has a negative impact on changes in affect-related symptoms often determine how humans represent and perform Neuronal correlates of empathy in borderline personality disorder: An fMRI study during treatment for BPD. Methods: Experiential a task. In the present experiments we explored when Preissler, Sandra Abt. Psychiatrie, Charite Berlin, avoidance, depression and anger were assessed in 81 they would re-represent a task in a way not Berlin, Germany clients at four points in time during one year of encouraged by instructions. Participants were in- Objectives: To determine emotional and cognitive therapy. Results: EA predicted subsequent changes structed to respond to the location of scatter-plots empathy in patients with Borderline Personality in depression but not in anger. Conclusion: EA in a spatially compatible manner. We were inter- Disorder (BPD) compared to healthy controls on impedes progress in at least one crucial outcome of ested in whether and when participants would use the behavioural and neuronal level. Methods: We treatment and should therefore be considered an an uninstructed stimulus dimension for responding assessed different facets of empathy in 32 female important treatment target. that was correlated with orientation. First results patients with BPD and controls on a new ecologi- suggest that subjects strongly rely on and sometimes cally valid dimensional measure of empathy, the S-143: Recent developments in ‘‘Multifaceted Empathy Test’’ (MET). Further- completely switch to a salient irrelevant stimulus selection and guidance in higher dimension when this dimension facilitates proces- more, we established neuronal correlates of em- pathy in both groups using an fMRI adaptation of education sing. the MET. Results/Conclusions: Patients with BPD showed significant impairments in cognitive and Oliver Wilhelm, Richard D. Roberts (chair) S-142: Neurophysiological aspects emotional empathy at the behavioural level. Also, The use of psychological assessment in higher compared to controls, they showed different education is gaining momentum across the globe. of emotion regulation in borderline activations in the fronto-temporal network mediat- Two primary uses of these assessments are selection personality disorder and ing empathy. and guidance. In this symposium, we present implications for treatment research related to these applications in a number of countries, using large datasets, state-of-the-art How do patients with borderline personality statistical modeling, and new technologies. With Babette Renneberg (chair) disorder regulate dissociation and affect? respect to selection, important developments in- Recent neurophysiological data support the hy- Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich W. Inst. fu¨ r Psychosomatiks, ZI clude a more global perspective of its importance in pothesis of emotion dysregulation in BPD. The fu¨ r Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany higher education and the application of advanced Affective instability and dissociative symptoms are relevance of cognitive aspects, dissociation, antici- psychometric models to ensure fairness. In the essential in borderline personality disorder (BPD). pation of pain, empathy, and experiential avoidance realm of guidance, constructs are being extended Studies investigating how BPD patients regulate for processes of emotion regulation are illustrated beyond the evaluation of interests (to domains such affect and dissociation are sparse. We assessed in the presented studies. Additionally, implications as time management and teamwork), with new emotions, dissociative symptoms and regulation of these results for psychotherapy are outlined. approaches to intervention (e.g., content validated strategies in BPD patients during everyday life feedback and action plans). using electronic diaries, as well as in the laboratory Cognitive regulation of emotions in borderline using psychophysiological and fMRI methods. personality disorder Heightened affect instability was exhibited and The assessment of time management Herpertz, Sabine Inst. fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Universita¨t dissociative symptoms were positively related to Schulze, Ralf Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Rostock, Rostock, Germany Schulze, Lars Inst. fu¨r stress in BPD. Self-injuries and skills were identified Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany Psychiatrie, Universita¨ t Rostock, Rostock, Germany as strategies to down-regulate stress and dissocia- Adequate time management (TM) is regarded as an Berger, Christoph Inst. fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Universita¨t tive symptoms. If dissociative symptoms work as important success factor in various areas of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Domes, Gregor Inst. fu¨r emotion regulation strategies, as they inhibit emo- application, including academic success. Many Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Psychiatrie, Universita¨ t Rostock, Rostock, Germany tional processing and reduce activity in the amyg- courses and online resources to guide students Objectives: Prefronto-limbic dysfunction is thought dala, remains unclear. include some kind of time management assessment to underlie emotion dysregulation in borderline and/or recommendations for better TM practices. This presentation focuses on the structure, assess- personality disorder (BPD). However, we know Hyper-emotionality in borderline personality ment and corresponding validity evidence of an rather little about prefrontal top-down processing disorder before and after psychological instrument to assess individual differences in TM. It involved in cognitive emotion regulation. Methods: treatment is concluded that a) TM can be reliably and validly fMRI data were acquired in BPD patients com- Arntz, Arnoud Dept. of Psychology, University of assessed, b) TM is a promising construct for pared to healthy controls during a reappraisal task Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands guidance purposes, and c) available TM assessment challenging effortful cognitive suppression of emo- Objectives. To test peripheral and central nervous should not be used in selection contexts due to tion. Results: Data acquired while using cognitive system emotional responses in Borderline Person- susceptibility to faking. reappraisal strategies showed a differential activa- ality Disorder (BPD), and test whether they normalize after successful psychotherapy. Methods. tion of prefrontal areas between BPD subjects and BPD, Cluster-C control patients, nonpatients, and Ready edge TM: Evidence and processes healthy controls, namely the orbitofrontal and recovered BPD patients saw emotional and neutral supporting a new educational guidance system cingulate cortex. Conclusions: Neuroimaging data slides during fMRI-scanning. Amygdala, hippo- Roberts, Richard D. Research and Development, ETS, support the theory of a dysfunctional amygdalar- campus, heart rate, and skin conductance responses Princeton, USA MacCann, Carolyn Research and prefrontal circuit in BPD which underlies emotional were assessed. Results. BPD patients showed Development, ETS, Princeton, NJ, USA Minsky, instability in BPD. increased emotional responses to negative stimuli Jennifer Research and Development, ETS, Princeton, Wednesday 23rd July 2008 389

NJ, USA Jackson, Teresa Research and Development, test in selection does not imply that selection is suicidal ideation. Findings showed that stress and ETS, Princeton, NJ, USA Schulze, Ralf Research and necessarily fair across groups. We discuss the lack of meaning in life foster suicidal ideation. Development, ETS, Princeton, NJ, USA implications. However, the major sources of differences in Ready EdgeTM is a web-based self-help tool suicidal ideation were related to religion. Never- designed to assist students plan and meet educa- S-144: Coping with adolescence: theless, the buffering role of religiosity against tional objectives. Ready EdgeTM comprises assess- Intercultural perspectives suicidal ideation was found only for Christen but ments, feedback, and action plans for several not for Muslim Arab adolescents. Implications for noncognitive constructs, providing students with Petra Buchwald, Emilia Lucio Gomez Maqueo (chair) counselling adolescents and features of future advisement that is tailored to their proficiency levels Adolescence corresponds with critical developmen- studies will be discussed. on these constructs. A first version includes tal occurrences in biological, emotional, social, and measures and feedback concerning Time Manage- cultural domains. Teenagers thus live in a context of ment, Test Anxiety, Working with Others, Test- Coping, distress, substance abuse and suicide tremendous and often difficult personal change risk in Mexican adolescents taking Strategies, and Career Planning. In this associated with many problems. Often they are Lucio Gomez Maqueo, Emilia Dept. of Psychology, paper, we discuss data from several large scale unable to cope with these changes and at high risk National University Mexico, Mexico, Mexico studies involving over 2,000 college students that for problem behaviors, e. g. substance abuse and Hernandez-Cervantes, Quetzalcoatl Dept. of provides validity evidence for the assessments. We suicide. The importance of developing coping skills Psychology, National University Mexico, Mexico, also discuss the processes and procedures used to for adolescents is often underestimated by stress Mexico derive content validated feedback and action plans. research. However, young people’s development of From within a prevention program in Mexico City coping strategies and resilience are instrumental in a stratified random sample of 1,000 preparatory helping them avoid problem behaviors. What Examining the relationships between students (ages 15-19) was screened for substance adolescents need for social and emotional growth personality, learning approaches and academic abuse and suicide risk. Substance abuse was achievement: A longitudinal study will be analysed in five different studies from different countries. measured with the Drug Abuse Screening Test for Burton, Lorelle Dept. of Psychology, Univ. of Adolescents (DAST-A), the WHO Alcohol, Smok- Southern Queensland, Australia ing and Substance Involvement Screening Test In a longitudinal research project we examined Coping with joblessness in adolescence: (ASSIST) and AUDIT. Coping was assessed relationships between personality, learning ap- Psychiatric diagnoses in a preselected sample of following a qualitative approach using Seifge- proaches, and academic achievement. Data from German unemployed adolescents and young Krenke’s coping categories. Distress and suicide 135 psychology undergraduates for a big five adults risk were assessed with the Adolescent Suicide Risk measure, an inventory for learning approaches Reissner, Volker Universita¨ t Duisburg-Essen, Inventory (Hernandez-Cervantes & Lucio, 2003). and grade point average for year 1 (GPA1) and Rheinische Kliniken Essen, Essen, Germany Rosien, year 2 (GPA2) were recorded. Intellect positively Different risk levels were considered to determine if M. Hebebrand, Johannes adolescents could participate in a school-based predicted GPA1. The surface learning approach Unemployment in adolescents is related to psycho- negatively predicted GPA1 and GPA2. Conscien- intervention strategy or be referred to other logical distress, such as increased levels of anxiety, programs. tiousness and intellect positively predicted use of the depression, reduced self-esteem and life-satisfaction deep learning approach. Intellect and emotional as well as alcohol or drug abuse. The Study on stability negatively predicted use of the surface Unemployed with Psychosocial Problems Obtain- Posttraumatic growth in Romanian adolescents learning approach. Conscientiousness positively ing Reintegration Training under 25 (SUP- following flood predicted use of the Strategic learning approach. PORT25) assesses psychiatric disorders, health Kallay, Eva Dept. of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai The theoretical and practical implications of these service utilization and attitudes towards unemploy- University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania findings are discussed. ment in Germans aged 18-24. Almost all subjects Objectives Investigate posttraumatic growth and referred for counselling via the case managers of the positive emotional states in Romanian adolescent Success in college: Threats to the utility of unemployment agency met criteria for at least one flood victims. Methods Our study involved 42 admission procedures and neglected guidance psychiatric disorder according to DSM-IV. To Romanian adolescent flood victims assessed regard- and placement issues reduce psychological distress and increase chances ing: level of depression (BDI), mood states and Wilhelm, Oliver IQB, Humboldt-Universita¨t zu Berlin, of vocational rehabilitation, health behaviours of emotions (POMS), coping (B-COPE), posttrau- Berlin, Germany unemployed adolescents should be improved. Ade- matic growth (SRGS), and impact of event. Results Training success and more specifically success in quate treatment programs are urgently needed. Significant levels of growth were associated with college are substantially predicted by measures of instrumental support, emotional disclosure, accep- maximum behaviour. Although the magnitude of Teenagers coping with sexual abuse tance, humor, and positive emotional states. Never- the relation between admission measures and Schwarzer, Christine Education and Counselling, theless, we found no significant differences in college success is pivotal for institutional utility, Universita¨t Du¨ sseldorf, Du¨ sseldorf, Germany negative affective states. Conclusions Since 28.2% many admission procedures are more driven by Buchwald, Petra Education and Counselling, of the assessed adolescents reported significant effort-avoidance, marketing, and legislature rather Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany levels of growth, our data may represent useful than the attempt to maximize predictive validity. Ringeisen, Tobias Psychology, Univ.of Applied Sc. information for developing supportive socio-cultur- Consequently admission decisions will be poorer Mu¨ nster, Mu¨ nster, Germany al environments for recovery after disaster by then possible. We will review and reanalyze the Empirical studies concerning coping of teenagers fostering specific coping mechanisms and positive consequences of various admission procedures and are at this point still at the beginning. New research affect. present recommendations. Additionally, we suggest shows however that the choice of reported coping paying more attention to placement and guidance strategies is influenced by sexual abuse that has issues in order to maximize learning and minimize been experienced. An evaluation of teenagers (N = S-145: Quality assurance for attrition in college. 367) between the age of 13-17 showed that boys and professional assessment by means girls can be differentiated regarding their social and individual coping strategies assessed by the German of an international ISO-Norm: Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Predictive invariance, measurement invariance Strategic Approach to Coping Scale. A grouping of Developments and chances and fairness in selection data also revealed that girls that have been sexually Wicherts, Jelte Dept. of Psychology, University of abused as opposed to those that did not report such Lutz F. Hornke (chair) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Borsboom, a critical life event significantly decline their social In March 2006, the German Institute for Standar- Denny Dept. of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, coping and avoid reflection. Amsterdam, Netherlands Romeijn, Jan Willem Dept. dization (DIN) submitted a proposal to the of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, International Standardization Organization (ISO), Netherlands Religiosity and suicidal ideation among Arab to develop an ISO Standard for "Procedures and The fair use of achievement tests for selection adolescents methods to assess people in work and organiza- purposes demands that these tests are free from Israelashvili, Moshe School of Education, Tel Aviv tional settings". The goal is to establish a world- measurement bias (i.e., measurement invariant) University, Tel Aviv, Israel Kakunda-Mualem, Helen wide standard for psychological assessment based with respect to sex and ethnic groups. Measurement School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, on existing national norms like the DIN33430 and invariance is defined in terms of measurement Israel other professional standards like those published by models, but measurement bias is studied often by According to Terror Management Theory every SIOP, AERA-APA-NCME, EFPA, BPS, NIP or verifying whether a test predicts some criterion (e.g., person unavoidably faces the question of ‘‘why EAPA. This symposium discusses the needs for GPA) equivalently across groups. In this talk, we living?’’. This question is especially bothering for such a standard in regard to globally operating show that measurement invariance is not to be adolescents, who are in the age of establishing their organizations / companies as well as the develop- expected when predictive invariance holds. Next, self-identity. Israeli Arab adolescents completed ments and chances of defining and establishing an we show that the use of a measurement invariant questionnaires on stress, reasons for living, and ISO Standard. 390 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

How an ISO standard in occupational assessment S-146: Is there a best way to study Exploring acculturation conceptualizations with provision might improve quality acculturation? An examination of a sample of international students in Canada Bartram, Dave Research Dept., SHL Group Ltd., Safdar, Saba Dept. of Psychology, University of Thames Ditton, United Kingdom conceptualization and Guelph, Guelph, Canada Key to the success of the ISO standard will be its measurement of acculturation In the present study, three acculturation concep- acceptance by the relevant communities of users of tualization are examined among international occupational assessment. In this presentation some Saba Safdar (chair) students in Canada. The study has a longitudinal ways in which the new norm might provide benefits In this symposium we examine and compare design in which online questionnaires were admi- both for consumers of occupational assessment differences between various conceptualizations of nistered at three points over a two year period. services and their providers will be considered. It acculturation. Researchers utilize different accul- Adaptation of students was measured in relation to will also consider how the ISO standard might act psychological well-being, psycho-physical distress, turation conceptualization and measurement. This as a general framework for integrating a range of and socio-cultural difficulties. The results of the other more specific and more detailed mechanisms inconsistency in the literature has yielded different study indicated that the method used for measure- for improving assessment quality: such as test user distributions of participants across four accultura- ment of acculturation had a considerable effect on certification schemes and test quality review and tion strategies. In other words, different ways of patterns of results across outcomes. registration procedures. measuring acculturation produce different results and, often, there is poor inter-measure agreement Do you get what you ask for? An examination of between various conceptualizations. The presenters Towards an international ISO-norm for three operationalizations of acculturation with professional assessment: Common themes and in this symposium examine these acculturation immigrants in rural and urban Canada varieties among existing professional standards conceptualizations and their relations with mea- Lewis, Rees Psychology, University Of Guelph, Hornke, Lutz F. Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, RWTH sures of acculturation adaptation. The presenters Guelph, Canada Dupuis, Darcy Dept. of Psychology, Universita¨t Aachen, Aachen, Germany Kersting, discuss their empirical data with a particular University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Martin emphasis on the distinction between these concep- In the present study, three popular operationaliza- As a starting point for the ISO initiative, we tualizations, their relations, and the different results tions of acculturation: Berry’s (1980) framework for conducted a systematic review of existing standards that they produce. intercultural contact, Ward and Kennedy’s (1994) for professional assessment like those published by operationalization of ethnic and host culture AERA-APA-NCME, DIN, EFPA and ITC. Our adoption, and the ethnic identity operationalization review revealed, that these standards have a great Ask a different question, get a different answer (Phinney & Devich-Navarro, 1997) were examined. deal in common but also some notable differences Berry, John Dept. of Psychology, Queen’s University, Participants in the study were 212 immigrants to in both scope and wording of specific requirements. Kingston, Canada Sabatier, Colette Dept. of Canada living in rural and urban settings. Accul- Phrasing of requirements differed on two key Psychology, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, turation attitudes of the participants were measured dimensions: abstract vs. detailed and normative France using Kim’s (1984) 16-item Acculturation Attitudes vs. informative. We discuss how differences between There are two dimensions in the acculturation Scale. Additionally, three different kinds of adapta- standards are rooted in their cultural and profes- strategies framework (the degree to which accultur- tion were measured: psychological well-being, dis- sional context and how universal themes among ating individuals value their heritage culture and tress, and socio-cultural difficulties. The three standards can be integrated into an international identity; and seek relations with persons in the acculturation conceptualizations yielded different consensus for an ISO norm. larger society), allowing four acculturation strate- distributions of participants across acculturation gies: assimilation, integration, separation and mar- strategies and had different relations with the three outcome variables. Themes in developing an ISO standard for work- ginalisation. Alternative operationalisations of the related psychological assessment second dimension refer to cultural identity, and Born, Marise Inst. of Psychology, Erasmus University adoption of the larger society’s culture. We S-147: Psychology of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands compare the distributions of the four acculturation entrepreneurship - current In a globalized and digitalized world, the necessity strategies using all three operationalisations of the of developing an ISO Standard for the work-related research and trends: Personal assessment of people has become obvious. Tests second dimension. We conclude that when the resources and entrepreneurial nowadays are easily available on the internet and questions differ, the outcomes are also likely to. success (Part I) more providers of assessment services have become These differences do not undermine the validity of the original operationalisation of the framework. active. By means of a process-oriented view on Marjan Gorgievski, Ute Stephan (chair) assessment, several quality-enhancing topics are Recognition of the importance of entrepreneurship reviewed which are intended to be to the benefit Method effects in the assessment of for social and economic well-being leads to the of the different stakeholders. Among these are the acculturation orientations are real, but small questions of how we can attract more people to individuals who are assessed, the assessment van de Vijver, Fons Dept. of Psychology, Tilburg entrepreneurship and how we can develop entre- providers and the assessment users. University, Tilburg, Netherlands preneurial potential (e.g., GEM, 2006). These An overview is given of methods to assess questions traditionally fall within the field of Work Documentation of validity in professional acculturation orientations. A study is then de- and Organizational Psychology. In two symposia, assessments scribed in which three methods, based on a two- we want to present novel trends of today’s psychology of entrepreneurship research. This is Sjo¨ berg, Anders Dept. of Psychometric, Assessio dimensional acculturation, are compared in a group part one of the symposium, which will focus on International, Stockholm, Sweden of immigrants in the Netherlands. It is concluded This standard should contain recommendations for personal resources (e.g., resiliency beliefs, mood, that there is evidence for small method effects. procedures and methods used in the psychological personal health), both as predictors of entrepre- assessment of people for work-related purposes. neurial success, and as results of entrepreneurs’ job The development of an international ISO-Standard Perceptions of immigrant children on their characteristics. will increase the quality of assessments and parents’ acculturative strategies Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 encourage an evidence-based approach to assess- Kurman, Jenny Dept. of Psychology, University of Positive psychological capital and process of ment. The ISO-Standard should focus on the Haifa, Haifa, Israel Roer-Strier, Dorit Social Work, business start-up subsequent decisions that follow the assessments. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Laguna, Mariola Inst. of Psychology, Catholic The interpretation of the assessment should gain Acculturation from the child’s point of view is University Lublin, Lublin, Poland support in the documentation provided to the investigated. Immigrant children’s perceptions of The present study defines entrepreneurship as a clients. The development and purpose of this ISO- their parents’ intents to socialize them into the new goal attainment process and concentrates on the Standard will be discussed and examples of how it culture, or maintain the socialization goals of the role of positive beliefs within different stages of the can be implemented in organizations. culture of origin, as well as the extent to which process: goal commitment, entrepreneurial inten- parents see themselves as effective socializing agents tions and business start-up. More specifically, the The international ISO-norm: Chances from the in the new culture are assessed as predictors of role of self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism, and perspective of psychology-practitioners immigrant parents’ acculturative strategies. The hope was analysed. Findings from three studies Lang, Fredi Referat Fachpolitik, BDP e.V., Berlin, are compared: (1) 332 unemployed attending an Roer-Strier’s four metaphors (the Kangaroo, Cuck- Germany entrepreneurship preparation training programme, Reasons why the German professional organiza- oo bird, Chameleon and Butterfly) are studied a longitudinal study; (2) 569 randomly chosen tions is pursuing an ISO-Standard are described quantitatively. The relative frequencies of each unemployed; (3) 240 adults. Structural equation and hypotheses on how the ISO-Standard might strategy, as well as their differential relations with modeling revealed a web of relationships that foster the quality of psychological assessment in adjustment illuminate acculturation processes of impact entrepreneurial intentions and venture crea- practice are discussed. children of families who immigrated to Israel. tion. Goal commitment had a direct effect on Wednesday 23rd July 2008 391

entrepreneurial intentions, and mediated the effects Entrepreneurs’ health compared to other to prevent mobbing processes, influencing these, in of positive beliefs. occupational groups in a national representative turn, variables as the labour satisfaction or the sample absenteeism. Conclusions: The processes of mob- Roesler, Ulrike Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t bing present a series of characteristics about which Mood and decision-making: A diary study among Marburg, Marburg, Germany Stephan, Ute Arbeits-, it is difficult to generalise, which supports the starters Organis.-Psychologie, Philipps-Universita¨ t Marburg, theory that its cause cannot be found in one single Gorgievski, Marjan Industrial and Organisational, Marburg, Germany Jacobi, Frank Klinische factor, but in a multiplicity of factors which Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Psychologie, Universita¨ t Dresden, Dresden, Germany operates simultaneously. Netherlands van Delden, Martijn IO Psychology, Prior research has found entrepreneurs to have Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, active jobs. But do they benefit from the potential Victim or Gelotophobic?: How far the pathologic Netherlands positive health consequences when compared to fear of being ridiculous can make people feel The purpose of this diary study among 67 business other occupational groups? In a national represen- victimized in a workplace conflict starters was to test the influence of positive and tative sample blood pressure was measured during a Ege, Harald Mobbing e Stress, PRIMA Associazione clinical examination. Somatic and mental health negative mood on decision-making. Motivation and Italiana, Bologna, Italy was assessed with structured clinical interviews. scope of attention were included as possible Goals. According to our data (ca 4000 cases), many Whilst entrepreneurs showed more favourable mediating variables. Results of mixed linear model self-declared victims of workplace conflict are not blood pressure, lower prevalence of hypertension, really subjected to persecution, but just feel analyses showed a strong positive relationship mental morbidity, and somatoform disorders, they victimized (paranoia, manic depression, etc). We between mood and motivation. However, no were not better off concerning other somatic and assumed that some cases may not suffer from relationship between motivation and decision effec- mental disorders. Referring to the Vitamin model it psychiatric pathology, but from a specific adaptive is suggested that entrepreneurs’ jobs could lead to tiveness was found. Only negative mood, and not disorder: gelotophobia (definition by Ruch, Zurich self-exploitation, and that self-management skills positive mood, predicted entrepreneurs’ scope of University). Method. A group of 50 self declared moderate the consequences of active jobs. attention. As predicted, negative mood narrowed mobbees was tested with the "LIPT", the "Geloph the scope of attention. In turn, this negatively 46" and guided interviews. Gelotophobia diagnostic S-148: Workplace bullying: influenced decision effectiveness and goal attain- criteria and the presence of real workplace conflicts were verified. Results and discussion. Hypotheses ment. Antecedents, consequences and interventions (Part II) were confirmed. Treatment of many victims should be adapted. Fear and primary appraisal in the Herman Steensma, Stig Berge Matthiesen (chair) entrepreneurship context Aggression is one of the most troubling issues The downloading mobbing process at the Spo¨ rrle, Matthias Dept. for Psychology, Ludwig- facing workers. It can take several forms: homici- workplace Maximilians University, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Welpe, de,physical assaults, threats, harassment. A distinc- Tinaz, Pinar Labour Econ. Indust. Relations, Marmara Isabell Munich School of Management, LMU tion should be made between external aggression, University, Istanbul, Turkey Go¨ k, Sibel Labour Econ. Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Breugst, Nicola caused by organizational outsiders, and internal Indust. Relations, Marmara University, Istanbul, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, University of Duisburg- aggression, i.e. bullying/mobbing committed by Turkey Essen, Essen, Germany Scapin, Kathrin Munich colleagues, superiors, or subordinates. To develop Objectives. Goals are to determine the mobbing School of Management, LMU Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, successful anti-aggression policies, it is necessary to behaviors in downloading mobbing process in Germany gain insight into the network of causes and Turkey and to reveal the most widespread mobbing Using cognitive theories of emotion, we examine consequences of aggression in the workplace. In behaviors. Methods. A field research was done the impact of cognitive and emotional processes on the symposium special attention will be paid both to concerning behavioral signs that refer to mobbing the evaluation and exploitation of entrepreneurial the causes and consequences of workplace bullying in downloading mobbing process. Data from opportunities. We utilized a questionnaire experi- and to policies to apply the knowledge to improve employees (N =400) in the banking sector were ment with 344 respondents to analyse the impact of the quality of work and social relations. analyzed by standard methods. Results. The profit margin, personal investment, time to profit, behavioral signs according to gender, education, working period within the subsidiary, age, marital External aggression, workplace bullying, and probability of success on entrepreneurial status variables are comparatively examined. Con- frustration and the Quality of Working Life (QWL) evaluation and exploitation in a between subjects clusions. Continuous criticism of job’s outcome and Steensma, Herman Soc. and Organizat. Psychology, design. Results indicate that cognitive appraisal is a sarcastic speech as the most frequent behavioral Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands signs of downloading mobbing are determined. central determinant of entrepreneurial activity Objectives. To explain relations between external (especially with regard to exploitation) which also aggression, bullying, absenteeism, turnover, work- fully mediates the relationship between situational place characteristics and frustration. Methods. Is workplace conflict and workplace bullying the characteristics and entrepreneurial behaviour and Employees of hospitals (N = 226) filled out same? that fear moderated the relationship between questionnaires with items on leadership, job char- Matthiesen, Stig Berge Psychosocial Science, opportunity evaluation and exploitation. acteristics, conflict, and aggression between pa- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Einarsen, Sta˚le tients, employees, family members of patients. Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Results. Frustrating job characteristics predicted Norway Skogstad, Anders Faculty of Psychology, Personal, social and workplace resources of small bullying; bullying predicted absenteeism and turn- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway business owners and their relations to well-being over. Frequency of aggression toward employees by A national representative survey study of workplace Dej, Dominika Dresden, Germany Stephan, Ute patients and their family members was higher than bullying was conducted (n= 2539). Workplace Work&Organisational Psycho, Philipps-University the frequency of bullying acts among employees. bullying was mapped by a 22 items instrument Marburg, Marburg, Germany Richter, Peter Georg Bullying correlated relatively strongly with external which measure negative acts (NAQ). Interpersonal Work&Organisational Psycho, Technische Universita¨t aggression.l Conclusions. Both bullying and exter- conflicts were measured by a new 4 items instru- Dresden, Dresden, Germany nal aggression can be reduced by paying attention ment, which explores respectively interpersonal Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Research on entrepreneurs’ well-being has yielded to QWL. Bullying is an indicator of low QWL. conflicts and conflicts of interests. A significant inconsistent results. High work-load, job demands, association were found between workplace conflicts and workplace bullying. However, factor analysis and long working hours may lead to negative health Work environment characteristics, mobbing, revealed that workplace conflicts and workplace outcomes. However, entrepreneurs may also ex- satisfaction and absenteeism bullying are split into separate factors. The analysis Lopez Cabarcos, M. Angeles Adm. y Direccion de perience high job control and autonomy, which indicates that being exposed to conflicts with Empresas, Santiago de Compostela Univer., Lugo, may have a positive impact on their well-being leaders can be seen as something different from Spain Va´zquez Rodrı´guez, Paula Adm. y Direccion de (Theorell &Karasek, 1996). To gain a better being exposed to conflicts with colleagues (separate Empresas, Santiago de Compostela Univer., Lugo, factors were found). understanding of the issue, we employed Conversa- Spain Montes Pin˜ eiro, Carlos Psicologı´a, Santiago de tion of Resources Theory (Hobfoll, 1988, 2001). We Compostela Univer., Santiago de Compostela, Spain argue that entrepreneurs’ personal, social, and ABSTRACT: Objective: To characterize the mob- Long term effects of a bullying prevention workplace resources compensate potential threats bing processes in a services organization, analyzing program in hospitals to their well-being. The results of a study, including some precedent variables (organizational) and some Pries, Andrea Inst. fu¨ r Arbeitspsychologie, Universita¨t consequence variables. Subjects: 63 persons belong- Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Roscher, Susanne Inst. 120 German entrepreneurs, reveal that high self- ing to a multinational organization of the sector of fu¨ r Arbeitspsychologie, Universita¨ t Hamburg, efficacy, personal initiative, and self-management the hotel and restaurants sector. Methodology: Hamburg, Germany Ostendorf, Pamela Zeh, Annett skills are important factors in entrepreneur’s well- Study of case Results: The obtained results show The objective of this study was to evaluate the long being. the importance of the work environment (healthy), term effects of a bullying prevention program that 392 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

was conducted in three German hospitals (n = 115). Valuation of life in old and very old age: Shifting sumptions about the course and nature of human The research design included summative and importance of resources development and other influences on psychological formative evaluation. Having successfully estab- Rott, Christoph Inst. fu¨ r Gerontologie, Universita¨t change. lished work - internal conflict counselling services is Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Jopp, Daniela an achievement of the project. Further results School of Psychology, Georgia Inst. of Technology, Placing aging individuals within an aging (and showed some ambiguous effects of the intervention Atlanta, GA, Germany Oswald, Frank Inst. fu¨r dying) population: A need to connect psychology that can be accounted for by various implementa- Psychologie, Universita¨ t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, and demography tion problems. Poor dissemination of information Germany Ram, Nilam Human Dev. and Family Studies, and a lack of management support impeded the How much old and very old individuals value their Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA efficacy of the measures. Particular methodological existence has been investigated in the context of Research on aging is focused on understanding how issues concerning evaluation and issues raised by quality of life and end of life decisions. Several individuals change with age and on changes the project will be discussed. resources were found to contribute to valuation of occurring in an aging population. Despite this dual life (VOL, Lawton, 1999). The present study focus, individual-based longitudinal studies are investigated whether the importance of resources S-149: Mechanisms of adaptation: rarely coupled with population- or cohort-level for VOL varies depending on age, assuming that Determining the specific and studies, the mainstay of the demography and old and very old age are characterized by differ- sociology of aging. The purpose of this paper is to shared effects of resources, ential challenges. Findings showed that for the (1) highlight the need for integration across strategies and beliefs young-old, the role of health was especially strong, disciplines, (2) illustrate how individual-level change whereas social factors became more significant in trajectories might be placed within cohort-level Daniela Jopp (chair) the old-old group, suggesting positive adaptation to changes, and (3) encourage further innovation of Throughout the lifespan, individuals attempt to changing resources far into very old age. modeling, analysis, and data presentation strategies achieve positive outcomes such as high functioning by which we might develop a more comprehensive or quality of life. This effort is challenged when view of the nature of aging. confronted with specific difficulties or age-related Is better self-management ability associated with losses. The present symposium investigates different smaller resource deficits and with higher well- being later in life? factors which help the individual in goal pursuit and Cross-sectional age variance extraction: What’s Steverink, Nardi Dept. of Health Psychology, coping with challenges. The present symposium change got to do with University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands offers research on three groups of factors: resources Lindenberger, Ulman Zentrum fu¨ r Lebenserwartung, Self-management ability (SMA) can be conceptua- – basic individual characteristics such as health, Max-Planck-Institut, Berlin, Germany social support, or cognitive structures as self- lized as a person’s generative capacity (i.e. beha- Psychologists often use cross-sectional age variance viors and beliefs) to achieve and maintain complexity –, strategies – such as coping, life- or extraction (CAVE) to test hypotheses about the important resources (e.g., health, social relation- self-management strategies – and beliefs such as number and identity of causes driving behavioral ships). Therefore, better SMA is likely to be related perceived control. Findings demonstrate unique development, with age as the exogenous variable, to lower levels of resource deficits, and, indirectly, and interactive protective effects, suggesting further indicators of developmental mechanisms as media- investigation of concurrent effects for adaptation. to higher levels of subjective well-being. Results tors of age-related variance, and indicators of to-be- (N=439, aged 65 and older) showed that SMA was explained developmental phenomena as target indeed negatively related to resource deficits, and variables. By decomposing cross-sectional associa- Developmental trajectories for ego-development both directly and indirectly – via lower resource tions in terms of bivariate growth, we show that across the adult lifespan: Evidence from a 12-year deficits – to life satisfaction, positive affect and longitudinal change in a mediator variable sharing longitudinal study negative affect. It is concluded that better SMA large amounts of age-related variance with the Gru¨ hn, Daniel Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Genf, seems to play a role in successful aging by target variable does not have to correlate with Genf, Switzerland Diehl, Manfred Center on Aging, facilitating resource maintenance and subjective longitudinal change in the target variable. We Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA Lumley, well-being. conclude that CAVE provides invalid approxima- Mark Department of Psychology, Wayne State tions to the dimensionality and causes of behavioral University, Detroit, USA Labouvie-Vief, Gisela Adaptation in adulthood: Which role play change. Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, resources, strategies and beliefs for well-being? Genf, Switzerland Self-complexity is considered as a resource to buffer Jopp, Daniela Institute of Gerontology, Heidelberg A multilevel factor analysis perspective on stressful events. We report data about the develop- University, Heidelberg, Germany Hertzog, development Christopher School of Psychology, Georgia Inst. of mental trajectory of self-complexity in adulthood Zimprich, Daniel Inst. fu¨ r Gerontopsychologie, Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA and old age measured by Loevinger’s ego-develop- Universita¨t Zu¨ rich, Zurich, Switzerland ment. Data stem from a 12-year longitudinal study How well individuals are able to solve everyday Objective: To model and structure within-person (1992-2004) with a lifespan sample from 10 years to tasks and deal with difficulties is related to several multivariate longitudinal cognitive changes in old 87 years at T1 (M = 44.7 years, N = 400). Analyses psychological factors. The present study investi- age. Methods: Sample. 221 individuals from the (cross-sectional and longitudinal) revealed that ego- gates how personal resources, life-management Bonn Longitudinal Study on Aging followed up to development increased considerably until middle- strategies, and control beliefs relate to quality of 19 years across 7 measurement occasions. Analysis. adulthood and reached a peak in late middle- life based on a sample of 256 young, middle-aged, Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results: adulthood (40 to 60 years). In old age, ego- and older individuals. Structural equation models 1. More variance between persons than within development showed small but significant declines. showed that resources had direct effects on well- persons. 2. Stronger indicatr variable correlations We also report correlates (e.g., well-being) of being, but also indirect effects mediated by strate- between than within persons. 3. A model of three intraindividual differences and intraindividual gies and beliefs. Beliefs also moderated the relation factors (fluid and crystallized intelligence, speed). 4. change in ego-development. between resources and strategies, as well as between Equal loadings and equal factor correlations at strategies and well-being. Taking the functional both levels of analysis. Conclusions: Between- interplay between resources, strategies, and beliefs person differences and within-person cognitive Complex thinking as a resource in middle-aged into account adds to our understanding of adapta- changes exhibit the same structure. Hence, they Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 and older adults tion. form a functional unity in Cattellian sense. Leipold, Bernhard Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany S-150: Advances in statistical Traditionally, complex thinking is viewed as a Comparisons of statistical power for single- central mean of self-regulation and coping. Accord- applications for developmental indicator and multiple-indicator latent growth ing to the dual process-model of assimilation and research curve models accommodation (Brandtsta¨dter, 1998), complex von Oertzen, Timo Life-Span Developm. Psychology, thinking facilitates accommodative flexibility and Christopher Hertzog (chair) Max-Planck-Institut, Berlin, Germany enhances disengagement from blocked goals. One This symposium presents recent advances in statis- We compare the power to detect individual hundred and forty eight participants (M = 61.0 tical methods for research in life-span development, differences in change in latent models with multiple years) completed two different measures of com- including the issues of (1) measurement of change, indicators to latent models with one indicator per plexity, assimilative persistence and accommodative (2) separating intraindividual variability from long- measurement. We demonstrate the effect of latent flexibility, and depression. Analyses revealed that term intraindividual change, (3) separating devel- residual variance and measurement error to power subjects higher in complexity show a stronger opmental change from mortality and moribidity and give a necessary and complete condition for negative relationship between accommodation and processes, (4) use of multi-level models for captur- identical power for models with different numbers depression. Furthermore, complex thinking seems ing fixed and random effects of aging, and (5) of indicators and measurement error. With equally to be a buffer against depressive mood for older developmental design issues. The papers highlight reliable indicators, pooling over K indicators with a adults. Findings are discussed within the framework the compelling need for statistical applications measurement error of ?2 is equal to the power of a of the dual process model. grounded in theoretical and methodological as- single indicator with measurement error ?2/K. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 393

However, if the indicators are of different reliabil- Consumer adaptation strategies: From Austrian Theory. In an experimental study we investigated ities, pooling causes a loss of power. shilling to the euro the influence of two factors: purchase frequency Kirchler, Erich Inst. Wirtschaftspsychologie, and loss aversion. Two additional factors were Universita¨ t Wien, Wien, Austria Hofmann, Eva Inst. included. Judgments of inflation were assessed with Age differences in cognitive performance Wirtschaftspsychologie, Universita¨t Wien, Wien, three different methods. The study provides em- variability: Modeling the relation of mean and Austria Kamleitner, Bernadette School of Business/ pirical support regarding the role of the hypothe- variance Management, Queen Mary, Univ. of London, London, sised factors determining perceived inflation. Schmiedek, Florian Center for Lifespan Psychology, United Kingdom Max-Plnack-Institut, Berlin, Germany On 1st January 2002, in 12 countries of the Biased price perception after the introduction of In studies on age differences in cognitive perfor- European Union euro notes and coins replaced the euro: The teuro-illusion mance variability, strong relations of intraindivi- existing national currencies. Citizens had to learn to dual means and variances often lead researchers to handle new coins and notes, to evaluate values in Schulz-Hardt, Stephan Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Go¨ ttingen, Go¨ ttingen, Germany Traut- perform some linear adjustment of variability the new currency, and to adapt their spending Mattausch, Eva Department of Psychology, Ludwig- measures with measures of mean performance. behaviour. Data on how these tasks were per- formed by Austrians are presented. In particular, Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany The underlying assumption of a general linear Greitemeyer, Tobias Department of Psychology, relationship in this context is questioned and Austrian consumers applied four different strategies to establish price intuition for the euro: (a) Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany alternative approaches, e.g. variance heterogeneity conversion strategy, (b) intuitive strategy, (c) Frey, Dieter Department of Psychology, Ludwig- and overdispersion multilevel models, which allow anchor strategy, and (d) marker value strategy. Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany flexibly modeling variance as a (nonlinear) function Data on these strategies shows that their applica- The population in Germany as well as other of mean performance and other predictors, are tion (a) varies across socio-demographic character- European countries perceived high price increases discussed. The COGITO study, in which 100 istics, (b) differs with purchase situations, (c) relates due to the introduction of the Euro, which stood in contrast to official statistics about price develop- younger and 100 older participants practiced a to euro attitudes, and (d) changes over time. ments and inflation rates. We present evidence from battery of cognitive tasks over 100 daily sessions, is an experimental research program showing that in used to illustrate these methods. The euro illusion in consumers: Price estimation Germany and Austria the changeover from DM (or Del Missier, Fabio Dept. of Psychology, University of Schilling) to Euro led to illusionary price rises: Real Trieste, Trieste, Italy Bonini, Nicolao Dept. of price rises were overestimated, stable prices were S-151: Effects of the euro Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, perceived as having been raised, and a decrease of changeover on consumer behavior Italy Ranyard, Rob Dept. of Psychology, University of prices was misperceived as price stability. Expecta- Bolton, Bolton, United Kingdom tions of rising prices are shown to be the main cause J. Frederico Marques, Tommy Ga¨ rling (chair) The euro illusion is a transient phenomenon that of this price rise illusion. This symposium addresses a number of problems consists of currency-related asymmetries in the intuitive judgment of product prices made by consumers face in their daily economic transactions S-152: Embodiment after the euro changeover or, more broadly, when consumers. In our communication, we will initially present a review of the findings obtained in studies dealing with a foreign currency. These problems of price estimation, including the result of our own Sabine C. Koch, Simone Schu¨ tz-Bosbach (chair) include: learning the value of money in a new cross-country research involving Italy and Ireland. The traditional problem of body and mind has currency and the associated mistakes, in particular Then, we will analyze the potential explanations of experienced a revival in recent years. Contrary to the effects of the ‘‘money illusion’’; adaptation to a the euro illusion in price estimation, focusing in Cartesian dualism, recent advances in psychology new currency with special emphasis on conversion particular on the anchoring-and-adjustment ac- and neuroscience take the body to be central in the strategies and the role of the old currency; and counts. Finally, we will discuss the complex inter- understanding of higher cognitive functions (embo- understanding price changes in the new currency play between structural factors (e.g., the currency died cognition). Embodiment theories operate on with special emphasis on the role of price expecta- exchange rate) and psychological mechanisms that Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological philosophy and tions. Implications for future research and con- produce long-lasting difficulties for consumers after a model of knowledge representation that assumes a monetary changeover. a sensori-motor format of any cognitive activity sumer policy will be highlighted. (Barsalou, 1999). The symposium brings together researchers from various psychological areas with The eurochangeover and numerical intuition for The ’’Euro Illusion’’: Illusion or fact? the aim to discuss their findings on body represen- prices in the old and new currencies Gamble, Ame´ lie Dept. of Psychology, Go¨ teborg tation, mirror neurons, embodied spatial cognition, Marques, J. Frederico Centro de Invest.em Psicologia, University, Go¨ teborg, Sweden body movement, cultural embodiment, and their Fundacao Uni. de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal The euro changeover elicited several studies of implications for the body-mind problem. I examine how numerical intuition for prices in consumers’ conversion strategies, price knowledge, euros and in the Portuguese currency escudos choice, and purchases, using longitudinal surveys, developed in Portugal after the euro changeover The role of motor skills in action perception interviews, and controlled experiments. These from estimates of prices collected in the two Knoblich, Gu¨ nther Dept. of Psychology, Birmingham studies show that the nominal value of the new currencies and at four different times from Novem- University, Birmingham, United Kingdom currency influence the subjective value of money, a ber 2001 to April 2004. Results for euros show that Embodied Cognition has many facets. One im- bias termed the ‘‘euro illusion’’. Explanations draw estimates become progressively more accurate by a portant aspect is the ability to effortlessly perceive on the numerosity heuristic, the anchoring-and- process that is related to purchase frequency and others’ actions in the light of one’s own action adjustment heuristic, and biased conversion strate- suggest that the adaptation is a very slow process. repertoire. Comparing the perception of experts Results for escudos show that the former currency and non-experts in a particular motor skill is one gies. Here the argument is made that accuracy- is not simply forgotten but remains as a general important way of studying this ability. I will effort trade-offs influence the size of the euro benchmark for an extended period. provide an overview of recent behavioral and brain illusion. This has been shown in studies varying task imaging studies from different labs that have Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 importance, time constraints, familiarity and com- addressed the issue of how motor skills affect plexity of the conversion strategy, mood, and The EURO changeover and the factors perception. These studies suggest that learning a influencing perceived inflation attitude towards the country or the currency. new motor skill does not only affect the human Belting, Julia Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Techn. Universita¨t mirror system, but also basic perceptual processes Berlin, Berlin, Germany Jungermann, Helmut Institute such as visual discrimination and pitch perception. Emotional factors in currency perception of Psy. & Ergo., Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Tyszka, Tadeusz Dept. Economic Psychology, Germany Brachinger, Hans Wolfgang Department of LKAEM, Warsaw, Poland Przybyszewski, Krzysztof Quant. Economics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Embodied spatial cognition LKAEM, Warsaw, Poland Switzerland Grinberg, Katarzyna Department of Tversky, Barbara Dept. of Psychology, University of People may associate certain currencies with emo- Quant.Economics, University of Fribourg,, Fribourg, Stanford, Stanford, USA tional meanings and deeply rooted convictions. Switzerland Zacharias, Elisabeth Institute of Psy. & People have 3 primary axes, two asymmetric, one Sometimes they become attached to a currency and Ergo., Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany from head to foot and another from front to back, this attachment may influence their money behavior In Germany perceived inflation increased after the and a third more or less symmetric axis from left to euro changeover. The official measure of inflation right. They live in a world with three axes, one of and price perception. Also, such emotional attach- (HCPI) is not adequate for measuring perceived which, the up-down, is asymmetric due to gravity. ment may cause the resistance to currency changes inflation. Brachinger suggests an alternative Index These facts about their bodies and the world affect (e.g. entering euro-zone). In this paper we focus on of Perceived Inflation (IPI) to better account for people’s perception of the world and their behavior the influence of positive affect attached to a this observation. The IPI is based on several in it, and in turn, bias spatial thinking as well as currency on perception of prices in this currency theoretical assumptions derived from Prospect metaphoric spatial thinking. A range of empirical 394 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

research supporting embodied and situated spatial environment. One such habitual interaction is Teachers are facing high emotional demands in cognition will be described. writing and reading which, in our culture, evolves class. What characterises teachers who manage from left to right. We propose that, as a result, their emotions well and stay healthy compared to people develop a left-right scheme for action, such those with burnout? Which emotion regulation Dynamic movement feedback that action observed with a left-right (rather than strategies have a long-term effect on the health and Koch, Sabine C. Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t right-left) trajectory is (a) imagined and identified work ability of teachers? A study (N=91) conducted Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany with greater ease, (b) perceived as more powerful at two points in time tested these questions in a Our bodies move in the three dimensions of space, and impactful. Empirical evidence, including appli- cross-lagged panel design using structural equation time and gravity. This series of experiments varies cations to consumer psychology, will be presented. modelling. The results indicate that deep acting has aspects of these basic dimensions of movement to a positive effect on the health of teachers. Surface investigate dynamic body feedback. It focuses on the influence of movement quality (here: sharp vs S-153: Work design for an aging acting is more frequently used if they feel already burned out. These findings contribute to the smooth movement rhythms), and movement shape, workforce i.e., movement related to the three primary axes development of an age-mixed group supervision. (here: approach vs avoidance motor behavior) on affect, attitudes, and cognition. Results suggest Ekkehart Frieling, Ju¨ rgen Wegge (chair) In many countries the proportion of elderly Supporting older adults to use interactive systematic influences of movement rhythms on employees is continuously increasing. This leads systems affect, of movement shape on attitudes, and a not only to difficulties within social security systems Sengpiel, Michael Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Humboldt- moderating influence of rhythms on the impact of but also to problems within organizations as the Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Wandke, shape on attitude formation. whole work force is aging and age diversity is also Hartmut Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Humboldt-Universita¨t rising. This symposium investigates the relationship zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Struve, Doreen Inst. fu¨r Is the body image influenced by primary between working conditions and aging processes. Psychologie, Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, sensorimotor experiences? The understanding of this link is an important Germany Schu¨ tz-Bosbach, Simone Cognitive and Brain precondition for the implementation of age-differ- The aging workforce is bound to use new technical Sciences, Max-Planck-Institut, Leipzig, Germany entiated work designs, i.e. age-specific distribution systems that will often pose a challenge to use. We The term ‘‘body image’’ refers to the conscious of tasks, age-specific design of work equipment and investigate ways to support them in using new visual representation of one’s own body, including age-specific personnel development strategies. Re- interactive systems. We focus on areas of training the structural and geometric details as well as visual cent findings about the effectiveness of such and design of work equipment, exemplified by the and affective aspects. The scientific concept corre- interventions with respect to performance, stress use of a ticket vending machine, for which we sponds roughly to the everyday use of the term, and strain are presented. developed an interactive learning environment for namely as the way we see ourselves when we look in self-learning. Based on Selection-Optimization- a mirror. However, so far little is known on how we Compensation Theory (Baltes) and Social-Learn- Age-differences in work-related motives: learn the (canonical) structure of our own body. A ing-Theory (Bandura) we manipulate characteris- Chronological age versus future time series of experiments will be presented which tics of the learning environment, including the perspectives investigated the possibility that primary sensorimo- simulation, the instruction and the video models, in tor experiences may influence the mental represen- Grube, Anna Organisationspsychologie, Universita¨t experimental settings. Results will be presented and tation of one’s own body structure. Mu¨ nster, Mu¨ nster, Germany Hertel, Guido integrated in current research. Practical implica- Psychology III, University of Muenster, Mu¨ nster, tions will be discussed. Germany The conceptualization of body parts Considering age-related differences in work motiva- Majid, Asifa Dept. of Psycholinguistics, Max Planck tion is important for successful human resource Elderly employees in the automotive industry: Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands management, particularly in light of an ageing Solutions for an age-based work design According to embodiment theories mental content workforce. Age-related differences in work-related Weichel, Julia Inst. fu¨ r Arbeitswissenschaft, derives from the body – that we have the concepts goals, needs, and interests were explored in an Universita¨ t Kassel, Kassel, Germany Buch, Markus we do is due to the particularities of the bodies we online study (N = 358). Age-related differences in Frieling, Ekkehart Inst. fu¨ r Arbeitswissenschaft, have. But little attention has been paid to how the ranking of these motives were observed as Universita¨ t Kassel, Kassel, Germany people conceptualize the body in the first place. expected. However, most of these differences The demographic change leads to a continuously Rather, there is widespread consensus that body disappeared when participants’ future time perspec- rising number of old employees. The focus of our parts are based on perception, and thus universal. tives were controlled (future work time perspective, project is on analysing elderly employees working Cross-cultural experiments, however, show that the date of retirement, work-activities planed after on assembly lines. The sample consists of blue body is not conceptualized in the same way by retirement). The results emphasize the importance collar workers from two original equipment man- people speaking different languages. The relation- of perceived time perspectives in comparison to ufacturers (N=249, N=160). We used objective and ship between linguistic and non-linguistic represen- chronological age of employees. subjective data to analyse the current work systems tations of the body need to be re-examined in light (e.g. decision latitude) as well as the employees’ of this evidence. Age and role clarity in the relations between performance (e.g. adaptive performance) and health demands, resources and psychological well- status (e.g. somatic complaints). We found positive Embodiment in cultures of honour being: Results of a complete 2-wave study effects of working conditions on the employees’ Ijzerman, Hans Leerstoel Semin, Utrecht University, de Lange, Annet Experim. and Arbeidspsychology, performance which underlines the importance of Utrecht, Netherlands Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands adaptive work design that promote learning and We tested the hypothesis that cultural orientations De Lange, AH, Van der Heijden, B. Kooij, D., health over the lifespan. have an embodied component. In particular, we Jansen, PGW In this study (based on a sample of investigated the embodiment of honor in two N=2611 Dutch workers) we examine the moderat- The impact of age diversity in workgroups on studies, showing that values related to male respect ing influence of the age-related variable Role clarity innovation, group performance and health and female ‘purity’ are affected by erect versus in the relation between (quantitative, emotional)

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Wegge, Ju¨ rgen Arbeits- und Org.-Psychologie, slumped posture directly for individuals from honor demands, and several types of resources in predict- Technische Universita¨ t Dresden, Dresden, Germany cultures, and for individuals from individualist ing psychological well-being (measured as emo- Schmidt, Klaus Helmut Universita¨ t Dortmund, IFADO, cultures after an honor prime. A third experiment tional exhaustion, job satisfaction and depression). Dortmund, Germany showed that only individuals from honor cultures The results revealed that role clarity moderated or Age diversity in teams can have advantages (e.g., walked more upright after an honor prime than buffered the effects of emotional demands in use of different experiences) as well as disadvan- after a control prime. This demonstration of predicting job satisfaction and depression. For tages (e.g., emotional conflicts). Under which cultural embodiment is a first experimental support emotional exhaustion, role clarity moderated the circumstances these effects occur has been rarely for anthropological suggestions of forming the effects of both emotional and quantitative de- studied. Therefore, we investigate in two long- culturally situated social mind via physical experi- mands, and for possibilities for development. We itudinal studies (N1 = 67, N2= 145 groups) within ence. will discuss the practical as well as scientific the administrative sector the influence of age implications of the results found. diversity on indicators of work motivation (e.g., The subtle effects of writing direction on the satisfaction), group efficiency (e.g., performance) perception of human action Effect of emotion regulation on the health of and health (e.g., burnout). Cognitive salience of age Suitner, Caterina DPSS, University of Padova, teachers over time diversity, task complexity and diversity mind sets Padova, Italy Philipp, Anja Arbeits- und Org.-Psychologie, are considered as moderating variables. The results The embodiment approach not only implies that Universita¨ t Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Krause, of both studies show that age diversity has positive cognition is affected by the body’s momentary state, Andreas Schu¨ pbach, Heinz A&O-Psychologie, effects under specific conditions (e.g., complex but also by its habitual interaction with its Universita¨ t Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany tasks). Wednesday 23rd July 2008 395

S-154: The psychology of Web 2.0: in self-disclosure compared to ’recipients’ and suggests that justice sensitivity can be increased by Personalities, motives and ’novices’. priming moral prototypes. Study 6 reveals that civil courage is rooted in justice sensitivity. managing impressions The influence of privacy concerns and strategic self presentation motives on self presentation on Belief in a just world and legal socialization in Nicole Kra¨ mer, Sabine Trepte (chair) social networking sites adolescence The buzzword ’’web 2.0‘‘ describes new mechanisms Donat, Matthias Pa¨ dagogiches Institut, Universita¨t and opportunities: Within the Internet and its Utz, Sonja Dept. of Communication Science, VU Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany Dalbert, Claudia platforms like YouTube, MySpace or wikipedia, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Social networking sites have become increasingly Inst. fu¨r Pa¨ dagogik, Universita¨t Halle-Wittenberg, users are no longer merely recipients but producers popular and many people put a lot of personal Halle, Germany of media content. From a psychological perspec- information on their profiles. The paper investigates In our study we investigated the hypotheses that tive, it is open why and how people – despite in how far users of social networking sites are rule-breaking behavior of adolescents can be potential privacy concerns – present themselves in concerned with privacy and strategic self-presenta- explained by justice experiences at school and also the World Wide Web and publish partly intimate tion and how these motives influence the amount of the justice motive. In a questionnaire study on details on their lives. The symposium gives an personal information that is disclosed on the profile secondary and high school students we assessed overview on recent research on social network sites (visible only for friends vs. visible for everybody). general and personal belief in a just world (BJW), and blogs. The contributions focus on potential the An online survey was held among 144 users of justice centrality, just school climate, and several motives and gratifications as well as on the relation Hyves, the largest Dutch social networking site. dimensions of rule-breaking behavior. Overall, of personality factors and the form of self People who use the internet to influence their image findings suggest a negative association between presentation. and to maintain personal relationships make more BJW and rule-breaking behavior, being mediated personal information visible to everyone. by justice experiences at school. We discuss the StudiVZ - Determinants of social networking and findings in regard to the adaptive functions of BJW dissemination of information among students and to implications for further educational and Impression management 2.0: Self-presentation ¨ developmental research. Bosau, Christian Okonomie und Soz.-Pychologie, on social networking sites and its relationship to Universita¨t Ko¨ ln, Ko¨ ln, Germany Fischer, Oliver personality Personnel Department, Bertelsmann AG, Guetersloh, Winter, Stephan Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, What makes revenge so sweet? Germany Koll, Marcus Economic/Social Psychology, Universita¨ t Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany Gollwitzer, Mario Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Kra¨ mer, Nicole Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, Universita¨t Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany The network community StudiVZ is extremely Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany In two experiments, we investigated under which popular among students in Germany. However, Social networking sites like MySpace, Facebook or conditions victims/avengers react with satisfaction little is known about the reasons underlying StudiVZ are new, popular means of communicating to the outcome of an unjust episode. In Experiment students’ willingness to participate in that network personality. The aim of this study was to investigate 1, avengers were compared with non-avengers. In community and to present information about the influence of (offline) personality traits on Experiment 2, the offender suffered from revenge themselves – and consume information about (online) self-presentation in social network profiles. vs. from fateful harm. Additionally, the offender’s others – in this manner. What are the motives and With a survey among users of the German Web 2.0 understanding for his suffering was manipulated. gratifications? Do different patterns of media use site StudiVZ.net and a content analysis of the Findings show that (a) offenders’ understanding depend on personality differences or do students respondents’ profiles we found that self-efficacy of increases victims’ satisfaction, (b) taking revenge is just want to have fun? This study, asking StudiVZ- impression management has a strong effect on the satisfactory even when the offender does not members via online-questionnaires, presents results number of virtual friends, the detail level of the understand why he is being punished. Findings regarding the reasons for participating in the profile and the style of the personal photo. The are discussed with regard to the question what network, the behaviour within the network as well results also indicate a slight influence of Extraver- people hope to achieve when intending to take as the dissemination of private and personal sion, whereas self-esteem did not have any sig- revenge in the context of a common transgression. information. nificant effect at all. Implicit measurement of punishment goals: Lay Entering the blogosphere: Motives for reading, Relevant aspects of successful project-based people prefer just deserts writing and commenting learning with Web 2.0 tools in schools Keller, Livia Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Bern, Haferkamp, Nina Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, Jadin, Tanja Inst. fu¨ r Kommunikation, Universita¨t Bern 9, Switzerland Universita¨t Ko¨ ln, Ko¨ ln, Germany Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Wiesner, Anja Inst. fu¨r Three Swiss studies investigated lay people’s Weblogs allow authors to develop an individualized Kommunikation, Universita¨ t Salzburg, Salzburg, implicit and explicit punishment goals with regard web presence that reflects facets of their personal Austria Wijnen, Christine Inst. fu¨ r Kommunikation, to criminal cases. Implicit goals were assessed using life, opinions and interests. Additionally, the Universita¨ t Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Paus- a method applied by Carlsmith (2001, 2006). possibility to post comments on the weblog opens Hasebrink, Ingrid Inst. fu¨ r Kommunikation, Participants were asked to assign a sentence and a communicative basis for readers and writers. We Universita¨ t Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria were given the possibility to search for more conducted a survey with 79 bloggers and 172 An evaluation study investigated relevant aspects of information. The results for the implicit measure recipients in order to investigate the motivations successful project-based learning with Web 2.0. 27 replicated the findings by Carlsmith very closely: for writing, reading and commenting on blogs in teachers and 169 pupils from nine Austrian schools Participants were more concerned about just deserts consideration of the gender and age of the participated in the study. The results show that than about deterrence and incapacitation. How- participants. Results indicate, for instance, that teacher’s attitudes to the Internet as a communica- ever, when additional information on restorative male readers are primarily interested in informative tion medium predicts the general usage of Web 2.0, justice was given, this information was equally weblogs and that especially male bloggers serve this the usage of new media in schools, and the usage of important in determining the sentence. The explicit need while female bloggers prefer to write about Web 2.0 in this project. Significant correlations measure, in contrast, suggested that participants personal experiences. were found between pupil’s learning effects, their preferred positive special prevention. use of Web 2.0, and group coherence. Willingness Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Web 2.0 users’ values and concerns of privacy to learn, aspects of class climate, and general Workplace interpersonal deviance (WID) as a Trepte, Sabine Inst. fu¨ r Medienpsychologie, satisfaction differ significantly between the project reaction to social stressors and organizational Medienschule Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany and school. Finally, teacher’s actual Web 2.0 usage justice: The moderating role of personality Reinecke, Leonard Media Management, Hamburg is discussed. Krings, Franciska Business und Wirtschaft, Universita¨t Media School, Hamburg, Germany Behr, Katharina- Lausanne, Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland Facchin, Maria Media Management, Hamburg Media School, S-155: Justice and moral behavior Ste´ phanie Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Germany Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Who are the users of web 2.0 services in terms of Manfred Schmitt, Claudia Dalbert (chair) Research on workplace deviance suggest that need for privacy and self-disclosure and what are Six studies show that the perception of justice deviance results from an interaction between their values in life? Based on data gathered in an affects moral behavior. Study 1 demonstrates that organizational and person factors (Judge, Scott, & online survey with 702 participants, this study perceiving justice mediates the effect of the justice Ilies, 2006, Penney & Spector, 2005). Building on examines issues of privacy for Internet users with motive on rule breaking behavior in schools. Study these models, we studied organizational(distribu- high vs. low affinity for the Web 2.0. A cluster 2 shows that re-establishing justice is a major goal tive/procedural/interactional justice, social stres- analyses identified three groups with different usage in revenge. Using an information search paradigm, sors) and Big Five personality factors as patterns of user-generated-content. The statistical Study 3 shows that punishment goals are motivated predictors of work interpersonal deviance (WID) analysis revealed significant differences between by a desire for justice. Study 4 finds that anti- in 265 employees. As expected, social stressors were these groups. For instance, ’producers’ of user- citizenship behavior at work is driven by the positively and interactional justice and agreeable- generated content show significantly higher scores perception of organizational unfairness. Study 5 ness were negatively related to WID. Moreover, 396 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

agreeableness acted as a moderator, demonstrating Automatic item generation: Artificial intelligence relationship between specific features of test ques- a stronger relation between interactional justice and and transfer learning in physics tions and associated underlying cognitive processes. WID for disagreeable employees. Stressor and Kyllonen, Patrick C. Center for New Construct, In verbal reasoning assessment, ratings of relevant agreeableness did not interact, suggesting differen- Educational Testing Service, Princeton, USA linguistic and semantic variables are typically tial effects of interactional justice and stressors on ETS has developed a system called the Test examined. Natural language processing tools, such Creation Assistant (TCA), a template based system as Latent Semantic Analysis, provide an efficient deviance. for automatic item generation. The system is used and reliable method to code many of these text- to generate many items from a single item ‘‘model,’’ based variables. This presentation describes how Moral prototypes, moral behavior and justice and has been applied to both math and physics such tools could be incorporated into test develop- sensitivity word problems. In collaboration with Cycorp, Inc. ment and delivery programs to improve the Osswald, Silvia Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t and Northwestern University we added artificial usability and meaning of verbal ability test scores. Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Greitemeyer, Tobias intelligence methods to the system to create Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, problem variants that systematically differ from a S-157: Associative learning of Germany Fischer, Peter Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, ‘‘parent’’ problem, allowing us to test transfer implicit attitudes Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Frey, learning. I review the results of a learning experi- ment and discuss implications for the future of Dieter Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Bertram Gawronski, Jan de Houwer (chair) automatic item generation in creating tests and Mu¨ nchen, Germany Behavior is determined not only by explicit learning materials. The studies base on the idea of three moral attitudes (carefully constructed opinions of what prototypes (just, brave and caring) of Walker and we like or dislike) but also by implicit attitudes Hennig (2004). It was demonstrated that people Item development for new measures of cognitive (immediate, spontaneous evaluations). Implicit relate different moral behaviors to the three flexibility attitudes toward a stimulus can result from pairing prototypes (Studies 1 – 3). Study 4 revealed that Beckmann, Jens F. Accelerated Learning Labratory, it with other stimuli. In this symposium, De the activation of the just prototype promoted moral University of New South Wales, Australia, Australia Houwer will discuss potential pitfalls when studying courage, whereas helping behavior (related to the Bowman, David associative learning of implicit attitudes. Gawronski While mental flexibility is a central constituent in shows that newly learned implicit attitudes can be caring prototype and not to the just) was not many theories of intelligence, this capability is context dependent. Data presented by Ranganath affected. Activating the just prototype also affected insufficiently captured by traditional test scores. and by Rydell reveal dissociations between the justice sensitivity on the observer and the perpe- Across several studies, a number of novel tasks were associative learning of explicit and implicit atti- trator perspective: Participants became more justice constructed comprising a wide variety of item types tudes. Sherman warns that implicit measures of sensitive. For the victim perspective, no differences emphasising the capacity to deal with ambiguity, to attitudes might not directly reflect underlying between the prototype-activation and the control switch frames of reference, and to deviate from associations. Dijksterhuis will be discussant. group emerged. routine ways of thinking. Results from student and manager samples provide evidence for the differ- Potential pitfalls in the study of associative ential sensitivities of mental flexibility scores to learning of implicit attitudes Justice sensitivity and civil courage predict problem-solving behaviours in comparison de Houwer, Jan Dept. of Psychology, Ghent Hauer, Johannes Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t to traditional metrics. This new approach may serve University, Ghent, Belgium Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany Krettek, Carmen to redress the existing discrepancy between con- Associative learning is an important source of Fachbereich Psychologie, Universita¨ t Koblenz- ceptualisation and operationalisation of intelli- implicit attitudes. However, potential pitfalls com- Landau, Landau, Germany Baumert, Anna gence. Fachbereich Psychologie, Universita¨ t Koblenz- plicate the study of associative learning of implicit Landau, Landau, Germany Schmitt, Manfred attitudes. I will discuss four of these pitfalls: One Fachbereich Psychologie, Universita¨ t Koblenz- New item development approaches for social and needs to be sure that the measure of implicit Landau, Landau, Germany emotional intelligence attitudes is not contaminated by explicit attitudes. In a longitudinal study (N = 70), the hypothesis was MacCann, Carolyn Center for New Constructs, One should realize that different processes might Educational Testing Service, Princeton, USA underlie different types of implicit attitudes. Proper tested that justice sensitivity contributes uniquely to Item development for social and emotional intelli- controls are needed to exclude the influence of non- civil courage over and above empathy, social gence (EI) tests requires different processes than associative elements of the procedure. In comparing anxiety, self efficacy, and responsibility denial. At those used in conventional intelligence tests, pri- implicit and explicit attitude formation, results may time 1, these traits were measured. At time 2, marily due to the difficulty in scoring EI items. depend on how explicit attitudes are measured. participants reacted to eight different stories de- These approaches include: (1) the situational These pitfalls will be illustrated by referring to new scribing cases of innocent victimization. Partici- judgment test (SJT) approach; (2) implicit assess- and published data. pants rated for each incident perceived injustice, ments (e.g., the Implicit Association Test); (3) the use of appraisal theories of emotion to develop test moral outrage, and the likelihood that they would I like you, I like you not: Understanding the items; (4) the use of perceptual tasks to assess help the victim, call for support from bystanders, context-dependency of implicit attitudes emotion recognition; and (5) affective forecasting. and rebut the perpetrator. At time 3, civil courage Gawronski, Bertram Dept. of Psychology, University The strengths and weaknesses of these approaches was measured in a naturalistic setting. Justice of Western Ontario, London, Canada (and the convergence between them) are outlined, Previous research has shown that implicit attitudes sensitivity affected civil courage conditionally on with empirical illustrations from multivariate data can be highly context-sensitive. In the present the type of situation. sets. research, we argue that context effects on implicit attitudes depend on the heterogeneity of prior S-156: New approaches to item Selecting sub-items for signal detection indexes experiences with the attitude object, leading to generation for educational and Paulhus, Delroy L. Dept. of Psychology, University of cue-dependent activation of evaluative associations. British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Across 4 studies, implicit attitudes reflected the psychological measurement When maximizing test reliability, standard strate- valence of previously learned information regard- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 gies are to: (1) increase the correlations among less of the context, when this information was Carolyn MacCann, Patrick C. Kyllonen (chair) items; and (2) increase the number of items. In evaluatively consistent. However, when the ac- The generation of test items to assess abilities and signal detection theory there are two categories of quired information was evaluatively inconsistent, aptitudes dates back to Binet, the USA army’s responses (hits and false alarms), such that these implicit attitudes became context-dependent, such alpha and beta intelligence tests, and the Scholastic strategies are less straight-forward to implement. that they reflected the valence of the information Aptitude Test (SAT) that followed. Since these Five possible approaches to dealing with this issue that was associated with a particular context during beginnings, automatic and rational approaches to are illustrated with a dataset from the Over- learning. Claiming Questionnaire (Paulhus et al., 2003): (1) item generation more precisely control item com- partition and factor; (2) create sub-accuracy scores; Covariation detection and attitude formation plexity and difficulty, important for computerized (3) combinatorial approach; (4) crude empiricism; Ranganath, Kate Dept. o fPsychology, University of adaptive testing or large scale standardized testing. and (5) the ability to discriminate across ability Virginia, Charlottesville, USA In addition, new constructs somewhat orthogonal levels. We investigated the effects of covariation informa- from cognitive ability require different approaches tion implicit and explicit attitude formation. Atti- to item development. This symposium addresses Using automated text analysis tools to develop tudes were induced with an illusory correlation current approaches for item generation for both verbal ability testsGorin, Joanna S. College of procedure in which participants read twice as many traditional and new item types, for use in school Education, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA statements about one group (majority) than the assessment, educational readiness and training and A fundamental component of any item generation other (minority), though the ratio of positive to organizational psychology. system is a coding framework used to quantify the negative statements was equal. Control conditions Wednesday 23rd July 2008 397

presented an actual correlation between the major- large body of cross-cultural research. Most of it, Individualism-collectivism and school ity group and positive behaviors or the minority however, used mean scores of scales for collectivism achievement in Italian students group and positive behaviors. Explicit attitudes and individualism to classify certain populations as Alesi, Marianna Dept. of Psychology, University of showed the illusory correlation effect, implicit either collectivist or individualists. Recent develop- Palermo, Palermo, Italy Pepi, Annamaria Dept. of attitudes did not. We interpret this as indicating Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ment in this area suggests that relatively large dual-processes wherein implicit attitudes reflect The aim is to study the relationship between proportions of any population can be quite varied algebraic accounting of covariation and explicit individualism-collectivism, personal conceptions of attitudes reflect reflective judgments of that covar- in their "mix" of collectivism and individualist. This intelligence and school achievement. Participated iation. presentation, demonstrates how cluster analysis can 222 students attending High School (humanistic, reduce the impact of some response biases when scientific and technique address), distributed ac- collectivism and individualism are compared across cording their gender and socioeconomic status. The impact of forming discrepant implicit and Subjects were given a questionnaire assessing socio- explicit attitudes: Controlled thought and different nations and cultures. Implications for economic level and school performance, Personal uncertainty further research in this area are discussed. Conceptions of Intelligence Test (Faria, Fontaine, Rydell, Robert Dept. of Psychology, University of 1997) and Auckland Individualism-Collectivism California, Santa Barbara, USA Culture as situated cognition Scale (Shulruf, Hattie, Dixon, 2007). Significant Discrepant implicit and explicit attitudes toward the Oyserman, Daphna Dept. of Psychology, University of differences were found on the individualism linked same attitude object were formed by concurrently Michigan, Ann-Arbor, USA to gender, school address and socioeconomic level. presenting subliminal primes that were inconsistent Experimental research demonstrates that small and Moreover results show positive correlations be- with the validity of statements about that attitude seemingly incidental features of a situation can cue tween school achievement and individualism in object. The implications of holding implicit-explicit technique students and negative correlations be- discrepancies was moderated by ability to perceive different cultural syndromes and that once cued, a tween school achievement and collectivism in them. Normally, people showed decreased attitude cultural syndrome influences what content and humanistic students. certainty but increased cognitive dissonance and process knowledge seems relevant. Merely reading implicit ambivalence in response to discrepancies. a short paragraph that primes collectivist or However, when people could not perseverate individualist concepts is sufficient to influence Measuring values and personality traits across because of inability (cognitive load) or lack of people’s reasoning strategies in ways that parallel cultures: The case of motivation (self-affirmation) it was as if no differences between collectivistic and individualistic Norenzayan, Ara Dept. of Psychology, University of discrepancy existed. Discrepancies did not lead to cultures. Such temporary influences suggest that British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Buchtel, Emma uncertainty, but controlled thought after the Dept. of Psychology, University of British Columbia, cultural differences may be better conceptualized formation of the implicit-explicit attitude discre- Vancouver, Canada Heine, Steven Dept. of pancies did. within a framework of adaptively tuned situated Psychology, University of British Columbia, cognition. I’ll present experimental and meta- Vancouver, Canada analytic findings, outline their implications for the Much research inspired by the individualism- Implicit attitudes and implicit associations are conceptualization of culture and discuss basic and collectivism construct contrasts self-reported values not the same thing applied research implications. and personality traits across cultures. We submit Sherman, Jeffrey Dept. of Psychology, University of that this enterprise is weakened by significant California, Davis, USA methodological problems, particularly the refer- Implicit measures of attitudes often are taken as Individualism and well-being: New evidence and ence-group effect, undermining the validity of direct reflections of underlying associations. How- theoretical implications average country scores of personality traits. Beha- ever, our research shows that these measures reflect Schimmack, Ulrich Dept. of Psychology, University of vioral and demographic predictors of conscientious- a variety of component processes. Motivations to Toronto, Toronto, Canada Diener, Ed Dept. of ness were correlated with different cross-national control prejudice, exposure to counter-stereotypic Psychology, University of Illinois at Urba, Champaign, measures of conscientiousness based on self-reports, exemplars, and practice at negating prejudicial IL, USA observer-reports, and perceptions of national char- responses all corresponded with less biased associa- Well-being is a culture-free and universally applic- acter. These predictors correlated strongly with tions. However, these variables also were associated able construct because it allows individuals to judge perceptions of national character, but not with self- with increased controlled efforts to monitor beha- the quality of their lives based on their own, in part reports and peer-reports. Country-level self- and vior. Old age and alcohol assumption influenced culturally determined, ideals. Thus, culture may peer-report measures of conscientiousness failed as controlled efforts to inhibit automatic associations, markers of between-nation differences in person- but were not associated with differences in under- influence the criteria that individuals use to evaluate ality. lying associations. Thus, variance in implicit their lives, but the outcome of the evaluation attitude measures reflects a variety of processes, process is comparable across cultures. Individual- and may be unrelated to differences in underlying ism is a strong predictor of cultural differences in S-159: Science, technology and associations. well-being (N = 50, r = .67). Thus, individualism is innovation psychology an important and valid dimension of cultural S-158: Challenges in contemporary variation, and individualistic cultures are better in Sven Hemlin, Carl Martin Allwood (chair) research on the assessment and that they provide better opportunities to maximize In recent years there has been an increased interest well-being. in taking a psychological perspective on science, evaluation of collectivism and technology and innovation processes. This research individualism area aims at an improved understanding of R&D Adaptation and cross-cultural validation of the processes from the perspective of the scientist, Boaz Shulruf (chair) Auckland Individualism Collectivism Scale (AICS) groups and organizations were scientists work in Over the past three decades collectivism and in the Portuguese and Romanian contexts academic and industrial settings. This brings individualism have been the cornerstone of a large Faria, Luı´sa Fac. of Psychology and Educat., together elements of personality, cognitive, social, body of cross-cultural research. Most of it, how- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Ciochina, Laura cross-cultural and industrial/organizational psy- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 ever, used mean scores of scales for collectivism and Fac. of Psychology and Educat., University of Porto, chology (Feist, 2006; Ford, 1993; Woodman, individualism to classify certain populations as Porto, Portugal Sawyer & Griffin, 1996). either collectivist or individualists. Recent develop- This study aims to validate, in Portugal and ment in this area suggests that relatively large Romania, the AICS (Shulruf, Hattie & Dixon, The concept of culture and the indigenized proportion of any population is either high or low 2003), to measure Individualism-Collectivism psychologies on both collectivism and individualist thus the (IND/COL), using a sample of 200 Portuguese Allwood, Carl Martin Dept. of Psychology, Lund traditional collectivism-individualism classification and 195 Romanian, 10th and 12th graders. The of peoples is likely to be determined by only small University, Lund, Sweden AICS with 26 items, 15 of Individualism (3 The modern indigenous psychologies (henceforth: proportion of any group. This symposium discusses indigenous psychologies) are examples of local the implication of this development on contempor- subscales – Uniqueness, Competition and Respon- approaches to psychology (see e.g. Sinha, 1997). ary research in cross cultural psychology. sibility), and 11 of Collectivism (2 subscales – Harmony and Advice) was submitted to confirma- They occur in different varieties but they all aim to tory factor analyses that support the use of be culturally and pragmatically relevant to the Challenges in contemporary research on the researcher’s own society and are reactions to the subscales to measure IND/COL. Further, multi- assessment and evaluation of collectivism and dominance of Western or US-American culture in individualismShulruf, Boaz Faculty of Education, variate analyses evidenced a principal effect of psychological research. This contribution will argue University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand culture on Competition and of gender on Competi- that the concept of culture has not been sufficiently Over the past three decades collectivism and tion, Responsibility, and Advice, and an interaction problematized in the literature on the indigenized individualism have become the cornerstone of a effect of culture x gender on Harmony. psychologies and that one of the most basic 398 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

premises of the indigenous psychologies (culture as Innovations in science and technology: A social Aggression as well as individual problems in a fairly stable, within the "cultural group" singly psychological study adolescence. describable and shared entity) is problematic. Schulze, Anna Dorothea Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Empathy and perspective-taking: Risk OR Innovations in Science and Technology - a Social protective factors or risk and protective factors in Why are women avoiding the physical sciences? Psychological Study Most innovation studies in the development of relational aggression in Feist, Gregory Dept. of Psychology, San Jose´ State Science and Technology come from the fields of adolescence? University, California, CA, USA Rastogi, Deepika sociology and organization studies. Our study Scheithauer, Herbert Inst. Bildungswissenschaften, Dept. of Psychology, San Jose´ State University, focused on social conflicts within the genesis of Freie Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Bull, Heike California, CA, USA innovations in the field of Gene Technology (in Dele Department of Psychology, Free University of It is not true that women are not going into the basic science, scientist/entrepreneur firms and larger Berlin, Berlin, Germany sciences, only the physical sciences. We predicted R&D firms). We studied the varieties of conflict The aim of this study was to explore the relation- that a preference for people-oriented rather than and conflict management in innovation processes ship between empathy (E), perspective-taking (PE) thing-oriented careers and more flexible working and their importance for innovation success. and relational aggression (RA). Data from 126 conditions work together to make the physical Results: An appropriate conflict management is adolescents (aged 14-16) will be presented. A sub- sciences less appealing to women. The sample decisive for successful innovation. The scientists sample of 42 adolescents further participated in a consisted of undergraduate and graduate students adopt a configuration of mode of conflict manage- longitudinal design over a 15-month-period. PT was as well as professors in the physical, social, and ment. They combine and form patterns. The assessed with self-reports, E and RA were assessed biological sciences. As predicted, compared to integrating combined with contending behaviour on the basis of self-, peer- and teacher ratings. We women in the physical sciences, those in the other proved to be more successful than integrating expect both factors to be positively related to RA sciences scored higher on people-oriented voca- behaviour alone. tional interest and lower on Autism-Spectrum for extreme groups (high vs. low RA), when the initial measure of RA is controlled. Findings will be Quotient, and placed higher value on more S-160: Risk and protective factors family-oriented working conditions. Implications discussed with regard to the knowledge about risk are discussed in the context of an emerging new of relational aggression in and protective factors. discipline, the psychology of science. adolescence ‘‘Fight for me!’’ Girls’ and boys’ expectations of Herbert Scheithauer (chair) Service science: A case study in the social defense against same- or other-gender peers Even though in recent years there had been an psychology of science Neuhaus, Janine Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Freie increasing amount of literature on physical aggres- Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Hannover, Bettina Gorman, Michael E. Science and Technology, sion, there is still a lack of studies investigating risk Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Freie Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA and protective factors for the development of The cognitive literature on expertise demonstrates Germany relational aggression in adolescence. This is supris- This research compares male and female 9th that domain experts develop distinct ways of ing because studies have shown that in adolescence, graders’ expectations (N=900) of an accompanying representing and solving problems; even what is relational aggression has especially negative con- peer’s reaction after being provoked. By using viewed as a problem is unique to specific domains. sequences for boys and girls psychosocial develop- vignettes we also manipulate the companion’s There is a social studies of science literature that ment. The studies presented in this symposium gender, consequently resulting in a 2x2 design focuses on shared expertise. An interactional expert investigate contextual or individual risk and pro- (gender-target x gender-companion). Referring to understands enough of another expertise commu- tective factors and provide an empirical base for the the girls-target situation we assume that the same- nity to gauge its needs and work with it towards development of adequate interventions. gender constellation (girl/girl) leads to higher solutions to problems, but cannot do the actual relational aggression and lower overt aggression research done by domain experts. This presentation expectancy rates, whereas the other-gender con- will link these two literatures and apply them to the Risk and protective factors in the development of stellation (girl/boy) evokes an opposite pattern. emerging field of service science. (instrumental) relational aggression in Furthermore we expect a moderating effect of the adolescence subject’s agreement to paternalistic-oriented gender Ittel, Angela Fakulta¨t fu¨r Pa¨ dagogik, Bundeswehr roles as described in the culture-of-honor concept Creativity stimulating R&D group leaders Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Neubiberg, Germany (Nisbett, 1993). Results are discussed with respect Hemlin, Sven Gothenburg Research Institute, While research has identified multiple motives and to preventive school measures. Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden Olsson, forms of physical aggression, relational aggression Lisa Gothenburg Research Institute, Gothenburg has not been investigated to identify different University, Gothenburg, Sweden subtypes and expressions of this often more subtle Longitudinal associations of normative beliefs Group leaders play an important role for creative form of aggression. This project therefore examines and relational aggression during middle outcomes of R&D groups. Lately, this issue was the expression of instrumental relational aggression childhood and early adolescence reviewed by Mumford et al. (2002) ending in a in 373 male and female adolescents. Results show Werner, Nicole Dep. of Human Development, number of questions. We are currently conducting a that factors related to the family, such as parenting, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA Lyle, study based on the Critical Incident Technique take an effect on boys expression of instrumental Kelsey Dep. of Human Development, Washington (CIT) to find out what group leader actions are relational aggression. For girls individual attitudes State University, Pullman, WA, USA involved in creative situations with R&D groups. and values as well as psychosocial factors are Support for social information-processing (SIP) Data are collected with three members of each associated with the expression of instrumental models of child adjustment suggests that patterns R&D group. We will report the preliminary results relational aggression. Both boys and girls however of distal (i.e., latent knowledge structures) and of this analysis to answer questions about what benefit from a democratic family climate. proximal (i.e., on-line) processing of social informa- situations are involved, why are they considered tion predict individual differences in overt and creative and what conclusions can be drawn about relational aggression (RA) (Werner & Nixon, 2005). The relationship of rejection sensitivity and creativity stimulating leadership. The current study utilized a longitudinal design and relational aggression in adolescence teacher-ratings of RA to extend our understanding Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Rosenbach, Charlotte Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Freie of the role of normative beliefs for RA during Psychology of science and popper: Some Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Bull, Heike Dele middle childhood and adolescence (N=465). Find- reflections Department of Psychology, Free University Berlin, ings indicate that children become increasingly Kumar, Neelam Sociology of Science, Nistads, New Berlin, Germany Renneberg, Babette Department of approving of RA, particularly across the transition Delhi, India Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, from elementary to middle school. Moreover, This paper provides a short note on the evolution of Germany normative beliefs about RA significantly predicted psychology of science. It presents psychology of Aim of this study was to analyze the relationship increases in RA behavior across one year. science as an emerging discipline. The paper also between Rejection Sensitivity (RS), Relational offers some reflections on the links between Popper, Aggression (RA) and individual problems in one of the most famous philosophers of science, adolescence. Longitudinal data from three assess- Ostracism: Effects of being ignored and excluded and integration of psychological approaches and ment points (t1, t2=three months later, t3=one year Williams, Kipling D. Dept. Psychological Sciences, methods to study science. Popper had intellectual later) are available for 41 adolescents (age 14-18). Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA roots in psychology. His political and scientific RS, RA and self-reported strengths and difficulties Ostracism, being ignored and excluded, is a views are traced to his early experiences with (SDQ) were assessed. Data from t3 will be ubiquitous and powerful form of relational aggres- Marxism and psychoanalysis. Yet Popper not only presented. A positive correlation between RS and sion. I present my program of research demonstrat- turned away from psychology as early as 1930 or RA was observed. Regression-models for the ing that the initial reaction to ostracism is thereabout, later became one of the most outspoken prediction of individual problems and RA are unmitigated pain; followed by a perceived threat opponents of psychological approach in science conducted. The results of this study will contribute to four fundamental needs, and coping responses studies. to the knowledge of risk factors of Relational aimed at fortifying these needs. Behavioral re- Wednesday 23rd July 2008 399

sponses can fortify belonging and self-esteem if they analyses. Results showed two different conceptions As already known instructional pictures lead to make the individual more open to others and of wisdom. One focused on cognitive aspects in the better learning results, whereas decorative pictures socially attractive; fortifying control and existential definition of wisdom and on learning as the main are assumed to be seductive details. We assume an needs may be fortified by forcing others to attend to factor in wisdom development. The other viewed evidence for positive effects of decorative pictures and notice – often resulting in anti-social and emotional and spiritual aspects as equally impor- with respect to learners’ prior knowledge. Students provocative acts. Implications for adolescents, for tant as cognition and focused on challenging life from 7th and 8th grade (iv1) learned with one of whom belonging needs are very high, are discussed. experiences as catalysts for wisdom. four worksheet versions (iv2: with or without decorative pictures, iv3: with or without instruc- tional pictures). Our results (dependent variables: S-161: Current perspectives on the Comparing two different approaches to wisdom learning success, eye movements) show a positive concept of wisdom and its Levenson, Michael R. College of Health, Oregon State effect of decorative pictures for 7th graders and a development University, Corvallis, USA Aldwin, Carolyn Human negative effect for 8th graders. Therefore decorative Development & Family, Oregon State University, pictures should only be used for learners with lower Corvallis, OR, USA Taylor, Amanda Human Judith Glu¨ck (chair) prior knowledge. Development & Family, Oregon State University, A recent focus in psychological wisdom research is Corvallis, OR, USA Levaroe, Elizabeth Human on how wisdom develops through actual life Development & Family, Oregon State University, Empirical findings in studies of visual aesthetics experiences. Current theoretical and empirical work Corvallis, OR, USA Kang, Sungrok College of Health in human-computer interaction suggests two different, but related conceptions of and Hum. Sc., Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, Tractinsky, Noam Informat. Systems Engineering, wisdom: one that views wisdom as a largely USA Ben-Gurion University Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel cognitive variable acquired through learning and We contrasted two conceptual and methodological This paper will summarize a recent body of one that emphasizes the integration of cognitive, approaches to wisdom, fundamental pragmatics of empirical research in the field of human-computer emotional, and motivational aspects and is acquired life (Baltes & Staudinger, 2000) with the liberative interaction (HCI) that calls attention to the through actual experience of life challenges. In this model, which focuses on self-transcendence (Leven- importance of aesthetics in the design of interactive symposium, we present empirical work aiming at son et al., 2005), using both qualitative and systems. Among other things, this new research understanding (1) how these two types of wisdom quantitative measures for both approaches in a demonstrates that people judge the aesthetics of are related and (2) how they develop in the course sample of 36 women and 14 men (Mage = 71.7). information technology products very rapidly; that of individual life stories. Age was unrelated to self-transcendence, but varied although ‘‘beauty is in the eye of the beholder,’’ on in its relation to pragmatics. Self-transcendence and average users tend to agree about what is beautiful; Title to be announced pragmatics were largely independent, and the and that, similar to the effects of beauty on social Takahashi, Masami Dept. of Psychology, vignette measures were uncorrelated with the self- relations, it influences perceptions of other attri- Northeastern Illinois Univ., Chicago, IL, USA report measures. Self-transcendence related to life butes of the system, such as its usability. Our developmental model of wisdom integrates two satisfaction, practical knowledge inversely to de- moments or modes of wisdom: analytical and pressive symptoms, and uncertainly management Aesthetic guidelines for the design and synthetic mode. The analytic mode concerns the correlated positively with self-report health. development of pedagogical agents reduction of global systems of wisdom into Veletsianos, George Curriculum and Instruction, elementary qualities, and inquiry into this mode University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Miller, primarily entails the exploration of specific knowl- Predictive validity of general and personal wisdom Charles Curriculum and Instruction, University of edge content or information-processing functions. Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Doering, Aaron Staudinger, Ursula M. Zentr. fu¨ r Lebenslanges In contrast, the synthetic mode concerns the Curriculum and Instruction, University of Minnesota, Lernen, Jacobs Universita¨ t, Bremen, Germany integration of psychological systems and transfor- Minneapolis, USA The paper introduces two measures of personal and mational changes that characterize this integration. Pedagogical agents are anthropomorphic interfaces general wisdom based on the Berlin Wisdom In particular, this wisdom mode pertains to used in electronic learning environments for in- Paradigm. Reliabilities of both measures are cognition/affect integration and a reflective level structional purposes. Such interfaces are often reported from age-comparative samples (young of conscious experience. It is argued that both portrayed as virtual humans able to interact, and old adults). Furthermore, similarities and analytical and synthetic modes of experience are collaborate, and converse with learners. Albeit a differences in predictive validity of the two mea- equally necessary for defining the concept of growing area of study with high expectations for sures are reported. Indicators from cognitive and wisdom. teaching and learning, prior research has disre- personality functioning are used in the validity garded the visuo-aesthetic properties of pedagogical analyses. Christian and Buddhist views on what wisdom is agents. In this paper, we highlight the importance of and how it develops such properties and present guidelines for the Rappersberger, Stefanie Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, design and development of aesthetically pleasing S-162: Cognition of aesthetics in pedagogical agents. These guidelines may be used to Universita¨ t Wien, Wien, Austria graphics: The influence of beauty Conceptions of wisdom have been shown to be inform the deployment of virtual characters in related to culture (Takahashi & Overton, 2005). on web-page design and learning learning environments and provide a coherent Spiritual aspects of wisdom, however, though research agenda for exploring the role of aesthetics prominent in implicit theories of wisdom, have Neil Schwartz, Wolfgang Schnotz (chair) in the context of pedagogical agents. hardly been studied. In this study, 20 Christian and Scant empirical data exist on aesthetics under the 20 Buddhist dignitaries were interviewed about auspices of cognitive theory, and none on learning Psychological aesthetics: Basic and applied wisdom. Content analyses revealed high overlap in with graphics. This symposium aims to assemble aspects conceptions of what wisdom is, although Buddhists international researchers to examine the issue. Leder, Helmut Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Wien, put more emphasis on empathy than Christians. Lenzner explores the aesthetics of scientific graphics Wien, Austria Concerning how wisdom develops, Buddhist parti- on learning physics; Schwartz reports a systematic Beauty for long has not been considered particu- cipants said that wisdom can be acquired through examination of aesthetics on comprehension of larly important in design. However, growing inter- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 directed learning, while Christian participants graphic theme; Velesianos reveals aesthetic effects est in aesthetics has revealed a number of answers emphasized life experience. Both groups viewed on avatars in virtual learning environments; Trac- to the question, what the benefits of beauty might reflection as central to the development of wisdom. tinsky shows reliable aesthetic effects on web-page be. Basing on our psychological model which design; Lowe traces aesthetics in graphic explana- describes cognitive and emotional processes and tory communication. Leder presents a model representations involved in processing of art (Leder, Implicit theories of wisdom and its development: providing deep heuristics in aggregating and Belke, Oeberts & Augustin, 2004) principles of Evidence for two different conceptions advancing the work vis-a`-vis the influence of aesthetics are discussed in the realm of design and Strasser, Irene Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t aesthetics on affect and cognition in learning. ergonomics. It is claimed that the consideration of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria Glu¨ ck, Judith Inst. fu¨r aesthetics can improve the psychological aspects of Psychologie, Universita¨ t Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, design in a number of dimensions, such as cognitive Austria Bluck, Susan Department of Psychology, Decorative pictures in learning materials: Do they fluency, cognitive load and even well-being. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA support learning While a number of studies have investigated ‘‘lay’’ Lenzner, Alwine Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t theories of what wisdom is, no empirical work exists Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany Horz, Holger Inst. Realism in graphic representation: Aesthetics concerning how people think wisdom develops. In a fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Koblenz-Landau, Landau, versus explanatory effectiveness cooperation with the German GEO-magazine, over Germany Schnotz, Wolfgang Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Lowe, Richard Dept. of Education, Curtin University, 2000 readers completed a brief questionnaire Universita¨ t Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany Perth, Australia concerning both of these aspects. Data were Mu¨ ller, Andreas Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t The degree of resemblance between a referent analyzed in an exploratory way using cluster Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany situation and its graphic representation has long 400 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

been considered a key contributor to the aesthetic Baby signing with hard of hearing and with S-164: Cultural psychology and value of a depiction. Visuospatial realism has hearing children individual agency traditionally been the main criterion for judging Kiegelmann, Mechthild IfE, Universita¨t Tu¨ bingen, Tu¨ bingen, Germany Gu¨ nther, Klaus-B. Institute for this aspect of aesthetic worth. More recently, Lars Allolio-Naecke, Carl Ratner (chair) Science of Rehab, Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, technological advances such as computer-based The symposium focuses on power relations, social animation have expanded the conception of graphic Berlin, Germany Newer publications on baby signing suggest an positioning, and cultural meanings that influence aesthetics to encompass behavioural realism. For increasing number of ASL-signs than early pro- individual action. Neither situations nor persons or example, both visuospatial and behavioural realism grams. This increase leads us to question whether things for themselves provoke and guide individual are incorporated at ever increasing levels in baby signing can be especially beneficial for deaf action but the meaning of persons, things and computer action games. This paper shows that with children. We hypothesize that baby signing can situations do. Moreover people, things and situa- education materials however, assumed aesthetic enhance the development of signing deaf children tions are not relevant for everybody in the same manner, because meaning-making itself is a social- benefits from realism in graphics can occur at the more directly, because signing is an integral part of historic process that is deep-seated in one’s own expense of explanatory effectiveness their pre-lingual communicative development. Our current research compares the use of baby signing autobiography. To meet that concern individual with hearing, hard of hearing, and deaf children. action is understood and analyzed as reflecting Learning from graphics: Disentangling the An electronic medium is used in Germany to teach individual and cultural meanings. The relative influence of theme and aesthetics parents and their children baby signs based on the influence of these will be discussed by the speakers. Schwartz, Neil Dept. of Psychology, California State German Sign Language DGS. Preliminary results University, Chico, USA Battinich, William Dept. of will be presented. A cultural-historical vs. a romantic view of ExperimentaPsychology, University of Arkansas, agency Fayettville, USA Lieb, Helmut Faculty of Psychology, Baby signing with deaf/blind children Ratner, Carl Dept. of Psychology, Institute for Cultur. University of Koblenz @ Landau, Landau, Germany Research, Trinidad, USA Wolf, Sylvia Inst. fu¨ r Wissenchaft-Rehabil., Humboldt- Mortensen, Chad Dept. of Psychology, California This paper compares contrasting views of agency. Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany State University, Chico, USA The cultural historical view, pioneered by Vygots- Acredolo and Goodwyn convincingly demonstrated A tripartite model is debuted showing that thematic ky, Luria, and Leontiev, emphasizes the shared, the importance of baby signing for developmental relations between web-based graphics and text cultural organization of agency. Agency is a psychology. Yet, the practice of baby signing with explains the way graphics effect text comprehension cultural-historical phenomenon that is shaped by disabled children still is a relatively new topic in —but only if learners have prior knowledge to social institutions, cultural concepts, social position research. We are especially interested in the effects (class). Idiosyncratic forms of agency are subordi- induce theme and graphics are immediately per- of baby signing with deaf-blind children, especially nate to culturally shared characteristics that are ceived as beautiful. We report on three partial- any effects on motor and kinaesthetic development. necessary for culture to persist. Agency is the replication studies sampling 500 students in which We hypothesize that tactile baby signing fosters the potential to critically analyze one culture and graphics were manipulated for theme valence, development of the space-time inventory as well as humanize it to enhance social and psychological aesthetic quality, and learners’ reaction time of the development of cognitive object permanence. life. The romantic view postulates that agency is We are presenting a pilot study and research design aesthetic perception to the aesthetically-controlled intrinsically active, creative, and fulfilling. It makes for a longitudinal investigation. graphics. Multiple regression analyses under each the meanings which guide individual action in experimental condition, and focus-group inter- society. The individual negotiates with society on views, revealed that aesthetics evoked emotional A longitudinal study investigating the impact on his own terms. These positions are evaluated in responsivity in learners that dictated cognitive language development of encouraging infants to terms of scientific and political criteria. access to theme, which in turn, predicted deep communicate using signs and gestures Kirk, Elizabeth School of Psychology, University of thematic text processing. How to deal with polyvalence of action Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Pine, Karen School of Allolio-Naecke, Lars Inst. fu¨ r Theologie, Universita¨t Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Nu¨ rnberg-Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany United Kingdom S-163: Baby signing Everyday activity is structured by ambiguous We present the first set of findings from a actions. The question as to the reason why someone longitudinal study of 40 infants exploring the Mechthild Kiegelmann, Annette Hohenberger (chair) did something is not answerable from an outside impact of encouraging gestural communication. While baby signing has recently become popular, perspective. But as psychologists, we have to deal Infants were randomly allocated to one of four little research is available that evaluates potential with precise models for describing the reasons why conditions: Symbolic Gesture training, British Sign someone undertook an action, because from the psychological and linguistic effects of using sign to Language (BSL) training, Verbal training and a psychological perspective, we are trying to predict foster early communication with babies. The non-intervention control group. At 8m, 12m, 16m, future behaviour. But this is exceptionally difficult, presenters in this symposium take two different and 20m infants’ auditory comprehension and especially in cross-cultural situations. To solve this research perspectives on 1) sign language acquisi- expressive communication (PLS-3 UK) and recep- problem, Ernst E. Boesch proposed the introduc- tion in both hearing and deaf children and on 2) tive and productive vocabulary (Oxford CDI) were tion of the polyvalence concept. In my contribution, measured during home visits. Data comparing symbolic gesturing with hearing children, including I show how to use that concept for intercultural infants’ language development will be reported evaluating baby signing media. All presenters argue trainings. on the basis of empirical research within the context and the findings will be discussed in relation to of a controversial debate. An expert in research notions of gestural communication enhancing early mother-infant interaction and infant language The norms of culture and the participant’s stake methodology will serve as a discussant for the acquisition. Zielke, Barbara Intercultural Communication, presented empirical studies. University of Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany The concept of a ‘‘dialogical self’’ is seen as a tool Does baby signing lead to faster language Effects of a gestural communication program in for adapting psychology to the conditions of Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 development in hearing children? Evidence from globalization: all meaningful entities are subject to Chilean babies deaf signing babies dialogical processes of meaning construction and Farkas, Chamarrita Psychology, P. Univers. Catolica Morgan, Gary Dept. of Language and Commu., City de Chile, Santiago, Chile the self is one of those entities. More radically, the University, London, United Kingdom Woll, Bencie idea of dialogicality may be employed to decon- The research realized explore the benefits of DCAL, UCL, London, United Kingdom Woolfe, Tyron gestural communication program in children’, struct the individual actor as the object of DCAL, UCL, London, United Kingdom psychological interest. However, as long we want parents’ and educators’ aspects. Two studies are If ’baby-signing’ classes during 0-36 months speeds to distinguish ‘‘cultural psychology’’ from ‘‘cultural presented: (a) the effects on the synchronic interac- language acquisition, children who are native sign- studies’’ we should resist the temptation to simply tions in 14 dyads mothers-babies of medium socio- ers should have earlier and faster vocabulary replace identity (of meaning and of self) with economical level were studied, during three mea- acquisition than their non-signing peers. In a new plurality. ‘‘Dialogicality’’ calls for a decentered, surements with a Grid to analyze early interactions. study on deaf and hearing children’s first signs but not erased concept of self as participant in The differences in visual, tactile and vocal interac- reported through a British Sign Language version culture. of the MacArthur CDI we found no speeded sign tions are discussed. (b) The effects on the stress level language development. Furthermore hearing chil- in parents and educators of children from social risk dren of deaf parent’s first signs appear at the same Agency, style, and tradition families were studied with the Parent Stress Index, age as deaf children’s first signs. Observations from Baerfeldt, Cor Psychology, University of Alberta, Short Form (PSI-SF), during three measurements. ’baby signing’ are due to the gesture advantage over Edmonton, Canada The results in each group of caregivers are speech and sign and not language development In recent years, the study of discourse has become a discussed. gains. central focus in the cultural psychological study of Wednesday 23rd July 2008 401

self. Yet, for lack of an adequate social ontology, Controlled intake of illegal drugs: A randomized grade 6 to 12 were interviewed concerning their discursive psychologies have failed to provide a controlled trial of a behavioural self-control substance use. 35 schools from different school satisfying account of human agency. This paper training types and districts of Cologne participated. Results: turns to the work of the philosopher Merleau- Ko¨ rkel, Joachim Wissenschaften - Sozialarbeit, Large differences in patterns of substance use Ponty, who in the last part of his life came to Universita¨t fu¨ r Angewandte, Nu¨ rnberg, Germany depending on school type, social background and Becker, Gabi Management, Integrative Drogenhilfe articulate a philosophy of expression and ‘style’ that climate factors were found. It was shown that e.V., Frankfurt on the Main, Germany Happel, Volker could serve as a rich ontological basis for discursive Social Work and Health, University of Applied young people from school type ’’Gymnasium‘‘ in psychology. It is argued that this notion of style Sciences, Frankfurt on the Main, Germany Lipsmeier, favorable districts report higher rates of alcohol and provides a way to reconcile the subject of history Gero Social Work and Health, University of Applied cannabis use. Conclusions: Prevention strategies with the subject of lived experience. Sciences, Frankfurt on the Main, Germany should be individually implemented in the context Objective: To test the effectiveness of the Behavior- of schools and focus more on the identified risk al Self-Control Training (BSCT) ‘‘KISS’’ in redu- group. The co-regulation of feelings as social cement cing drug consumption. Method: 144 intravenous Verheggen, Theo Dept. of Psychologie, Open polydrug addicts were randomly assigned to 12 University Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands KISS sessions or a Waiting List (WL) condition. Ss Evidence based alcohol policy: An oxymoron? From neuropsychology it is known that the human underwent pre-, post-, and six month follow-up- Uhl, Alfred Alkohol Information und Co-ord, Anton- brain has different areas for emotions and feelings assessment (including timeline-follow-back for all Proksch-Institut, Wien, Austria (Damasio, 2003). Emotions and feelings are dis- substances and DSM-IV substance diagnoses). Objectives: To determine whether it is sensible and/ tinguished because the former are directly linked to Results: KISS participants show significantly (p , or possible to base alcohol policy on facts. bodily states whereas the latter leave room for .01) greater reduction in drug intake than WL Methods: Systematic analysis of empirical and reflection or ideation on those states. This idea- controls. Pre-assessment self-efficacy and concomi- theoretical literature concerning evidence based tant methadone maintenance treatment are not tional dimension to feelings allows for manipula- policy development. Results: Speaking logically, predictive. Conclusions: BSCT for controlled drug practical conclusions cannot be derived from facts tion, in the sense that what is felt and how it is felt consumption should be considered as treatment solely. The attempt to do so is termed ‘Naturalistic will partially depend on the group one is a member option for severely dependent drug addicts not able of. It will be argued that being able to express or willing to live abstinent. Fallacy’ in research methodology. The conclusions feelings in concordance with what is considered in the most prominent recent publications on ‘proper’ or ‘right’, is one key skill for group alcohol policy over-simplify the situation from a Heroin assisted treatment in Germany, membership. It takes feeling for social situations Northern European alcohol control perspective. effectiveness and long-term outcome Conclusions: We should increasingly discuss ethical to fit in. That feeling for is learned or trained in Verthein, Uwe Universita¨ t Hamburg, Hamburg, considerations involved in policy building and stop everyday situations, and thereby co-regulated with Germany skilled members of the own group. Ref. Antonio In the first 12 months of the German trial on to camouflage the decisions as inevitable conse- Damasio (2003). Looking for Spinoza. Joy, Sorrow, heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) a stratified rando- quence of evidence. and the feeling brain. Harcourt. mised controlled trial was conducted in order to examine the effectiveness of heroin treatment compared to methadone treatment. Subsequent, a S-282: Learning from multiple Can the meaning of childhood be changed? follow-up period was conducted, to assess the long- documents embedded in new Kleeberg-Niepage, Andrea Psychologie, Freie term effects of HAT. 1,015 patients were included. media Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany The central result indicates a significant superiority Children are positioned as inferior beings within the of heroin treatment over methadone treatment for Marc Stadtler, Rainer Bromme (chair) western discourse on childhood. Adults posses the both primary outcome measures: health and illicit Learners are frequently required to construct power to define a child’s development, to regulate drug use. In the follow up period further improve- meaning in interaction with multiple documents. children’s daily routine (e.g. going to school) and to ments took place, a stabilisation of health and E.g., electronic encyclopaedia or Internet websites ascribe a lower social status to children which is social situation was shown. The results confirm the findings of previous international studies. HAT are used to accomplish learning assignments or to justified with the special need of protection children proves to be successful in the long-term treatment support informed decision making. The skills are supposed to have. The implications of this of severely dependent heroin users. needed to accomplish such tasks clearly go beyond positioning become very obvious when children what is needed in comprehending single and simple themselves object to their inferior status which is documents that have traditionally been investigated the case with working children’s organisations. Management of opioid maintenance therapy in Austria: A recent empirical study in text comprehension research. The symposium These children demand the same rights (i.e. a right Springer, Alfred fu¨ r Suchtforschung, Ludwig brings together researchers that address the crucial to work) as adults have in society. The implications Boltzmann-Institut, Wien, Austria Uhl, Alfred Alkohol question of how readers manage to integrate of this objection for a changed meaning of ‘child- Information und Co-ord, Anton-Proksch-Institut, information across documents and evaluate them hood’ and changed societal power relations will be Wien, Austria in terms of trustworthiness. Thereby, we seek to discussed. Objectives: To determine how the situation of oral synthesize and enhance our knowledge of the maintenance treatment for opiate addicts is per- comprehension of multiple complex documents. ceived by physicians and their clients before stricter S-165: Evidence-based? Criticism regulations concerning the use of slow release of existing and proposal of new morphine as substitution drug are enacted. Meth- The relationship between source evaluation and approaches to prevention and ods: Interview as well as questionnaire based study comprehension of multiple documents involving 176 physicians and 619 of their patients Bra˚ ten, Ivar Dept. of Educational Research, University treatment of addictive behaviors Results: All used substitution medications, i.e. of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Stromso, Helge Institute for Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 methadone, buprenorphine and slow release mor- Educ. Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Joachim Ko¨ rkel (chair) phine have their sound place in the Austrian We addressed whether source evaluation predicts On the basis of existing empirical data the treatment system and are appreciated by physicians comprehension of multiple documents containing symposium will scrutinize that addiction treatment and patients. Conclusions: The newly enacted conflicting information about global warming. and policy are evidence-based (‘‘best practice’’). stricter regulations concerning slow-release mor- After reading, participants rated the trustworthiness Springer reports about attitudes that impede the phine endangers the fragile regional system provid- of sources and the degree to which they had ing maintenance treatment throughout Austria. broad incorporation of opioid maintenance ther- attended to different source features. Hierarchical apy. Based on a RCT Ko¨rkel, Becker, Happel and regression analyses showed that after controlling Lipsmeier endorse the implementation of programs Adolescent substance use in relation to school for prior knowledge, the degree to which readers for self-controlled drug intake. Verthein advocates factors: Results of a local monitoring study trusted information from a research centre and a heroin-assisted treatment for heroin addicts based Klein, Michael Katholische Fachhochschule, Ko¨ ln, government office explained additional variance in Germany Schaunig, Ines Centre of Excellence of on on the results of a multicentre RCT. Klein and comprehension. In step three, the degree to which App, Catholic University of Applied, Cologne, Schaunig call for a subgroups approach in sub- they based their trustworthiness ratings on docu- Germany stance abuse prevention with adolescents based on Objectives: To determine whether adolescent sub- ment type, publisher, and author explained addi- an epidemiological survey. Uhl puts into question stance use varies according to school factors such as tional variance. Thus, different aspects of source the empirical basis of WHO-guidelines on primary level of education, social situation and school evaluation independently predicted the comprehen- prevention of hazardous alcohol consumption. climate. Methods: More than 3770 pupils from sion of multiple documents. 402 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Remembering who said what: Effects of source sophisticated EB on ‘certainty’ learnt more from Is cognitive distraction a real problem? credibility and content consistency the argumentative task, whereas those with naive Carsten, Oliver Institute for Transport Studie, Rouet, Jean-Franc¸ois LMDC, CNRS - University of EB learnt more from summarizing. In a second University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom Poitiers, Poitiers, France Le Bigot, Ludovic LMDC, study, students read two texts provided with a Based on recent studies such as the 100-car study of CNRS - University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France graphical overview depicting the texts structure. naturalistic driving carried out in the U.S., it has Coutieras, Anthony LMDC, CNRS - University of Students with sophisticated EB on ‘justification’ been argued that the only kind of driver distraction Poitiers, Poitiers, France attended the overview for more time at the that causes safety problems is visual distraction. In According to the documents model theory, readers other words non-visual, cognitive distraction is not integrate information from multiple sources by beginning of the reading, which improved their connecting sources and contents through rhetorical comprehension. observed as a precursor to traffic incidents and predicates. We investigated the conditions of source accidents. This paper argues that, although cogni- separation in the memory for complex messages. tive distraction may be harder to identify, it is We presented pairs of messages about everyday S-293: Human-machine-interaction indeed a real problem. It causes different impacts situations. Each message was attributed to a high or (Part III): Human factors in on the driving task, but is clearly identifiable in a low-authority source. Participants were probed transportation systems certain kinds of accidents. It is particularly relevant for source-content connections. It was expected that as a problem for elderly drivers. source-content connections would be stronger in Mark Vollrath (chair) the case of (a) discrepant information across Intelligent transportation systems are increasingly messages within a pair and (b) contrasted levels of Increasing safety may reduce comfort: A dilemma authority within a pair of sources. The experiment introduced in modern vehicles and change the role for advanced driver assistance systems was underway at the time of submitting. and tasks of drivers. Mobile (e.g. nomadic devices) Vollrath, Mark Ingenieurspsychologie, Tech. and stationary (e.g., navigation systems) informa- Universita¨ t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany tion systems contribute to this change. The Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) can How does that fit together? Fostering structural symposium addresses problems and solutions with mapping processes to enhance the integration of increase safety by alerts in dangerous driving regard to the human-machine-interaction in vehi- information across texts situations. Early warnings are required so that the cles. On the one hand, assistance and automation Stadtler, Marc Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t driver has sufficient time to react. However, these Mu¨ nster, Mu¨ nster, Germany Bromme, Rainer may substantially reduce human error. On the other early warnings may annoy the driver. Two studies Psychology Department, University of Muenster, hand, distraction by additional information, system are presented to examine this for lane-keeping Muenster, Germany failures and inadequate warnings may lead to new assistance: a driving simulator and a real driving Readers of multiple online-documents are fre- errors and may reduce acceptance of these systems. study with haptic and acoustic lane-keeping assis- quently required to pay attention to intertextual It will be discussed how to handle these problems tance, respectively. Driving with both ADAS relationships to be able to detect inconsistencies or by way of the design of the human-machine improved lane keeping quality. However, accep- corroborate claims. We tested the hypothesis that interaction. readers’ attention to intertextual relationships can tance of the systems decreased. From the literature, be enhanced by providing them with ontological similar effects are known for Intelligent Speed salient categories along which they can compare Drivers’ mental representation of a traffic Adaptation systems. Adaptation to drivers’ char- documents. 40 students with low prior knowledge situation – Influencing factors acteristics and the driving situation are discussed as read 15 websites that contained conflicting evidence Krems, Josef Allgemeine Psychologie, possible solutions. about a medical topic. Participants were either Psychologisches Institut, Chemnitz, Germany provided with salient ontological categories or Baumann, Martin Allgemeine Psychologie, worked without external support. Results show Psychologisches Institut, Chemnitz, Germany Roesler, The effectiveness of multimodal collision that the availability of ontological categories Diana Allgemeine Psychologie, Psychologisches warnings enhanced knowledge acquisition and the number Institut, Chemnitz, Germany Thu¨ ring, Manfred Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Technische of intertextual references made while thinking Situation awareness refers to the perception and Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Fricke, Nicola aloud. interpretation of the current driving situation. If Institut fu¨ r Psychologie und A, Technische Universita¨t secondary tasks performed while driving impose a Berlin, Berlin, Germany De Filippis, Mo´ nica Institut fu¨r Psychologie und A, Technische Universita¨t Berlin, significant load on visual attention and WM, then Epistemic processing of multiple documents Berlin, Germany Richter, Tobias Psychology Department, University of situation awareness should be impaired. In a first Collision warnings must enable drivers to react experiment we evaluated the visual and WM Cologne, Cologne, Germany swiftly and appropriately to an extreme danger they demand of secondary tasks. In a second experiment Multiple documents dealing with the same issue are yet unaware of. To accomplish this, adequate from different perspectives require comprehenders these evaluations were further investigated in a signals must be chosen which prime them on the to identify and evaluate arguments and to integrate simulator study. The results show that both dangerous object and its relevant features. Empiri- conflicting information into a coherent situation cognitively and visually demanding tasks interfere cal studies suggest that auditory icons as well as model. The present experiments used multiple with the maintenance of a correct situation model in multimodal signals suit these requirements best. documents about science topics to investigate how WM. However, visually demanding tasks do not epistemic processes and their representational out- Nevertheless, it still remains unclear which combi- always seem to interfere with visual perception comes are affected by the order in which the nation of warning features is most effective. To processes. documents are received, the presence of evidential clarify this issue, several combinations were tested markers, and comprehenders’ prior knowledge. The in a driving simulator study in which participants results demonstrate that the ability to construct an Online detection of driver distraction were warned about collision dangers. Results adequate situation model across multiple docu- Blaschke, Christoph Human Factors Institute, ments critically depends on epistemic processes such showed that particular features of warnings were Universita¨ t Bundeswehr, Neubiberg, Germany Fa¨rber, more effective than others. as monitoring incoming information for plausibility Berthold Institut fu¨ r Arbeitswissenscha, Universita¨t Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 and internal consistency. der Bundeswehr Mu¨ n, Neubiberg, Germany Limbacher, Reimund I/EF-56, AUDI AG, Ingolstadt, Driver reactions to correct and false autonomous Effect of epistemological beliefs on processing Germany emergency braking complex documents Distraction is one of the most common reasons for Sommer, Fanny CR/AEH3, Robert Bosch GmbH, Vidal-Abarca, Eduardo Dept. of Psychology, traffic accidents. Although much is known about Stuttgart, Germany Engeln, Arnd CR/AEH3, Robert University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Gil, Laura the mental processes of distraction, there are only a Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany Psychology Department, University of Valencia, few attempts to build up a system which is able to To adequately design autonomous emergency Valencia, Spain Salmeron, Lalo Psychology detect distraction online. To define functional braking systems, knowledge is required about the Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain requirements and find out easy measurable indica- driver reactions that are provoked by such vehicle Bra˚ten, Ivar Institute for Educ. Research, University of tors an experiment in a real driving scenario was interventions in correct and false braking scenarios. Oslo, Oslo, Norway Strømsø, Helge Institute for Educ. conducted. Meanwhile behavioural data from the Tests were conducted at test sites in September/ Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway steering wheel, pedals and an eye-tracking system October 2007 to investigate these driver reactions. In two experiments we studied the effect of reader’s The tests included correct and false autonomous epistemological beliefs (EB) on the on-line proces- were synchronously captured. Based on these data sing of complex documents. In the first study, the potential to recognize a distracted driver of each braking scenarios. CAN bus data and subjective undergraduate students read various texts on measured signal was examined, which can serve as ratings were collected. Results from the driver climate change, to either summarizing them or good basis for a technical driver-attention-detec- reactions in correct and false braking scenarios will writing an argumentative essay. Students with tion-system. be presented and discussed. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 403

FP-169: Occupational health Staff at 13 universities were surveyed in 2000 and Objective: Diagnosis of prosopagnosia is generally promotion 2003/04. After the 2000 survey, interventions were established by in-depth testing with standardized recommended to improve employee well-being. In test batteries for visual cognition. As these time- 2003/04, staff were asked whether their university consuming tests are not suitable for large scale Mental health problems in a large German had undertaken any stress-reduction measures screening, a questionnaire based screening was teacher population and effects of a prevention among its employees since the 2000 survey. introduced. Methods: At 2 Chinese universities programm Hierarchical regression analyses compared data 2,000 questionnaires with a five-point-rating scale Zimmermann, Linda Psychosomatische Medizin, from longitudinal participants (N = 872) answering for 21 test items regarding facial and object Universita¨ tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ‘yes’ or ‘no/don’t know’. Those answering positively recognition were distributed. Those students with Unterbrink, Thomas Psychosomatische Medizin, scored lower on psychological strain and higher on the highest scores were then invited for diagnostic Universita¨ tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany job satisfaction, organizational commitment, trust interview. Results and Conclusions: When starting Pfeifer, Ruth Psychosomatische Medizin, in senior management, and procedural fairness than with the highest scores, every 2nd student was a Universita¨ tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany those answering negatively. We conclude that prosopagnosic. Among a total of 40 students who Wirsching, Michael Psychosomatische Medizin, perceived organizational support in implementing scored above 2 S.D. more than 1/4 (n=11, 27.5%) Universita¨ tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany interventions is linked to improved well-being and were prosopagnosics. Bauer, Joachim Psychosomatische Medizin, organizational attitudes. Universita¨ tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany We applied several inventories (GHQ, SCL, MBI, Memory systems during transient global Effort- Reward- Imbalance Questionnaire) in order Stages-of-change in occupational health amnesia to analyze the professional burden and mental promotion Marin, Eugenia Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad health in 949 German teachers and 293 student Hinrichs, Stephan Institute of Psychology, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Ruiz Vargas, teachers. Our results indicate high rates of mental of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Wilde, Barbara Jose´ Marı´a Psicologı´a Ba´ sica, Facultad de Psicologı´a health problems (e.g., 29.8% of teachers showed Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, (UAM), Madrid, Spain values beyond the GHQ cutoff of >=4). A Freiburg, Germany Bahamondes Pavez, Carolina The aim of this study was to analyze the functioning regression analysis showed that, among a large Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, of different memory systems during Transient number of potential influencing factors, adverse Freiburg, Germany Schu¨ pbach, Heinz Institute of Global Amnesia (TGA). Twenty TGA patients events such as aggressive pupil behaviour had the Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, and twenty healthy volunteers, matched by age and Germany strongest impact on health parameters in teachers. educational level, were assessed with a broad Occupational health promotion often fails because Teachers who took part in an intervention program battery of memory tests. The functioning of of inadequate interventions. This study examined (CRT, 10 sessions of a manualized group program) episodic, semantic, perceptual representation, and whether employees’ readiness to modify health responded with a significant improvement on working memory systems was evaluated. Results behavior in the workplace depends on the current revealed that episodic, semantic, and perceptual several health- related parameters. stage-of-change (precontemplation, contemplation, representation systems were significantly affected action, maintenance) of the individual employee. A during the amnesic episode. Only short-term work- questionnaire was used to measure the current Workplace wellness programs: Investigating the ing memory, among the systems evaluated, was stage-of-change of employees and their readiness to applicability of self-determination theory and spared. Our results suggest that both explicit and modify health behaviour. As expected, stages-of- achievement goal theory implicit retrieval could be affected during TGA change predict readiness for behavior modification. O’Connor, Christine School of Business, University of episodes. Ballarat, Ballarat, Australia The results show that stages-of-change should be Due to high costs associated with work-time-lost recognized as an important factor for occupational linked to injury and ill health, many companies now health promotion. Companies should use target Neuropsychological features of pathological offer workplace wellness program to their staff. The group-specific strategies for planning health promo- gambling aim of this research is to examine two well known tion programs in the workplace. Timpano Sportiello, Marco Psychiatry, University of motivational theories, self-determination theory Pisa, Pisa, Italy Conversano, Ciro Psychiatry, and achievement goal theory, and investigate their Professional deformations in heads of University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Masini, Matteo applicability to the domain of workplace wellness educational institutions and their prevention Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy programs. 328 surveys were collected from two Bondarchuk, Olena Dept. of Psychology, Central Inst. Pathological gambling is a nosographic category, organisations with wellness programs. Results after Pedagog., Kiev, Ukraine object of many disputes; that is whether it belongs showed that more intrinsically motivated indivi- Objectives. To find out professional deformations to impulse-control disorders or to obsessive-com- duals scored higher on measures of competence and in heads of educational institutions and ways of pulsive spectrum. Recently the role played by autonomy, providing support for the tenets of SDT their prevention. Methods. The investigation was frontal functioning in this disease has been often but only partial support was found for the proposed done on a sample of 215 heads of educational stressed. Twenty-seven subjects suffering from relationship between SDT and achievement goal institutions using a specially developed question- pathological gambling have been examined by a theory. Further research is discussed. naire. Results. 67% of the respondents were found wide-spectrum neuropsychological battery of ex- to be professionally deformed and had the follow- ecutive functioning tests; that is WSCT, Gambling ing deformation components: 1) intolerance and task, PM38, Towers of London, Trail Making Test, Stress management means and recreation during aggression (23%); 2) self-sufficiency and slow down Verbal Judgments Test, Verbal Fluency Test work hours in office work environment of professional and individual development, exter- (Phonetic and Semantic) and Stroop Colour Test. Kuznetsova, Alla Faculty of Psychology, Moscow nal locus of control (36%); 3) fixation on a Results show abnormal performances in impulse State University, Moscow, Russia manager’s position and expansion of responsibil- inhibition skill and verbal abstraction, whereas The aim of the empirical study - estimation of ities beyond the professional competence (41%). selective attention and planning appear intact. stress-management means’ and recreation proce- Conclusions. A considerable number of the respon- dures’ effects on mental states (MS) in office dents are professionally deformed which calls for a Comparison of cognitive disorders in environment. 300 employees were involved. Meth- development of a special deformation prevention

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms ods: the multilevel technology of job analysis, course. including the stress factors inventory; subjective and patients with unipolar andogen psychotic evaluation of MS was measured by the well-being, depression acute fatigue and state anxiety scales; coping FP-170: Neuropsychology II Rahimi Taghanaki, Changiz Clinical Psychology, strategies inventory was used, and the special Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran checklist for investigation of recreation means. A powerful questionnaire-based screening tool We examined whether cognitive disorders related to frontal lobe dysfunctions are specific to schizo- The results show the different effects of applied for congenital prosopagnosia phrenia. 37 schizophrenic patients with negative stress-management means on MS dynamics as well Kennerknecht, Ingo Human Genetics, Westfa¨ lische symptoms and 27 andogen psychotic depressives as work efficiency: the means targeted directly to Wilhelms Univ., Mu¨ nster, Germany Wang, Hui Social completed a series of cognitive tests related to the required mental state’ achievement are the most Science Department, Chang Chun Taxation College, frontal lobe disorders. T test showed that Schizo- effective. Chang Chun, People’s Republic of China Elze, Tobias Institute for Mathematics, Max Planck Institute, phrenic patients had significantly more problems Leipzig, Germany Welling, Brigitte Human Genetics, than depressives only on Stroop (P,0.01) and Stress-reduction interventions: Perceived Westfa¨ lische Wilhelms Universi, Mu¨ nster, Germany verbal fluency test (P,0.001), but not on WCST organizational support in Australian universities Wong, Virginia Department of Pediatrics, The and Turm von Hanoi. It seems such disorders could Pignata, Silvia Dept. of Psychology, University of University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s be seen in any other psychotic disorder. Probably South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Winefield, Republic of China Liu, Jia Cognitive Neuroscience, the cognitive disorders in schizophrenia are related Anthony Psychology, University of South Australia, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic to other factors like the severity of clinical Adelaide, Australia of China symptoms in the patients. 404 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Gingko biloba extract (especially EGb 761H)in Subcortical responses to colour and luminance in Task-induced deactivation of the prefrontal and cognitive ageing: Specificity of the human visual system as revealed by high- parietal areas in the monkey: A PET study neuropsychological improvement resolution functional imaging at 7T Watanabe, Masataka of Neuroscience - Psychology, Kaschel, Reiner Geriatrische Neuropsychologie, Gru¨ schow, Marcus Attention & Awareness, Max- Tokyo Metropol Institute, Tokyo, Japan Kojima, Universita¨t Osnabru¨ ck, Osnabru¨ ck, Germany Planck-Institut, Leipzig, Germany Stadler, Jo¨rg Non- Takashi Psychology, Tokyo Metropol Inst Neurosci, Objective: To review the physiological changes Invasive Imaging Lab, IfN, Magdeburg, Germany Tokyo, Japan Hikosaka, Kazuo Sensory Science, underlying the clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba. Tempelmann, Claus Neurology II, Otto-von-Guericke Kawasaki Univ Medical Welfare, Tokyo, Japan Methods: We selected randomized controlled trials University, Magdeburg, Germany Heinze, Hans- Tsutsui, Kenichiro Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku Jochen Neurology II, Otto-von-Guericke University, Univ, Sendai, Japan Tsukada, Hideo Central Research reporting specific neuropsychological changes. Ef- Magdeburg, Germany Rieger, Jochem Neurology II, Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, fects in different cognitive domains are listed using Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany Japan Onoe, Hirotaka Functional Probe Research Lab, a widely accepted taxonomy that further distin- Speck, Oliver Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, RIKEN Frontier System, Kobe, Japan guishes dissociable aspects within domains. Results: Experimental Physics, Magdeburg, Germany Haynes, Human imaging studies have well documented that The broadest database was available for EGb 761H, John-Dylan Large Scale Brain Signals, BCCN, Berlin, several brain areas are less active during the which shows most pronounced effects in speed- Germany cognitive task performance than during the resting Here we investigated subcortical responses to related components of working and long-term state. To examine whether similar task-induced colour and luminance stimuli in the human visual deactivation is observed in the monkey brain, we memory. Qualitative aspects of performance (e.g. system. We recorded responses using ultra-high- conducted a PET study. We compared brain error reduction) are improved in different domains. field high-resolution functional imaging at 7T activity of the monkey during the working memory Conclusion: These findings are compatible with (resolution 1.38x1.38x1.5mm, TR=1s). Visual sti- task performance with that during the resting state. actions on a basic physiological level. Most During the task performance, medial and lateral muli were hemifield-checkerboards modulated beneficial effects are exerted on neuropsychological prefrontal, anterior and posterior cingulate, and along two directions in cone-contrast-space with functions usually affected by aging. precuneus areas were less active than during the four contrast levels each. Monotonically increasing resting state. Thus, task-induced deactivation was contrast response functions were obtained for observed in the monkey in similar brain areas as Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761H on colour and luminance stimuli in LGN and superior observed in the human. cognition and quality of life in subjects with very colliculus. The LGN was driven more strongly by mild cognitive impairment luminance than colour contrast. The gain of Hoerr, Robert Clinical Research Department, Dr. FP-172: Metacognition, emotion, Willmar Schwabe Pharma, Karlsruhe, Germany luminance responses was sufficient for separating Grass-Kapanke, Brigitte Psychogeriatrisches magno- and parvo-cellular subdivisions of the and problem-solving Zentrum, Alexianer-Krankenhaus Krefeld, Krefeld, LGN. Thus, subcortical visual processing can be Germany Tribanek, Michael Clinical Research studied non-invasively in the human brain. ‘‘Learn to Think’’ Project (LTP): Introducing a Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe Pharma, Karlsruhe, systematic thinking cultivation curriculum Germany Kaschel, Reiner Geriatric Neuropsychology, Hu, Weiping Educational Science Academy, Shanxi University of Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany Attending or ignoring similar and dissimilar Normal University, Linfen, People’s Republic of China Objective: To assess effects of EGb 761H on faces: Neural face selection in the visual stream Han, Qin Educational Science Academy, Shanxi cognition and quality of life in subjects with very and Fusiform Face Area (FFA) Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, People’s Republic mild cognitive impairment. Methods: We rando- Jansma, Bernadette M. Faculty of Psychology, of China Zhang, Lei Educational Science Academy, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, People’s mized 296 subjects with cognitive complaints and Gentile, Francesco Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht Republic of China Shan, Xinxin Educational Science low functioning in at least one cognitive test to University, Maastricht, Netherlands Academy, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, double-blind treatment with 240 mg EGb 761H or We investigated selection of relevant faces among People’s Republic of China Shi, Quanzhen placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Results: The others and tested ‘‘biased competition’’ as a Educational Science Academy, Shanxi Normal intention-to-treat analysis showed significant im- selection mechanism in FFA. We displayed pairs University, Linfen, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China ‘‘Learn to Think’’ Project is a serious of training provements (p,0.05) beyond placebo effects for of pictures that either were similar (high competi- curriculum intended to help students develop ability EGb 761H in measures of memory (recall and tion) or dissimilar (low competition) in perceptual to think critically and creatively. The curriculum is recognition), attention and perceived physical features. Participants either ignored both or designed for primary and secondary school stu- health. Cognitive effects were more pronounced in attended one of the pictures in a 3T-fMRI dents. Each grade, from first to eighth, has an subjects with lower baseline function. Conclusion: blocked-design experiment. Next to an expected activity manual detailing instructions for 18 activ- EGb 761H improves cognitve function in very mild attention effect (BOLD-%-signal change attentio- ities and/or exercises specific to thinking skills cognitive impairment. n>ignore in V1-V4-FFA, left/right), we observed a involving observation, problem finding, concrete similarity effect in the ignore condition (dissim- and abstract thinking, problem solving, and crea- tive thinking. We started our experiment since 2003. ilar>similar in V4-VP-FFA, right/left), which was FP-171: Neuroimaging There are more than 100 thousands students reversed in the attend condition (similar>dissimilar participated in the experiment. Preliminary results Study of local alterations in blood circulation of in V4 and VP, left). The results seem in line with strongly indicated that the curriculum has very the brain in anxious patients before and after biased competition and attentional load theories. significant impact for all grades on thinking ability, cognitive group therapy through radio isotopic creativity, problem finding ability, learning motiva- studies in SPECT method in Taleghani Hospital, Imitation learning of nursing actions: A NIRS tion and study method, and academic performance. Tehran study with students and teacher Bahrainian, Seyyed Abdolmajid Psychology, Shaheed Saito, Hirofumi Nagoya, Japan Sshiraishi, Tomoko of The effectiveness of mindfulness training in Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Nursing and Health, Aichi Prefectural College, Neshandar, Issa Psychology, Shaheed Beheshti mental health promotion in the community Nagoya, Japan Ito, Hiroshi Graduate School of Yu, Nicky K.K. Dept. of Psychology, Chinese Univ. of University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Information, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Oi, Abstract: Although anxiety is a factor of motiva- Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : Misato Graduate School of Information, Nagoya Hong Kong SAR Mak, Winnie W.S. Department of tion, When extending beyond necessary, it becomes University, Nagoya, Japan Psychology, The Chinese University of HK, Hong a factor of disorder in behavioral system. Methods:. Using 48 channel near-infrared spectroscopy, we Kong, China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR In the present study the method of single photon measured the cortical activation in nursing students The effectiveness of a five-day mindfulness retreat emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used and their teacher while they observed and imitated conducted in Hong Kong in May 2007 was on patients with anxiety for the first time in Iran, in videotaped nursing actions under two conditions: assessed. Based on 191 participants, results showed Taleghani hospital. The research is quasi –experi- with or without a patient (P+, P-). The concentra- significant increases in the awareness of mind- mental with pretest and post-test with a single tion changes in oxyHb in nursing students and the fulness, use of adaptive metacognitive plans, empathy, self actualization, use of cognitive coping group, and devices such as: Self Assessment Anxiety teacher in the P+ condition showed a significant methods, and decreases in symptoms of depression, Scale, single photon Emission computed tomogra- correlation in Broadman’s Area 6, but did not in anxiety, and stress. Findings support the effective- phy (SPECT), diagnosis by psychiatrists, and by the P- condition. The results suggest that the ness of using mindfulness to reduce psychological clinical psychologists. Findings: There was a mean- existence of a patient induces the upcoming distress in non-therapeutic setting. Possible me- ingful difference between the amount of blood in action(s) and modulates the students’ action plans chanisms of mindfulness were also tested with the left frontal lobe before and after group therapy. to imitate the teacher’s. partial support in the study. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 405

Use of metacognitive strategies in high and low commitment to their own standpoint, which re- Two studies analyze the cognitive antecedents and critical thinking performance: A think-aloud sulted in increased confirmatory information pro- social functions of moral emotions. Autobiographi- study cessing. In sum, the impact of ego-depletion on cal recollections of moral actor emotions and moral Ku, Kelly Yee Lai Dept. of Psychology, University of confirmatory information search seems to be more observer emotions were generated by semi-structur- Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : motivational rather than cognitive in nature. al interviews, and analyzed by means of ANOVAs Hong Kong SAR and multiple regressions. As dependent variables, We examined the role of metacognitive strategies in participants assessed Heider’s (1958) concepts of critical thinking. A total of 138 Chinese under- FP-173: Moral emotions ought (normative information), goal attainment, graduates were assessed on verbal-cognitive ability, and trying, as well as hedonic quality, motivational critical thinking disposition, and critical thinking Antecedents of moral emotions: An analysis impact on self-regulation, and regulative social performance using Halpern’s Critical Thinking guided by Heider’s naive action analysis functions (e.g., reward vs. punishment). Results Assessment Using Everyday Scenarios (HCTAES). Rudolph, Udo Inst. fur Psychologie, Techn. provide strong evidence for a comprehensive Subsequently ten participants with comparable Universita¨ t Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany classification of moral emotions in terms of cognitive ability and critical thinking disposition Angermann, Nadine Institut fur Psychologie, TU Heider’s naive action analysis and are discussed but with different levels of critical thinking perfor- Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany Schulz, Katrin Institut with respect to evolutionary explanations of moral mance (five scoring high and five scoring low on the fur Psychologie, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany emotions. HCTAES) were retested on thinking tasks with In two studies, the cognitive antecedents of moral think-aloud procedures. Results indicated that emotions are analyzed by means of Heider’s (1958) The psychology of sperm donation: Implications good critical thinkers used more planning, mon- concepts of ought (i.e., normative information), for donor recruitment itoring, and evaluation strategies. Implications for goal attainment and trying. In both studies, Riggs, Damien School of Psychology, South Australia, theory development and enhancement of critical participants evaluated situations characterized by Australia thinking are discussed. different combinations of these concepts. As Objectives: Little research has been conducted on dependent variables, participants reported whether sperm donor’s experiences in Australia. This project they experience moral observer emotions (admira- aimed to explore the ways in which men who act as Emotion and problem solving: A contribution tion, anger, contempt, disgust, envy, indignation, sperm donors negotiate their identities in regards to Cle´ ment, Evelyne Laboratoire Psy.Co (EA 1780), jealousy, pride, respect, Schadenfreude, and sym- their own families, the families to whom they Universite´ de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, pathy) and moral actor emotions (embarrassment, donate, and their own sense of self. Methods: France guilt, pride, regret, and shame). ANOVAS reveal Individual interviews were undertaken with men in The present study addresses the effects of failures that Heider’s concepts explain impressive amounts South Australia. Results: A discursive analysis of and successes encountered over the course of a of variance in the emotion ratings. Furthermore, the interviews highlights the complex range of problem on physiological and expressive compo- cluster analyses confirm that the respective moral emotions that shape men’s experiences of sperm nents of emotion. Nineteen female participants emotions map into theoretically meaningful clus- donation. Conclusions: The results provide clear were asked to solve the five-disks version of the ters. Tower of Hanoi problem. The spontaneous skin implications for the recruitment of sperm donors in conductance activity and the facial expressions were Australia and the further development of guidelines recorded without interruption during the problem- Why are we grateful? Pharmacy bonus for ethical practice. solving activity. The specific patterns of emotional experiment manifestations observed during the impasses and Szczesniak, Malgorzata Dept. of Psychology, Catholic The relation of shame with anger, hostility, the subgoals achievements are interpreted within University Lublin, Lublin, Poland Zaleski, Zbigniew physical and verbal aggression between collage the framework of the Appraisal Theories and are Dept. of Psychology, Catholic University Lublin, students in Tehran discussed as reflecting the implication of emotion in Lublin, Poland Pourshahriari, Mahsima Dept. of Psychology, Alzahra a goal-oriented activity such as problem-solving. Gratitude is a common emotion that an individual University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran may experience towards a benefactor. In a phar- The relation of shame, anger, aggression and macy-based real-life experiment and its paper-and- Visual imagery and problem solving: Does hostility has been the focus of considerable pencil version it was shown that the larger the gift theoretical discussion, but empirical funding has affective states have any role to play (50% discount on the price of a mediaction vs. 15%) Singh, Tushar Department of Psychology, Allahabad been inconsistent. Two hundred and seventy under- and the greater the effort of the donor (money graduate students of Tehran universities have been University, Allahabad, India earned through personal work vs. money received Two experimental studies were carried out to chosen according to a multi-stage cluster sampling. from a wealthy company) then the stronger the The self - conscious Affect Test and the Buss-Perry explore the effect of affective states and imagery gratitude from the recipient. The study provides ability on participants’ judgment about the useful- aggression Questionnaire have been used. The evidence that gratitude is positively associated with results of seven hypothesis considered Indicated ness of imagery in problem solving. A 2 * 2 (high moral and religious values, emotional intelligence, and low imagery ability * positive and negative that there were a significant relation between extraversion and agreeableness, while being nega- shame, anger, hostility and aggression in both affective state) factorial design was used for the tively related to hedonistic values and neuroticism. study. In the first study affective states were sexes. There were also a positive significant The results are discussed within the attributional difference between hostility and all other variables generated using narrative method and In the second theory. study participants’ success and failure on problem in The study except verbal aggression. Key words: solving task resulted in positive and negative shame, hostility, anger, aggression, sex. affective states. Results showed affective states is Moral sphere development in pre-school age particularly important when it is generated from the Sharkova, Svitlana Dept. of Foreign Languages, FP-174: Human resources and job feeling of success or failure. National Metallurgical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, performance Ukraine The specific objective of our study is to research Self-regulation and selective exposure: The moral sphere development in pre-school age and the Reversals in performance evaluation: A range impact of depleted self-regulation resources on factors that influence child’s moral choice. Two theory perspective Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 confirmatory information processing groups of children (4-5 and 5-6 years old) were Wong, Kin Fai Ellick Management of Organizations, Fischer, Peter School of Psychology, University of suggested eight different situations and the results HKUST, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : Exter, Exeter, United Kingdom Greitemeyer, Tobias of the interview revealed the importance of aspects Hong Kong SAR Kwong, Jessica Y.Y. Marketing, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, connected with emotional and intellectual sphere CUHK, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : United Kingdom Frey, Dieter Inst. fu¨r development in moral choice. E.g., sometimes Macao SAR Ng, Carmen K. Management of Sozialpsychology, Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, children were intent to use their intellect in order Organizations, HKUST, Hong Kong, China, People’s Germany to break moral standards and to hide it. As a Republic of : Macao SAR The present research investigates the impact of self- conclusion we suggest the approaches to improve This paper examines preference reversals in perfor- regulation resources on confirmatory information child’s ability to -regulate his/her own emotions, - mance evaluation (i.e., one ratee is preferred in one evaluation and search. Four studies employing understand causative factors and others. condition and the other one is preferred in the other different decision cases consistently found that condition, although all relevant performance in- individuals with depleted self-regulation resources formation is identical in the two conditions). exhibited a stronger tendency for confirmatory Why do I feel so bad?: Autobiographical Results from three studies showed that the information processing than non-depleted indivi- recollections of moral emotions perceived difference in performance between two duals. Alternative explanations for this effect based Schulz, Katrin Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Techn. ratees was greater when the information was on processes of ego-threat, cognitive load, and Universita¨ t Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany presented in a narrow range than in a wide range mood could be ruled out. Mediational analyses Angermann, Nadine Institut fuer Psychologie, TU context. This range effect led to evaluation reversals suggested that individuals with depleted self-regula- Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany Rudolph, Udo Institut when evaluating two ratees with tradeoffs between tion resources experienced increased levels of fuer Psychologie, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany performance attributes across ratees. This pattern 406 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

did not occur when global range information was integrating leadership with knowledge management Physical activities for senior citizens: An analysis presented. and human resource practices. of the impacts resulting from the project Academia da Cidade in Camaragibe Santos, Azenildo Educac¸a˜o Fı´sica, Faculdade Performance in low-quality jobs Effects of job attitudes and identity resources on Maurı´cio de Nassau, Recife, Brazil Menezes, Vilde Bayona, Jaime Andre´s Social Psychology, University intentions of professional maintenance among Educac¸a˜o Fı´sica, Universidade do Porto, Recife, Brazil of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain women and men in non traditional careers Our objective was to analyze the impacts resulting Low-quality employment is an area that has not Vonthron, Anne-Marie De´ pt. de Psychologie, from physical activities in open spaces in the city, been sufficient studied by the Work-Organizational Universite´ Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France Becker, conducting documentary analysis, semi-structured Psychology (WOP) despite around 30% of the Maja De´partement de Psychologie, Universite´ interviews and focal groups. The results: 1) Civic world labour force work under these conditions. Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France Lagabrielle, Christine and grassroot participation is a fundamental This study reviews the usefulness of the traditional De´ partement de Psychologie, Universite´ Bordeaux 2, element and is relevant in the qualification process; methods and indicators used by WOP to measure Bordeaux, France Pouchard, Dominique CROP, AFPA, 2) Public users there were a 39% reduction in the the performance in the low-quality job population BEGLES, France use of medication, a 72% increase in people’s (especially for workers outside formal organiza- This research examined the effects of job attitudes physical well-being; and 86% increase in the sense tions). A comparison is made using subjective and (job satisfaction, organizational and trade affective of belonging and happiness. Conclusions: a) Civic objective measures of job performance at the commitment) and of identity resources (job self- and grassroot participation is fundamental in the organizational, group and individual level. Results efficacy, perception of gender identity conflict) on structuring and control of policies: b) There is a showed the need to adjust the job-performance intentions of current job maintenance and of trade growing awareness of the concept of healthy assessment methodology for this population. Im- communities. plications for employability and social policies will maintenance. A survey was conducted among 131 be discussed. women and 61 men (in male versus female- dominated occupations). Regression analyses Mind, body, environment: An integrative approach A measure of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and showed that the intention of staying in the current job was more influenced by the perception of the Imamichi, Tomoaki Environmental Psychology, City its relationship with work performance, work University of New York, Hoboken, USA well-being and social well-being job context among men than among women. The This project attempts an integrative approach by Siu, Oi-Ling Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan intention of staying within the trade was more examining destination marathon runners, whose University, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : affected by the perception of personal identity activity highlights and integrates mental, physical Hong Kong SAR resources among women than among men. and environmental components that need to be This paper aimed to develop and validate a PsyCap successfully negotiated. This project also attempts measure (Luthans, 2002), and examine its relation- to resolve the apparent paradox of a leisure activity ships with outcomes. Data were collected among FP-175: Human-environment done for fun and pleasure, taken seriously and health care workers in Hong Kong and PRC by a interaction involving pain. The integrative approach includes longitudinal survey (N = 773 & 287 respectively). quantitative and qualitative measures, investigating The results obtained by CFA supported a 22-item how participants have rated their experiences, and Lighting for effect: A cross-cultural comparison of PsyCap scale measuring: self-efficacy, optimism, why participants have rated their experiences that the influence of types of light in spiritual and hope, and resiliency. Hierarchical regression ana- way. In addition to theoretical and methodological secular environments lyses showed that PsyCap (Wave 1) predicted better merits, this project hopes to shed light on personal Augustin, Sally PlaceCoach, Inc., Holland, USA work performance (job performance, injuries at and environmental factors contributing to satisfy- Physical environments have a profound effect on work), better work well-being (job satisfaction, ing and meaningful experiences. physical/psychological symptoms), and better social human experience, both directly and through well-being (work-life balance, quality of life) (Wave nonverbal communication. The psychological in- 2). The construct and criterion validity of PsyCap fluences of daylight and artificial light on people in FP-176: Learning in groups were demonstrated. contemporary spiritual and secular spaces was Can advanced digital video technologies support investigated cross-culturally via in-person inter- group knowledge processes in complex Relation of general aptitudes and job views of individuals of varied religious orientations collaborative design tasks? performance in Saipa car company and national cultures, site visits, and content Zahn, Carmen Knowledge Media Res. Center, Oreyzi, Hamid Reza Pschology, Isfahan University, analysis of relevant visual and written materials. Tu¨ bingen, Germany Hesse, Friedrich W. Institut fu¨r Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Amiri, A. tehran, This investigation revealed that experiencing day- Wissensmedien, Tu¨ bingen, Germany Pea, Roy SCIL, Saipa car company, iran, Islamic Republic of Iran light has a similar expansive effect in both spiritual Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Rosen, Joe Moradi, A. tehran, Saipa car company, iran, Islamic and secular settings. Conversely, current modes of SCIL, Stanford University, Stanford, CA., USA Republic of Iran Golparvar, Mohsen psychology, The research to be presented here relates to the use of artificial light have more variable influence Khorasgan University, iran, Islamic Republic of Iran affordances of digital media and their possible Job performance of 300 personnel in saipa car on mood and symbolic attributions. Designers must implicit impacts on cognitive processing and group company was obtained as an archival data. Rela- consider these diverse effects to optimize place discussions during knowledge construction. In an tion between general aptitudes which measure by design. experiment (N=24 dyads), we investigated effects of GATB and performance was significant. Multiple using an advanced digital video technology as a regression analysis show significant relation be- cognitive tool supporting the accomplishment of a Linking place attachment with social identity tween certain combination of aptitudes and job collaborative ’visual design’ task. Two conditions orientation: An examination of the relationship performance. Recommendations based on findings were compared, one with activity support by an between place attachment, social identity presented. advanced video tool, one control condition using a orientation and integration to city comparably simple technology. Results revealed Karakus, Pelin Dept. of Social Psychology, Ege significant effects concerning design strategies,

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Approaches to developing human capital in University, Izmir, Turkey Go¨ regenli, Melek Social individual knowledge test scores and skills transfer. manufacturing industries Psychology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey Practical implications for computer-supported Muthuraj, Birasnav Management Studies, IIT The general purpose of the study was to investigate learning at school are discussed. Roorkee, Roorkee, India Rangnekar, Santosh the relations between attachment and social identity Management Studies, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India orientation as related to city integration. The study Emphasizing human capital development strategies Impact of culture, personality and digital media was carried out by a field research with a sample of makes modern organizations being different from on the virtual classroom 237 participants. The Urban-Identity Scale (Lalli, the last millennium organizations. The purpose of Hogg, Jerri Lynn Communication Management, Bay this paper is to explore the extent to which 1992), The Aspects of Identity Questionnaire Path College, West Hartford, USA manufacturing industries give importance to identi- (Cheek, Trop, Chen & Underwood, 1994) and Language, culture, and personality play a signifi- fied factors influencing human capital creation other concerned scales were used in order to collect cant role in communication and learning behaviors. practices with reference to a survey conducted data. The results revealed significantly different The study examined the impact of culture, person- among 70 Indian companies. The survey question- place attachment levels depending on the living ality types, and digital media preference on the naire comprises of these factors classified under area. The main conclusion of the study is the social virtual classroom. A group of African American human resource practices, leadership, and knowl- college students were given the MMPI-2, a demo- edge management. This paper finds that leadership identity orientation is a significant predictor of the graphic information assessment, and an electronic styles and appraising performance play a leading place attachment level. The group who has a higher communication survey. Results indicate that certain role in human capital development. Companies level of social identity orientation has a higher place technologies can facilitate learning and remove take major efforts to create such capital by attachment. some communication barriers across cultures and Wednesday 23rd July 2008 407

personality types. I will demonstrate that, aided whereby intense classroom observations, classroom whereas in role-congruent situations this effect is with this knowledge, educators can plan more discourse and dialogic discussions with teachers and significantly smaller. 285 students evaluated 16 effective ways to utilize technology to reach out to pupils were gathered. Microgenetic analyses of person descriptions varying on status, gender, and various groups. transcripts revealed four typology of mediation gender-typicality of behavior. Findings support our that emerged from the data: environmental media- second hypothesis and yield contradictory results tion, cognitive mediation, affective mediation and Does participation in groups problem solving concerning the first hypothesis indicating that for metacognitive mediation (i.e. ECAM model of setting influence individual learning? mediation). female leaders the gender role but for male Lepage, Beatriz Los Chaguaramos, Centr. University subordinates the status role becomes salient. of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela Results of a current study applying this paradigm This study examines instructional design model FP-177: Gender issues to job-interview-situations are presented. based on cooperative learning focused on the link between cognitive and social processes. Teachers Distribution of domestic tasks and its perceived and students from different programs are involved fairness: A cross-cultural analysis Ambivalent sexism in Roman Catholic Poland: in solve community problems and sharing naive Toth, Katalin Social Psychology, University of where values and equality conflict and academic knowledge. Results indicated that Nevada, Reno, Reno, USA Pietrzak, Janina Faculty of Psychology, University of 60% of the participants showed cooperative beha- The present study examined the cultural effects on Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland viors, 25% presented and solved problems without the relationship between domestic tasks’ distribu- The subjective positivity associated with being the significant social involvement in cooperative solu- tion and its perceived fairness. Married people from target of benevolent sexism appears far removed the 2002 ISSP were selected. Hofstede’s individual- tions, and 15% showed no interest in solving the from traditional views of sexism as a negative, problems. This framework has respect for partici- ism indices were added. Multilevel modeling was devaluing attitude towards women. Benevolent pant’s backgrounds, a belief in skills success of all used to analyze two-level variables – cultural and participants, learning as a social process, and individual variables. Results showed that the higher sexism beliefs, however, are based in values that learning as an active and constructive process of the level of individualism the bigger the differences promote and perpetuate gender inequality in knowledge acquisition between wives’ level of perceived fairness and society. In Poland, many of these positive attributes husbands’ level of perceived fairness, women always of womanhood are emphasized and encouraged by perceiving the division of labor as less fair, even the Roman Catholic Church, an institution that Behavioral strategies of pupils with high levels of when both contributed equally. In conclusion, anxiety in the situation of the group interaction dismisses hostile sexist attitudes while being char- culture alone and in interaction with individual acterized by strict inequality between the sexes. The Nechaeva, Raisa Psychology, State University HSE, characteristics affected people’s perception of tasks’ studies (Study 1: correlational, Study 2: priming) Moscow, Russia Skatova, Anna Psychology, distribution fairness. Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia presented here investigate the relationships between Anxiety predicts low performance in the variety of religion, values and ambivalent sexism. educational domains (Sarason, 1960). We aimed to When Laura and Lukas learn: Stereotype threat study the relationship between anxiety and behavior and processes of knowledge acquisition in group discussion. 55 high-school students com- Appel, Markus Bildung und Psychologie, Universita¨t Stereotype threat, intellectual performance and pleted MAS (Taylor, 1953) and participated in Linz, Linz, Austria Kronberger, Nicole Education and affirmative action in Brazil discussion. We found that both pupils, who Psychology Dept., University of Linz, Linz, Austria Pereira, Marcos Dept. of Psychology, Universidade demonstrated low and high anxiety levels, can be Stereotypes are harmful when they predict inferior Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil Silva, Joice equally successful in group discussion. It is contra- academic performance of a group because victims Psychology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, dictory to the traditional view that anxious pupils tend to behave accordingly: stereotype threat affects Brazil are less prosperous in the situation of group test performance. Little is known, however, whether This paper intents to evaluate the intellectual interaction. The findings are discussed in regard and in what ways the phenomenon applies to performance of the students favored by affirmative to behavioral strategies utilized by pupils with the processes of knowledge acquisition. In this con- action program. The main hypothesis is that the high anxiety levels in classroom interaction. tribution we address this lacuna. While women are performance of the students favored by university seen to be more successful learners in general, they quotas would be inferior to the others, due to the are assumed to underperform when it comes to stereotypes’ threat situation. The research was Implementing an online monitoring instrument matters of science and technology (study 1, N = conduced with 120 students. The instrument for supporting motivated learning in groups: 1058). Multivariate analyses of two further experi- Experiences from German and Dutch social ments (N = 40; N = 60) document and specify the employed to measure the intellectual performance science students effect of stereotype threat on learning processes. was a questionnaire with 21 questions about logic. Martens, Thomas Internation. Bildungsforschung, The results demonstrate that the students in Deutsches Institut fu¨ r, Frankfurt, Germany de stereotypes threat experimental condition achieve Brabander, Cornelis Social and Behavior Sciences, Liked women, valued men: Range and limits of a lower performance, but suggests that the negative Leiden Unversity, AK Leiden, Netherlands Martens, the ‘‘women are wonderful effect’’ effects of the stereotypes’ threat can be reverted in Rob Social and Behavior Sciences, Leiden Unversity, Ebert, Irena Dorothee Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, AK Leiden, Netherlands Universita¨ t Jena, Jena, Germany Steffens, Melanie special conditions. Previous studies show that an online monitoring Caroline Psychological Department, University of tool for reflecting feelings of relatedness, autonomy, Jena, Jena, Germany competence and interest can compensate motiva- On a general evaluative dimension, women are FP-178: Romantic relationships tional loss in learning groups. This hypothesis was judged more positively than men, both when tested with social science students learning statistics applying direct (questionnaires) as well as indirect The study of the relationship between identity at university by conducting three studies in (reaction-time based) measurement tools. The pre- styles, sex roles and sex with spouse selection in Germany and Netherland: a randomized control sent work aims at illuminating the determinants and single university students group experiment (n=128), a comparative study generality of the ‘‘female preference’’. In a series of Abedi, Fariba Ward of Psychology, Dr. Hamidiye (n=64) and an implementation study (n=100). experiments (total N > 500) it was shown that the Clinic, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Shahraray, Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Statistical analysis shows a significant effect of the female preference is partially caused by stereotypic Mehrnaz faculty of psychology, teacher training instrument regarding motivational outcome just in associations of women and warmth. A ‘‘male university, tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran the first study. Nevertheless, with interview data preference’’ emerges when the general evaluative the Relationship of Identity Styles, Sex Roles and from the third study guidelines for implementation dimension is replaced by a value based dimension, Sex on Spouse Selection investigated. Three mea- were identified concerning proper embedding of the indicating that women are judged more positively sures of Identity Style (ISI- 6G) Sex Roles (Bem, instrument in the course framework. but men are seen as more valuable. 1974) and Spouse Selection Criterias were adminis- tered to 196 university students. A three way The potentials of ECAM model of mediation in Gender-(a)typical behavior and status: Evaluation analysis of variance indicated significant interaction the classroom of leaders, subordinates, and job-applicants effects of identity styles, sex roles and sex on some Abdul Rahim, Fauziah Dept. of Education, Universiti Michel, Birgit University of Geneva, NCCR Affective factor of spouse selection criterias. In the second Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland Schmid Mast, part of this research, the relationship between sex This qualitative study is about building a commu- Marianne Department of Work and Organiz, roles and sex, identity style and sex roles also sex nity of learners that places mediation as central in University of Neuchatel, Neuchaˆ tel, Switzerland and identity style was investigated. Resuls showed a the learning and teaching of English and Mathe- Intending to expand role congruity theory of matics in a second language context. The study was prejudice toward female leaders (Eagly & Karau, signsficant relationship in all. Sex differences in conducted within a period of three months in 2002) we hypothesised that (1) in role-incongruent Spouse Selection, indicated significant differences Malaysia where I worked with two teachers and situations individuals are evaluated more favorably between males and females in some factor of spouse two groups of pupils from a Year One class when behaving according to their gender role (2) selection criterias. 408 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Dating experiences and attitudes towards The aim of this study was to analyze the changes approaches to help families coping with the romantic relationships among Colombians experienced by parents in their sexual and marital threatened illness. adolescents satisfaction after the birth of the first baby. The Caycedo, Claudia Psychology, Fundacio´n sample was composed by 228 married or cohabiting Universitaria Konrad, Bogota´ , Colombia Berman, heterosexual individuals (114 women and 114 men) The investigating of effectiveness of training Steven L Psychology, University of Central Florida, who were assessed with the Spanish version of the relaxation without tension along with Daytona Beach, USA Ovieda, Ana Marı´a Psychology, MSI-R in two moments: in the last months of their Biofeedback and EMDR on war veterans with Fundacio´ n Universitaria Konrad, Bogota´ , Colombia first pregnancy, and four months after the delivery. PTSD Suarez, Ingrid Psychology, Fundacio´ n Universitaria Results showed that sexual and marital satisfaction Sahragard Toghchi, Mehdi Dept. of Clinical Konrad, Bogota´ , Colombia Martin, Angie Psychology, diminished for both men and women, and that Psychology, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Fundacio´ n Universitaria Konrad, Bogota´ , Colombia sexual satisfaction is more related to marital Republic of Iran Roshan, Rasol clinical psychology, Cubides, Inghry Psychology, Fundacio´ n Universitaria satisfaction for men. shahed university, tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Konrad, Bogota´ , Colombia Ghaedi, Gholam Hosain clinical psychology, shahed Existing associations between experiences in ro- university, tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran The function of similarity in relationship mantic relationships and attitudes towards love of Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine regulation 223 adolescents aged 15 to 20 years from Bogota´ the effectiveness of training of Relaxation without Wrzus, Cornelia Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t are analyzed. Data were analyzed using correla- Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Lang, Frieder R. Inst. fu¨r tension along with Biofeedback and EMDR on war tional statistics and the one-way ANOVA. Sig- Psychogerontologie, Universita¨ t Erlangen-Nu¨ rnberg, veterans withPost Traumatic Stress Disorder. nificant differences were found among age and Erlangen, Germany Neyer, Franz J. Psychology, gender groups regarding the Beliefs Scale towards Methods: In this research 20 war veterans with University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany love, and gender differences concerning attitudes PTSD were selected availability sampling and The Evolutionary Model of Relationship Regula- towards love and involvement. Finally, it was found tion proposes Closeness Regulation and Recipro- divided into 3 groups of: training of Relaxation a positive correlation between identity and intimacy city Monitoring as central mechanisms in without tension along with Biofeedback (n=7), with friendly, altruistic and romantic love as well as relationships. Also, similarity correlates positively a negative correlation between intimacy and ludus EMDR (n=7) and control group (n=6). Afterthat, with emotional closeness and cooperation. The love experimental groups was attended in treatment assumed mediational function of similarity was sessions while control group didn’t attend in any tested in an internet study with 455 young adults The study of Iranian couple’s love relationship and a dyadic study with 171 middle-aged couples. treatment session. Result: experimental groups has and it’s relation with marital satisfaction and Participants rated the relationships of their ego- been found to be effective on PTSD among Iranian demographic variables centered networks on emotional closeness, recipro- war veterans but there was no significance differ- city and three types of similarity. Multilevel Ghamarani, Amir Psychology, University of Isfahan, ence between two treatment method. Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Sharyati, Maryam mediational analyses confirmed similarity as a psychology, university of isfahan, isfahan, Islamic mediator in both samples. Physical, skill and Republic of Iran subjective similarity mediated large parts of the FP-180: Dietary behavior I The purposes of this study were: 1-The investigation association between genetic relatedness and emo- of Iraninan couple’s relationship based on sternberg tional closeness, but were of smaller importance for The dual-motivation model of unhealthy eating model. Data selected from 66 couples (young and reciprocity. behavior middle years) chosen with availiable sampling Ohtomo, Shoji Graduate School of Inf.Sci., Tohoku method result: 1- there are significant differences FP-179: Psychotherapy - Research between young and middle years couples in University, Sendai, Japan Hirose, Yukio Graduate and treatment methods VI School of Env.sStu., Nagoya University, Nagoya City, commitment and passion, but no in intimacy. 2- in middle years couples, commitment and in young Japan couples, passion were pre-eminent component. 3- The case study of Self-Active Relaxation Therapy This study examined the determinants of dual love relationship are predicted by level of education, (SART) for people with physical, developmental motivation model of unhealthy eating behavior. Job and during of marriage, but not with age and and severely mental and physical disabilities 237 undergraduate students responded to a ques- Ki, Heyoung Faculty of Human Relation, Fukuoka Jo nomber of members of couple’s family. 5-love tionnaire measuring intentional motivation, impul- relationship predicted the marital satisfaction in Gakuin University, Fukuoka, Japan Ohno, Hiroyuki sive motivation, descriptive norm, injunctive norm, terms of following component : marital commu- Faculty of Human Relation, Fukuoka Jo Gakuin nication, sexual relation, and personality issue. University, Fukuoka-shi, Japan availability, self efficacy and actual performance of In Japan, Dousa-hou (Naruse, 1975) has been a snack eating and instant food eating. Our results popular method of psychological rehabilitation for indicated that both intentional motivation and Is love blind?: Attractiveness ratings by self, people with disabilities over the past 30 years. partner and others and the outcome of dating SART (Ohno, 2003) is a progressed method based impulsive motivation determined unhealthy eating relationships 25 years later on the theory of Dousa-hou. In this presentation, behavior. Moreover, injunctive norm affected Hill, Charles Dept. of Psychology, Whittier College, the characteristics of method and process of SART intentional motivation. Descriptive norm and avail- Whittier, USA Peplau, Letitia Anne Psychology, UCLA, will be outlined, including outcome data of 30 cases, ability influenced impulsive motivation and beha- Los Angeles, CA, USA Rubin, Zick lawyer, private with 10 physical, 10 developmental and 10 severely vior. Furthermore, multiple-sample path analysis practice, Newton, MA, USA mental and physical disabilities. These cases had Physical attractiveness ratings of self and dating participated in an intensive SART therapy pro- suggested that self efficacy moderates the effect of partner, plus a panel’s ratings of their photographs, gram, and showed remarkable changes after a dual motivations on unhealthy eating behavior. were available for both members of 173 couples week. The effectiveness of SART with 30 cases will from the Boston Couples Study. For both sexes, be reported with evaluating criteria and visual data. ratings of dating partner were higher than self The presentation of ‘pro-anorexia’ in online ratings, which were higher than the panel’s ratings. group interactions Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 For women only, the difference between their rating Family systems coping with threatened illness: Gavin, Jeff Dept. of Psychology, University of Bath, of their dating partner and the panel’s rating was The use of therapeutic technique of eye Bath, United Kingdom correlated with their Rubin Love Scale score and movement desensitization and reprocessing This project focuses on pro-anorexic identities in an with a Romanticism Scale, but not with eventual (EMDR), in the psychological treatment protocol online group setting. Specifically, it examines the Molero Zafra, Milagros Sintest Psychology, Valencia, marriage. However, women with low self ratings presentation of pro-anorexia via an interpretive Spain Pe´ rez Marı´n, Maria´n Faculty of Psychology, C. were more likely to marry their partner and remain phenomenological analysis of postings to a ‘pro- married 25 years later. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain When a threatened illness affects a person, the ana’ online discussion forum. Analysis indicates whole family system is seriously affected too. The that pro-anorexic identities are normalised and Sexual and marital satisfaction in the transition illness produces deep effects on family members strengthened through the normalization of partici- to parenthood that could be traumatic for some of them. We Oronoz, Beatriz Dept. of Psychology, Univ. of the developed a psychological treatment protocol that pants’ ‘pro-ana’ thoughts and behaviours and the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain Alonso Arbiol, includes the EMDR technique that it’s effective in group bond created through sharing a ‘secret Itziar Department of Psychology, Univ. of the Basque the treatment of the emotional symptoms caused by identity’. This process renders participants less Country, San Sebastian, Spain Gorostiaga, Arantxa situations of traumatic events. The combined likely to reveal their pro-ana identity to friends Department of Psychology, Univ. of the Basque approach that include EMDR and family systems and family in the real world. The implications of Country, San Sebastian, Spain Balluerka, Nekane therapy can result in profound changes for both the Department of Psychology, Univ. of the Basque individual and the family (Kaslow and Shapiro, our findings are discussed in relation to the theory Country, San Sebastian, Spain 2007). We present this protocol that includes both of identity demarginalisation. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 409

FP-181: Developmental tasks and This paper examines conceptual and empirical links Forms and senses of everyday space from a challenges in midlife I between people’s values and their personality traits. wheelchair perspective Personality traits and people’s values are often Hernandez Anzola, Maria Elisa Cienc. y Tecn. del treated separately, with distinct literatures, but they Comportam., Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Gains and losses related to menopause: An operate together in important ways. Data collected Venezuela analysis within the framework of conservation of with 294 working adults supported the conceptual From a Social Psychology interested in the affective resources theory (COR) by S. E. Hobfoll dimensions of everyday life, this qualitative study Bielawska-Batorowicz, Eleonora Inst. of Psychology, propositions: absolute correlations were high when a work value and a personality trait were logically aims to understand how everyday space is config- University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Mikolajczyk, ured in narratives (collected through conversational Marzena Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, overlapping and low when no such overlap was predicted. Theoretical implications include the interviews) told by people with motor disabilities Lodz, Poland who use wheelchairs. Practicing a hermeneutical Objectives: Menopausal transition was conceptua- development of models of personality structure in terms of networks of values, treating each trait in approach, we identify some forms that everyday lized within COR theory. It was hypothesized that space takes in these stories, and analyze expressions terms of its mix of those. (1) evaluation of gains and losses correlates with which communicate how narrators deal with such intensity of symptoms, (2) positive attitudes to- space, interpreting from that possible ways to relate wards menopause correlate with higher evaluation The ‘‘Little-Five’’ personality in China: A review of to others and to (re)signify senses of coexistence. of gains. Methods: Participants were 91 menopau- theory, measurement and research sal women. Menopause Representation Question- Yu, Yibing Yingdong Building, Room 255, Beijing naire by Hunter & O’Dea and Questionnaire of Cognitive and psychological rehabilitation in Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Evaluation of Resources by Dudek et al. were patients with mild and moderate dementia China Hong, Zou Ins.Developmental psychology, administered. Results: Evaluation of gains and Agogiatou, Christina Dept. of Psychology, GAADRD, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic losses was related to the use of hormonal replace- Thessaloniki, Greece Kounti, Fotini Psychology, of China ment therapy. Women perceiving more gains during GAADRD, Thessaloniki, Greece Karagiozi, This presentation will review the theory, measure- menopause reported less symptoms and expressed Konstantina Psychology, GAADRD, Thessaloniki, ment and research about what we have made more positive attitudes towards menopause. Con- Greece Bacoglidou, Evaggelia Psysiotherapy, clusions: COR theory provides meaningful frame- relating to the ‘‘Little Five’’ personality during the GAADRD, Thessaloniki, Greece Nikolaidou, Evdokia work for analysis of menopause. past 10 years in China. It concludes: (1) The issues Psychology, GAADRD, Thessaloniki, Greece Nakou, of culture-specific and age-specific in Chinese Stiliani Psychology, GAADRD, Thessaloniki, Greece ‘‘Little Five’’ Personality; (2) The development of Siampani, Aikaterini Psychology, GAADRD, Change for the better or change for the worse? Chinese ‘‘Little Five’’ Personality Scale and its Thessaloniki, Greece Poptsi, Eleni Psychology, Perceived changes as a consequence of an psychometrics qualities; (3) Research relevant to GAADRD, Thessaloniki, Greece Zafeiropoulou, Mirto adverse life event and their associations with ‘‘Little Five’’ Personality and its distinct findings in Psychology, New York College, Thessaloniki, Greece ruminative thoughts. the field of educational, Developmental and per- Varsamopoulou, Anastasia Psychology, GAADRD, Leist, Anja Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Trier, sonality & social psychology et al. The limitation Thessaloniki, Greece Tsolaki, Magda Trier, Germany Filipp, Sigrun-Heide Department of and future directions have also been discussed in the Objectives: Improvement of cognitive, functional Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany end. and emotional performance of patients with mild After the occurrence of an adverse life event, people and moderate dementia. Method: Intervention experience positive and negative changes in their included 7 therapeutic programs. Participants were lives (e.g., losses in the occupational domain) and in Structure of Russian personality lexicon through 21 demented patients, classified in experimental and perceived individual characteristics (e.g., gaining the lens of the Cube-in-Globe and Big Five control groups. Intervention lasted 4 months. wisdom). In a questionnaire study with N=260 models Neuropsychological assessment was administered participants (aged 41 to 86 years; temporal distance Putilov, Arcady Berlin, Germany Putilov, Dmitriy before and after the intervention. Non parametric of the event: one to 52 years), we examined Tait and Biology and Biophysics, Research Institute Molecular, tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Silver’s (1989) assumption that ruminative thoughts Novosibirsk, Russia Experimental patients had better cognitive and about an adverse life event will persist as long as We tested whether six bipolar dimensions predicted functional performance than controls at the end changes caused by the event are salient for the by the Cub-in-Globe model represent the first six of the intervention (MMSE, p = .032) (RBMT, p= individual. Ruminative thoughts were not asso- factors revealed by factor analysis of personality- .009) (RAVLT, p= .009). Conclusions: The pro- ciated with perceived positive changes, but signifi- relevant words of everyday language. More than posed combination of cognitive and psychological cantly associated with perceived negative changes. 300 students rated 498 emotion- and personality- interventions was beneficial for patients with mild referring nouns: whether each term describes and moderate dementia. An ecological understanding of stress and self herself/himself, someone else whom s/he likes, and esteem of divorced women in Malaysia someone else whom s/he dislikes. The prediction of FP-185: Discipline issues I Juhari, Rumaya Human development & Family Stu, the Cube-in-Globe model that any personality trait Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Yaacob, might be located in three-dimensional space was Siti Nor Human development & Family, Universiti confirmed. Moreover, the factors of the six-factor The making of prolific faculty researchers in the Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Baharudin, varimax solution demonstrate considerable overlap Philippines: A grounded theory model Rozumah Human development & Family, Universiti with factors usually referred as the Big Five. Valencia, Marshall Dept. of Psychology, De La Salle Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Kahar, Rojanah University, Manila, Philippines Human development & Family, Universiti Putra This study explores variables and socialization Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia FP-184: Disability and processes involved in the shaping of prolific researchers in the context of a developing country. The study aimed to determine the influences of rehabilitation I family ecological processes on divorced women’s Narrative interviews of six exceptionally productive stress level and self esteem. A total of 510 divorced male scholars were analyzed to come up with a data women completed self-administered questionnaires Constructing consumer values for community driven model of pathways to prolific publishing in and independent living solutions the context of Philippine realities. Categories and

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 measuring the respective variables. The findings indicate that stress level, family functioning, and Mpofu, Elias Counselor Education and Reha., The relationships that emerged from the analysis cross- boundary ambiguity are unique predictors of Penn State University, University Park, USA validated previous quantitative investigations on divorced women’s self-esteem, (R2 = 0.38). As for Objective. The study investigated community and research productivity. Two significant insights are stress level, the predictors are self-esteem, boundary independent living solutions preferred by consu- highlighted in the model: the role of a ‘‘cognitive ambiguity, support system, economic hardship and mers with disabilities. Community and independent contrast’’ dimension, and the transformations that family functioning (R2= 0.39). The study concludes living solutions for people with disabilities histori- a set of ‘‘core characteristics’’ undergo throughout that divorced women’s stress level and self esteem cally have been service provider rather than by critical periods in a scholar’s life. are highly influenced by the ecological processes consumer driven. Method. Two-hundred and ten within the self, family and environmental contexts. consumers with disabilities participated in the Trends of psychology in a non-Western country study. Consumer preferred solutions were con- Khaleefa, Omar Dept. of Psychology, University of FP-182: Dimensions of personality I structed using concept mapping, a mixed method Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan data analysis approach. Results. Consumer prefer- The present study examined trends of psychology in Personality and work values ences segmented into six clusters weighted mostly to Sudan. Multiple methods were used in collecting Inceoglu, Ilke The Pavilion, SHL Group Limited, solutions for self-determination and access to data from 21 departments of psychology, 15 centres Thames Ditton, United Kingdom Warr, Peter Institute enabling resources. Conclusion. Consumer-oriented for special education and 12 psychiatric hospitals. It of Work Psychology, University of Sheffield, community and independent living solutions hold showed the following trends: (a) psychology is Sheffield, United Kingdom Bartram, Dave Research, great promise for quality of life with a chronic applied and social not pure and biological (b) most SHL Group, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom illness or disability. psychological services are concentrated in Khar- 410 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

toum State (83%) compared to (17%) to all other 25 domains), external (over external events), and FP-188: Clinical / counseling ones (c) domination of educational psychology by internal (over one’s self). Consistent with previous psychology I (39%), (d) majority of students were females (79%), research on Asians’ versus Westerners’ self-efficacy therpsists (88%) and in pre-education (100%), (e) and Asians’ stress and coping, the present study Crisis management: How prepared are Australian 20% of psychologists were trained abroad, however, found moderate general, external, and internal self- schools? they have tremendous contribution (84%) com- efficacy and higher internal than external self- Knowles, Ann Dept. of Psychology, Swinburne pared to those trained locally (16%). efficacy across stressful situations. A new concep- University, Melbourne, Australia Trethowan, Vicky tualization and measurement of self-efficacy was There is increasing recognition that traumatic Becoming a science?: Humboldt University proposed, taking into account that efficacy beliefs events impact on school communities. This study Berlin’s Institute for Psychology between World may operate differently in Malaysian and Asian aimed to develop a school-based crisis management War Two and the construction of the Berlin Wall cultures than in Western cultures. model for traumatic events and to identify the role Ebisch, Sven Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Humboldt- of school counsellors in managing trauma. One Universita¨t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany hundred and twenty school counsellors (psycholo- After World War II the Institute for Psychology of FP-187: Child health I gists and social workers) were surveyed to deter- what was to become Humboldt University Berlin mine current levels of crisis management training. had been largely destroyed. This presentation Sociocultural factors and eating disorders in Results showed 85% of the respondents wanted describes the circumstances of the Institute’s post- adolescence: Ealuation of a school-based further training in dealing with traumatic events war reformation and development in the Soviet prevention program impacting on their school community. Based on allied zone and its change, marking the disciplinary Warschburger, Petra Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t these data a school crisis management training direction it was to take, from the Philosophical to Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Helfert, Susanne model was developed. It is argued that this model the Science Faculty under Kurt Gottschaldt. Based Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, could be applied in school jurisdictions beyond on primary sources, this overview uses Ash’s Germany Bonekamp, Eva Psychology, University of Australia. interactive resource-oriented approach to describe Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany the development of psychology at Humboldt Studies indicate a high percentage of adolescents University between political upheaval in immedi- with disturbed eating patterns, which are at risk of Homeostatis reality therapy: A psychological intervention for human welfare ately postwar Berlin and the construction of the developing an eating disorder. To counteract this Gairola, Lata Dept. of Psychology, H.N.B. Garhwal Berlin Wall in 1961. trend, prevention programs are needed that focus University, Srinagar, India Chimbakam, Sebastian on specific risk and protective factors. The school- Psychology, c/o Dr. Lata Gairola, Srinagar (Garhwal, based prevention program POPS was developed to FP-186: Culture and cognition I India improve adolescents general life skills like coping The present study aims to determine the effect of Embodied cultural cognition: Psychological strategies and stress management techniques as well Homeostasis Reality Therapy as a Psychological perspective and physical body comportment as as to brace them for dealing with appearance- Intervention for suicidal ideation. It is a model of carriers of culture related social and media pressure. Program effects health and disease based on the Indian Psychology Leung, Angela Ka Yee School of Social Sciences, were tested in a random control group design and Culture, developed by Dr. Berkmans Koyical Singapore Management Univers., Singapore, including 1100 high school students from grade 7 to in 1992. The study was conducted on 50 males and Singapore Cohen, Dov Psychology, University of 9. Results from the 3-month follow-up will be 50 females aging 15-30, who had suicidal ideation Illinois, Illinois, USA reported and discussed. came to the clinic for the Psychological help. Our body is one carrier and perpetuator of culture – Everyone was administered Homeostasis Reality cultural assumptions can be embodied in the way Health education methods for achieving stable Therapy individually and found that it was a very we psychologically represent ourselves in mental normoglycemia during an educational camp for effective Psychological Intervention. The study models (soft embodiment) and the way we physi- youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) reveals that the major cause for suicidal ideation cally comport our body (hard embodiment). One is the unwanted pregancy. study examined the perspective that people embo- De Loach, Stan Me´ xico City, Mexico died as they mapped out time and space metaphors. Aim: For young persons (age 8—17) with recent- Euro-Americans were more likely to embody their onset DM1 to quickly learn to safely achieve Dental fear - and how to talk it away. Effects of a own (vs. friend’s) perspective whereas the reverse normoglycemia and glycemic stability, through the training course for dentists. was true for Asian-Americans. In another study, use of self-directed learning methods, group and Hagenow, Frank Hamburg, Germany Asian-Americans assuming an upright posture individual psychological support, and self-moni- Research shows that at least 10% of the population endorsed universalistic moral values more strongly tored blood glucose (SMBG) levels. Method: 5 suffer from dental fears. Dental fear, whether whereas those assuming a hugging posture endorsed international multidisciplinary team members re- justified or not, often hinders medical efforts and particularistic values more strongly. We discuss sponded to educational and emotional needs of 9 desirable compliance. A German study from the how culture can be implicitly embodied in our Campers during a 3-day residential diabetes camp. University of Hamburg among 42 dentists and 168 imagined and actual actions. SMBG values furnished statistical data. Results: patients shows a significant reduction of dental Mean arrival and departure glucose levels were anxiety. Their dentists have been trained before in significantly different (P , .0025]. Mean 3-day client-centered-counseling. Patients were classified Quizshow knowledge and cultural literacy euglycemia was uncharacteristically stable. Conclu- concerning their fear by the Dental-Anxiety-Scale Grabowski, Joachim Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Pa¨ dagog. sion: Self-directed diabetologic education and of Corah. It was found that even phobic patients Hochschule Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Kiel, psychological support rapidly and safely produced were able to reduce their fear significantly by Ewald School Pedagogy, University of Munich, normal glycemic levels and stability. talking to their dentists before treatment. These Mu¨ nchen, Germany effects were not to be found within the group of Quizshows comprise of scholastic and popular control. knowledge, which serves as a mirror of cultural A ‘‘Children’s Hospital of the Future’’ from the participation in a society and allows for some equal perspective of architectural psychology. An user- FP-189: Culture and human opportunity across educational levels. The German needs analysis Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 development II and American party game editions of ‘‘Who wants Walden, Rotraut Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t to be a millionaire?’’ (1960 questions each) were Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany Omani teachers’ job commitment: Comparisons classified according to the topic they are drawn Children’s hospitals contribute often to experiences of personal and organizational variables from. It turns out that the distribution of questions of fear in ‘‘little patients’’. A ‘‘Little Patients’’ Aldhafri, Said Dept. of Psychology, Sultan Qaboos across topics and the assigned difficulty differs Association worked to remove the negative effects between the two games, supporting existing inter- University, Alkhodh, Oman of conventional hospital design at the Oldenburg This study investigated Omani teachers’ job com- cultural stereotypes. Differences are interpreted in Hospital through targeted improvements. The goal mitment. A sample of 450 Omani teachers partici- terms of the roles of popular knowledge and its of this study, consisting of 59 patients, 65 employ- pated in the study from different school grades. The composition in the respective cultures. ees, was to see how hospital design can impact participants responded to a group of measures patients’ recovery. A questionnaire’s ‘‘virtual walk- related to personal (e.g., teachers’ sense of efficacy) Conceptualization and measurement of self- through’’ gave the observers an overall impression and school characteristics (e.g., school climate). The efficacy in Malaysian children and young adults of the building. A five-point rating scale was participants also completed a demographic ques- Mohd Zaharim, Norzarina School of Social Sciences, applied to 171 items by 39 observers. The methods tionnaire. Regression analyses showed that tea- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia of Building Performance Evaluation, t-tests, and chers’ job commitment could be better predicted The study explored sense of self-efficacy in Malay- regression analyses were used. In conclusion: child- using personal characteristics than using school sian children and young adults facing everyday friendly design gives children’s hospitals a compe- characteristics. I elaborate these findings within the stress. The construct of self-efficacy was reoper- titive advantage. ‘‘Quality architecture will give the educational and cultural Omani context using a ationalized into three components: general (across image of quality care’’. Western framework of job commitment and effi- Wednesday 23rd July 2008 411

cacy beliefs. Implications and suggestions for future depression in Iran. In this study 326 (161 female disengaged and chaotically than their insecure research are provided. and 165 male) highschool students completed the counterparts. Family functioning and adult attach- Revised Family Communication Patterns Instru- ment predicted God attachment. Also parental and ment and the short form of Depression Anxiety adult attachment influenced on Family functioning The attitude to work and to free time in Poland: Stress Scales. The results of multiple regression subscales. The Polish adaptation of the multidimensional analysis indicated that family’s conversation orien- work ethic profile tation was a meaningful predictor of children’s FP-191: Education and advanced Chudzicka-Czupala, Agata Inst. of Psychology, anxiety and depression and negatively predicted training I Silesian University, Katowice, Poland Grabowski, their anxiety and depression. Family’s conformity Damian Inst. of Psychology, Silesian University, predicted children’s anxiety meaningfully and posi- Instruction monitoring: Implementation of new Katowice, Poland tively but not their depression. The research is a part of the work on Polish curricula within a video-based quality circle adaptation of the Multidimensional Work Ethic Gaertner, Holger Inst. fu¨ r Schulqualita¨ t, Freie Profile by Miller, Woehr and Hudspeth (2002). The Validity and reliability of the revised family Universita¨t Berlin, Berlin, Germany method is a 65-item inventory that measures seven communication patterns instrument in Iran This study introduces the concept of instruction conceptually and empirically distinct facets of the Kouroshnia, Maryam university, Shiraz University, monitoring (IM) as a way to implement new work ethic construct: centrality of work, self- shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran Latifian, Morteza curricula. IM centres around a content-focused reliance, hard work, leisure, morality/ethics, delay university, shiraz university, shiraz, Islamic Republic quality circle in which teachers co-operate and of gratification and wasted time. We collected data of Iran discuss videotapes of their own lessons. During one from a student sample and a nonstudent working Maryam Kouroshnia Morteza Latifian Shiraz school year, fourteen mathematics teachers took sample. The research results describe the attitude of university, Shiraz, Iran ABSTRACT The validity part in two quality circles. Within a quasi-experi- the members of Polish society to such values like and reliability of the Revised Family Communica- mental pre-post test design, questionnaires were hard work and free time and they show similarities tion Patterns (RFCP) instrument were evaluated in used to estimate the effects of IM compared with and differences between Poles and other nations. a sample of 326 Iranian highschool students. traditional professional development at teacher and Findings showed that there was a positive relation- student level. The results show that various aspects ship between RFCP and Parent-child Bonding of instruction changed and that teachers’ beliefs The personality of circus actors of various ethnic shifted towards a cognitive constructivist orienta- groups as the subjects of creative activity Instrument (PBI) which provided evidence to support the criteria validity of the RFCP. Principal tion. At student level, self-assessed subject compe- Dementeva, Kapitolina general and sicial psychology, tence increased. Mechnikov State University, Odessa, Ukraine component factor analysis was also used to evaluate Objective is to study circus actors’ personality the construct validity of the instrument. The results regarding a genre in which they create scenic showed that two factors of conversation orientation Assessing beginning teachers: peer to peer images, analyse a circus artist attitude to circus and conformity orientation could be extracted. The teaching and groups of educational reflection in action and national archetype reflection in it. RFCP showed a good internal consistency and secondary education Methodological base: the works of V.Diltej, acceptable test-retest reliability as well as Cronbach Mayoral, Paula Psychology, Ramon Llull University, E.Shpranger, G.Oliort, K.Rogers, A.Maslow; alpha coefficient. Barcelona, Spain K.K.Platonov’s ‘‘Personality profile’’ methodology, Research has shown the main beginning teachers biographic method and symbolical interpretation The long-term effects of the PREP program: A 10 (BT) problems are discipline, behaviour, student’s by K.G.Jung. The results show interrelation of year follow-up motivation, time and social relations management. actor’s personality with genre and creative activity Markman, Howard Dept. of Psychology, University of Consequently, advice should be pluridimensional orientation. The belonging to ethnic group is Denver, Denver, CO, USA Stanley, Scott Dept. of and addressed to promote the reflection on practice. important at the creation of an image. Conclusion: Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA The methodology includes the participation of five personality features, both typological and ethnic, Rhoades, Galena Dept. of Psychology, University of peer-tutoring in an on-line foro, a tutor observation should be taken into account in individualization of Denver, Denver, CO, USA Whitton, Sarah Dept. of and groups of educational reflection across five art activity management of a circus actor. Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA topics in a school year adopting a qualitative There is a growing interest at National levels in approach. The BT problems concern adaptation to school culture and lack of experience, in addition The myth of Chinese modesty: The effect of delivering relationship education programs to couples in order to prevent relationship distress to those mentioned above. The mentors’ problems personal relationships on attribution for were communication, lack of time and role delivery achievements and divorce and strengthen marriages, yet very few long-term evaluations of these programs. We difficulties. Definitely, classroom tutor observation Han, Kuei-Hsiang Division of General Education, favours reflective practice in BT and benefit Tamkang University, Tamsui County, Taiwan present 10 year follow-up data on the long-term effects of the Prevention and Relationship En- mentors, helping them think about their teaching Using scenario experimental method, this study practice and rethink teaching issues. found that when the achievement was not a threat hancement Program (PREP) in a sample of 253 and the interacting target was an intimate, Taiwa- couples who received the intervention premaritally nese (people in a Confucian society) would not be and were followed at yearly intervals. We present a The characteristics of deliberate practice in modest. On the contrary, they attributed their new model of relationship health (communication/ teaching expertise development in China achievements to ability and efforts. When the conflict management, positive connections, com- Hu, Yi Psychology, East China Normal University, achievement would be a threat to others, though mitment, satisfaction, stability) and outcome data Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Zhou, Ruyang Taiwanese would attributed their achievement to on each dimension as couples are entering the Psychology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, luck. The main concern was not modest social norm highest risk period for divorce and distress. People’s Republic of China Luo, Jiao Psychology, East but empathy. Only when the target was not familiar Implications for wide spread dissemination of China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s would Taiwanese be affected by social norm of research-based couples interventions are discussed. Republic of China modesty. Genereally speaking, the results of this The study aimed at exploring what kinds of teaching activities can be judged as deliberate study suggested that Chinese (Taiwanese) were not Relationship between childhood attachment always be modest to their achievements, when practice, and how instructional situations influence Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 quality, adult attachment and attachment to God them. Ten secondary-school teachers rang from 7 to situation allowed, Chinese would also be self- with family functioning 30 years teaching experiences were individually at enhancing, just like people in Western society. Shahabizadeh, Fatemeh Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad semi-structured interview for 2 hours a week, which University, Korasan-Kashmar, Islamic Republic of Iran last two months. Through protocol analysis, it FP-190: Family issues Ahadi, Hasan psychology, Allame Tabataba’ee shows that the time spending on planning and University, Razavy Khorasan-Kashmar, Islamic reflective activities in teaching is strongly positive Relationships among dimensions of family Republic of Iran relative to teaching expertise, and which are communication patterns and Iranian children’s This study investigated role played by God attach- affected by the academic subject matter and level of anxiety and depression ment, adult and childhood attachment in Muslim’ student’s achievement level. Then deliberate prac- Kouroshnia, Maryam university, Shiraz University, reported family functioning. 193 high school tice theory is an appropriate way to comprehend shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran Latifian, Morteza students in kashmar, completed questionnaires the nature and development of teaching expertise. university, shiraz university, shiraz, Islamic Republic measuring God attachment, childhood attachment, of Iran adult attachment and family adaptability and Maryam Kouroshnia Morteza Latifian Shiraz cohesion (FACES-IV). Results showed at insecure Effective schools: Evaluation from students, university, Shiraz, Iran ABSTRACT The purpose childhood attachment, secure respondents to God parents and teachers of this study was to investigate the relationships had higher mean on family adaptability, cohesion Koutsoulis, Michalis Dept. of Education, University of among dimensions of family communication pat- and communication than their insecure counter- Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus terns (conversation orientation and conformity parts. Also at insecure adult attachment, secure The purpose of the research is to define school orientation) and children’s level of anxiety and respondents to God had lower mean on family effectiveness through students, parents and teachers 412 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

in five schools. The research conducted in two Teachers’ understanding of children’s depressive a higher level of coherence. A short reduction in stages. In the first stage participants were asked to symptoms luminance in one RDK served as a cue. Event- define school effectiveness in focus groups. On the Kleftaras, George Dept. of Special Education, related brain potentials (ERPs) did not indicate that second stage participants evaluated their school University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece Didaskalou, the behavioral effects of valid and invalid cueing are through questionnaires. Results show that students Eleni Special Education, University of Thessaly, determined by a corresponding modulation of the place attention on the affective domain of school Volos, Greece sensory motion processing system. life, parents focus on the buildings and the facilities The present research aimed at a) estimating the proportion of primary school children experiencing of the school, while teachers are concern about the Conflict-monitoring and reaction time depressive symptomatology and b) exploring tea- results of the educational process. distributions chers ability to recognize their pupils presenting Davelaar, Eddy USA depressive symptoms. Participants were 323 pupils, The conflict-monitoring hypothesis of attentional aged 10-13 years and their classroom teachers. FP-192: School counseling control assumes that conflict is monitored during Pupils completed the Children’s Depression Inven- one trial and affects the attentional control during tory, while teachers a questionnaire concerning performance on the next trial. Recently, this A qualitative investigation on ethical and their perceptions about their pupils’ depressive hypothesis has been challenged on the grounds of professional issues of school psychological symptoms. A considerable percentage of pupils data showing that the sequential dependencies counselors in Turkey reach high scores of depressive symptoms especially observed in studies using the Eriksen flanker task Cetinkaya, Evrim Dept. of Educational Sciences, (negative self-esteem, mood and interpersonal may be in part due to stimulus or response priming. Middle East Technical Univers., Ankara, Turkey Erdur- problems). However, teachers identify and report I will present new data regarding response time Baker, Ozgur Educational Sciences, Middle East more often behavioural problems and tend to distributions that falsifies some possible resolutions Technical Universi, Ankara, Turkey underestimate the incidence and severity of depres- to the debate (and produces new questions). I will This study aimed to investigate the ethical/profes- sive symptoms in their pupils. sional issues that Turkish school psychological argue that detailed reaction time distributions should feature more prominently in models of counselors encounter. The three themes that attentional control. emerged from semi-structured interviews with Moscow Department of Education: Psychological rehabilitation of younger schoolchildren with twenty school counselors were professional issues delayed psychic development in situation of joint (e.g., limited collaborations with other personnel, Attentional capture, cueing and the attentional productive activity crowded schools, inadequate physical environ- blink Prudnikova, Marina Center, Diagnostics and Coltheart, Veronika MACCS, Macquarie University, ment), ethical issues (e.g., confidentiality, multiple Consulting, Moscow, Russia relationships, mandatory counseling, and profes- Sydney, Australia Objective : analysis of factors and conditions The attentional blink refers to limits on dual target sional competency), and the solution strategies used ensuring effectiveness of correctional work to identification when targets are embedded in a by psychological counselors. The results indicated improve life standard and restore normal develop- sequence of distractors visually presented for that Turkish school counselors were facing with ment of families having schoolchildren with psy- approximately 100 ms per item. The second target somewhat similar problems as described in the chological impairments. Methods: (T2) is frequently missed when it follows shortly literature of school psychology but with different Neuropsychological diagnostics, Roven’s matrixes, after the first. Recent research has demonstrated nature and severity. The results are discussed based projective methodology, parents’ questionaire, evidence for attentional capture by distractors on the existing literature and the cultural and mathematical data processing, independent expert similar to targets. However, similar distractors can economical context of Turkey. evaluation. Results: reorganization of content and also ameliorate the blink by functioning as cues for direction of interaction between psychologist, fa- T2. Two experiments investigated the conditions in mily as subject of rehabilitation activity is caused by which cueing or capture effects occur in single and Counseling the culturally different student in the processes of participation, co-creativity and co- dual target search. The implications concerning the Arabian Gulf region development of all participants of entire system Temporary Loss of Control and Delayed Engage- Hassane, Sofoh Psychology and Counseling, United ‘‘Rehabilitation-Specialist-Child-Family-Society’’, ment accounts are considered. Arab Emirate University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates ensures family functioning and wholeness as natural The number of foreign students from diverse and permanent rehabilitation-and-development en- cultural backgrounds enrolling in schools and vironment. Conclusion: Quality of Psychologist- A dual-phase model of selective attention colleges in the Arabian Gulf Region is growing Child-Parent interaction in education and rehabili- Hu¨ bner, Ronald Fachbereich Psychologie, Universita¨t rapidly. However, no or very little cross-cultural tation process ensures continuous socialization of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Steinhauser, Marco studies focusing on the needs and attitudes of these child on maximal level of his abilities. Fachbereich Psychologie, Universita¨ t Konstanz, students and how they could be effectively helped Konstanz, Germany Lehle, Carola Fachbereich Psychologie, Universita¨ t Konstanz, Konstanz, have emerged in the counseling literature. This Identifying subtypes of career indecision among Germany presentation will focus on how school counselors Portuguese secondary school students: A cluster Selective visual attention is an important mechan- can help them adjust to new school climate and analytical approach ism of behavioral self-control. First it was thought culture and develop their learning potentials Santos, Paulo Faculdade de Letras, Universidade do that selection takes place early in the stream of optimally. It will also focus on the types of concerns Porto, Porto, Portugal information processing. Later, it became clear that they are most likely to bring into counseling and Career indecision is a complex phenomenon and an selection can also occur at later stages. Here, we suggest intervention strategies in working with increasing number of authors have proposed that propose that selection takes place simultaneously at them. undecided individuals do not constitute a group of early and late stages. We implemented this idea in a homogenous characteristics. However, there is formal dual-phase model and applied it to the some controversy about the different types of Flanker task. By varying spatial uncertainty, we The study of peer counseling effect at school in career undecided individuals. This study examined modulated the relative contribution of early and enhancing the students’ level of mental health career indecision subtypes among a sample of 362 late selection processes. As expected, these modula- Jam, Zahra Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Saleh 12th grade Portuguese students. Using a battery of tions were nicely reflected by the variations of the Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Sedghpoor, Bahram Educational Sciences and Psych, scales assessing career and personality dimensions, corresponding parameter values of our model. Shahid Beheshti University, tehran, Islamic Republic a cluster-analytic procedure was employed. Several of Iran Khoshkonesh, Abolghasem Educational groups of career decided/undecided were identified. Sciences and Psych, Shahid Beheshti University, Implications for career intervention are discussed. Crossmodal extinction in neurologically-normal tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran participants: The Colavita effect revisited The present research studies the effect of peer Spence, Charles Dept. of Psychology, University of counseling in increasing the mental health level of FP-193: Selective attention Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom the studied statistical society, including 171 female Colavita (1974) reported that presenting a light at students of high school. After a mental health Is sensory processing necessarily affected by the same time as a suprathreshold auditory target exogenous cues? resulted in people failing to respond to (or be aware pretest, they are classified into 3 groups: disorder- Niedeggen, Michael Experimentelle Psychologie, of) the sound (a sound that participants were free, mild disorder and high disorder; each group is Freie Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany always aware of when presented in isolation). I will randomly put in the control and experimental A visuospatial cueing paradigm was used to describe a number of recent studies on this little- groups. Using manova, the results shows firstly examine whether a sensory gain control mediates studied, but fascinating, crossmodal phenomenon. I dependent variables (physical signs, anxiety, dis- the effect of covert attention on the appearance of will highlight the spatiotemporal constraints on the order in social function and depression) are visual stimuli. A short coherent motion signal was Colavita effect and its sensitivity to manipulations independent to each other; secondly the mild embedded in two dynamic random dot kinemato- of attention/perceptual load. I will highlight the disorder group, among all the other groups, is grams (RDK) presented left and right of a fixation. important similarities that exist between the Cola- affected just in the variable of anxiety. Subjects had to decide which RDK was defined by vita visual dominance effect and the crossmodal Wednesday 23rd July 2008 413

extinction sometimes experienced by stroke patients People’s Republic of China Zhang, Feng Institute of SEM showed that physical symptoms and disease suffering from neglect. psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, stage predicted worse health-related QoL, which People’s Republic of China predicted Internet use. Internet use in turn predicted The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of problem-focused coping and more active discussion Attention to graphic cigarette warning labels in impulsiveness, self-construal and unrealistic opti- about health problems with health professionals. non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers mism on the risky driving behavior. 108 Chinese The model achieved a satisfactory fit, CFI=.95, Hollier, Tanya Dept. of Psychology, Southern Cross drivers were measured their impulsiveness, indepen- IFI=.93, RMSEA=.06. Conclusions: Health-related University, Orange, Australia Provost, Stephen dent-interdependent self, and self-evaluated their Internet use might offer some benefits for HIV+ Psychology, Southern Cross University, Coffs risky driving behaviors as well as their ticket individuals. Harbour, Australia records gotten from policemen. Confirmatory New graphic warning labels form part of a ‘fear factor analysis testified the constructs of impulsive- appeal’ strategy to reduce smoking behaviour in Influence of stigma on quality of life of HIV ness, self-construal and driving behaviors developed Australia. Strength of orientation and disengage- Positive individuals in western culture. Results indicated that Chinese ment of attention towards warning labels was Kohli, Neena Psychology, University of Allahabad, drivers also showed significant unrealistic optimism examined in smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers Allahabad, India about driving accident; unrealistic optimism (n =48). Non-smokers were not influenced by the This study attempts to bring out the influence of mediated the relationship between motor impul- warning labels in terms of orientation or disengage- stigma on quality of life of 100 HIV positive siveness and aggressive driving violations. Implica- ment relative to control stimuli. Smokers and ex- individuals. Semi-structured interview was used to tions of the results for traffic safety and future smokers showed evidence of both greater orienta- elicit data on socio-demographics, stigma and research are discussed. tion to the warning labels, and facilitated disen- quality of life. Results showed a) significant gagement from them. These results suggest either negative correlation between stigma and quality of generalised increases in speed of responding follow- The influence of cognitive biases on life and b) age and stigma emerged as significant ing warning label presentation, or the presence of inexperienced, young drivers’ risky task predictors of quality of life. Findings suggest that an avoidance response, in both smokers and ex- performance PLWHAs should be encouraged to rise above smokers. Havarneanu, Grigore Iasi, Romania Havarneanu, stigma and live a better quality of life and it also Cornel Psychology, "A. I. Cuza" Universit, Iasi, cautions health providers and caregivers to help FP-194: Risk, accident and accident Romania Holman, Andrei Psychology, "A. I. Cuza" PLWHAs live a life of dignity by being gender prevention Universit, Iasi, Romania Dumitru, Marian Psychology, sensitive, caring and supportive. "A. I. Cuza" Universit, Iasi, Romania The social representation of traffic accident in We analyze different types of driver’s illusions The mediational effect of resilience in relation Romania: Connections with emotions and sketching out the difference between drivers’ social between emotinal intelligence, general decision-making in driving and cognitive biases, with the focus on the latter. intelligence and life satisfaction Holman, Andrei Iasi, Romania Havarneanu, Cornel On this recent theoretical base, we conducted an Jowkar, Bahram Dept. Educational Psychology, Psychology, "Al. I. Cuza" Universi, iasi, Romania experimental study to asses the adaptation of some Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran Havarneanu, Grigore Iasi, Romania Dumitru, Marian young, inexperienced Romanian drivers to a risky Abstract This study investigated mediation role of Psychology, "Al. I. Cuza" Universi, iasi, Romania task performance. In the second part we also deal resilience in relationship between Emotional and Our research is multi-phased: the first step was with methodological issues, empirical data analysis, cognitive intelligence and life satisfaction. Partici- aimed at contouring the structure and content of main advantages and limits of the study, and draw pants were 557 higher education students. Partici- the social representation of traffic accident in the the main conclusions. Some practical implications pants completed the Conner-Davidson Resilience Romanian population, using the method of asso- are discussed, in particular young drivers’ training scale Shutte emotional Intelligence Scale, Satisfac- ciative network on various components of this with regard to the importance of individual tion With Life scale, and Scale 3 of Cattell Culture representational object: causes, involved actors, differences and feedback during the task. Faire Intelligence test. Results showed that (a) development, consequences, and also emotional emotional and cognitive intelligences directly, were determinants and associations. The second stage Effectiveness of warning signs in reducing speed weak predictors of life satisfaction, (b) emotional employed the multidimensional scaling procedure, at rural road curves intelligence in comparison to cognitive intelligence thus revealing the main dimensions which underpin Weller, Gert Verkehr und Transport, Technische was strong predictor of resilience and (c) resilience the social representation of traffic accident. Finally, Universita¨ t Dresden, Dresden, Germany Voigt, Jana was mediator between both kind of intelligence and our results are integrated in an empirical analysis of Traffic and Transportation Psy, TU Dresden, Dresden, life satisfaction. Findings also revealed that the risk perception, inter-temporal choice and emo- Germany Schlag, Bernhard Traffic and Transportation relationships between model’s variables in girls tional involvement in these decision mechanisms in Psy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany weren’t completely consistent with whole group. driving. Inappropriate speed is the most important con- Implications and suggestion for future studies are tributing factor to fatal accidents on rural roads. discussed. Study of mental profile of drivers with hard With the upcoming of the self-explaining road accident road with use of NEO-PI-R concept (e.g. Theeuwes, 2000) signs that are Quality of life, self-efficacy, coping and adherence Aghaei Jeshvaghani, Asghar Khorasgan Branch, traditionally used to convey otherwise missing in patients with chronic kidney disease on Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of information on the road ahead, seem to lose their haemodialysis treatment Iran Abedi, Mohamadreza Psychology, ISFAHAN attraction. In a simulator study (N=50) we tested Esguerra, Gustavo A. Psicologia, Universidad Santo UNIVERSITY, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Kanani, different road designs and compared them to the Tomas, Bogota D.C., Colombia Contreras, Franc¸oise Kobra Psychology, University Khorasgan-Isfahan, effectiveness of warning signs. A subsequent collec- V. Psicologia, Universidad Santo Tomas, Bogota D.C., Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran tion of subjective ratings revealed that the positive Colombia Espinosa, Juan C. Psicologia, Universidad The objective of this study was to identify mental effect of signs on reducing speed was due to the Santo Tomas, Bogota D.C., Colombia profile of drivers with hard accident road. The respective curves being rated as more dangerous The purpose of this study was to identify the results are based on NEO-PI-R out among a sample and demanding. These findings have important psychological variables that can predict the adher- of Iranian drivers in year 2006 and 2007 (n=40). implications concerning rural road design. ence to treatment in chronic kidney disease patients. Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Respondents involved in experienced near-accidents The Stress Coping Questionnaire (CAE), Spanish and crashes leading to injuries. The questionnaire FP-195: Quality of life versions of SF36 and Generalized Self-efficacy included big five factor of personality. Results (EAG) was used to assess the coping, quality of showed that those who scored high on neuroticism life and self-efficacy respectively. The treatment Testing a model of health-related internet use (p,/05) and those who scored low on openness adherence was estimated through biochemical and disease coping among individuals living with (p,/05), agreeableness (p,/01) and conseientious- indicators and attendance of haemodialysis ses- HIV/AIDS nessr (p,/000) were more involved experienced sions. The results indicated that the coping style was Mo, Phoenix IWHO, University of Nottingham, accidents.kEY wORDS: Mental Profile, Drivers, the best predictor to adherence and its predicting Nottingham, United Kingdom Coulson, Neil Institute hard accident road, NEO-PI-R capacity was improved when interacted with some of Work, Health and, University of Nottingham, dimension of quality of life. The implications of Nottingham, United Kingdom these findings are discussed. Unrealistic optimism, impulsiveness and self- Objectives: To examine factors associated with construal of Chinese drivers and their disease-related Internet use and its effect on disease relationship to risky driving behaviors coping among HIV+ individuals. Methods: 640 Depression and quality of life in cancer patients Jiang, Li Institute of Psychology, CAS, Beijing, HIV+ participants completed an online survey. with and without pain People’s Republic of China Li, Yongjuan Institute of Measures included: demographic and medical Tavoli, Azadeh tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, information, HIV-related Internet use, health-re- Montazeri, Ali Iranian Institute for Health S, Iranian People’s Republic of China Liu, Xueyuan Institute of lated QoL (MOS-SF36), coping (Brief COPE), and Institute for Health S, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, physical symptoms (Symptom Checklist). Results: Roshan, Rasool shahed university, shahed university, 414 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Tavoli, Zahra Arash task occurred, under advanced warning about the Center for Knowledge Systems., Tecnologico de Institute, Arash Institute, Tehran, Islamic Republic of type of prime (anticipatory coping) or without it Monterrey ITESM, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico Iran Melyani, Mahdieh Shahed university, Shahed (retrospective coping). Results showed that ad- To describe Psychology development in Mexico, university, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran vanced warning influenced coping with emotional and to identify developmental patterns, a systemic Objectives: To compare depression and quality of events, as indicated by subsequent performance. science of science approach, holding interbehavioral life among Iranian cancer patients with and without theory for interpretation, was achieved. A concur- pain. Methods: A sample of gastrointestinal cancer Emotional intelligence and its relation to humor rent triangulation method design was conducted, patients attending to Tehran Cancer Institute were styles which included a quantitative methodology (scien- entered into the study. two standrd instruments Pasupuleti, Subhashini Dept. of Psychology, Osmania tometrics), and two qualitative ones (historiography were used to measure quality of life (EORTC QLQ- and semi structured interview). 1130 indexed C30), and depression (HADS). Results: 142 patients University, Hyderabad, India abstracts, authored by Mexican psychologists were were studied. Cancer patients with pain (n = 98) The purpose of the present study was to examine analyzed. Nineteen prominent Mexican psycholo- reported significantly lower levels of global quality the relationship between emotional intelligence and of life and higher levels of depression than patients humor styles. The study was carried on 200 working gists were interviewed. Results show five differen- who did not experience pain (n =44). Conclusions: professionals from different organizations in India. tiated periods, explained according to historic, The findings showed that cancer pain could affect Standardized questionnaires were used for collect- economic, political, sociological and psychological patients’ quality of life, and emotional status. ing data. The results of the study showed that dimensions, as well as several patterns related to emotional intelligence is positively correlated with science development. Data allow planning for affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor while it better future. Psychology of science double reflexive FP-196: Regulation of emotion is negatively correlated with aggressive humor and role is emphasized. self-depreciating humor. The results also showed A dimensional model of adaptive emotional that job tenure had an impact on emotional functioning intelligence and certain humor styles. Implications Crisis in psychiatric care in low and middle- Schutte, Nicola Dept. of Psychology, University of of the study along with suggestions for further income countries: The role to be played by New England, Armidale, Australia Malouff, JOhn research have also been discussed in this study. psychology and allied health services Dept. of Psychology, University of New England, Tsang, Hing Singapore, Singapore ‘‘Every year up to 30 % of the population world- Armidale, NSW, Australia The processes of emotional regulation on love wide has some form of mental disorder, and at least Objectives: This theoretical paper presents a multi- dissolution dimensional model of adaptive emotional function- two-thirds of those people receive no treatment, Sa´ nchez Arago´ n, Rozzana Dept. of Social Psychology, ing that holds that ability and trait conceptualiza- even in countries with the most resources’’ (Lancet, UNAM, Me´xico City, Mexico tions of emotional functioning are complementary When a romantic relationship is finished, its 2007). The situation is much worse in low and dimensions. This multi-dimensional model further members experience a particular emotional process middle-income countries. Psychiatric treatment is posits that emotional self-efficacy, states related to of mourning. Gross & Thompson (2007) propose not available. While a range of psychological and positive emotional functioning, and situations that five processes in charge to identify the emotional allied health interventions have been found to be facilitate emotional functioning contribute to adap- regulation strategies (from selection of situation to beneficial in improving mental health, focusing on tive emotional processes. The model sets out how action) used for the individual when he/she cope the Lancet Global Mental Health Series 2007, this these different dimensions may influence one with an emotion. Considering their ideas, the paper discusses the value of non-medical ap- another and examines how the interaction between current research was oriented to: a) develop and proaches to mental disorders such as psychological dimensions of emotional functioning may lead to validate a measure of the processes in the context of interventions in low and middle-income countries. positive life outcomes. Some preliminary empirical romantic relationship dissolution, and b) identify evidence supports aspects of the multi-dimensional the specific ways to regulate the emotions involved model. (i.e. sadness, fear and anger). Data from 100 A comparative study of historical and Mexican males and females will be discussed at philosophical contexts of experimental psychology; philosophical history of psychology An event-related potential study of implicit light of the theory and actual research. in Iran attitude to emotion regulation influence on emotional attention performance Hatami, Javad Psychology, University of Tehran, Mindfulness, acceptance, and "meta-emotions": Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Sang Biao, P. R. Dept. of Psychology, East China Differentiating processes in experiential modern psychology in Iran is more than eighty Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of avoidance in non-clinical and clinical samples China Liu, Junsheng Department of Psychology, years old. In his relatively long period of existence, Mitmansgruber, Horst Department of Medical Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Iran’s psychology couldn’t get a worthy position in Psycholo, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Republic of China society of world psychologists. There are different Austria Beck, Thomas N. Department of Medical Previous research has showen that implicit attitude educational & sociological explanations for this Psycholo, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, to emotion regulation could influence emotion failure. In this article we emphasis on historical & Austria Schu¨ ßler, Gerhard Department of Medical regulation without the cognitive costs.However, philosophical aspects. The aim of this study is Psycholo, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, little is known about how to achieve this. In this comparing philosophical and cultural foundations Austria study, ERPs were recorded from 15 participants Three studies illuminate the role of facets within the of modern psychology with philosophical history of with different implicit attitudes to emotion regula- mindfulness/acceptance-spectrum for psychological psychology in Iran. tion. The participants were presented slides of well-being (PWB): experiential avoidance, mindful International Affective Picture System posing 25 awareness, "meta-emotions". Method: Study1 as- negative and 25 neutral pictures, and the P1 30 years of psychological practice in the power sessed medical students (n=334/n=222) for the component of the event-related brain potential industry of Moldavian Republic: Facts, development of the Meta-Emotion-Scale. Study2 was used as a proximal index of attention allocation difficulties, goals compared 134 expert paramedics with 105 novices to valanced stimuli.The results indicated that the P1 Zolotova, Natalia Dept. of Human Resources, GE, for changes in mindfulness/acceptance with accu- amplitudes and latencies differ between two differ- Chisinau, Moldova Podshivalkina, Valentina General

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 mulating experience of potentially traumatic inci- ent groups, which suggested that implicit attitude to and Social psichology, Odessas State University, dents. Study3 assessed changes on mindfulness emotion regulation could modulate the early Odessa, Ukraine measures in 293 patients in a psychosomatic clinic emotional processing. In this work the history of psychological evolution which were used to predict changes in symptoms in the power industry, through the prism of it’s and PWB. Results and conclusions: The facets historical development, is observed. In 1976 when explained large amounts of variance on PWB (52% Getting ready for emotional events: A new the power industry was intensively developing to 60%). Inclusion of meta-emotions allowed for the paradigm to investigate anticipatory coping psychologists appeared in it. Different types of identification of important processes in emotion Kazen, Miguel Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t work where conducted in the following directions: o Osnabru¨ ck, Osnabru¨ ck, Germany regulation. Personnel selection o Specialist adaptation o The Most studies on emotion regulation deal with formation of personnel reserve o Sociological psychological repair effects after negative events whereas people sometimes are able to psychologi- FP-197: Psychology and national survey. This was the period of information gather- cally prepare to cope with certain and impending development I ing. Later the period of stagnation began which negative and positive emotional events. Does consisted in perfection of usable technologies. The advance warning of an emotional event help or Scientific disciplines developmental patterns: power industry was separated in the early 90’s. interfere with subsequent task performance? Two Psychology in Mexico, 1950-2005. Main tasks these days are: o Use of experience from studies are reported in which participants were Morales Nasser, Alejandra Carolina Center for American and European schools of professional presented with an emotional or neutral prime word Knowledge Systems., ITESM, Monterrey, Nuevo selection. o Work In harmonization of collective shortly before an unrelated imperative cognitive Leon, Mexico Carrillo-Gamboa, Francisco Javier and the personality of a specialist. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 415

Promoting school achievement and the renewal 4. Which factors determine the inventor’s success? FP-199: Psycholinguistics of teaching methods and educational policies: 5. What are differences between inventor experts Recent developments in Portuguese educational and novices? 6. How can the performance of an Synesthesia and language: Sound/concept and psychology inventor be assessed? We searched PsycINFO and grapheme/concept adequacy evaluation of Viegas-Abreu, Manuel Dept. of Psychology, the Psyndex-database from 1990 onwards. The linguistic signs University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Paixao, literature on inventors respectively inventing was Grantyn, Rosemarie Entwicklungspsychologie, Maria Paula Dept. of Psychology, University of reviewed with a primary focus on empirical Institut fu¨ r Neurophysiologie, Berlin, Germany Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Grantyn, Inga Inst. fu¨ r Romanistik, Humboldt- Contributing to the erradication of school under- research. An integrated psychological model of invention has been developed and will be presented. Universita¨t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Betances, achievement continues to be one of the most David Developmental Physiology, Institute for It also includes results and data from our own important themes in Educational Psychology, both Neurophysiology, Berlin, Germany Knauer, Gabriele at a theoretical and at a pratical level. Several research. Institute for Romance Studies, Humboldt University research and intervention programmes were thus Berlin, Berlin, Germany developped in Portugal during the second half of A central principle of linguistics (Saussure 1916) the 20th century, namely those funded by the Correlates of creativity in research and development scientists assumes that the connection between a concept Foundation for Science and Technology that were ("signified") and the spoken/written representation carried out under our supervision at the University Misra, Nishi Dept. of Psychology, DIPR, DRDO, Delhi, India of the latter ("signifier") is entirely arbitrary. We of Coimbra. In line with our main results, promot- have developed a set of tests to address this ing strategies of learning motivation, the renewal of Objectives: Present study was conducted to (i) determine age, discipline and gender differences in hypothesis and obtained evidence suggesting that, teaching methods and,mainly, new directions for in contrast to Saussure’s principle, an iconic scientific creativity, (ii) determine a profile of educational policies are the main roots proposed for relation between the signifier and the signified the required developments in this area. creative scientists. Method: Sample comprised 100 may on some occasions exist. We refer to this R&D scientists; aged 25 to 55 years. ‘F’ ratios and phenomenon as "iconic synesthesia". Our results A series of studies on Chinese farmers’ career multiple regression analysis were computed. Re- lead to the question to what extent iconic synesthe- choice consideration sults: Non-significant differences on gender and age sia contributes to early language acquisition, Zheng, Quanquan Psychology, Zhejiang University, and significant discipline-wise differences were especially in the case of concrete, simple linguistic Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China obtained. Creative scientists scored average on signs with obvious sensory characteristics. Study 1 The Study of Contemporary Farmers’ neuroticism and extraversion, high on internal Work Value and Its Influential Factors The present locus of control, used a mix of intuitive and The shape of words in the brain researchmade a systematic analysis of farmers’ systematic cognitive style, scored high on personal Kovic, Vanja Experimental Psychology, Oxford work value, work value structure and the influence accomplishment, were moderately motivated and University, Oxford, United Kingdom of different variables on farmers’ work value. Study encountered less workplace barriers. Conclusions: Here we present new neurophysiological and 2 The Study of Contemporary Farmers ’ Social Factors promoting creativity in R&D scientists are behavioural evidence for the psychological reality Support Using the survey method, taking 1607 discussed. of sound-symbolism which implies some naturally- farmers coming from Zhejiang and other 14 biased mappings between linguistic signs and their provinces as the sample, made a systematic analysis referents. We designed a categorisation task which of farmers’ social support. Study 3 The Influence of Fluency, originality and flexibility: Does the captures processes involved in natural language Career Cognition and Social Support on Chinese scoring method affect the relationship of interpretation and found that undergraduate stu- Farmers’ Career Choice Consideration The hy- creativity, intelligence and personality? dents were faster to categorise novel objects when pothetical model of influences of career cognition Gelleri, Petra Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Hohenheim label-object mappings are sound-symbolic than and social supports on Chinese farmers’ career Universita¨ t, Stuttgart, Germany Winzen, Julia when they are not. Moreover, early negative interest and choice consideration was developed, Psychology, Universita¨t Hohenheim, Stuttgart, EEG-waveforms indicated sensitivity to sound- based on data of 1247 farmers. Germany Schwarzinger, Dominik Psychology, symbolic label-object associations. This sensitivity Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany Go¨ rlich, to sound-symbolic label-object associations may FP-198: Progress in creativity Yvonne Psychology, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, reflect a more general process of auditory-visual research Germany Schuler, Heinz Psychology, Hohenheim feature integration where properties of auditory University, Stuttgart, Germany stimuli facilitate a mapping to specific visual In a variety of creativity tests, scoring only accounts features. Investigate the effects of family demographic for ideational fluency, whereas originality and factors on children creativity development flexibility of answers are neglected. Preliminary Khoshnevis, Elaheh Dept. for Psychology, Islamic Idiom syntax: Idiosyncratic or principled? Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran research supports the thesis that fluency can be seen Tabossi, Patrizia Dept. of Psychology, University of Ahadi, Hassan Psychology, Allame Tabataba’ee as a sufficient measure of divergent thinking (e.g. Trieste, Trieste, Italy Wolf, Kinou Psychology, University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Runco, 1986). Indeed, our findings support that University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy Koterle, Sara Using the stratified random sampling, 300 high there are high correlations between the three Psychology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy school students were selected. To evaluate investi- measures (ranging from r = .85 to .92, N = 91). Idiom syntax may be represented in superlemmas. gated variables, Abedi Creativity Test and 16ques- However, our results indicate that, depending on Alternatively, one may assume that speakers’ tion researcher made questionnaire were used. The scoring method, correlations with other constructs competence suffices to constrain the use of an investigation showed: * Creativity mean for the first like intelligence and Big Five-factors may vary. expression. The predictions of these alternatives child was higher than the other children. * were tested. In Experiment 1 non-native speakers Thus, we argue that scoring method has to be Creativity mean for girls was higher than boys. * were better at judging the acceptability of familiar A significant relationship between fathers’/mothers’ accounted for in analyzing relationships to other than invented idioms, whereas Italian speakers education level and children creativity score. * A constructs. performed equally well. In Experiment 2, native significant relationship between family economic speakers performed equally well in judging the Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 situation and children creativity score. * A reversed Two paradigms are two vectors of creating the acceptability of idioms, whether familiar or un- significant correlation between number of children new familiar. In Experiment 3 idiom acceptability and their creativity score. * A reversed significant Bogoyavlenskaya, Diana Lab. of Diagnostics, increased in pragmatically appropriate contexts. correlation between mothers’ age and children Psychological Institute, Moscow, Russia Experiment 4 showed that general rules of Italian creativity score. * A direct significant correlation A comparative analysis of creativity theory has limit idiom passivization. The results were inter- between fathers’ age and children creativity score. been made in different paradigms. The testological preted as supporting the competence hypothesis. paradigm where vector of development points A review on psychological research on inventors toward ‘‘breadth’’ and divergent thinking as a What eye-tracking tells about role-name Wolf, Katrin Hans-Sauer-Professur, Humboldt- creativity factor is represented by the principal processing Universita¨ t, Berlin, Germany Mieg, Harald A. Hans- ‘‘more-or-less.’’ Based on distant associations di- Irmen, Lisa Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Sauer-Professur, Humboldt-Universita¨ t, Berlin, vergent thinking does not guarantee gaining of a Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Germany Two eye-tracking studies assessed the effect of new knowledge. It only provides some possibility In this lecture we provide a comprehensive review grammatical gender and gender role typicality on of the international psychological literature con- for it. The paradigm ‘‘process-activity’’ where we role-name processing. Participants read passages cerning the following issues: 1. What is an inventor single out the phenomenon based on an identifica- about representatives of social groups (e.g., soldiers, like? What are personal characteristics of inventors? tion of the unit of creativity analysis by our method florists) whose gender was later specified through 2. How can the inventing process be described? 3. ‘‘Creative field’’. This phenomenon is a result of an anaphoric noun phrase (these men/women). A What are promising cognitive inventing strategies? cognition developing ‘‘in depth’’. mismatch between the role-name’s gender-typicality 416 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

and the anaphor (florists - men) slowed reading 3 years. Tailoring of interventions could be useful Health behaviors: The roles of social integration before and after the anaphoric noun. A mismatch both in the beginning and during the process. and ethnic self-identity between the antecedent’s grammatical gender and Davis, John M. Dept. of Psychology, Texas State the anaphor (masculine - women) slowed reading University, San Marcos, USA the anaphoric noun itself. These results indicate an Development and evaluation of a computer- Social integration (SI) and ethnic self-identity (ESI) effect of gender-cues in early stages of processing based counseling system (CBCS) to promote both relate to health disparities but the underlying and differing time-courses for using grammatical physical activity for patients with chronic disease processes are unclear. We hypothesized that inter- versus conceptual cues. in general practice personal evaluative processes link SI, ESI, and Leonhardt, Corinna Inst. fu¨ r Medizin. Psychologie, health behaviors. Participants completed measures Universita¨ t Marburg, Marburg, Germany Herzberg, FP-200: Physical activity of health behaviors, SI and ESI. Then, in a 2 X 2 Dominikus Faculty of Informatics, Heilbronn experiment they interacted with a stranger that was University, Heilbronn, Germany Marsden, Nicola attitudinally and ethnically either similar or dissim- The effects of antenatal exercise on psychological Faculty of Informatics, Heilbronn University, ilar. Finally they evaluated the stranger. Results well-being during and following pregnancy and Heilbronn, Germany Jung, Hartmut University of showed significant effects for attitudinal and ethnic childbirth Marburg, Inst. f. Medical Psychology, Marburg, similarity on evaluations, and significant links Rankin, Jean Health, Nursing and Midwifery, Germany Thomanek, Sabine University of Marburg, among SI, ESI, and health behaviors. The present University of the West of Scot, Paisley, United Department of General Practice, Marburg, Germany study identified underlying factors linking SI, ESI, Kingdom Becker, Annette Department of General Practice, and disparities in health behaviors. Effects of regular exercise during/following preg- University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany nancy were investigated with healthy primigravid Objectives: This study shows the effects of a women (2 separate studies –RCT and self-selected). Computer-Based Counseling System (CBCS) for Enhancing mental health in youth: Role of Aim: Note differences in psychological variables health promotion on patients with chronic diseases positive cognitive states viz. self-efficacy, between 2 groups - 1. Control - Routine antenatal (Murray et al., 2005) in Germany. Methods: In an optimism and hope Farokhzad, Pegah Psychology, Panjab University, care 2. Intervention - Adjunct, structured exercise interdisciplinary team (psychologists, general prac- programme. Psychological variables (early, late, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Askari, Amir titioners, software engineers) we developed a CBCS. after pregnancy).included positive/negative well- Psychology, University of mysore, Tehran, Islamic being. Tools: Psychological well-being scale, ma- In a pre-post design with N= 50 patients (coronary Republic of Iran ternal attitude/adaptation to pregnancy, EPDS. heart disease or diabetes type 2) we investigate Objective: This study has been conducted to know Statitical tests: Repeated measures ANOVAs, acceptability and effects on attitudes and self- whether positive cognitive states influence the follow-up multiple comparisons procedures (95% efficacy. Results: Qualitative results show good development of mental health among youth. CI), PPM coefficient of correlations. Findings (both acceptability and usability. Quantitative data re- Method: Sample consisted of 100 males and females studies): Early pregnancy - No difference; Late/ garding attitudes (Kiveniemi et al., 2007) and self- in age range of 20 to 25 years who were taken from postpartum - significant differences in outcomes - efficacy are being evaluated. Conclusion: Effective- university students of Tehran, Iran. Participants significantly positive findings on all psychological ness assumed the CBCS should be tested further for were given General Self-Efficacy Scale, Life Or- ientation Test, Hope Scale and psychological Well- variables for exercising women. the impact on behavioral and clinical outcomes and Being Scale. Results / Conclusion: Results revealed cost-benefit a positive relationship between psychological well- Psychosocial factors associated to physical being and positive cognitive states viz. self-efficacy, exercise in undergraduate Mexican students A biopsychosocial analysis of a health study in optimism and hope among the subjects. Therefore, Rojas Russell, Mario Mexico, Mexico Flo´ rez Alarco´n, children and youth from Luxemburg by enhancing positive cognitive states through Luis School of Psychology, National U. of Colombi, La¨ mmle, Lena Mu¨ nchen, Germany various techniques, we can improve mental health. Bogota, Colombia Herna´ndez Prado, Bernardo C. of A biopsychosocial model was developed to find out Population Health Res., National Institute of Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico the reasons for health and subjective wellbeing. Spirituality, psychological well-being and OBJECTIVE: To study the association of psycho- 1253 Participants were assessed in motor skills, subjective well-being among yoga practitioners social variables to self-reported physical exercise health parameters and health behaviours in 2004. Askari, Amir Psychology, University of Mysore, (PE). METHOD: 696 random-selected first-year The model was analysed using structural equitation Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Farokhzad, Pegah students answered a questionnaire containing scales modelling. The analysis yielded a good model-fit. A Psychology, panjab University, Tehran, Islamic to measure Self-efficacy, Readiness to Change for higher social standing leads to better eating habits, Republic of Iran the accomplishment of PE, Attitude, Decisional more reference persons being active and less sport Objective: This study investigated spirituality, Balance, and Subjective Norm. Self-Reported PE motivation. Active reference persons enhance sport psychological well-being and subjective well-being among yoga practitioners. Method: Sample con- was estimated in METs. Anthropometric variables motivation and both affect positively the physical were also measured. RESULTS: Men reported sisted of 30 advanced practitioners of yoga and 30 activity which itself enhances fitness. Fitness leads practicing significantly more PE than women. On yoga amateurs in age range of 20 to 60 years. They a multivariate logistic model (chi2(9) = 216.59, p = to better health and less health complaints. A were 37 males and 23 females from the SVYASA 0.00), volitional stages, self-efficacy, and subjective moderator effect of age can be seen as well as (Deemed University), Bangalore, India. Subjects norm were significantly associated to PE. CON- biopsychosocial interactions. were given The Psychological Well-Being Scale, CLUSIONS: Advantages of interventions based on Subjective Well-Being Scale, and The Spiritual readiness to change are discussed. Limitations of Transcendent Scale. Results / Conclusion: Signifi- the study are commented also. FP-201: Positive health psychology cant difference between advanced practitioners of yoga and yoga amateurs was found in Psychologi- Health psychology and health promotion in cal well-being. They do not show significant Psychosocial determinants are related to exercise settings: The development of a setting-based difference in the level of subjective well-being and adherence during 3-year follow-up of a lifestyle Sense of Coherence scale (U-SOC) spirituality. intervention Graeser, Silke Gesundheitswissenschaften, Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Hankonen, Nelli Health Promotion Unit, National Universita¨ t Bremen, Bremen, Germany Public Health Inst., Helsinki, Finland Absetz, Pilvikki The relationships of role ambiguity, role conflict, This study aimed to develop a theoretically based Health Promotion Unit, National Public Health Inst., role overload and mental health with respect to Helsinki, Finland Haukkala, Ari Department of Social scale following classical guidelines for test construc- type A and sense of coherence as a moderator Psych., University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, tion. The University Sense of Coherence (U-SOC) variables in employees of a steel company Finland Uutela, Antti Health Promotion Unit, National scale is based on the concept of salutogenesis Neissi, Abdolkazem Dept. of Psychology, Shahid Public Health Inst., Helsinki, Finland (Antonovsky, 1987), operationalized and adapted Chamran University, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran We sought to identify patterns of exercise adherence to a setting perspective. In a German university two This study was carried out to investigate the simple and associated psychosocial determinants in parti- surveys examined test-criteria of the U-SOC. and multiple correlation of RA, RC, RO and cipants of a lifestyle counselling intervention based Correlations and the comparison of means proved mental healt in employees of a steel company in on Health Action Process Approach. Based on statistically significant differences between the U- Ahvaz, Iran. The sample consisted of 196 employ- physical activity diaries from baseline, and 1-year SOC score and health status, mental health and ees who were selected randomly from the popula- and 3-year follow-ups, participants (N=260) were tion of the company. RO and RC scale, RO scale, psychosomatic complaints. The results of reliability grouped into never-exercisers, decliners, late adop- TAQ, SOC scale and GHQ were used to measure ters, early adopters and always-exercisers. We analysis showed a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.90 for the the research variables. The results indicated that found differences in self-efficacy, self-regulation U-SOC. Additional factor and cluster analysis there are negative correlation between Role Ambi- and motivation that predict adherence in ways indicated that the scale differentiates between guity, Role Conflict and mental health. Role consistent with theory. BMI of never-exercisers was groups. The results of the study underline the Ambiguity and Role confilict were the two inde- higher than that of decliners both at baseline and at relevance of health psychological factors in settings. pendent predictors of mental health. Sense of Wednesday 23rd July 2008 417

coherence and Type A personality had crucial Attitudes of Chinese commercial pilots toward trolled eating behavior, and higher levels of moderating influence. voluntary reporting systems depression compared to their low avoidance coun- von Thaden, Terry Human Factors Division, University terparts. Interestingly, individuals high in experi- of Illinois, Savoy, USA Li, Yongjuan Inst. of ential avoidance reported levels of eating pathology The effect of cognitive and metacognitive Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, and depression within the clinical range. training on self-esteem of high school female People’s Republic of China students in Isfahan City Objective: We compared Chinese pilots’ attitudes Esmaeili, Maryam Psychology, Isfahan University, toward their airline’s safety reporting system and a The role of superstitiousness on obsessive- Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Moradi, Azam possible anonymous reporting system controlled by compulsive symptomatology psychology, isfahan university, isfahan, Islamic their airline, or a third party. Method: We surveyed O, Jiaqing Singapore, Singapore Catherine So-kum, Republic of Iran Mahdavi, Saeideh medicience, azad airline pilots regarding reporting attitude and Tang Psychology, NUS, Singapore, Singapore university of najafabad, isfahan, Islamic Republic of motivation. Results: Pilots display significant con- Few studies have elucidated the relationship be- Iran cern about airline peer pressure and punishment. tween superstitiousness and Obsessive Compulsive Aim of this research was to determine the effects of Captains were more reserved about anonymous disorder (OCD), and none has yet explicated the cognitive and metacognitive strategies training on airline reporting than copilots. Both would utilize a specificities of this relationship. We hypothesized self-esteem of the high school female students. third-party system. Conclusion: Cultural influences that superstitiousness mediates the relationship Subjects were high school female students in and potential biases to reporting cannot be over- between a person’s external locus of control and Isfahan who were assigned in two groups randomly. looked. Chinese pilots require assurances which can resulting OCD symptoms. Further, the higher the The experimental group was under 10 sessions be enhanced by policy not currently present. This score on ‘‘avoiding’’ aspect (as compared to training of cognitive and metacognitive strategies will support receiving information from all pilot ‘‘achieving’’ aspect) of superstitiousness for an and evaluated by coopersmith’self-esteem question- ranks, consequently promoting system safety. individual, the higher will be the corresponding naire. The results of covariance analysis showed incidence of reported obsessive-compulsive symp- toms for that individual; vice versa. We expect to that there were significant differences between FP-203: Psychological disorders V experimental group and control group regarding observe these phenomena in college students by to self- esteem(P=0/00). The Results show that means of questionnaires, analyzed using factor Fibromyalgia and burnout: Same or different training of the strategies effects on self- esteem of analyses. Preliminary findings will be presented in types of health problems? female students; therefore teachers must trying for the conference. Andersson, Sven Ingmar Dept. of Psychology, Lund training these strategies. University, Lund, Sweden Hovelius, Birgitta Department of Family Medicine, Lund University, FP-204: Development in Lund, Sweden adolescence and young adulthood FP-202: Cross-cultural approaches Objective. To find out in what ways fibromyalgia in psychology I and burnout differ or are similar. Methods. I Questionnaire study of subjects’ cognitive and Process trust: A new concept and its application emotional appraisal, coping intentions and coping, Striving for multiple personal goals: What makes in intercultural business settings participants (n=300) absent from their jobs for 60 the difference on success in goal management? Clases, Christoph School for Applied Psychology, days or more with burnout or fibromyalgia type of Schnelle, Jessica Motivation, Volition and Emoti, UAS Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland diagnoses, the findings related to sociodemographic University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland The conceptual part of the paper will develop our and medical data. Results and Conclusion. Fibro- Brandstaetter, Veronika Motivation, Volition and understanding of ‘‘process trust’’ as a new approach myalgia and burnout may represent culturally Emoti, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland to understand the relation between trust and bound ways of dealing with situations that the People are generally striving for multiple personal collaborative processes in intercultural settings. individuals involved experience as overwhelming. goals. On the basis of theories of self-regulation, we Core differences to existing concepts (generalized Health-care workers, psychologists included, can analyzed the antecedents and consequences of goal trust, inter-personal trust, system trust, etc.) will be serve to reinforce a biomedical perspective on the conflict between work- and private-life goals. discussed allowing us to argue for the scientific and patients’ part, resulting in medicalization, surgery Longitudinal field studies with students (N = 283, or heavy use of pharmaceutical drugs. pragmatic value of the concept. With ‘‘process N = 59), cross-sectional (N = 102, N = 129) studies trust’’ we focus on the dynamic cognitive-affective and an experiment (N = 30) with employees were carried out. Results indicate that goal-conflict is evaluation of collaborative processes that may not Test anxiety in university students: Harmless associated with avoidance goal orientation. Addi- be grasped with existing approaches. The empirical tension or disabling mental disorder? tionally, goal-conflict impairs performance and part will report on outcomes of a study on process Fehm, Lydia Institute of Psychology, Humboldt- psychological well-being. The generalizability of trust in Sino-Swiss business settings. Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Priewe, Jennifer Institute of Psychology, Humboldt- the outcomes and theoretical implications with Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany respect to conflict in personal goal striving will be A cross-cultural study about cultural self-efficacy Studies on test anxiety are often hampered by discussed. in the preference of acculturation strategies at selection biases. The present study provides data work about symptoms and the extent of test anxiety and Occupational aspirations as a device to study Tabernero, Carmen Dept. of Psychology, University of associated impairments in an unselected student Mexican adolescents’ development and Cordoba, Co´ rdoba, Spain Briones, Elena Department sample (N = 489; response rate: 93%). The mean understanding of socioeconomic organization of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, score of the university students on the Test Anxiety Diez Martinez, Evelyn Faculty of Psychology, Univ. Spain Arenas, Alicia Department of Psychology, Inventory (German version) was comparable to Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico Ochoa, University of Sevilla, Co´ rdoba, Spain Cahmbel, M. those of high school students. Three percent of the Azucena FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY, UNIV. Jose´ Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, sample reported being significantly impaired by AUTONOMA DE QUERETARO, QUERETARO, QRO.,, Lisboa, Portugal Tramontano, Carlo Department of their anxiety, thus indicating a possible mental Mexico Virues, Ricardo FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY, Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, disorder. The participants ask for more information UNIV. AUTONOMA DE QUERETARO, QUERETARO, Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Italy on test anxiety as well as for effective coping QRO.,, Mexico Every day, organizations are more competitive and strategies, e.g., learning strategies. In recent research on social cognitive development, cultural diverse which necessities the development children’s and adolescents’ understanding about of new skills. From a social cognitive perspective, Experiential avoidance and eating pathology in a work and employment has been considered as part cultural self-efficacy is defined as a person’s of socioeconomic knowledge. Students’ develop- perception of their own capability to function sample of college students in Cyprus Karekla, Maria Dept. of Psychology, University of ment of occupational aspirations through different effectively in situations characterized by cultural Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus Kapsou, Margarita school levels allows an appreciation of their diversity. The present study analysed the role of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus comprehension of social organization and economic cultural regulatory and dispositional variables such N The present study examined whether higher levels expectations and should be considered by develop- as self-efficacy, leadership and intelligence to of experiential avoidance are linked to higher rates mental psychologists. Occupational aspirations determine acculturation strategies across four ex- of eating pathology. Sixty four first year students at were used as a model of studying Mexican perimental scenarios created with fictious news- University of Nicosia, completed a packet of eating adolescents’ comprehension of socioeconomic as- paper articles. A long sample from different cultural related measures, the Acceptance and Action pects related to social organization and occupa- backgrounds participated. Results showed the Questionnaire (AAQ-49), and the Beck Depression tional hierarchy. Questionnaires and individual interactions between three regulatory variables Inventory (BDI-II). Multivariate analysis of var- interviews were conducted with 360 adolescents and ethnocultural origin within an ANOVA. iance indicated, as predicted, that participants sampled from 6th, 9th and 12th grades in public Cultural self-efficacy played a main effect on the classified as high in emotional avoidance reported and private schools. Results show developmental acculturation strategies adopted. higher levels of eating pathology, more uncon- and socioeconomic differences. 418 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Representation of future profession: Change in The effectiveness of MBCT group therapy on Institute of Exp. Psychology, Heinrich Heine professional representation of students from prevention of relapse in depression University, Du¨ sseldorf, Germany incoming to outgoing in a higher institution Moradi, Mahnaz Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran The prime-response retrieval model of negative Crescentini, Alberto Scienze dell’Educazione, Alta Bahreini, Faezeh psychology, sahiandish counseling priming assumes that the transfer-inappropriate Scuola Pedagogica, Locarno, Switzerland center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Tahmasebi, prime response is retrieved in ignored repetition Antognazza, Davide Scienze dell’Educazione, Alta Siyamak preschool, university of welfare & re, (IR) trials. In three auditory identification experi- Scuola Pedagogica, Locarno, Switzerland Donati, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran ments, a cue in the prime signaled whether Mario Scienze dell’Educazione, Alta Scuola Evidence indicates that the risk of depressive as the participants were to respond (Go) or not (NoGo). Pedagogica, Locarno, Switzerland Losa, Franco illness becomes more highly recurrent. MBCT Go/NoGo cues were either simple cues presented Scienze dell’Educazione, Alta Scuola Pedagogica, (mindfulness based cognitive therapy) is a medita- before or after the prime stimuli or selective cues Locarno, Switzerland tion based psychotherapeutic intervention designed necessitating a motor discrimination in order to Teacher education is a debated issue, especially in to help reduce the risk of relapse of recurrent decide upon response execution or suppression. the current period in which teachers’ public depression. in order to study the effectiveness of Negative priming was found for all trial types, but representation is getting a gradual weaking. In MBCT in reducing the relapse, an 8week cource set an increase in prime response errors to the probes order to improve our academic programs, it is out for a langitudional investigation with 1year of IR trials was found only when the prime extremely important to investigate the representa- follow up. The analiyses of data indicate that response had been executed. This implies that relapse had accured 6.6% in experimental group, execution of the prime response is a precondition tion that future teachers have of their job, and how and 75%in control group.So it can be concluded for prime-response retrieval. the educational curriculum affects this vision: these that development of mindfulness as a life style can were the two goals of our study. We used an "ad hold a key role in reducing relapse. hoc" questionnaire, validated in process, and Neural basis for priming of pop-out during visual informal interviews. Results show that after three search revealed with N2pc: An Event-Related The effect of cognitive group therapy and years training, students have modified some aspects Potentials (ERP) study spiritual therapy on depression of teachers Cheung, Ching-Kong Dept. of Psychology, University of their representation, while others remain un- training university College London, London, Germany Eimer, Martin changed. Several dimensions of this representation Taraghijah, Sadighi Deputy of Students, Ministry of Psychology, Birkbeck, U of London, London, United show incoherence with reality. Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Kingdom Kiss, Monika Psychology, Birkbeck, U of Navabinejad, Shokouh counselling, Teacher,s London, London, United Kingdom Psychological technologies for businessman training University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Repetitions of target-defining features facilitate potential development Hamdieh, Mostafa Shaheed Beheshti University of, later reaction times in visual search tasks to Guseva, Larisa of Business, Ural-Siberian Institute, Associated professor of psychi, Tehran, Islamic discriminate the singleton target among distractors. Ekaterinburg, Russia Republic of Iran The effect, termed as priming of pop-out, was The problem of potentiality has always attracted Aim : The main Objective of this study is proposed to reflect an implicit transient short-term comparision of effect of two (CGT) and (SGT) the most rapt attention of those, who deal with memory, which is essential in focusing attention among Female depressed students of teachers rapidly. The present study aimed to identify the human being, behavior and activity. Some natural training university. Method: The sample of the corresponding event-related potential (ERP). The individual features, capabilities and inclinations, study 24 girls student randomly selected through N2-posterior-contralateral (N2pc) component, orientation and power of a person are referred to advertisement. Their depression was confirmed with which is sensitive to attentional selection, was the field of potentiality. The development of Beck Depression Inventory BDI and Psychiatric proposed to reflect priming of pop-out. N2pc potentialities has an overwhelming practical mean- Interview. snbjectsdivided to three groups ran- latencies corresponded to the behavioural effects. ing in the context of business undertakings. A domly: group 1 and 2 experimental groups and The N2pc onset was delayed in change trials businessman is one who takes resources, labor, the three (3) comparing group They were relested relative to repeat trials, suggesting that priming of energy and other assets and combines them in with BDI again. The two groups participaled in ten pop-out affects target selection. different ways in order to increase their initial costs. sessions of CGTand SGT. after doing group At the same time he conducts some changes, makes therapy BDI test was done, then the data was analyzed with (ANOVA). Results:CGT and Viewing static images with implied motion a new order of activity and develops a new social SGTwere effective significantly in Reducation of primes action-related stimulus dimensions context etc. The latest achievements in the realm of depression (p,0/01). . Fagioli, Sabrina Dept. of Psychology, University of psychology allow us to mark out the businessman Rome, Rome, Italy Ferlazzo, Fabio Department of potential as a complex of typical and natural traits Psychology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy of a person and also help us to stimulate its Experiential / Interpersonal group therapy for Hommel, Bernhard Department of Psychology, Leiden chronic pain: An extention of functional analytic development by means of authentication psy- University, Leiden, Netherlands psychotherapy chotherapy and leadership education. Applying of Observing grasping or a reaching actions improves Vandenberghe, Luc Goiaˆ nia, Brazil Lemos Barbosa the processing of action-related stimulus dimen- these psychological technologies to the practice of Ferro, Cristina Private Practice, Clinical Psychologist, sions (size or location information, respectively). psychological consultations and education allows Palmas, Brazil de Araujo Martins Queiroz, Marilene Here, we investigated whether the possibility to many young businessmen to satisfy their intention Psychology, Universidade Cato´ lica de Goia´ s, Goiaˆ nia, predict the course of such actions modulates the to perceive their natural potential, to learn how to Brazil dimensional priming effect. Subjects saw static manage their lives, to reveal their capabilities and, Pain- and stress-related daily-life difficulties experi- images showing either implied motion or the end eventually, to make their dreams come true. enced by chronic pain patients were identified to state of the actions before discriminating size- or also occur during the in-session interactions be- location-defined stimuli. As predicted, the dimen- tween participants in group therapy. Aim: Explor- sional priming effect was only evident after obser- FP-205: Psychotherapy - Research ing therapeutic possibilities of working in-vivo with ving images with implied motion, suggesting that and treatment methods VII these occurrences. Method: In three groups Func- the possibility to infer the further course of the tional Analytic Psychotherapy (Kohlenberg & Tsai, action plays a critical role for directing visual Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 1991) strategies were used to ensure in-vivo learning Group psychotherapy for gay men across attention. experiences during in-session occurrences of clini- addictions utilizing gradualism: Theory and cally relevant difficulties. Difficulties were categor- practice ized and changes monitored. Results: In-vivo An ERP investigation of the modulation of Greene, Darrell Darrell Greene, Ph.D., New York, USA occurring difficulties were frequent and diverse. subliminal priming by exogenous cues This paper advances a model of addictions threat- Improvements in Experiential avoidance (trying to Marzouki, Yousrii Labo de Psychologie Cognitive, ment called gradualism (Kellogg 2003; Kellogg and avoid feelings), catastrophizing talk and trying to Universite´ de Provence, Marseille, France Midgley, Kreek, 2005) within the context of group psy- control the behavior of the other were related to Katherine J Labo de Psychologie Cognitive, chotherapy for gay men. Gradualism attempts to changes in reported pain-levels. Universite´ de Provence, Marseille, France Holcomb, synthesize harm reduction and abstinence-oriented Phillip J Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Massachusetts, Medford, USA Grainger, Jonathan treatment perspectives. A discussion of the benefits FP-206: Issues in priming of group participation across varying addictions, Labo de Psychologie Cognitive, Universite´de Provence, Marseille, France levels of treatment experience, periods of non-use Prime retrieval of motor responses in negative Marzouki et al. (2007) demonstrated that masked and psychological commitment to abstinence or priming: Findings in a Go/NoGo task paradigm repetition priming of letter identification is affected behavioral management will be explored according Mayr, Susanne Inst. fu¨ r Exp. Psychologie, Universita¨t by the allocation of spatial attention to the prime to Yalom’s (1995) eleven therapeutic factors. The Du¨ sseldorf, Du¨ sseldorf, Germany Buchner, Axel location by an exogenous cue. The present ERP final section will present illustrations of the model Institute of Exp. Psychology, Heinrich Heine study provides a further investigation of such from the author’s group experience. University, Du¨ sseldorf, Germany Dentale, Sandra exogenous influences on masked priming. The Wednesday 23rd July 2008 419

electrophysiological data showed a significant FP-208: Dimensions of personality living.The model is being re-evaluated in other modulation of the amplitude of the P3 component II countries,including China and India by cooperating generated by target letters as a function of priming psychologists. Hopefully,it will also apply to and cue validity. Results confirm the influence of countries such as Germany. It has been used in Ambivalence phenomenon: Measuring and exogenous cues on the processing of subliminally Ireland. The instrument which has evolved from the studying the properties presented prime stimuli, and furthermore show that model has reliability at the .88-.93 level and might Lialenko, Anna Psychology, Lomonosov MSU, be replicated in other societies. such effects can be obtained in the absence of any Moscow, Russia Mitina, Olga Psychology, eye movements. Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia Osin, Evgeny Psychology, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia Health cognitions in Parkinson disease This work is devoted to the study and characteriza- Glozman, Janna Psychology Department, Moscow FP-207: Dietary behavior II tion of the personality and social properties of State University, Moscow, Germany Levin, Oleg ambivalence toward various concepts. Three groups Neurology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Adaptation and evaluation of an internet-based of subjects were considered: with ‘‘creative’’(1)/ Po, Moscow, Russia Sozinova, Helene Neurology prevention program for eating disorders in a ’’noncreative’’(2) professions, and those who are Department, Russian Academy of postgraduat, sample of women with subclinical eating currently diagnosed with schizophrenia or depres- Moscow, Russia disorder syndromes sion (3). Several indices of ambivalence were Objectives: To find out relations between patients’ Vo¨ lker, Ulrike Inst. fu¨ r Klin. Psychologie, Technische compared. Three aspects of ambivalence are concepts and efficiency of rehabilitation. Methods: Universita¨ t Dresden, Dresden, Germany Jacobi, considered: personality, linguistics, and social (con- 40 patients with PD and their caregivers were Corinna Inst. f. klin. Psychologie, Technische cerning human values). The results showed that assessed through Luria battery; Wylie Self-concept Universita¨ t Dresden, Dresden, Germany Taylor, C. individuals with ‘‘creative’’ occupation are charac- test; Spilberger, Depression, Quality of Life and Barr Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, terized by a high degree of ambivalence. The high Inner Representation of disease scales. Results: USA degree of ambivalence is accompanied by the high Patients with less cognitive disturbances, lower Women, reporting initial eating disorder (ED) degree of tolerance to uncertainty but also the high depression and anxiety, and balanced type of inner symptoms are at higher risk for the development degree of personal anxiety. representation of disease show better results in of an eating disorder. Preventive interventions rehabilitation. Internal representation of defects correlates more with emotional disturbances than should therefore be specifically tailored for this Taxonomy and structure of Persian personality- real motor deficit. Interdependence between quality subgroup. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to descriptive adjectives of life of the patient and his caregiver is revealed. adapt and evaluate the effects of the Internet-based Farahani, Mohammad Naghy Dept. of Psychology, Conclusions: Health concepts should be one of the prevention program ‘‘StudentBodies2’’ for women Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Islamic Republic main orientations in psychological rehabilitation. with subclinical ED syndromes. 90 women, report- of Iran ing subclinical ED symptoms were randomly This paper describes the development of a compre- assigned to the intervention or a waiting-list control hensive taxonomy of Persian Personality-descrip- Evaluation of the implementation of Corporate condition and assessed at pre-intervention, post- tive terms, organized in two studies. In the first Integration Management and the benefit for intervention, and 6-month-follow-up. Results: In a study six judges searched through a standard occupational rehabilitation in Germany pilot study medium to large effects were found. Pre- dictionary of the Persian language for person- Vater, Gudrun Inst. fu¨ r Humanwissenschaften, post results of the randomized controlled study will descriptive terms. In the next stage, personality- Universita¨t zu Ko¨ ln, Ko¨ ln, Germany Niehaus, Mathilde be available next year. descriptive adjectives were classified by six Judges Human Science, University of Cologne, Ko¨ ln, into different categories of descriptions. In the Germany Marfels, Britta Human Science, University second study, the 126 adjectives rated for self- of Cologne, Ko¨ ln, Germany Language acculturation and health behaviors in descriptions by 2400 students. Self ratings were OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Corporate Inte- Mexican Americans factor analyzed and were interpreted to be similar gration Management (CIM) is an early intervention Singelis, Theodore Dept. of Psychology, California to the Big-Five factors: Agreeableness, Extraver- specifically at work to guarantee tailor-made State University, Chico, USA sion, Conscientiousness, Intellect, and Emotional rehabilitation measures instead of pensions and in This study investigates the effects of acculturation Stability. order to prevent further work related injuries. The on health promoting behaviors, well being and project investigates structures and measures for health in Mexican American adults in California, Using the CPI260 for assessing the personality work related prevention and CIM. There are 630 USA. Participants (N=253) were interviewed by typology of law enforcement personnel participants in the nationwide survey. Data has telephone and completed the Bi-dimensional Ac- been subjected to univariate as well as multivariate Lita, Stefan Centre for Psychosociology, Ministry of culturation Scale, the Health Promoting Lifestyle statistics. RESULTS CIM has been applied in 49% Interior, Bucharest, Romania Grigoras, Calin Centre of the participating companies. Some of the Profile II, and other measures. Data were analyzed for Psychosociology, Ministry of Interior, Bucharest, integration measures are directly connected to a with a series of hierarchical general linear models Romania Stoian, Bogdan Centre for Psychosociology, successful return to work, which could be attained with education and income as covariates. More Ministry of Interior, Bucharest, Romania Stoican, in nearly 50% of the CIM-Cases. CONCLUSIONS than assimilated or separated respondents, bicultur- Constantin Centre for Psychosociology, Ministry of The results indicate that CIM is an appropriate als reported better health and performed better on Interior, Bucharest, Romania some health behaviors. The high performance and The California Psychological Inventory has been early intervention for occupational rehabilitation. characteristics of the bicultural group are discussed. used in law enforcement settings since 70’s for Supported by a Grant from the National Institute assessing both police cadets and police officers. Our FP-210: Child health II on Aging (#1R15AG19141-01) study uses the 3-vector model of personality from the CPI260 in order to investigate the typology of Dental health care and dental anxiety in school both managers and incumbents working in different children Family environment and self-regulation in cardiac law enforcement agencies. The study has three main patients Margraf-Stiksrud, Jutta Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, purposes: (a) to analyze how the Romanian version Universita¨t Marburg, Marburg, Germany Stein, Kalavana, Theano Nursing Dept., Cyprus University, of CPI260 is working in high stake setting, (b) to Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Stefan Fachbereich Psychologie, Philipps-Universita¨t, Lemesos, Cyprus Fteropoulli, Theodora Clinical compare the typology of semi-military and military Health Department, LONDON COLLEGE LONDON, Marburg, Germany Pieper, Klaus personnel with that of civil employees and (c) to Kinderzahnheilkunde, Philipps-Universita¨ t, Marburg, London, United Kingdom perform a latent class analysis on the vector scales. The present study examined the family environment Germany Preliminary results obtained from 250 subjects Objectives: Children with regular attendance to of Greek-Cypriot cardiac patients (N=55, X=60.4), revealed that the most frequent types are Alpha and their self-regulation cognitions in their attempt health care programs before suffering caries and (54%) and Beta (29%). decayed teeth should show less dental anxiety than to improve their health. ANOVA and Regression children visiting the dentist only for treatment analyses indicated that the presence of self-regula- FP-209: Disability and reasons. Methods: 300 children aged 6,10, and 12 tion cognitions was the most important parameter rehabilitation II years were participants of a research program to for their health improvement. Additionally, family evaluate the effectiveness of a dental health factors (cohesion, expressiveness and organization) A systems approach to working with persons prevention campaign, 300 received only basic facilitate self-regulation. In conclusion, this study with disabilities: A model from the USA instructions. Dental fear via questionnaire and points out that intervention programs aiming at Schiro-Geist, Chrisann Memphis,Tennessee, USA actual dental health care status were registered. helping cardiac patients to improve their health This will be a demonstration of a systems approach Results: 3x2 analyses of variance revealed lower should focus on the development of self-regulation to the adult development of persons with disabilities anxiety levels in children participating the preven- and that is of great importance to include family in the USA. It will be a system that can be applied tion campaign. Further investigations showed members and/or intimate partners in the whole to moving from dependence to independence,espe- interaction effects between sex, anxiety levels an effort. cially in the world of work,but also in independent dental status. Conclusions: Regular and intense 420 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

dental health instructions may reduce dental This study aimed to empirically investigate the Anxiety trait and death anxiety as predictor anxiety levels as a consequence of training to cope possible nonverbal emotion recognition deficits in variables of student’s anxiety reaction in human with dental tasks. dual-channel emotion expression context in the cadaver disection depressed patients. Thirty depressed patients and 39 Castano, Gloria Diferential & Work Psychology, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain Coping strategies and quality of life of patients normal controls completed diagnostic interview, Casado, Isabel Basic Psychology (Cognitive P), with asthma self-report symptom scale, intelligence assessment Complutense University, MADRID, Spain Arraez, Luis Kausar, Rukhsana Applied Psychology, University of (WAIS-III-short), and computerized Diagnostic Human Anatomy & Embriology, Complutense the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy 2-Taiwan version University, MADRID, Spain Study aimed to examine relationship between The aim is to analyze student’s anxiety response to Coping Strategies (CSs) and Quality of Life (DANVA2-TW). Results revealed that, after con- trolling for IQ, the depressed patients exhibited human cadaver dissection and their relationship (QOL) of asthmatic children. It was hypothesized whit general (trait anxiety) and/or specifics indivi- more accurate for sad and happy emotions in that: children would use more avoidant CSs; dual characteristics (death anxiety). Participants are avoidant coping has negative and active coping emotion-congruent dual-channel contexts, but dis- 325 students enrolled for the first time in the subject has positive relationship with QOL. Fifty children played positive bias toward happy and negative bias of Human Anatomy. The measurement’s instru- with asthma were recruited from a specialized toward fear emotions in emotion-incongruent con- ments are State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Situations hospital. Pediatric asthma quality of life question- texts. Association of depression and potential and Responses Anxiety Inventory and Death naire and coping questionnaire were used for Anxiety Inventory. STAI-E are completed at the assessment. It was found that children employed deficits in nonverbal emotion recognition will be discussed accordingly. moment just before and immediately after of the more CSs and avoidant coping had negative first and last dissection of a compulsory course. relationship with QOL. There were gender differ- ISRA and DAI are given a week before the first ences in QOL and use of CSs. Findings highlight The investigating of effectiveness of cognitive – dissection session. Results show individual differ- importance of coping strategies in improving behavioural group therapy based on Heimberg‘s ences which leads us to detect students with a diseased children’s QOL. model on social anxiety propensity to suffer a strong emotional reaction to Melyani, Mahdiyee Clinical Psychology, Shahed dissection and to do a preventive intervention. Stress levels of parents and siblings of disable Univresity, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Shairi, Mohamad Reza Clinical Psychology, Shahed children Does experiential avoidance mediate the relation Univresity, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Ghaedi, Rauf, Nelofar Dept. of Psychology, Quaid A Azam between anxiety sensitivity and alexithymia? University, Islamabad, Pakistan Gillani, Nighat Gholam Hosain Psychiatry, Shahed Univresity, Pennato, Tiziana Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Psychology, NIP,Quaid_a_Azam University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Bakhtiari, Maryam Italy Bernini, Olivia Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Clinical Psychology, Shahid Beheshti Univresity, Islamabad, Pakistan Pisa, Italy Berrocal, Carmen Psychiatry, University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Tavoli, Azadeh The purpose of the study was to assess stress levels Pisa, Pisa, Italy Guazzelli, Mario Psychiatry, University Clinical Psychology, Shahed Univresity, Tehran, of parents and siblings of disabled children. of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Islamic Republic of Iran Moderate and severely mentally retarded children Objective: to test a model in which Experiential Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine were taken as a sample. Results indicate that stress Avoidance (EA) mediates the relation between level of parents of mentally retarded children was the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural group Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) and Alexithymia (AT). high as compare to parents of non-disabled therapy (CBGT) with Heimberg’s model on social Methods: participants included undergraduate stu- children. Mothers of mentally retarded children anxiety (SA) among female students. Methods: At dents and non-student adults (N=177, males and were more stressed as compared to the fathers. first, Social Phobia Inventory (SPI) was admini- females, 18-65 yrs.). Measures of AS, EA, and AT Siblings of non-disabled children feel less stress as were obtained from standardised, self-administered compare to siblings of mentally retarded children. strated to 205 female students of Shahed University. In the second phrase of these 24 students, 16 questionnaires. Regression analyses were performed Their was no significant difference in stress between to test for mediational models. Results: while AS students were randomly allocated to control (8 sisters and brothers of mentally retarded children. significantly predicts EA scores, the effect of AS on Results also revealed that with increase in family subjects) and experimental (8 subjects) groups. AT is not significant when controlling EA scores, size and income parental stress decreases. Afterthat, experimental group was attended in 12 whereas the latter predicts AT. Conclusion: EA treatment sessions while control group didn’t attend mediates the relation between AS and AT. FP-211: Clinical / counseling in any treatment session. Finally, experimental and psychology II control group were examined by SPI. Result: FP-213: Cognitive information CBGT with Heimberg’s model has been fount to processing and learning II The roles of sensitivity to reward and alcohol be effective on SA among Iranian female students expectancies in the relationship between social and the effectiveness could be stable after 1 month Effects of a cognitive training program for entire anxiety and alcohol use school classes Hasking, Penelope School of Psychology, Monash Tiedemann, Joachim Inst. fu¨r Pa¨ dagog. Psychologie, University, Victoria, Australia Booth, Catherine FP-212: Interindividual differences Universita¨ t Hannover, Hannover, Germany Billmann- School of Psychology, Psychiat, Monash University, in the experience of emotion I Mahecha, Elfriede Phil. Fakulta¨ t, Universita¨t Victoria, Australia Hannover, Hannover, Germany Objectives To examine whether sensitivity to The achilles’ heal of hedonic well-being: Life It has been shown that training of inductive reward and alcohol outcome expectancies moderate satisfaction predicts happiness when life is easy, reasoning by means of an analytical solving strategy the relationship between social anxiety and drinking but not during demanding tasks results in transfer effects on intelligence and behaviour. Methods 454 university students com- scholastic achievement in reading and mathematics. Vittersø, Joar Dept. of Psychology, University of pleted an online questionnaire. Results Students As part of the reading literacy program (KOLIBRI) Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Alekseeva, Irina with a tendency to avoid social situations drank less of the Hanover Primary School Study, a five-week Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, even if they held strong tension reduction expec- cognitive training program for entire school classes

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Tromsø, Norway Røysamb, Espen Department of tancies and were sensitive to reward. However was developed for use in a cooperative learning Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway students whose anxiety was characterised by fear setting. A classroom experiment involving 300 Argues that satisfaction is typically felt in effortless were more likely to drink if they held strong third- and fourth-grade students demonstrated that outcome expectancies. Conclusion The relationship (hedonic) situations, but not during demanding training to reason inductively results in substantial between social anxiety and drinking may be better tasks. Hypothesized that life satisfaction (LS) is gains in (CFT-)intelligence in entire school classes. understood by examining different forms of anxi- biased towards easiness, making LS a strong Further evaluation shows high acceptance of the ety, and by considering trait characteristics and predictor of mood in trouble-free situations, but a program by both students and teachers. alcohol-related cognitions. weak predictor of mood during effortful tasks. Hypothesized that individual tendencies towards The effect of distractors on adults’ numerical Nonverbal emotion recognition biases in dual- personal growth (PG) operate in the opposite estimation with field independence and field channel emotion context in the depressed direction. Norwegian students (107) completed dependence patients measures of LS, PG, and then solved a problem. Si, Ji Wei School of Psychology, Shandong Normal Huang, Yu-Lien Dept. of Psychology, National Taiwan Participants reported mood before and during the University, Ji Nan, People’s Republic of China Xu, Ji University, Taipei, Taiwan Chen, Sue-Huei Hong School of Psychology, Beijing Normal task. Path analyses showed that LS predicted mood Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Bei Jing, People’s Republic of China University, Taipei, Taiwan Tseng, Huai-Hsuan before, but not during the problem-solving task. PG This paper aims to investigate the effect of different department of psychiatry, National Taiwan Uni. predicted mood before and during the problem- disturbing stimulus on adults’ numerical estimation Hosptial, Taipei, Taiwan solving task. with FD and FI cognitive styles. The results showed Wednesday 23rd July 2008 421

: 1) The RT of FIs’ was significantly different with ing the managers individual characteristics such as The expressions of emotion in different that of FDs under the condition of only targets gender, education, employment and management relationships stimulus,2)The accuracy of FIs’ estimates was also background (f=1.31).It can be concluded that Chu, Ruey-Ling Institute of Ethnology, Academia significant different with that of FDs’estimates short-term courses for managers were effective. Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan when distractors number was twice as targets.3)On This study aims to investigate the ‘‘normative’’ and the reasonableness of estimates,there was no ‘‘ideal’’ expressions of emotion in different relation- difference between FIs and FDs among three Adaptive design as training wheels for less- ships. Study 1 examined the normative expression disturbing conditions and between large and small experienced, older adults of emotion of Taiwanese college students in five number groups, respectively.4) As the distractor Bruder, Carmen Inst. of Aerospace Medicine, DLR relationships?parent, sibling, close friend, teacher, number increased, FIs altered their representation German Aerospace Centre, Hamburg, Germany and acquaintance. Study 2 investigated the ‘‘ideal’’ ways from linear representation to logarithmic Wandke, Hartmut Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Humboldt- expressions of positive/negative, and engaging/dis- representation, but FDs sticked to exert logarithmic Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Blessing, engaging emotions in five relationships. Both results representation. Lucienne Campus Limpertsberg, Universite´du of study 1 and 2 showed that the expression of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg emotion and the quality of relationship were Lifelong learning ’just in time’ gains in importance. positively associated, which means the expressions The influence of learning-to-learn on teachers Complex electronic devices require permanent of emotion should be more manifest in a good and students’ self-assessed academic successes learning. Older users with little experience in using relationship. In addition to the quality of relation- Sadzaglishvili, Shorena Assessment, National Curric electronic devices need support. Adaptive training ship, this study found that collectivism and inter- & Assess Cent, Tbilisi, Georgia Janashia, Simon dependent self could predict the expressions of Assessment, National Curric & Assess, Tbilisi, application turned out to be promising. Two emotion to the family. The cultural moderating Georgia Berdzenishvili, Tea Assessment, National adaptive principles are researched: the adjustment effect of emotion is discussed. Curric & Assess, Tbilisi, Georgia Tsereteli, Mzia of complexity to users’ experience with electronic Assessment, National Curric & Assess, Tbilisi, devices and adaptive suggestions through program Georgia control. In a training study both principles are Spontaneous facial expressions of emotion: Data The purpose was to assess "LtL" – whether teachers tested to their effect on older learners‘ training on surprise, disgust and anger and students grouped by their self-assessed level of success. The results show a positive effect of the Reisenzein, Rainer Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t success differ according to their LtL components adjustment of complexity to users’ experience. Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Bo¨ rdgen, Sandra and to reveal the most influential LtL factors; Our Program control does not affect the learners’ Faktulta¨t fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Bielefeld, sample comprised of 166 teachers and 1007 students success and reduces their self-efficacy. Bielefeld, Germany Studtmann, Markus Institut fu¨r of Georgia. Specially designed likert type ques- Psychologie, Universita¨t Greifswald, Greifswald, tionnaires measured the different components of Germany Weber, Hannelore Institut fu¨ r Psychologie, LtL. Analyzing results by factor analysis, non- FP-215: Expression and experience Universita¨t Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany parametric measures and regression proved that of emotion Results of three sets of studies concerned with, students as well as teachers having better perfor- respectively the spontaneous facial expression of mance on LtL are disposed to have better self- Approaching toward or removing from an surprise, disgust, and anger are summarized. The assessment. The most influential LtL components main findings are: (a) spontaneous facial expres- were revealed. These results show of high impor- observer: Is stimulus significance modulated by distance related dynamic contexts? sions are rare, even when people are alone and tance of evaluation of LtL in school assessment inhibitory display rules are thus presumably less Neumann, Roland Universita¨ t Dortmund, Dortmund, system; important; (b) if facial expressions occur, they are Germany Mu¨ hlberger, Andreas Psychology, typically only partial; (c) people typically over- Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Wieser, estimate their facial expressivity. The findings put FP-214: Education and advanced Matthias Psychology, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, into question the affect program theory of facial training II Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Pauli, Paul Psychology, expressions. Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Implementation of the project active learning in We test the assumption that changes in the teachers’ pre-service education perceived distance towards emotional charging FP-216: Cross-cultural Marinkovic, Snezana Faculty of Teacher Education, pictures affect the emotional significance of these Uzice, Serbia stimuli. In our experiments the illusion was induced comparisons II Implementation of the original Active Learning that IAPS pictures either moved toward or away (AL) model (developed in Serbia) during the from the participant. The intensity of the emotional Proverbs we work with: Using proverbs in cross- cultural research on the culture of work: A teachers’ pre-service education is investigated in response startle probe and subjective intensity methodological approach this paper. The goals: 1. analysis of the AL model measures were assessed. In two experiments nega- Wolonciej, Mariusz Inst. of Psychology, Catholic implementation in teaching on the faculty of tive IAPS pictures that move toward the observer teachers’ education; 2. program evaluation in two University Lublin, Lublin, Poland elicited enhanced arousal ratings and startle re- directions – to explore the students’ understanding Proverbs are pervasive in everyday speech and in sponses compared to neutral or positive pictures. of the AL ideas and students’ implementation of the human thoughts. The article introduces paremiol- AL in teaching. This is an action investigation: it’s Moreover, pictures that seem to remove from the ogy – the study of proverbs – as a way to investigate performed in real social situations; learning practice observer or are unmoved exert no influence on work culture and explore how proverbs can reveal is realized through the process of change. The subjective arousal or startle responses. These work culture traits of different social groups in the sample: the students of Faculty of teachers’ findings replicate earlier reports that movement of context of features imprinted in about 1900 Polish education in Uzice, Serbia. The research indicates emotional pictures enhances their emotional sig- and German proverbs concerning work. The article the possibility of Active learning implementation in nificance. describes the operationalisation process of the university teaching, as well as its effects and theoretical term work culture entailed in the brief problems while being implemented. presentation of the concrete empirical research Emotional coordination in spontaneous infant- method. Despite some limitations, necessary to be Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 father interactions during early infancy considered, application of paremiology in work Investigating the effectiveness of the short-term Kokkinaki, Theano Dept. of Psychology, University of culture research appears to be as a promising field educational courses from middle class managers Crete, Rethymnon, Greece in cross-cultural research. point of view This naturalistic study aims to investigate fathers’ Sabbaghian, Zahra Education and Psychology, and infants’ emotional expressions in the course of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic spontaneous paternal infant-directed speech and Dynamic constructivist approach to culture of Iran the preceding / following pauses across infant Hong, Ying-Yi Psychology, University of Illinois, This research investigated the effectiveness of short- gender. Microanalysis of infant and paternal facial Champaign, USA term educational courses. The samples were ran- expressions of emotions of 11 infant-father dyads– The dynamic constructivist approach contends that domly selected and their knowledge, attitudes and cultures can be understood as shared knowledge within well-defined units and sub-units of analysis – performance were evaluated. Data were analyzed (meaning) among group members, and cultural and chi-square analysis (significance level 1%) by ANOVA and T- test. The result showed: 1- the influences are results of the shared knowledge being short –term courses for middle- class managers provided evidence that, in the course of paternal (chronically or temporarily) accessible and applic- increased their knowledge (t=4.38).2- It increased infant-directed speech, but not during preceding / able in certain social contexts. In this talk, I will the manager positive attitudes (t=5.34). 3-It im- following pauses, fathers and infants (girls and discuss how this approach (1) sets the stage for a proved their performance (t=10.48). 4- Managers boys) match their emotional states and attune their paradigm change in studying cultural influences – attitudes had significant influence on the improve- emotional intensity. This evidence will be inter- from trait-like descriptions to process explanations ment of their performance (f=56.59). There was no preted in the frame of the theory of Innate of cultural similarities or difference; and (2) difference in the effectiveness of courses, consider- Intersubjectivity. provides a roadmap to study cultural influences 422 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

on behaviors. Empirical results from four studies School of Social Sciences, Brunel University, conscious knowledge as an important quality of will be used as illustrations. Uxbridge, United Kingdom incidental learning. To identify factors that benefit Experts solve problems quickly because familiar explicit learning, we concentrated on verbal repre- features trigger a pattern of thought that leads to a sentation by manipulating stimulus type or presence Does similarity or complimentary bring more solution. We show that a good solution that comes of either articulatory suppression or metronome satisfaction to Chinese couples? to mind can prevent chess experts finding a better tones in the serial reaction time task. Reaction times Lu, Xiaowei Department of Psychology, University one. The experts said they were looking for and explicit verbal knowledge were assessed. College Berkley, Berkeley, USA Peng, Kaiping alternatives but their eye movements showed that Results suggest that verbal representation leads to Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, they were looking at information relevant to the more explicitly expressible knowledge. Further- USA Gonzaga, Gian eHarmony Labs, eHarmony Labs, solution they had already found. The ability of a more, only subjects with abstract verbal knowledge Pasadena, USA Wang, Lei Department of Psychology, thought pattern to direct attention to information were able to use their knowledge efficiently and Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China relevant to itself and away from information decrease reaction times dramatically. Results of the researches on matching and marital relevant to alternatives explains why experts can satisfaction done in West were mixed. But the main find it difficult to assimilate information that might Intentionality of cognition: A systems-theoretical patterns seem to be that similarity could probably make them change their mind. bring more satisfaction. However, in Eastern Asian approach cultures (e.g., China), dialectical duality is more Tschacher, Wolfgang Psychiatrische Dienste, appreciated hence complimentary in dyadic relation Playing chess unconsciously: Subliminal priming Universita¨ t Bern, Bern, Switzerland is more prominent. From the perspective of cultural of conjunction stimuli is restricted to experts Psychology is frequently confronted with mind- psychology, the current study explored the impact Kiesel, Andrea Inst. fu¨ r Pschologie, Universita¨t body issues—is there a way by which mentalist and of matching of Chinese traditional values, person- Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Pohl, Carsten physical approaches to cognition can be integrated? alities, thinking styles and other culture factors to Department of Psychology, Lehrstuhl fu¨ r Psychologie The theory of nonlinear complex systems may offer 569 Chinese couples’ martial satisfaction. We found III, Wuerzburg, Germany Kunde, Wilfried Universita¨t steps towards a solution to this conundrum: An that the effect of similarity or complimentary Dortmund, Institut fu¨ r Psychologie, Dortmund, essential property of self-organized pattern forma- between couples were domain specific dependent Germany Berner, Michael P. Department of tion lies within its functionality, this being the on variables that are concerned. Psychology, Lehrstuhl fu¨ r Psychologie III, Wuerzburg, ability to respond and adapt ‘meaningfully’ to Germany Hoffmann, Joachim Department of environmental constraints. Patterns become func- Psychology, Lehrstuhl fu¨ r Psychologie III, Wuerzburg, tional because they consume in a most efficient Situated ethnic identity in first and second Germany manner those gradients, which cause their evolu- generation immigrants to Canada Experts in a field process task relevant information tion, thereby making synergetic pattern formation Noels, Kimberly Psychology, University of Alberta, more efficiently than novices (Reingold, Charness, appear ‘intentional’. We therefore posit that self- Edmonton AB, Canada Clement, Richard Psychology, Pomplun, & Stampe, 2001). Here we investigated if organization phenomena may afford basic explana- University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada Saumure, chess experts are able to detect unconsciously tions for the intentionality and purposive behavior. Kristie D. Psychology, University of Alberta, whether a briefly presented chess situation entails Edmonton AB, Canada a checking configuration. Thereby, check detection This study examined the hypothesis that accultura- FP-218: Emotions in interpersonal required integrating two features – identity and tive change in ethnic identity occurs first in public location – of the chess figures. In a subliminal contexts domains and eventually penetrates intimate do- priming experiment, chess experts but not novices mains. Consistent with this hypothesis, the results revealed unconscious priming effects. We conjec- Can children’s heart rate be used as a marker of of a questionnaire survey indicated that, for first- ture that experts acquired templates, that is, visual differential responsiveness to others’ varying generation immigrants to Canada (N = 266), memory episodes for chess configurations in which emotional states? heritage identity was stronger than Canadian the respective features are already bound. These Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Xenia Psychology, identity in the family and friendship domains, but templates enable complex visual processing outside University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus Warden, David Canadian identity was stronger than heritage of conscious awareness. Psychology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, identity in school and public domains. For United Kingdom second-generation immigrants (N = 248) this This study examined whether children’s Heart Rate pattern was attenuated, and in the friendship How does meditation affect cognition, emotion, (HR) can be used as a marker of differential domain Canadian identity was stronger than behavior and personality?: A meta-analysis responsiveness to others’ varying emotional states. heritage identity. A theoretical model of situated Sedlmeier, Peter Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Techn. Experimental induction was utilised. Children ethnic identity is presented. Universita¨ t Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany Jaeger, (N=50, aged 7-10) watched a series of filmed Sonia Psychology, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany emotion evocative episodes (i.e. sadness, anger, Kunze, Sonja Psychology, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Social inequality and psychological fear, happiness) while their HR was recorded. HR Germany Drechsler, Doreen Psychology, TU characteristics: The psychological gap hipothesis was higher in response to others’ fear relative to Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany Haarig, Frederik others’ anger (p,.01) but no other differences Brenlla, Marı´a Elena Observatorio Deuda Social, Psychology, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany Universidad Cato´ lica Argentina, Buenos Aires, across emotions were significant. Present data Schenkel, Markus Psychology, TU Chemnitz, Argentina suggest that children’s HR cannot be used as a Chemnitz, Germany This research tries to evaluate if socioeconomic consistent marker of differential responsiveness to Numerous studies have examined the effects of inequality affects the auto-perception of psycholo- others’ varying emotional states, but rather as an meditation. Surprisingly, there exist only a few gical characteristics, suggesting the existence of a index of unidimensional vicarious affective arousal. summaries that looked at specific techniques (TM) psychological gap. For this purpose, a question- or isolated variables (anxiety). The current meta- naire was applied annually to 1500 persons living in analysis (n = 136 studies) attempts to give a Interpersonal emotion regulation in the dyad: different urban areas of Argentina from 2004 to comprehensive overview of the impact of medita- How do couples deal with each other’s affective 2007 (panel study). Brief versions of tests were tion on psychological (non-physiological) measures states in daily life? included in order to assess locus of control, in the (non-clinical) adult population. The effect Horn, Andrea B. NCCR, Clinical Psychology,

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 personal projects, psychological distress and verbal sizes are rather large for all groups of variables University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Molina, comprehension. The results show significant differ- showing that meditation can be a powerful means Louella NCCR, University Fribourg, Clin.Psy., ences between the people belonging to lower classes to change aspects of cognition, emotion, behavior Fribourg, Switzerland Rieder, Stefan NCCR, and the people belonging to the upper classes. This and personality. However, different methods of University Fribourg, Clin.Psy., Fribourg, Switzerland information would indicate the presence of a meditation yield different effects and there is a Wilhelm, Peter NCCR, University Fribourg, Clin.Psy., psychological gap depending on the socioeconomic tendency that effects increase with decreasing Fribourg, Switzerland Reicherts, Michael NCCR, level. Key words: Social inequality-Psychological methodological quality. University Fribourg, Clin.Psy., Fribourg, Switzerland characteristics-Psychological gap Perrez, Meinrad NCCR, University Fribourg, Clin.Psy., Fribourg, Switzerland ‘‘Tell it and you know it – don’t tell it, don’t know Emotion regulation is related with individual health FP-217: Conscious and it!’’: Verbal representation as determinant of and social functioning, especially in close relation- unconscious processes II conscious knowledge acquisition ships. This study looks at interpersonal emotion Eichler, Alexandra Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, regulation strategies and their effect on one’s own Why good thoughts block better ones: The Universita¨ t zu Ko¨ ln, Ko¨ ln, Germany Haider, Hilde Inst. and the partner’s affective state in couples’ everyday pernicious "Einstellung" effect f. Allg. & Sozialpsy, Universitaet zu Koeln, HF, Ko¨ ln, life. To asses these constructs couples answered a Bilalic, Merim Inst. fu¨ r Neuroradiologie, Medizin. Germany computer-based diary simultaneously 4 times a day Universita¨t Tu¨ bingen, Tu¨ bingen, Germany McLeod, Learning need not necessarily include intention or in the run of one week. Emotion regulation Peter Department of Experimental Psy, Oxford even awareness. Whereas most studies focus on strategies are related with affective states of the University, Oxford, United Kingdom Gobet, Fernand implicit learning, we consider the development of regulating as well as the perceiving partner, how- Wednesday 23rd July 2008 423

ever sometimes in opposite directions. Including objective and subjective measures of trading per- Jan Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-Universitaet actor and partner effects studying health- and formance. Results show two main factors of profit Marburg, Marburg, Germany Stemmler, Gerhard relationship-related functional aspects of emotion generation. Considering subgroups of traders using Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-Universitaet Marburg, regulation strategies seems to be highly relevant. different profit strategies yields significant connec- Marburg, Germany tions between personality and trading performance. Objectives: Self-amplification (i.e., activation of Personality plays an important role in the decisions emotional processing) has been suggested as one Should I be nice or bad? Effects of discrete taken by actors in financial markets. emotions on negotiation outcomes stage in Lewis’ (2005) dynamic emotion processing model. A decrease of theta activity is expected to Volmer, Judith Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, Universita¨ t Erlangen-Nu¨ rnberg, Erlangen, Germany Emotions and financial investment decision- mirror self-amplification. Method: By conducting Emotions are central in social interaction. In two making repeated measures ANOVA this assumption was laboratory experiments, we tested the interpersonal Wranik, Tanja Psychology, University of Geneva, assessed in 40 students using pleasant, unpleasant, effects of discrete emotions (i.e., anger, happiness, Geneva 4, Switzerland and neutral pictures. Results: A significant decrease surprise, sadness) on negotiation outcomes. In Most investors experience strong negative emotions of theta activity occurred 2048 ms after picture Experiment 1, participants were confronted with when they lose money, and many overreact to presentation. This decrease was significantly larger an angry, happy, surprised or sad opponent. short-term loses and consequently sacrifice long- in high- than low-anxious individuals for unplea- Results showed that participants interpreted the term gains. We tested the idea that low levels of sant pictures. Discussion: The results provide opponent’s emotion and used it strategically. In earnings feedback will lead to fewer subjective evidence for the operationalization of self-amplifi- Experiment 2, we also explored the effects of losses, fewer negative emotions, and consequently cation and suggest the beginning of the self- information on future interactions on negotiation more long-term earnings. Examination of the stabilisation phase indicating the onset of an outcomes. Showing negative emotions in single underlying emotional processes showed that both emotional appraisal. negotiation settings does not pay off in terms of earnings feedback frequency and individual differ- concession making and participants’ satisfaction ences such as personality and emotion regulation Vocabulary Emotion Test (VET): Ability measure with the negotiation. Implications for strategic skills play a role in predicting emotional experi- of emotional intelligence display of emotions in negotiations are discussed. ences, risk-taking behaviors, and long-term invest- Taksic, Vladimir Dept. of Psychology, University of ment decisions and earnings. The implications for Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia Mohoric, Tamara Dept. of emotion research and personalized investment Self appreciation and affective temparaments in Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia strategies will be discussed. psychiatric nurses Emotional intelligence is usually defined as a four- Cordeiro, Raul CESM, Escola Sup. Saude Portalegre, level set of abilities (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). Portalegre, Portugal Medical decision making: Contextual and team Among these, ability to understand emotions is one Self Appreciation and Affective Temperament, factors in emergency care departments that can be best measured with ability test. have crucial importance, because this fact will Guglielmetti, Chiara Social and Political Studies, Vocabulary Emotion Test (VET) was constructed influence many phenomena’s in nursing practice, State University Milan, Milan, Italy Gilardi, Silvia consists of 102 adjectives (short version has 35 like the capacity of develop relationships. 47 nurses, Welfare and Labour Studies, State University Milan, items) describing emotional states and mood, and with average age of 38,57 years, working in Mental Milan, Italy Pravettoni, Gabriella Social and Political has correct answer, based on a solution from Health and Psychiatry, were inquired through a Studies, State University Milan, Milan, Italy Vago, Croatian dictionary (Anic´, 1994). Both versions Questionnaire of direct application, were intro- Gianluca Medicine - Clinical Sciences, State have satisfactory psychometric properties, with duced measures like: TEMPS-A Scale (Akiskal, University Milan, Milan, Italy reliability coefficient a=0.91. Convergent-divergent 1998), and Scale of Self Personal Appreciation Scale The presentation illustrates the results of a multi- validity was assessed compared TRE with several (Ribeiro, 2006).Results indicate a Hyperthymic methods study of four Emergency Care Depart- traditional intelligence tests showing it has 44% of Temperament. It was verified that women presents ments, based on the Naturalistic Decision Making unique variance. VET was translated in English and a higher Self Personal Appreciation. Affective approach. The aim was to explore the character- Swedish. temperament of nurses seems to be a good predictor istics of decision-making processes in E.C. depart- of leadership capacity in violence situation at ments and to identify the socio-organizational psychiatric services. factors that can influence them. Different strategies Emotion knowledge: Structure and temporal can be observed in daily work practices with regard organization choosen post-cognitive emotions to how this task is approached. Where the EC team Jasielska, Aleksandra Inst. of Psychology, Adam Emotional labor and emotional exhaustion: (physicians/nurses) achieves a shared representation Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland Meta-analysis of the role distribution, the continuity and pre- This study is based on the conclusion, that Sinambela, F. Christian Dept. of Psychology, servation of the patient’s safety is guaranteed. representations of emotions can be temporarily University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia Furthermore, interpersonal trust is a critical factor manifested in autonarratives. The subjects of this Supriyanto, Agus Sport Faculty, Jogjakarta State in the process of information sharing, integration exploratory study are two self-conscious emotions: University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia and utilization. shame and pride. The participants (N=72) were This study examined the relationship between asked to describe autobiografical emotional epi- emotional labor and emotional exhaustion by sodes. Then the subjects‘ accounts were categorized performing a meta-analysis on research studies that Perceived inflation: The impact of experienced by coders and submitted to hierarchical cluster present findings on relationships between emotional frequency of price changes in individual goods analysis. The result was a prototypical description labor and emotional exhaustion. Twelve studies Huber, Odilo W. Psychology Department, University of these emotions. Derived, exploratory results involved as a based data in this study. Result of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland provide mainly: 1) the descriptions of complex indicated that there was a positive correlation Perceived inflation refers to the subjective experi- emotions as emotional scripts, 2) the structural between emotional labor and emotional exhaustion ence of general price development. In contrast to characteristics of autonarrative emotions, 3) arbi- (rho = 0,394564; 95% confidence interval, CI = expenditure-weighted official indices, recent models trate the issue of ’’potential synthesis‘‘ in the field of 0,140265 – 0,64886). However we can not do propose the frequency of personal experience with postcognitive emotions. moderator analysis because numbers of studies are price changes in purchase of goods as determinant limited. Thus, this study can not explain moderator for perceived inflation. Three experiments investi- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 variables that influence effects size variation. gate environments with falling, stable, and increas- Affective interference in temporal perception ing prices. Different price changes are assigned to Constancio Fernandes, Alexandre Laborato´ rio de FP-219: Cognition in the business two groups of products with identical overall Psicologia, ISPA, Lisboa, Portugal Garcia-Marques, world expenditures but different frequency. Products are Teresa Laborato´ rio de Psicologia, ISPA, Lisboa, presented sequentially and prices are compared to Portugal Personality and profits of foreign exchange learned past reference prices. Final judgments of The presence of an emotion in a human face traders total expenditure change revealed that in all increases its perceived duration (Droit-Volet et al., Oberlechner, Thomas Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Webster experiments perceived inflation was dominated by 2004). Our study extends this effect to a new set of Universita¨ t, Wien, Austria price change of the high frequency group. emotions (happiness, fear, anger) and test the This study explores the role of personality in the impact that familiarity may exert on it. Participants performance of professional traders in the currency FP-220: Cognition and emotion I estimated the duration (between 400-1600 ms) of market. It explores strategies used by foreign neutral and emotional faces by comparing them to exchange traders to generate profits and determines Emotion processing stages and variations of EEG the extreme durations (short and long) previously connections between personality characteristics and theta activity learned. The analysis of bisection-points and trading performance. 416 traders at leading banks Leue, Anja Faculty of Psychology, Philipps- psychophysical-functions suggest a replication of in North America provided survey answers regard- Universitaet Marburg, Hamburg, Germany Chavanon, general overestimation of emotional faces. As ing their personality and mechanisms used to Mira-Lynn Faculty of Psychology, Philipps- expected, familiarity moderates this effect, not generate profits. Dependent variables included Universitaet Marburg, Marburg, Germany Wacker, because it influences emotional estimations, but 424 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

because it bias estimations of neutral-faces dura- mental paradigm, and showed that dysphoric (Struch & Schwartz, 1989). In order to test these tions. participants (who scored higher in the Beck assumptions, we used the Schwartz Value Survey Depression Inventory) gave less responses during and asked 283 Israeli and 225 Palestinian students the training phase. In Experiment 2, we manipu- Applying regulatory fit in education setting: The to rate the importance of different values from lated the participants’ activity level, finding that mediating role of prospective and retrospective different perspectives (own, typical member of their individuals with lower probability of responding feeling own nation and typical student from the other were less affected by the illusion of control. Our Fok, Hung-Kit Division of Social Science, HKUST, nation). Preliminary analyses show, that Israeli and results suggest that activity level could explain part Hong Kong SAR, China, People’s Republic of : Hong Palestinian students perceive each other to be more of the depressive realism effect. Kong SAR Yik, Oi-yee Michelle Division of Social different than they really are. Science, HKUST, Hong Kong SAR, China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Emotion understanding deficits and children Do age, achieved level of education and demands with learning disabilities The present study applied regulatory fit theory to on personal time influence values, motivation an education setting to demonstrate the ecological Tong, Yuehua Dept. of Psychology, Jinan University and approaches to learning? validity of the theory. In particular, we test if of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China Matthews, Bobbie Dept. of Education, Flinders students experiencing regulatory fit would achieve The present study was to compare emotion under- University, Adelaide, Australia Hall, Margaret M. higher marks in final examination than those who standing in children with and without learning School of Nursing and Midwifer, Flinders University, do not experience regulatory fit. Moreover, the disabilities (LD). Participants were 90 children with Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Darmawan, I present study also investigates the mediating LD and 90 children without LD in primary school. Gusti Ngurah School of Education, Adelaide mechanism for regulatory fit effect. Positive pro- Emotion vignettes were used. Children with LD University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia spective feelings and positive retrospective feelings demonstrated significantly lower level of emotion The changing demographic characteristics of stu- mediated the regulatory fit effect on academic understanding than children without LD. The dents in higher education are of concern to performance. emotion understanding deficits in children with educators. This is particularly evident in the LD included: (a) poor recognition of facial expres- FP-221: Clinical aspects of sions, (b) delayed recognition of self-conscious professional education of nursing students where the practical and theoretical aspects are combined cognition I emotion, (c) poor understanding of multiple emo- tions, (d) limited understanding in the causes of in the pursuit of an academic qualification. A emotion, (e) inadequate understanding of hidden longitudinal study has been initiated to measure Automatic processing of familiar and unfamiliar emotion, and (f) insufficient development of knowl- values, learning approaches and motivation that are emotional faces on Down syndrome edge about emotion change. extant in undergraduate nursing students at an Morales, Guadalupe Dept. of Psychology, UANL, Australian university. A pilot study has shown that Monterrey, Mexico Lopez, Ernesto Psychology, there are two distinct age groups; mature-aged UANL, Monterrey, Mexico Implicit associations among undergraduate students are more highly motivated despite their Down syndrome individuals (DS) were required to students who self-injure lower level of prior learning; universal part-time recognize familiar (DS faces) and unfamiliar emo- Cumming, Steve Faculty of Health Sciences, employment leaves little time for academic endea- tional faces (non DS faces), by using an affective University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Austria vour; and older students show a greater incentive to priming paradigm. Pairs of emotional facial stimuli Of 106 students enroled in an Undergradaute succeed in the program. were presented with an SOA of 300 ms and an ISI Psychology course, 62 were found to participate in of 50 ms. The goal was to test the hypothesis that deliberate self-injury. Comparisons between the recognition deficits on negative information re- self-injuring and the non self-injuring group sug- The role of appearance and sociocultural models ported by literature on this population includes gested differences in emotional regulation, alexithy- in eating disorders automatic emotional processing but not necessarily mia and coping resources, although not it coping Santos, Isabel Dept. of Psychology, Universidade to meaningful negative information. Results style. The implicit evaluation of injury-related terms Luso´ fona, Lisboa, Portugal Sima˜ o, Ana Psychology, showed that not all of the participants have a as assessed by the Implicit Association Task ULHT, Lisboa, Portugal Baptista, Ame´ rico recognition deficit on negative stimuli and interest- (Greenwald et al, 1998) suggested that frequent Psychology, ULHT, Lisboa, Portugal Esteves, ingly, positive familiar faces could not be primed by self-injurers have a slightly more positively valenced Francisco Psychology, ISCTE, Lisboa, Portugal other valenced facial stimuli but they were recog- view of terms related to injury. The relationship between appearance sociocultural nized faster than neutral faces. models, eating disorders and body dissatisfaction FP-222: Attitudes, beliefs and was studied in sample of 284 young male and Facial expression: The recognition of basic values female adults. The measures were the Appearance emotions in cocaine dependents: Empirical study Magazine Exposure, Appearance Culture Among with Portuguese Age differences on attitudes to over 50 workers Peers Subscales, Social Cultural Attitudes Toward Magalha˜ es, Freitas Facial Emotion Exprssion Lab., Cubico, Serena Psicologia e Antropologia, Universita` Appearance Scale-3, Eating Disorder Examination Faculty of Health Sciences, Porto, Portugal E´ rico, di Verona, Verona, Italy Ardolino, Piermatteo Questionnaire and the Contour Drawing Rating Castro Facial Emotion Exprssion Lab, Faculty of Psicologia e Antropologia, Universita` di Verona, Scale. In general, women are more exposed to Health Sciences, Porto, Portugal Verona, Italy Formicuzzi, Maddalena Psicologia e magazines, have more conversations with friends This research presents the effect of cocaine in the Antropologia, Universita` di Verona, Verona, Italy about appearance and feel a greater sociocultural identification and recognition of the basic emotions Venturini, Beatrice Psicologia e Antropologia, pressure and internalization. Appearance culture (joy, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, fear and Universita` di Verona, Verona, Italy between peers was positively related with eating contempt).The sample involved 70 Portuguese Workers in different life stages live together in disorder symptoms in both sexes, and with body participants (25 women, M = 30,5, SD = 4,2;45 organizations. The object of this study is to detect dissatisfaction only in women. men, M = 36,7, SD = 5.6) diagnosised with Induced the attitudes to Over-50 workers. The instrument is Disturbances for Cocaine (American Psychiatric an on-line ad hoc questionnaire administers to Association, 2000). The results confirm that the 2,762 Tertiary Sector professionals and managers. Meaninglessness in Indian context: An existential cocaine dependents present difficulties in the A significant relationship with age was found. The perspective Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 identification and characterization of the universal older (more so than younger) workers think: Upadhyay, Ishita Department of Psychology, basic emotions with exception of the sadness and competency curves are not linked to age, it is University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India Dalal, Ajit K. co´lera. The results confirm, still, that the women are ‘‘stupid’’ to dismiss Over-50 managers, the compa- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, more spontaneous in the identification and char- nies must highlight over-50 competencies, many Allahabad, India acterization of the basic emotions than men. Over-50 managers are dismissed when they are still The mainstream psychology has looked upon valuable workers, and they do not agree that they meaninglessness as detrimental to one’s mental are in the ‘‘waning phase’’ of their professional health. The present study is an attempt to trace Passivity associated to depression protects lives. individuals from the illusion of control the nature and occurrence of meaninglessness, as Matute, Helena Dept. de Psicologia, Deusto manifestation of an existential crisis. Narratives University, Bilbao, Spain Blanco, Fernando Perception of the potential enemy: How Israeli were taken from the individuals (N=25), belonging Psicologia, Deusto University, Bilbao, Spain Vadillo, and Palestinian students see each other’s values to metropolitan cities, who despite being successful, Miguel A. Psicologia, Deusto University, Bilbao, Spain Eicher, Ve´ ronique Dept. of Psychology, University of failed to find meaning in what they did/ had been Depressive realism consists of the correct identifica- Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Wilhelm, Peter doing. The initial reflection upon the data through tion of null response-outcome contingency by Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, the grounded theory approach reveals that mean- depressed participants whereas nondepresed parti- Fribourg, Switzerland inglessness paves the ground for a self-enquiry, cipants usually show an illusion of control. In In situations of escalated and open conflict the initiating a search for meaning. This search of Experiment 1, we replicated the depressive realism other group tends to be seen as deficient in moral meaning begins from looking within playing a effect with anonymous internet users in an instru- virtue and different from the ingroup in basic values pivotal role in resolving the existential crisis. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 425

FP-223: Attachment to the from 27 organisations (different industries) com- Partnership and personality in young adulthood organization: Psychological pleted the questionnaire. Principal factor analysis Lehnart, Judith Personality Psychology, University of surfaced four primary factors with good to excellent Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Neyer, Franz J. contract, ownership and scale reliabilities. These relate to the relative health, Personality Psychology, University of Potsdam, organizational identity unity, distinctiveness, and development status of the Potsdam, Germany Eccles, Jacquelynne Personality organisation’s identity. Results are reviewed in light Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Psychological contract and its’ formation under of other recent studies that used the instrument, and USA the collective culture which considered the relevance of the sense-of- Finding a long-term partner during emerging Hu, Ping Public Administration School, Renmin identity construct. The implications of the findings adulthood is- according to the ‘‘social investment University of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of for further research and applied organisational principle’’ of personality development -expected to China Liu, Jun Educational School, Tsinghua management are indicated. be related to personality maturation. Using data University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China from the Michigan Study of Adolescent and Adult Development, we compared personality develop- This study examined the Chinese teachers’ psycho- Towards an Eriksonian theory of organisation ment over 8 years of N=161 ‘‘partnership begin- logical contract context and formatting pro- identity cess(N=308). Results indicated: (1) the ners’’ and N=64 ‘‘singles’’. Transition to a romantic Van Tonder, Chris Dept. of Industrial Psychology, generalizability of 3 psychological contract forms: relationship was related to a decrease in depression, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South transactional, relational, and balanced was con- whereas self-esteem development was differentially Africa firmed, (2) The relational obligation was more related to relationship experiences for males and The purpose of the paper is to consolidate important than the transactional obligation, females. The predictions of the ‘‘social investment preliminary empirical progress in respect of the (3)Compared to the exchange idea as only mediator principle’’ could be partly confirmed and implica- Organisation Identity Theory (OIT), proposed by in West, career value was playing a significant role tions of the effect of de-investment are discussed. Van Tonder (1999). This theory, which is differ- in forming Chinese psychological contract, (4) The entiated from social identity theory and psycho- teachers’ perceptual relational support were more analytic approaches to organisation identity, is A cross-cultural typology of antisocial behaviour positively relative with the psychological contract strongly premised on an Eriksonian view of development during adolescence than the perceptual performance support. The identity. An overview of five empirical studies Morales, Hugo Faculty of Psychology, San Marcos authors discuss the implications of these results premised on OIT and completed between 2000 National University, Lima, Peru for the meaning of psychological contracts under and 2007 are provided. The findings of these Several causes of the adolescent antisocial beha- the traditional culture profiles in China and raise studies, which involved both qualitative and quan- viour seems to respond to the combination of many issues for future research. titative research approaches, converged substan- risk located along the different levels of human tially and provided support for several facets of development. This lecture revises the main explica- Can self-commitment compensate for Organisation Identity Theory. The (significant) tive theories about adolescent antisocial behaviour communication media effects? implications for organisations are briefly consid- and tries to reflect them, emphasizing on the Wittchen, Marion Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie II, Universita¨t ered. Taxonomic theory of the antisocial behaviour Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany proposed by Terrie E. Moffitt (1993, 2003) on two Computer-supported group work can complicate antisocial behaviour main profile among adoles- the development of team trust due to members’ FP-224: Attachment and cents: i)Life Course Persistent and ii)Adolescence physical and temporal separation, thereby reducing relationship from childhood to Limited. Some studies are mentioned due to the fact individual motivation and performance. Two la- adulthood that they confirm the cross-cultural validity of boratory studies (N=210) examined whether nega- Moffitt’s theorical model and its contributions to tive effects of electronic communication on trust, the design of treatment programs against youth The new criteria of attachment measurement motivation and performance can be prevented by delinquency. Matejic Djuricic, Zorica Dept. of Psychology, explicit (verbal) self-commitment to team goals. University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Stojkovic, Beyond trust-mediated effects, direct effects on Irena Psychology, University of Belgrade, FASPER, FP-225: Applied social psychology motivation were examined. In line with the Belgrade, Djuricic, Milica Psychology, University of assumptions, regression analyses and planned con- Belgrade, FASPER, Belgrade, trasts reveal that trust predicts motivation and The social inclusion of people with severe mental Exploring the set of changes on the level of global disorder through labour insertion processes: performance, and that trust level during electro- child behaviour in two different contexts of adult- nically-mediated communication resembles trust designing an integral assessment model from a child interaction, the new criteria of attachment particular case level during face-to-face communication only if have been defined, i.e. ‘‘ level of activity’’, the team partner expressed explicit self-commitment Farre, Albert Social Psychology, UAB-FDR, Barcelona, considering as the developmental derivation of the prior to group work. Spain Pla, Margarida Chair in Qualitative Research, baby’s complex of vigilence, described in russian UAB - Dr. Robert Foundation, Barcelona, Spain child psychology. Analysis of camera recorded data Crespo, Ramon Chair in Qualitative Research, UAB - Antecedents of psychological ownership: Results reveals the main indicators of high level of acitivity Dr. Robert Foundation, Barcelona, Spain Gonzalez, of a qualitative study with financial traders (during the mother-child interaction) and low level Inmaculada Chairmanship, Laboris, Barcelona, Spain Handy, Stephan Frankfurt, Germany Martins, Erko of activity (during the child interaction with the Cardona, Angels Chair in Qualitative Research, UAB - Organizational Psychology, University of Rostock, stranger), measured by: motor acitivities engage- Dr. Robert Foundation, Barcelona, Spain Rostock, Germany Nerdinger, Friedemann Inst. fu¨r ment, speech production and prosodic features of This project aims to design and implement an Psychologie, Universita¨ t Rostock, Rostock, Germany speech, social participation and social distance. integral assessment model of social inclusion of Interviews with 36 financial traders were conducted people with Severe Mental Disorder through labour to shed more light on antecedents of psychological insertion processes, by analysing the working and Attachment and change in adolescence ownership (PO) as feeling of possession towards the intervention method carried out by "Laboris" in organization (cf. Pierce et al., 2001). PO has Podolskij, Andrei Dept. of Developm. Psychology, Barcelona, Spain. A participatory methodology is recently been discussed as a decisive state explaining Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia implemented throughout its phases in order to Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 employees work behavior. On the basis of self- Hautama¨ki, Airi Swedish School of Social Scien, achieve its main goals: (a) Contrast systematically assessments of the PO-degree by the interviewed University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland the ground principles of the Laboris tasks with the traders we split the interviewees at the median into Attachment theory represents a developmental reality and their intervention strategies. (b) Assess two groups with high and low PO. Comparisons of study of the interaction between many individual the processes that occur in the context of their the interviewees’ expressed implicit theories of how and contextual systems and their influences on one actions (efficiency, etc.). And (c) Assess their results their PO was aroused or not between both groups another. Change in the individual’s working models (effectiveness, impacts, etc.) waited or not, in terms of traders are discussed to expand and detail the of attachment concerning the relationship of self to of social inclusion. existing models of PO-emergence. significant others is a developmental process of qualitative stage reorganization. Thus, the working models of attachment are qualitatively reorganized Transformation of functions of disaster On the nature of the organisational sense-of- as function of both maturation and context. volunteers in Japan: Action research projects identity Normative adolescent development in regard to Atsumi, Tomohide CSCD, Osaka University, Osaka, Van Tonder, Chris Dept. of Industrial Psychology, attachment is analyzed. The attachment patterns Japan University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South represent qualitatively different ways of processing Since the 1995 Kobe earthquake, disaster volun- Africa attachment-relevant information. The analysis of teers have become a part of Japanese society. The research endeavoured to reaffirm the structure adolescent socio-emotional wellbeing is elaborated However, their functions drastically changed at the of the organisational Sense-of-Identity instrument with the help of Marcia’s identity status approach, end of the 1st decade due to the 2004 Niigata that has been used in two previous studies. A and Blos’ theory of adolescence, paralleling Mah- Chuetsu earthquake. The present study describes convenience sample of 674 respondents hailing ler’s work on self-differentiation in infancy. the transformation of functions of disaster volun- 426 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

teers based on my own long-term action research Towards a unified theory of 3D shape perception These findings suggest, that expert assigned goals projects both in Kobe and Niigata. Ethnography Fleming, Roland MPI for Biological Cybernetics, increase performance, in beginners with MR. reveals that the roles of disaster volunteers changed Tu¨ bingen, Germany Relevant methodological and theoretical aspects from efficient disaster response as in Kobe to Objectives. Unifying theoretical analysis of visual yielded new research directions. empowerment toward revitalization of survivors’ 3D shape cues, including texture, shading and highlights. Experiments test whether we experience life as in Chuetsu. Implications of this collective Steps of social information processing (SIP) in illusions of shape predicted by the model. Methods. movement are analyzed from the perspectives of mild intellectually handicapped students across Model uses the population response of filters tuned group dynamics of the post-industrialized society. three school levels: based on Crick and Doge’ to different image orientations (cf. V1 cells). model (1994). Subjects viewed rendered images of 3D objects Bashash, Laaya Special Education, Shiraz University, Music to live: Children and young people and adjusted ’gauge figure’ probes to report Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran Venezuelan orchestral system as a constructive perceived surface orientation. Results: Model cor- The present study investigates the steps of social space for a citizen ethic rectly predicts both success and failures of human information processing (SIP) in mild intellectually Urreiztieta Valles, Marı´a Teresa Ciencias y Tecnologı´a 3D shape estimation across variations in texture, handicapped students across three school levels: del Comp, Simo´ n Bolı´var University, Caracas, lighting and surface reflectance properties. Conclu- based on Crick and Doge’ model (1994). A sample Venezuela Herna´ ndez, Marisela Ciencias y Tecnologı´a sions: For the early stages of 3D shape estimation, of 120 students (age 10-18 years old) were randomly del Comp, Simo´ n Bolı´var University, Caracas, seemingly different cues may have more in common selected from the exceptional schools (Shiraz, Iran), Venezuela than previously believed. The case of Children and Young People Venezuelan and interviewed individually using Tur-Kaspa and Orchestral System is presented as a culture move- Bryan (1994) social stories. The result showed that ment that creates opportunities for musical, profes- Linear systems investigations of the neural basis with increasing school grades, students demon- sional and social-labor development. From a of motion perception strated more skills in areas of representing, inter- phenomenological perspective, we explored the Wallisch, Pascal Center for Neural Science, New York preting social cues, clarifying positive goals and experience of participating in the orchestral system University, New York City, USA improvement in linking between goals and selected solutions. No significant difference was observed and its impact on personal, family and socio- The neural basis of motion processing is already well understood in terms of its basic anatomy and between boys and girls in SIP. educational settings. This movement is guided by physiology. We are using methods from linear values that emphasize conviction ethic -based on systems theory – specifically reverse correlation – to merit culture and social commitment-. The meaning FP-228: Creativity and culture I characterize neural responses in area MT. We show of the orchestral system is highlighted as a new that this approach is adequate to evaluate a social actor that suggest the construction of a How to improve design problem solving? quantitative model of the MT population response different type of leadership, a renewed citizen Hacker, Winfried Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Techn. and suggest it as a suitable method for psycholo- Universita¨ t Dresden, Dresden, Germany Winkelmann, culture that recreates and challenges the current gical investigations into the neural implementation Venezuelan scenarios. Constance AG, Technische Universita¨ t Dresden, of computational principles underlying cognitive Dresden, Germany processes more generally. Significant improvements of solutions in engineer- How AIDS in Africa is framed in the U.S. media: A ing design problem solving by the application of a missed opportunity for agenda-setters to shed FP-227: Children with mental question-answering technique (QAT) had so far light on the link between AIDS and global retardation, autism or Down’s been shown only for students without any training security, ultimately liable to affect even U.S. syndrome I in engineering design. Therefore, we asked for the citizens effects of this technique used from professional Tobias, Jutta Washington State University, Pullman, designers (job beginners: N = 42; experts: N = 33). Assessment and treatment of self-injury in one USA The participants were asked to explain, justify and student with mental retardation The paper’s purpose was to examine U.S. media evaluate their design solution by means of this Tang, Jung-Chang Chia-Yi, Taiwan Wang, Ming-Chua framing of the AIDS epidemic in Africa. Its main QAT. The results show significant improvements Special Education, National Taitung University, hypothesis was that leading U.S. papers signifi- also for professional designers with significantly ChiaYi, Taiwan Lee, Shu-Hui Special Education, cantly under-report the link between AIDS, pov- higher effects for job beginners. The effects may be National Kaohsiung Normal Univ, ChiaYi, Taiwan erty, social unrest, and ultimately global security. A explained by processing semantic relationships in The purposes of this study were to detect the content analysis of articles on this topic was answering interrogative questions. Consequences function of self-injurious behavior (SIB) and to conducted. Statistical analyses confirmed that for studies in engineering design are implemented. reduce such behavior in one student with mental reporters rarely cushion AIDS within its larger retardation. An analogue functional analysis was socio-economic context. This constitutes a missed used to assess the function of the student’s SIB What makes bilinguals creative?: A discussion of opportunity for agenda-setters to educate the public (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/ bilinguals’ development factors influencing their about this pandemic, as public attitude change is 1994). Results indicated that the student’s SIB was creative cognition necessary to generate general support for more maintained by positive social reinforcement. Atten- Kharkhurin, Anatoliy International Studies, American effective anti-AIDS policies. Recommendations are tion was further provided noncontingently via an University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates provided to re-frame the AIDS crisis in the media. ABAB reversal design to compete with the con- The tested hypothesis is that bilingualism en- sequence of reinforcement from SIB. Results courages divergent thinking and cognitive flexibil- demonstrated attention could be successfully used ity, which together facilitate creative thought. Farsi- FP-226: Space, shape, and motion to decrease the SIB of this student. Keywords: self- English bilinguals from UAE and Farsi monolin- II injurious behavior, functional analysis, mental guals from Iran were tested on Abbreviated retardation Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA), Invented Alien Adaptive focusing of spatial attention in the Creatures (IAC) task, and culture fair intelligence test (CFIT). Bilinguals were classified by their age flanker task The effects of goal setting on performance of a Wendt, Mike Fachbereich Psychologie, Universita¨t of English acquisition (AoE) and linguistic profi- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 motor skill of persons with borderline ciency (PNT). A series of correlational analyses, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Luna-Rodriguez, intelligence and mild mental retardation. ANOVAs, and regression analyses showed bilin- Aquiles Institut fu¨ r Kognitionsforschu, Helmut- Askita, Maria Thessaloniki, Greece Kokaridas, Schmidt-Universita¨ t, Hamburg, Germany guals’ significant advantages on ATTA’s innovative Dimitris Physical Education and Sport S, Univercity of capacity, IAC’s invariant violation, and CFIT’s Current models of cognitive control assume that Thessaly, Trikala, Greece Theodorakis, Yannis frequent conflict evoked by processing irrelevant intelligence. Bilinguals’ AoE and PNT had a Physical Education and Sport S, Univercity of significant influence on ATTA’s generative capa- stimuli results in adaptive focusing on target Thessaly, Trikala, Greece city. The results are discussed in terms of how the stimulus information. Consistently, conflict fre- The purpose of this investigation was to examine specific structure of bilinguals’ memory can facil- quency is negatively related to interference elicited the effects of goal setting on performance of an itate their creative thinking. by processing irrelevant stimulus features. We unfamiliar motor skill in people with borderline investigated whether in the Eriksen flanker task intelligence and mild mental retardation. The conflict-frequency-related interference reduction re- empirical studies review lean towards the assigned How does mood influence creative performance flects focusing of spatial attention. To this end, we goals condition. Participants (N = 36) were assigned Cervai, Sara Dept. of Political Sciences, University of intermixed a visual search task and flanker task to one of three goal setting conditions: a) control Trieste, Trieste, Italy Borelli, Massimo Gen. Surg. Int. trials. Search times increased with the distance from group, b) assigned group and c) self set group. After Care Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy the flanker task’s target location and this gradient the baseline, the groups were provided with Aim of the research is to explore if and how mood was more pronounced with frequent than with rare different instuctions and tested again.Wilcoxon’s can be associated to creative performance. A flanker-target conflict, thus supporting the idea of analysis indicated a significant improvement on the sample of students (50% male and 50% female) conflict-induced focusing of spatial attention. performance in the assigned goals group (p , .05). between 20 and 30 years old were involved Wednesday 23rd July 2008 427

answering to POMS – Profile of Mood State FP-230: Dysfunctional social were assessed via pre- and post- intervention with (McNair, 1981) and to a paper and pen brainstorm- behaviors in school: Aggression, several questionnaires. The results show an increase ing activity. Results show that no strict influence in the recognition and expression of emotions, self- between the two constructs arises in their whole; anger and violence I regulations and empathy between the pre- and post- conversely there is a strong association between the test and a decrease in the depression and anxiety. self perception and the creative performance. A A model of the personality and situational factors The training program may be adequate for the more sophisticated model has been created to in school microviolence evaluation and intervention of the emotional needs explain which and how the factors explored Cocorada, Elena Psychology, University Transilvania, of individuals with Asperger syndrome. through POMS are related with creativity. Brasov, Romania Clinciu, Aurel Ion Psychology, University Transilvania, Brasov, Romania Luca, Marcela Rodica Psychology, University Transilvania, Comparison of changes in mood: Cartoons vs. mood induction paradigm FP-229: Culture and human Brasov, Romania Pavalache-Ilie, Mariela Psychology, University Transilvania, Brasov, Romania Kohn, Nils Department of Psychiatry, UK Aachen, development III Studies focused more on general school violence Aachen, Germany Falkenberg, Irina Department of and less on micro-violence occasioned by educa- Psychiatry, UK Aachen, Aachen, Germany Scho¨ pker, Why Taiwanese students are quiet in class? A tional assessment. This study tested a model of Regina Department of Psychiatry, UK Aachen, cultural analysis of student response to teachers’ assessment-related micro-violence. The participants Aachen, Germany Habel, Ute Department of questions in Chinese classrooms were 629 students, average age 15.9. Personality Psychiatry, UK Aachen, Aachen, Germany Fwu, Bih-Jen Center for Teacher Education, National variables and assessment-related climate variables Anhedonia can be seen as a major component of Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan were measured. Annual assessment grades were also depression and describes the decrease or cessation Chinese students are often described by Western collected. The statistical method used was regres- of feelings of pleasure. Thus different moods and a academics as quiet and compliant learners. This sion analysis. A set of variables - intelligence feeling of mirth should be hard to induce in these study intends to investigate why they seldom (Bonnardel53), dominance, sociability (CPI), rebel patients. We compared patients with depression answer questions in class. A questionnaire of 4 spirit (Clinciu), and assessment climate (Cocorada˘ and healthy participants regarding their ability to scenarios of answering questions in class was & al.) and annual grades were included into a get into certain moods via an established mood administered to 250 college students in Taiwan. hierarchical regression model with R= .67. Person- induction paradigm (Habel et al., 2000, Schneider et The results show that (1) individuals answering ality variables and assessment climate were found to al., 1994) and humorous stimuli, by recording questions voluntarily care more about gaining influence 45% of the level of annual grades. electrodermal acitivity and facial expressions. Pre- knowledge, whereas those assigned to answer liminary results point to harder induction of questions are more concerned about appropriate positive emotional states in patients, patients show How to cope with anger in school context? less autonomic responses and changes in facial behaviors in social context; (2) compared with Maccabez-Arriola, Mo´ nica Dept. of Psychology, expressions. students who answer questions voluntarily, students University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland assigned to answer questions are more likely to be Retschitzki, Jean Department of psychology, regarded as being humble, a virtue in Chinese University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Association between postpartum depression and culture. The social-cultural mechanisms of these The study analyses changes of anger mental emotional changes after delivery behavioral patterns are discussed. representation after the application of the cognitive Viegas, Lia Matos Instituto de Psicologia - PSE, Anger Control Program (ACP) in school. Pupils Universidade de Sa˜ o Paulo, Cotia, Brazil Andrade da with behavioural problems were compared to Silva, Gabriela Instituto de Psicologia - PSE, The study of relation between creativity and ordinary pupils (N=31) age 8-11. Changes were Universidade de Sa˜ o Paulo, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil Otta, social development in adolescents in Tehran measured by the TEC (Pons & Harris, 2000) and Emma Instituto de Psicologia - PSE, Universidade de Shafaroudi, Narges Occupational Therapy, Shool of the Program Questionnaire. Results show age Sa˜ o Paulo, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil Rehabilitat. Science, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran differences concerning the improvement of anger To investigate emotional correlates of Postpartum Rezvan, Zinab Occupational Therapy, Shool of comprehension, and gender differences. Mental Depression (PPD), 92 Brazilian women screened for Rehabilitation Scienc, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran representation scores in Program Questionnaire PPD using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression The purpose of this study was to examine the (score maximum=12) were observed among three Scale answered questionnaires about their feelings creativity and social development in adolecents in groups : ACP group m=8,2; placebo program and worries at two days and 2-4 months after Tehran.This paper concerns a descriptive study of group m=5; and control group m=5,5. Teaching delivery. Repeated Measures GLM yielded differ- creativity and social development in a group of 100 how to cope with anger in school is possible. ences (p,.05) between the two periods. Both female adolescents of 14-18 years old from high- depressed and nondepressed mothers increased schools in Tehran.Data were gathered using a their worry scores about themselves, their new- Teachers sense of efficacy mediating the demographic questionnaire, Abedi questionnaire borns, their other children, and partners. In relationship between teachers attributions of and Witzman questionnaire.The data were analyzed addition, depressed mothers had more negative bullying and their behaviors towards aggressive by ANOVA. t-test andChi-square.Results showed a feelings regarding the partner and lower scores on students positive correlation between creativity and social emotional welfare. These findings indicate that Stavrinides, Panayiotis Psychology, University of development.(P,0.05).Moreover there was a sig- emotional changes are common after delivery and Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus nificant correlation between mother employment depressed mothers are more likely to have negative Research has documented how causal attributions feelings. and adolesence social development.(P,0.05). The predict human behavior in various settings. In this female adolescents have higher creativity as well as study (N = 216) we examined how teachers explain having higher social development. bullying and the behaviors they adopt in order to deal with the problem. Results have shown that FP-232: Families in stress I Remembering in child’s play: Historical and even though causal attributions predict teachers Impact of implementation variables on outcome cultural perspectives in istomina’s experiment behavior, this relationship is mediated by the measures in a German application of the family- and its replications teachers sense of efficacy. Specifically, hierarchical Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 regression analysis has shown that both internal based primary prevention program FAST Yasnitsky, Anton CTL/HDAP, OISE/UT, Toronto, (Families and Schools Together) Canada Falenchuk, Olesya Education Commons, and external attributions are mediated by the levels Fuchs, Irene Lehrstuhl Klin. Psychologie, Universita¨t OISE/UofT, Toronto, Canada Ferrari, Michel HDAP, at which teachers believe they can manage their Siegen, Siegen, Germany Fooken, Insa Lehrstuhl OISE/UT, Toronto, Canada classroom, their instructional strategies, and how Klinische Psychologi, Universita¨ t Siegen, Siegen, This paper presents a critical review of the well they can engage students in classroom activ- ities. Germany numerous attempts to replicate the classical experi- The universal prevention program FAST is a multi- mental study conducted by Istomina (1947). Speci- family group intervention that works with the fically, the objectives of this theoretical review were FP-231: Emotional expression and whole family and aims at the improvement of intra- two-fold: 1) to discuss potential failures and experience in clinical populations I and inter-family relations. FAST is evidence-based successes in replicating the results of the original and experimentally evaluated in the USA and is study; and 2) to present a hypothesis of historical Training program in emotional skills for persons implemented in five other countries. This study and cultural development of mnemonic processes. with Asperger syndrome relates implementation data from about ten pro- To support this hypothesis, we use studies reporting Sixto, Olivar Personality Dept., Valladolid University, gram sites in three German cities to target recruit- on replications of Istomina’s experiment in different Valladolid, Spain ment and/or conduct judgements with about 60 pre- cultural settings as well as successful replications of The aim of this study was to show the improvement post measurements (including childs behaviour or the original experiment at different historical time of the emotional skills of a group of children and family climate data) under the hypothesis of a points but in similar cultural settings (Istomina, teenagers diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, after moderate implementation influence. Due to lack of 1967, Ivanova & Nevoennaia, 1998). making use of a specific treatment program. They program implementation studies the results will 428 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

have implications for further German prevention style. On the other hand, males present a preference Ease of recall in memory judgments: How research. to focus the learning from an abstracter focus detailed recall undermines the confidence of whereas women prefer to get completely involved in eyewitnesses Hellmann, Jens Dept. of Psychology, University of Children of parents with acute central nervous new experiences. Moreover females present more Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom Kopietz, Rene´ system injuries. Specific mental health risks and active character at the time of learning, this is, they Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, protective factors prefer to employ the theories to make decisions and Germany Echterhoff, Gerald Psychology, University Stanescu, Dan Florin Comunication and PR, SNSPA, solve problems. of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Bucharest, Romania Romer, Georg Klinik fu¨ r Kinder- People often use the ease of recalling past events to und Jugendp, Universita¨ tsklinikum Eppendorf, Gender and negotiation: An empirical study of derive memory judgments, which may lead them to Hamburg, Germany gender differences in negotiation behaviour judge their memories as worse despite recalling To identify factors linked with emotional and Mura, Giulia Quasi, Universita` Milano-Bicocca, more. In two experiments we investigated if such an behavioral problems in children (4 - 18 year-old) Milano, Italy Diamantini, Davide Sociologia e Ricerca effect can also be found for eyewitness memory. of parents with acute CNS injuries. Instruments: Sociale, Universita` Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy After watching a video depicting a burglary, CBCL, YSR, FAD, SF-8, BDI and Karnofsky This research evaluates the effect of gender in participants who recalled as many details as Index. Risk of problems in children was linked with negotiation behaviour, within a working situation. possible judged their memory as worse than high levels of family dysfunction, low affective N N participants who recalled only a few central details. responsiveness, parental over-involvement and de- We investigate the: overbidding; speed of N This effect was mediated by experienced ease of pression. Severity of the disease was not associated concessions and log rolling; impact of an recall and occurred even when attributions to task with child problems. The set of variables, which emotional variable. The research was realised in difficulty were encouraged. Thus, well-intentioned could predict children problems are health related both private and public organizations in Torino on recall attempts may ironically undermine eyewit- quality of life (physical), parental depression and a sample of 73 subjects, using specifically built nesses’ confidence. affective over-involvement. Targeted treatments, scenarios simulating a negotiation. The analyses which focus on parental depression and family made (T-Test, Anova) show differences in negotia- communication may benefit the children and tion behaviour between men and women, with Head-mounted video cued recall for object- and enhance quality of life. women opening the negotiation with lower re- order memory quests, conceding more during the interaction and Acker, Felix Dept. of Psychology, LaTrobe University, reacting more strongly when facing an aggressive Protective factors, adaptability and child abuse: Bundoora, Australia Omodei, Mary Psychology, An ecological study counterpart. LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Australia Gaxiola, Jose Hermosillo, Mexico Frı´as, Martha A set of three studies examined the effect of Derecho, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico watching video taken from one’s own visual The aim of the study was to analyze the buffering FP-234: Memory processes V perspective while carrying out naturalistic tasks effects of protective factors over risk factors with respect to recall success. All studies used associated with child abuse using the ecological Metamemory judgements for faces, nameable student populations, one had a between-groups and Bronfenbrenner’s theory. It is proposed an alter- pictures and abstract art two had a within-groups design. Confidence inter- native measure to resilience in parenting called Chalmers, Kerry School of Psychology, University of vals and a meta-analytic summary of the studies adaptability. 183 mothers living in northwestern Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia McKay, Phylippa suggest that watching one’s own video enables Mexico agreed to participate in the study. The data School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, people to not only remember qualitatively better were analyzed with structural equation modeling Callaghan, Australia but also quantitatively more relevant information and indicate that protective factors have negative Fifty eight undergraduate psychology students gave than comparative video cues. This complements relation with risk factors; also, the risk factors metamemory judgements for three classes of non- existing results showing head mounted video utility predict positively the child maltreatment and verbal stimuli both prior to study and after in decision making research. It is a powerful negatively the construct adaptability. The results completing memory tasks. Pre-study judgements research tool well suited for naturalistic contexts. confirm the indirect effect of protective factors and were higher than post-test judgements and the the cumulative risk model. difference between pre-study and post-test judge- FP-235: Issues in attention ments was greater for faces than for either name- FP-233: Gender differences in work able pictures or abstract art. Positive correlations Retinotopically independent processing of and academic achievement I between metamemory judgements and performance saliency signals in the near-absence of attention (including correct identification of studied items Bogler, Carsten Attention & Awareness, Max-Planck- Gender differences: Profiles of men and women and false recognition of nonstudied items) sug- Institut, Leipzig, Germany Haynes, John-Dylan successful in engineering education gested that participants who judged their memory Computational Neuroscience, Berstein Center for, Halpin, Glennelle Auburn University, Auburn, USA as being better were more likely to indicate an item Berlin, Germany Halpin, Gerald EFLT, Auburn University, Auburn, USA had been studied, whether or not it had been It is assumed that a dedicated neural map encodes Benefield, Larry Engineering, Auburn University, presented during the study phases. salient positions in the visual field. According to Auburn, USA most models this saliency map is based on That a new generation of problem solvers will be integration of feature gradients across multiple needed is obvious as the world looks for solutions. The effects of repression on memory: Are feature dimensions. Here we investigated the neural Among them must be both women and men. The encoding processes involved? correlates of orientation and colour saliency in purpose of this study was to identify differential Davis, Penelope Psychology, Griffith University, humans using fMRI. BOLD activity was signifi- profiles for males and females predicted to succeed Brisbane, Australia Harnett, Paul Psychology, cantly increased for the salient positions in early in engineering education who did compared/con- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Jovcic, visual cortex and a trend was apparent in intrapar- trasted with those predicted to succeed who did not. Vedrana Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, ietal sulcus. Furthermore the increase in BOLD From the multivariate and univariate analyses of Australia Krishnamoorthy, Govind Psychology, signals in V3a and V4 was monotonic with cognitive, personality, and social variables for Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia McClelland, increased pop-out. The results point to an indepen- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 >5,000 participants in a longitudinal study in the Fiona Psychology, University of Queensland, dent processing of pop-out signals in the absence of USA, these profiles emerged. Comparisons and Brisbane, Australia Walmsley, Karen Psychology, attention. contrasts were made with conclusions leading to a University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia better understanding of differential factors related Repression is associated with difficulty accessing Modulation of distribution of dots number on to success. unpleasant autobiographical memories but the processes underlying the effects of repression on strategies and spatial attention allocation during two sequential arrays integration memory remain unclear. This research used the Relationship between learning styles and gender Ren, Yanju Dept. of Psychology, Shandong Normal item-method directed forgetting procedure to ex- Castano, Gloria Diferential & Work Psychology, University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China Xuan, amine the proposition that repressors are particu- Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain Yuming Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of larly adept at suppressing unwanted material during The aim of this study is to show the relationship Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Fu, between Learning Styles and gender Given the encoding. Directed forgetting effects for repressors Xiaolan Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of diversity of learning styles assessment instruments were apparent on both explicit and implicit memory Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China we choose the Learning Styles Inventory (Kolb, tasks but the intentional forgetting abilities of In this study, empty cell localization task was 1985). The results show the existence of individual repressors were no better than those of nonrepres- employed to investigate the information integration differences between males and females, though sors. These results suggest that autobiographical between two sequential dot arrays in two experi- these differences are small. On the one hand, in memory deficits in repressors reflect a greater ments. In the first experiment, the distribution of females the accommodating learning style whereas propensity to use their avoidant encoding skills dots number between two arrays was manipulated in men it is predominant the assimilating learning rather than an enhanced ability to do so. to test the image-percept integration hypothesis and Wednesday 23rd July 2008 429

convert-and-compare hypothesis. In the second A study of the relation between emotional living in poverty interact with each other and with experiment, spatial attention allocation was ex- intelligence and leadership styles (Bernard Bass others and their environments by providing them plored by recording participants’ eye movement model) of department chairs at University of with disposible cameras, analyzing the discourse behavior during the process of integration to Isfahan such images produced with the help of Atlas-ti, a further test these two hypotheses. It was found that Mokhtaripour, Marzieh Education, University of software for qualitative analysis. Main topics were distribution of dots number between two arrays Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran family, social problems in their neighboorhoods, modulate the participants’ strategies and spatial The purpose of this study was to investigate the and empowering strategies for people and commu- attention allocation during the process of integra- relation between emotional intelligence and leader- nities. tion. ship styles of department chairpersons at university of Isfahan based on multifactor Bernard Bass model. Research method was descriptive – correla- Psychosocial and structural interventions on self The impact of heterogeneity along the task- tive. Statistical population included all 33 chairs constructed slums: the experiences of their relevant and the: Irrelevant dimensions on and 454 faculty members whom from was chosen inhabitants feature search 113 as statistical sample, respectively. Findings Martıˆn, Yuraima Facultad de Arquitecura, Universidad Wei, Ping Dept. of Psychology, Peking University, showed that:1) There was significant relation Central, Caracas, Venezuela Urreiztieta, Marı´a Teresa Beijing, People’s Republic of China Mu¨ ller, Hermann emotional intelligence and transformational leader- Ciencia y tecnologı´a del comp, Universidad Simo´n Department of Psychology, LMU Mu¨ nchen, Munich, ship style r=0/347 at p,0/05 level., 2) There was a Bolı´var, Caracas, Venezuela Germany Zhou, Xiaolin Department of Psychology, correlation between emotional intelligence and The objective of this research was to explore and Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China transactional leadership style r=0/269 which was analyse the meaning of psychosocial and structural Objective: To investigate the impact of heterogene- not significant at p,0/05 level., 3) There was no ity along the task-relevant and –irrelevant dimen- interventions on self constructed slums located in significant correlation between emotional intelli- sions on feature search. Method: Participants were Caracas, Venezuela, from the experiences of their gence and lassies-faire leadership style r=0/044 at required to carry out color (or orientation) search inhabitants. Between the contributions of Environ- p,0/05 level. while the heterogeneity along the task-relevant and mental Psychology and the New Dialogic Archi- -irrelevant dimensions were orthogonally manipu- tecture, the research is oriented by the notion of lated. Result: The search times were longer when Social identity, personal identity and social ‘‘place’’ as ‘‘crossroads between human event and the task-relevant dimension was heterogeneous support among working and non-working structure’’ developed by Muntan˜ola. Following the than when it was homogeneous. The variation women procedures proposed by qualitative methodologies, along the task-irrelevant color dimension had an Bhatti Ali, Razia Islamabad, Pakistan a study case is presented, based on in-depth impact upon the efficiency of orientation search, ABSTRACT The current study investigated social interviews. The results allowed the understanding while the variation in orientation had no impact identity, personal identity and social support of perceptions, cognitions and meanings which upon color search. Conclusion: The variability of among working and non-working women. Working guided the behaviour of the subjects involved in feature values and the relative bottom-up percep- and non-working women (n=80) were purposively those intervention processes. tual saliency between dimensions determines search selected and assessed on the 2 variables social efficiency. identity and personal identity. The Aspects of Identity Questionnaire IV (Cheek, 1989) was used Perceived risk and public preferences for to measure social identity and personal identity and governmental management of social hazards Memory effects in repeated visual search the Social Support Scale by Gul & Najam (2001) Zheng, Rui Social & Economic Behavior, Institute of Ko¨ rner, Christof Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t was used to measure social support. The results of psychology, CAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Graz, Graz, Austria Ho¨ fler, Margit Institut fu¨r the analysis showed significant differences in Shi, Kan Social & Economic Behavior, Institute of Psychologie, Universita¨ t Graz, Graz, Austria personal identity, social identity and social support psychology, CAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Memory effects in repeated visual search In a recent in working women compared to non-working Li, Shu Social & Economic Behavior, Institute of experiment Ko¨rner and Gilchrist (in press) had women. The study illustrates that employed wo- psychology, CAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China participants search the same ten-letter display men’s personal and social identities are different Risk perceptions are important to the policy consecutively for two different target letters. Using and stronger compared with non-working women. process because they inform individuals’ prefer- eye movement measurements they found a memory ences for government management of social ha- recency effect: A distractor item that was a target zards. A public sample of Chinese (N=524) rated during search 1 was found faster in search 2 if it had Mental health status and social support of young been fixated more recently. In the presented female workers in a joint venture the levels of threat of 20 social hazards. We further experiment we introduced retention intervals of Han, Buxin Inst. of Psychology, Chinese Academy of use a structural equation model to analyze the 400 ms and 800 ms between searches in order to Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Liu, Ying influence and effect mechanism of risk perception. determine if search information decays in memory. Dept. of Psych., Beijing Univ., Chaoyang Maternity & It was found that: 1) older participants, less Our results indicate no substantial memory decay. Child, Beijing, People’s Republic of China educated and lower-income individuals found the This suggests that search information may be Objectives: Mental health and social support of hazards to be more threatening than others 2) preserved across short intervals. female workers in joint-venture. Methods: SCL-90 Individual character and trust will influence risk and Social Support Inventory were distributed to perception. Then, greater perceived risk generally ¡ FP-236: Social support at work 672 workers (mean age 25.18 6.35 years) in a joint produces lower SWB and greater government venture at Beijing. Results: Young female workers support. Social support will moderate this relation- score significantly higher than national norms on ship. What do expatriates need?: The role of social each factor of SCL-90, specifically on obsessive- support networks for successful foreign compulsive, anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity. assignments Those with younger age, shorter working period, Intergenerational relations in rural and urban Spieß, Erika Psychology, University, Mu¨ nchen, middle level of education and income, had poorer Indian families Germany Gasteiger, Rosemarie Psychologie, mental health status and lower social support which Verma, Sunil Department Of Allahabad, University Of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Mu¨ nchen, Germany correlated negatively. Conclusion: Young female Allahabad, Allahabad, India Satyanarayana, Alturi Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Stroppa, Christina Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, workers in the joint venture had poorer mental Department Of Allahabad, University Of Allahabad, Germany Wosche´ e, Ralph Psychology, University, health status correlating with social support nega- Allahabad, India Mu¨ nchen, Germany tively. This study is directed to comprehend the nature of The aim of the presented research is to shed light on intergenerational relations and their behavioural the impact of social support networks on expatri- FP-237: Socio-economic status manifestations in three socio economic categories ates’ success. Based upon a model by Caligiuri and (upper class, middle class and lower class) of Indian Lazarova (2003) several predictive components families. 48 families were taken from Gorakhpur affecting cross-cultural adjustment like social inter- Discourse analysis of photographs produced by city and Reotipur village in U.P (India). Narratives action and social support were researched. Data people living in poverty in Ciudad Juarez, on day-to-day intergenerational interactions were were collected from employees working for small Mexico. collected from father and son, mother in-law and and medium-sized enterprises and large-scale en- Luna Hernandez, Jesus Rene Dept. de Psicologia daughter in-law. Content analysis reveals that terprises shortly before, during, and after their Social, Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del foreign assignment. Differences and similarities Valles, Spain intergenerational relations are affected by changes found for employees working for small and Most studies on poverty rely on descriptions in terms of power, authority and variations in terms medium-sized companies versus major enterprises provided by social scientists of how the poor live, of values and attitude. Results show that inter- will be presented. Implications for future research interact and construct their reality. However, such generational relations are manifested in terms of and practical considerations for multinational approach denies the opportunity of understanding conflict, solidarity and ambivalence and the coping organizations sending employees abroad will be the poor’s version of reality from their perspective. mechanisms varied along socio economic cate- discussed in the presentation. This study aims to get a glimpse on how people gories. 430 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

FP-238: Teaching of psychology I FP-239: Teachers’ health and well- Growth Analysis, and tests how temperament, being: Burnout, professional home environment, and cognitive functioning, forecast the differential trajectories of internalizing Addressing globalization with feature foreign identity films problems using multinomial logistic regression. The sample consisted of 1232 children (53% male) and Meiners, Mary Social and Behavior Sciences, San Burnout differences between primary and was derived from the NICHD Study of Early Child- Diego Miramar College, San Diego, USA secondary education teachers Globalization invites many changes in teaching Care. Groups exhibiting low, moderate, and Merino Tejedor, Enrique Dept. of Psychology, chronic internalizing problems were identified. psychology and presents opportunities to prepare University of Valladolid, Segovia, Spain Rigotti, The chronic group was characterized by lower students to interact with those different than them Thomas INSTITUTE OF PSYCHOLOGY II, UNIVERSITY cognitive abilities, and a more negative home selves. Current classrooms often reflect the diversity OF LEIPZIG, LEIPZIG, Germany environment. Findings suggest that interventions of world cultures. To acknowledge this diversity Prior empirical studies have shown that teaching is need to start early in life and that both personal and and attempt to reduce xenophobia, foreign films a stressful activity; particularly teachers are prone environmental characteristics need to be consid- have been introduced into the classroom. They are to suffer from the syndrome of burnout. In this ered. used to illustrate various concepts during class. An study we will compare the experience of burnout additional assignment requires students to view a between 106 teachers from primary schools and 181 Adolescents’ psychological well-being and feature film from a pre-approved list and identify teachers from secondary schools in Spain. We employed the Brief Burnout Questionnaire to assess memory for life events: Influences on life psychological concepts illustrated in the film. The antecedents of burnout, the main symptoms, as well satisfaction with respect to temperamental student responses collected in a post assignment as further consequences. Secondary school teachers dispositions survey have been overwhelmingly positive. showed to give higher ratings than teachers from Siddiqui, Anver Dept. of Psychology, School of Social primary schools did. Differences in strain condi- Sciences, Va¨ xjo¨ , Sweden Garcia, Danilo Psychology, Technical support for interactive education in tions responsible for this result, as well as further Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden psychology actions to prevent teachers from ‘‘burning out’’ are The aim of the present study was to explore how the Vylegzhanin, Vasily IEAP, Moscow, Russia discussed. number of recalled life events (positive and Interactive laboratory for psychology education negative) predicts psychological well-being (PWB) and how PWB predicts life satisfaction (LS). One will be demonstrated. Technology aspects of Teachers’ basic need satisfaction, occupational hundred and thirty five high school students education such as unified data collection and well-being and adjustment participated in completing the SWLS (LS), PWB processing, scalability, usability, Internet support, Kunter, Mareike Zentrum fu¨ r Bildungsforschung, (short-version), PANAS (to create AFT) and the data protection will be discussed. Predictor based Mex-Planck-Institut, Berlin, Germany Klusmann, Uta life events recollection task. Results indicated that Center f Educational Research, MPI f Human system supports adaptive curricula for every adolescents with high PA also indicated high PWB. student just as for groups and courses. This flexible Development, Berlin, Germany Drawing on self-determination theory, two studies In addition adolescents with low affective profiles technology makes possible to convert many im- had high PWB. Positive and negative life events portant themes such as color sense, hearing etc. investigated whether teachers’ feelings of autono- my, competence, and social relatedness at school predicted PWB for self-destructive temperaments; from text-based lectures to laboratory workshop. were associated with better work adjustment. A positive life events predicted PWB for low affective Interactive technology supports many classical cross-sectional study with 124 teachers found temperaments. PWB predicted LS for all tempera- psychometric procedures and trainings included in substantial correlations between satisfaction of ments except for the self-actualizing group. personality and social psychology course. Interac- teachers needs and their occupational well-being tive training support is implemented as a form of and maladjustment (i.e., stronger quitting inten- Assesment of self-assertion training in the Internet videoconference. tions and poorer health). A longitudinal study with treatment of stage fright among the Nigerian a 1-year repeated measurement of 134 teachers university girls. showed that teachers’ need satisfaction influenced Psychological types of students and methods of Shobola, Adeola Human Resource Development, their exhaustion and job satisfaction and even had education in psychology Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria positive effects on their students’ motivation Objectives: This experimental study assessed the Nedospasova, Veronika Dept. of Clinical Psychology, (regression analysis). Teachers’ basic need satisfac- IEAP, Moscow, Russia efficacy of Self Assertion Training (SAT) in the tion thus plays a crucial role in both their treatment of stage fright among the Nigerian Main methodical issue of psychology teaching is the professional experience and their performance. place of perception theory and cognitive psychology university girls. Methods: 600 girls were selected in curriculum. Several variants of curricula for from two universities using purposive sampling. psychology education were compared. The first one Testing a model of school quality features for Self Assertive Training lasted four weeks of four group sessions of 45 minutes was accorded the 315 is constructed in accordance with the history of promoting and maintaining teachers’ health as experimental group and the rest 285 as control discoveries in psychology. Two variants of curricula Altenstein, Christine Inst. fu¨ r Medizin. Psychologie, Universita¨ t Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany group. Hypotheses were tested with multiple reflected conceptual sequence, one starts with Wiesmann, Ulrich Western-Pomerania, Institute of regressions and t-test. Result: Participants exposed theory of perception and advances via cognitive Medical Psycholog, Greifswald, Germany Mo¨ bius, to SAT overcame stage fright. Mono sex siblings process to personality, the other starts with Kati Western-Pomerania, Institute of Medical and course of study of participants had significant personality and perception theory appears to be Psycholog, Greifswald, Germany Hannich, Hans- effect on the treatment. Conclusions: Self-Assertion lateral in this case. The 4th variant starts with Joachim Western-Pomerania, Institute of Medical is relevant in treating stage fright. practical studies and theoretical knowledge is Psycholog, Greifswald, Germany introduced in process of experience accumulation. We developed an inventory for the assessment of The development of adolescents’ implicit Different variants were more acceptable by differ- school resources and deficits from the teachers’ attitude to emotion regulation ent psychological types of students. point of view. Main objective was the replication of a four factor structure in a representative sample of Liu, Junsheng Dept. of Psychology, Shanghai Normal

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 556 teachers. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Adaptive curricula for interactive education in we compared two structural models differing in the Sang, Biao Department of Psychology, East China psychology number of indicator variables for the latent factors. Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Druzhinin, Georgy IEAP, Moscow, Russia Both models showed substantial fit; the more China All the potential and actual students in psychology parsimonious model was slightly superior. We Previous research has showen that implicit attitude may be divided into 4 main groups. This classifica- preferred this solution because it makes the to emotion regulation, as an important aspect of tion is based on the predictors of their professional inventory more concise. automatic emotion regulation, could influence interests, social attitudes and mental possibilities. emotion regulation without the cognitive costs. The criteria, methods and technology of such FP-240: The development of However little is known about the development of the implicit attitude to emotion regulation. Two selection and the preliminary income control just emotional regulation in hundred 12-18-year-olds were administered the as related statistics will be discussed. The optimal adolescence emotion regulation-implicit association test (ER- variant of curricula for education in psychology IAT). ANOVA analyses showed that the older hold and the optimal collection of trainings and inter- The development of internalizing problems from much more positive attitude to emotion regulation active components of education technology can be age 2 to age 12 than the younger, and there is no significant constructed based on the predictors of the future Fanti, Kostas Dept. of Psychology, University of difference between boys and girls. The findings professional success. Some variants of optimal Cyprus, Aradippou, Cyprus suggested that the emotion regulation practice can curricula supported by interactive tools will be The study investigates the development of inter- help adolescents form more positive implicit atti- demonstrated. nalizing problems from age 2-12 using Latent Class tude to emotion regulation. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 431

FP-241: Substance abuse and Female frequent internet gamblers: A qualitative analyzed. Moral dilemmas of AA are discussed. addiction II study of their gambling, its impact and their Experiments, in which children successfully made views on treatment and policy ethically justified AA decisions to prevent negative Corney, Roslyn and Counselling, Greenwich characters of a tale and help positive ones, are Illicit drug-consumption: Measuring two Psychology, London, United Kingdom described. General conclusion is that the concept of cognitive-behavioral risk-factors Aims: to study the gambling history and stories of alter-altruism creates more differentiated opportu- Raab, Corina Abt. fu¨ r Medizin. Psychologie, participants, motivations, impact and helpseeking. nities to analyze social reality. Universita¨ tsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Method: Details were advertised on websites and Weinhold, Jan Medical Psychology, University newspapers. 30 frequent gamblers were interviewed Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Verres, over the telephone for approximately one hour. Civil courage and helping behaviour: Differences Rolf Medical Psychology, University Hospital Verbatim transcriptions were analysed using NVI- between real and anticipated behaviour Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany VO and grounded theory. Results/conclusions: Not Voigtlaender, Denise Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Risk- and protective factors play an important role all women had gambled before. However, internet Go¨ ttingen, Go¨ ttingen, Germany Schulz-Hardt, Stefan in the consumption of illicit psychoactive sub- accessibility meant prolonged periods were spent Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, stances. Knowledge of and behavior around illicit gambling to the neglect of other life areas. Some Goettingen, Germany Schroeder, Sylvia-Maria substances are ignored in the context of psycho- were originally motivated by excitement but others Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, metric diagnostics. An inventory based on cogni- gambled to escape from current difficulties. Depres- Goettingen, Germany tive-behavioral theories containing ten substance- sion, anxiety, panic attacks and suicide ideation We conducted three experiments comparing antici- were common. The women were ambivalent to- pated and real behaviour in situations requiring specific modules was constructed to record these wards their gambling and receiving help. either help or civil courage. In the civil courage two factors. The substances focussed upon were situations participants observed a norm violation cannabis, amphetamines, ecstasy, hallucinogens (e.g. stealing). In the corresponding helping situa- and cocaine. The inventory was set up as a web- FP-242: Altruism and helping behavior tions participants perceived a confederate requiring based record-tool and tested on a sample of 2400 help. Participants either experienced the situation in subjects. Scale-reductions have been conducted by reality or received a description of the situation and The emergence of evolutionary altruistic means of various statistics. The primary test- reported their anticipated reactions. While for the behavior through multilevel selection theoretical quality-criteria have been calculated help requiring situation anticipated intervention Hatori, Tsuyoshi Dept of Civil Engineering, Tokyo rate was similar to real intervention rate, partici- and judged as very good. Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Fujii, Satoshi Dept of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of pants overestimated the intervention rate in civil courage requiring situations. These findings support Onset of tobacco use and transition to other drug Technology, Tokyo, Japan Suminaga, Tetsushi Dept a theoretical distinction between helping behaviour use among college undergraduates in north of of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and civil courage. Iran-2006. Tokyo, Japan Mohtasham Amiri, Zahra Community Medicine, This study is aimed to investigate social conditions Guilan University, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran where an evolutionally altruistic behavior emerges Motivations for helping: The moderating role of Doostdar Sanaye, Mehrnaz Community Medicine, while referring the idea of multilevel selection in the group membership evolutionary theory. For this purpose, we devel- Guilan University, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran Stu¨ rmer, Stefan Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Fern- oped a mathematical model describing the evolu- Jafari Shakib, Abbas Rasht Health Center, Guilan Universita¨t in Hagen, Hagen, Germany Snyder, Mark tional process of altruistic behaviors, which University, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, indicated the theoretical hypothesis that group Background: To estimate the cumulative probabil- USA selection could be an important force in the ity of occurrence of first use of tobacco and the risk A group-level perspective on helping suggests that emergence of altruistic behaviors. To test the of transition to illegal drugs. METHODS: We salient ingroup/outgroup distinctions play a crucial hypothesis we implemented a questionnaire survey role in moderating the motivational processes conducted a cross sectional study of 3958 college targeting at 300 employees in companies in Japan. students in 2005. Data were collected by using a The result supported the hypothesis, that indicated underlying helping (e.g., Stu¨rmer et al., 2005). validated self-applied questionnaire. Results: 722 that the pressure of group selection was positively Common group membership should increase the students (19.5%) were current smokers. The most correlated with tendency of the emergence of likelihood of empathy-based helping. When people prevalent substances were Ecstasy (4.3%), opium altruistic behaviors. contemplate offering help to members of out- groups, however, they often may do so in a more (2.7%). Tobacco users were at greater risk of systematic and controlled mode of information starting drug use than nonusers (OR=14.42; 95 % Pro-social behavior and causal attribution in processing (including cost-benefit analyses). The [CI] = 10.62-19.74). Conclusions: The innovative Brazil results of a coordinated series of studies employing method used in this study yields epidemiologic Pilati, Ronaldo Dept. of Social Psychology, University different research methodologies (field research vs. of Brasilia, Brası´lia, Brazil Lea˜ o, Mariana Social evidence relating early use of tobacco with initiation controlled experimentation), involving participants Psychology, University of Brasilia, Brası´lia, Brazil of illegal drugs in youth. of different cultural backgrounds, different helping Neves, Julianna Social Psychology, University of situations, and different helping criteria provide Brasilia, Brası´lia, Brazil Fonseca, Marcus Social Male at-risk and heavy episodic drinkers and their Psychology, University of Brasilia, Brası´lia, Brazil clear support for these predictions. motivation to change drinking Pro-social behavior is any act that benefits another Coder, Beate IES, EMAU Greifswald, Greifswald, person or group. This research tested the influence Germany Freyer-Adam, Jennis IES, EMAU of causal attribution and helping cost on pro-social FP-243: Self-regulation Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Bischof, Gallus behavior intention in a Brazilian cultural context. Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lu¨ beck, Simulation experimental design was used with 300 The role of spontaneous social comparisons in Lu¨ beck, Germany Rumpf, Hans-Ju¨ rgen Psychiatry and participants. It was developed six scenarios in a automatic goal pursuit Psychotherapy, University of Lu¨ beck, Lu¨ beck, factorial design of 2 (controllability X uncontroll- Crusius, Jan AG Sozialpsychologie, Universita¨t zu Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Germany John, Ulrich IES, EMAU Greifswald, ability) X 3 (cost: low, medium and high). The data Ko¨ ln, Ko¨ ln, Germany Mussweiler, Thomas HF, AG Greifswald, Germany Hapke, Ulfert IES, EMAU were analyzed through ANOVA and structural Sozialpsychologie, University of Cologne, Ko¨ ln, Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany equation modeling. The preliminary results indi- Germany Objective: At-risk drinkers with heavy episodic cated that interaction between perceptions of Automatic goal pursuit has been shown with many drinking (ARHE) have a more problematic drink- uncontrollability and low helping cost was signifi- goal contents. Despite the importance of these ing style than at-risk drinkers only or heavy cantly related to high levels of helping intention (F findings, however, little is known about the episodic drinkers only (AR,HE). With respect to = 13,11; p # 0,001). mechanisms mediating these effects. Drawing upon brief interventions, little is known about their research showing that representations of significant others and personal goals are strongly related, we motivation to change drinking. Methods: A proac- Alter-altruism suggest that social comparison is a mechanism tively recruited sample of 425 male general hospital Poddiakov, Alexander Dept. of Psychology, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia contributing to goal priming. We assume that the inpatients was used. Results: A lower proportion of direction of spontaneous social comparisons trig- ARHE was not ready to change drinking compared Aim of the study is elaboration of egoism vs. altruism opposition by introduction of a new gered by goal related stimuli affects the direction of to AR,HE (36 vs. 53%). Groups did not differ concept, i.e., alternative altruism, or alter-altruism goal pursuit. In internet and laboratory experi- regarding openness to counseling. Conclusions: (AA). It is selfless defense of others’ interests by ments, we found that procedurally priming similar- Every second male with ARHE and AR,HE is doing damage to their competitors, rivals, etc. ity comparisons before neatness or achievement open for counseling. Brief intervention should be Classification of various AA types is presented, primes lead to behavioral assimilation, while tailored to motivation to change drinking. and cases of AA behavior in various areas are dissimilarity comparisons resulted in contrast. 432 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Three dimensions of self-regulation processing. Conclusion: automatic processing has FP-245: Sensory-motor Bak, Waclaw Dept. of Personality, Catholic University underling components that are resistant against interactions II Lublin, Lublin, Poland psychopathplogy but controlled processing is very The paper presents the main thesis of a new sensitive. theoretical proposition concerning the structure Coordination of eye and head movements during and regulative functions of the self-system. Based visual perception on conceptions of Higgins, Markus, and Ogilvie, Interpersonal problem-solving and depression in Altorfer, Andreas Abt. Psych. Neurophysiologie, the self-system is defined as a cognitive structure, parents with disabled children Universita¨ tsklinik Bern, Bern 60, Switzerland composed of different self beliefs (e.g. ideal-self, Fotini, Grigoriou Special Education, University of Ka¨sermann, Marie-Louise Dept. Psych. ought-self, undesired-selves, can-self, impossible- Thessaly, Volos, Greece Kleftaras, George Dept. of Neurophysiology, University Hosp. of Psychiatry, self) and discrepancies between them. It is hypothe- Special Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Bern 60, Switzerland Raub, Ulrich Dept. Psych. sized that the self-system one can describe in terms Greece Neurophysiology, University Hosp. of Psychiatry, of three dimensions: ‘‘negative-self-standards’’, Depression seems to be one of the most frequent Bern 60, Switzerland Thomke, Christa Dept. Psych. ‘‘positive-self-standards’’, and ‘‘can-self-standards’’. psychological problems of parents with disabled Neurophysiology, University Hosp. of Psychiatry, It is proposed that they can be useful in explaining children. Recent research has revealed that the Bern 60, Switzerland Wu¨ rmle, Othmar Dept. Psych. different aspects of psychological functioning, such ability of an individual to solve its social and Neurophysiology, University Hosp. of Psychiatry, as goal realization, self-esteem, and identity. Pre- interpersonal problems is associated to various Bern 60, Switzerland liminary results of the research testing the model are psychopathological conditions. Based on this evi- As a prerequisite for emotion processing – as a presented. dence, the relationship between problem-solving sender or a receiver - one has to use a perceptual ability and depressive symptomatology of these apparatus that includes eyes and head. For sending parents is investigated. 80 parents with disabled and hiding emotional cues to the environment one Can self-regulation be truly collective?: children presenting physical/intellectual disabilities has to direct the face to other persons in a way that Regulatory focus and intergroup behavior participated in this study and were administered: a) they can recognize the facial activity. For receiving Sassenberg, Kai Institut fu¨ r Wissensmedien, Pichot-Questionnaire-of-Depressive-Symptoms and stimuli out of the environment a distinct orienting is Tu¨ bingen, Germany b) Heppner-Social-Problem-Solving-Questionnaire. Self-regulation approaches such as regulatory focus Significant correlations were found between depres- needed if the oculomotor range of about +/- 55˚ is theory have recently been introduced into the field sive symptoms and problem-solving ability and exceeded. Additionally, for this analysis three- of intergroup behavior. Research has considered specifically problem-solving-confidence, active ef- dimensional head movements are involved. Based self-regulation as moderator as well as an outcome fort to find alternative-solutions and self-control in on the lack of knowledge concerning the perceptual of intergroup processes. The current presentation problematic situations. interrelations, several experiments are done to gives an overview of intergroup research applying self-regulation approaches from the other’s own investigate eye-head coordination especially in and other laboratories. Moreover, it answers the Outcome of postnatal depression screening emotion recognition. question whether self-regulation can be collective. using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale This question is answered by applying the following Leung, Shirley Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR Being conscious of what is reachable in the four criteria: the relevance of group based input Government, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of peripersonal space (e.g., appraisals), the relevance of group relevant : Hong Kong SAR Leung, Cynthia Department of Coello, Yann Dept. of Psychology, University of Lille, output (e.g., benefits), the impact of social identi- Educational Psyc, The Hong Kong Institute of Edu, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France Bartolo, Angela fication, and social sharedness within a group. Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR psychology, URECA-University of Lille, Villeneuve Lee, Dominic T S School of Public Health, The Chinese d’Ascq, France Amiri, Bastien psychology, URECA- University of Hong, Hong Kong, China, People’s Motivational balance at different levels of social University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France Republic of : Macao SAR Chan, Ruth Department of complexity: From intrapersonal level to inter- Bourgeois, Jeremy psychology, URECA-University of Medicine & T, The Chinese University of Hong, Hong groups level Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France Kong, China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Mamali, Catalin Dept. of Psychology, Loras College, Perceptually judging what is reachable in the Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a Dubuque, USA peripersonal space requires integrating information postnatal depression screening programme using At the core of the model are the relationships about visual objects with information about the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), between motivational balance - MB (Mamali, 1981) action system. Neuroscientific evidences will be and levels of social complexity (Hinde, 1979). At the relative to usual clinical practice. Method: 462 mothers with 2-month-old babies attending routine reviewed that suggest that the possibility to intrapersonal level MB is measured vectorially as a anticipate sensory consequences of simulated action relationship between the intensity and quality of child health service were randomized into postnatal might represent the mechanism that provides the motives (intrinsic/extrinsic) within and across activ- depression screening by EPDS or usual clinical ities. The interaction valence-expectancy-instrumen- practice. Follow-up counselling was provided by perceptual system with information on the limit of tality (redefined as locus of control) accounts for nurses to participants in need. Results: At 6 months peripersonal space. Modifications of the perception MB intensity. At dyadic level MB includes also the postnatal, there was a significant difference in of what is reachable when recalibrating the visuo- hierarchical differential between the motives satis- mental health outcome favouring mothers under motor system, in the presence of pathological fied by each side and varies between co-regressive the EPDS screening programme. Conclusion: The peripheral deafferentation, or when inhibiting the implementation of a postnatal depression screening and co-developmental motives. Empirical results motor cortex using TMS provide evidences for such programme using EPDS, compared with usual suggest that for each activity there is a certain mechanism and suggest that motor representations optimal balance between intrinsic and extrinsic practice, resulted in better mental health among contributes in the perceptual categorisation of motives. the former. external space. FP-244: Psychological disorders VI Shame and guilt relationships with depression and anxiety Individual differences in pointing movements Motan, Irem Psychology Department, Ondokuz Mayis under rotated visual feedback Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 The automatic and controlled information Hellmann, Andreas Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t processing in persons with major depressive Uni., Samsun, Ankara, Turkey Gencoz, Faruk Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Huber, Jo¨rgW. disorder Psychology Department, Middle East Technical School of Human & Life Sci, Roehampton University, Ghamari Kivi, Hossein Psychology, University of Universi, Ankara, Turkey London, United Kingdom Mohaghegh Ardabi, Ardabil, Islamic Republic of Iran The aim of the present study is to underline the We studied the effects of changes of visual feedback Objectives: To investigate automatic and controlled relationship of shame and guilt with depression and information processing and the effects of antide- anxiety. Participants were administered Test of Self- on pointing movements of the hand. Participants pressant drugs on these variables in major depres- conscious Scale-3, State Shame Guilt Scale, Beck (n=12) carried out a pointing task using informa- sive disorder. Methods: 30 persons with major Depression Inventory, Stait-Trait Anxiety Scale. tion available on a video display system. Results depressive disorder who have been received anti- Consequently, shame-proneness, state shame, and show systematic spatial errors dependent on the depressant drugs and 30 patients without medica- lower levels of state pride emerged as common extent and direction of rotation of visual informa- tion and 30 normal persons have been randomly factors for depressive symptoms and trait anxiety. tion available to them, supporting and extending This study addresses the nature of the relationship selected and answered to beck depression inventory, our earlier results. The detailed analysis of the word competition test and words association between self-conscious emotions and depression, performance of individual subjects over repeated subscale. data were analysed by one way analysis anxiety symptoms. Findings of the study are of variance. Results: there was not significant discussed in the frame of Tripartite model. Guilt- trials shows strong individual differences which we difference among two participant groups and proneness and gender factors were interpreted as interpret as an indication of different abilities and normal group in automatic processing but there the differentiating predictors in the light of the strategies in carrying out precise movements under was significant difference(p,0/05) in controlled literature. conditions of altered visual information. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 433

Motor simulation in the observation of tool-use hypothesized that people who use affective empathy Implementation intentions and artificial agents actions are less skilled in regulating own emotions and Pelta, Carlos Madrid, Spain Gonza´ lez Marque´ s, Javier Massen, Cristina Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max-Planck- emotions of others. To investigate links between Basic Psychology II, Universidad Complutense de Institut, Leipzig, Germany empathy, emotion regulation, and burnout, we Mad, Madrid, Spain Visually perceiving others’ actions may activate conducted a web experiment with helpline volun- We have developed a computer simulation compar- corresponding motor programs in the observer. We teers. We found that people who are high in ing the behavior of two artificial agents (A0 and investigated the observation of others’ tool-use affective empathy have difficulties in emotion A1), both of which imitate the use of implementa- actions. Two participants were taking turns in regulation and use more maladaptive strategies that tion intentions for achieving a goal R. However, A0 acting, observing the tool-use action of another people who are high in cognitive empathy. Cogni- person in trial n-1 and executing one in trial n. is more balanced for obtaining the goal intention "I tive empathy is related to more adaptive emotion intend to achieve R!" while A1 is more balanced for Previous results indicated that the action rule of the regulation strategies and less burnout. observed action is automatically activated. This obtaining the implementation intention "I intend to study addressed the question, whether these effects do R when situations L are encountered!" (Goll- are due to the observation of the movement of a FP-247: Social cognition II witzer, 1996). We have taken as a reference the human body rather than to the observation of the parameters introduced in (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, tool’s movement. The results show, that the effects 2004). We have accomplished the statistical analysis depend on specific characteristics of the human Investigation on 340 drug addicts who resume movement. drugs after receiving compulsory treatment (including confidence intervals) and A1 improved Chen, Zhongyong University, Inner Mongolia Normal, the global performance of A0. Our simulation Huhhot, People’s Republic of China FP-246: Clinical / counseling confirms partially the results of Gollwitzer and In sample of 340 drug addicts who resume drugs other authors in humans. psychology III after receiving compulsory treatment in the reed- ucation through labor centers, followed for 2 years, Triangulation supports a comprehensive the result showed that slightly more than 50 percent FP-248: Stress, coping, and social understanding of patients‘ views of their obesity of them relapsed after free from laborer form within support Metz, Ulrike Inst. fu¨ r Allgemeinmedizin, Charite´ one year. The reasons for relapse were drugs Berlin, Berlin, Germany Dieterich, Anja Institut fu¨r available; unable to get rid of psychological The eustress/distress reaction characteristics Allgemeinmedizin, Charite´ Berlin, Berlin, Germany dependence on drugs and same social environment influenced by the organizational adult age Heintze, Christoph Institut fu¨ r Allgemeinmedizin, as before. A comprehensive, precautionary and Moise, Annemari Dept. of Psychology, Bucharest Charite´ Berlin, Berlin, Germany controlling measure should be used to control The present study combines quantitative (locus of University, Bucharest, Romania drugs. We should educate the drug abusers through Many researches reveal the stress in a negative way, control, self-efficacy, attribution tendencies) and psychological ways and push the whole society to but Seyle talked about stress insisting on satisfac- qualitative (audio-taped preventive consultation in be concerned with the prevention of drug abuse. general practices) data as a multi-method approach tion that a person is able to obtain after an out-side of examining patients‘ (N=120) attributions of tension. We define in a unique manner the concept etiology and therapy regarding their overweight. The relationship between personality, cognitive of eustress/distress and we proposed one specific Significant correlations between physical status and religious with happiness classification for stress reaction. The hypothesis (risk score, BMI) and patients’ attributions could Khoshkonesh, Abolghasem Education and was: every segment of organizational adult age is be found: Patients with BMI between 25 and 35 (kg/ Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, m2) differed from patients with BMI>35 (kg/m2) in Islamic Republic of Iran having a specific reaction to eustress/distress. We attributing internally vs. externally. Additionally, Abstract The aim of the present research was an made a complex analysis on the characteristics of differences related to the perceived relevance of investigation on simple and multiple relationships eustress and distress on each stage of organizational support (family, partner, GP) were found. Content of personality, cognitive, and religious antecedents adult age and we realized the correlation between analysis of consultations supported and extended with happiness feeling: the relationship between the two variables. The conclusions are discussed in quantitative results and maximized validity. happiness feeling, mental health, and academic terms of practical relevance. performance among Shahid Chamran University Implicit self-esteem in recurrent depression students, in Ahwaz. A sample of 569 students were The structure of well-being Risch, Anne Katrin Klin.-Psych. Intervention, selected by stratified ratio random sampling. A Musek, Janek Dept. of Psychology, University of Universita¨ t Jena, Jena, Germany Buba, Astrid variety of measurements including NEO-FFI, Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Psychologie, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, cognitive aspects: Psychological Hardiness Inven- Multivariate analyses of twelve psychological con- Germany Steffens, Melanie Psychologie, Friedrich- tory, Selfe-esteem, Life Orientation Test-Revised Schiller-University, Jena, Germany Stangier, Ulrich (LOT-R) by Scheier & Carver et al (1994), Oxford structs representing two most integrative theoretical Psychologie, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Happiness inventory (OHI) by Argyle (2001), models of well-being (hedonistic and eudaimonic) Germany GHQ-28, were applied and Grand Total Score clearly established a robust hierarchical structure Negative self-relevant cognitions, activated by (GTS) was taken as index for academic perfor- both on the scale as well as on the item level of data. negative mood, is suggested to play an important mance and all data were analyzed. The analyses yielded a very strong highest-order role in the recurrence of depressive episodes. factor (gWB), two higher-order factors (broad Therefore, we investigated implicit self-esteem before and after negative mood induction in Perceptions of progress towards goal: Can the factors of happiness and meaning) and five first- patients with remitted depression. We measured eye fool the mind? order factors (satisfaction, negative emotionaltiy, implicit self-esteem using the Implicit Association Kwong, Jessica Y.Y. Marketing Dept., Chinese Univ. positive emotionality, relatedness, and growth). The Test. 15 patients, currently depressed, 15 patients, of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic results also confirmed substantial relationships remitted recurrent depressed and 15 controls with of : Hong Kong SAR Wong, Susanna Y.N. Marketing, between the dimensions of well-being and dimen- no history of depression participated in the study. The Chinese University of HK, Hong Kong, China,

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 sions of personality. The gWB is highly correlated The results do not support the hypothesis that People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Ho, Candy K.Y. with the general factor of personality (gP). implicit self-esteem is impaired after negative mood Marketing, The Chinese University of HK, Hong Kong, induction in remitted patients. The discussion will China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR focus on the importance of the findings for theories Perceived progress plays a critical role in people’s Innovative stress emphasizing cognitive vulnerability factors and motivation to persist toward a goal. This research Nourkov, Valery Dept. of Sociology, RSIIP, Moscow, implications for maintenance treatment in recurrent demonstrates that the same progress when pre- Russia depression. sented in different formats would alter the percep- Safety and stability is the most common dream for tions and hence induces different levels of people living in unstable society. Under such How does empathy influence emotion regulation motivation. Using laboratory experiments, we circumstances any social innovations meet counter- skills? demonstrate that while figure displays exert domi- action and fears. We term it as ‘‘innovative stress’’. nant influences over corresponding numerical dis- Schenkel, Katia Faculty of Psychology, University of Innovative stress leads to social passivity and plays, this effect is dependent on the relative ease Geneva, Gena` ve 4, Switzerland Wranik, Tanja Faculty interferes social development. From our theoretical (fluency) in processing the two different modes of of psychology, University of Geneva, Gena`ve 4, perspective, traumatic component of innovative Switzerland Kaiser, Susanne Faculty of psychology, information. In addition, perceptions are biased to stress may be effectively overcome by psychological University of Geneva, Gena` ve 4, Switzerland different degrees when different figures are used. Empathy has both an affective and a cognitive This paper connects our knowledge about the intervention. The main aim of intervention might be component. We investigated the difference between processing of different types of information with reinterpretation of values underlining innovative these two in relation to emotion regulation. We goal motivation. processes. 434 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

FP-249: The impact of goals, goal- questionnaires responses in Hong Kong were participants in BDSM. In addition, observations orientation, and volitional analyzed via multi-level analyses (School-, and were conducted at public venues where BDSM is student-level analyses). Despite their grade and practiced. Results suggested processes can be processes on learning II family SES, Students scored higher when they had categorized at two levels. One, dominant-submis- higher interest in mathematics, and when they were sive relationships vacillate in degree of role assumed Volition, trait procrastination and motivational in school context with higher mean interest in (Master/Slave or Top/Bottom). Two, emotional interference in university students mathematics. However, the significantly negative responses to BDSM activity are similar to those Jorke, Katrin Birte Educational Psychology, effect of individual students’ instrumental motiva- associated with chemical use/abuse. It is suggested University of Karlsruhe, Rheinbach, Germany Fries, tion on mathematics scores was only detected in that clinicians be familiar with these processes Stefan Educational Psychology, University of school contexts with higher mean instrumental especially when working with clients addressing Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Winter, Claudia PA motivation. dependency, cross-addiction, self-esteem, and self- Consulting Group, PA Consulting Group, Frankfurt, concept issues. Germany FP-250: Sexual behaviour Trait Procrastination and the Tendency to Experi- FP-251: Psychotherapy - Research ence Motivational Interference (TMI) are both Casual sex: Why and why not? and treatment methods VIII failures in self-regulation that can have a negative Vrangalova, Snezana Human Development, Cornell impact on the efficiency of self-regulated learning as University, Ithaca, USA ADHD-profile-study in France: First results well as on students’ well-being. In a questionnaire Casual sex (CS) is prevalent among university concerning diagnosis and therapy of ADHD study on 1253 university students Trait Procrasti- students. The reasons to engage and not engage in Jelen, Anna Heidelberg, Germany Huss, Michael nation and TMI were placed in a broader frame- it, however, remain unknown. Two hundred Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Charite´ Berlin, Berlin, work of volitional problems. The resulting model students will be asked to list all the reasons they Germany Lehmkuhl, Ulrike Clinic of child Psychiatry, demonstrates that insufficient self-regulation (e.g. have for (not) engaging in CS. Preliminary mea- Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany low persistence, distractibility) in a specific learning sures of motivation for and against CS will thus be Objective: The goal of this study is to gain an context can be caused by the interplay of direct and constructed. A random sample of 3500 students at a overview of the current method of care in France mediated effects of volitional strategies, Trait large US university will be invited to participate in for ADHD affected children and adolescents as well Procrastination and TMI. Implications for the an online survey rating their reasons for (not) as their families. Similar studies have been under- development of interventions will be discussed. having CS. Factor analysis will be used to develop a taken in various European countries, inviting typology of motivations for and against CS. comparisons. Method: Until now 54 Questionnaires Implications for application of such instruments Investigating the casual relation ship between of 47 boys and 7 girls have been evaluated. The in future research will be discussed. perfectionism, motive achievement, text anxiety parents were retrospectively questioned about the and academic achievement diagnosics and therapy of the ADHD affected Kheradmand Mard Del, Khatereh Tehran, Islamic Sex puts you in gendered shoes! child. Results: The foremost preferred therapy of Republic of Iran Hundhammer, Tanja Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t ADHD is the intervention with psychostimulant Abstract The objective of this research is specifying zu Ko¨ ln, Ko¨ ln, Germany Mussweiler, Thomas medication. Treatments focusing an family, school the existing relation among the perfectionism, Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, or behavioral psychotherapy, has been used only in motive achievement, text anxiety and academic Ko¨ ln, Germany very few cases. An early detection of ADHD and achievement sampling method is random propor- A cultural double standard for the sexual experi- treatments involving school and family are re- tional classified The data was studied, using the ence of women and men prescribes the enactment of quested from the parents. Pierson correlation and the Regression analysis, different sexual roles. Women’s sexual role is with the following results: The positive perfection- submissive-expressive, men’s agentic-dominant. Psychocorrection in the context of drawings ism with the mediation of the motive achievement We assume that activating the concept of sexuality integral analysis. has a direct relation with the educational develop- renders one’s own gender and the respective gender Polyanychko, Olena Physical Education, IAPM, Kyiv, ment. The negative perfectionism with the media- stereotype more salient. This should lead to Ukraine tion of the test anxiety has an indirect relation with consistent automatic behavior and self-perception. The present abstract deals with the specific char- the motive achievement. The negative perfection We showed that sex-priming leads to a more acter of using graphical methods within the frame- with the mediation of the motive achievement gender-stereotypic self-description (Exp 1), a stron- work of theoretical and methodical principles of indirectly has an indirect relation with the academic ger gender identification (Exp 2) and to subservient active socio-psychological training (ASPT) and achievement. behavior for women and dominant behavior for possibilities of integral vision of the interpretation men (Exp 3). Sex-primed females hesitated longer of the complex of drawings made by one and the before interrupting, indicating a more other-cen- Can measures of students’ motivation help same author. While prof. T.S.Yatsenko analyzing tered social interaction tendency (Exp 4). predicting school achievement when intelligence drawings, guided by phenomenological approach and previous knowledge are already known? which stipulates orientation of the understanding of Vock, Miriam Inst. IQB, Humboldt-Universita¨t zu Attachment and love: Their influence on sexual a drawing by the author herself. The diagnostic- Berlin, Berlin, Germany behaviour correction procedure is made up of concentration Former studies showed contradicting results con- Garcia Rodriguez, Georgina Mexico City, Mexico Dı´az attention on systematic characteristics of the cerning the role of motivation in predicting school Loving, Rolando Facultad de Psicologı´a, UNAM, unconscious which direct the personality programs achievement when cognitive abilities are controlled. Me´ xico, D. F., Mexico of an individual and these are expressed in the In this study, we analyze the unique contribution of Attachment and love are both theoretically and tendencies of behaviour. students’ motivation beyond intelligence and pre- empirically linked to sexual behaviour (Fischer, vious knowledge on school achievement. Cross- 2004; Bogaert & Sadava, 2002; Frey & Hojjat, Dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive sectional and longitudinal data of N = 5,261 high 1998). In the context of collectivistic cultures, sexual behavior therapy in the treatment of Anorexia school students from grades 5, 7, and 9 are behaviour is strongly associated to affective aspects and Bulimia Nervosa in adolescents presented. Measures are several scales assessing of interpersonal bonds (Giraldo, 2000). The pur- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Salbach-Andrae, Harriet Kinder- und motivation (self-efficacy, domain specific self-con- pose of this research was the prediction of sexual Jugendpsychiatrie, Charite´ Berlin, Berlin, Germany cept, interests), intelligence (figural and verbal behaviour through attachment and love styles. 209 Bohnekamp, Inga Child and Adolescent psychiatr, reasoning), standardized achievement tests (maths Mexican adults with different relationships status Charite´ , Berlin, Germany Klinkowski, Nora Child and and German) and grades. Results from classical completed three quantitative measures. Multiple Adolescent psychiatr, Charite´, Berlin, Germany multiple regression analyses and multi-level ana- regression analysis showed that the frequency of Pfeiffer, Ernst Child and Adolescent psychiatr, Charite´, lyses (accounting for class and school effects) will be seduction, physical contact, sexual contact and self- Berlin, Germany Lehmkuhl, Ulrike Child and presented and discussed. eroticism, and the number of life time sexual Adolescent psychiatr, Charite´, Berlin, Germany partners, are reliably predicted by attachment and Objectives: Few randomized, controlled trials have love styles. Students’ and schoolmates’ motivation on examined the efficacy of treatments for eating academic achievement: School-, and student- disorders in adolescents. The aim of the ongoing level analyses in Hong Kong Psychological processes of BDSM: The players study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Dialectical Zeng, Xihua Educational Psychology, The Chinese perspective Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavior University of HK, Hong Kong, China, People’s Lopez, David Sociology, California State University, Therapy (CBT) in adolescents suffering from eating Republic of : Hong Kong SAR Northridge, USA disorders. Methods: Patients with anorexia or This research examines how schoolmates’ motiva- This research explores psychological processes bulimia nervosa are randomly assigned to a CBT, tion moderates the effect of individual students’ associated with BDSM (Bondage and Discipline/ DBT or a control treatment including nonspecific motivation on academic achievement. Mathematics Dominance and Submission/Sadomasochism) supportive clinical management (NCM). Results: test scores of 4478 fifteen-year-olds as well as based on-depth informal discussions with active CBT and DBT are superior to NCM, while no Wednesday 23rd July 2008 435

significant differences between CBT and DBT were of 1,136 Jewish adults. We examined the relation- ing traumatic impulses consequences, pathological found. Conclusions: CBT and DBT can be effective ship between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and to the subject-personal being of a person. therapies in the treatment of eating disorders in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom adolescents. severity, out-group biases against Arabs, and the support for political violence. Findings indicated FP-253: Personality assessment II that PTG was related to greater PTSD symptom Learning implementation of exposure therapy for severity. PTG was also related to greater threat Construction and validation of a resiliency scale Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Student perception of and exclusionism of Arabs, support- for Mexican students with low achievement perspective and implications for outcome ing the mortality salience hypothesis posited by Esquivel Alcocer, Landy A. Dept. de Educacio´n, Meeke, Heidi Professional Psychology, Pacific terror management theory. This study suggests that Universidad Auto´ noma Yucata´n, Me´ rida, Mexico University, Portland, USA PTG may be a form of defensive coping. Exposure to caustic events is an all too common Go´ ngora Coronado, Elı´as A. Psicologı´a, Universidad human experience, and many go on to develop Auto´ noma Yucata´n,Me´rida, Yucata´ n, Mexico The objective of this study was the design and posttraumatic stress disorder. Treatment markedly Dependency, self-criticism, social support and validation of a Scale Resilience for Mexican shortens suffering but exposure therapy is too often posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in students with low achievement. The participants underutilized, leaving many patients chronically Peruvian university students were 428 students, 214 males and 214 females, with impaired. Objectives: ‘‘Live’’ training surmounts Gargurevich, Rafael Lima, Peru Luyten, Patrick obstacles to effective implementation of exposure ages between 11 and 17 years old, belonging to a Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Public High School in Progreso, Yucatan. Explora- therapy. Methods: Real-time training with real Corveleyn, Jozef Psychology, University of Leuven, tory factor analysis resulted in a 10 factors that patients was received. End-state functioning was Leuven, Belgium assessed using clinical significance and reliable explains the 41.684 of the total variance. The Alpha We studied the relationship between Dependency Cronbach Reliability Coefficient of the scale was change, and treatment adherence was monitored. and Self-criticism personality dimensions, social Results: Patients met ‘‘recovered’’ status and .931. Besides the fact that the scale is psychome- support and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) trically appropriate for its application, it was utilization of exposure therapy by student remains symptomatology in a sample of 562 Peruvian high. Conclusions: ‘‘Live’’ training does not inter- identified that the factors agree with the theoretical university students. Results showed that, as ex- principles. fere with outcome, and may be strongest form of pected, Self-criticism was positively associated with true dissemination. PTSD symptoms, and negatively associated with both received and perceived social support. Depen- Measurement estimation: A coherent construct? FP-252: Posttraumatic stress dency was associated with intrusion and hyperar- Hogan, Thomas Dept. of Psychology, University of disorders ousal symptoms, but not with avoidance nor with Scranton, Scranton, USA sleep disturbance symptoms. Dependency was Measurement estimation (ME) involves the rapid, The scars we can’t see: Reducing the onset of positively associated with perceived social support, noncalculated estimation of measures (e.g., length, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) following while Self- criticism was negatively associated with weight, volume, time) of common objects in the traumatic event social support. Results are discussed in light of the environment. Despite ME’s long history in psycho- Maffia, Anthony J. Jamaica Hospital, New York, USA differential vulnerabilities for PTSD related symp- logical assessment and pedagogical practice, our This presentation will contribute to the evaluation toms associated with Dependency and Self-criti- studies call into question its coherence as a debate by exploring the conceptual and theoretical cism. construct. In contrast to two other types of underpinnings of traumatic stress reactivity and its quantitative estimation (computational and numer- osity), ME shows relatively weak internal consis- implications for the development and administra- Psychological reactions and social support in tency; and ME shows no meaningful relationship tion of interventions designed to assist recovery in female burn survivors with a variety of other tests which would be populations affected by traumatic stress by briefly Gul, Iram Dept. of Behavioral Sciences, Fatima Jinnah reviewing the evidence for the effectiveness of expected to correlate with any quantitative ability. Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Idrees, We review this evidence and suggest possible ways psychological debriefing as a means of reducing Samreen Behavioral Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women psychological morbidity following traumatic expo- to conceptualize several subskills which may possess University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan sufficient internal consistency. sure. Psychological and social influences on re- The study identified the relationship between post sponse are identified and used to tentatively offer burn psychological reactions and social support in explanations for the differential effectiveness of female burn survivors. Sample consisted of 35 The adequacy of the Irrational Beliefs Inventory critical incident stress management in reducing the female burnt patients (age=18-40 years) with first (IBI-50) to Arab culture according to onset of psychological morbidity. and second-degree accidental burn injuries. Patients psychometric properties with pre-morbid chronic physical and psychological Mohaisen, Khalaf Psychology, United Arab Emirates Development and evaluation of a status quo disorder, serious trauma exposure, intentional burn Universit, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates measuring instrument to assess posttraumatic injuries were not included. Psychological distress, This research aimed at investigating the adequacy growth PTSD symptoms and Social Support were assessed of the IBI (Koopman, et al., 1994) to Arab culture. Barskova, Tatjana Clinical and Health Psychology, with GHQ-12, PTSD Checklist- Specific and Social The researcher was intrigued with the cross cultural Technische Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Support Scale respectively. The results revealed a findings of the IBI. Sanderman (2002) indicated Schubbe, Oliver Traumatherapie, Institut fu¨r significant negative relationship between psycholo- similarities between American and Dutch samples. Traumatherapie, Berlin, Germany gical reactions and social support among female Plessis et al (2004) found the IBI is adequate to the Processes of Posttraumatic Growth reflect bene- burn survivors. The study highlights the importance white but not to the Black South African students. ficial psychological adjustment in persons with of psychological assessment of burn victims and Findings of this research on 299 university students, traumatic experience. The objective of the study role of social support in the rehabilitation programs using correlations and factor analysis, indicated was to develop and to evaluate a status quo for these survivors. that IBI is not adequate for Arab culture, since its measuring instrument of posttraumatic growth, subscales are not independent from each other and the PGSI. The analysed samples comprised sub- its factor structure is not similar to the original Existential trauma: Theoretical novum in samples of 229 adult persons with traumatic study. Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 psychology of health experience and 114 parents of disabled children. Mamcarz, Peter Dept. of Health Psychology, Catholic Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Popielski, Construct validity of the practical and regulation revealed a 7-factors solution, corresponding to the Kazimierz Health Psychology, Catholic University of skills inventory following subscales: Relationships to Others, New Lublin, Lublin, Poland Rascevska, Malgozata Dept. of Psychology, Possibilities, Personal Strength, Appreciation of Scientific knowledge of the traumatic impulses University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Life, Spiritual Changes, Generosity, Openness. consequences has its top discovery in the PTSD. The aim of this study was to determine the latent Results showed sufficient degrees of reliability, Since in a case of post-trauma a person is reduced structure of Practical and Regulation Skills Inven- convergent and discriminant validity. The PGSI is by stress to psychophysical functioning, a new tory (PRSI) in a sample of 209 adults with age recommended particularly for use in longitudinal attempt of overcoming the old paradigm appeared M=30.30, SD=13.47 (50% female and 50% male). studies. in defining the new idea on the basis of noopsycho- Principal component confirmatory factor analyses somatic multidimensional model of existence. was performed to test hypothetical model previous The role of posttraumatic growth following Moreover the new approach enabled to grasp the broached within the framework of qualitative terrorism from a terror management perspective temporality of man more broadly, and to change study. The 9 factors were yielded from 195 items: Hall, Brian Dept. of Psychology, Kent State University, the level of sensitivity to a negative impulse. The Computer Using, Sports, Household, Foreign Stow, USA Hobfoll, Stevan Psychology, Kent State new method was arrived Existential Trauma Ques- Language, Social, Information Interchange, Art University, Kent, USA tionnaire (KTE): (7 factors, 5 grade scale, 139 and Hobbies, Repair Work, and Regulation Skills We conducted a study of terrorism in Israel via questions + 4 quality questions) The goal is an (Cronbach’s alphas for all scales were above .89). telephone surveys that included a national sample attempt to broaden the actual knowledge concern- The results support the construct validity of PRSI. 436 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Bradberry-Greevs Emotional Intelligence Test: the mother’s meaningful acts was captured through FP-255: Social issues: Children and Norming-process on the high school students in hierarchical changing in the history of each relation youth II Iran mother-baby. We have concluded that these chan- Seirafi, Mohamad Reza Dept. of Psychology, Islamic ging exemplify the way that mental estates intro- Azad University, Karja, Islamic Republic of Iran Sabet, Children’s drawings reveal the ‘‘mondus duce itself in the development of the Mehrdad operandi ‘‘of family violence The purpose is due inspecting the validity, relia- communication, with the support of the joint Simopoulou, Agapi Nursery, University of Ioannina, bility, and finding the norm(totally normig) of the attention. Rethymno, Greece Zervoudaki, Eleni Bradbrry-Greevse EQ test on the high school This paper is part of a diachronic research which started the year 2005. Studied 270 cases of abused students in Iran. The sample volume was 600 The effect of creative drama education on students (girl&boy), who were studying in the 2006 children, in ages 6 to 12, in the island of Crete. The receptive and expressive language developments aim was to explore the ways of violence in the -2007 academic year. This research performed of 5-6 years old children in2Phase. The statistical analysis was performed families. Information’s were taken from interviews Go¨ nen, Mu¨ beccel Preschool Education, Hacettepe using the computer and the software package of with parents, friends, teachers and relatives. The University, Ankara, Turkey spss14. The research findings assured reliability and main tool was children’s drawings. ‘‘Family test’’, This research has been made to analyse the effects validity in the Bradberry- Greeves EQ test, then the was used to analyze drawings. Results are related general norm tables were prepared, which may be of creative drama on receptive and expressive with the seven main dimensions of family interac- used in the field of clinical diagnosis in Iran. Key language development of 5-6 years old children tion: Emotional atmosphere, communication, words: Norming, Test, Emotion Intelligence groups. 34 children from one kindergarten formed boundaries, alliances, constancy and adaptation, the test group, 34 children from the other kinder- family self efficiency. Also the Study showed that garten formed the control group. Language devel- violence in these families has a strong relationship FP-254: Perspective taking and with cruelty experiences of parents. Key words: opments were tested as pre-test and post-test by joint attention in childhood child abuse, Family focal evaluation, childish Peabody picture vocabulary test and Denver screen- drawing Family context and Theory of Mind development ing test and then evaluated the effects on creative in 5-year-olds in the Basque autonomous drama. At the and of statistical analysis, it was Age differences and development of prejudice community found that creative drama education on 5-6 years among children and adolescents: A meta-analysis Galende, Nuria Basic Psychological Processes, age group has positive effects on children’s recep- Raabe, Tobias Research Synthesis & Intervent, Basque Country University, San Sebastia´n, Spain tive and expressive language developments. Key Arranz, Enrique Bernardino Basic Psychological University of Jena, Jena, Germany Beelmann, words: language development, creative drama, Processes, Basque Country University, San Sebastia´n, Andreas Research Synthesis & Inter, University of Spain Sa´ nchez de Miguel, Manuel Basic receptive, expressive. Jena, Jena, Germany Psychological Processes, Basque Country University, This meta-analysis integrates results of studies San Sebastia´ n, Spain (N=129) on age differences in prejudice among Comparing children’s behavioral and verbal children and adolescents. Separate data analyses The main focus of this study was to analyze the performances: Gender differences in level 1 influence of the family context in Theory of Mind were accomplished concerning the type of prejudice perspective taking and the method of measurement (ingroup-bias vs. development (ToM) in 150 preschoolers. The data Zhao, Jing Department of Psychology, Peking was collected through directly interviews with the out-group negativity). Several factors (e.g., legiti- University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Wang, macy of hostility) were tested as moderators of age- children at school, interviews with their parents, Lu Dept. of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, systematic observation in the home and question- related differences explaining effect size variance. People’s Republic of China Su, Yanjie Department of The meta-analysis reveals specific developmental naires completed by the parents and school Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s counselors. The results showed a significant rela- changes regarding prejudice toward different out- Republic of China groups. Moreover, the results suggest differences tionship between some variables within the family The study aimed to investigate sixty 3-to-5-year-old context and the children’s performance on ToM between the development of in-group bias and out- children’s level 1 perspective-taking, and to make a tasks. Given that intervention can improve the group negativity. In general a need for longitudinal family context, these results have important educa- comparison between their behavioral and verbal studies and a lack of research on prejudice in tional implications. performances. A hiding game with a one-way adolescents (compared to children) was identified. mirror and elaborated coding principles was designed. Three-way ANOVA indicated significant Comparison of traditional and modern games in The relationship between family communication Turkey interaction among tasks, age and gender pattern and child goal orientation Dincer, Caglayan Preschool, Ankara University, (F(2,48)=3.55, p=0.037, g2=0.13): girl’s behavioral Zare, Maryam Dept. Educational Psychology, Shiraz Ankara, Turkey Gurkan, Tanju Curriculum and and verbal performances increased from 3 to 5 University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran Samani, Instruction, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Sen, years old, in the same pattern; boy’s behavioral Syamack Educational psychology, Shiraz University, Muge Preschool, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey data was similar to girls’, while their verbatim shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran The aim of study was examining the prediction of This study aims to show to what extent the improved little across ages. These findings indicated traditional games are reflected in the modern ones goal orientation by family communication patterns. that behavioral task had its advantages to detect in Turkey. The data were collected through The sample group included 435 girls and boys ‘‘Traditional Game Form and Modern Game more subtle differences about children’s level 1 students selected randomly from high schools of Form’’ developed by the researchers for this perspective-taking. Shiraz. Goal orientation (Elliot, MacGregor, 2001) qualitative interview focused study. Traditional scale, and revised version of Koerner-Fitzpatrick Family Communication Patterns scale were used. Game Form has been created to gather information Effects of social cues on long-term memory in Cronbach alpha coefficient and internal consistency through interviews from different regions; whereas, infancy: An event-related potentials study showed acceptable reliability and validity of the Modern Game Form has been filled in with the Kopp, Franziska Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max- interview data on the games children play collected instruments. Results of multiple regression revealed Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Planck-Institut, Berlin, Germany that conversation orientation was a positive pre- from parents of 0-12 year olds from the same This study tested whether the facilitating effect of region. 50 traditional games from a variety of dictor of Mastery approach and Performance regions are compared to the modern ones in social cues in infants’ object processing could be approach and conformity orientation was a positive Turkey. observed for long-term memory processes as well. predictor of mastery avoidance, performance avoid- 4-month-old and 9-month-old infants were famil- ance and performance approach. iarized with visual stimuli while they were engaged Joint attention and intersubjectivity in the relation mother–baby in joint attention interactions with the experimenter The relationship between parental disciplinary Vieira, Nadja Dept. of Psychology, Univers. Federal de vs. in a non-joint attention condition. EEG was practices and discipline, internalization, social Alagoas, Maceio´ , Brazil recorded in two recognition phases (immediately vs. competence and cognitive development The statement that ‘‘joint attention points out the after one week) where familiar items were presented problems of children baby’s ability to infer mental estates’’ was the main with novel items. Event-related brain potentials Gu¨ lterler, Derya Bengi Semerci Enstitusu, Istanbul, ¨ problem of this research. Our objective was to (ERP) showed a novelty effect in both recognition Turkey Oktem, Ferhunde Cocuk Ruh Sagligi, Hacettepe Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey analyze the reorganization of activities in the phases. Furthermore, 9-month-olds’ ERP responses communication mediated by objects, between In this study, disciplinary practices of Turkish mother and baby. The analysis was carried out differed between the joint attention and the non- parents and the relationship among these practices utilizing fifty videos of interaction mother-baby joint attention condition. Results indicate the and some of personality features of children is (babies between five and thirty weeks old), in importance of social interactions for infant learning examined. The data were collected from 606 weekly sessions. The baby’s comprehension about and long-term memory. Turkish families of 10-11 years old children via 2 Wednesday 23rd July 2008 437

questionnaires and Personality Inventory for Chil- Long-Term Orientation (LTO) is a tendency Sense of coherence, dysfunctional beliefs, dren. The results revealed that verbal methods were towards future planning, influencing many life automatic thoughts and self-esteem in predicting the most frequently used disciplinary techniques by domains. By means of in-depth interview, brain- life satisfaction among Turkish university both mothers and fathers in order to increase the storming, and large sample testing, the current students positive and decrease the negative behaviors of research developed a new LTO questionnaire, from Cecen, Ayse Rezan Psyhological Counselling, children. Especially aggression used by fathers, a two-dimension perspective rather than from Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey removal of the reinforcers, neglecting both positive Hofstede and Bond’s perspective of thrift and The purpose of this study to determine how and negative behaviors were related with the money saving. Significant positive correlations university students’ life satisfaction are predicted problematic personality features of the children. between LTO and criteria such as Initiativitiy, by their level of sense of coherence (SOC), Self-Efficacy, Hope, and Resilience were observed, dsysfunctional beliefs, automatic thoughts and self indicating the good criterion-related validity of the Motivation, hope, and optimism: Psychological esteem. The study was conducted on 385 university scale. The theoretical constructs of LTO would be resilience among undocumented immigrant students. To analyse data pearson product moment youth in the United States further investigated and confirmed in the incoming research and the relationships of LTO with both life correlations and regression analyses techniques Perez, William Los Angeles, CA, USA Ramos, Karina and organizational outcomes are discussed. were used. The findings of this study supported Education, Claremont Graduate University, Los Angeles, CA, USA Coronado, Heidi Education, Antonovsky’s theoritical frame. The results indi- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA Coherent approach to the individual differences cated that there are significant positive strong Cortes, Richard Education, Claremont Graduate in subjective well-being: An investigation based correlations between life satisfaction SOC, self University, Claremont, CA, USA on interactionistic research paradigm esteem and, negative correlations between SOC For many Latino youth, being an immigrant in the Horike, Kazuya Humanities and Social Sciences, Iwate and negative dysfunctional beliefs and negative United States is not easy—particularly when they Univesity, Iwate, Japan Matsuoka, Kazuo Humanities automatic thoughts. The results of the study has lack legal status. The purpose of this study is to and Social Sciences, Iwate Univesity, Morioka, Iwate, also shown that all independent variables contrib- explore the factors that influence academic success Japan Oda, Nobuo Humanities and Social Sciences, uted statisticly significant (p,.05) in predicting life for undocumented immigrant students. One hun- Iwate Univesity, Morioka, Iwate, Japan dred and seventy two students participated in the We investigated the ‘coherent’ patterns of indivi- satisfaction. study using snowball sampling methodology. Parti- dual differences (Mishcel & Shoda, 1995) in cipants completed an online survey and an in-depth subjective well-being (SWB) by analyzing the one hour interview followed. Understanding risk relationships among psychological, social, and FP-257: Memory illusion and resiliency among undocumented Latino im- emotional well-being (Horike, et al., 2006, AASP). migrant adolescents will help educators, mental In the present study, we asked 106 participants to The effect of perceptual similarity on false health professionals, and policy makers improve the rate their SWB on the interaction with the six role recognition quality of life of current and future generations of persons under the twelve situations. To find the Hutton, Samuel Psychology, University of Sussex, families. coherent patterns of these ratings, cluster analysis Brighton, United Kingdom Otero, Samantha was conducted. Three clusters were elicited. Then, Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United we analyzed the relationships of some cognitive- Kingdom Weekes, Brendan Psychology, University of FP-256: Personality and well-being affective variables (self esteem, optimism, BIS/BAS, Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom I and regulatory focus) in each cluster by SEM Participants show increased rates of false recogni- modeling. The results showed the relationships tion to distractors that are semantically related to Attachment style as a predictor to depressive among these variables differed from these clusters. studied targets, but it is not clear whether this symptoms following in hassles in University relationship holds for pictorial stimuli. We com- students in China Methodological problems if human potential pared the effects of semantic and perceptual Zhu, Xiongzhao Medical Psychological Research, phylogenesis research similarity on false recognition and found increased Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People’s Podshyvalkina, Valentyna General and social Republic of China Abela, John R. Z. McGill false recognition rates for pictures that were psychology, Odessa Mechnikov University, Odessa, University,, Department of Psychology,, Montreal perceptually similar to the learned items. This effect Ukraine (QC), Canada Tong, Xi McGill University,, Department was not observed with written words. A further In this paper the human potential phylogenesis is of Psychology,, Montreal (QC), Canada Yao, Shuqiao experiment demonstrated a novel pupillary re- Medical Psychological Research, The Second Xiangya discussed. The author analyzes the intergeneration differences of attention characteristics in two ways: sponse to old items during recognition, and an Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China attenuated response to falsely recognized distrac- Few studies have examined if attachment style (1) between three age adults groups and (2) between tors. We conclude that perceptual similarity is would be associated with greater elevations in generations of employees of the beginning of 80s depressive symptoms following elevation. This and of the present days. It was shown that the important in generating false recognition of pictor- study try to examine whether attachment style highest indexes of some attention parameters ial stimuli. predict the development of depressive symptoms (stability, distribution and concentration) have 30- 39 years old employees in both generations. It was following increases in hassles in university students. Explaining false recognition in the Deese- At time1, 635 students (age 16-23 years) from found the significant growth of modern aging people’s attention indexes. The key goal is to show Roediger-McDermott paradigma: Spreading, Hunan, China, completed measures assessing de- implicit, or global activation? pressive symptoms, hassels, attachment styles. Once how the selection practice monitoring can stimulate Brandt, Martin Lehrstuhl Psychologie III, Universita¨t a month for the next 6 months, participants new research of human potential phylogenesis. Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Buchner, Axel completed measures assessing depressive symptoms Allgemeine Psychologie, Universita¨t Du¨ sseldorf, and hassels. Results of hierarchical linear modeling The effect of gender and spirituality differences Du¨ sseldorf, Germany Schmid, Juliane Allgemeine analyses indicated that insecure attachment styles on SOC among united methodists Psychologie, Universita¨t Du¨ sseldorf, Du¨ sseldorf, are associated with depressive symptoms, and low

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Alexandre, Renata Health and Human Performance, Germany Undorf, Monika Lehrstuhl Psychologie III, secure attachment styles were associated with MTSU, Murfreesboro, TN, USA Zengaro, Franco Universita¨t Du¨ sseldorf, Mannheim, Germany dlevations in depressive symptoms following eleva- Health and Human Performance, MTSU, After studying semantically related words, a pro- lation in hassles. There was a significant interaction Murfreesboro, TN, USA between hassles and low secure attachment style. nounced false memory effect for related but not Objectives: Using a salutogenesis framework, this studied words is usually observed. Although this study examined the relationship of gender, spiri- effect is under active study, a commonly accepted The development of long-term orientation scale tuality, and SOC to overall health. Methods: theoretical explanation is still missing. According to Zhang, Qi Dept. of Psychology, Peking University, Participants were 200 United Methodists. Data spreading activation theories and implicit activation Beijing, People’s Republic of China Liu, Xiaoyan were collected through questionnaires. One-way Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s ANOVA and regression analyses were conducted to theories, the representations of critical lures are Republic of China Yang, Qian Psychology, Peking identify differences in gender, spirituality and SOC. activated in the study phase, whereas in global University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Wang, Results: Previous studies have found conflicting activation accounts, critical lures elicit activation Lei Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s results. We hypothesize that males will have a during retrieval. In a series of four experiments we higher SOC. We also hypothesize that a high SOC Republic of China Lin, Han Psychology, Peking test specific predictions of these theoretical ac- University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Zhang, will correlate with a high level of spirituality. counts. We show that false recognition and false Xingwei Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, Conclusion: SOC, gender, and spirituality are People’s Republic of China Xiao, Shanshan important in determining effective health care, recall are dissociable and that false memories do not Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s empowering women, and assisting them in finding depend on pre-existing knowledge structures. Over- Republic of China value in life’s activities. all, the results favor the global activation account. 438 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Creating false recall and recognition of (N=60), we found that increasing frequencies of interaction has influence on outcome parameters evolutionary reproduction-related non-presented either imagining or observing actions led to like pain, function, control and depressive symp- lure words increasing false memories of self-performance, and toms. Abdollahi, Abdolhossein Psychology, Islamic Azad this effect was stronger than in two control University-Zarand, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran conditions. This first demonstration of ‘‘observa- Knowledge and attitude toward mental health Two experiments investigated the possibility that tion inflation’’ is discussed with reference to recent problems as predictor of seeking professional high-testosterone adult males would falsely recall theories of simulation and mirror mechanisms. psychological help and recognize evolutionary reproduction-related Yaghubi, Hamid Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Shahed lure words in a Deese-Roediger-McDermott list- FP-258: Medical help seeking University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Melyani, learning paradigm. in Exp 1, 240 male participants Mahdiyeh Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Shahed with low and high levels of testosterone received 10 University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran lists of semantically-associated evolutionary repro- Gender differences in subjective help seeking Objectives: The purpose of this study was to duction-related words all of which had a non- threshold and health care utilization: Is there an investigate Iranian college students’ attitudes to- presented lure word. In Exp 2, another 250 interrelation between both features? ward seeking professional psychological help. participants with low and high levels of testosterone Glaesmer, Heide Inst. fu¨ r Medizin. Psychologie, Methods: The sampel (N= 150) are divided to 3 and under low and high arousal conditions received Universita¨ t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Bra¨ hler, Elmar groups:Normal Group = NG, Help Seeking the same material as in Exp 1. Results indicated Medical Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Group= HSG and Non Help Seeking Group= that in both experiments, high-testosterone partici- Germany Martin, Alexandra Clinical Psychology, NHSG and evaluated by the GHQ–28 and a pants falsely recalled and recognized higher levels of University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany Mewes, researchers-made questionnaire as the Knowledge non-presented lure words. Ricarda Clinical Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany Rief, Winfried Clinical Psychology, and Attitude Toward Mental Health Problem and University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany Services Scale (KATMHPSS). Results: 1) NHSG Influences of warning and time pressure on false Objectives: Women show an increased health care significantly has more mental health problems than recognition & further evidence for dual- utilization (HCU) compared to men. We are HSG. 2) NHSG has less knowledge and more processing theory analyzing the interaction of gender differences in negative attitude than two other groups. 3) HSG Zhou, Chu Department of Psychology, Fudan HCU and subjective help seeking threshold has more knowledge and positive attitude than NG. University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China (SHST). Methods: A German representative sample 4) The female students have more favourable Jiang, Yuncheng Department of Psychology, Fudan of 2511 subjects was face-to-face interviewed using attitudes than males. University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China a structured questionnaire. Results: Women show a Yang, Zhiliang Department of Psychology, East China significantly higher HCU within the last year The role of psychology in community heart Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of (number of total/ specialist visits etc.), have a lower failure services: Action research and to influence China SHST and different patterns of complaints trigger- practice among health professionals Adopting Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm, ing help seeking behaviour: Both features are McManus, Jim Dept. of Public Health, Barking & the mechanism of false recognition was investigated significantly influencing HCU. Conclusions: The Dagenham NHS PCT, Barking, United Kingdom in a 2 (forewarning) 62 (presentation time) meaning of both characteristics will be discussed as An action research programme implemented across 62(time pressure during recognition)63 (types of a possible reason of the increased HCU in women. East London sought to improve the use of items) factorial design. ANOVA showed a signifi- psychological insights in clinical care for people cant main effect of forewarning, and interaction Overlapping relationships of rural and urban with heart failure. This presentation will report on a between item type and time pressure. Using signal multi-professional and multi-phase project to de- detection theory (SDT), further analysis showed providers with their patients Johnson, Mark Behav Health Research & Svcs, liver organisational change and increased skills in that participants had poorer discrimination under health professionals, with the aim of preventing time pressure, which indicated that they have no University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, USA Brems, Christiane Behav Health Research & Sv, death and increasing quality of life in people with enough time to make judgments. The SDT analysis heart failure also showed that participants used more strict University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, response criterion when giving them forewarning. USA Mills, Michael E. Psychology, Loyola Marymount The results are deeply discussed under activation/ University, Los Angeles, California, USA Warner, The role of embarrassment in seeking medical monitoring theory. Teddy D. School of Medicine, University of New help Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Roberts, Fernandez de Ortega, Hilda Psychology, UAEH, Laura W. Psychiatry & Behavior Medi, Medical Mexico City, Mexico Harris, Christine Psychology, Age differences in the suppression of false College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA UCSD, La Jolla, USA Reidl, Lucy Psychology, UNAM, memories Objectives: Our federally funded study is the first Mexico City, Mexico Guzman Saldana, Rebeca Carneiro, Paula Psicologia, Universidade Lusofona, large-scale survey assessing degree to which multi- Psychology, UAEH, Tilcuautla, Mexico Lisbon, Portugal ple relationships arise for rural versus urban Given the importance of embarrassment in seeking The DRM paradigm is one of the most powerful healthcare providers. Method: We conducted a medical help, and due to the lack of data about the procedures to generate false memories by associa- survey with care providers in Alaska and New nature of embarrassment in Hispanics/Latin popu- tive processes. It implies the presentation of lists of Mexico, analyzing responses from 1555 partici- lations, the specific goal this study was to examine associates with the omission of their converging pants. Results: The smaller the community, the the psychological impact that embarrassment in words, thus creating the illusion that those conver- more often providers report significant challenges physician-patient has on a Latin sample. 1057 ging words were actually presented. The present related to overlapping relationships, such as perso- persons, females and males, completed the embar- study was concerned with the different processes nal, social, and professional contacts with patients. rassment questionnaire. Participant’s answers were used by adults and children to suppress false Physical care providers engaged in multiple rela- analyzed using a factor analysis with varimax memories. The results of a set of experiments using tionships more often than behavioral care provi- rotation. Three factors with appropriate psycho- this paradigm showed that although in general ders. Conclusions: Avoiding multiple relationships metric measures were revealed. First factor related adults produced more false memories than children, in small communities is difficult and occurs at the with bodily embarrassment. The second factor they are also more able to use monitoring strategies expense of providers’ ability to avoid social isola- accessing comfort with medical examinations, and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 to suppress them. tion. the third factor indexing concern about negative social. Gender differences were found. Observation inflation: Your actions become mine Patient-doctor-interaction in rehabilitation: The Lindner, Isabel FG Psychologie, AE Methodenl., impact of interaction quality on treatment results FP-259: Group development Universita¨t zu Ko¨ ln, Ko¨ ln, Germany Echterhoff, Gerald Dibbelt, Susanne DRV Westfalen, Klinik Mu¨ nsterland, Sozialpsychologie, Universita¨ t Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Bad Rothenfelde, Germany Schaidhammer, Monika The potential influences of new members on Germany Brand, Matthias Physiologische DRV Westfalen, Klinik Muensterland, Bad their group life-course and performance Psychologie, Universita¨ t Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Rothenfelde, Germany Greitemann, Bernhard DRV Chang, Kirk Dept. of Applied Psychology, University Hussy, Walter FG Psychologie, AE Methodenl., Westfalen, Klinik Muensterland, Bad Rothenfelde, of Cumbria, Carlisle, Cumbria, United Kingdom Universita¨t zu Ko¨ ln, Ko¨ ln, Germany Germany Fleischer, Christian DRV Westfalen, Klinik Based on Social Dilemma and Group Socialization When people repeatedly imagine action perfor- Muensterland, Bad Rothenfelde, Germany theories, this project investigated the influences of mance, they often falsely remember having per- Communication between doctor and patient has a new members on group lifecourse and performance. formed those actions - the imagination-inflation key function in medical care. A new theory-based Data were collected via virtual-reality experiments. effect (IIE). Based on research showing that the instrument (P.A.INT-Questionnaire) is presented Experiment One revealed that new members observation of actions can create matching (‘‘mir- by which 470 patients and 60 physicians rated the impeded group dynamic by reducing mutual trust rored’’) representations in observers we examined quality of their shared interaction due to affective, and cooperation between members, leading to whether a similar effect can be caused by observing instrumental and participation level of interaction poorer group performance. Experiment Two dis- someone else’s actions. In an IIE-type experiment (Dibbelt, 2007). There is evidence that the quality of covered that members with higher group-commit- Wednesday 23rd July 2008 439

ment were more likely to be accepted by the group, gories will improve the prediction of leadership Visual word recognition by trilinguals: Effects of which encouraged other members to generate effectiveness or the explanation of why some leaders orthographical, phonological and semantic contributions to the group. Compared to the are more effective than others in a given situation. overlaps in language decision tasks implementation of sanction policy (either reward Lavaur, Jean-Marc Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ or punishment), higher group-commitment was a Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France Aparicio, Xavier better factor to predict group performance. Find- Work values and team’s satisfaction and Psychology, Universite´ Montpellier 3, Montpellier, ings contributed to the theoretical framework of commitment France Vandeberg, Lisa Dijkstra, Ton managerial theories. Porto, Juliana Dept. of Psychology, Catholic This research study the role of orthographical, University of Brasil, Aguas Claras, Brazil phonological and semantic features of French, This study aimed to investigate the impact of English and Spanish translation equivalents during How important is the time in teamwork: personal and perception of team’s work values on lexical access. We use translation equivalents Longitudinal analysis of team members’ interdependence and group potency on team’s satisfaction and commitment. 105 indivi- ranked according to their overlap between lan- effectiveness duals responded a questionnaire. The intraclass guages. Several studies have shown that the representation of cognates in the mental lexicon is Mena, Banesa Dept. of Social Psychology, correlation was not significant and analysis was different of specific words. 24 trilinguals performed Complutense University, Madrid, Spain Barrasa, done at the individual level. The results indicated Angel SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE 3 language decision tasks, were french, English and Stability (r=0.266; r=0.318), Interpersonal relations Spanish were compared two by two. Results show UNIVERSITY, POZUELO DE ALARCON (MADRID), (r=0.322; r=0.375) and Professional Fulfillment Spain Gil, Francisco SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, that when the degree of overlap is strong between (r=0.280; r=0.444) values as positively correlated COMPLUTENSE UNIVERSITY, POZUELO DE the languages, the response time is lower and there ALARCON (MADRID), Spain with team satisfaction and commitment. The is more errors, according to a non-specific access to This paper analyzes the influence of time process in perception of these values as the team’s values also the mental lexicon. cooperative learning situations. A model on the correlated positively, and perception of Prestige was time influence in the development of teamwork is negatively correlated. The multiple regression ana- Evidence for inhibitory processes in language hypothesized using a longitudinal design with 22 lysis yield similar results and models explained 47% switching? university work groups. Results show the different and 49% for satisfaction and commitment, respec- Philipp, Andrea M. Inst. Verhaltenspsychologie, development of team members’ interdependence tively. RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany and group potency throughout six months of work In many situations, people have to flexibly switch and the influence on team effectiveness (perfor- between languages. We examined whether such mance and satisfaction). Conclusions analyze dif- Culturally diverse work groups as tightly-loosely language switching goes along with the inhibition of ferences between work groups at three different coupled systems: The role of task and currently irrelevant languages. To do so, we used a points of time (beginning, middle, and ending) and interpersonal social orientations in group cued language-switching paradigm, in which sub- teamwork variables’ effects during the process of performance jects had to name digits or pictures in one of three collaborative work Bachmann, Anne Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t zu languages (i.e., German, English, or French). We Kiel, Kiel, Germany Simon, Bernd Insitut fu¨r observed n-2 language repetition costs, indicating Psychologie, CAU zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany When is it ok to watch over your own? Power, the persistence of inhibitory processes. Further- Drawing on the concept of tightly-loosely coupled surveillance and social identity. more, we demonstrated that these inhibitory O’Donnell, Aisling School of Psychology, University systems (a concept specifying the quality of inter- processes do not affect a specific stimulus or of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom Jetten, Jolanda actions among system elements), social identity response set only. Rather, we conclude that the School of Psychology, University of Queensland, theory and diversity research we examined the language-switching paradigm indeed provides evi- Brisbane, Australia Ryan, Michelle School of effects on collective task performance of different dence for the inhibition of a competing, irrelevant Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United combinations of task and interpersonal orientations language. Kingdom (i.e. coupling) of the interacting group members. Previous research shows identification affects social Our prediction was that groups composed of Effects of semantic ambiguity in bilingual influence. We propose that identification affects processing: Number, dominance and semantic acceptance of surveillance. In two studies we members with differing cultural values are most similarity of translation equivalents demonstrate the positive relationship between effective when a strong task orientation (tight identification and surveillance acceptance. Shared coupling) is combined with a weak interpersonal Lavaur, Jean-Marc Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France Laxe´ n, Jannika identity with the powerful led to perceptions of orientation (loose coupling). Empirical analyses surveillance as ensuring safety, and reduced priv- Montpellier, France support our prediction. The utility of the TLCS- In order to investigate the bilingual semantic acy-invasion, than when identity was non-shared. concept for social psychological research on diver- Paradoxically, when identity between the powerful memory, we tested words with one or several sity and group processes is discussed. and others is shared, imposing high surveillance meanings, one or more than one translation backfires. In two studies, we found leaders using (dominant or not) in two translation recognition experiments. Both number of meanings (which high surveillance while sharing identity with their FP-260: Multilingualism II followers were evaluated less positively and pro- determine, in part, the semantic similarity between voked fewer organisational citizenship behaviours its multiple translations) and number of transla- and greater privacy infringement than when they The resolution of anaphors across languages: tions (and the relative dominance of the transla- used lower surveillance. These studies demonstrate Results from monolingual and bilingual speakers tions) increase the complexity of the representations that surveillance may undermine the perception Hemforth, Barbara LPNCog, Universite´ Rene´ of the words in the bilingual semantic network, and that identity is shared. Descartes/CNRS, Boulogne-Billancourt, France affect the speed of processing of the words. The Scheepers, Christoph Department of Psychology, interactions are discussed in respect of new tools in University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom the study of the bilingual mental lexicon. Leadership in hospitals’ teamwork: Task, relation Pynte, Joe¨l CNRS/Universite´ Rene´ Descartes,

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 and change-oriented leadership for different LPNCog, Boulogne Billancourt, France Konieczny, work-groups’ areas Lars Kognitionswissenschaft, Universitaet Freiburg, Languages on the screen: Effects of fluency and Barrasa, Angel Dept. of Social Psychology, Autonoma Freiburg, Germany interlingual subtitles on film comprehension Univer. of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Gil, Francisco Sentences that are superficially highly similar across Lavaur, Jean-Marc Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France Bairstow, Dept. of Social Psychology, Complutense Univer. of languages are not necessarily processed the same Dominique Dept. of Psychology, Universite´ Madrid, Madrid, Spain Rodriguez-Medina, Sandra way. We will present a series of eyetracking Dept. of Social Psychology, Autonoma Univer. of Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France experiments applying the visual world paradigm Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain The aim of this study is to analyse the role of In health care, teams have been seen usually as one (auditory presentation of the linguistic material plus interlingual subtitles on film comprehension. In two way to redesign work and to provide better levels of visual presentation of pictures), showing that experimental conditions (with and without sub- quality in services. Leadership in these teams plays anaphor resolution in sentences like "The postman titles), the same sequence of a film was seen by a key role on satisfaction and performance health met the street sweeper before he went home." is bilinguals and monolinguals. Different aspects of care work groups’ outcome. Sample comprises 406 highly dependent on the language of the listener, in comprehension were estimated (images, dialogues and understanding of the situation). The results participants, who are members of 89 healthcare particular on the frequency of the possible inter- teams at different public hospitals throughout show facilitatory effects of subtitling (in the native Spain. Results provide parsimonious and mean- pretations in the language. We will moreover language) for the monolinguals and inhibitory ingful conceptual framework of metacategories demonstrate considerable L1 to L2 interference effects for bilinguals. These effects can be extended with greater explanatory power (task, relation, effects for late but highly fluent bilingual French- to different aspects of the sequence. The interpreta- and change-oriented leadership). Using metacate- German speakers. tion of the results is given in the light of text and 440 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

movie frameworks of comprehension and bilingual ners had to make notes about texts either in any The effect of leader member exchange (LMX) on information processing (neutral) or in pictorial (picture) form, and - based organizational climate development on these notes - to answer recall and comprehension Adibrad, Nastaran Dept. of Counseling Psychology, FP-261: Learning strategies II questions afterwards. In both studies the picture Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic group constructed significantly more pictures and of Iran Learning strategies in the English as a second revealed better learning outcomes. The second In this research 60 employees who where selected language (ESL) classroom study additionally revealed a compensating effect randomly of University responded to Organiza- Costa-Ferreira, Paula Alexandra Nunes da Carvoeira, of learners’ spatial abilities. Thus, adults need tional Diagnosis Questionnair which assesses seven Portugal Veiga Sima˜ o, Ana Margarida Faculdade de instruction or enhanced abilities to use visualiza- dimentions of organizational climate(Purpose _ Psicologia e C.E., Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, tions strategically for text comprehension. Structure _ Leadership_-Rewards- Helpful _Atti- Portugal tude toward change) as a pre_test. After 8 months all samples responded to ODQ as post _test. The The aim of this study is to examine and validate the Making meaningful memory structure efficiency of methodology that promotes self- management procedure between that time was comparisons using bootstrap analysis of Leader Member Exchange which refer to the regulation strategies in contextualized settings in pathfinder networks the ESL classroom. To accomplish this goal, a case managing style that every member was looked as Jennings, Kyle Dept. of Psychology, University of study was done on nineteen elementary school an individual The result of this research showed the California, Berkeley, USA students who participated in behavioral, motiva- kind of relationship between leader & memberships Understanding people’s memory structures can tional and cognitive learning tasks in order to could change the Purpose _ Structure _ Leadership- unlock doors for cognitive, social, and educational accomplish academic goals, such as self-regulatory Helpful _Attitude toward change of organizational psychologists. Pathfinder network scaling is a competency and linguistic skill development. From climate. technique that extracts a network of links between the qualitative analysis obtained, results suggest that students improved their organizational and concepts from proximity data, providing a close match to models of semantic memory. Unfortu- Consciousness: What do underwater part of self-evaluation competencies as well as their linguis- iceberg hides? tic performance. These findings serve to establish nately, Pathfinder networks lack confidence inter- vals or obvious points of comparison, making them Agafonov, Andrey Faculty of Psychology, Samara the importance of contextualized self-regulated State University, Samara, Russia learning settings in the ESL classroom. unsuited to contrasting multiple populations. This research solves these problems by using nonpara- Consciousness is not equal to conscious awareness. metric bootstrap analysis. It also presents simula- Conscious phenomena should include unconscious What effects do the integrated format and use of tion results that examine how literally the exact content of consciousness and its’ mechanisms. Chinese notes have on learning to read English structures of the networks can be interpreted and Microgenesis of conscious awareness can be de- scribed as four consecutive steps: 1. Detection of all comprehension as second language? compared. This work reintroduces a valuable tool the incoming information. 2. Comparison of Chung, Kevin K.H. EPCL, Hong Kong Inst. of into the psychologist’s toolbox. Education, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : information. 3. Making decision about conscious Hong Kong SAR awareness (or unawareness). 4. Execution of the This study investigated the effects of integrated Poster Session Wednesday decision made. At this stage the reflective mechan- ism joins. Function of the reflective mechanism is to format and the use of Chinese explanation notes on Morning 09:00 reading comprehension. One hundred of grade 7 include the information chosen for conscious Hong Kong students studied an integrated or a awareness into content of consciousness that is separate format with and without Chinese notes to The role of family, relatives, and peers in Turkish actually aware. Execution of the decision generates improve performance in reading. The results late adolescents’ religious socializations effect of conscious awareness. showed that the integrated format improved read- O¨ zdikmenli Demir, Go¨ zde Psychology Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey ing comprehension. Learning was improved under Religiosity and marital adjustment the formats in which the English vocabulary was As an initial phase of a qualitative research, Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh Behavioral Sciences Research, presented with the Chinese notes than it was under religious socializations of Turkish University stu- Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic those with no notes. It was concluded that the dents were investigated. Fifty-one Muslim, middle- Republic of Iran Nabipoor Ashrafi, S. Mahdi integrated format and Chinese notes could be used class, undergraduate women were asked to write Behavioral Sciences Research C, Baqiyatallah Medical in a way to facilitate learning to read comprehen- down their childhood and adolescence experiences Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran sion. about their religious socializations with their This research intends to investigate the role of mothers, fathers, relatives, and peers. For each of religiosity in marital adjustment..660 couples from the agents, socialization types (e.g.,modelling, Tehran were studied. Information regarding religi- An experimental study on reciprocal teaching of instructions, narratives) were grouped and analized. seven-grade students’ reading comprehension osity and marital adjustment was collected using the It was found that mothers had a more significant Yao, Jingjing Psychology, Zhejiang Normal researcher’s prepared questionnaire, and ENRICH role in their daughters’ religious socializations University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China marital satisfaction scale. The results showed that compared to other agents. Among relatives grand- A mixed-design of three factoral experiment was couples who observe religious beliefs have higher parents had the most important role. Expanded adopted to assess the effects of reciprocal teaching rate of marital adjustment. Thus, there is a sample will be used (50 men) in continious part of on reading comprehension, comprehension mon- significant correlation between religiosity and mar- this research and gender differences on religious itoring and reading attitude of junior middle school ital adjustment. Regarding the relation between students. Results:(1) There were significant differ- socializations will be discussed. religiosity and the nine subscales of marital adjust- ences in questioning, summarizing, reading com- ment, Communication, Parenting and Religious prehension monitoring and reading attitude The concept of self in female psychiatric patients Orientation account for the highest rate and Sexual between experimental groups and routine group in and it’s implications for mental health Relationship accounts for the lowest rate. Thus, both expository and narrative passages. (2) There Abdul Wahab Khan, Rahmattullah Khan Psychology, with the increase in religiosity, marital adjustment were significant differences in reading comprehen- Int Islamic Univ Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia rate will increase and vice versa. It can be concluded sion of expository passages between experimental Khan, Umeed Ali Psychiatry, Int Islamic Univ that religiosity develops the grounds for marital Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 groups and routine group, but no differences in Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia Mat Zin, Nora commitment reading comprehension of narrative passages be- Psychiatry, Int Islamic Univ Malaysia, Kuantan, tween experimental groups and routine group Malaysia Ismail, Mohamed Psychiatry, Int Islamic The efficacy of school leadership teams in the except the group with reflection strategy. Univ Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia context of the Chilean system for the quality The concept of self has always been an important assurance of school management Adults’ visualization strategies as a tool for text theme in human sciences. We studied seven female Ahumada Figueroa, Luis Andres Dept. of Psychology, comprehension psychiatric patients in whom the theme of self was PUCV, Vin˜ a del Mar, Chile Montecinos Sanhueza, Koch, Babette Department of Education, Saarland significantly disturbed in their beliefs: that her Carmen Psychology, PUCV, Vin˜ a del Mar, Chile Sisto University, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Seufert, Tina physique being rudimentary at birth and subse- Campos, Vicente Psychology, PUCV, Vin˜ a del Mar, Department of Education, Saarland University, quently completed with contributions from several Chile Saarbru¨ cken, Germany Zander, Steffi Department of male friends; chronological age beginning from the Objectives: Understand how school leadership Psychology, University of Go¨ ttingen, Go¨ ttingen, onset of puberty; the very survival of patient teams manage their improvement efforts in the Germany Bru¨ nken, Roland Department of Education, absolutely dependent on the male friend and context of the System for the Quality Assurance of Saarland University, Saarbru¨ cken, Germany complete forgiveness of her husband’s infidelity School Management that is being introduced in Text comprehension can be improved by working for the sake of her own survival; and the clinging Chile’s municipals schools. Methods: A question- out global structures e.g. by constructing a picture. behavior to severely physically abusive boyfriends; naire designed to assess school leadership team’s In two experiments we analyzed adults spontaneous and the delusion of being married to a hundred men efficacy hypothesized to be related to the capacity picture construction for text comprehension: lear- and mothering several hundred children. to mange improvement was administered to a Wednesday 23rd July 2008 441

sample of 135 members of leadership teams from 53 children were more likely to categorize objects Madrid, Spain Ferna´ ndez Martı´nez, Teresa Psicologı´a, publicly-funded elementary and high schools. Re- according to their relationships (holistic style) while Residencia Villaverde-Alzheime, Madrid, Spain sults: Factorial analysis yielded four factors: Trust, gifted children more likely to categories objects Castellanos Vidal, Beatriz Psicologı´a, Residencia Competency, Team Learning, Team Inefficacy. according to their relationship (holistic) and simi- Villaverde-Alzheime, Madrid, Spain Tena Fontaneda, Conclusions: Factors are related with school larities(analytic and abstract style). There is no Angela Medicina, Residencia Villaverde-Alzheime, management in the areas of: Leadership, Curricu- significant difference between males and females in Madrid, Spain lum, Resources, Organizational Climate and Re- categorization style, however there is an interaction Objectives To analyse how anxiety influences the sults. between abstract style and creativity among gifted physical health of formal and informal caregivers. children> Methods: Those taking part are 100 formal and informal caregivers working or with members of HIV/AIDS in Africa: A paradigm shift in control their family in old peoples homes. The instruments methods The correlation between word familiarity and used were the ISRA (Miguel Tobal and Cano Aire, Justina E. Liberal Studies, St. George’s semantic word familiarity Vindel, 2002) to measure anxiety and a medical University, St George’s, Grenada Amano, Shigeaki Laboratories, NTT Communication evaluation to analyse physical health. Several The HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa paints a grim Science, Kyoto, Japan MANOVAS were performed to analyse differences picture. Sub-Saharan Africa is the epicentre where To reveal the relationship between word familiarity between various health variables Results: Care- 71% of the world’s infections reside. In 1989, almost and semantic word familiarity, their correlation was givers with the highest levels of anxiety are those two decades ago, WHO reported 150 people in calculated for 9449 Japanese multiple-meaning with the worst measurements of physical health. South Africa afflicted with AIDS and 2,400 known words using a word-familiarity database (Amano Conclusions: Psychological treatment in the case of to be infected with HIV. The numbers have & Kondo, 1999) and a semantic-word-familiarity caregivers to control their anxiety would improve continued to increase tremendously: year 2003, 40 database (Amano, & Kobayashi, in press). The their physical health. million; today, about 60 million. This rise, despite correlation coefficient was 0.571 between word years of seemingly aggressive control measures, is familiarity and the highest semantic word famil- this researcher’s concern. Discussed – Comparative iarity within each word, but it was 0.168 for the Co-construction of affect regulating cognitions: demography and harboured African culture. Sug- lowest semantic word familiarity. This significant The role of mother’s attachment security gested - A paradigm shift towards Cognitive difference indicates that word familiarity has a Apetroaia, Adela Psychology, SUNY Stony Brook, restructuring; debriefing faulty assumptions and strong relationship to the most familiar word Stony Brook, USA Waters, Harriet Psychology, SUNY filling the ‘‘void’’ with appropriate creative materi- meaning but not to the least familiar word meaning. Stony Brook, Stony Brook, USA als. The co-construction hypothesis (Oppenheim & Decision making: When and to whom more Waters, 1995) suggests that secure mothers are Decision making processes for choosing package information is harmful better at helping their children elaborate affective holidays to manage anticipated regrets and their Amit, Adi Jerusalem, Israel Levontin, Sagiv, Lilach scripts. To test this hypothesis, 33 mothers and their resulting experience School of Business Administrat, The Hebrew 4-5 year old children discussed children’s hypothe- Akiyama, Manabu Dept. of Psychology, Kobe Gakuin University, Jerusalem, Israel Caprara, Vauclair, tical reactions to six scenarios about positive or University, Kobe, Japan Gebauer, negative everyday events, some involving the A survey for information requesters to travel People make decisions more easily and confidently mother, some not. These conversations were scored argents in Japan was conducted to study how choosing from few (rather than many) alternative on three dimensions of co-construction: focusing on decision-making processes to chose overseas pack- (Iyengar & Lepper, 2002). Two 2*2 studies exam- affective content, prompting continued elaboration, age holidays were linked with anticipated regrets ined the effect of few/many attributes and few/many and supporting an explanatory framework. before participating in those tours and with their alternatives on choice overload. Findings indicate Mothers’ co-construction skills were correlated with resulting experience of those chosen tours after that in choosing complex products, it is attributes both the Attachment Script Assessment and the finishing them. Participants completed and sent rather than alternatives that cause overload. In coherence scores of the Adult Attachment Inter- questionnaires back before their departure of Study 1, participants (N=84) experienced more view, showing that secure mothers promoted better purchased package holidays and after their return. overload when choosing a digital-camera described co-construction partnerships. The result showed that plentiful experience of by 9 (vs. 3) attributes, regardless of the number of overseas tours easily made the chosen package alternatives. Study 2 (N=116, studying cell-phones) Exploratory study of a possible intergenerational holiday dominant over all the other ones, and that examined the moderating effect of Need for influence. these experiences decreased anticipated regrets of Cognitive-Closure. The attributes overload effect Aponte, Sandra CCIF,Inc., Guaynabo, Puerto Rico the package holiday. was replicated – yet only among those high on Altieri, Gladys Psy. D. Program, Carlos Albizu NFCC. University, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico Rosabal-Silva, Ada Microadaptivity in complex learning situations: Clinical Psychology, Centro de Crecimiento Gaviota, Integrating competence structures and problem The costs and benefits of working memory Guaynabo, Puerto Rico spaces capacity on distraction and mental flexibility The objective was to compile information to Albert, Dietrich Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t Graz, Andres, Pilar School of Psychology, University of support a possible intergenerational influence. The Graz, Austria Hockemeyer, Cord Department of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom Packwood, sample was eighteen grandparents of nine male Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria Sonia School of Psychology, Universite Laval, prison inmates, who were examined with MMSE Kickmeier-Rust, Michael D. Department of Quebec, Canada Parmentier, Fabrice School of and then interviewed. Through use of genograms, Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, results were organized and analyzed on a quantita- Adaptive (or personalised) systems have been a hot United Kingdom Barcelo, Francisco School of tive and qualitative basis. Quantitative results topic in e-Learning since a number of years. Such Psychology, Universitat Illes Balears, Palma de suggested that in families that existed physical or systems select learning objects or modify them Mallorca, Spain sexual abuse increased the probability of illness before presentation according to the individual The aim of this study was to investigate the related to nervous central system in members of learner’s needs and capabilities. In complex learning hypothesis that the effect of WM capacity on different generations. Qualitative results indicated a situations like simulations or learning games, distraction would depend on the status (i. e., consistent pattern of actions with multiplying Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 however, we need adaptivity to the learner within relevant or irrelevant) of the extraneous informa- effects among their family tree. One characteristic the situation: microadaptivity. We present an tion getting access to it. We tested this hypothesis of those families was the low incidence of Christian approach integrating competence structures from by comparing low and high WM capacity partici- religious practices. knowledge space theory and problem spaces from pants on a Stroop task combining the classical the information-processing theory of human pro- interference condition with a switching condition. Theories relating to factual findings by Japanese blem solving. The resulting system interprets each The results showed that participants with low WM lay people action of the learner with respect to his/her capacity showed a greater switch cost and a smaller Arakawa, Ayumu Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan competence state and intervenes adaptively, e.g. Stroop interference effect than participants with In 2009, Saibanin seido (the mixed jury system) will by hinting, whenever appropriate. high WM. These results are important to under- commence. An understanding of the processes used stand the relationship between WM, attention and by lay juries will help professional judges, prosecu- distraction. Categorization styles among Sudanese gifted tors, and defense attorneys to prepare deliberations and normal children or present evidence. We investigated how lay people Ali, Abrahem Islamia Unyversit, Khartoum, Sudan Anxiety in formal and informal caregivers consider factual findings using the ‘‘Saibanin This study investigates the categorization styles Aparicio, Marta Diferencial y Trabajo, Universidad game’’. In this game, participants discuss evidence among gifted (N=200) and normal children Complutense, Madrid, Spain Sa´ nchez-Lo´ pez, Pilar in a manner similar to the fact-finding process (N=200) both males (50%) and females (50%) in Diferencial y Trabajo, Universidad Complutense, undertaken in a real deliberation. The results primary education in Sudan by using chiu (1972) Madrid, Spain Dı´az Morales, Juan Francisco showed that lay people use specific lay theories categorization task. The study shows the normal Diferencial y Trabajo, Universidad Complutense, for decision-making. For example, lay people 442 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

consider an accused’s irrational behavior in a a high level of information distribution to prevent a The role of religious orientation on child rearing prosecutor’s claim as exculpatory. difficulty of communication between parents and styles children and exacerbation of interrelations, aggres- Bahrami Ehsan, Hadi Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Experimental induction of emotional states sive behavior, and verbal insult. Of importance is Pournaghash Tehrani, Saed Psychology and through music combination of knowledge of family member about Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Arriaga Ferreira, Patrı´cia Dept. of Psychology, each other with their mutual interest based on Republic of Iran Gholami Galise, Somaye Psychology Universidade de Lusofona, Lisboa, Portugal Franco, empathy, support, maximal benevolence, and deli- and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Ana Psychology, UNIVERSIDADE LUSO´ FONA, Lisboa, cacy. Republic of Iran Portugal Campos, Patrı´cia Psychology, To determine the role of religious orientation in UNIVERSIDADE LUSO´ FONA, Lisboa, Portugal Self-esteem and health-compromising behaviors child rearing styles 180 couples, using a random Baptista, Ame´rico Psychology, UNIVERSIDADE among university students clustering sample design, were chosen and were LUSO´ FONA, Lisboa, Portugal The present study was conducted to validate Bu¨yu¨ kgo¨ ze Kavas, Aysenur Dept. Educational administered a revised form of Islamic religious musical stimuli for the induction of specific emo- Sciences, Middle East Technical Univ., Ankara, Turkey orientation scale (Bahrami-Ehsan, 2001) and child tional states (sadness, happiness, fear, anger, and The present study aims to investigate (a) the rearing styles questionnaire pertinent to religious neutral). The design was a 10 X 2 mixed factorial relationships between self-esteem and health-com- orientation and child rearing style. Using descrip- with musical stimuli as a within-subjects factor and promising behaviors related to use of cigarette, tive statistics and discriminate analysis, correlation gender as the between-subjects. Fifty students (29 alcohol and drug and (b) the gender differences on and regression analysis, our results showed that female and 21 male; 19-30 years) rated their self-esteem and health compromising behaviors parents with higher religious tendencies resorted to emotions (discrete items to evaluate specific emo- among a group of university students (124 males, authoritative style of child rearing whereas couples tions and the self-assessment manikin scales to 119 females) using a cross-sectional survey design. with lower religious tendency adopted authoritarian measure emotional dimensions) immediately after Participants completed Rosenberg Self-Esteem and permissive child rearing style. These results indicated that religious orientation has a significant each of the selected musical clips. The stimuli were Scale and a self-report questionnaire. The findings effect on the child rearing style. counterbalanced across participants. The results of the study revealed that self-esteem was negatively showed that stimuli used to induce fear, happiness, associated with alcohol and illicit drug use. In sadness, and neutral states were successful for both addition, cigarette and drug usage were more Psychometric properties and construct validity of genders, suggesting that these musical clips may be prevalent among males than females. However, the Parents Preference Test (PPT2) in the Italian useful for experimental studies. results did not support any gender difference on the context self-esteem scale. Baiocco, Roberto Faculty of Psychology 1, Universita Bimanual coordination in predicting one’s own di Roma, Rome, Italy Westh, Finn Danish University of movements in motor control Education, Family Research Centre, Copenhagen, Specifics effects of attachment to father on 3-to- Asai, Tomohisa The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Denmark Laghi, Fiorenzo Clinical Psychology, Faculty 5-year-old children’s adjustment to school Japan Tanno, Yoshihiko Department of Cognitive and of Psychology 1, Rome, Italy Rosenberg Hansen, Bacro, Fabien Nantes, France Florin, Agna`s Be, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Carsten Clinical Psychology, Danish University of Psychology, Universite´ de Nantes, Nantes, France Previous studies have suggested that the left and Education, Copenhagen NV, Denmark Ferrer, The purpose of this study is to know, in con- right hands have different internal models for Christian A. Clinical Psychology, Family Research motor control. We examined motor movement cordance with studies on fathers’role in child Centre, Copenhagen O, Denmark d’Alessio, Maria accuracy, reaction time, and movement time in development, if attachment to father has specific Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology 1, Rome, right-handed subjects during a three-dimensional effects on 3-to5-year-old children’s adjustment to Italy motor control task. In the no-visual-feedback school. Attachment quality to mother and to father Objectives. The principal aim of the study was to condition, right-hand movement had lower accu- was evaluated with a french adaptation of the examine the psychometric properties and construct racy and shorter reaction time than did left-hand Attachment Story Completion Task (Bretherton et validity of the PPT in the Italian context. The movement, whereas bimanual movement had the al., 1990) and school adjustment with a teacher instrument is a picture-based multiple-choice test longest reaction time, but the best accuracy. This questionnaire (Florin et al., 2002). Results of with images of parent-child interactions from suggests that the two hands have different internal multiple regression analyses show that if children’s everyday family activities and it measures the models. Thus, during bimanual movements, both adjustment to scholastic rythm and activities is following dimensions: Energy, Focus of Attention, Experiential Modality and Regulation Style. Sub- models might be used, creating better planning, but simultaneously linked with attachment to mother jects. The sample was composed of 100 Italian requiring more computation time. and to father, some aspects of school adjustment families with children between 5 and 12 years old. are specifically linked with attachment to mother Results. PPT showed a good reliability and a Managerial values in Turkey and to father. convergent validity with different measures of Askun, Duysal Degisim Egitim Danismanlik, Istanbul, family functioning. Results encourage the use of Turkey Guneser, Begum Istanbul, Turkey Askun The role of parents‘ religious orientation in the this instrument in studies concerned with the Yildirim, Bige Management & Organization, Marmara formation of their children’s religious orientation family. University, Istanbul, Turkey Bahrami Ehsan, Hadi Psychology and Education, The objective of this study was to explore the effects University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran of certain organizational variables on the manage- Psychological counseling and health complaints Pournaghash-Tehrani, Said Psychology and rial values in Turkey. 1023 managers from 7 Balaceanu, Gheorghe Occupational medicine, Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Turkish regions participated in the study and filled Institute of Public Health, Lasi, Romania Republic of Iran Rezazadeh, Reza Psychology and out the questionnaires. Findings were analyzed Objectives. The influence of psychological counsel- Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic using regression and ANOVA analyses. A total of ing on frequency decrease of health complaints. Republic of Iran Bahrami Ehsan, zainab Psychology three managerial value factors emerged and it was Methods. 151 employees were asked about the and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic found that organizational tenure had a positive frequently felt health complaints, before and after Republic of Iran effect on holding proper work values, the number receiving counselings concerning both theirs psy- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 In order to determine the relationship between of subordinates a manager is responsible of had a chological (temperamental, motivational and of negative effect on holding the proper work values, parental religious orientation and their children’s, a stress resistance) and psychosocial peculiarities, and a positive effect on holding the improper work group of 40 people including father, mother and and significant relationships with health com- values. Educational level of a manager showed a children was selected. A questionnaire designed by plaints. Results. The comparison of frequency from difference in holding proper or improper work Bahrami Ehsan(2006) to specifically determine the start with those observed after 5 years, put in values. Islamic religious orientation was administered to evidence a significant diminishion in frequency for a the subjects. The results of the present study showed great number of health complaints. Conclusions. that there was a relationship between parent’s The psychological counseling concerning the influ- Agressive behavior of children as reflection of religious orientation and their children’s though ence of psychosocial risk factors and psychological problem relations on family such relationship included different results and peculiarities, can contribute to a significant dimin- Avdeyenok, Lina Borderline States Department, ishion in frequency of individual health complaints. Mental Health Research Institu, Tomsk, Russia aspects. Specifically, our results revealed that there Some families seek for help regarding aggressive was no significant relationship between parent’s behavior in their children. Negative interpersonal and their children’s religiosity; however, there was a Inhibition of return: A "depth-blind" mechanism? relations occur when parents too narrowly imagine significant negative relationship between parent’s Barbato, Mariapaola Dipartimento di Psicologia, fulfillment of parental functions: to clothe, to feed, religiosity and children’s subscale of disorganized Sapienza Universita` t, Roma, Italy Casagrande, Maria and to control the child, to punish for deeds. religiosity. Also, the subscale of parent’s religiosity Dipartimento di Psicologia, Roma, Italy Mereu, Condition required for establishment of firm was negatively correlated with the level of hedonism Stefania Dipartimento di Psicologia, "Sapienza" spiritual contacts between parents and children is in children. Universita` , Roma, Italy Martella, Diana Dipartimento Wednesday 23rd July 2008 443

di Psicologia, "Sapienza" Universita` , Roma, Italy ing leaders or lower importance and disapproving couples. Many instructions were collected from Marotta, Andrea Dipartimento di Psicologia, them. Islamic sources which to be related to criteria of "Sapienza" Universita` , Roma, Italy healthy family, satisfactory relationship and beha- Four experiments investigated the Inhibition Of vior. There are many comments from prophet Development of objective conscientiousness Mohammad (S) and his followers about these Return (IOR), in the three-dimensional and in the tasks for student selection two-dimensional space. The first two experiments criteria. The techniques of intervention were ex- Bath, Anja Inst. fu¨ r Sozialwissenschaften, Helmut- tracted from the comments. 24 married couples as compared detection and discrimination tasks in Schmidt-Universita¨ t, Hamburg, Germany Lange, volunteers were involved in this experimental eliciting IOR effects in a three-dimensional empty Sebastian Social Science, Helmut-Schmidt- research. They were divided randomly into two – space. Two other experiments assessed the IOR University, Hamburg, Germany Kluwe, Rainer H. experimental and control groups. Using Enrich effects in a scene that included two sets of objects Social Science, Helmut-Schmidt-University, marital satisfaction scales in pretest and posttest (parallelepipeds extending in depth and parallelepi- Hamburg, Germany Beauducel, Andre´ Social Science, stages, the subjects were trained by the techniques. peds located at different depths, extending in the Helmut-Schmidt-University, Hamburg, Germany The results showed that the use of Islamic instruc- horizontal plane). In each experiment we compared Results of a study requirement analysis at the tions to be able to improve their marital relations the IOR effects in 2D (both with and without depth University of the Federal Armed Forces showed and to increase the marital satisfaction. clues) and stereoscopic 3D conditions. Results that behavior based conscientiousness is an im- showed IOR in 3D space, confirming that it is not portant predictor of success. New objective paper- a depth-blind mechanism. pencil-tasks, which measure the degree of systema- Change blindness and mnesic processes tic conscientious work behavior, were developed. A Berberian, Bruno Psychology, SRSC (ULB), Bruxelles, Identity in contemporary scenario and its sample of 158 students aged between 20 and 30 Belgium interaction with art years was examined. First analyses yield significant Empirical studies have proven our inability to correlations up to r = -.24 between task perfor- Barbosa, Cristina Monteiro Dept. de Psicometria, detect change under a variety of conditions. mance and intermediate exam. The corresponding UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil However, this change blindness does not seem to structural equation model fitted well. Further Objectives: Identify the different forms of art, bias the behavioural adaptations since these adap- results of task development, standardization, and aspects of the human soul that are inscribed in tations may occur in the absence of conscious validation are presented. our culture to express subjectivity. Method: To awareness. This unconscious change detection also study each historical time with signs in order to seems to be present in recall tasks (Berberian & produce art. Results: Art is a cultural heritage Drivers’ risk assessment under critical driving Giraudo, in preparation). In this context, we which is constituted by its unique production in the conditions propose to investigate the relation between infor- creative act. Restrictive forces imposed to the social Bellet, Thierry LESCOT, INRETS, Bron, France Banet, mation structuration in memory and conscious norm characterize different ages Conslusions:. Aure´lie LESCOT, INRETS, Bron, France Bonnard, experience of perceptual change by using a gradual flicker paradigm where subjects were asked to Traditions are at the heart of questionings and Arnaud LESCOT, INRETS, Bron, France Deleurence, memorize and reproduce stimuli which present transgressions carried out by radical movements Philippe LESCOT, INRETS, Bron, France Goupil, gradual change. Results and discussion are in towards a new order in the modern period. Ce´ line LESCOT, INRETS, Bron, France preparation. Subversive styles of contemporary art point to the This research aims at studying drivers’ risk assess- search for an identity in modern times ment cognitive processes. The method consists in combining naturalistic observations while driving, Effective management by objectives at team with laboratory experiments. Indeed, a set of leader level in different European countries: The The impact of a mindfulness training program on critical situations was collected and filmed during relation between motivational requirements and managers’ stages of consciousness and naturalistic observations. Then, laboratory experi- management related requirements leadership behaviors ments were carried out by using these video Berger, Rita Cerdanyola, Spain Gidion, Gerd Institut f. Baron, Charles Management, Laval University, sequences, and new groups of drivers had to assess Berufspa¨ dagogik, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Quebec City, Canada Cayer, Mario Management, their criticality level (from 0 to 100). The presenta- Germany Font, Antoni Basic Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada tion will be focused on Laboratory experiment Autonomous University Barcelon, Bellaterra, Spain This study examined the impact of a mindfulness results: 10 car drivers and 10 motorcyclists partici- Objectives: Compare the relationship between training program on managers’ stages of conscious- pated to this experiment, and significant differences requirements for Management by Objectives ness and leadership behaviors. The stage of have been observed between the 2 groups, concern- (MbO) (leadership style, autonomy) and motiva- consciousness (Rooke & Torbert, 2005) of 25 ing risk awareness and the criticality assessment of tional requirements (specific, moderate goals, parti- managers was evaluated at the beginning and end driving situations. cipation, feedback) of team leaders in different of a one-year program. A multi-source feedback countries. Method: Hypothesis: Relationship be- questionnaire (Cacioppe & Albrecht, 2000) filled Scaffolding metacognitive processes in a tween MbO and motivational requirements in the out by eight collaborating observers served to research environment for web based resources to countries. Self-established goals will facilitate mo- evaluate behavioral changes. Compared to the improve learning quality tivation. 181 team leaders of Germany, United wait-list control group, the experimental group Benz, Bastian Frithjof Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Techn. Kingdom, Italy and Spain participated in the study. experienced a greater increase in their stage of Universita¨ t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany The employees valued, using questionnaires, the consciousness (toward the postconventional level) This study investigated the effects of integrating MbO of their superior. Results: Relationship and their collaborating observers reported a greater scaffolds, which aimed at fostering metacognitive between requirements for MbO and motivational increase in their visioning, directing and brokering processes, in a computer-based research environ- requirements was observed in all participating behaviors. ment. It was hypothized that scaffolding goal countries. Conclusion: In some countries increased setting, planning, monitoring, (process-)regulation, the participation of group members in goal setting Homogeneity and trends of subordinates’ reflection and modification would enhance the when their autonomy level increased. Goal achieve- perceptions for leadership in work groups under quality of the learning outcome. A closed hypertext ment was perceived as easier. different team members employment conditions environment was searched on a historical period by 24 knowledge workers for about 30 minutes. The Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Barrasa, Angel Dept. of Social Psychology, Autonoma Reliability and validity of the Italian version of the Univer. of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Blanch, Josep experimental group was supported by metacogni- Anxiety Sensitivity Index tive scaffolds. Acquired cognitive models and M. Dept. of Social Psychology, Autonoma Univer. of Bernini, Olivia Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, persisted resources were examined. As hypothized Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Hernandez-Garcia, Laura Italy Pennato, Tiziana Psychiatry, University of Pisa, the experimental group outperformed the control Dept. of Social Psychology, Autonoma Univer. of Pisa, Italy Berrocal, Carmen Psychiatry, University of group. Additionally log files, questionnaires and Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Pisa, Pisa, Italy Guazzelli, Mario Psychiatry, University interviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of This study tested subordinates perceptions of their of Pisa, Pisa, Italy single scaffolds. team leaders at group level. Different types of Objective: to study the psychometric properties of teamwork specific data (N= 239 teams, 1099 the adaptation into Italian of the Anxiety Sensitiv- individuals) were analyzed testing intragroup lea- The effect of teaching of Islamic instructions on ity Index (ASI; Peterson and Reiss, 1987). Methods: dership perceptions homogeneity by rwg(J), ICC(2), marital satisfaction of couples participants included 177 undergraduate students and ADM(J). Results provided evidence of aggre- Berah, Zahra counselling, university of social welfare, and non-student adults. In addition to the ASI, gate data inside work groups supporting similar Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Bahrami, Fazel subjects were requested to fill up questionnaires trends of leadership perceptions for team members counselling, university of social welfare, Tehran, measuring constructs conceptually related with the with similar employment conditions. Conclusions Islamic Republic of Iran Younesi, Jalal clinical scale. Statistical analyses for testing the factorial indicate that underlying conditions like temporality Psychology, university of social welfare, Tehran, validity, internal consistency, and concurrent valid- or job insecurity are mediating the team members’ Islamic Republic of Iran ity of the questionnaire were carried out. Results: leadership perceptions creating extreme views: This study was carried out based on Islamic the ASI is a reliable and valid assessment tool for higher signification for leadership tasks and idealiz- approach for improvement of the relationships of measuring Anxiety Sensitivity. Conclusion: the 444 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Italian ASI is a valid instrument for measuring The third sector in Brazil: Struggles and AD patients shows metacognitive impairments. The Anxiety Sensitivity in population-based studies with progresses of program evaluation methods results support the assumption that anosognosia is Italian samples. Berthoud, Cristiana Psychology, University of not an unitary concept. Taubate, Tremembe - SP, Brazil The Third Sector has been playing an important Relationship between leadership style and Visual field does not impact the influence of role in Latin America in general and particularly in perception on action attitude toward working groups Brazil by developing programs designed to easy the Binsted, Gordon Health and Social Development, Berrios Martos, Pilar Dept. of Social Psychology, profound social problems related to poverty and University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada Universidad de Jae´ n, Jae´ n, Spain Lopez Zafra, Esther urban violence. As the organizations evolve, the Heath, Matthew School of Kinesiology, University of Dept. of Social Psychology, Universidad de Jae´n, need for showing results and impacts promoted by Western Ontario, London, Canada Jae´ n, Spain Aguilar Luzo´ n, Marı´a del Carmen Social the social interventions has grown as well. Psychol- Psychology, Universidad de Jae´n, Jae´ n, Spain Recent examinations have demonstrated a move- ogy can be of great help by developing research ment execution advantage in the lower visual field Augusto, Jose Maria Social Psychology, Universidad evaluation capable of measuring personal changes de Jae´ n, Jae´ n, Spain (LVF) consistent with a preferential field associa- and group empowerment. The author will present tion to dorsal extra-striate cortex. Two experiments We wanted to analyze the possible relationship the results of several evaluations conducted in slums between Leadership Style and Attitude towards examined the corollary prediction that LVF should of two major cities in Brazil and will discuss the use show reduced susceptibility to context effects and working groups. Our sample was compound by 129 of quantitative and qualitative methods. be less able to access memorial representations of individuals (29 men and 100 women), with ages the visual environment. Reaching movements were from 19 to 43 an˜os. Our results show that Discounting of sequences: Form of the process made after 1-10s delays and to illusory contexts. individuals with a transformational leadership style Bialaszek, Wojciech Dept. of Psychology, University While a LVF advantage was observed (movement have a positive attitude towards working in groups, of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland time, error), action was equally influenced by whereas laisse-faire style individuals have a negative The experiment extends traditional research on illusory context and memorial delay across fields. attitude towards working in groups. temporal discounting of single rewards to sequences These results suggest that field associated perfor- of rewards. Four models of time discounting were mance effects, while present, are not underpinned by a preferential dorsal/ventral stream involvement. Australian children’s learning competence at age tested by fitting them with nonlinear regression to 4: The nature and impact of parent involvement the sets of indifference points. Analysis of group in children’s education behavior demonstrated that certain models describe HIV Risk Behavior among vocational school data differently according to delay between re- Berthelsen, Donna Centre of Learning Innovation, Qld students in St-Petersburg, Russia University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Walker, wards. At group level when the delays between Bogolyubova, Olga St. Petersburg, Russia rewards are relatively short or very large hyperbolic Susan Centre of Learning Innovation, Qld University The purpose of this study was to investigate HIV of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Dunbar, Stephanie models fitted the data better than exponential, but risk behaviors of youths attending vocational Centre of Learning Innovation, Qld University of at individual level this result is only significant in schools in St-Petersburg. The sample consisted of Technology, Brisbane, Australia case of longest delay. Moreover there are no 310 men and women aged 18 – 25, part of the This study investigated the relationship between differences when delays between rewards are participants were raised in orphanages. Data relatively intermediate. parental involvement and child outcomes in the analyses included frequencies, t tests, chi-squares early years of school. The analyses use data from and correlation analyses. Results: only 31.2% The Longitudinal Study of Australian children Cognitive load decreases distractor interference youths reported consistent condom use and 12.9% reported intravenous drug use. Significant correla- (LSAC). The analyses use data for 4464 children in the Simon task tions were found between various types of risk in the Kindergarten Cohort. The mean age of the Biebl, Rupert Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie I, Universita¨t behavior. Certain differences in risk behavior were children was 6.8 years. Regression analyses, find- Nu¨ rnberg-Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Wu¨ hr, Peter Psychologie und Sport, Institut fu¨ r Psychologie I, found between participants from orphanages vs ings support the hypothesized linkages between family background. Further research is necessary to parent engagement and more positive child out- Erlangen, Germany The load theory of selective attention and cognitive assess HIV risks among young Russians from comes. Outcomes were moderated by family demo- control claims that cognitive load increases the socially vulnerable groups. graphic factors, including mothers’ education. impact of irrelevant stimulation on performance. Implications of the findings focuses on how schools We investigated the impact of cognitive load on the Distributed leadership and team performance in a can support involvement, in particular, the extent to Simon effect, which denotes faster responses to business strategy simulation which such efforts successfully engage less involved spatially corresponding than to noncorresponding Boies, Kathleen John Molson Sch. of Business, parents stimuli, even when stimulus position is irrelevant. Concordia University, Montreal, Canada Lvina, Elena The results from two experiments showed that John Molson Sch. of Business, Concordia University, increasing cognitive load (i.e. letters) decreases the Using music therapy in an intervention to Montreal, Canada Martens, Martin L. John Molson Simon effect, contrary to the predictions of the load enhance parent-child interaction and the social- Sch. of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, theory. The results suggest that the effects of emotional functioning of young children Canada cognitive load on performance depend upon This study aimed to examine the relations between Berthelsen, Donna Centre of Learning Innovation, Qld whether the participants select between features of distributed leadership in teams, team processes, and University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia the same object or between different objects. performance. Forty-nine student teams participat- Nicholson, Jan Royal Children’s Hospital, Murdoch ing in a business simulation game rated their team Childrens Research Ins, Melbourne, Australia Abad, potency, trust, and team leadership styles. Team Vicky Sing and Grow Project, Playgroup Queensland, A metacognitive approach to assess anosognosia potency and trust were positively related to team Brisbane, Australia Williams, Kate Sing and Grow in Alzheimer type dementia transformational leadership and negatively related Project, Playgroup Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Billiet, Caroline Lille, France Antoine, Pascal URECA - to passive avoidant leadership, but only the latter Hart, Carolyn Sing and Grow Project, Playgroup e´ quipe FASE, Universite´ Lille 3, Villeneuve d’Ascq was significantly negatively related to performance Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Bradley, Julie Centre Cedex, France Nandrino, Jean-Louis URECA - e´ quipe in the business simulation game. These results Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 of Learning Innovation, Qld University of Technology, Fase, Universite´ Lille 3, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, suggest that teams might not always benefit from Brisbane, Australia Dunbar, Stephanie Centre of France Cousin, Ce´ line URECA - e´ quipe FASE, transformational leadership qualities, but that Learning Innovation, Qld University of Technology, Universite´ Lille 3, VILLENEUVE D’ASCQ Cedex, France ‘‘negative’’ leadership styles might be detrimental Brisbane, Australia Roger, Caroline URECA - e´ quipe FASE, Universite´ Lille to performance and to the trust and confidence in This research analyses the impact of a music 3, VILLENEUVE D’ASCQ, France Szafraniec, Claire the team. therapy program on parents’ interactional beha- URECA - e´ quipe FASE, Universite´ Lille 3, Villeneuve viours. The program is a short-term group parent- d’Ascq Cedex, France ing intervention (10 weeks) to support marginalized Objectives: To explore unawareness of cognitive Effect of GPS sounds on driver’s attention (Part 2) parents and their children aged 0-3 years. Analyses deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by using an Boujon, Christophe Dept. of Psychology, University of are presented for 560 parental participants. Sig- experimental metacognition paradigm. Methods: 48 Angers, Angers, France Guilleme´, Julien psychology, patients with AD and 21 control participants were University of Angers, Angers, France nificant improvements were observed from pre to asked to predict their own performance at the We formalized attentional model FIDI including post evaluation in parental sensitivity, engagement Dementia Rating Scale (DRS). For each sub-score, four mental states of drivers: Focalisation, Inhibi- with the child, and acceptance of the child. These the discrepancy between their subjective ratings and tion, Distraction and Inattention (Boujon, Lemer- effects are attributed to the engaging nature of the the effective test performance was considered. cier, Quaireau, 2007). We suppose that distraction music intervention and the increased confidence Results: Patients with AD over-estimate their effect is less important when sounds are synchro- that parents gained through regular participation. performance in all dimensions of the DRS. How- nous with visual cue rather than visual target, The study provides preliminary evidence for the ever, they show different levels of anosognosia especially in the ipsilateral localization. Distraction value of music therapy as a parenting intervention. according to the cognitive function. Conclusions: was manipulated by lateralized presentation of Wednesday 23rd July 2008 445

realistic sounds extracting from interior of vehicle Effects of time pressure and motivation on the Elementary development of perfectionism scale (GPS vocal commands) while 30 subjects realized a use of the priority heuristic for Chinese college student visual cueing task, the Attention Network Test Cu¨ pper, Lutz Inst. Experiment. Psychologie, Cao, Guanghai Faculty of Education, Jining (Fan, Bruce, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz & Posner, Universita¨ t Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Undorf, University, Jining, People’s Republic of China Li, 2002). Anova’s analysis confirms our hypothesis. Monika Experimental Psychology, University of Jianwei Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany University, Qufu, People’s Republic of China These experimental results are particularly fruitful Brandsta¨tter, Gigerenzer, and Hertwig (2006) pro- By analyzing and sorting answers to the open when drivers utilize GPS. posed the priority heuristic to account for violations questionnaire, the scale including 66 items were of expected utility theory. However, evidence that compiled. Then exploratory and confirmatory Effect of road traffic sounds on driver’s attention people use the priority heuristic for their decisions is factor analysis was applied to the data. The Scale (Part 1) rare. In our experiment, participants chose repeat- consisted of 42 items, six subscales: Perfect Ex- Boujon, Christophe Dept. of Psychology, University of edly between pairs of lotteries that differed in their pectation, Personal Standards, Concerns with Mis- Angers, Angers, France Fuch, Julien psychology, expected value. The priority heuristic predicted takes, Organization, Introspection, Parents9 University of Angers, Angers, France Gaillard, Pascal choice behavior more accurately than expected Expectation and Control. The six factors explain Linguistic, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France value. Additionally, time pressure increased the 55.71? of the variance with loading between We formalized model FIDI including four mental number of choices in favor of the priority heuristic. 0.49,0.85,and had internal consistencies with High motivation decreased the number of optimal split-half reliabilities 0.77,0.86,Cronbach’s alphas attentional states of driver: Focalisation, Inhibition, choices. Although the first findings lend support to 0.78,0.92, and test-retest reliabilities of Distraction and Inattention (Boujon, Lemercier, the priority heuristic, the last one needs further 0.77,0.91?p,0.01?. The Scale for Chinese Students Quaireau, 2007). We suppose that distraction effect clarification. has satisfying validities and reliabilities. is more important when sounds are synchronous with visual targets rather than cues, especially in the Youth gang: COoncept of masculinity and their A development research about the influence of orienting condition. Distraction was manipulated vulnerability to HIV and Aids endogenous and exogenous attention on number by binaural presentation of realistic sounds extract- Cabanela, Noriel Peer Education Dept., PRRM, processing ing from road traffic (fireman’s truck siren, bicycle’s Quezon City, Philippines Acaba, Jefrry Peer Education Cao, Xiaohua Dept. of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal bell,etc.) while 26 subjects realized a visual cueing Dept., PRRM, Quezon City, Philippines University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China task, the Attention Network Test (Fan, Bruce, Youth gangs in the philippines have a critically high The study was conducted to investigate the stages McCandliss, Sommer, Raz & Posner, 2002). Ano- regard towards ‘‘pagkalalaki’’ or masculinity. The and the distance effect of number processing with va’s analysis confirms longer reaction times in this Study It aims to identify the knowledge, attitudes, equipment of EYELINK II. Participants were condition. These experimental results will be and behaviors, and practices among youth male children and adults in China. The findings were as gang members with regards to masculinity, gender, follows: Perceptual representation stage on number replicated in car driving simulation. sex, and STIs including HIV and AIDS. Specifi- processing was significant influenced by the exo- cally, this study aims to know and recognize the genous cue validity rather the endogenous cue A psychometric evaluation of a measure of perceptions of young male gang members toward validity; Both of two attention condition, the different prayer types among Irish adults masculinity; identify attitudes and behaviors among influence of subjects type on perceptual representa- Breslin, Michael J. School of Psychology, University gang members which directly expose them to tion stage was significantly different; The ability of of Ulster at Magee, Londonderry, United Kingdom vulnerability and risk of acquiring STI, HIV and reaction execution on number processing had no Lewis, Christopher Alan School of Psychology, AIDS; This study was employs a multi-stage significant difference between the 9 years old University of Ulster at Magee, Londonderry, United sampling. children and the adults; The distance effect was Kingdom Shevlin, Mark School of Psychology, occurred in perceptual representation stage, and University of Ulster at Magee, Londonderry, United was independent of the motor execution stage. Age-of-Acquisition norms for a large set of Kingdom Portuguese nouns and their relation with other Objectives: Recently there has been an increased psycholinguistic variables Are technological tools efficient for training and interest in the use of prayer within empirical Cameira˜ o, Manuela Speech Laboratory, FPCEUP - UP, update on domestic violence? research. This study provided a factor analytical Porto, Portugal Vicente, Selene Speech Lab, FPCEUP - Cardenas Lopez, Georgina Dept. of Psychology, evaluation of the Measure of Prayer Type (Poloma UP, Porto, Portugal UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico Berra, Enrique & Pendleton, 1991), which measures four different We collected Age-of-Acquisition estimates for a set Psychology, UNAM, Mexico city, Mexico Ramirez, types of prayer. Methods: A sample of 518 Irish of 916 frequent Portuguese nouns that vary in Ana Paola Psychology, UNAM, Mexico city, Mexico respondents completed the Measure of Prayer orthographic length (1 to 5 ortographic syllables). Torres, Carolina Psychology, UNAM, Mexico city, Type. Results: Three alternative confirmatory The words were divided in 11 different paper Mexico Labrador, Francisco Psychology, Univ questionnaires, using a nine-point scale as first Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Mexico factor analytic models were specified and tested. proposed by Carrol and White (1973). A total of Due to the increasing levels of domestic violence in The correlated four-factor model suggested by 491 under-graduate students participated in this Mexico, the need of personnel for intervention and Poloma and Pendleton (1991) was found to be an study (Mean Age = 20,47; SD= 2,98). Correlations prevention of this problem, and the increasing use acceptable description of the data, and better than between AOA and other psycholinguistic variables of computer-based teaching modes for professional the single-factor model and second-order model. were analyzed. The results show that words learnt competencies formation, several tutorials have been Conclusions: Implications of the results were earlier in life tend to be shorter in phonological and developed to support the teaching of design and discussed. orthographic length. They are also more frequent application of intervention programs for domestic and have more dense phonological and ortho- violence. The presented results were obtained from graphic neighbourhoods. students trained by VR and face-to-face training, The influence of social support in parental from three tutorials that incorporate hypertext, practices in psychosocial risk contexts virtual simulation and digital video for professional Child Sexual Abuse characteristics, attributions Byrne, Sonia Psicologı´a Evol. y Educ., University of La competencies teaching focused on diagnosis and

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 of responsibility and disclosure Laguna, La Laguna, Spain Rodrigo Lopez, M” Jose´ planning for psychological intervention and pre- Psicologı´a evol. y educ., University of La Laguna, La Canton Cortes, David Developmental Psychology, vention of: couple violence, dating violence and Laguna, Spain University of Granada, Granada, Spain Canton witness to violence. Families experiencing negative psychosocial condi- Duarte, Jose Developmental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain tions receive many forms of social support. But it is The aim of the study was to analyse the relation of Relations between parental attitudes and important to know to what extent is social support CSA characteristics and attribution of responsibil- childrens temperament to reactive and proactive effective in promoting adequate parenting in at-risk ity for the abuse with the occurrence of disclosure. aggression families. Participants were obtained from a sample Our sample comprised 91 female College students Carrasco, Miguel Personalidad, Universidad UNED, of 1150 mothers attending a parenting program. from the University of Granada, who had suffered Madrid, Spain Gonza´ lez, Paloma Personalidad, The results of ANOVA analyses indicate that the CSA before the age of 13. Regression analyses Universidad UNED, Madrid, Spain del Barrio, Victoria formal sources of support have a negative effect in showed that the disclosure of the abuse in a public Personalidad, Universidad UNED, Madrid, Spain at-risk families; they were associated to increases in way was related to the relationship with the Gordillo, Rodolfo Personalidad, Universidad UNED, aggressor and blaming the family for the abuse, Madrid, Spain permissive practices and decreases in inductive while the child telling to someone about the abuse Relations between self-repported parental reac- practices. In sum, formal support providers should was related also to its duration. We can conclude tions, childrens temperament and reactive-proactive revise the way they convey their help, because they that the disclosure is related to the CSA character- aggression were examined. Evidence was consistent are affecting negatively to those families that need istics and attributions of responsibility for the with the conclusion that relations between childrens them more. abuse. aggression, parental reactions and childrens tem- 446 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

perament depends on both: the age of children and meta-cognitive abilities of the task executive con- Children’s grade, gender and their questions the type of aggression (proactive and reactive). A trol, of the cognitive components monitoring, and Chen, Pei-Lan Taichung, Taiwan Tzeng, Yuhtsuen sample of 274 children (54% boys) whose ages therefore of cognitive self-regulation. This meta- Center for Teacher Education, ranged from 4 months to six years old, were platform is equipped with all the necessary services NationalChungChengUniversity, Chia-Yi, Taiwan studied. Multiple regression analysis were con- giving life to a virtual community, and it allows the The purpose of this study was to examine children’s ducted and the results showed the existence of a users to access, through Problem Solving model, questions generated from different grades and specific pattern according the hypothesis proposed. competences and formative materials available in gender. Taking a revised taxonomy of questions the network-adhering centres. This model has been (twenty types) as our analytical framework, we use Learning and students’ behavior in audio tested on 146 students enrolled at humanistic and ANOVA with grade and gender as between- conferencing versus face-to-face classroom scientific faculties. Data show an improvement of subjects variables and type of question as a with- in-subjects variable to analyze questions generated Caspi, Avner Education and Psychology, Open students’ productivity in the virtual system. from eighty-nine children. The results indicated a University of Israel, Ra’anana, Israel In two studies the differences between audio statistically significant two-way interaction (F (38, Whether or not negative beliefs about worry is conferencing and traditional face-to-face learning 1577) = 3.95, MSE = 8.79, p , .01). Children’s the mediator between intolerance of uncertainty were examined. We investigated whether the questioning types were different by their grade level, and generalized anxiety disorder? medium richness, medium naturalness, and visual whereas children’s gender did not influence their Chang, Ben-Sheng Psychology, Soochow University, anonymity determine students’ learning efficacy, questions. The results will contribute to children’s Taipei, Taiwan Wang, Chun-Hui Psychology, perception, satisfaction, participation, risk-taking, questioning development. Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan immediacy and disinhibited behavior. As hypothe- Why does intolerance of uncertainty (IU) develop sized, audio conferencing was as effective as face-to- generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? Many pub- Uncovering the configurational performance face learning. Face-to-face communication was with resource-based view: A test of the lished papers have supported that the negative perceived as better than audio conferencing in the relationships between Board capital composition belief about worry (NBW) is the necessary factor emotional-experiential aspects of learning: amount and firm performance for developing GAD. The purpose of the present of students’ attention and interest, learning satisfac- Chen, Ling-hsiu Information Management, Chaoyang study is to test whether NBW is the mediator tion, and enjoyment from the interaction. These University of Tech., Taichung County, Taiwan Lin, between IU and GAD. Taiwanese college students results are explained in terms of media naturalness Shang-Ping Business administration, NYUT, Douliou, and as an effect of visual anonymity, and suggest a (333 students) were recruited to fill out Intolerance Taiwan distinction between the cognitive and the emo- of Uncertainty Scale, Meta-cognitions Question- The BOD (board of directors) is the heart of tional-experiential aspects of perceived learning. naire, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Question- corporate governance. Different types of capable naire. Simple regression and setwise multiple directors not only formed different profile of BOD regression were used to analyze data in accordance Differences in the locus of control for HIV/AIDS capital composition but also reflect different power to Baron and Kenny’s mediator formula. The result between the adolescent natives and immigrants status among BOD members. The present study supports that NBW is the mediator between IU and Castro, A´ ngel University of Granada, Granada, Spain proposed that: Different compositions of BOD GAD. Bermudez, Maria Paz Psychology, University of have different effects on firm performance; the Granada, Granada, Spain more balance composition in BOD capital, the better firm performance. 482 listing companies OBJECTIVE. The objective was to compare the Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of native Spanish adolescents and the adolescent Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30): A test included in this study and the result indicated that there is not significant difference in firm’s market immigrants who live in Spain according to the of metacognitive theory of worry and obsessive performance in different type of BOD capital locus of control for HIV/AIDS infection. METH- compulsive symptoms composition, but the ‘‘Balance BOD’’ had a highest OD. The sample consists of two groups. One of Chang, Sue-Hwang Department of Psychology, ROA. That is, firm with the equivalent distributed them of 100 native Spanish adolescents and the National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan type of capable directors had highest internal other of 100 adolescent immigrants who live in Metacognition is critical to the pathogenesis of performance. Spain, with the ages between 14 and 19 years. The emotional disorders. This study reports psycho- Spanish adaptation of the scale about the locus of metric properties and validation of the short form control for the health modified for AIDS was of Metacognitions Questionnaire-Chinese version Web-based personalized learning system, based utilized. RESULTS. The significant differences (MCQ-30; Cartwright-Hatton & Wells, 2004). on learner’s knowledge structure which depend on the country origin are presented MCQ-30 along with STAI, BDI, MOCI and PSWQ Chen, Ling-hsiu Information Management, Chaoyang and discussed. were administered to 203 college students. The University of Tech., Taichung County, Taiwan Lin, results showed good internal consistency and test– Shang-Ping Business Administration, NYUT, Douliou, Peer group rules perception for HIV prevention in retest reliability. Factor analysis replicated the Taiwan terms of psychopathological variables original five-factor structure. Positive associations Personalized service is important in the context of e- Castro, A´ ngel University of Granada, Granada, Spain between metacognitions and measures of worry and learning service. However learner’s ability was Bermudez, MariaPaz Psychology, University of obsessive–compulsive symptoms further confirmed always neglected in previous research. The present Granada, Granada, Spain Paniagua, Freddy A. the metacognitive theory of intrusive thoughts. study applied the Pathfinder Network and devel- Psychology, University of Texas, Granada, Spain Chinese MCQ-30 may serve as an efficacious tool oped a Web-based personalized system to elicit and Buela Casal, Gualberto Psychology, University of in assessing metacognitive domains considered diagnosis learner’s knowledge structure. This sys- Granada, Granada, Spain OBoyle, Michael important in conceptualizing psychopathological tem also can provide learning recommendation to learner by using a modified ‘‘C’’ index. The Psychology, University of Texas, Granada, Spain processes. OBJECTIVE. Evaluate the peer group rules per- experiment results indicate this Web-based perso- ception for the adoption of HIV prevention nalized learning system can provide personalized behaviours in normal adolescents and in adoles- Relief of suppressed emotion in forbearance: The learning progress based on learner’s ability and cents with psychological disorders. METHOD. effect of empathy and the way to promote it learner has higher satisfaction with this persona- This is an ‘‘ex post facto’’ study, cross-sectional Chen, I-Fen Taipei, Taiwan Lin, Yi-Cheng Department lized learning system. Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 type. The scales were applied of a collective way of psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, under the same conditions for the 620 participants Taiwan Huang, Chin-Lan Department of Psychology, Ambivalent sexism, marriage, and power-related who formed the sample. RESULTS. We find National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan gender-role ideology statistically significant differences between the For Chinese, forbearance (?) has been considered as Chen, Zhixia Huazhong University of Science, normal adolescents and the adolescents with a common and valued coping tactics in interperso- Department of Sociology, Wuhan, People’s Republic psychological disorders. CONCLUSIONS. Psycho- nal conflicts in daily lives. However, forbearance of China Fiske, Susan Princeton University, pathological variables of a group must be consid- implies an unwilling or unpleasant suppression of Department of Psychology, Princeton, USA Lee, Tiane ered in order to design a HIV prevention program. emotions. To maintain one’s psychological well- Princeton University, Department of Psychology, being, it is important to adopt some transforming Princeton, USA Meta-platform for building e-learning strategies to relieve the suppressed emotions. This Using Glick and Fiske’s (1996) Ambivalent Sexism environments study examined the effectiveness of various trans- Inventory, a new Gender Roles in Marriage Ceglie, Flavio Pathological Anatomy, University of forming strategies. Furthermore, a revised expres- Inventory examined the relationship of ambivalent Bari (Italy), Bari, Italy Gentile, Enrichetta Informatics, sive diary writing (PDDP) was used to improve attitudes toward women and power-related gender- University of Bari (Italy), Bari, Italy Monacis, Lucia participants’ abilities of perspective taking. Results role ideology about marriage. We hypothesized that Psychology, University of Bari (Italy), Bari, Italy showed being empathetic was the most effective ambivalent sexism influences marital power Our paper aims at building the architecture of strategy to relieve discomfort, and PDDP increased through two mechanisms: enacting male dominance federating e-learning environments based on the empathy toward others. Indigenous implications at the beginning of a marriage by mate selection Problem Solving paradigm in order to develop were discussed. criteria, and maintaining male dominance during Wednesday 23rd July 2008 447

the marriage by power-related gender-role norms China Li, Yang Dept. of Psychology, Capital Normal partial correlations were used. The major finings for marriage. Results from Chinese and American University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China are?firstly, inductive methods showed that transac- samples indicate that ambivalent sexism relates Previous decision-making researches mostly focus tional leadership is a four dimensions structure both to male dominance and to traditional gender on P300 and feedback negativity(FRN)’s sensitivity includes contingent reward, contingent punishment, role ideology in mate selection criteria and norms in to gains-and-losses, but neglect to discuss the process control and anticipated investment. Sec- marriage. Cultural similarities and gender differ- relationship between emotion and decision-making. ondly, the effects of transactional and transforma- ences are also discussed. Key words: hostile sexism, In order to probe it, present study investigates the tional leadership are different. Transactional benevolent sexism, mate selection, gender role ERPs’ differences between disappointment induced leadership could significantly predict intention to marriage norms by losses and elation by gains in disappointment leave controlling for transformational leadership, study paradigm. Research shows:1)elation’s ERPs while transformational leadership could signifi- is wholly more positive than disappointment within cantly predict in-role performance, extra-role per- The development of ‘‘Chinese Christians’ 200 milliseconds;2)disappointment elicits greater formance, satisfaction and leadership effectiveness Religiosity Scale’’ FRN than elation;3)elation elicits greater P300 controlling for transactional leadership. Chen, Yongsheng Dept. of Psychology, Zhejiang than disappointment;4)disappointment increases Normal University, Jihua, People’s Republic of China late positive complex(LPC)’s amplitudes during The aim is to develop ‘‘Chinese Christians’ Re- Performing a concurrent visual task enhances 400-800 milliseconds at anterior brain. Those ligiosity Scale ’’(CCRS). The hypothesis is that (not impedes) standing stability results suggest P300 and FRN mainly reflect elements of Chinese Christians’ religiosity are decision-making’s processing, and LPC mostly Cherng, Rong-Ju Department of Physical Therapy, divinity belief, transcend experience, morality pur- reflect the relationship between emotion and National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan suit, and institutional participation. Subjects were decision-making. Chao, Wan-Jiun Department of Physical Therapy, 711 Chinese Christians(male 296, female 415; 12-76 National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan years of age). The CFA supported the hypothesis of Chen, Jenn-Yeu Institute of Cognitive Science, four-factor. CCRS had 19 items(divinity belief, 4 Temporal cross modal capture of audition and National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan items; transcend experience, 6 items; morality tactile apparent motion The effect of a concurrent task on standing stability pursuit, 5 items; and institutional participation, 4 Chen, Lihan Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t was examined in fourteen adults who performed a items). A significant correlation was found between Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Shi, Zhuang hua visual search task while standing barefooted with CCRS and Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, feet together on a fixed or compliant support Questionnaire (r=0.698, p,.01). The internal con- Germany Mueller, Hermann Psychology, Ludwig surface. The search task involved eight different sistency and two-week test-retest reliability were Maximilian University, Munich, Germany Zhang, set sizes. Results showed that performing the search 0.860, 0.876, respectively. Zhijun Psychology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, task improved standing stability. The improvement People’s Republic of China did not vary with the set size of the search, neither Time management disposition and gender In cross modal capture of audition and tactile with the type of foot support. The results suggest differences: A study based on Chinese population apparent motion,asynchronous audio captures the that standing as a postural task does not compete Chen, Ying Dept. of Psychology, Jinan University of apparent tactile apparent motion direction,change with a cognitive task. Rather, it is maintained at a Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China Tong, the bistable motion to be one dominant direction(- level needed for performing the cognitive task. Yuehua Dept. of Psychology, Jinan University of left or right).We have launched three experiments to Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China investigate the audition captures tactile apparent motion in temporal domain.In the first experi- A new framework for understanding concept Time management disposition reflects how indivi- Cheung, Chi Ngai Dept. Educational Psychology, duals control and make use of their time. Time ment,we use 500ms SOA and 9 levels of delay between audition and tactile stimuli. We replicated Hong Kong Chinese University, Hong Kong, China, management disposition is composed of three People’s Republic of : Hong Kong SAR dimensions such as the sense of time value, the this cross modal capture in 400ms SOA condition and eliminate the initial bias with a revised Concept is not a basic unit of idea, not just sense of time control, and the sense of time efficacy. representation and algorithm, and much more than This variable is considered as a personality trait method.In the third experiment,we adopted an adjustment procedure,after adjustment,the one categorization. Concept is a phenomenon that with multi-dimensions. The study aims at exploring should be understood from perspectives like evolu- gender differences in time management disposition. dominant direction of tactile apparent motion is changed to be bi-stable again. tion, biological structure and cultural-historical 300 university students completed the Time Man- background. I propose a framework attempting to agement Disposition Scale. Results indicated that integrate these perspectives, to resolve controversies females scored significantly higher in all three The development of 5-9 years old children’s between existing theories about concept, and to dimensions. Implications of the findings are dis- intuitive knowledge about horizontal projectile create bridges for these existing theories. In the cussed. motion proposed framework, two external sources of Chen, Guang School of Psychology, Beijing Normal concept are identified, namely immediate environ- The relationships among Chinese children’s University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Li, ment and external knowledge system. Internal home literacy experiences, early literacy Xiuxun School of Psychology, Beijing Normal psychological processes are differentiated into acquisition and their later reading performance at University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Chen, explicit and implicit concept levels. How this school: A longitudinal study Huichang School of Psychology, Beijing Normal framework exemplifies a new conceptualization of Chen, Xiao Educational School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China concept will be discussed in detail. University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China Zhou, The present study investigated 40 5-9 years old Hui Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, children’s intuitive knowledge about the trajectory The effects of immigrant mothers’ adjustment on People’s Republic of China of horizontal projectile motion through prediction, perceptual judgment, and observation tasks, and young children’s family experiences and learning In Study One, 97 first graders’ (Mean age =6.5 behaviors years, SD = .28) early literacy acquisition (oral found that (1) Children’s knowledge can be Chin, Jui-Chih Early Childhood Education, Taipei vocabulary, Chinese character recognition) were properly classified as four models, including Municipal Uni. of Educ., Taipei, Taiwan Chen, Yin- tested before formal school instruction began, and straight-down model, inverted-L model, slope Ying Early Childhood Education, Taipei Municipal parents reported children’s informal and formal model, and quasi-parabolic model. (2) 7- and 9- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Uni. of Educ., Taipei, Taiwan Lu, Wen-Yueh Early literacy experiences at home. Results showed that year-olds perform significantly better on perceptual Childhood Education, Taipei Municipal Uni. of Educ., only informal home literacy experiences predicted judgment task than they do on prediction task, and Taipei, Taiwan oral vocabulary significantly and only formal home this superior performance can be transferred to the The current study was to investigate life adjustment literacy experiences predicted Chinese character following prediction task; 7-year-olds benefit most of immigrant mothers and its effects on family recognition significantly. In Study Two, 64 children from perceptual judgment task. (3) Observations of processes and children’s learning behaviors. Im- were followed up to the end of the first semester. the real dynamic event do result in substantial migrant mothers of 445 Taiwanese preschool Results showed that only children’s character progress of 5-year olds’ performance. children filled out a questionnaire. Children’s recognition predicted both of children’s final learning behaviors were assessed by teachers. Chinese exam scores and usual performance on The structure of transactional leadership in China Structure equation modeling was conducted. The the Chinese lessons significantly. Chen, Wenjing and Management, School of model indicated that immigrant mothers’ self- Economics, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Shi, efficacy in childrearing, perceived support, and Disappointment in decision-making: Evidence Kan Chinaese Academy of Science, institute of cultural accommodation positively influenced the from an ERP study psychology, CAS, beijing, People’s Republic of China engagement of qualified parent-child interactions. Chen, Manqi Dept. of Psychology, Capital Normal Researchers in China found the different structure However, all family factors exerted no influence on University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Fang, of transformational leadership, but have not devel- children’s learning behaviors. The results mani- Ping psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, oped the transactional leadership. This study fested that mothers’ adjustment to motherhood and People’s Republic of China Jiang, Yuan psychology, examines data collected from 3,500 manager-sub- migrant life was influential to children’s family Beijing Sport University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ordinate paired participants. EFA, CFA, HRA and experiences. Furthermore, the discontinuity be- 448 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

tween family and school experiences deserved male, 116 female; 115 from rural settings, 94 from The study investigated the relation of the family educators’ efforts for bridging the two in order to urban settings). Results showed that students from system variables with the depression, depending on empower minority children. rural schools presented higher levels of social the home structure. The participants, 147 College isolation, social anxiety and lower levels of self- student children of divorced families and a compar- control in social situations, academic, social and ison group, completed the BDI and the FES. Factor structure and psychometric properties of family self-concept. Regarding gender girls reported Pearson correlations and logistic regressions ana- the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire higher levels of consideration for others, social lyses were carried out. The Conflicts were related to Chorot, Paloma Psychology, Universidad Nac. Educ. anxiety and family self-concept while boys reported the scores on depression in all the families. The Dist., Madrid, Spain Sandin, Bonifacio Psychology, higher emotional self-concept. These extensive Organization was related only in the case of Universidad Nac. Educ. Dist., Madrid, Spain Valiente, differences should be taken into consideration when children of divorced families, and the Recreational Rosa M. Psychology, Universidad Nac. Educ. Dist., designing intervention programs for these commu- Orientation in the intact families. Explained var- Madrid, Spain Santed, Miguel A. Psychology, nities. iance was higher in the case of the divorced families. Universidad Nac. Educ. Dist., Madrid, Spain In summary, some characteristics of the family Psychometric properties of the Spanish Symptom environment are related to the scores on depression Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) were exam- Unwanted intrusive thoughts and daily hassles of the children, although these relationships vary ined in a sample of undergraduates. The SA-45 is a Combaluzier, Serge De´ pt. de Psychologie, Universite´ depending on the family structure. 45-item self-report instrument of psychiatric symp- de Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France Bouteyre, tomatology derived from the original Symptom Evelyne Departement de Psychologie, Universite de Checklist-90 (SCL-90) which assesses each of the Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France Profiles of marital partners’ agreement across same symptom domains as its parent instrument INTRODUCTION : On a phenomelogical way, various areas of the relationship with no item overlap across domains. As expected, there are two kinds of disturbances of the mind : Cubela Adoric, Vera Dept. of Psychology, University exploratory factor analysis supported a structure of internal phenomena as unwanted intrusive thoughts of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia Jurkin, Marina Department of 9 factors which corresponds with the nine proposed (UIT) and external phenomena as daily hassles. On Psychology, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia subscales. Normative data, reliability (internal an experimental approach, each of these paradigms Jurevic, Jelena Department of Psychology, University consistency) and validity were also examined have been explored in their relationships with of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia Ivos, Erma Department of supporting sound psychometric properties. Find- mental health and disorders. But the relationships Sociology, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia ings provide support for the use of the SA-45 as a between UIT, daily hassles and mental health have Kamenov, Zeljka Department of Psychology, Faculty measure of dimensions of psychopathology. not been explored yet. It will be the aim of this of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia communication. The aim of this study was to develop an empirically The association among self-injury behavior, derived typology of couples using the scores of emotional intensity, and cognitive processes in Variations on maternal control and support partners’ agreement in the evaluation of various patients with mood disorders practices according to the childs sex areas of the relationship. Both partners from 183 Chuang, Ya-Jen Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Contreras, Carolina Pruebas y Medicio´ n, INEE, couples completed a newly developed multidimen- Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Huang, San-Yuan Psychiatry, Me´ xico City, Mexico Reyes, Isabel Unidad sional inventory (UPBKO, Cubela Adoric & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Lee, Shu- Investigaciones Psicoso, UNAM, Me´ xico City, Mexico Jurevic, 2006), which assesses perception of the Fen Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, The purpose of the study was to determine whether relationship along twelve dimensions. Cluster ana- Taiwan Hsia, Yi-Hsin Psychiatry, Tri-Service General there are significant differences due to the sex of the lysis of the agreement scores yielded five different Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan children on maternal control and support practices. patterns or types of marital couples: vitalized, This study explored the association among self- A sample of 302 children attending a public balanced, traditional, disharmonious, and con- injury behavior, emotional intensity, and cognitive elementary in southern Mexico City and their flicted. In evaluating the present results, compar- processes in patients with Mood-related Disorders. mothers was evaluated using two scales with 18 ability with the typologies that were established in Subjects completed Emotional Visual Analogue items each and alphas of .77 and .92. Significant previous research programs will be discussed. Scales and Stroop Test. Data were analyzed by T- differences were found for the three factors of the test and Pearson Correlation. In SIB group, supporting scale, (t=2.429, p=.016; t=2.410, p=.017; The consistency of grammatical gender effect in intensity of irritability and anxiety was significantly t=2.475, p=.014). The control scale showed sig- bare noun production. New evidence from the correlated to color interference of reading word nificant differences only for the inductive factor picture word interference paradigm (CIRW). In non-SIB group, intensity of euphoria (t=2.343, p=.020). In both cases, differences were Cubelli, Roberto DISCOF, University of Trento, was significantly correlated to CIRW and word only found in the mothers reports. Rovereto (TN), Italy Paolieri, Daniela DISCOF, interference of naming color. For SIB group, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), Italy Lotto, intensity of irritability and anxiety worse function Parental restriction and toddlers’ intake of Lorella DPSS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy Job, of linguistic process. For non-SIB group, linguistic unhealthy snacks: The moderating influence of Remo DISCOF, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), and non-linguistic processes competed with and snack food availability Italy interfered each other, following intensity of eu- Corsini, Nadia CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, The selection of grammatical gender in bare noun phoria. Australia Wilson, Carlene Human Nutrition, CSIRO, production is a controversy issue. In a new series of Adelaide BC SA, Australia Kettler, Lisa School of experiments with the picture-word interference Sypmlified voice fundamental frequency contour Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide BC SA, paradigm we confirmed a reliable effect of gender as indicator of stress at work Australia Danthiir, Vanessa Human Nutrition, CSIRO, congruency in Italian: Naming times were slower to Cicevic, Svetlana Faculty of Transport and Traff, Adelaide BC SA, Australia picture-word pairs sharing the same gender. This Beograd, Serbia Objective: To examine whether snack food avail- effect was independent from the morphological Voice fundamental frequency contour is (the F0 ability moderates the relationship between restric- transparency of the distracters, but responses were contour) plays an important role in conveying tion and snack food intake. Method: Sixty-six significantly slower when the distracters were prosodic, as well as para- and non-linguistic toddlers (2.3¡0.3 years old) were given free access transparent for gender. Overall, the pattern of information, and in numerous investigations was to low energy dense (LED) and high energy dense results of the present study support the notion that proven as an good indicator of physical and (HED) snack foods; intake (KJ) of the latter was grammatical gender is always selected when needed Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 emotional state of speaker. In the present study, measured. Parent report questionnaires measured to access the correct nominal ending and the the simplified F0 contour of air traffic controllers’ restriction and availability. A hierarchical multiple associate inflectional paradigm. voice was presented, as a parameter of stress regression analysis was used to test the interaction. induced by time on duty. Multisyllabic word was Results: Restriction was a significant predictor of Relation between child’s personality chosen as a test-word, thus F0 contours for two toddlers’ ad libitum intake of HED snacks only characteristics and his/her attachment to basic syllabic nuclei has to be shown. Generally, the when availability was high. Conclusions: Research kindergarten teacher end of the working session is characterized by on restriction and children’s eating behaviour Cugmas, Zlatka Slov. Konjice, Slovenia increasing F0 values, as well as ones of the contour should examine the context in which restriction The purpose of this study was to examine the realizations. It seems that syllable nuclei are occurs. associations between child’s personality character- sensitive to various duration of working session. istics and his/her attachment to kindergarten Parental divorce and depression: The role of the teacher. 101 children participated in the research. The influence of place of residence and gender on family environment Children’s ages ranged from 24 to 74 months. the self-concept and social skills of Portuguese Cortes Arboleda, Maria Rosario Developmental Trained observers filled-in the Child’s attachment middle school students Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Granada, Spain to his/her kindergarten teacher (Cugmas, 2007) and Coelho, Vitor Costa de Caparica, Portugal Canto´ n Duarte, Jose´ Developmental Psychology, the Inventory of child individual differences (Zu- This study analyzes the influence of gender and Faculty of Psychology, Granada, Spain Canto´ n Corte´s, pancˇicˇ & Kavcˇicˇ, 2004). More security expressed place of residence on self-concept and social skills David Developmental Psychology, Faculty of children, higher scores they had on the subscales of Portuguese middle school students (N = 209: 93 Psychology, Granada, Spain considerate, positive emotion, achievement, and Wednesday 23rd July 2008 449

compliant. More resistance they expressed, higher The purpose of this research was survey of the A feedback-related negativity appeared in training scores they had on subscales antagonistic and relationship between attitude toward premarital sex and later decreased. The results show that error- negative affect. More avoidance they expressed, and marital satisfaction. Four hundred forty six related responses change during learning, suggest- higher scores they had on antagonistic-subscale. married persons (222 females & 224 males) were ing that they index decision-making processes that selected randomly through multistage sampling occur during grammar acquisition. from Tehran. The instrument was premarital sex The role of perceived susceptibility and worry as attitude scale created by researches with Chronbach predictors of helmet and condom use by Spanish s alpha of 0.91. The second instrument was the Parenting and socio-personal development in adolescents revised short form of ENRIC (relied by Asgari & contexts of social vulnerability Cunill Olivas, Monica Dept. of Psychology, University Bahmani for Iranians population in 1385) with de la Caba Collado, M. Angeles Methods and of Girona, Girona, Spain Chronbach s alpha of 0.92. Factor analysis validity Diagnosis in Edu., University of Basque County, San This study investigated the perceived susceptibility of attitude scale lead to extraction three factors: Sebastian, Spain Bartau Rojas, Isabel M.I.D.E., and concern about being infected with the HIV premarital simple relationship, positive & negative Facultad F.I.C.E., Universidad del Paı´s Vasco, San virus or involved in a motorcycle crash in 489 effects and consequences. Sebastian, Spain secondary students, and tested whether these were The aim is to assess an educational program for predictors of helmet and condom use. Adolescents improving the socio-personal development of min- felt more susceptible to having a motorcycle crash Effects of nonverbal communication in social than becoming infected with HIV, but they felt skills training ors living in situations of social vulnerability, and more worried about becoming infected with the Daibo, Ikuo Dept. of Social Psychology, Osaka the parenting skills of their parents. The sample HIV virus than about having a motorcycle crash. University, Osaka, Japan Iso, Yukiko Dep of Child group comprised both fathers, mothers and minors. Only the level of concern about HIV infection Psychology, Tokyo Future University, Tokyo, Japan 10 families participated in the first phase and 6 predicted the intention to engage in preventative Tniguchi, Junichi Psychology and Communcation, participated in the second phase. A pretest-posttest behaviour. Perceived susceptibility seems to in- Osaka International University, Moriguchi, Osaka, design was used, assessing the process using crease with the frequency of the problem, and the Japan questionnaires and diaries. Improvements were degree of concern increased with the perceived Many people do not possess sufficient skills in daily found in the emotional and cooperation skills of seriousness. communication. Therefore, they have little social the minors, as well as in parents’ ability to respond support each other and have some interpersonal to their children’s needs. The educational interven- Facts and illusions of self-presentational impact conflicts. They need to improve communication tion helps develop values such as ‘learn to care for’ skills. When we encode own messages and decode of cigarette smoking in contexts of social vulnerability. Czarna, Anna Krako´ w, Poland others’ messages in appropriate manner, those Objective of the study was to research the influence communication behaviors lead to activate not only of gender and smoking status on private naı¨ve our selves’ adaptation but the high performance of Musical abilities and their relation to cognitive theories of female perceptions of male cigarette many partners in own society. We examined skills and self-concept in 11-to 14-year-old smokers. The purpose behind it was to indirectly university students’ encoding and decoding skills children address the issue of self-presentational motives in detecting types of interpersonal relationships in Dege´ , Franziska Inst. fu¨ r Entw.-Psychologie, directing potentially addictive behaviours. The natural settings. The closed and unfamiliar rela- Universita¨t Gießen, Gießen, Germany Wehrum, Sina online research allowed to cast light upon both tions- strangers, best friends- than relatives and clinical psychology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, solid knowledge, awareness of the self-presenta- coworkers were recognized accurately. The accu- Germany Ott, Ulrich BION, Justus-Liebig-University, tional impact of smoking as well as positive racy of decoding was correlated positively with Gießen, Germany Stark, Rudolf clinical psychology, illusions about outcomes of cigarette smoking, held encoding skill. Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany Vaitl, by smokers and nonsmokers. Discussion highlights Dieter BION, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany Schwarzer, Gudrun developmental those among the illusions which might be particu- Associations between body dysmorphic psychology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, larly motivating to enter smoking habit for each of symptoms, body image and self-consciousness Germany the sexes. in a representative population sample It is assumed that musical abilities influence non- Daig, Isolde Inst. fu¨ r Med. Psychologie, Charite´ Berlin, musical abilities (e.g. intelligence) positively. Our Managerial motives and transformational Berlin, Germany Albani, Cornelia Universita¨ t Leipzig, study tested effects of musical abilities on children’s leadership Psychosomatic Medicine, Leipzig, Germany Bra¨ hler, specific cognitive abilities and on their self-concept. Do¨ rr, Stefan Organizational Psychology, A47- Elmar Universita¨ t Leipzig, Institute of Consulting, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Maier, Gu¨ nter MedicalPsychology, Leipzig, Germany 63 children (34 girls; 11,7 to 14,6 years) were tested Organizational Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Body dysmorphic symptoms are characterized by a in music perception and production, spatial sense, Bielefeld, Germany distressing and impairing preoccupation with an phonological awareness, attention, sensorimotor- The purpose of this study was to examine the imagined or slight defect in appearance. The study functions, verbal-, visual- and auditory memory linkage between motives of leaders and perceptions investigates the association between body image and self-concept. Significant associations were of their transformational leadership behavior. We and body dysmorphic symptoms by taking self- found for musical abilities and spatial ability, assessed explicit achievement, power and affiliation consciousness into account. A sample of 1621 phonological awareness, attention, visual memory motives of leaders (N=81) as well as perceived persons (14-99 years), participated in a German and self-concept. For sensorimotor-functions, ver- nationwide survey. Women reported more body transformational leadership behavior, influence bal and auditory memory no significant relations dysmorphic symptoms and higher self-conscious- tactics and employee effectiveness from direct could be revealed. Our results suggest that musical subordinates of the leaders (N=359). Results ness than men. People with body dysmorphic activity enhances specific cognitive abilities as well showed that power motive is positively and symptoms reported a more negative body image as children’s self-concept. achievement motive is negatively related to trans- and higher self-consciousness. Aspects of self- formational leadership. The relationship between consciousness moderated the association between motives and transformational leadership are mod- body dysmorphic symptoms and negative body Cognitive evaluation in Parkinson’s disease erated by the influence tactic rational argumenta- image. Results are discussed towards hypotheses of

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Delgado Sua´rez, Iva´n Clinical Neurophysiology, tion. Finally, transformational leadership is a affect modulation and depression tendency. Santiago General Hospital, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba mediator for the relationship between power motive Background: The cognitive dysfunction in Parkin- and employee effectiveness. Error-related responses supporting grammatical son disease is still incipient and the reports have plasticity been showed contradictory results. Aims: Objective The relationship between attitude toward Davidson, Douglas F. C. Donders Center, Nijmegen, evaluation the cognitive fuctions in PD recording premarital sex and marital satisfaction among Netherlands Indefrey, Peter Language and ERP P300, determing correlations between clinical married females and males in Tehran. Multilingualism, F. C. Donders Center, Nijmegen, and electrophysiological variables Methods: Dadkhah, Asghar Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Netherlands Twenty PD patients classified wiht eged bettween University of Welfare & Rehab., Tehran, Islamic The objective of this study was to investigate 40 and 65 yeasr old, and neurophysiological Republic of Iran Ghaffari, Fateme ghaffari Dept. of whether feedback-related electrophysiological activ- evaluation by Mini Mental Test. Results: The Clinical Psychology, University of Welfare & Re, ity during language learning is related to improved results are compatible with delay in cognitive Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Haji Seyd Razi, grammatical discrimination. Twenty native-Dutch processing of the information, a decrease in the Hamideh Dept. of Clinical Psychology, University of speakers classified German noun phrases presented Welfare & Re, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Ramin, with and without feedback. Without feedback, intensity of the processes of selective attention and Somayyeh Dept. of Clinical Psychology, University of participants’ classification was near chance and asynchrony in the activation of generators of this Welfare & Re, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Asgari, did not improve. During training with feedback, potentials in the PD We concluded that ERP P300 Ali Dept. of Clinical Psychology, University of Welfare P600 responses appeared to declension and gender is very useful test in objective evaluation of & Re, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran but not case violations, and classification improved. cognitive functions in PD 450 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

The role of child care center directors in teachers’ other (Experiment 2) or on top of each other towards leader influence is partially mediated by the return to school (Experiment 3). In the experiments different co- satisfaction of subordinates’ intrinsic needs for self- Deutsch, Francine Dept. of Psychology, Mount ordination modes were of advantage. We argue that determination. Holyoke College, South Hadley, USA Tong, Taryn the way movement effects are embedded in the Psychology, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, environment is crucial for unimanual coordination Rhythmic closure in music perception USA with external events. Edelman, Laura Dept. of Psychology, Muhlenberg Telephone interviews with seventy-eight childcare College, Allentown, USA Helm, Patricia Allentown, center directors examined their role in encouraging Criteria for choosing romantic partners relative to USA Kussmaul, Clif Psychology, Muhlenberg College, preschool teachers to pursue higher education. gender and relationship status Allentown, PA, USA Although directors’ educational values and mentor- Dinic, Bojana Novi Sad, Serbia A series of studies investigated the role of rhythmic ing attitudes were associated with self-reported The aim of this research was to examine gender and patterns on the perception of closure in music. mentoring, contrary to prediction, mentoring did relationship status (in a relationship or not) Percussive sounds were presented in patterns that not mediate teachers’ enrollment in college classes. differences considering the criteria for choosing varied by the number of repetitions, whether the Nonetheless, logistic regressions showed that the romantic partners, which were assessed by the pattern ended in a long or short note, whether each more directors valued higher education and the KIP110 questionnaire (Dinic, 2005). Combining measure was begun by a dynamic accent, and the more confident directors were in a targeted gender and relationship status, four groups of placement of a triplet within the measure. We teacher’s ability, the more likely she was to be participans were created. Two discriminant func- compared the results of trained musicians with non- taking college classes. Directors’ impact on the tions were singled out: 1. separates female from musicians. We found a greater degree of closure for educational pursuits of their teaching staff suggests male participans, showing that females prefer more even numbers of repetitions, for patterns ending in that the workplace is an under-researched, critical similar interests and competence in their partners; 2. longer notes, and generally stronger results for context for the educational trajectories of nontradi- showing that the participans who are in a relation- musicians than non-musicians. The dynamic accent tional students. ships prefer more emotions and connivance and had no effect social status and similar origin from those who are not. Trauma and positive health: The complete state Relationship between thyroid hormones and model of health obesity in 15 to 49 years old depressed women Diaz, Dario Dept. of Social Psychology, Universidad Generalized quantifiers in natural language Eftekhari, Mohammad Hassan Nutrition, Shiraz Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Blanco, Amalio Druzhinin, Georgy IEAP, Moscow, Russia University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran Ahmadi, Social Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de In any language some words reflect the idea of Mehdi Nutrition, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Madrid, Madrid, Spain graduation. Such words as "almost", "most of..." Republic of Iran Firoozabadi, Ali Psychology, Shiraz Objetives. The Complete-State-Model of Health etc. that express the idea of some part of any thing University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran Soveid, (CSMH) considers mental health as a syndrome of or group can be named as generalized quantifiers. Mahmood Endocrinology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, symptoms of hedonia and positive functioning. In Such words as "very", "too", "rather" etc. reflect the Islamic Republic of Iran this study we have take the CSMH as theoretical idea of multiplication of certain feelings or efforts. Background: The involvement of the thyroid framework for the study of traumatic vents. Simple experiments (made with Russian-language hormones is generally believed to be important in Methods. 42 victims of 11-M terrorist attack filled and bilingual subjects) show the statistically stable the aetiopathogenesis of depression and obesity. in questionnaries assessing PTSD and positive qualitative interpretation of such quantitative gra- Aim: To investigate thyroid profile in depressed health. Results. Exploratory-confirmatory factor duation values and individual trends in it under women and depressed obese women. Methods: A analyses support that PTSD and mental health certain changes in psychological state (fatigue etc.). total 60 subjects (depressed women and depressed form two different factors. Only one victim was These results could explain the actual subjective obese women) were selected. Serum samples were diagnosed as healthy although 9 participants did significance and correct the evaluations by psycho- collected and assayed for thyroid indices. Results: not show the disorder. Conclusion. Rather than metric scales. Comparison of thyroid hormone indices revealed forming a single bipolar dimension, health and no significant differences between two groups. illness are correlated unipolar dimensions. The Conclusion: There were not any significant associa- Transformations of students; mental state in presence of mental health require a positive tion between thyroid profiles and obesity in students years personal and social functioning. depressed obese women. Druzhinina, Elena IEAP, Moscow, Russia Longitude study of Russian university students’ Depression in epilepsy mentality showed systematic transformations dur- The entry point of face recognition: The basic Diaz Martinez, Carina Clinical Neurophysiology, ing education time. Some aspects of students’ level and/or the subordinate level? General Hospital, Guantanamo, Cuba Diaz Martinez, motivation to professional education under condi- Endo, Mitsuo Dept. of Human Sciences, University of Annia Internal Medicine Department, General tions of modern information and education tech- the Ryukyus, Nishiharacho, Japan Hospital, Guantanamo, Cuba nologies in various periods of students’ years will be We addressed the entry point in face recognition. If OBJECTIVES: Estimate the frequency of depres- discussed as important factors of these transforma- the entry point in face recognition would not be at sion in patients with epilepsy and to correlate tions. Many of these transformations are caused by the basic level but at the subordinate level of unique patient characteristics with the degree of depression. cognitive dissonances that appear after gained identity, face recognition at the basic level could be METHODS: 51 patients were asked to complete a information verification with the modern informa- achieved by a search through semantic memory. questionnaire. Depression scores were assessed. tion technologies. Variants of cognitive-based The results of experiment did not yield a significant ANOVA test was used in statistical analysis. neurotization, its predictors and its manifestations positive correlation between naming pictures and RESULTS: 39% had major depression. Seizure- in aberrant and deviant behavior as frequent results words at the basic level for faces, suggesting that the free patients had lower depression scores. Depres- to certain motivation issues will be discussed just as same process was not used to name pictures and sion scores were not related to the number, type of recommendations for coping such negative con- words at the basic level for faces. Thus the entry antiepileptic drugs or epilepsy type. One-half of sequences and after-effects. point at the basic level of faces should still exist. depressed patients were not on antidepressant medication. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is a Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 common condition in epilepsy patients. A better How social influence in leadership dyads is Motor learning affects neural processing of visual diagnosis and treatment of should be reached. mediated by self-determination when perception subordinates are treated with consideration Engel, Annerose Allg.Physiologische Psy., Philipps- Eckloff, Tilman Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, Universita¨t Uni. Marburg Psy., Marburg, Germany Burke, Michael Visual-spatial layout contributes to unimanual Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany van Quaquebeke, Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, coordination Niels Social Psychology, University of Hamburg, Germany Fiehler, Katja Psychology, Philipps- Dietrich, Sandra Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max-Planck- Hamburg, Germany University Marburg, Marburg, Germany Bien, Institut, Leipzig, Germany Rieger, Martina The results of the Ohio Studies suggest that Siegfried Neuroradiology, Philipps-University Psychology, Max Planck Institute CBS, Leipzig, considerate leadership behaviour is one important Marburg, Marburg, Germany Ro¨ sler, Frank Germany Prinz, Wolfgang Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max- source of leadership effectiveness (for recent review Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Planck-Institut, Leipzig, Germany see Judge, Piccolo, & Ilies, 2004). Moreover, Germany Is unimanual coordination of movements with empirical research in the framework of Self- We investigated whether motor learning has an external events based on the actual movement or Determination Theory shows that increasing sub- influence on how observed movements are later on the way movement effects are embedded in the ordinates’ self-determination will lead to positive processed by neural networks dedicated to move- environment? Participants coordinated their move- outcomes, such as performance enhancement (Deci ment execution and perception. While watching ments with a circular moving stimulus. The relation & Ryan, 2000). In the present study, we link both artificial object movements, ten participants imi- of movement effects to external events was varied perspectives and, specifically in two field studies tated the trajectories with their hands and ten by placing movement effect and stimulus trajectory (N1 = 563 and N2 = 596), we show that the relation participants solved a working-memory task. After either next to each other (Experiment 1) inside each between consideration and subordinates’ openness that, the hemodynamic responses were recorded Wednesday 23rd July 2008 451

while participants observed artificial object move- Psychological wellbeing’s model in the vision of Analysis of artificial concepts formation in ments. Motor-related brain areas (supplementary Islam’s prophet and holly infallibles children of different socio-cultural levels motor area, inferior parietal lobe) responded more Faghihi, Ali Naghi Human Sciences’ Faculty, Qom Flores, Dulce Dept. de Psicologı´a, Universidad in the motor experienced than in the memory University, Qom, Islamic Republic of Iran Auto´ noma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico Talizina, Nina group. This shows that movement training affects Aim is, to discover psychological wellbeing’s model Psicologı´a, Statal University of Moscow, Moscow, from Islamic hadiths. Method is hermeneutic with Russia movement perception, and that neural networks analyzing of Islamic hadiths’ content for reaching 339 mexican school children of both sexes from related to motor execution are also triggered by to above aim. Findings: Psychological wellbeing has different socio-economic levels (6-9 years), were artificial, non-biological movements. some levels. First is inexistency of any disorder in evaluated with The Protocol of formation of new his psychological system and next is, optimizing and concept (Flores 2002). The statistical and cualitative Autonomous agents with personality upgrading the vision and affection, and developing analysis shows differences. 105 children (30.97%) Enz, Sibylle Inst. fu¨ r Allg. Psychologie, Universita¨t of personality in all aspects related to self and Allah had acquired the action of formation of concept: 11 Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany Zoll, Carsten Inst. fu¨r Almighty and people and nature. Conclusion: Each native children have it (15.94%), 20 rural children Allg. Psychologie, Universita¨ t Bamberg, Bamberg, person that has more human perfection, has more (22.22%), 30 lower urban children (33.33%), and 44 Germany Ho, Wan Ching School of Computer psychological wellbeing. urban children (48.89%). The analysis of variance Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United shows significant differences between the four Kingdom Schaub, Harald Human Sciences, University The comparison of dysfunctional thoughts and groups analized (One way ANOVA F (8.048) of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany Lim, Mei Yii School social adjustment among infertile employed and p,=0.000). Discussion realized on the terms of of Mathematical and Com, Heriot-Watt University, unemployed women in Iran the social context, of the characteristics of each Edinburgh, Germany Fatemi, Azadeh Sadat family counseling, Welfare and population and the intellectual development. The presented work aims at enhancing an existing Rehabilitation Uni, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran agent architecture with a set of basic needs in order In this research the effects of occupation on A comparison of family content and processes of to reflect personality differences on the level of dysfunctional thoughts and social adjustment families with and without handicapped children autonomous agent behaviour. The model is im- among infertile women were explored. We chose Fooladchang, Mahboobe Dept. Educational plemented and evaluated in the context of a virtual 240 infertile women utilizing cluster random sam- Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic learning application (‘‘ORIENT’’) for small groups pling method. Women filled dysfunctional thoughts Republic of Iran Zakerian, Mojtaba Dept of of users (teenagers), providing them with the and social adjustment questionnaires. MANOVA Exceptional Children, Shiraz University, Shiraz, opportunity to learn about commonalities and analysis was performed to analyze data. Results Islamic Republic of Iran demonstrate that dysfunctional thoughts in infertile differences between cultures, about reasons for The aim of this study was to compare family unemployed women were far more than those in content and processes of Iranian families with and intercultural and interpersonal conflicts and how employed women. Also social adjustment in in- to resolve them, and thus enhancing their inter- without handicapped children. 120 families (27 fertile women with occupation was more than those families with handicapped & 93 families without cultural sensitivity. Moreover, the evaluation fo- without occupation (F=42.9, P,0.01). Occupation handicapped children) responded to the scales of cuses on the cooperative learning process while status of infertile employed women in interaction Family Content and Processes. The results of One- interacting with the software. with their education, affects rate of dysfunctional way ANOVA revealed that families with handi- thoughts (F=5.5, P,0.01), whereas it does not have capped children scored significantly lower than significant effect on social adjustment. Love styles and relationship longevity families without handicapped children on family Erwin, Philip Social and Psycholog. Science, Edge Hill processes. For family content, the results were the University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom The pride of Chinese urban poverty adolescents same as family processes. Overall, this study Objective: to examine the relationship between love Feng, Xiaohang Chang Chun, People’s Republic of showed the effects of the presence of handicapped styles and the longevity of romantic relationships. China Zhang, Xiangkui Psychology Department, children on family content and processes. Key- Method: 82 participants provided details of their Research Center of Child Devel, Chang Chun City, words: family processes, family content, handi- capped children’s family, handicapped children. current personal relationships and completed the People’s Republic of China Abstract: Objectives This study aims to explore the Hendrick et al. (1998) Love Attitudes Scale. Partial feeling of pride and the other related factors about EEG alpha oscillations and object recognition correlations, controlling for age, showed that the Chinese urban poverty adolescents.Methods Freunberger, Roman Department of Psychology, relationship longevity was correlated with scores 400 Chinese urban poverty students and 334 urban University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Klimesch, on the Pragma love style for males (r = .37, p ,.05) common students were tested through three ques- Wolfgang Department of Psychology, University of and the Mania love style for females (r = -.29, p ,. tionaries. Analysis of variance and stepwise regres- Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria 05). Conclusions: The results will be interpreted sion were adopted. Results The experiencing level In the present study, we investigate the role of with reference to existing literature on gender on pride of urban poverty adolescents was lower than urban common adolescents. Regression ana- upper alpha oscillations for semantic access and differences in styles of interaction and behaviour retrieval processes. Subjects were presented trains of in close romantic relationships. lysis showed that global self-esteem, academic self- esteem and social self-esteem played significant distorted pictures (with decreasing levels of distor- prediction effects on pride. Conclusions The posi- tion), and were asked to respond as quickly as Psychological Obstacles’ contributing to tive emotions such as pride can improve the possible when they recognize the meaning of the recruiting female employees into managerial development of mental healthy of Chinese urban picture. Preliminary results show that during the positions at companies affiliated to Energy poverty adolescents. time window of picture recognition, upper alpha Ministry of Iran power decreased but inter-areal phase synchroniza- Esbati, Zinat Psychology and Education, Tehran tion increased as compared to meaningless control University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran The dyadic regulation of closeness and pictures. We assume that synchronous alpha Gharavian, Ahmad Human Resource Development, reciprocity in couples living in different family oscillations might reflect topographically specific Energy ministry, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran types neural network activity that is related to the access Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 The purpose of present research was to ascertain Flaig, Katherina Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, of semantic information in LTM. the most important psychological and sociological Berlin, Germany Neyer, Franz J. Perso¨ nlichkeitspsychologie, Universita¨ t Potsdam, obstacles contributing to recruiting women employ- Potsdam, Germany Wrzus, Cornelia Mental disease perception for psychotic patient ees in managerial position in companies affiliated to Perso¨ nlichkeitspsychologie, Universita¨ t Potsdam, families Energy Ministry (EM) of Iran. 1180 female employ- Potsdam, Germany Frischenbruder, Sandra Servico Psicologia - Clinica, ees and 171 men managers from companies Marital relationships in middle adulthood provide a Feevale - UFRGS, Poa, Brazil affiliated to EM completed Women Employees basis for differential parental care and mutual Objective In Brazil, the programs regarding family Questionnaire (a=0.82), and Managers’ Question- cooperation. Longitudinal dyadic approaches were support in public mental health services are not naire (a=0.92). The results indicated that women’ used in this research to investigate the dynamics of enough to provided information and emotional level of being extrovert and achievement motivation interdependence between spouses from traditional support. The study investigated the conceptions and the meanings about the mental disorder of the were low. The results also revealed managers’ families, patchwork-families, motivated childless and involuntary childless couples. The 171 couples parents of patients with psychosis. METHOD This negative attitude toward women’ power at work, were studied twice over a 12 months interval. Due was a qualitative, descriptive study. The content of and their positive attitude toward traditional roles to diverging necessity of cooperation and parental semi-structured interviews was interpreted in psy- discrimination between men and women. The level care the dyads showed differential relationship choanalytic perspective. RESULTS: The results of being extrovert and achievement motivation patterns, with couples in patchwork-families show- revealed that the family conception about the could be interpreted in terms of sociological ing the highest levels of interdependence in emo- mental disease is related to a problem of social obstacles. tional closeness and reciprocity. and the synonym of incapacity. The cure concep- 452 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

tion is related to the recovery of productive abilities Three-hundred- thirteen subjects with a history of ness provoked more negative connotations of and the remission symptoms. traumatic experience were interviewed (1) to explore authority, control, and oppression. In comparison the contribution of PTSD symptoms in the predic- to American studies, French Canadians make a tion of physical health and pain diagnosis and (2) to clearer distinction between their experience of a Color activation of non color words through test the hypothesis that depression mediates the personal spirituality and the ‘‘man-made’’ laws of Spanish idiomatic expressions relationship between PTSD symptoms and physical Fuentes, Luis Jose Murcia, Spain Bretones, Carmen health, likewise the relationship between PTSD religions. Filologı´a Inglesa y Alemana, Universidad de Almerı´a, symptoms and pain diagnosis. Regression analysis Almerı´a, Spain showed that, after controlling for depression, only The effect of age, gender and education on the Perceptual symbol systems predict that perceptual hyperarousal symptoms predicted physical health. attitude of ethnicity in Golestan Province, Iran information is represented in language comprehen- Mediation analysis indicated that hyperarousal was sion. When referents change, their representations Ganji Jamehshoorani, Ghorbanali Humanity, Islamic directly and indirectly (through depression) related Azad University, Azadshahr, Islamic Republic of Iran are affected accordingly. Here we extended the with physical health. The effects of PTSD symp- predictions of the perceptual symbol hypothesis to Ganji, Mohamad Reza Humanity, Islamic Azad toms on pain diagnosis were fully mediated by University, Azadshahr, Islamic Republic of Iran linguistic material whose referents do not have depression. These results support the suggestion perceptual properties in real world but they do The main objective in this paper was to study the that in its relation with PTSD, pain seems different effect of age, gender, and education on the attitude through association with idiomatic expressions. We from other health outcomes. used a Stroop-like task in which target words that of these ethnics towards one another. Distribution were indirectly associated to colors (e.g., royalty is Tables, Chi-Square, and Z-Test were analytical blue because its association with ‘‘blue blood’’), The effects of supervisor – subordinate tools in this paper. Cluster sampling and Cochran appeared in congruent or incongruent colors. personality similarity and role behavior on team formula were employed in the selection of sample performance Results showed Stroop interference effects, support- and sample size for each ethnic group Major Gabrane, Liva Dept. of Psychology, University of ing the perceptual symbol account and extending it conclusions reached are as follow: 1) Age does not to representation of idiomatic language Latvia, Riga, Latvia Aims of the study are, to examine the effect of pose statistically significant effect on the attitude of supervisor – subordinate personality trait similarity ethnics towards one another. 2) Neither gender nor How do players decide rational strategies in and complementarity on team performance and education exerts statistically significant influence on actual games? test, whether role behavior mediates the relation- the ethnic attitudinal changes towards one another. Fukuda, Ichiro Faculty of Business Administra, ship between supervisor - subordinate personality Setsunan university, Neyagawa, Japan Shimizu, Jun similarity and team performance in client service Department of Psychology, Konan Women’s teams within a finance organization. The measures: Relations between interparental discord, university, kobe, Japan Yamamoto, Masayo Faculty NEO PI-R for personality traits, SYMLOG Ad- problem behaviors and peer adaptation in school of Human studies, Jin-ai university, takefu, Japan jective Rating Form for role behavior and organi- of 7-year-old Chinese children Monden, Kotaro Faculty of Industrial Society, zational performance criteria for team performance. Gao, Wen Psychology School, Beijing Normal Ritsumeikan university, kyoto, Japan Statistical method: multilevel regression analysis. University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Chen, We conducted two-person zero sum games which Expected results: team performance can be pre- Hui-chang Psychology School, Beijing Normal have different equilibriums and mixed strategies to dicted by supervisor – subordinate complementarity University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China explain how players decide their strategies, and to on extraversion and similarity on conscienscious- Few researches pay attention to occasional, mod- examine psychological effects of minimax and ness, agreeableness and neuroticism. Roles mediate erate interparental discord’s influences on children maximin strategies. Method: College students the relationship between personality and team in average families. In a longitudinal study to a (N=352) were divided into two groups and played performance. higher-income sample of China’s urban children different games 30 times. Result: Players planned from 1995, 103 children’s problem behaviors, peer on using maximin strategies, not minimax strate- adaptation in school and parental disagreements gies, as expected according to game theories. Family context and the development of theory of were investigated when they were 7 years old, Conclusion: Minimax strategies are difficult to use mind in a sample of 5-year-old children from the because they depend on the opponent’s payoff. The Basque country separately based on parents’ and teachers’ reports students seemed to be in conflict about using Galende, Nuria Basic Psychological Processes, on scales. Although less frequent and intense maximax and minimax strategies, and to hesitate Basque Country University, San Sebastia´ n, Spain interparental discord in average families predicted in changing their strategies while playing games. Sa´ nchez de Miguel, Manuel Basic Psychological children’s internalizing and physical problems, it Processes, Basque Country University, San Sebastia´n, didn’t predict children’s externalizing problems and Spain Arranz Freijo, Enrique Basic Psychological had positive relations with peer adaptation in The relationship between Mobile phone mail and Processes, Basque Country University, San Sebastia´n, cognition of interpersonal relationship-Perceived Spain school. These could be explained by children’s social support as a mediator- The objective of this study was to analyse the limited cognition ability and specific content of Furutani, Kaichiro Social and Clinical psycholofy, influence of family context in the development of 50 interparental disagreement, and provide some im- Hijiyama University, Hiroshima, Japan Nishimura, preschoolers Theory of Mind (ToM). Data were plications for family intervention and peer adjust- Takashi Dep.of Clinical psychology, Hiroshima collected through interviews with children in the ment. International univ., Higahihiroshima, Japan school, interviews with parents, systematic observa- In this research, we considered the relationship tion at home and questionnaires filled in by parents between Mobile phone mail use and cognition of and tutors. Results show a significant relationship Jealousy, relationship and infidelity: Modulated interpersonal relationship by mediate factor social between family context variables and performance variable support. Scholar discussed relationship of inter- in ToM tasks. These results have important Garcı´a Leiva, Patricia Psicologı´a Social, Uniservidad personal relationship and mobile phone use (e. g., educative implications, as far as family context de Ma´ laga, Ma´ laga, Spain Canto, Jesu´s Psicologı´a Furutani & Sakata, 2006). Furutani and Sakata can be improved through intervention. Social, Uniservidad de Ma´ laga, Ma´ laga, Spain (2006) showed mobile phone use was correlated Go´ mez-Jacinto, Luis Psicologı´a Social, Uniservidad Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 fulfillment of interpersonal relationship. We fo- de Ma´ laga, Ma´ laga, Spain cused on three interpersonal cognition elements Stepping out of an American context: Defining This study aims the understanding of differences (fulfillment, intimacy and trust) and cognition of spirituality and religiousness from a French between woman and men in situations of hypo- Canadian perspective received social support as mediate factor. A pass thetic infidelity (emotional or sexual) and how this Gall, Terry Lynn Faculty of Human Sciences, Saint analysis showed that Mobile phone mail use emotion is influenced by characteristics envolved in intimacy and social support directly. And, Cogni- Paul University, Ottawa, Canada Malette, Judith Faculty of Human Sciences, Saint Paul University, couple relationship. 372 subjects choose which of tion of received social support mediated Mobile two possible infidelity situations causes a larger phone use and fulfillment and trust. Ottawa, Canada Guirguis Younger, Manal Faculty of Human Sciences, Saint Paul University, Ottawa, emotional distress. They have completed a ques- Canada tionnaire about theirs relationships characteristics Relationship between PTSD symptoms, physical This qualitative study explored 25 French Cana- too. The data show that women experienced a health and pain diagnosis: The role of dians’ definitions of spirituality and religiousness. higher intensity of emotional distress when they hyperarousal symptoms and depression Spirituality was defined in more positive, personal, think about the emotional and sexual infidelity. The Go´ mez Pe´ rez, Lydia Personalidad, Evaluac. y Trab., ‘‘secular’’ humanistic terms that encompassed 5 results also revealed that both men and women are Universidad de Ma´ laga, Ma´ laga, Spain Flor, Herta themes: connection to God, guide to life, meaning, Department of Clinical and Cog, University of sense of self and sense of universality. Religiousness more worried about emotional infidelity, although Heidelberg, Cent, Mannheim, Germany Wessa, was narrowly confined to three aspects of organized these results are modulated by relationships char- Micha`le Department of Clinical and Cog, University of religion: adherence to a religion, the use of religious acteristics. Keywords: jealousy, emotional infide- Heidelberg, Cent, Mannheim, Germany gestures and connection to God. As such, religious- lity, sexual infidelity, emotions Wednesday 23rd July 2008 453

The measurement of drivers’ mental workload test for maximal knowledge assessment. Thus, it is The book as mediator in the study of insult: A and physiological state: A simulation-based generally important to consider the verbal recall Mexican experience study mode in exams and knowledge assessment contexts. Guerra, Elida Psychology, UAQ, Queretaro, Mexico Ge, Yan Institute of Psychology,CAS, Beijing, People’s This article suggests an empirical approach to raise Republic of China Zhang, Kan Psychology, Institute of awareness of the problem of bullying at schools Dietary restraint, eating behaviour and food Psychology,CAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China through the use of disturbed readings. A children’s palatability: Implications for binge eaters The purpose of this study was explored the tale, a wooden boy who mutilate himself in order to Griffin, Tara Toormina, Australia Provost, Stephen probability of using physiological indices as feed- be accepted by others, encouraged children and Psychology, Southern Cross University, Toormina, back of different driving conditions. 43 drivers teenagers from 6 to 14 years old to talk about the Australia completed a simulated car-following task which was pressure to conform an ‘‘ideal’’ identity. Our 200 non-diabetic participants’ (26-30 yrs, SD = used to evaluate how a secondary task affected their findings showed that whereas insults received inside 2.10; 59 male & 137 female) dietary restraint and response to a periodically braking lead vehicle. A family hurt children the most, insults between peers food palatabilty was measured by the Restraint baseline condition with no secondary task was regarding to physical characteristics and those Scale (Herman & Polivy, 1975), Three-Factor compared to a simple and a complex secondary task made by teachers about students intelligence and conditions. The results showed some physiological Eating Questionnaire (Westenhoefer et al., 1994) and the Food Palatability Questionnaire (Griffin, attitudes, force individuals to change themselves in indices (HRV and HR) reflected drivers’ conditions. order to conform. Subjective workload ratings also indicated second- 2006). It was expected that people high in dietary ary task introduced a significant cognitive load. restraint will have a greater finickiness to unpala- This study provided support for developing devices table food types, compared to low restrained eaters. Structure and measurement of Taoist personality monitoring drivers’ physiological and psychological The main findings from a factor analysis, were that Guo, Yongyu School of Psychology, Huazhong conditions. they did not differ in the liking for the six food Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of types, but between certain individual foods from a China range of the taste types. This study proposed Taoist Personality, and Effects of chromatic distributions and pedestal explored the correlation between Taoist personality contrast on chromatic discrimination and well-being. College students were invited to Giesel, Martin Inst. fu¨ r Allg. Psychologie, Universita¨t Desirable leadership behaviours in Romanian gendarmerie grade five Taoists’ characters on the revised Gießen, Gießen, Germany Hansen, Thorsten General personality adjective scale, and six dimensions of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Grigoras, Mihaela Centr. for Psychosociology, Ministry of Interior, Bucharest, Romania Taoist Personality were found through exploratory Germany Gegenfurtner, Karl Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, factor analysis. Then, Taoist Personality Inventory Universita¨ t Gießen, Gießen, Germany The rationale of this paper was to identify perceptions of successful leadership behaviours in was compiled to further explore the structure of We investigated the interplay between the effects of Taoists’ typical personality. The inventory has 25 chromatic distributions and adaptation on chro- Romanian Gendarmerie, given the specific of the organization and the kind of service provided. The items scattered on the six factors named as wisdom, matic discrimination thresholds. Using a four- charity, maturation, sturdiness, straightforwardness alternative forced-choice procedure increment and study reports and compares preferred leadership and glamour. Multiple regression analysis showed a decrement threshold vs. contrast curves were traits and traits actual exhibited by leaders in a relatively high correlation between Taoist person- measured for various pedestals along one test Gendarmerie unit, as defined by responses to the ality and well-being. Sturdiness and straightfor- direction in DKL color space. The stimuli were Leader Behaviour Description Questionnaire XII wardness were shown to directly affect well-being. either homogeneously colored disks, or stimuli (Stogdill, 1963). The sample consisted of 96 whose chromaticities were modulated along the test commissioned and non-commissioned officers. direction symmetrically around the mean chroma- Factor scores showed significant differences Teacher leadership and attitude toward ticity of the pedestal. The results indicate that the (p,0.01) between preferred and actual leader education reform in Indonesia effects of the pedestals and of the chromatic behaviours, except for scales Role Assumption Hadjam, M. Noor Rochman Psychology, Gadjah Mada distributions are additive. We show that a model and Production Emphasis. Results indicate that University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Widhiarso, Wahyu with multiple higher level chromatic mechanisms Gendarmerie leaders are not perceived as generally Psychology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, can describe the data well. exhibiting desired behaviours and can be used in Indonesia leadership training. Teachers become more aware of and concerned Guilty, altruism and self-esteem in the helping about school-wide issues. They discuss possible behavior Behavioral strategy at divorce solutions and act to make changes. All of these Goncalves, Gabriela Psicologia, Universidade do Grishunina, Elena Moscow, Russia behaviors where teachers are going above are forms Algarve, Faro, Portugal Santos, Joana Psicologia, The goal - gender features of behavior at divorce, of leadership. Leadership, then, does not only refer Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal Gomes, distinctions of strategies divorce initiator. Methods to administration. This study was conducted to Alexandra Psicologia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, - the phenomenological analysis of personality- investigate relationship between leadership charac- Portugal Viegas, Me´ lanie Psicologia, Universidade do situational interaction, the interviewing, the con- teristics and attitude toward change within context Algarve, Faro, Portugal Boeiro, Helena Psicologia, tent-analysis, the correlation analysis. The exam- education reform. A data was collected to 180 Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal inees: 105 clients of Hot line «Divorce» and medical teachers from 45 province in Indonesia. Research This study intended to observe if the manipulation centers‘. Results (statistically significant, p,0,01) - suggest that leadership had an effect on the teacher of guilt has an effect on helping behaviour. It was the behavior of divorces initiators’ differs in positive attitude toward education reform and their also our interest to observe if the level of altruism stability more often, consciousness of behavior is commitment to professional learning community. and the state self-esteem have an effect in helping extremely high; men’s strategy are socially compre- hensible (acceptable), however they are not aimed behaviour. It was congregated a sample of 136 Religious coping and adjustment to stressful life at core of situation, they estimate own behavior as participants. It was used the self report altruism events habitual. While women unstable strategy, the range scale, a task and the state self-esteem scale. The Hagemann, Tim Fachhochschule der Diakonie, of activity is small. results allowed us the observation of an effect of Bielefeld, Germany Caston, A. T. Department of guilt in helping behaviour. Likewise, the female

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, USA participants were the one’s that helped more. We Anorexia and bulimia nervosa in Mexican high Shallcross, A. J. Department of Psychology, observed also meaningful differences at the altruism school students University of Denver, Denver, USA Mauss, I. B. level in state self-esteem. Guadarrama, Rodalinda CU UAEM Temascaltepec, Department of Psychology, University of Denver, UAEM, Tejupilco, Mexico Denver, USA The writing superiority effect: Advantages of The objetive was to determine the anorexia and The study was designed to test the hypothesis that written knowledge recall bulimia nervosa that are present in highschool religious coping is associated with positive adjust- Grabowski, Joachim Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Pa¨dagog. students, so that, it was worked with the whole ment to stressful live events (SLE). Eighty females Hochschule Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany population. These were 316 people, both sex, of aged 18-60 who had recently experienced SLE The writing superiority effect says that knowledge Mexico. The instruments: the Bulit Test, wich is (divorce, illness, or death of a relative) took part in diagnosis has higher content validity in the written used to detect bulimia’s symptomatology. And the the study. Participants completed several question- than in the oral recall mode. We report on two Eating Attitudes Test, wich is used to detect naires, including impact of recent SLEs, depressive experiments demonstrating the effect’s range and anorexia’s symptoms. The results show that a symptoms, affective states, and religious coping. strength. A group of high-performing, highly considerable percentage of 17% from population Results indicate that religious coping has a protec- selected air-force candidates recalled the states of presented eating disorders symptoms, predominat- tive effect on self-reported depressive symptoms the U.S.A., a group of students recalled Germany’s ing anorexia. This facts allows to conclude that due and on affective states in the aftermath of SLEs, national holidays either orally or written. In both the expose in the literature, a considerable percen- such that no religious coping was associated with studies, written recall was superior (ANOVA; p , taje of teenagers from exterios zones to the large lower well-being than all other levels of religious .05) to oral recall, compared to a cued-recall post- cities are beging prone to these kind of disorders. coping 454 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

A longitudinal study for adolescents’ parent- Music improves sleep quality This four factorial structure was replicated with oriented self construal in China Harmat, Laszlo Institute of Behavior Sciences, samples from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Greece, Haimei, Wang Center for Deaf Children, China Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Taka´ cs, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain and Turkey. Scales Rehabilitation Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of Johanna Institute of Behavior Sciences, Semmelweis based on the four factorial structure of relationship China University, Budapest, Hungary Bo´ dizs, Ro´ bert quality showed satisfactory reliability. Hasseb- 354 junior-high-school students in grade 7 (171 Institute of Behavior Sciences, Semmelweis rauck, M. (1997). Cognitions of relationship male and 183 female) as the subjects were selected University, Budapest, Hungary quality: A prototype analysis of their structure from two high schools in Beijing. Three waves tests Objectives: Investigation of the effects of relaxing and consequences. Personal Relationships, 4, 163- have been taken in one year longitudinal study classical music on students’ sleep quality. Methods: 185. which included a series tests for the students and We used a three group repeated measures design. 94 their teachers. Results: (1)Both the parent-oriented students (ages 19-28) with sleep complaints. Parti- self-construal have the ascend trend from grade 7 to cipants listened to classical music or audiobook at The exploratory study on the assessment of the grade 8. (2)There was no significant difference bedtime for 3 weeks. In the control group there was facilities in a Japanese campus between boys and girls in the two kinds of students’ no intervention. Sleep quality was measured by Hatakeyama, Akifumi Psychological Sciences, Health self-construal. (3)The developmental trend of dif- Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Results: Repeated Science Univ. of Hokkai, Sapporo, Japan ferent parent-oriented self-construal levels’ students measures ANOVA revealed a main effect of This study deals with the exploratory investigation are different, which the high level group was GROUPS (P=0N0028) and TIME (P,0N0001). on the assessment of the facilities in a Japanese ascending, the low level group was descending, There was an interaction between TIME and university campus. The subjects were consisted of and the middle level group keep stable develop- GROUPS (P,0N0001). Post-hoc Bonferroni-test undergraduate students. At first, they were required ment. showed that music significantly improved sleep to discuss and give the items they thought they were quality (P,0N0001). Conclusion: Classical music is necessary to use the facilities in the campus. After useful intervention for sleeping problems. that, they strolled around the inside of their own How can justice conflicts be deescalated? campus, and assessed it in reference to the given Evaluation of two intervention techniques items in their discussion. The main results showed Halmburger, Anna Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, University Predictors of BII fears in people receiving that the students were highly assessed them, because Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany Baumert, Anna intravenous chemotherapy they liked their university itself. Base upon the Psychology, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Harris, Lynne Dept. of Health Sciences, University of results, how and why they attached it were Germany Nazlic, Tanja Psychology, Ludwig- Sydney, Sydney, Australia Jones, Mairwen Faculty of discussed. Maximilians University, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Schmitt, Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Manfred Psychology, University Koblenz-Landau, Australia Catherine, Carey NCHECR, University of Landau, Germany New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Silence within dyadic conversations and We evaluated two intervention techniques for Objectives: Previous findings concerning predictors interpersonal affect deescalating social conflict: In a conflict about the of BII concerns have come from student samples Hatanaka, Miho Tsukuba, Japan distribution of tuition fees among two university and samples undergoing single blood draws. This Relationships between silence within conversations faculties, general empathy induction was compared study extended this work to examine predictors of and interpersonal affect were investigated. In a with a specific justice intervention aiming at BII concerns among outpatients receiving che- questionnaire study, 214 undergraduates reported reducing feelings of injustice. Ninety students filled motherapy. Method: Outpatients receiving che- affects in three conversational settings. Results in questionnaires on how their tuition fees should motherapy for cancer (n=187) completed a indicated that when the relationship with the be used. Mediated by decreased anger, general and questionnaire. Results: Fifteen percent had scores partner was close, silence was not rated negatively. specific intervention increased the willingness to on the Mutilation Questionnaire comparable to However, when the relationship was not close, in share tuition fees with the other faculty. After samples with BII phobia. The predictors of BII response to silence the participants reported more empathy induction, participants perceived the concerns in this sample were consistent with those embarrassment when the conversational partner request to keep tuition fees for the own faculty as from general population samples and from samples was more attractive, whereas they reported more more unjust while after specific intervention, with BII phobia. Conclusions: The findings have apathy and irritation when the conversational participants perceived the requests of both faculties implications for understanding and reducing dis- partner was less attractive. These results suggest as equally justified. tress associated with provision of necessary care in that the effect of silence within a conversation on oncology settings. interpersonal affect is different according to the relationship between the conversational partners. The effect of abacus and mental arthimetic on intelligence development among primary school The influence of self-esteem on psychological pupils in Khartoum state distance between self and other The effects of cognitions of joking relationship on Hamza, Alya Faculty of Arts- Psychology, khartoum Hasegawa, Koji Faculty of Arts, Shinshu University, joking behaviors to friend University, khartoum, Sudan Matsumoto, Japan Hayama, Daichi Dept. of Psychology, University of This study aimed at examining the effect of abacus Sociometer theory suggests that self-esteem func- Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan training and mental arithmetic on intelligence tions as a monitor of social acceptance. According The purpose of this study was to examine whether development among primary school pupils in to this theory, we predicted that low self-esteems cognitions of joking relationship affect joking Khartoum State. The sample comprised (3085) would percept the psychological distance between behaviors. undergraduates (n = 208) were examined pupils both males and females. The number of self and one’s friend more far than high self- (a) difference in their joking behaviors between the control group is (1144).Experimental (1) (593) and esteems. 183 undergraduates participated in the best friend and an ordinary friend, and (b) the effect experimental (2) (1340). The researcher used the investigation. The results consisted with the predic- of cognitions regarding the joking relationship standard progressive matrices test designed by John tion. Moreover, low self-esteems suffered from the (understanding the friend and being accepted by Raven. The study revealed that the controlled dilemmas that they didn’t want to approach (or the friend) on joking behaviors. Results indicated group obtained in pre test (16.84) and (19.84) in part) too much though they wanted to approach (or that participants significantly more used aggressive post test. Experimental group (1) (33.54) in the post part) their friend. To resolve the dilemmas, low self- jokes with the best friend. furthermore, the sense of test. While experimental group (2) obtained (16.89) esteems wanted to reassure whether their friend being accepted by a normal friend promoted Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 in pre test and (25.05) in the post test. accepted them, but they had frozen to worry about aggressive jokes, whereas the sense of being evaluation from their friend. accepted by the best friend reduced the need for other-enhancing jokes. Nonverbal responses to the restriction on moving hands Dimensions of relationship quality: An Hanaya, Michiko Dept. of Education, Hirosaki international comparison Patients’ personality and spouses’ ways of giving University, Hirosaki, Japan Hassebrauck, Manfred Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, support: which contributes more to the recovery In this study, each of 10 subjects, 20-21 years old Universita¨ t Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany Fehr, after first Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)? female students, was told to talk with a female Beverley Department of Psychology, University of Haze-Filderman, Liat Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, student who was quite familiar. The experiment Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada Schwarz, Sascha Social Ramat-Gan, Israel Vilchinsky, Noa Bar-Ilan University, consisted of two parts. On one part, they talked as Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Ramat-Gan, Israel Leibowitz, Morton Cardiology, usual, and on the other part, the subject’s move- Germany Meir Medical center, Kefar Saba, Israel Reges, Orna ments of the hands were limited. Their movements Based on the prototype of relationship quality Cardiology, Meir Medical Center, Kefar Saba, Israel of the head, arms, legs, eyelids, gaze directions, etc. (Hassebrauck, 1997) we examined the dimensions Khaskia, Abid CARDIOLOGY, MEIR MEDICAL were tape-recorded for 3 minutes in each condition. of relationship quality. In a first study with a CENTER, KEFAR SABA, Israel Bental, Tamir The record was analyzed and revealed that the German sample based on a principle components cardiology, Meir medical center, kefar saba, Israel duration of head movements and the number of analysis, four dimensions – Intimacy, Agreement, Mosseri, Morris CARDIOLOGY, MEIR MEDICAL blinks increased as the movements of the hands Independence, and Sexuality – underlying the CENTER, Ramat-Gan, Israel David, Daniel Sackler were limited. prototype of relationship quality were identified. Medical school, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Wednesday 23rd July 2008 455

Objective: to explore the interaction, between the for the specification of cognitive models (e.g., of ences between the groups concerning trust in spouses’ ways of giving support and the patients’ language production). oneself and hopelessness. Patients with somato- attachment style, to recovery outcomes six months forme disorders showed significantly higher trust in after first ACS. Method: 77 patients and spouses Cognitve processes underlying simple heuristics: themselves than depressive patients. Patients with completed the Ways of Giving Support Question- The recognition and the fluency heuristic personality disorders got significantly higher scores naire and the Experiences in Close Relationships Heister, Julian Berlin, Germany Marewski, Julian in hopelessness compared to other mental disorders. scale during hospitalization. Outcomes measured at ABC, MPIB Berlin, berlin, Germany Practical implications of these findings for ther- six months were: depression, anxiety, BMI, blood The recognition heuristic and the fluency heuristic apeutic processes are discussed. lipids, Hs-CRP, smoking, rehabilitation attendance are prime examples of simple heuristics for infer- and resuming work Results: Active engagement ential judgments. Inferences are based solely on predicted decrease in patients’ BMI and Over- Bad decisions in Blackjack activate anterior recognition and processing fluency, respectively. protectiveness predicted non attendance in rehabi- cingulate cortex. Even though these heuristics have stirred a lot of litation programs. Ten significant interactions were Hewig, Johannes Biological and Clinical Psych., research examining the conditions under which they found. Conclusions: The interpersonal dynamics Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany Straube, are employed, surprisingly, until today the lower determining appropriate behavior following a Thomas Biological and Clinical Psych., Friedrich- level cognitive processes involved in their use are medical crisis are complex Schiller-University, Jena, Germany Trippe, Ralf H unexplored. Combining eye movement data with Biological and Clinical Psych., Friedrich-Schiller- reaction time data and outcome measures, we University, Jena, Germany Hecht, Holger Biological examine these processes. In particular, we compare The animate/inanimate distinction in visuomotor and Clinical Psych., Friedrich-Schiller-University, situations in which people are instructed to coordination Jena, Germany Kretschmer, Nora Biological and consciously apply the heuristics to situations with- Hegele, Mathias Bewegungskoordination, Insitut fu¨r Clinical Psych., Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, out explicit instructions about strategy use. Arbeitsphysiologie, Dortmund, Germany Heuer, Germany Miltner, Wolfgang H R Biological and Herbert Movement coordination, Insitut f. Clinical Psych., Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Arbeitsphysiologie, Dortmund, Germany Identity styles, commitment, and religiosty Germany The present experiment aimed to elucidate some of among moslems students Recently we reported on medial frontal negativities the conditions that trigger the action observation- Hejazi Moughari, Elaheh Educational Psychology, in the event related potentials in response to execution system when humans coordinate their University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran negative outcomes in a computer version of Black- actions with objects in their environment. Subjects The purpose of this study was to investigate the jack. The present study examined decision making performed sinusoidal movements in temporal syn- relationship between identity styles (information, in Blackjack using functional magnetic resonance chrony with a human model or a dot moving in the Normative, Diffuse/avoidance), identity commit- imaging. 17 participants had to decide at a certain same (congruent) or the orthogonal (incongruent) ment and religiosity (orthodoxy, external critique, point score whether to take another card or not at direction presented as static postures or dynamic relativism, second naivete´). For this, reason 419 different degrees of risk (13-18 points). Participants displays of continuous motion. Results revealed Moslems first and second year undergraduate visuomotor interference for simultaneously obser- had to get closer to 21 than a computer opponent, students were chosen randomly. 2 questionnaires and had to avoid getting over 21 points. The ving a human incongruent action, but only for were administrated :ISI(identity style inventory, continuous motion displays. Thus, it seems that participants showed increased activity in the ante- Berzonsky,1992)and PCBS(post- critical belief, rior cingulate cortex after taking a decision which movement information is required to be present in Duriez, and al,2000). For analyzing the data, was extremely risky or extremely cautious. order to trigger specific interference effects related multivariate regression was used. The result in- to the animate/inanimate distinction. dicated that: identity styles were able to predict the religiosity, commitment had a significant relation Ethnography of science cafe: A function of a The effects of marriage preparation program on with orthodoxy, external critique and relativism facilitator in the communication between changing beliefs about spouses and nonsignificant with second naivete´. scientists and citizens Heidari, Mahmood Psychology and Education, Shahid Hidaka, Tomo Dept. of Literature, Ritsumeikan Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran On the influence of intention-based and stimulus- University, Kyoto, Japan Mazaheri, Mohammad A. Psychology & Education, based actions on action-effect associations In this study I focused on the communication Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic Herwig, Arvid Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max-Planck- between scientists and citizens in Science Cafe. of Iran Institut CBS, Leipzig, Germany Prinz, Wolfgang Discourse of the people in the field was analyzed. This study aims to evaluate the effects of educating Psychology, Max Planck Institute CBS, Leipzig, By using the KJ method and discourse analysis, the cognitive skills of marital life in changing the Germany Waszak, Florian Psychologie de la result was summarized into the following point. relationship beliefs of the university students. A Perception, Universite´ Paris Descartes, Paris, France Citizens can hold a conversation with scientists sample of 16 Males and 36 femails approaching to Humans either carry out actions to produce effects more actively when a facilitator is there. The get married recruited from an established marriage in the environment (intention-based) or to accom- facilitator supports the conversation by "correcting" preparation program at the Family Research modate to environmental demands (stimulus- the words of the citizens. Knowledge difference Institute. All filled a battery of questionnaires at based). Until now, little is known about the between scientists and citizens can be flattened by baseline and after training. It was found that functional differences between these two types of the facilitator’s support, and citizens get more irrational relationship beliefs were significantlt action. We investigated how the type of action chance to talk. This indicates the bidirectional decreased as a result of the intervention. Detailes influences the formation of short-term (assessed in a communication between professional and non- are discussed in the light of findings. prime-probe stimulus-response task) and long-term professional can be achieved by the presence of a (assessed in a separate test phase) associations facilitator. What neuroimaging can tell us about cognition: between actions and their auditory effects. Whereas short-term bindings occurred for both types of fMRI reveals access to syntactic gender Processing and weighting of information information in German bare noun production action, long-term action-effect learning was ob- served only for intention-based actions. The find- affecting escalation of commitment Heim, Stefan INB3 - Medizin, Forschungszentrum ings suggest that intention-based and stimulus- Hiemisch, Anette Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Ju¨ lich, Ju¨ lich, Germany Eickhoff, Simon B. INB3 - based actions are accompanied by different types Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Schelske, Stefan Medicine, Research Centre Ju¨ lich, Ju¨ lich, Germany of learning. Institut of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Friederici, Angela D. Neuropsychologie, MPI f. Greifswald, Germany Kognit.- u. Neurowiss., Leipzig, Germany Amunts, Theory clearly indicates task dimensions affecting Katrin INB3 - Medicine, Research Centre Ju¨ lich, Trias of trust in patients with mental disorders escalation of commitment However, which dimen- Ju¨ lich, Germany and its implications for the therapeutic processes sions do people spontaneously, perceive and con- Is syntactic gender information available in Ger- Hewig, Martina Inst. fu¨ r Klin. Psychologie, Universita¨t sider in realistic situations? Within a complex man bare noun production? We investigated this Trier, Trier, Germany Hank, Petra Psychologie, scenario 200 students choose a field of study, question with fMRI using gender priming during Universita¨ t Trier, Trier, Germany Krampen, Gu¨ nter overt picture naming. The speech latencies showed Klinische Psychologie, Universita¨ t Trier, Trier, received failure feedback and finally decided if they no priming effect. In contrast, fMRI revealed Germany wanted to continue. Commitment for the chosen priming in left BA 44 known to support gender Interpersonal trust, trust in oneself (i.e., self- topic, the cognitive representation of the decision processing. This priming effect in fMRI indicates efficacy) and trust in the future (i.e., hopefulness problem as well as motivational variables were that gender was available during bare noun vs. hopelessness) are the central components of the assessed. Regression analysis revealed that after production. The present study has implications for salutogenetic action-theory based "Trias of Trust controlling for commitment certain aspects of the the ongoing discussion what neuroimaging may tell Model" (TTM). The present study investigated cognitive representation (e.g. thinking about incen- us about cognition. Neuroimaging data may be characteristic patterns in the trust trias in 143 tives of termination) explained additional variance more sensitive than behavioural data and thus inpatients with distinct mental disorders. Multi- of the probability to continue. The motivational useful dependent variables providing information variate analysis methods revealed significant differ- basis for representing those aspects is discussed. 456 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Attentional capture and stimulus saliency in a and no-conflict. Although frequent risk format was or absent. This result could shed some light on the selective reaching task the most effective, its size was small. debate of cost/benefit issue. Higgins, Laura Dept. of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Welsh, Timothy Anxiety and perceptual load modulate the degree Choice deferral arising from two different types Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada of attentional resources required to process of processing The present experiment determined the relative emotional bimorphemic words Hoffrage, Ulrich HEC, University of Lausanne, influences of four different dynamic stimulus Lausanne, Switzerland White, Chris M. HEC, properties (onset, offset, blink and motion) on Ho, Ming-Chou Dept. of Psychology, Chung-Shan University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland attentional capture and movement organization. Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Yang, Nien- Reisen, Nils HEC, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Participants were required to make aiming move- Ying Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Pan, Jia-Chi Psychology, Chung- Switzerland ments to a target while ignoring a distracter that To explain why people often defer making a choice, was characterized by one of the other three stimulus Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Chen, Hui-Tzu Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, we developed the Two-Stage, Two-Threshold mod- properties. It was found that movement trajectories el. It assumes that people defer choice because no deviated towards the distracter. Importantly, move- Taichung, Taiwan Chu, Yi-Chen Psychology, Chung- Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Liu, Yi- option reaches an acceptable level of attractiveness ment deviations were only present in conditions in or because there is uncertainty regarding which which interference effects in reaction time were Ling Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Li, Shuo-Heng Psychology, Chung- option is best. Preferential choice therefore involves observed - conditions in which the distracter two stages of processing, one that computes the afforded a highly salient competing response. These Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Whether the threat stimuli (e.g., fearful face) drives absolute attractiveness of each option indepen- results have implications for current models of dently of the others, and another that computes selective reaching movements. attention involuntarily without controlled attention is a long debate. We suggest that threat detection their relative attractiveness. In our experiment, requires controlled attention and test two hypoth- participants’ self reported reasons for their deferrals Age differences of anxiety and depression in esis. First, perceptual load (e.g., Lavie, 1995) could depended on whether it was important to find the cancer patients modulate the detection of the threat stimuli best alternative, or a good alternative regardless of Hinz, Andreas Inst. fu¨ r Medizin. Psychologie, (Chinese bimorphemic words). Namely the perfor- whether it was the best. Universita¨t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Schwarz, mance of threat detection is better in low load Reinhold Dept. of Social Medicine, University of condition than in high load condition. Second, Shared representations in coacting individuals Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Krauss, Oliver Dept. of load-modulated threat detection is less effective for Holla¨ nder, Antje Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max-Planck- Social Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, individuals with high level of anxiety. In conclusion, Institut, Leipzig, Germany Prinz, Wolfgang Inst. fu¨r Germany this study shows that the selection of the threat Psychologie, Max-Planck-Institut, Leipzig, Germany The objective of this study was to investigate the stimuli requires controlled attention and anxiety Common coding theory claims that perceived prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer modulates the detection of the threat stimuli. events and planned actions share a common patients using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression representational domain. There is evidence that Scale (HADS). Participants were 1529 cancer Can attention shift between objects in a discrete these representations may be shared between self patients and 2037 persons from the German general mode? and others. Investigating task sharing is one way of population. In the cancer patients, the risk of Ho, Ming-Chou Dept. of Psychology, Chung-Shan studying real-time social interactions. In this para- psychiatric distress was nearly twice that of the digm two individuals take care of a certain aspect of general population. However, for older age groups Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Li, Shuo-Heng Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, a common task. There is evidence that although no there were only small differences between cancer interpersonal coordination is required, the task patients and the general population The results Taichung, Taiwan Hsu, Chen-Chia Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan aspect of the other agent is taken into account as show that large sample sizes are necessary to well. The present study investigates the underlying evaluate the psychological situation of cancer Kuo, Chung-Yang Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Yang, Nien-Ying neural mechanisms of co-representation in task patients, and that age and gender differences must sharing using EEG. The findings provide evidence be taken into account. Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Chen, Hsiao-Heng Psychology, that similar neural mechanisms are involved in Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan monitoring one’s own actions and the actions of Cross-modal interactions between visual As early debate regarding the mode of attentional others. brightness and image of consonants shift in space (i.e., analog vs. discrete), the mode of Hirata, Sachiko Dept. of Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin attentional shift between objects requires further Software features and their influence on University, Nishinomiya Hyogo, Japan Ukita, Jun investigation. We employed the same/different extraneous cognitive load in a comparison task Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya judgment task similar to Kwak, Dagenbach and when analysing videos for the purpose of Hyogo, Japan Egeth (1991) to examine the mode debate. Partici- learning Voiced consonants (VC) are considered to be pants judged two letters (TT, LL, or TL) that Hollender, Nina Hochschuldidakt. Arbeitsstelle, TU darker than voiceless consonants (LC). Garner’s appear briefly on two of eight outlined squares with Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany Schmitz, Bernhard speeded classification was used to test the assump- three different distances between these two squares. Hochschuldidakt. Arbeitsstelle, TU Darmstadt, tion that this effect is caused by cross-modal Result showed comparable judgment times across Darmstadt, Germany interactions between visual brightness and image three distances (a discrete mode). Further, a horse The study tested the influence of software design on of consonants. We adopted four pairs (VC and LC) racing model ensured a serial process in such task. cognitive load when classifying sequences of a video of Japanese Hiragana letters as stimuli and This study has critical implications in object-based and comparing own classifications with classifica- manipulated their colors to either white or black. attention literature. tions made by an expert. 36 students took part, with Supporting our hypothesis, results of 32 partici- one group being able to compare the classifications pants indicated significant differences between integrated within the same screen and one group congruent (VC/black, LC/white) and incongruent Object-based attention: A between-object cost or within-object benefit? having to switch between two separate screens. A (LC/black, VC/white) conditions in brightness and control group conducted no comparisons. Cogni- Ho, Ming-Chou Dept. of Psychology, Chung-Shan consonant discrimination. However, issue related to tive load was measured by subjective rating and by Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Hou, Chi- the formation of stimuli remains to be clarified. means of a secondary task. Results yielded sig- Chung Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, nificant higher cognitive load (p,0.05) for the Taichung, Taiwan Shin, Ya-Ling Psychology, Chung- separate comparison group. However, there were Effects of varied risk values in risk messages and Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Huang, no differences in the performance in a post-test. the number of sources on receivers’ response Wan-Ru Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, under ambiguity Taichung, Taiwan Kuo, Hui-Tzu Psychology, Chung- Hirota, Sumire Musashi Inst. of Technology, Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan E-accessibility for the disabled persons in Yokohama, Japan Object-based attention (OBA) is attributed to a Bangladesh This study examined how varied risk values and the between-object cost or within-object benefit. Atch- Hossain, Mahjabeen Khaled Inst Of Hazrat number of sources in risk communication influ- ley and Ho (2001) added a spatial baseline to Mohammad (SAW), Dhaka, Bangladesh enced the receivers’ response, using a 2nd order reaction time (RT)-based OBA paradigm and There is a general social stigma attached to probability model; the 1st and 2nd being risk values found that OBA is best described in terms of the disability, which is virtually inescapable for many and number of sources, respectively. College cost to switch attention between objects. The religion, society and nation. Bangladesh as a third students participated in two experiments (n = 187 accuracy (ACC) and RT measures reflect qualita- world country can not ignore this issue. Here it is and 105). Analysis performed using a general linear tively different aspects of processing, attentional estimated 3.4 million children and 10 million adults model revealed number of sources as the strongest allocation vs. decision process. By employing the living with disabilities. Disable person face a cycle factor. Persuasive effect was the largest in a low- ACC measure and the similar design to Atchley and where they become the poorest of the poor. conflict condition, where variances of risk values in Ho, we found similar patterns of attentional Providing e-accessibility should be required with messages were moderate compared to those in high- allocation on a display when objects were present the combined commitment & contribution of Wednesday 23rd July 2008 457

government, non-government & private organiza- ison occurs at 90-100ms or afterwards. We exam- might be critical to reveal attention-related mod- tions. The paper will reflect the problems encoun- ined the amplitudes of event-related potentials ulation of the ABR. tered, and the future course of action for creating (ERPs) responses to attractive and unattractive access of visually impaired persons to technologies. face images at 100ms using data collected from 33 Effects of self-consciousness and the feelings of participants. We found that the amplitudes of ERP guilty on the coping behaviors after being caught responses to attractive faces were lower than The effects of exercise on physical fitness and lying unattractive faces when social comparison was not cognitive function in elderly who need a care Imagawa, Tamio Psychology for Well-Being, Hokusei present, but higher than unattractive faces when the Hotta, Ryo Human Environmental Studies, Kyushu Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan participants compared these face images with their University, Kasuga, Japan In this study, the author examined the effects of own. We conclude that social comparison occurs at Objectives: The purpose of this study was to self-Consciousness and the feelings of guilty on the around 100ms. investigate the effect of regular exercise on physical coping behaviors which people adopted when they fitness and cognitive function in elderly who need a were caught out in a lie. Self-Consciousness, the care Methods: Subjects were 22 elderly aged 67-86 Family communication process influences feelings of guilty and the coping behaviors were years. Physical fitness was assessed by 7-item test adolescent attachment style: The moderating asked to 250 participants(86 male students and 164 battery of physical performance and cognitive effect of self-esteem female students). Results were obtained by path- function was measured by Stroop task. Data was Huang, Yunhui Dept. of Psychology, Peking analysis. The feelings of guilty contributed to analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Shi, distinguish between apologing and the other coping Results: Once a week exercise made some improve- Junqi Psychology Department, Peking University, behaviors and to distiguih among the settings. Self – ments in physical fitness and cognitive function. Beijing, People’s Republic of China Wang, Lei Consciousness contributed to distinguish among Conclusions: This study indicates that some func- Psychology Department, Peking University, Beijing, the settings. Implications of these findings in the tions of elderly can be changed by regular exercise. People’s Republic of China Self-consciousness literature were discussed. We must consider about the reason of them. The present study aimed at investigating how family communication process (including socio- Change of computer anxiety in first-year students The research of emotion: EEG activation induced orientation dimension and concept-orientation di- taking a course of informatics and computer by musical mode and tempo mension) influenced adolescent attachment style. training Hou, Jian Cheng Psychology, Lab of Cognitive Parents reported family communication process Inoue, Takeshi Cognitive Information Science, Shiga Neuroscience, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China while their adolescent children reported self-esteem University, Otsu, Japan Using Polygraph to explore the emotion induced by and attachment style. Although concept-orientation The purpose of this study was to investigate the different music patterns. Oscillations were induced was believed ‘‘better’’ than socio-orientation, results change of computer anxiety in first-year students by 6 music patterns in 20 subjects. Drew out showed that concept-orientation tended to reduce taking a course of informatics and computer appointed oscillations and analyzed through ANO- the attachment avoidance and anxiety but only in training. Two kinds of questionnaire: one is VA. The major is striking in parietal, central and high self-esteem adolescents. Socio-orientation measured for information literacy and the other frontal; minor energies are higher than major. The tended to increase attachment anxiety only in low for computer anxiety, were executed for 29 students gender in temporal is striking and males are higher self-esteem adolescents, and it even tended to in April (immediately after matriculation in a than females. Both major and gender are remark- decrease attachment avoidance in high self-esteem university), May, June, and July. The results able in parietal and central with Band band c—— adolescents. Self-esteem moderated how family showed that computer anxiety was significantly they are attributed to brain’s physiological differ- communication process influenced adolescent at- higher in April than in May, June, or July, ence between genders, meanwhile reflects the tachment style. independent of information literacy of the students. differences of information conformity. Major and This fact suggests that computer anxiety decrease gender can induce widespread oscillations during Psychological characteristics of Japanese young rapidly after students have started to learn informa- musical mental activity. workers who experienced early retirement. tion literacy. Igarashi, Atsushi Division of Career Development, Analysis on family environment of the heroin Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan Saito, Influence of state anxiety on body sway with addicts Noboru Division of Career Development, Fukushima visual target changing in size Huang, Mei Dept. of Social Science, Hainan Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Amano, Mikiko Ishida, Mitsuo Dept. of Physiology, Enviromental College, Hainan, People’s Republic of China Liu, Division of Career Development, Fukushima Sciences, Yamanashi, Japan Nagai, Masanori Yumei Dept. of Social Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Department of Physiology, Yamanashi Inst., Fuji- College, Haikou, People’s Republic of China We investigated psychological characteristics of Yoshida, Yamanashi, Japan Wada, Maki College of Objective: To evaluate family environment of the young employees who experienced early retirement. Law, Nihon University, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan heroin addicts and investigate a novel rehabilitation Participants were 756 Japanese young employees In the present experiment, relationship between the therapy in psychology and society for persons who who had graduated a university during 2003 to body sway and the degree of anxiety was explored rely on opium maternal. Methods: By using FES 2006. Over twenty percent (21.6%) of all the in 11 healthy participants while standing with a CV, a comparative study was performed on 50 participants experienced early retirement. We found visual target changing in size. The size of visual heroin addicts and 50 normal controls. The no significant relationship between the experience target continuously varied between 5.34 degree and generalized cases of dependants were investigated. of early retirement and a level of reality shock, 8 degree in visual angle with a frequency of 0.3 Hz. Results: Family environment of the heroin addicts which they faced at the workplace. Multiple Body sway recorded was analyzed by FFT analysis, was characterized by indifferent familiarization, regression analysis revealed that the person who and correlation were examined between the power cool sensibility. Conclusions: The methods of retired early had higher anxiety during their process and score of state-anxiety. The results indicated the integrated intervention on drug addicts were of deciding their jobs before their first employment, significant negative correlation (r= -0.68) between provided. and they felt higher level of ‘busyness’ about their the power of the frequency band of 0.1-0.21 Hz and jobs after the employment. the degree of anxiety in the left-right axis. When she is prettier than me: A neuro-scientific

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 evidence of social comparison Attention effects on auditory brainstem Family relationship in the rural areas of Huang, Xu Management and Marketing, Hong Kong responses during contralateral noise masking Bangladesh: A comparative study on Muslim and Polytechnic Univ., Hong Kong, China, People’s Ikeda, Kazunari CRSEP, Tokyo Gakugei University, Santal community Republic of : Hong Kong SAR Zhang, Zhijie Tokyo, Japan Sekiguchi, Takahiro Educational Islam, A.K.M. Shafiul Dept. of Sociology, Rajshahi Department of Psychology, South-West University, Psychology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh Islam, AKM Shafiul Chongqing, China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Hayashi, Akiko CRSEP, Tokyo Gakugei University, Dept. of Sociology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Yuan, Hong Department of Psychology, South-West Tokyo, Japan Bangladesh University, Chongqing, China, People’s Republic of : Attention-related modulation of auditory brainstem This study will provide a detail perspective of family Macao SAR Lam, Wing Management and Marketing, response (ABR) was determined in humans during relationship pattern between Muslim and Santal Hong Kong Polytechnic U, Hong Kong, China, continuous and contralateral masking. Employing communities, and explore the family relationship People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Xiang, Nan Public an oddball procedure, two tone pips (0.5 and 1 norms, marriage relationship and developing bond. Administration, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, China, kHz) with intensity at 80 dB SPL were delivered to This study also compares the sexual behaviour, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Wang, Yongli the left ear. Participants each conducted two tasks marriage relationship pattern and marriage role Business Management, Zhong Shang University, either ignoring sounds or attending to 1-kHz tones. relationship among these communities. Family Guangzhou, China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR When a white noise with sufficient intensity was relationship pattern depends on various influencing Social comparison can occur and influence self- continuously exposed to the right ear, significant factors in Bangladeshi culture. It will try to depict evaluations unconsciously, even based on informa- amplitude differences between the two tasks were factors which influence the relationship pattern tion received at 90-110ms after stimulus onset. found for both tones within the ABR latency. among the Muslim and Santal communities in rural However, it is not known whether social compar- Therefore, the intensity of contralateral masking Bangladesh. It’s based on a significant sample of 458 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Muslim and Santal families collected through When two individuals take care of a certain aspect Effects of task parameters on individual survey and participant-observation methods from of a common task they do not have a representation differences in pursuit tracking performance selected study areas in Bangladesh. of his/her own task alone. Recent findings show Jerneic, Zeljko Department of Psychology, University that one takes the aspects of a coacting partner’s of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Palekcic, Jasenko task into account as well. Participants were required Department of psychology, University of Zagreb, The effectiveness of listening to Al-Quran to perform symbolically cued reaching movements Zagreb, Croatia recitation to improve driver performance varying in movement amplitude. The experiment Ismail, Rozmi School of Psychology, Universiti The aim was to explore the effects of some task was conducted in a partial (single) and shared Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia parameters on individual differences in tracking (joint) condition. We predicted a disadvantage in Mohd Nor, Mohd Jailani School of Psychology, performance. 16 pursuit tracking tasks representing RT for dissimilar cued movement amplitudes in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi Selangor, all possible combinations of four task character- shared but not in the partial condition. Results are Malaysia Kurniawan, Yohan School of Psychology, istics (control dynamics, input regularity, input discussed with respect to the processes of joint Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi Selangor, form, and track preview) were selected for the action and task sharing. Malaysia experiment. Factor analysis of performance data This study aimed to asses how far listening to revealed three factors indicating that the extent of Al’Quran recitation help drivers to concentrate The role of quality social support in university correlations between tracking tasks depends on while driving a vehicle. This experiment was carried student achievement attitudes: A Chilean sample whether the input function is continuous or step out in a driving simulator where physiological Jacoby, Brian Eugene, USA McWhirter, Benedict one, and in the case of tracking step function changes were measured. 20 male volunteers parti- Counseling Psychology, University of Oregon, whether the track is displayed or not. Besides, cipated in the study. They were asked to drive Eugene, OR, USA between-factor correlations suggested the existence without time limit and they could stop when they The purpose of this study is to investigate of a second-order tracking factor. felt tired. The result of this experiment shows that adolescent social risk and protective factors, and the duration for driving while listening to the identify variables that may influence self-evaluation A case study of chords and their inversions Al’Quran recitation treatment is longer than driving and achievement outcomes. We collected surveys recognition by mental rotation or sound without Al’Quan recitation condition. Subjects’ from 130 students (aged 18-20) attending two character reaction time when driving with Al’Quran treat- Chilean universities, which measured quality of Jiang, Cong Inst. fu¨ r Musik, Universita¨ t halle- ment condition was also faster. This study sug- communication and level of connection with family, Wittenberg, Halle, Germany gested that Al’ Qur’an recitation therapy could be friends, peers, and school; and educational and This study is an attemptable research of recognition implemented to increase safety and comfortness for attitudinal outcome measures: self esteem, hope, of chords and their inversions. Music is a kind of drivers. connection to self, and attitudes toward the future. auditory spatial art, so it is hypothesized that there Participants also reported demographic variables, might be mental rotation when we hear chord and The effect of videotape feedback of a dyadic such as family cohabitants and socioeconomic inversions. The subject, a post-graduate major in interaction on metaperception status, which may play a role in positive educational musicology, is asked to listen to 20 pairs of triads Iso, Yukiko Dept. of Child Psychology, Tokyo Future outcomes and social support factors. Early evidence and seventh chord with their inversions, and report reveals a connection between family social support University, Tokyo, Japan Kasagi, Yuu Dept. of Social that the second chord in each pair is of which and positive achievement attitudes. Psychology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan inversion. The reaction time of inversions is not Daibo, Ikuo Dept. of Social Psychology, Osaka significantly but longer than that of original chords. University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Differential rehabilitation outcome in eating It can be concluded that mental rotation plays a This study examined the hypothesis that observing disorder patients part in the recognition of chords and their oneself in videotape would improve the accuracy of Jagsch, Reinhold Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t inversions. metaperception (prediction of how others viewed Wien, Wien, Austria Wiesnagrotzki, Stefan Psychiatry oneself). Seventy female students participated in and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Intrinsic, extrinsic religiosity and well-being conversations with unacquainted partners twice, of Vienna, Austria Gombas, Wolfgang Psychotherapy, Joshi, Shobhna Psychology, Banaras Hindu which were videotaped, and estimated the meta- Psychosocial Strategies, Vienna, Austria University, Varanasi, India Kumari, Shilpa perceptions after both conversations. Before the Objective: Using a differential research paradigm Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, second conversations, two-thirds of participants we evaluated treatment success in eating disorder India observed the videotape of either themselves only or patients. Methods: Fifty-one patients were treated The terms intrinsic and extrinsic religion currently participants and partners in the first conversations. for eight weeks on basis of an inpatient psycho- represent the backbone of empirical research in the Another third observed a videotape which wasn’t analytic-based procedure. Four groups built on related to conversations. As the results, although concordance or discrepancy of subjective and psychology of religion. An intrinsic orientation (I) the hypothesis wasn’t confirmed, social skills objective ratings of symptoms severity were com- involves internal religious motives within a person correlated with improvement of meta-accuracy. pared using health-related quality of life as outcome whereas extrinsic orientation (E) involves external We discussed the relationships between social skills measure. Results: Using a pre/post comparison motives outside the religion, using the religion for and the effectiveness of videotape feedback. design huge improvements could be found for two unreligious ends. Similarly, well-being comprises groups while no changes over time occurred for the people’s evaluation, both affective, and cognitive, of their lives. The study of I, E and well-being, is still Transition to parenthood: A comparison between other two. Conclusions: Results emphasize the an emerging area in psychology and has to mature the perceptions of adolescents, emerging adults importance of subjective ratings of symptoms as as an independent enterprise in India. Thus future and expecting parents they seem to play an important role for treatment work would be focused on examining the relation- Israelashvili, Moshe School of Education, Tel Aviv success. ship between religiosity and well-being. University, Tel Aviv, Israel Moldavsky, Michal School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Categories encapsulate causal properties, The current study compared the perceptions influencing similarity Role of family environment in behavioural regarding the transition to parenthood among three James, Nathalie Dept. of Psychology, UCLA, Venice, problems and self-esteem amongst Indian groups of Israeli Jews - (1) 94 adolescents, (2) 116 adolescents Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 USA Cheng, Patricia Psychology, UCLA, Venice, CA, emerging adults and (3) 88 expecting parents. The USA Joshi, Renuka PG Department of Psychology, participants completed questionnaire related to To demonstrate that categories form during causal D.A.V.(PG) College, Dehradun, India their level of idealization, motivation, and future reasoning, participants examined objects whose The present study evaluates the effect of family parental self-efficacy. Study findings indicated that features predicted certain outcomes. The features environment on behavioural problems and self the level of idealization and the level of parental of half the objects were confounded with an esteem amongst adolescents. 200 school children self-efficacy are higher among males than females. extraneous variable. Participants formed clearer (10 - 14 years) were administered standardized However, the level of motivation to parenthood categories around objects whose features were Family Climate Scale, Child Psychopathology was higher among females. Differences among the unconfounded, indicating that they took the Measurement Schedule and Self Esteem Inventory. three study groups were found only for females but objects’ causal context into account instead of The children of unfavorable family environment not for males. The study findings’ implications will generating categories around the objects’ similarity (UFE) scored significantly higher on conduct be discussed. alone. Additionally, participants formed different disorder, anxiety and somatization than favorable categories to meet different goals set by the family environment (FFE) subjects. On self esteem Bimanual coordination between individuals: Do experimenter, indicating that categories are pur- also UFE children possessed significantly low level we represent the task of a coacting partner? pose-driven rather than merely descriptive. Finally, of personally perceived self (PPS). Significant Ja¨ ger, Christina Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max-Planck- unconfounded, goal-relevant features were dispro- gender differences were observed on conduct Institut CBS, Leipzig, Germany Holla¨ nder, Antje portionately weighed in similarity judgments in- disorder, depression, physical illness with emotional Psychology, MPI CBS, Leipzig, Germany Prinz, dicating that similarity is a product of causal problems, somatization, PPS and socially perceived Wolfgang Psychology, MPI CBS, Leipzig, Germany category formation. self amongst the subjects. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 459

The correspondence of the adult romantic 31.9% personnel-oriented. 2) Turnover in organiza- Japanese parenting through gendered lenses: attachment between sibblings and romantic tions along with material and organizational factors Expectations and behaviors towards sons and partners (low salary, uncomfortable work conditions, etc.) daughters Kamenov, Zeljka Department of Psychology, may be caused by personality factors (lack of Katsurada, Emiko Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Jelic, Margareta managers’ attention to employees’ individual and University, Nishinomiya, Japan Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb, professional interests, self-realization, and career This study examined whether parents’ developmen- Zagreb, Croatia promotion, etc.). Conclusion. The investigation tal expectations and parenting behaviors were The aim of the study was to compare the adult different with respect to their sons and daughters. findings call for organization heads’ paying more romantic attachment of persons grown up in the Mothers and fathers of 352 children (163 boys and attention to ‘the human factor’ being an important same family. The prototypic perspective claims that 189 girls) aged 4 to 6 answered the questionnaire on the attachment representations formed in childhood turnover preventing and performance improving developmental expectations and their responses to remain stable and have the defining influence on measure. difficult parenting situations. The results showed relationships in adulthood. From the revisionist that both mothers and fathers expected sons to be perspective, a person’s attachment to a particular Anxiety and depression in an outpatient clinical emotionally mature earlier than daughters are. It other could be also a function of the experiences sample in Cyprus was also found that, in general, fathers’ behaviors with this particular partner. Dyadic analyses were Karekla, Maria Dept. of Psychology, University of toward daughters were gentler than those towards conducted on young adults, their siblings and their Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus Kapsou, Margarita sons. It is concluded that parents have different romantic partners, comparing the degree of corre- Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus expectations and behaviors toward sons and spondence of the romantic attachment between Constantinou, Marios Psychology, University of daughters. siblings in relation to the attachment style of their Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus Adonis, Marios Psychology, current romantic partners. University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus Lay theories of depression among Japanese The present study aimed to examine the reported undergraduates: Text mining analyses Adult attachment dimensions, emotion, and levels of anxiety and depression in a sample of Katsuya, Noriko Fujisawa, Japan Oka, Takashi evaluation toward relationships: Similarity individuals seeking treatment in an outpatient Department of Psychology, Nihon University, between mother-child dyads and romantic clinic, in Cyprus. Fifty four clients (39 females, Setagaya-ku, Japan Sakamoto, Shinji Department of relationships in adolescents Mage = 31) completed the State and Trait Anxiety Psychology, Nihon University, Setagaya-Ku, Japan Kanemasa, Yuji Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka Inventory (STAIS-T) and the Beck Depression We examined lay theories of depression among University of Human Scie, Osaka, Japan Inventory (BDI-II) at intake. The majority Japanese undergraduates. It is thought that people This study was conducted to reveal the similarity (61.1%) reported not receiving any psychiatric help have lay theories of depression. For example, between mother-child dyads and romantic relation- or taking medication. This population presented people have their images of depressive behavior, ships in adolescents, based on the relationships high levels of anxiety, both state (M=50.76) and symptoms, and the causes and remedies of depres- between adult attachment dimensions, emotion, sion. We investigated lay theories of causes and trait (M=52.22), and overall moderate levels of and evaluation toward relationships. Participants remedies of depression. The total of 313 Japanese were 209 pairs of late-adolescent children and their depression (M=20.02). In general males and females undergraduates answered their images of depres- mothers and 104 romantic couples in adolescents. did not differ in terms of anxiety and depression (p sion in an open-ended format. We analyzed text The main results were as follows: in both relation- > .05). data participants answered using text mining ships, Anxiety dimension was positively correlated method. Correspondence analyses indicated that to own and partner’s negative emotion and Effects of working circumstances on processes of participants described causes of depression as negatively related to own and partner’s evaluation work-family conflicts in dual-career couples rumination, cognitive styles, and stressful events. toward relationships. Moreover, the relations be- Kato, Yoko School of Human Sciences, Sugiyama Also, participants mentioned remedies of depres- tween Anxiety dimension and own and partner’s Jogakuen University, Nisshin, Japan Tomida, Makiko sion as difficulties, positive thinking, and distrac- evaluation toward relationships were mediated by Graduate School of Education, Nagoya University, tions. own and partner’s negative emotion respectively in Nagoya, Japan Kanai, Atsuko Graduate School of both relationships. Education, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan The test-retest reliability of the autokinetic This study examined a model of work-family illusion by tracking the appared movement How to guarantee transfer? conflicts processes in which working circumstances Kaul, Gerlinde Berlin, Germany Keitel, Ju¨ rgen Federal Kaps, Silvia Christina Pa¨dagogische Psychologie, affect depression directly and/or indirectly. The Institute for Occupati, Berlin, Germany Tech. Universita¨ t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, circumstances mean family-unfriendly climates, Individuals in complete darkness, observing a fixed Germany Juergens, Barbara Paedagogische unmanageable conditions, and supports from lea- point-source of light, will report seeing the light Psychologie, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, ders. A survey of Japanese dual-career couples move, thats known as autokinetic illusion, and its Germany covering 103 males and 186 females was analyzed. beyond of somebodys control. Everybody has an Companies invest nearly 2 percent of labor costs in Results showed that all three circumstances in- individual kind of percepted movement similarly trainings (State of Industry Report, 2004). But creased depression indirectly, and only family- provocable everytime. When the autokinetic illu- trainings are only profitable if there is successful sion starts by itself the person keeps track of that unfriendly climates and unmanageable conditions trainings-transfer. Georgenson (1982) states that movement by mouse connected with a digitizer. The affected it directly. In consideration of indirect probably only 10 percent of the training-contents investigation aims at checking the reliability of the are effectively transferred. An internet-based sup- effects, the climates and the supports influenced tracks of autokinetic illusions reproduced by each port should significantly increase transfer of train- depression via work-family conflicts, while unma- person. We determine the intraindividual variation ing. Using a social skills training and the internet- nageable conditions influenced it via coping beha- of repeated autokinetic illusions and the interindi- based support, a 160 participants will be tested in a viors. vidual differences in that variation from persons 4 x 4 Design (training + internet-support, training who have several stress in their lifes. only, internet-support only, no intervention and Conflict management about cats-breeding in four measuring times). It is supposed that partici-

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 urban community: Case of community cats pants in the training + internet-support condition Self concept and emotional intelligence of activity in Yokohama City will significantly increase transfer of training. First Pakistani adolescents from orphanages and Kato, Kensuke Nobeoka, Japan results will be presented. intact families In this study, I investigated the case of community Kausar, Rukhsana Applied Psychology, University of conflict caused by cats-breeding in urban area, the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Rasheed, Asima Organization heads’ well-balanced orientations Yokohama, Japan (case of ‘‘community cats’’ Behavioural Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women toward personnel and task as turnover activity), and considered the features of this practice University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan prevention from the perspective of activity theory. In this Study compared adolescents from orphanages and Karamushka, Liudmyla Organizational Psychology, activity, residents treated ‘‘cat problem’’ as ‘‘resi- intact families on self-concept (SC) and emotional Institute of Psychology, Kyiv, Ukraine Fil, Alena Lab. dents-relation problem’’ thoroughly to manage intelligence (EI). It was hypothesized that intact of Organiz. Psychology, Institut of Psychology, Kiev, family adolescents have positive SC and high EI community conflict, and established ‘‘guideline’’ Ukraine Liplyanska, Oksana Organisational than those from orphanage. Hundred adolescents including two divided claims (like/dislike cats). I Psychology, Institut of Psychology, Kyiv, Ukraine were recruited from public schools (N = 50) and Objective. Investigation of organization employees’ conducted participant observation toward this orphanage (N = 50). Analysis revealed that two orientations toward tasks and personnel. Methods: activity for 3 years, and interviewed with residents. groups of adolescents did not differ on self concept The investigation was done on a sample of 248 It was considered that the activity system concerned and EQ. Boys scored higher on self-concept and educational organization heads using R.Blake- with this practice transfigured and expanded emotional intelligence as compared to girls and J.Mouton Inventory and SPSS. Results. 1) 77.1% toward other daily activities in the community there was positive relationship between self-concept of the respondents were highly task-oriented and through residents’ narratives and activities. and emotional intelligence. Findings did not sup- 460 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

port the notion that adolescents in orphanage differ versity students were studies in a survey which used Emotional irresponsiveness toward the social in self concept and emotional intelligence. stratified random sampling. The student religiosity events and emotions for close others. scale developed by Khodayarifard (2006) was used. Kino, Kazuyo English and Communication, Hiroshima International Univ., Higashi-hiroshima, Japan The role of feedback in temporal coordination Results: As the level of parents’ education increases, The effect of positive/negative emotions for close Keller, Peter Max-Planck-Institut, Leipzig, Germany the degree of religiosity increases among university others on the emotional reactions toward social Ishihara, Masami Psychology, Max Planck Institute, students, Discussion: It can be concluded that events, i.e. news, was investigated in this study. A Leipzig, Germany Prinz, Wolfgang Psychology, Max instruction and practice of religious beliefs and acts set of questionnaire, about the emotional reactions Planck Institute, Leipzig, Germany in the family has a considerable effect on inter- Rhythmic actions performed alone or in concert toward three different kinds of social events and nalization of the principles and beliefs by the family positive/negative emotions for close others, was with others (e.g., dancing) generate receptive feed- members through modeling and identification with back when one’s own and/or others’ effectors administered to 249 adolescents (mostly under- the parents. impact upon the body. To investigate the role of graduates). It was shown that the positive emotion such feedback in temporal coordination, people for others negatively correlated, but negative emotions for others had no correlation with synchronised with an auditory metronome by finger Forgiveness and its relationship with life emotional irresponsiveness toward social events. tapping on different regions of their own and satisfaction, mental and physical health, and Positive concerns for close others tend to lead the others’ forearms. Movement timing variability family relatioships. emotional reactions towards the wider social world increased with the sensitivity of the region irrespec- Khullar, Sangeeta Psychology, MKP (PG) College, tive of forearm identity. Increased sensitivity may and contribute to enrich adolescents’ emotional Dehra Dun, India world. affect timing accuracy by attenuating receptive 150M and 150F Ss of age groups 18-35, 36-55, and feedback when tapping on one’s own body, while 56-80 completed Williams Forgiveness, CMI analogous effects may emerge through the simu- Health, Life Satisfaction and Family Relatioship Advanced digital video technologies for lated attenuation of feedback when tapping on Scales. Results: The two sexes do not differ on collaborative design tasks in school classes: another’s body. Forgiveness and Life satisfaction at any age level; Empirical evidence on the conditions for effective cooperation and learning middle aged females are more forgiving than Klages, Benjamin Knowledge Media Res. Center, Fitness to drive under the influence of younger ones. Life satisfaction increases with age psychoactive medication Tu¨ bingen, Germany Zahn, Carmen Cognitive For men who enjoy greater physical health. Psychology, Knowledge Media ResearchCenter, Kenntner-Mabiala, Ramona Lehrstuhl Psychologie 3, Forgiveness correlates positively with mental health IZVW, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Tu¨ bingen, Germany Hesse, Friedrich W. Cognitive and life satisfaction. Physical health and forgiveness Kaußner, Yvonne Lehrstuhl Psychologie 3, IZVW, Psychology, Knowledge Media ResearchCenter, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany are not correlated. Forgiveness correlates signifi- Tu¨ bingen, Germany Hoffmann, Sonja Lehrstuhl Psychologie 3, IZVW, cantly with the eight areas of family relatioships. We investigate the educational value of visual Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Kru¨ ger, Forgiveness has important interpersonal and health design tasks involving advanced digital video Hans-Peter Lehrstuhl Psychologie 3, IZVW, implications. technologies as cognitive tools in German language Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany and history lessons. Based on the theoretical Psychoactive medications are known to cause background of ‘‘visual design as collaborative cognitive side effects, considered to be partly Parental involvement and expectations and their problem solving’’, we examine the specific condi- relevant for fitness to drive. However, there is only relationship with academic anxiety and tions necessary for effective collaboration and few empirical data providing information about the achievement and self expectations of students of learning in a 2x2 field study design. Results from dangers of driving when taking psychoactive residential and day schools previous lab studies suggest that student groups medications. An encouraging approach for testing Khullar, Sangeeta Psychology, MKP (PG) College, who are supported by advanced video technology fitness to drive under the influence of psychoactive Dehra Dun, India (as compared to a control group) elaborate on medications is the implementation of driving tests 200Ss each from day and residential schools video information in more detail during group in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Sensitivity and completed the Parental Expectations(PE), parental interaction, thereby also acquiring more knowledge validity of certain parameters assessing driving Involvement(PI), Self Expectations(SE), and Aca- and visual literacy skills. Our current field data performance for evaluation of driving fitness are demic Anxiety(AA) Scales. Percentage on last support this assumption. discussed. Results are based on N=30 subjects, school examination costituted Academic Achieve- being treated with two different psychoactive drugs ment(Ac Ach). Results showed significant differ- The effects of mating motivation on women’s in a double-blind crossover-design. ences in PE in the two schools and no difference in sense of humor PI, AcAch,and AA. SE and PE correlated highly in Koeppl, Julia Inst. fu¨ r Sozialpsychologie, Universita¨t Psychometric evidence on individual differences both cases. For day schools AA was positively Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Greitemeyer, Tobias in conflict adaptations for the Simon and the correlated with PE and SE and negatively With PI. Social Psychology, LMU Muenchen, Muenchen, Eriksen Flanker task For residential schools AcAch correlated negatively Germany Keye, Doris IQB, Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, with with PI and SE and positively with AA. Empirical research on mating preferences has emphasized that sense of humor is an important Berlin, Germany Wilhelm, Oliver IQB, Humboldt- Implications: day and residential schools may differ characteristic for both sexes. While men are University, Berlin, Germany Oberauer, Klaus but children are still living their parents’ dreams. Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, attracted to women who respond appreciatively to Bristol, Germany their humor, women prefer partners who actively Conflict- and context slow-down have been pro- Treasure every meeting, for it will never recur: generate humor. Considering these findings from an posed as indicators of a conflict-monitoring system The effects of expectancy of an ongoing evolutionary point of view, one may suggest women that initiates cognitive control to resolve conflicts in relationship on interpersonal communication primed on mating to be more receptive to funny information processing. We investigated individual Kimura, Masanori Dept. of Social Psychology, Osaka situations when the actor is male. In contrast, differences in conflict-monitoring and correlates. University, Suita, Japan Iso, Yukiko Child Psychology, mating motivation should not affect a man’s rating Besides working memory capacity (WMC) and Tokyo Future University, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan of a joke. In study 1 these hypotheses were Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 impulsivity measures, 167 adults completed a Daibo, Ikuo Social Psychology, Osaka University, corroborated by presenting funny caricatures. Simon and an Eriksen flanker task. We obtained Suita, Japan Currently the findings are replicated for real conflict- and context slow-down independent of This study investigated the effects of expectancy of behavior. stimulus repetition. Individual differences in con- an ongoing relationship on interpersonal commu- flict slow-down but not context slow-down could be nication through two experiments. In experiment 1, Using VEs in teaching historical chronology identified as unique sources of variance. WMC and 23 dyads unacquainted with each other were Korallo, Liliya Dept. of Psychology, Middlesex impulsivity were not differently correlated with assigned to ‘‘expectancy of an ongoing relation- University, London, United Kingdom conflict or non-conflict trials. Costs of conflict- Questionnaires revealed that people have problems monitoring are discussed from a binding perspec- ship’’ or ‘‘no-expectancy’’ condition, and they with historical chronology and teachers reported tive on working memory. participated in either conversation. Spontaneous motivations to continue the relationship were that children had difficulty learning it. The current measured before conversations in experiment 2. study investigated benefits of using VEs in the The relation between university student’s teaching of academic disciplines with strong chron- Results were consistent. When participants hadn’t religiosity and their demographical features ological components. Events were sequentially expected the relationship to continue, participants Khodayarifard, Mohammad Dept. of Psychology, displayed in a virtual fly-through that a user could University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran whose social skills were high talked with partners navigate as though using a time-machine. The Objective: The purpose of this study was to more actively more than those who had lower skills. hypothesis was that more would be learned about measuring university students’ religiosity and their Social skills would make us possible to ‘treasure sequences from a VE version than in control demographical characteristic. Method: 1911 uni- every meeting which never recurred’. conditions – paper-printed or PowerPoint versions Wednesday 23rd July 2008 461

– especially when challenge was incorpoprated. have more positive perception of themselves and Speakers tell better stories to attentive than Different age groups were compared. The findings other people and are the most effective group. distracted addressees. Is this due to reduced feed- were mixed, but some supported the hypothesis for Women managers made up half of this group. back, or to speakers’ expectations about whether particular groups. Managers should enrich their knowledge about addressees are engaged? In 39 dyads we had influence regulation tactics. Women managers speakers tell stories to addressees who were either should enrich their managerial role with deinfluen- attentive or else distracted; half the speakers in each Companionate love, passionate love and safe sex tization behaviour and make it part of their own group were told (accurately or inaccurately) that in dating relationships strengths. their addressee was distracted by a secondary task. Kordoutis, Panos Dept. of Psychology, Panteion Speakers with attentive addressees told more vivid University, Athens, Greece stories, but only when they expected attentive We hypothesized that type of love in intimate Collaboration across distance: A management addressees. We conclude that storytelling is shaped relationships is associated with safe sex behaviors. model for virtual teams in production networks not only by addressee feedback, but also by how University students (272 men, 295 women, aged Kraemer, Bjoern W & O Psychology, Ruhr-University speakers construe a lack of addressee feedback. M=21.76) rated their recent dating relationship on Bochum, Bochum, Germany Zimolong, Bernhard W& companionship and passion and indicated fre- O Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, quency of, condom-use, condom-use negotiation Germany Gender stereotype priming on reaching and scripts, and reasons for non-use. Analyses of Virtual teams face a number of management grasping actions variance showed that women in passionate relation- challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine Kuria, Emily Ngubia Dept. Cognitive Neuroscience, ships used condoms less often and their proposal the differing effects of explicit control (process SISSA, ISAS, Trieste, Italy Sartori, Luisa General for condom–use was denied more frequently, than management, information management, coopera- Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy women in companionate ones and men generally. tion rules) and implicit control (shared mental Castiello, Umberto General Psychology, University of Non-use was attributed more strongly to relation- models, trust) on team processes (communication, Padova, Padova, Italy Rumiati, Raffaella Ida Cognitive ship anxiety in passionate and to risk-denial in cooperation, coordination) and outcomes (satisfac- Neuroscience, SISSA/ISAS, Trieste, Italy companionate relationships. Protective behavior, tion, time-to-market, performance) in virtual teams. The study investigated whether gender-stereotype particularly women’s, appears sensitive to love type. Data from a questionnaire survey show the impact priming alters behavior in a reach-to-grasp para- of explicit control on implicit control, team digm. Participants (N=15) reached towards, grasped and placed the stimulus in a concave Antecedents for transformational leadership: The processes and different outcome variables in 26 container (Non-social condition) or the experimen- role of leader’s task perceptions interorganizational product development teams. ter’s hand (male/female – Social condition). The Korek, Sabine Arbeits- und Org.-Pschologie, The results will be discussed with regard to the critical variable used as a measure of possible Universita¨ t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Mohr, Gisela effectiveness of the suggested management model to behavioral differences for contrasting social atti- Work and Organizational Psycho, University Leipzig, improve processes and outcomes in virtual teams. tudes was the grasping aperture (Becchio,et Leipzig, Germany al,2007). The key result is that gender-priming The literature on contextual factors for transforma- Distinctive features of employees’ task and modified the kinematics. During reach, participants tional leadership suggests, that complex, changing personnel orientations in business organizations displayed faster velocity with members of the and flexible organizational structures further the Kravtsova, Julia Organizational Psychology, Institut opposite sex. During grasp, longer RT’s for grasp emergence of transformational leadership. Trans- of Psychology, Kiev, Ukraine aperture with members of the opposite sex were ferring this notion to leaders’ task characteristics, Objectives. To find out distinctive features of observed. These changes reflect how gender stereo- we investigated, whether these factors are related to employees’ task and personnel orientations in types affect motor action. transformational leadership ratings of followers. business organizations. Methods. The investigation Multi-level-analyses of self-report data from 134 was done on 150 employees from different specia- leaders and 427 direct followers from different Affective disorders in cancer patients lization business organizations using the R.Blake & organizations showed, that leaders, who rated their Kuznetsova, Anna Psychological faculty, Northern J.Mouton Managerial grid. Results. 1. The area of main tasks as complex and changing, were eval- State Medical Univers, Arkhangelsk, Russia organization’s activity statistically significantly uated more transformational by their followers. The purpose of study was to examine anxiety and (r,0.001) correlated with employees’ orientation Results suggest, that challenging work tasks may its components in cancer patients. The participants toward task (public services - 85.4%, production - enable leaders to show more transformational were 120 women with breast and ovarian cancer 58.0%, and trade - 54.2%). 2. The area of leadership behaviour, which is beneficial for perso- treated by different form of therapy. They were organization’s activity statistically significantly nal and organizational outcomes. evaluated using psychological tests. The high level (r,0.001) correlated with employees’ orientation of anxiety was found in patients. The most common toward personnel (trade - 70.8%, public services - symptoms were: fatigue, fear about future and Rules vs. examples based learning in German 26.8%, and production – 26.0%). Conclusion. nervousness about social contacts. Different com- noun plurals Enhancement of organizational performance re- ponents of anxiety were found in groups according Kovic, Vanja Experimental Psychology, Oxford quires balancing of employees’ orientations toward to form of therapy. In this study the most common University, Oxford, United Kingdom task and personnel. components of anxiety in cancer patients were The present behavioural study examines learning found. Patients treated be different therapy need to morphology of German-noun-plurals based on get different type of psychological support. rules, examples or on both, rules and examples. Role of visualization, gesture of the hand and Three experimental conditions: learning German- verbal comments at presentation of the objekt noun-plurals based on rules, via associations or by Kuchinskaya, Nataly Department of Psychology, Attachment, alexithymia and anxiety both, rules and associations, were conducted. The Belarusian State Pedagogical U, Minsk, Belarus La´ ng, Andra´s Dept. Educational Studies, University of results suggest that the morphological patterns are Shamal, Diana Department of Psychology, Belarusian Pe´ cs, Pe´ cs, Hungary learned more easily in the form of rules and thus, State Pedagogical U, Minsk, Belarus Rooted in early caregiver-infant relation, people seem to be more easily captured by dual-route than Researches by B.Tversky,G.Gibson,V.Zinchenko at with different attachment styles deal differently single-route theories. However, error patterns the choice of effective means for presentation of a with emotional issues. In this study connection across the: e, -n, -er, Uˆ , -s rules revealed results object or idea are known. We have carried out own between attachment dimensions, alexithymia and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 confronting dual-route theories and suggested the researches by method perception actions on speci- anxiety was investigated. Correlation between existence of two mechanisms rather than one for fication of a role of gesture of a hands. Results of avoidance and alexithymia, and between anxious learning regular inflection in German-plural-nouns. experiments have shown efficiency of gesture only if attachment and anxious symptoms was expected it will be with the next conditions: one-coordinate, and tested on a sample of university students (n=90) rapid, realized without noise. Conclusion: it is using self-report measures. Correlational analysis Organizational and psychological consequences necessary to add the conclusions received earlier partially confirmed hypotheses. Alexithymic fea- of influence regulation: The concept of Barbara.Tversky.- with a severe constraint which is tures and anxiety correlated with both dimensions deinfluentization necessary for efficiency of gesture by a hand in a showing an expected pattern based on theory of Kozusznik, Barbara Pedagogy and Psychology, direction of object at its presentation: one-coordi- AAI and connection between attachment styles and University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland nate, rapid, realized without noise. internalizing and externalizing syptoms revealed in To answer questions about metamorphic effects of several studies. power /Kipnis/, satisfaction and effectiveness of managers in the context of new models of Anticipating distracted addressees: How organizations /Handy, Peters, Drucker/ which speakers’ expectations and Aaddressees’ Best friends: Intimacy and self-disclosure require deinfluentization - ability of influence feedback influence storytelling Lo´ pez Becerra, Claudia Me´ xico, Mexico Rivera regulation /Kozusznik/. 325 managers data were Kuhlen, Anna Katharina Dept. of Psychology, Stony Arago´ n, Sofia Social Psychology, UNAM, Me´xico, D. collected about deinfluentization, influence tactics, Brook University, Stony Brook, USA Brennan, Susan F:, Mexico self and other perception, satisfaction and effec- E. Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Specially, interactions among friends, display great- tiveness. Managers with high level deinfluentization USA er closeness, expressions of affection, pro-social 462 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

behaviour, intimacy, support, trust, so forth Family stress, parenting skills and socio- prototypicality of these intrusive behaviors. Results (Blieszner & Adams, 1992) which allow its members cognitive competences of retarded children and Conclusions: Cultural and gender differences to be authentic and feel belongingness to the other. siblings that were found in ratings of certain intrusive In order to know the amount of intimacy and self- Larcan, Rosalba Scienze dell’Educazione, University behaviors are discussed in terms of ’core’ vs. disclosure exist among best friends we applied the of Messina, Messina, Italy Cuzzocrea, Francesca culture-specific aspects of autonomy and interde- Intimacy and Self-Disclosure Scales to 505 adult Scienze dell’Educazione, University of Messina, pendence. females and males from Mexico City. Among the Messina, Italy Oliva, Patrizia Scienze dell’Educazione, University of Messina, Messina, Italy main findings, we found females are more em- Organizational retaliation behavior: The role of pathic, supportive and express their feelings than This study aims to verify if the presence of a child the authority representation on interactional males and younger participants also showed more with mental retardation affects family functioning, justice parent and children stress, and social skills of non- friendship (p.e. sharing activities and emotional Le Roy, Jeanne UFR SPSE, de´ partement de psych, disabled siblings. Twenty-four families were se- aspects, giving affection, etc.) than older people. Universite´ Paris 10 Nanterre, Nanterre, France lected. Half of these had a mental disabled child, in Finkelstein, Remi UFR SPSE, de´partement de psych, the others neither child had disabilities (control Relationship of adaptive behavior disorders and Universite´ Paris 10 Nanterre, Nanterre, France group). Parents, non-disabled siblings and their The relationship between interpersonal injustice codependence level and parents attachment for teachers were asked to complete several question- 16-18 years old adolescents and hostile leadership was explored to study naires. Many differences were found in family Organizational Retaliation Behavior (ORB). Two Laizane, Ilona Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, functioning between groups. Parents and non- Latvia studies examined the influence of negative leader- disabled child think they have more caregiving ship on interpersonal justice feelings among a The research investigates relationship between difficulties and more stress. The presence of a behavioral disorders, codependence level and par- sample of 340 French students. People who had a disabled child affects non-disabled siblings’ social negative leadership priming (study 1) or who had to ents attachment. The observed sample includes 250 skills both at home and at school adolescents from the contemporary and profes- remember a negative past leadership experience sional secondary schools, age group 16-18 years. (study 2) engaged more in ORB than people in other conditions when they read a text with an Research methods included codependency level Attentional capture by color in red/green color unfair authority. Practical implications, limitations, evaluation tool ‘‘Spann-Fischer Codependency blind people and suggestions for future research will also be Scale’’ (SFCDS, Fischer, Spann & Crawford), Larsen, Janet Dept. of Psychology, John Carroll discussed. family relationship evaluation tool ‘‘Inventory of University, University Heights, USA Kenner, Frank Parent and Peer Attachment’’ (G.Armsden, Psychology, John Carroll University, University M.T.Greenberg) and Youth Self-Report (T.Achen- Heights, OH, USA A new coding method of dyadic love expression bach). The observation results confirmed positive In two experiments the attention of red/green and its correlations with attachment styles and correlation between behavioral disorders and code- colorblind participants was affected by color in relationship qualities pendence level and parents attachment. Behavioral the same way as participants with normal color Lee, Kit Ling Dept. of A. Social Studies, City University disorders Withdrawal/ Depression, and Somatic vision. Participants located an X in an array of nine of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic Complaints correlate more in the female group, angular or round grey letters. Across 360 trials, a of : Hong Kong SAR Freeney, Brook whereas Anxiety/ Depression, Aggressive Behavior colored target letter facilitated responding, and a Expressions of love messages can be implicit or colored distractor letter slowed responding com- and Rule-Breaking Behavior are more common in explicit. Tools available for these measurements are pared to trials with no color. The effect was larger the male group. limited. Using existing expressive behavioral mea- for angular than for round non target letters. In surement, validity of a new coding method for these experiment one, red, green and blue had similar two forms of expressions is studied. Ninety-two Social workers’ and welfare recipients’ effects. In experiment two, green had the same married couples completed questionnaires measur- attributions for poverty from two perspectives effect even when non-target letters were in eight ing expressive behaviors, attachment styles and Landmane, Dace University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia different shades of grey. relationship satisfaction. Avoidant and anxious Objective of the study is to examine social workers’ attachment ratings were negatively associated with (observer) and welfare recipients’ (actor) attribu- Personal and dispositional predictors of nurse the two forms of expressions and positively with tions for poverty from two perspectives (the manager burnout: A time-lagged analysis secure attachment ratings. Explicit expression had explainers’ own perspective and imagined out – Laschinger, Heather School of Nursing, University of stronger associations with relationship satisfaction group members’ perspective). In this study the socio Western Ontario, London, Canada Finegan, Joan and conflict than implicit expression. The result - demographic variables and attributions for PSYCHOLOGY, UNIV OF WESTERN ONTARIO, suggested that the new coding method is valid and poverty is assessed. The Attributions for Poverty LONDON, Canada complementary to other communication measure- Questionnaire was adapted from Nasser and This study examined the influence of effort-reward ments. Abouchedid (2001). From own perspective social imbalance, a situational variable, and core self- workers incline to attribute poverty to individualis- evaluation, a dispositional variable, on nurse Learning styles of gifted learners on e-leaning tic factors, but welfare recipients incline to structur- managers’ burnout levels over a 1-year period. environment al factors. From the perspective of out – group Nurse managers (n=134) responded to a mail Lee, Hyunjoo Dept. of Education, Seoul National social workers incline to attribute poverty to survey at 2 time points. The results supported the University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Shin, Jongho individualistic and structural factors, but welfare hypothesized contribution of both personal and Dept. of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, recipients incline to individualistic factors. situational factors to nurse manager burnout over a Republic of Korea Kim, Yongnam Dept. of Education, one year time frame. Although burnout levels at Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Empowering the practitioners in their daily Time 1 accounted for significant variance in The purpose of this study was to identify e-learning educational work: Developpement and use of the emotional exhaustion levels one year later (B = styles of gifted learners and to suggest effective e- AcReDi e-diary .355, nurses’ effort-reward imbalance (B = .371) learning environments for them. The participants Langers, Christian EMACS, Universite´du and core self-evaluations (B = -.166) accounted for were 1012 4th to 8th graders including 432 gifted significant additional amounts of explained var- students and 580 average-achieving students. Clus-

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Luxembourg, Walferdange, Luxembourg Meyers, Christian EMACS, Universite´ du Luxembourg, iance (p,.05). ter analysis was performed to classify students on Walferdange, Luxembourg Koenig, Vincent EMACS, the basis of cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics on the e-learning environment. Universite´ du Luxembourg, Walferdange, Intrusiveness in romantic relationships: A Gifted students were clustered into three subgroups Luxembourg combined qualitative-quantitative cross-cultural which showed different learning characteristics: The results produced by a scientific research study ‘leading learner’, ‘individual learner’, and ‘passive- analyzing the Luxembourgian school system to- Lavy, Shiri Dept. of Psychology, Univ. of Californiain learner’ types. The results of the study suggested gether with teacher’s and researcher’s needs led to Davis, Ramat Gan, Israel Mikulincer, Mario guidelines for developing effective e-learning sys- the creation of software, helping the practitioners in Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel tems suited for educational needs gifted students. their daily educational work. This cognitive tool Objectives: Intrusiveness is a core manifestation of leads to user empowerment by providing him with a autonomy-proximity/dependence imbalance. Defi- methodology for doing his research as a critical and nitions of autonomy, interdependence, and their Romantic relationship style, coping, identity reflexive social actor. More precisely, the practi- "balance" vary across cultures. This study among development and mental health among Chinese tioner can rely on this tool for data gathering, its Americans, Indians and Israelis explores intrusive- and Australian adolescents formalization and analysis. The software’s under- ness through its cultural variations and beyond Leung, Cynthia Educational Psychology, Counse, The lying concepts are derived form the theories and them. Methods: Sixty participants from each Hong Kong Institute of Edu, Tai Po, China, People’s methods of action research, ICT and the praxeol- culture described intrusiveness. Their answers were Republic of : Hong Kong SAR Karnilowicz, Wally Dept. ogy. This communication summarizes the user analyzed and yielded 38 kinds of intrusive beha- of Psychology, Victoria University, Melbourne, oriented design and in-field validation. viors. Participants from each culture then rated the Australia Moore, Susan School of Life and Social Scie, Wednesday 23rd July 2008 463

Swinburne University of Techno, Melbourne, behaivor on the appraisal of leadership is mediated The symptom character and predictors of post Australia Lung, Ching Leung Educational Psychology, by voice behavior. The study provides empirical traumatic stress disorder in AIDS orphans Counse, The Hong Kong Institute of Edu, Tai Po, support for the dispositional base of leadership and Lin, Xiuyun School of Psychology, Beijing, People’s China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR explores the process of this dispositional effect. Republic of China Fang, Xiaoyi School of Psychology, Objective: to examine romantic relationship style, Insitutite of Development Psyc, Beijing, People’s coping strategies, identity development and mental Republic of China Li, Xiaoming School of Medicine, health among Chinese and Australian adolescents. The relation of children’s temperament and Center of Prevention and Educa, Detroit, USA Method: 102 Australian and 179 Chinese tertiary parenting style with children’s conscience 296 double orphans from orphanages and in students completed a questionnaire on relationship Liang, Zong Bao Institute of Developmental Psy, kinship care, and 468 single orphans in family, style, coping strategies, identity development and BeiJing Normal University, Bei Jing, People’s 456 children affected by HIV/AIDS, 406 children mental health. Results: cluster analysis resulted in Republic of China Chen, Hui Chang Institute of from intact families were investigated their symp- three clusters in terms of romantic relationship Developmental Psy, BeiJing Normal University, Bei tom of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and styles, identity development and coping strategies Jing, People’s Republic of China Zhang, Guang Zhen predictors which were post-traumatic events, cog- (unsure/foreclosure/avoidance strategy, secure/ Institute of Developmental Psy, BeiJing Normal nitive appraisal, disclosure. Data analysis showed achievement/self-help strategy, uninterested/diffu- University, Bei Jing, People’s Republic of China that AIDS orphans had much symptom of PTSD, sion), with the secure group reporting lowest stress The current research explored the direct effect of with that double orphans had much PTSD symp- scores. There were more Chinese in the first cluster. children’s temperament on conscience; the direct or tom than single orphans and then the children Conclusions: there were differences in underlying indirect effect of parenting style on children’s affected by AIDS, the children from intact families. personality substrata between Chinese and Austra- conscience. The participant sample consists of 625 And, post-traumatic events, cognitive appraisal, lian adolescents associated with mental health. children aged from 3 to 6 years old, the results were disclosure can predict PTSD symptom remarkably with disclosure had the highest coefficient in the as follows: (1) Children’s temperament had sig- Structure equal Model. Perceived societal norms, parental socialization nificant predicting effect. (2) Maternal parenting goals and test anxiety on Hong Kong Chinese style had strong direct predicting effect on chil- children dren’s conscience. while father’s control could only The study of content and structure of authentic Leung, Nga Man Dept. of Psychology, Chinese Univer. positively predict children’s internalized behavior. leadership and its relationships with other of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic (3) Parenting style moderated the relation between related variables in China of : Hong Kong SAR McBride-Chang, Catherine A. Ling, Wenquan College of Management, Jinan children’s temperament and conscience. (4) Chil- Psychology, CUHK, Shatin, Chinese University of, University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR dren’s age and gender also moderated the relation Ling, Fang China Academy of Transportat, China This study (N= 141, grade six students and their of parenting style and children’s temperament with Academy of Transportat, BEIJING, People’s Republic parents) examined parents’ perceived societal norms children’s conscience. of China Huang, Tiejun Beijing Branch, Mojo City.com for academic socialization goals in relation to Ltd., BEIJING, People’s Republic of China parenting styles, and how parents’ own academic Forgiveness of self and others as ways to The results shown that: (1) Chinese authentic goals, or expectations, explain children’s psycholo- improve interpersonal relationships for leadership included five-factor which are orienta- gical well-being. Controlling IQ and SES, parents’ individuals with insecure attachment styles tion to subordinates; follow rules, orders, etc. perceived societal norms for academic socialization docilely; leader’s traits; honest and un-deceive; Liao, Kelly Yu-Hsin Dept. of Psychology, Iowa State goals positively explained a unique 7.2 % of integrity and selfless. (2) The authentic leadership University, Ames, USA variance in parental styles beyond parents’ own is a significant predictor of subordinate’s job The study’s objective examined the relationships values, while academic socialization goals positively satisfaction, role performance, organizational iden- explained a unique 3 % of variance in test anxiety. between attachment avoidance and attachment tification and altruistic behavior between collea- These findings highlighted the importance of anxiety, forgiveness of self and other, and relation- gues. (3)The subordinate’s trust to leader and societal norms in parenting, and the potential ship satisfaction. Specifically, the current study organization’s trust atmosphere are the mediators negative impact of over expectation on children’s hypothesized that (1) individuals with attachment between authentic leadership and outcome vari- well-being. anxiety style might increase their relationship ables. (4) The leader’s competency is the moderator satisfaction through increased forgiveness of self, between authentic leadership and outcome vari- ables. (5) The content and structure of authentic Assessing the Francis Sale of attitude toward and (2) individuals with attachment avoidance might increase their relationship satisfaction leadership in Taiwan province are as same as them Christianity among Slovak students in mainland of China. Lewis, Christopher Alan School of Psychology, through forgiveness of others. Participants were University of Ulster at Magee, Londonderry, United undergraduate psychology students. Structural Kingdom Adamovova´ , Lucia Institute of Experimental equation modeling approach was used to examine To take or to decline: Four-year-old children Psyc, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak the proposed model. The results indicated that know when they remember Republic Francis, Leslie J. Institute of Education, forgiveness of self partially mediated attachment Liu, Yan Dept. of Psychology, Peking University, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom anxiety and relationship satisfaction while forgive- Beijing, People’s Republic of China Su, Yanjie Objectives: To facilitate cross-cultural research in Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s ness of others partially mediated attachment the psychology of religion, the present aim was to Republic of China Xu, Guoqing ICNL, Beijing Normal avoidance and relationship satisfaction. examine the psychometric properties of the Slovak University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China translation of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Objective: At what age do children start to know Christianity. Method: A sample of 151 Slovak A longitudinal study of team processes when they remember? Method: Five experiments university students completed the translated mea- Lin, Xuanhui School of Psychology, Beijing Normal were conducted with nonverbal tasks adapted from sure. Results: Support was found for the internal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Bian, Kornell, et.al (2007) and Hampton (2001). Results: reliability, unidimensionality and convergent valid- Ran School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, In Experiment 1 and 2, the 4-to 5-year olds judged ity of the translated measure. Conclusions: These Beijing, People’s Republic of China Zhu, Rui School of retrospectively their accuracy in a serial position results suggest that this measure can be commended Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, task. They performed almost identically to college Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 for further use among Slovak respondents. Limita- People’s Republic of China Che, Hongsheng School of students, and much better than 3-to 4-year olds. In tions of the present study are discussed. Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, Experiment 3 to 5, the 4.5-to 5-year olds and the People’s Republic of China adults could discern the presence and absence of memory before recognition; however 4-to 4.5-year The antecedent, process and consequence of Objectives To investigate changes of team process in long-term teams. Methods Totally 112 long-term olds could not. Conclusion: four-year-old children leadership emergence in self managing teams: A know when they know and when they don’t. quasi experimental study self-managing teams were observed at 3 time points. Li, Hong Management School, Chinese Academy of The team task was problem-solving. The data were Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Wei, self-reported. Latent growth modeling (LGM) was Research on adolescent attachment in relation to Feng Management, CEIBS, Shanghai, People’s used to analyze the data. Results Communication, self-esteem and social adaptation Republic of China cooperation and cohesion changed significantly Liu, Xuanwen Children’s culture Institute, Zhejiang An experimental study of 52 self managing teams along with increased time. Communication in- Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of examines how individual’s dispositional trait—— China Ju, Xiaoyan Education College, Zhejiang creased linearly while cooperation and cohesion core self evaluations (CSES) affects the leadership Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of increased curvilinear. Besides, high initial level of emergence and appraisal of leadership. Results China show that CSES, positively relates to leadership communication and cooperation contributed to The paper is to explore the quality and character- emergence, and this correlation is not moderated by their fast increase along the time. Conclusions istic of adolescent attachment with parents and either task type or goal type but mediated by team Team processes change significantly in different peers, and to examine the links and mechanisms process. And the effect of leadership emergence patterns over time. between adolescent attachment and self-esteem, 464 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

social adaptation. 528 adolescents were investigated Interpersonal processes in intercultural close ways of dealing with and managing their obstetrics by Chinese version of Inventory of Parents and relationships and gynecological health. Living with long term Peers Attachment. Data were analyzed by T test, F Lombardi, Milena Social and Developmental Psych, illness involves coping not only with the discomfort test, regression analysis and structural equation Sapienza University, Roma, Italy Ardone, Ritagrazia or disability caused by the illness itself but also model. The result is that the quality of adolescent Social and Developmental Psych, Sapienza coping with the physical or social demands made by attachment is high; peer attachment is slightly University, Roma, Italy Chiarolanza, Claudia Social the medical regime prescribed by the doctors. higher than parent attachment. The findings and Developmental Psych, Sapienza University, suggested that adolescent attachment to parents Roma, Italy An ERP Study of category induction and peers each serve to promote adjustment in The work shows results from an empiric research Lv, Yong Tianjin, People’s Republic of China Song, specific domains of adolescent adaptation and they exploring relationship maintenance processes in Juan Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal work together to impact on development of intercultural couples living in Italy. Objectives University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China adolescent. Verifying differences in relationships processes The study concerned to adults’ visual processing among intercultural and mono-cultural couples. during category induction by ERP. Fifteen partici- Method 90 couples (Italian, non-Italian and inter- Confident leadership and follower commitment: pants were required to decide if the third stimulus cultural) answered to: - Investment model scale Moderating effects of worship to authority shared same category membership with the first two (Rusbult et al., 1998); - Trust scale (Rempel et al, Liu, Jun School of Business, Renmin University, in a sequence. Using N1, P2, N300 and P400 as 1985); - Inclusion of other in the self scale (Aron et indexes, we found selective processing during Beijing, People’s Republic of China Zhang, Haina al., 1992); - Dyadic adjustment scale (Spanier, Chinese University of Hong Kon, Faculty of Business conjunctive processing of the first two stimuli and 1976). Results and conclusion Results show differ- in the comparison of different dimensional tasks. Administra, Beijing, China, People’s Republic of : ences between intercultural and mono-cultural Macao SAR Adults prefer to use rule compared with children couples about the role of trust in affecting dyadic who lie on similarities during category induction. The paper investigated the relationship between adjustment. Differences are also found in levels of confident leadership (CL) and follower commit- P400 is unspecific with category induction but play commitment between non-Italian and Italian cou- a role in completion of decision. ment as well as the moderating effects of follower’s ples. Results will be discussed by analyzing worship to authority on that relationship. Two relational processes according to acculturation major behavioral dimensions of CL, expressing self- processes. Effects of type of modelling and categorial size confidence (EC-self) and expressing confidence in on a categorization task in 3-4-years-old children followers (EC-follower), were researched. Regres- Ma´ rquez, Alejandra Bahavior Analysis, University of sion analyses on data collected from full-time Mental imagery: A question of perspective and Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico salesmen and their supervisors showed that: fol- body posture We present data from an experimental study which lower’s worship to authority enhanced the relation- Lorey, Britta Bender Inst. of Neuroimaging, objective was to identify the influence of the ship between EC-self and follower commitment, Universita¨ t Gießen, Gießen, Germany Zentgraf, Karen number of objects in each category and two kinds however, attenuated the relationship between EC- Psychology and Sports Science, Universita¨ t Gießen, of modelling (differential and non-differential) on follower and follower commitment. These findings Gießen, Germany Stark, Rudolf Bender Inst. of the adjustment to categorization criteria. Eight suggested that CL behaviors should fit with Neuroimaging, Universita¨ t Gießen, Gießen, Germany children between 3 and 4 years old participated. follower traits in order to achieve leadership Munzert, Joern Psychology and Sport Science, They had to solve a categorization task similar to effectiveness. Theoretical contribution and implica- Universita¨ t Gießen, Gießen, Germany Kleins (1959). Children had to classify several tions were offered. Body movements can be imagined in different ways, objects according to the material they were made i.e., simulating oneself or someone else as an agent. of (plastic, metal, wood). Data were analyzed in In case imagery is embodied, posture should matter Student-oriented paradigm: Self-determination terms of children comprehension of the categoriza- for simulation (de Lange et al., 2006). We asked 20 and competence tion criteria along with the cognitive outcomes volunteers to imagine hand movements in a first- Lobanov, Alexander Dept. of Psychology, BGPU, (attending, reproducing, and assigning) they at- and a third-person perspective (1PP, 3PP), with tained using different linguistic modes. Minsk, Belarus Drozdova, Natalia Psychology either a compatible or an incompatible hand Department, BGPU, Minsk, Belarus position lying in a functional magnetic resonance A new topological model of supervised independent scanner. Results show stronger activation in the left Chronic depression and co-occurring personality students’ work has been worked out and imple- supramarginal gyrus and the insulae in 1PP- disorder: Response to medication and targeted mented in the context of student-oriented approach. imagery with an incompatible hand position. psychotherapy The model is based on the principles of activity and Therefore, kinesthetic information is integrated in Maddux, Rachel Dept. of Psychology, Lund awareness, which accordingly extend to the con- 1PP-imagery which might lead to the human sense University, Lund, Sweden Riso, Lawrence P. structs ‘‘determinism-indeterminism’’ and ‘‘condi- of agency. Psychology, Argosy University, Arlington, Virginia, tion-aim’’. The model agrees with Deci&Ryan USA theory of basic needs. It realizes mechanisms of Axis-II personality disorders present in high rates the formation of intrinsic motivation through Hand perception actions on a visual object among patients with chronic depression. In the competence achievement, self-determination and possessing of an elstic shape: Psychology, current study, we examined the impact of co- relevant attitudes available. In such a way, super- neuronet, algorithm occuring personality disorder on the treatment of vised independent students’ work is considered as a Losik, George Lab. Identification System, Institute chronic depression with medication, psychotherapy, indispensable condition of specialist’s preparedness Information Problem, Minsk, Belarus Vartanov, Alex or their combination in a reanalysis of a large for continuous education, competitiveness, mobi- Department of Psychology, Moscow State University, clinical trial of 681 patients. The results indicated lity, critical thinking and creativity. Moscow, Russia that a co-occurring Axis-II condition did not have a Four psychological phenomena, neuronet mechan- negative effect on treatment outcome and did not ism of hand-eye interaction in perception an object differentially impact the efficacy of psychotherapy Organizational context and a style of exercising with elastic, flexible, plastic shape were studied. authority in relation between a supervisor- versus the medication. These findings have impor- Eye-tracing, videotape recording, multidimensional tant implications for the clinical management of subordinate setting: Empirical research of Polish scaling methods were used in experiments with chronic depression. Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 managers normal eyesight and blind participants. A four-step Loboda-Oewitczak, Edyta Institute of Psychology, hand-eye-object interaction algorithm was discov- Lodz, Poland ered and four psychological phenomena were Multinational teams and global competences The present study investigate the role of organiza- studied. Conclusion: while perceiving an object Magnus, Ellen Barsett Dept. of Psychology, Aarhus tional climate and a form of firm ownership in with an elastic shape the scales of shape perception University, Aarhus, Denmark accomplishing a defined style of exercising author- come into action first. They does not include the This project investigates the relationships between ity. The research was conducted in a group of 207 elasticity scale. It scale turn on latter, after the working in multinational teams and development of Polish managers of lower and middle management object recognition. It contains an unusual neuronet global competences, under the assumption that level. The obtained results proved that access to mechanism and interaction algorithm. higher complexity of social interactions increases information and relationship with a supervisor, are the potential for developing global competences, determinants of cooperative versus autocratic given certain conditions. Multinational teams are power style. The data also indicate that managers Psychosomatics and religion in the Philippines believed to provide more social complexity than of state firms use the autocratic influence model Lu, Jinky Leilanie National Institutes of Health, local teams, mainly due to higher cultural diversity more often than mangers of private firms when task Manila, Philippines and because members are located in different realization occurs in conditions of higher uncer- Religion plays a very important role in Philippine national and organizational contexts. Employees tainty. Results suggest that the quality of the history and life. In selected personal interviews, with experiences from working in local and multi- organizational climate, analyzed in a wilder context women related ways of dealing with and managing national teams will be interviewed to uncover which of national culture, constitute an essential element their obstetrics health. They believe the psychoso- conditions can optimize development of global in choosing the model of influence. matic effect of medicine in healing, treatment. The competences. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 465

Music perception and production and their simultaneously with visual cue on 25% of the trials. indicated that participants felt positive or negative relation to cognitive skills in children from 5 to 10 Results indicated that alerting and orienting inter- moods before listening to music, and after listening years of age act under central cuing conditions. As respect to to music most of them experienced positive moods Maier-Karius, Johanna Inst. detection, the warning selectively facilitated RTs on but some felt sadness. Study 3 showed that Entwicklungspsychologie, Universita¨ t Gießen, Valid and Neutral, but not on Invalid trials. When structure of moods after listening to music included Gießen, Germany Schwarzer, Gudrun a discrimination was required, the warning seems to ’anxiety and depression’, ’liveliness’, ’solemnity and Entwicklungspsychologie, Universitaet Giessen, anticipate the processing of the cue. Results confirm tension’, ’sadness and affinity’, and ’calmness’. The Giessen, Germany an interaction between alerting and orienting, only finding suggests that ’solemnity and tension’ and Numerous studies have dealt with the proposed when an endogenous attentional shift is required. ’sadness and affinity’ may be specific moods related connection between music and intelligence. In our to listening to music. study we investigated relations between musical Experiences in close relationships revised: A achievement and specific cognitive skills in 5-to-10- Portuguese version Influence of validity and IOR effects on implicit year-old children (N = 100). We employed tests for Martins, Ana Centre for Career Guidance and, Faculty and explicit memory music perception and production, phonological of Psichology and Educ, Porto, Portugal Mayas Arellano, Julia Psicologia Basica II, Facultad de awareness, auditory attention, visuospatial proces- Although in a preliminary stage, this poster intends Psicologia UNED, Madrid, Spain Ballesteros, Soledad sing, memory and sensorimotor functions. Results to present the psychometric qualities of a Portu- Psicologia Basica II, Facultad de Psicologia UNED, show significant correlations between musical and guese version of the Experiences in Close Relation- Madrid, Spain Fuentes, Luis J. Psicologia Basica y cognitive skills (r = .34 to .75). Particularly we ships- Revised (Fraley, Waller & Brennan, 2000), a Metodologi, Facultad de Psicologia de Murc, Murcia, found significant relations between phonological self-report attachment measure, based upon two Spain awareness and musical abilities for all ages. To basic psychological dimensions: Anxiety and In this work we investigated the influence of control for schooling-effects we currently compare Avoidance, allowing attachment’s assessment both orienting spatial attention in two long-term mem- same skills in 30 9-to-10-year-olds practising music dimensionally and categorically regarding four key- ory tasks. First, participants performed an orienting for at least 2 years to children practising sports. figures for the young adult: father-like figure, attention task with familiar pictures presented at mother-like figure, romantic partner and best valid or invalid locations at different cue-target Motivational empathy: The accuracy of reciprocal friend. This instrument’s adaptation serves a intervals (SOAs). Later they performed a speeded inferences on motives within dyads methodological purpose of a broader research naming task and a recognition task. The results Mamali, Catalin Dept. of Psychology, Loras College, project, which aims to explore the influence of showed that attention influenced both memory Dubuque, USA attachment dynamics in the meaning young adults tasks. This influence was shown through validity The study explores the inferences of laypersons give to work in their existence. and inhibition of return (IOR) effects on implicit about others’ motives. Previous studies analyzed memory (IM), and better recognition for pictures encoded at short SOA as well as a more con- the relations between intrinsic motives and social Procreation: Conflicts between culture and servative criterion (c) for pictures presented at a cues (Cozzolino, 2004; Deci, 1981; Woike, 2003). Christianity facilitated location. The motivational empathy (ME) is the ability to Mashamba, Tshilidzi Dept. of Psychology, University make accurate inferences about other’s motives, of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa and relates to motivational intelligence (Mamali, This study focused on Christian and cultural issues Functional coding of human and animal effectors 1998). The Method of Motivational Induction relating to procreation. The aim of the study was to is dependent on posture (Nuttin, Lens, 1980) was administered (N = 144). investigate how Christians negotiate to lead a McDougall, Laura Faculty of Kinesiology, University Following sociometric tests participants were Christian life whereas culture on the other hand of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Welsh, Timothy Faculty grouped in dyads of reciprocal attraction (26), expects them to behave in a contradictory manner. of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada contradictory relation (22); reciprocal rejection (24). An exploratory research was conducted with five The neural substrates of action observation and MIM was repeated for eliciting inferences about the Christian mothers, who were selected through simulation, mirror neurons, are studied in monkeys motives of the dyadic partner. The reciprocal purposive sampling. The study was conducted in that observe humans or other monkeys moving. attraction dyads have the highest rate of approx- Thohoyandou, South Africa. Data was collected Studies of simulation in humans, however, typically imating the partner’s motives (x2 = 18.801 p , .01). through semi-structured interviews and it was employ paradigms in which people observe other Key words: motivational empathy, reciprocal mo- analysed using thematic content analysis. In this people or non-biological systems (robots) acting. It tivational inferences study, challenges were presented and discussed and is not known if humans engage in simulation while the researcher made recommendations based on the observing animals. In this initial step, we found that Connecting life stories to career success: Using a findings. people represented the body parts of humans and career construction approach to help clients animals with respect to its’ functionality in the assumed posture. Specifically, hands/forepaws were navigate transition in a developing country A fairness perspective on the use of cost coded as hands in standing (human) postures, but context information in buyer-supplier negotiations. were not when in ‘‘all-four’’ (animal) postures. Maree, Jacobus Gideon Curriculum Studies, Masschelein, Stijn Business and Economics, Catholic University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Van den The career construction approach (Savickas, 2007) Abbeele, Alexandra Business and Economics, Categorical structure of perception of painted connects differential, developmental, dynamic, and Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and photo portraits learning-based approaches in a grand theory of Cardinaels, Eddy Department of Accountancy, Tilburg Menchuk, Tatiana Dept. of Psychology, Moscow State vocational behaviour (Hartung, 2007). I elucidate University, Tilburg, Netherlands University, Podolsk, Russia the implementation of the Career Interest Inventory We challenge that high quality information im- The aim of our study is the investigation of (an instrument which can be used to blend proves buyer-supplier negotiations. We report the categorical structures in individual consciousness qualitative and quantitative approaches to career results of a 2 by 3 between subjects design in which that mediate perception of human faces in painted facilitation) in school and university contexts. The we manipulate the buyer’s purchasing information and photo portraits. The method: subjective se- collaborative relationship between client and coun- quality (high and low) and the problem under mantic space construction (Psychosemantics), based sellor can be utilised to help clients draw on their negotiation (external, buyer or supplier problem). on works by Ch.Osgood (1955), G.Kelly (1955) and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 life stories to negotiate transitions, connect life Drawing from Attribution Theory, we show that V.Petrenko (2005; Petrenko & Mitina, 1997). stories to career success and ultimately design their suppliers perceive buyers in the external condition Subjects: 100 Russian-speaking men and women, lives in a really meaningful way, enabling them to as more fair. We apply the Persuasion Knowledge 20-30-years old. The comparison of semantic spaces find magic in their (career) lives. Model to show that high fairness renders high of perception of painted and photo portraits, built quality information redundant. In the supplier using different descriptive languages (semantic condition high quality information is perceived as differential, poetic metaphor), allows to single out Alerting and orienting: Interaction or unfair. Only in the buyer condition, the buyer both the specificity of these languages constructs independence? values high quality information. and the cognitive complexity of consciousness. Martella, Diana Dipartimento di Psicologia, Roma, Italy Casagrande, Maria Dipartimento di Psicologia, "Sapienza" Universita` , Roma, Italy Mereu, Stefania A preliminary study for the construction of a Unconscious and symbolic cues reflect an Dipartimento di Psicologia, "Sapienza" Universita`, musical mood scale: Structure of moods induced automatic shift of attentional orienting Roma, Italy Sebastiani, Mara Dipartimento di by music Mereu, Stefania Dipartimento di Psicologia, Psicologia, "Sapienza" Universita` , Roma, Italy Matsumoto, Junko Nagano College of Nursing, Universita di Roma, Roma, Italy Casagrande, Maria Four experiments assessed the relation between Nagano, Japan Dipartimento di Psicologia, "Sapienza" Universita`, alerting and orienting under peripherally and Three studies explored structure of moods related Roma, Italy Martella, Diana Dipartimento di centrally cued conditions separately, in both detec- to music. Study 1 revealed that the structures of Psicologia, "Sapienza" Universita` , Roma, Italy tion and discrimination tasks. Alerting was ma- moods before listening to music and after listening Marotta, Andrea Dipartimento di Psicologia, nipulated by presenting a warning tone before or to music were not particularly different. Study 2 "Sapienza" Universita` , Roma, Italy 466 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Peripheral abrupt onset cues induce automatic perfect performance in each task. Extinction rates English language learners mastering academic shifts of attention, even if not consciously perceived. (omissions of the left stimulus in auditory double English and the content curriculum This study would examine the relationship between stimulation) of the neglect subjects significantly Minaya-Rowe, Liliana Storrs, USA Calderon, endogenous spatial orienting and unconscious differed between tasks, 46.2% (task2), 28.6% Margarita CRESPAR, Johns Hopkins University, New perception, using a spatial cueing task. Three (task1), 12.9% (task3), F(2) = 8.80; p , .001. York, NY, USA experiments assessed predictive, unpredictive or Higher extinction rates in dichotic listening of This paper examines the effects of a 10-component counterpredictive cues, that were rendered invisible lesson template as a highly interactive professional words implicate deficits in mental representation by object substitution masking in half of the trials. development tool for secondary teachers of English The results show a facilitation in the attended of the auditory stimuli. language learners and their students’ performance (cued) location with both seen and unseen cues in literature, science, mathematics and social (experiments 1 and 2), and for targets presented in A big five profile of young psychologists who studies. It focuses on students’ growth in academic the unattended but cued location (experiment 3), applied for positions in law enforcement English language acquisition and in the content suggesting that endogenous cues could evoke Mihalcea, Andreea Dept. of Psychology, Titu curriculum, and on the effects of vocabulary, automatic shifts of attention, even if not con- Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania Lita, reading comprehension and writing strategies on sciously perceived. Stefan Department of Psychology, Romanian their achievement. The technology-based observa- Academy, Bucharest, Romania Stoian, Bogdan Centre tion protocol is used to determine the extent the components are present in a lesson. Results indicate Toward the public crisis leadership competency for Psychosociology, Ministry of the Interior, gains for both experimental and control groups modeling and government social performance Bucharest, Romania with significant differences correlated with the levels appraisal: A simulated experimentation The aim of the study is to present a short analysis of of classroom implementation using the protocol. Miao, Qing Scholl of Public Admin., Zhejiang psychologists personality based on the Five Factor University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China He, Model. The subjects are 94 practicing psychologists Wen-Jiong Department of management, School of (mean age 29, 84% women) who applied for jobs Mood inductions in patients with borderline Public Admin., Zhejiang Hangzhou, People’s Republic within the human resources departments of Roma- personality disorder and dysthymic disorder in a of China nian Police. As part of a psychological screening psychophysiological lab-field study This research explored the public crisis leadership examination, they filled in also the 50 Big-Five Miro, Alexander Psychology, University of Hamburg, competency constructs predicting high govern- Factor Markers of Goldberg (1999). The results Hamburg, Germany ment’s social performance. By presenting a so- Patients suffering from borderline personality dis- show that: (a) 40% of them used mainly extreme ciety-wide paroxysmal urgency, the subjects order and dysthymic disorder participated in a lab- (n=120) were required to make a series of responses, (b) the extreme responses style has been field comparative study. In the lab, stress was responsive decisions as mayors to cope with. used mostly on items from factors C and A, around induced by short vignettes of social conflict situa- Researchers designed 13 relative competency ele- 50%, (c) their mean profile is characterized by tions and pleasant valence by vignettes of positive ments in the experimentation, including informa- scores of 43 on consciousness, 42 on agreeableness, situations. Neutral control vignettes were also tion processing, operation proficiency, time 41 on emotional stability, 38 on extraversion and 36 included. Heart rate, electrodermal activity, electro- management, etc. Meanwhile, 90 subjects were on openness. myography (m.corrugator) and self report data required to be a citizen to evaluate such above have been measured simultaneously. At following decision-making process with 5-Likert points. The days ambulatory monitoring of these biosignals and scores were regarded as the criterion-related vari- Does doctors’ knowledge of inflammatory bowel self report data has been assessed. One major aim of ables. Regression analysis showed 4 elements of disease patients’ psychological status affect the study is to look for predictors from the lab to competency (operation proficiency, time manage- patients’ clinical outcomes: A pilot randomised the field situation. Results of mood induction with ment, mass communication, and risk bearing) have controlled trial the short vignettes will be presented. high predictability. Mikocka-Walus, Antonina General Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to explore The relationship of disordered eating behaviour Electrodermal activity as an indicator for whether improving gastroenterologists’ knowledge to femininity awareness instructed attention shifts between drawings of of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients’ Miskinyte, Audrone Kaunas, Lithuania Perminas, objects and abstract figures psychological status might impact patients’ clinical Aidas General psychology, Vytautas Magnus Michael, Lars Inst. fu¨ r Biopsychologie, Freie university, Kaunas, Lithuania outcomes. Methods: Twenty five depressed and/or Universita¨t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Walschburger, Objectives: The purpose of the study was to Peter Biopsychologie, Freie Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, anxious IBD patients were enrolled in this rando- examine the relationship of disordered eating Germany mised controlled trial. Over the year, physical and behaviour to femininity awareness in young wo- Pictures with emotional, attentional, or intentional psychological measures were made three monthly. men. Methods: Young women filled in EAT-26 and content have shown to elicit event related skin A two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used. rated other women on BRSI femininity scale items. conductance responses (SCRs). In the present Results: Anxiety decreased significantly for the first Student t-test was used in order to determine experiment 60 participants were instructed to count nine months in both groups (p=0.020). Experimen- differences between the groups. Results: Women either drawings of objects or abstract pictorial tal and control groups did not differ on any of the who demonstrate more disordered eating behaviour elements that, when an explanation was given, variables. Conclusion: Larger studies are needed tend to be more aware of femininity and tend to revealed a humorous meaning (so-called droodles). attribute more feminine traits to themselves. Wo- before concluding that this intervention is not When an attention shift between objects and the men who diet more attribute more feminine traits to effective. explained droodles was instructed, the variance themselves. Conclusions: Disordered eating beha- analysis showed increased SCR magnitudes for the viour is associated with femininity awareness and respective task relevant stimuli. These findings Psychological status and the course of the feminine trait attribution to oneself. illustrate that not only the meaningfulness of a disease in patients with chronic stimulus but also selective attentional processes are gastroenterological diseases: A cohort Social well-being, big five personality factors and suitable to enhance electrodermal responses. prospective management trial Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 self-esteem Mikocka-Walus, Antonina General Practice, Mohammadi, Fatemeh Tehran, Islamic Republic of University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Auditory extinction deficits in chronic Iran Nosratabadi, Masoud Psychology & Educational hemispatial neglect Objective: The aim of the study was to observe the s, Tehran University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Michalik, Romualda Berlin, Germany Gall, Carolin relationship between psychological status and The aims of this study were 1-to examine the University of Magdeburg, Inst. of Medical medical outcomes in patients with chronic gastro- discriminatory power of the Big Five for social well- Psychology, Magdeburg, Germany Fydrich, Thomas enterological diseases. Methods: Overall, 139 pa- being 2-to examine the unique contributions of Self- Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Institute of tients were enrolled in this cohort prospective Esteem, and Religiosity in the explanation of Social Psychology, Berlin, Germany Sabel, Bernhard A. management trial. Physical and psychological Well-being beyond Big Five. 240 students were University of Magdeburg, Inst. of Medical measures were made three monthly for a year. A included in this study. All students were asked to Psychology, Magdeburg, Germany logistic regression was conducted. Results: There complete social well-being, BFI, Self-Esteem & Auditory extinction was assessed in subjects with was no change over time in the tendency to relapse religiosity. Discriminate analysis, and hierarchical chronic neglect using three different types of regression were used. Findings revealed that high (p>0.05). There was no significant difference auditory double stimulation (task1: finger-clicking, and low levels of social well-being can be signifi- task2: dichotic listening of words, task3: dichotic between disease groups in their likelihood to relapse cantly discriminated by neuroticism and agreeable- listening of sounds). Performance of 22 subjects over time (p>0.05). Conclusion: Longer and larger ness in girls and by extraversion and agreeableness with chronic hemispatial neglect was compared to prospective studies are needed to better understand in boys. Hierarchical regression showed that Self- 45 control subjects without cerebral lesions and the relationship between psychological problems Esteem can significantly predict social well-being auditive deficits. Control subjects showed near and relapse of somatic symptoms in these patients. scores beyond Big Five. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 467

Coping in relation to the big five personality ing behaviours were significant for persons with Main sources of rendering of SS were relatives and factors traditional and modern spirituality. This work will friends of respondents. Mora´ n, Consuelo Psychology, Sociology and Ph., try to replicate these results including new means University of Leo´ n, Leo´ n, Spain (e.g. arts), and doing more detailed analyses of Distinctive manifestations of innovative dimensions of religion and modern spirituality. Objectives: To examine the relationship between teamwork skills in civil servants coping strategies and the "Big Five" personality Mykhailenko, Viktoria Organizational Psychology, factors in a sample of Spanish human services. How do Spanish students of educational sciences Institut of Psychology, Kiev, Ukraine Methods: A descriptive study was performed with perceive religion and spirituality? Objectives: Finding out main types and manifesta- 248 participants. They completed two self-report Mun˜ oz-Garcı´a, Antonio Educ. and Developm. tions of civil servants’ teamwork skills and their questionnaires, Ways of Coping and NEO-FFI. Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain place among innovative skills. Methods: Manage- Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Extraversion The purpose of this study is to investigate how rial skills questionnaire, Team-building behavior and conscientiousness was positively correlated students of educational sciences perceive religion questionnaire, Wetten and Cameron Orientation with planning, active coping, reframing, and seek- and spirituality. This topic is interesting because of toward innovations Scale. The investigation was ing social support. Neuroticism was positively the significance of spirituality in last years. The done on a sample of 118 civil servants. Results: correlated with escape-avoidance and negatively university students were asked to give their mean- Using the factorial and cluster analyses it was found with planning. Conclusions: Into the association ings of religion and spirituality and after analyzing that 81.9% of the respondents had basic team work between coping and personality, extraversion and the written expressions on them. We put attention skills (cooperation skills and positive self-esteem) conscientiousness are the most important factors. to the result observing whether the dimensions and only 19.0% had innovative teamwork skills Implications of these findings in relation to obtained are the same that produced by Ubani and (orientations toward a creative team-leader and previous research are discussed. Tirri (2006): the institutional dimension, the huma- team development). Conclusion: Civil servants’ nistic dimension, and the supernatural dimension, basic teamwork skills are more developed com- Big five personality factors and coping strategies and whether there are non traditional meanings of pared to innovative skills which calls for their in university students spirituality in a classical religious-cultural context. special innovative skills development training. Mora´ n, Consuelo Psychology, Sociology and Ph., University of Leo´ n, Leo´ n, Spain An exploration of leader’s emotional intelligence Self-efficacy and leadership: Identifying a process Objectives: To study the relationship between the within a top international financial institution variable mediating the effects of leadership on personality five factors and coping strategies in Mullally, Ruth Executive Talent Management, AIB, employees’ performance university students. Methods: In a descriptive study, Dublin 6, Ireland No¨ lting, Hanna Psychologisches Institut II, Universita¨t 334 participants completed: Ways of Coping and This study aims to explore trends and differences Mu¨ nster, Mu¨ nster, Germany Hell, Wolfgang NEO-FFI. Pearson correlation analysis and t-test. across Emotional Intelligence scores of AIB execu- Psychologisches Institut II, WWU Mu¨ nster, Mu¨ nster, Results: Extraversion, openness, and conscientious- tive leaders. The sample consists of 595 AIB Germany Rowold, Jens Psychologisches Institut II, ness correlated positively with planning, active executives from Ireland, UK and Poland from WWU Mu¨ nster, Mu¨ nster, Germany coping, positive reframing, and seeking social 2002 – 2008 that completed the ECI (an emotional Exploring the effects of different leadership styles support, and negatively with escape. Neuroticism intelligence 360„ instrument from Hay McBaer that on organisational criteria is a prominent research correlated positively with escape and negatively looks at self, manager, direct reports and peer field. The present study compared the simultaneous with planning and active coping. Conclusions: Into scores). Using SPSS, various statistical analysis was effects of two leadership styles (transformational the relationship between coping and personality, in conducted to identify differences and trends within leadership and LMX) on employees’ subjective young people, extraversion, openness, and con- the sample. Research is presently being conducted performance. Followers rated these leadership scientiousness are the most important factors. with final results expected in early March. styles of their respective supervisor in a sample of Implications of these findings in relation to German non-profit organisations. Employees’ oc- previous research are discussed. cupational self efficacy was assessed as a potential Relationship between cognitive and physical mediator of the anticipated effects. Results revealed functions in the community living elderly that LMX had a positive effect on employees’ Maintenance of and recovery from post- Murata, Shin Faculty of Health Care Science, Himeji performance and that this effect was mediated by traumatic stress disorder among civilian war Dokkyo University, Hyogo, Japan Oyama, Michie NPO self-efficacy. Surprisingly, transformational leader- survivors Hukusiyogunet, Non-Profit Organization, Hyogo, ship did not affect performance but self-efficacy. Morina, Nexhmedin Department of Psychology, Japan Murata, Jun Graduate School of Biomedical, Implications for leadership theory and practice are Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany Priebe, Nagasaki University, Hyogo, Japan Mizota, Katsuhiko discussed. Stefan Social & Community Psychia, Queen Mary, U. Faculty of Rehabilitation, Nishikyushu University, of London, London, United Kingdom CONNECT Hyogo, Japan Tsuda, Akira Department of group, The Social & Community Psychia, Queen Psychology, Kurume University, Hyogo, Japan Characteristics of body sway during stance in Mary, U. of London, London, Germany The cognitive and physical functions of 192 elderly pregnant women and influences of anxiety Little is known about the factors affecting the long- people who are living in the local community were during pregnancy on body sway term course of PTSD. The present paper describes evaluated. By simple correlation and multiple Nagai, Masanori Dept. of Physiology, Yamanashi Inst. the results of the CONNECT project (funded by regression analyses, the educational background, Environm. Sci., Fujiyoshida, Japan Ishida, Mitsuo Commission of the European Union) that has finger dexterity, and time of walking in a 10-m Physiology, Yamanashi Inst. Environm. Sci., investigated long-term clinical and social outcomes course with obstacles were extracted as factors Fujiyoshida, Japan Arii, Yoshie Nursing, Yamanashi among more than 4.000 people with war experi- related to their cognitive function. Statistically, Prefectural Universi, Kofu, Japan Natori, Hatsumi ences in countries of Ex-Yugoslavia and refugees in cognitive function was correlated with the duration Nursing, Yamanashi Prefectural Univ., Fujiyoshida, Western Europe. Preliminary results of the follow- of education, finger dexterity, and reduced walking Japan Wada, Maki College of Law, Nihon Univ., up interviewing show that a significant number of time in a 10-m course with obstacles. These results Tokyo, Japan people who met criteria for PTSD at t1 have suggest that intervention to increase finger dexterity Pregnant women experience great changes in body recovered from PTSD at t2 (one year later). This and training to improve walking ability in different alignment and mental state. In pregnant women, we presentation will focus on the risk and recovery situations are Effective for the prevention of should have explored characteristics of body sway during Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 factors related to the course of PTSD. be initiated to prevent age-related decreases in stance and influences of anxiety on body sway. The cognitive function in the elderly. area of body sway was greater in pregnant women than that in age-matched, non-pregnant women. Means for developing spirituality: Different for There was no difference in path-length of body classic religiosity and modern spirituality? Necessary and received social support in times of sway between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Mun˜ oz-Garcı´a, Antonio Educ. and Developm. economic crisis A fast Fourie’s transform (FFT) analysis of body Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Muzdybaev, Kuanyshbek Psychology of Morality, The sway has shown that pregnant women rely on Although from a traditional perspective traditional Institute of Sociology, St. Petersburg, Russia somatosensory inputs to maintain standing posture means (eg reading of sacred texts), are considered Purposes of researches were to establish dynamics more greatly than non-pregnant women. Higher goods means for developing spirituality (classical), of necessary and received social support (SS) by anxiety during pregnancy increased the area and other elements are significant when we ask people representatives of different social groups during path-length of body sway. whether proposed, no traditional means (eg. see a economic crisis. Results of two researches are beautiful landscape), are good means for develop- informed. In everyone of sample were 700 persons. ing spirituality. A previous study related traditional It is established: in the middle of 90th years over Leadership of managers as a facilitator of good spiritual means with measures of traditional reli- 83% of respondents were required in several kinds safety management: A unique contribution of the giosity (Mun˜oz-Garcı´a, 2007), but they were of SS, however, need for help less than half Japanese association of traffic negatively related with dimensions of modern requiring was satisfied. Basic obstacle of a low level psychologyNagatsuka, Yasuhiro Niigata, Japan spirituality. These were positively associated with of granting of SS was not only scarcity of economic Objectives: Current findings of a road safety new age practices and elements of sexuality. Help- resources but significant disintegrations of society. campaign study commenced in 1996 by the 468 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Japanese Association of Traffic Psychology are One hundred students of medicine participated in significant (p=.004) percentage of variance in WAS reported. Methods: The campaign was aimed at this study in two conditions: control condition and after controlling for gender, age, severity of worry, removing ‘‘Looked But Failed To See’’ (LBFTS) and just before exam. They solved mental subtract- trait-anxiety, and depression (total adjusted error bcause it was ‘‘LBFTS ’’ that headed accident ing serial seven arithmetic task. The subjects had to R2=.169). IU was the only significant predictor in statistics. Company president and/or other top pronounce aloud and simultaneously to write the the final equation. Conclusions: these results high- executives of ten companies actively participated results. The results of digitalized voice showed light the potential role of intolerance of uncertainty in action research with their colleague drivers. higher intensity of voice and longer pauses, but in the explanation of excessive worry in the old age. Results: In various transportation companies group shorter duration of the utterance due to anticipa- cooperation in organizations was facilitated de- tion stress. Changes of graphomotoric expression in Are differences in reading performance between pending on the leadership of managers. As results the magnitude and distance of written units students with or without LD better explained in accidents reduced in most companies. Conclusions: coresponded the changes of voice caracteristics. terms of IQ or reading-related cognitive deficits? The campaign was considered to be informative for O’Shanahan, Isabel Dida´ cticas Especı´ficas, Facultad developing advanced safety management in com- de Educacio´ n, La Laguna, Spain Jime´ nez, Juan E. pany. Personality characters and emotional intelligent in students of distance education university Psicologı´a, Facultad de Psicologı´a, La Laguna, Spain Nikpour, Gholam Ali Dept. of Psychology, Medical The focus of the study reported here was to explore Comparative study of memory deficits in younger Clinic of Dr. Mosavi, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran the effects of the IQ and reading-related cognitive and older adults Allahyari, Abbas Ali Dept. of Psychology, University deficits in the explanation of differences in reading Najam, Najma Applied Psychology and Psychol, of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran performance between students with or without LD. Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan Noor, Fatima Homayouni, Alireza Dept. of Psychology, Islamic Azad A sample of 443 Spanish children (264 Male, 179 Behaviorual Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Babol (Amirkola), Islamic Republic of Iran female) were classified into four groups according University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Mosavi Amiri, Seyed Jalal Dept. of Psychology, to IQ as measured by the Culture Fair (or Free) Objectives: To assess and compare verbal and Dr.Mosavi Clinic, Babol (Amirkola), Islamic Republic Intelligence Tests Raven (,80, 81-90, 91-109, 110- working memory, visuomotor abilities and verbal of Iran 140) and into two groups based on reading level fluency of older and younger adults. Methods: A The study investigated this research question that (LD and NLD). Our findings indicate that IQ does sample of 40 adults was administered Weschler are there specific personality characters that related not explain the differences between children with Memory Scale, Benton Visual Retention Test to emotional intelligent ? Method research is LD and NLD children in reading-related cognitive (BVRT) Controlled Word Oral Association Test causative-comparative (Ex post facto).73 students deficits. (CWOAT) Results: Older adults have deficits in of distance education university were randomly working and visual memory with significant decline selected and Mokioly’s Characterlogy Inventory An investigation of the source(s) of conscious age. No significant difference in verbal memory (MCI) and Shutt Emotional Intelligent Inventor- awareness of action were found. Conclusion: Evaluation of memory / y(SEII) were administered on them. The inventory Obhi, Sukhvinder Dept. of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier cognitive functioning is needed for intervention assesses personality based on eight characters: University, Waterloo, Canada sanguine, indifferent,nervous,indolent,indignant,- Participants made judgments about the initiation The influence of perceptions of retirement on passionate,sentimentee, amorphous. Data analyzed times of active and passive key-presses that varied psychological well-being with ANOVA. Results showed significant differ- in their force. Judgments were made by reporting Nakasu, Yuka human sciences, Osaka University, ences between grades of emotional intelligent in the position of a rotating clock hand. Results Suita-shi, Osaka-hu, Japan personality caracters that most of students with showed that awareness of action for both active and This study examined the effects of perceptions of high in emotional intelligent are indignant and passive movements was anticipatory and identical, retirement on marital relationship and life satisfac- nervous. Conclusion: The finding can be used for and that judgments of forceful movements were less tion after retirement. The questionnaires consisted predicting and increasing of social interaction and anticipatory than judgments of softer movements. of perceptions of retirement, marital companion- academic performance in university in regard to This suggests that the signal underlying conscious ship, marital satisfaction, and psychological well- individual differences specially personality factors. awareness of movement initiation was not premo- being. They were administered to 200 retired men tor, but instead related to sensory feedback arising and women, whose ages ranged from 60 to 70 years Incidence of anxiety in students of Azad Islamic from the movement. Thus, the brain can use old. Perceptions of retirement were categorized into University efferent and afferent information sources for three types (positive, neutral and negative). The Noughani, Fatemeh Faculty of Nursing and Midwife, conscious decisions about action timing. results indicated that positive perceptions of retire- Tehran University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran ment influenced marital satisfaction and psycholo- Introduction: Approximately so percents of adults Effects of horticultural therapy activities on mood gical well-being mediated by marital with 15-45 years old have experienced a psychiatric in students of occupational therapy department companionship. In contrast, negative perceptions problem. Methods and materials:This study is an Ogawa, Noriyuki Occupational Therapy, Kyushu of retirement were associated with marital and life analytic-descriptive research that examines stu- University of H&W, Nobeoka, Miyazaki-Prif., Japan dissatisfaction. dents’ anxiety of Azad University, Varamin- Pishva Koura, Seigo Occupational Therapy, Kyushu Branch.The samples were 400 students.Data collec- University of H&W, Nobeoka, Miyazaki-Prif., Japan Are normal narcissists psychologically healthy in tion tool was questionnaire including two sections: Oshikawa, Takeshi Occupational Therapy, Kyushu stressful daily life? First section consist 17 questions about demo- University of H&W, Nobeoka, Miyazaki-Prif., Japan Nakayama, Rumiko Nagoya University, Yokkaichi, graphic data, Second section consist SCL-90 test It is usual in the student of the Occupational Japan anxiety. Findings:The results of this research Therapy Department to often feel the stress by the This study was to examine correlation between showed that prevalence of anxiety in students were clinical training. These researches were an investi- narcissism and psychological health considering 22.2 percents. Conclusion:Because high prevalence gation into changing attitudes among their students amount of daily (life event) stress. Participants rate of mental disorders in students of university, that participated in horticultural therapy activities. were 239 undergraduates, and they completed we recommended advices for promotion of anxiety The ‘Profile of Mood State’ was used to measure narcissism scale at Time1, and scale of anger and in university such as consultation centers. changes in students’ moods and emotions. Conse- depression, life event stress at Time1, 2 (Time 1: quently, the values for negative factors decreased Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 October, 2006, Time 2: January, 2007). There was The relation between intolerance of uncertainty after the horticultural therapy activities. The noticeable difference between low stress and high benefits of horticultural activities with occupational and worry about ambiguous situations in older stress group. That is, in the low stress group, adults therapy technique can be seen not only in the area narcissistic grandiosity lessens depression in 3 of general therapeutic effect but also in the positive Nuevo, Roberto Psychiatry Service, Hospital de la month (-.20, p,.001), however, in the high stress effects on all related peoples’ emotional health. Princesa, MADRID, Spain Ma´ rquez-Gonza´ lez, Marı´a group, such impact was not showed (.06, n.s.). Psicologia Biologica y de la S, Universidad Auto´ noma Results indicate that impact of narcissistic grandi- de Madrid, MADRID, Spain Cabrera, Isabel Psicologia Incessant unrest in Kaduna state, Nigeria: Youths osity is situation-dependent. Biologica y de la S, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, involvement and its implication for their MADRID, Spain Montorio, Ignacio Psicologia educational development. Graphomotoric and vocal expression in the stress Biologica y de la S, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ohidah, Eunice Ozavive Education, Kaduna condition MADRID, Spain Polytechnic Kaduna, Kaduna, Nigeria Kato, Rosemary Nesic, Milkica DEpartment of Physiology, Faculty of Objective: to explore the relations between Intoler- EDUCATION (TECHNICAL), KADUNA POLYTECHNIC, Medicine, Nis, Serbia Nesic, Vladimir DEpartment of ance of Uncertainty (IU) and Worry about KADUNA, KADUNA, Nigeria Omengala, Arikeola Psychology, Faculty of Phisiolophy, Nis, Cicevic, Ambiguous Situations (WAS) in older adults. EDUCATION (TECHNICAL), KADUNA POLYTECHNIC, Svetlana DEpartment of Management, Faculty of Method: 111 community-dwelling older adults KADUNA, KADUNA, Nigeria Transport and Traff, Belgrade, completed measures of IU, WAS, severity of worry, Kaduna State occupies a very strategic position in The aim of this investigation was to explore the trait-anxiety, and depression. Results: A hierarch- the academic development of Nigerian Nation. effects of stress on the graphomotoric behaviour. ical regression analysis revealed that IU explained a Premiere universities, polytechnics and monotech- Wednesday 23rd July 2008 469

nics in Northern Nigeria are located there. It is disorders is 17.2% for men and 31.3% for women. itate woman leadership. In particular the following known as centre of learning. But crises of different Significant correlations was between mental dis- aspects will be discussed: a)partner realtionship; nature have bedeviled it and distorted its prospect orders and age, sex, education, marriage, employ- b)woman and family; c)sexual understanding; d) for fast educational development, especially among ment, family history. The most prevalent disorders strategies for woman leadership in our times. the youths. This study looked at the involvement of were Dysthymic disorder(5.8%),generalized anxie- youths in such crises as most of the time they were ty(5.3%),and depression(3.3%). Conclusion: Preva- Assessing the equivalence of computerized vs. blamed for the unrest. How has this affected their lence of mental disorders is (24.2%). face-to-face leaderless group discussion:A task- educational development? How can they be en- technology fit perspective gaged in targeted activities towards their educa- Phonological advance planning in sentence Pan, Lushan School of Management, Zhejiang tional development? Samples are drawn from both production University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China Urban and Rural centers. BY: E. O OHIDAH; R. Oppermann, Frank Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie I, Universita¨t Fan, Wei KATO AND A. A. OMENGALA KADUNA Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Jescheniak, Jo¨rgD.Institut This study compared the predictive validity between POLYTECHNIC, KADUNA NIGERIA fu¨ r Psychologie I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, computerized and face-to-face leaderless group Germany Schriefers, Herbert NICI, Radboud discussion (LGD) in different tasks. Seventy-two Odor identification impairment predicts cognitive University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands 5-person groups of university students worked in decline and Alzheimer’s disease Our study addressed the scope of phonological either computerized or face-to-face LGD on both Olofsson, Jonas Dept. of Psychology, Stockholm advance planning, extending previous work on cooperation and competition situation. ANOVA of University, Stockholm, Sweden Ro¨ nnlund, Michael phrase production (Jescheniak et al., 2003, test data showed that there is no significant Department of Psychology, Umea˚ University, Umea˚, JEP:HPP). Participants decribed visual scenes by difference between medium when applicant per- Sweden Nordin, Steven Department of Psychology, producing sentences in various formats, while formed in the cooperation task. However, differ- Umea˚ University, Umea˚ , Sweden Hedner, Margareta ignoring auditory distractors phonologically related ence in the competition task, with computerized Psychology department, Stockholm University, or unrelated to either the depicted agents or LGD reporting lower predictive validity. Further- Stockholm, Sweden Nilsson, Lars-Go¨ ran Psychology patients. Distractors related to a noun in the more, to investigate the effect mechanism of department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, utterance-initial phrase consistently facilitated the medium on applicant performance, this study found Sweden Nyberg, Lars Dept. of Radiation Sciences, naming response, while distractors related to a non- that socioemotional communication as well as task- Umea˚ University, Umea˚ , Sweden Larsson, Maria initial noun interfered with it. This interference oriented communication plays important mediating Psychology department, Stockholm University, effect was modulated by the serial position of the roles between medium and criterion. Stockholm, Sweden second noun. Overall, our findings suggest that the scope of phonological advance planning might well Assessment of odor identification ability (ODID) The contribution of sex-role identity to vocational span over a complete sentence. has been proposed to improve early detection of interests and occupational preference in Greek Alzheimer’s disease (AD), since olfactory structures adolescents are affected in early stages of AD. We investigated The development and validation of Dichotomous Paraskevopoulou, Polyxeni Athens, Greece Kontoulis, the relationship between ODID and cognitive thinking scale Ioannis PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS, functioning (MMSE) to AD conversion within a Oshio, Atsushi Dept. of Psychology, Chubu ATHENS, Greece Pischos, Charalampos five-year test interval using data from the large- University, Kasugai, Japan PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS, ATHENS, scale, longitudinal Betula study. Preliminary results Dichotomous thinking is to think things as binary Greece indicate that ODID impairment is associated with opposition. This thinking style is helpful for us to Measures of sex-role orientation, vocational inter- AD conversion, as well as to cognitive decline in understand things easily. But it is also related to ests and occupational preference are obtained from non-demented elderly, at five years post-test. The some negative psychological constructs such as adolescents pupils. The aim of the study is to define results suggest that olfactory deficits are indicative borderline personality disorder and perfectionism. the orientation between sex-role identity (masculi- of changes in the aging brain. The purpose of this study was to develop useful and nity and androgyny) and vocational interests well-validated inventory of dichotomous thinking. (Holland’s vocational types), as well as, the relation The Road to Happiness? Car use and subjective Participants were 386 Japanese undergraduates. between sex-role identity and adolescents’ occupa- well-being Factor analysis of Dichotomous Thinking Inven- tional interests. Additionally, interaction of parents’ Olsson, Lars E. Center for Consumer Science, tory revealed two factors; preference for dichotomy occupation to adolescents’ vocational interests and Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden and dichotomous belief. Both subscales positively occupational preference is examined. Jakobsson, Cecilia Center for Consumer Science, related to borderline personality disorder scale. People who score high on the inventory were rated Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden Effects of concept mapping on nursing students as chary and open-and-shut person by their friends. Gamble, Amelie Center for Consumer Science, learning retention Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden Parsa Yekta, Zoreh Medical-Surgical Nursing, Tehran Ga¨ rling, Tommy Center for Consumer Science, Frequency effects in reading words mixed with Univ. of Medical Scienc, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden nonwords in the Italian transparent orthography Iran Parsa Yekta, Zohreh MEDICAL-SURGICAL Are there any interactions between, on the one Paizi, Despina ISTC-CNR, Rome, Italy Zoccolotti, NURSING, TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL S, hand, motives for car use and access to a car, and Pierluigi Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, TEHRAN, Islamic Republic of Iran Taghavi, Taraneh on the other hand, everyday travel and activity Rome, Italy Burani, Cristina ISTC, CNR, Rome, Italy MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING, TEHRAN patterns, satisfaction with transportation, and When in transparent scripts words are mixed with UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL S, TEHRAN, Islamic subjective well-being? A questionnaire containing nonwords, word frequency effects can be elimi- Republic of Iran (i) cognitive and affective evaluations of life nated. Readers either de-emphasise the lexical route Objective:determination of concept mapping’s ef- satisfaction, (ii) transportation satisfaction, as well (route de-emphasis) or homogenise reaction times fects on nursing students learning retention.Mater- as (iii) different measures associated to everyday for all stimuli by adjusting a time criterion for ial&Methods:a quasi-experimental research activities, will provide answers. Responses from (i) articulation (time criterion account). With four list :experimental(n=106)control(n=99)was designe- 3000 randomly selected households (autumn 2007), manipulations we assessed frequency effects in d(lecture for case and concept mapping for control and (ii) 100 families agreeing to change their reading aloud words and nonwords in Italian. No group,data collection by a questionnaire).Re- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 transport behaviour, will be analysed. The latter list context effect was found, but frequency effects sults:The scores of the case was considerably higher families will answer questionnaires repeatedly, both remained constant irrespective of list manipulation. than the control group(p,0.005).There was a before their changes (autumn 2007) and after These results pose a challenge for the route de- significant statistical difference(p,0.05)between (spring 2008). emphasis and the time criterion accounts. Reading the mean score of cumulative post-test(case=73.29/ nonwords may be easier in Italian than in English, 100&control=68.69/100)as well as scores of reten- therefore strategic control is unnecessary. tion test(case=72.40/100&control53.30/100). Con- Epidemiology of mental disorders in urbanized areas of Natanz in Iran clusion: The concept mapping as a teaching method has significant effects on nursing student Omidi, Abdollah Dept. of Health, Kashan Medical Woman and leadership: Steps towards learning and their retention. University, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran authentication Abstract Objectives: The present study was an Palumbo, Gabriella Dept. of Ontopsychology, A.I.O., epidemiological assessment of mental disorders NGO in UN Cons. Status, Rome, Italy Bermabei, Problem-based learning and graduates’ among 15 years or older residents of urbanized Pamela A.I.O. - F.A.i.L., Italy, Roma, Italy competencies areas of the Natanz. Methods: 650 families The aim of the work is : 1)to describe how to Patria, Bhina INCHER, Universita¨ t Kassel, Kassel, randomly were selected, then randomly one person analyse and advice psychologically, socially and Germany from each family. After General Health Question- economically woman from adolescence to maturity; This paper investigates differences in competencies naire 62 man and 107 women were above cut off 2) to present the application of ontopsychological among graduates. Two groups were compared, point, evaluated by clinical interviews according to approach to evolve female leaderistic attitude; 3)to group of graduates who studied in higher education DSM-IV criteria. Results: The rate of mental identify and discuss concrete suggestions to facil- with a high emphasis on problem-based learning 470 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

(group 1); and group of graduates who studied in b) to identify the predictive variables of positive The effet of sadness and age on components of higher education institution with less emphasis on attitudes about conflict. The sample consists of 90 attention problem-based learning (group 2). CHEERS data children aged 7 to 9. The study uses correlational Quaireau, Christophe Lab. of Exp. Psychology, which consist of 2000 graduates from 13 countries methodology. Pearson coefficients show strong University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France Lemercier, in Europe and Japan were analysed. The result of t- relationships between positive attitudes about con- Celine Lab. travail et cognition, University of test analysis indicates that there are significant flict and higher levels of intellectual and socio- Toulouse, Toulouse, France Boujon, Christophe Lab. differences of competencies between graduates in emotional development. Through multiple regres- of Psychology -, University of Angers, Angers, France group 1 and 2. Group 1 have higher competencies Driver inattention is thought to cause many sion analyses, the following variables were identi- in Leadership, Personal working skills, Organisa- automobile crashes. Inattention appears when fied as predictors of positive attitudes about tional skills, Interpersonal skills and Field-related information, non pregnant and non relevant knowledge. conflict: self-evaluation as a creative person, low mobilize our mind, like negative emotion and aggressiveness, and high non-verbal intelligence. rumination. This study explore the effect of sadness The ANOVA results do not reveal gender or age and the effect of age on three components of The effectiveness of the leadership: The feedback differences in attitudes about conflict. attention (alert, orientation and executive control) of the collaborators like element of comparison measured with the attention network test – ANT and increase for the manager (Fan 2002). Subjects are assessed by a computerized Does life satisfaction change over a year?: Pellegrini, Matteo Psychological Department, ANT task without or after a negative mood Different answer among different age groups Universita` di Verona, Verona, Italy Nocera, Antonio induction (Mayer, 1995) and instruction to get Pezzuti, Lina Dep. Clinical Psychology, Universita di Psychological Department, Universita` di Verona, gloomy thoughts. Anova is used to put forward the Roma, Roma, Italy Artistico, Daniele Baruch COllege, Verona, Italy Tronchet, Stefano Psychological effect of sadness and the effect of age on the three The City University of New Yor, New York, USA Department, Universita` di Verona, Verona, Italy components of attention. Bellotto, Massimo Psychological Department, Picone, Laura Dep. Clinical Psychology, Faculty Universita` di Verona, Verona, Italy Psycology, ROMA, Italy The aim of this research is to explore the percep- Objectives. The objective of this work is to study life Basic level as the pattern of activation in the tions of managers and those of their collaborators satisfaction among older adults. Methods. To conceptual system about the most-effective leadership-styles (optimal- accomplish this goal we designed a longitudinal Radchikova, Nataly Dept. of Psychology, BSPU, style) to put them in relationship each others and study by recruiting 80 older adults that were tested Minsk, Belarus with behaviours (really) used. The sample consists twice (average follow-up 408 days). Life Satisfac- It is proposed to explain cognitive privilege of some in 100 European managers and 600 collaborators. tion scores were analysed in conjunction with categories in taxonomy (basic level effect) by a The survey instrument is a questionnaire on indices of education, health, and age. Results. After higher activation of corresponding concepts in the Leadership-style (Blake-Mouton-Managerial-Grid- conceptual system of individual. Three conse- follow-up life-satisfaction scores decreased overall. Model). Analysis of data highlights strong corre- quences of this explanation are experimentally However, significant interactions with age, educa- spondences, in the two groups, about the perception checked and allow to make the following conclu- of the optimal leadership-style. In both groups, tion, and health were found to explain part of the sions: 1. Basic level(s) could be easily shifted or however, there are significant differences between variance. Specifically, life satisfaction did not added because the mechanism of activation has to optimal leadership-style and really-used style and decrease among the ‘‘young-older’’ adults (65-75 be quick and efficient to serve for adaptation between self-perception of managers about their yrs) with a higher level of education and the ‘‘old- purposes. 2. There is no connection between basic behaviours and perception of the collaborators older’’ adults (76+) in good health. level and typicality: both typical and atypical about manager behaviours. members of categories may show basic level effect. 3. Some abstract concepts could show basic level Prevalence of pain in veterans suffering from effect. Empirical evidence of the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder impulsivity and aggression Poundja, Joaquin Research Centre, Douglas Hospital, Pereda, Noemi Assess. and Psych. Treatment, Montreal, Canada Fikretoglu, Deniz Research Centre, Return to work after major depression: A 5-year University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Gallardo Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Canada Brunet, Alain naturalistic follow-up study Pujol, David Pers., Assess. & Psych. Tr, University of Research Centre, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Canada Raitasalo, Raimo Research Department, The Social Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Garcı´a Forero, Carlos Objectives: To assess for the prevalence of physical Insurance Instituti, Helsinki, Finland Toikka, Tuula Pers., Assess. & Psych. Tr, University of Barcelona, pain in veterans suffering from post-traumatic Research Department, The Social Insurance Instituti, Barcelona, Spain Maydeu Olivares, Alberto Pers., stress disorder (PTSD), and to compare this Helsinki, Finland Salminen, Jouko Research Assess. & Psych. Tr, University of Barcelona, prevalence to other samples of pain suffering Department, National Public Health Institu, Turku, Barcelona, Spain Andre´ s Pueyo, Antonio Pers., patients. Methods: We administered the Brief Pain Finland Saarija¨ rvi, Simo Department of Psychiatry, Assess. & Psych. Tr, University of Barcelona, Inventory and the PTSD Checklist at a Veterans Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Barcelona, Spain Affairs Canada PTSD clinic (N=130). Confidence Objectives. Do baseline psychiatric and psycholo- Introduction: There is a misconception in the gical factors predict return to work of depressive intervals were used for pain prevalence compar- literature about the impulsive aggression concept. outpatients? Methods. The study group comprised isons. Results: Nearly 87% of these veterans were Objective: Our aim was to provide empirical 131 depressive outpatients, who were on sick leave evidence of the relationship between impulsivity suffering from pain; these rates were similar/higher due to their illness. Several psychological measures and aggression. Methods: BIS and AQ-R were than most of those reported by populations as the Beck Hopelessness Scale and WAIS-R were administered to 768 healthy respondents. Pearson’s suffering from a physical disability/illness or cancer used. Statistical tests were Students t, chi-square and canonical correlations were then calculated. A pain. Conclusions: Pain is a major issue in PTSD and logistic regression analysis. Results. Return to Principal Components Analysis was also conducted suffering veterans and should be screened for. work after five years was associated with sel- to explore whether impulsive aggression can be efficacy and motivation to stay at work. Conclu- defined phenotypically as a single component. sions. When palnning treatment for depressive Nightlife leisure of people between 15 and 35 Results: The common variance between impulsivity patients, it is important to support their ability to years old: A case study in a Spanish city and aggressiveness was never higher than 42%. The sustain hopefulness and motivation. Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 PCA reveals that one component is not enough to Prado Gasco´ , Vicente Javier Psicologia Social, represent all the variables. Conclusion: Our results Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain Quintanilla show that impulsivity and aggressiveness are two Pardo, Ismael Psicologia Social, Universidad de Autobiographical memory in remitted bipolar separate, although related constructs. Valencia, valencia, Spain disorder Objectives: Describe and analyze ‘‘Nightlife Lei- Ramos, Ines Psicologia Aplicada, ISPA - Instituto sure’’ perception of people involved in the phenom- Superior de, Almada, Portugal Cla´ udio, Victor Clı´nica, Socio-emotional and intellectual correlations in enon. Show the Generalized profile of that people. ISPA, Lisboa, Portugal children’s attitudes about conflict Compare the profile with other groups. H1: People Memory processing and recall in bipolar disorder Perez Fernandez, Jose Ignacio Personality and of the generalized profile are less aware of the were studied analysing the valence and structure of Psychological, Faculty of Psychology, San Sebastian, ‘‘Nightlife leisure’’ drawbacks than others evoked autobiographical memories. A group of Spain Garaigordobil Landazabal, Maite Personality subjects with bipolar disorder (n=15) was compared H1.1:Women are more aware H1.2:Old People are and Psychological, Faculty of Psychology, San with a group without psychopathological symptoms more aware H1.3:Post-university are more aware Sebastian, Spain Maganto Mateo, Carmen (n=15). The individuals were evaluated using the Personality and Psychological, Faculty of Psychology, H1.4:People that go out more than 8 times are more Autobiographical Memory Task, Beck Depression San Sebastian, Spain aware H1.5:People that spend less than 20 Euros a Inventory, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hipomania The purpose of this study is two-fold: a) to study night are more aware Methods Administration of Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the concomitant relationships between children’s the DSM. Factor analysis, correlations, regression, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The bipolar group attitude about conflict and different factors of their ANOVA, (SPSS14). Sample=1022 subjects. Results reported a frequent recall of negative and catego- intellectual and socio-emotional development; and The hypothesis have been partially confirmed rical autobiographical memories. This study sug- Wednesday 23rd July 2008 471

gests that the predominance of general autobiogra- amount of interference. In the present study, the left Intervention-engagement and its role in the phical memories maintains and increases symptoms hand responded to targets in the bottom of the effectiveness of stage-matched interventions: in bipolar disorder. screen and the right hand to targets in the top of the Evidence from an online study on physical screen to determine if the contralateral effect is activity Richert, Jana Inst. Gesundheitspsychologie, Freie Psychological practices in public health services based on conflict between hands or space. Results Universita¨t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Lippke, Sonia in Brazil suggest that side of space is key to the effect. Health Psychology, Freie Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Rasera, Emerson F. Instituto de Psicologia, Germany Ziegelmann, Jochen Health Psychology, Uberlaˆ ndia, Brazil Goya, Ana Carolina A. Instituto de Freie Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Psicologia, Univ. Federal de Uberlaˆ ndia, Uberlaˆ ndia, The effectiveness of stage-matched interventions Objectives To test whether stage-matched treat- Brazil in promoting multiple health behaviours This study aims to describe the psychological Remme, Lena Berlin, Germany Lippke, Sonia Health ments are superior to mismatched and control practices developed in public health services in a Psychology, FU Berlin, Berlin, Germany Wiedemann, treatments in the promotion of physical activity. To Brazilian city. The data was collected by semi- Amelie Ulrike Health Psychology, FU Berlin, Berlin, investigate the relationship between intervention- structured interviews with nineteen psychologists Germany Ziegelmann, Jochen Phillip Health engagement and the different interventions. Meth- and analyzed through the constructionist perspec- Psychology, FU Berlin, Berlin, Germany Reuter, Tabea ods N=427 participants were randomized to a tive. The main results were: emphasis on individual Health Psychology, FU Berlin, Berlin, Germany stage-matched, mismatched or control treatment. psychotherapy; group activities as a response to the Gravert, Christian Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik, Multivariate analyses; baseline, 1- and 6-months increasing mental health demand; absence of Deutsche Bahn AG, Berlin, Germany follow-up measures. Results Stage-matched inter- activities related to health promotion and preven- Objectives: Testing the effectiveness of a stage- ventions were superior to all other conditions with regard to motivational and volitional variables. tion; lack of social-political involvement; unfami- matched intervention in promoting physical activity liarity with the directions of the National Health Intervention-engagement was a marginally signifi- and healthy nutrition in a randomized controlled cant moderator. Type of intervention had no effect System. These results point to the need to promote trial. Methods: Participants (N=442) were rando- changes in Psychology training in Brazil in order to on level of intervention-engagement. Conclusions mized to stage-matched or standard-care treat- offer a better response to public health needs. Interventions are most effective in promoting ments. Multivariate analyses in a longitudinal physical activity when they are stage-matched and design (1-month follow-up). Results: Physical ac- when intervention-engagement is high. With a little help from my spouse...: Shared tivity: The stage-matched intervention was superior everyday-life knowledge facilitates collaboration to the standard-care intervention in increasing goal- in old age Integrated diagnostic and health prevention for Rauers, Antje Lifespan Psychology, MPI for Human setting and behaviour. Nutrition: The stage- nursing staff in elderly care Development, Berlin, Germany Riediger, Michaela matched intervention was superior in behaviour Richter, Peter Arbeits-, Organis.-Psychologie, Techn. Lifespan Psychology, MPI for Human Development, promotion, and as effective as the standard-care Universita¨t Dresden, Dresden, Germany Berlin, Germany Schmiedek, Florian Lifespan intervention in enhancing goal-setting. Conclusions: The work-place situation of nurses is characterised by high work demands and vulnerability for stress– Psychology, MPI for Human Development, HU, Berlin, Compared to standard-care, stage-matched inter- related health outcomes (Schaufeli, 2007). Risk- Germany Lindenberger, Ulman Lifespan Psychology, ventions are effective interventions to promote a MPI for Human Development, Berlin, Germany models require the combined analysis of psycholo- healthy lifestyle. Stage theories serve as a valid Older adults may compensate for individual losses gical and physical workload. This study, consisting in cognitive performance by collaborating with theoretical backdrop when designing interventions. of 194 nurses in elderly care (response rate: 85, 6 %), others. We predict that using shared everyday intended to identify risk factors at work by use of questionnaires and objective method. Muscle pain knowledge with a familiar partner facilitates this To be or not to be at risk: Spontaneous reactions and reduced psychological health were associated collaboration, especially for older adults. In an to risk information with high psychological job demands, non- perma- experimental paradigm based on the game Taboo, Renner, Britta Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t participants had to explain target words to another nent work contracts, and increased physical work- Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany load. In addition, poor ergonomic conditions, person using as few hints as possible. 76 younger The present study examined spontaneous responses (20-30 years), and 84 older adults (70-80 years) reduced social support, and information deficits, after cholesterol and blood pressure risk feedback worked once with an unfamiliar partner, and once jointly, are correlated with higher muscle-skeletal with their spouses. As predicted, especially older in South Koreans (N = 951). Most spontaneous complaints. adults profited from collaborating with their responses were related to four types of reactions: spouses, and from the strategy of using shared Emotions, feedback valence, expectedness, and Willingness to support the elderly: The view of everyday-life knowledge. lifestyle change. This pattern emerged consistently adult children and the elderly across different threat levels (low, borderline high, Ries, Thierry FLSHASE, Universita¨ t Luxemburg, To identify the health status and social high risk) and across different types of risk feedback Walferdange, Luxembourg Ferring, Dieter INSIDE, interaction of the elderly in earth quake areas of (cholesterol, blood pressure). Importantly, three out University of Luxembourg, Walferdange, Pakistan of the four most often generated types of reactions Luxembourg Rauf, Nelofar Dept. of Psychology, Quaid A Azam (emotions, expectedness, and lifestyle change) are An over-ageing of European societies will have consequences in several domains especially with University, Islamabad, Pakistan Akbar, Asma public comparably underrepresented in previous research. health trainer, Helpage International, Islamabad, respect to social expenditures, health provision and Moreover, the results suggest that predominantly Pakistan education. People may live longer but this does also It was a baseline study conducted in 38 IDP camps adaptive response patterns were generated in the imply that they will sometimes be longer in need of of Muzaffarabad and Hatian Bala. Results identi- face of personally consequential feedback. health care. The present study picked up the notion fied that Athritus is more commonly indicated of supporting the elderly in case of sickness and disability. In a first study on 2.175 subjects (60-90 illness in IDP camps that is 497 cases were Prideful self-reliance: older men’s account of identified. While second to arthritis are eye years), the view of the elderly concerning the masculinity in caregiving Problems 9.9%. Out of 2190 caretakers/family willingness of their offspring to support them was Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Ribeiro, Oscar M. ICBAS - UP, UNIFAI, Porto, Portugal members of elderly 1155 (52.7%) replied that they analyzed; in a second study this willingness was Pau´ l, Constanc¸a ICBAS - UP, UNIFAI, Porto, Portugal are aware of the illness/disease of the elderly in their investigated in a sample of 1.208 adult children (40- Literature on older men as family caregivers has home. Before earthquake most of the elderly 50 years). population (63.1%) in the IDP camps daily socialize been increasing as it has the efforts in under- with other people in their area while after the standing later life masculinities. This qualitative A behavioural intervention program to prevent disaster this percentage reduced to 47.6%. study relied on a sample of 50 men aged 65+ (mean HIV/STI and unwanted pregnancies among age 78 years) caring for their dependent wives, and Mexican adolescents Bimanual distractor interference aimed to identify their major difficulties and coping Robles Montijo, Silvia Susana Investigacio´ n-UIICSE, Ray, Matthew Kinesiology, University of Calgary, strategies used to deal with the situation. Main FES Iztacala-UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Mexico Moreno Calgary, Canada Welsh, Tim Kinesiology, University burdening consequences are related to changes in Rodrı´guez, Diana Investigacio´ n-UIICSE, FES of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Weeks, Daniel interpersonal relationship dynamics, the presence of IZTACALA-UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Me´ xico., Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, sub-clinical depressive symptoms and self-negligent Mexico Rodrı´guez Campuzano, Lourdes Canada health behaviors. The influence of strong views of Investigacio´ n-UIICSE, FES IZTACALA-UNAM, Previous research has shown that during a biman- Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Me´ xico., Mexico Dı´az Gonza´ lez masculinity on the expression of psychological ual selective reaching task in which the left hand y Anaya, Eugenio Investigacio´ n-UIICSE, FES responded to targets in left space and the right hand burden and on the use of community services are IZTACALA-UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Me´ xico., responded to targets in right space, distractors discussed along with its implications for profes- Mexico Frı´as Arroyo, Beatriz Investigacio´ n-UIICSE, presented in contralateral space caused the greatest sional practice. FES IZTACALA-UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Me´ xico., 472 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Mexico Rodrı´guez Cervantes, Martha Investigacio´n- control group showed a significant frequency effect, Motor bottleneck or central response monitoring UIICSE, FES IZTACALA-UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de the patients showed only a trend to a significant in temporally overlapping tasks? Me´ xico., Mexico Barroso Villegas, Rodolfo inverse frequency effect. Further research is needed Ruiz, Susana Psychologisches Institut, Universita¨t Investigacio´ n-UIICSE, FES IZTACALA-UNAM, to explain this last result. Tu¨ bingen, Tu¨ bingen, Germany Ulrich, Rolf Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Me´ xico., Mexico Castillo Nava, Psychologisches Institut, Universita¨t Tu¨ bingen, Pilar Investigacio´ n-UIICSE, FES IZTACALA-UNAM, Tu¨ bingen, Germany Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Me´ xico., Mexico Caregiving and personal growth: Two Although there is strong evidence for a central This paper reports a study that assessed the irreconcilable concepts? bottleneck process in temporally overlapping reac- effectiveness of a behavioural program to prevent Rohr, Margund K. Inst. fu¨ r Psychogerontologie, tion time tasks, recent psychological refractory sexual risk behaviours among two hundred adoles- Universita¨ t Erlangen-Nu¨ rnberg, Erlangen, Germany period (PRP) studies indicate that bottleneck cents of 14.5 years mean age, with and without Lang, Frieder R. Inst. fu¨ r Psychogerontologie, processes may also include the response execution sexual experience. A pre-test-post-test experimental Universita¨ t Erlangen-Nu¨ rnberg, Erlangen, Germany stage, or alternatively, processes of response mon- design with control and experimental groups was Psychological research on caregivers of older adults itoring. This experiment was designed to disen- used. During pre and post evaluation phases focusses on burden emphasizing risks of stress, tangle these two alternatives. To this end, we participants completed self-report questionnaires depression and loss. Only recently attention is paid manipulated the temporal demand for Task 2 assessing psychosocial (beliefs, attitudes, self-effi- to the possible rewarding aspects of caregiving tasks execution in a PRP paradigm. A clear effect of cacy, norms, and intentions toward condom use) and the process itself. However, longitudinal studies Task 2 manipulation on Task 1 reaction time was and behavioural (communication about sex, con- assessing changes in the caregiver process are still obtained even when the execution processes of the dom use negotiation styles, the type of partner and rare. The current study aims at caregiving transi- two tasks did not temporally overlap. This result sexual practices, frequency of condom use and tions using data from the German Socio-Economic- supports the response execution hypothesis. correct condom use skill) variables. The results Panel (SOEP, N = 8804). Resilient and burdened show differences between the experimental and caregivers are differentiated based on indicators of Schizotypal personality and the five-factor control groups, and among teenagers with and personal growth and competence in everyday without sexual experience after behavioural training model: Two aspects of openness make opposite activities and social participation. Findings point phase. predictions to opportunity benefits of the caregiving situation Ryder, Andrew Dept. of Psychology, Concordia and determinants of personal growth among University, Montreal, Canada Ring, Angela Aged people and Sense of Community (SC) caregivers. Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Rodriguez Feijoo, Nelida Dept. de Psicologı´a, Montreal, QC, Canada Lavigne, K. Department of CONICET - CIIPME, Buenos Aires, Argentina Vignale, Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Synergetic approach to integration of liberal and Paula Psicologı´a, CONICET - CIIPME, Capital Federal - Canada Bagby, R. Michael Department of Psychiatry, technical education Buenos Aires, Argentina Univ, Centre for Addiction and Menta, Toronto, The aim of this research is to analyze the relation- Romanovsky, Aleksandre Psychology, National Ontario, Canada ship between aged people and SC. A Personal Data Technical University, Kiev, Ukraine Irina, Vasilyeva The five-factor model of personality can character- Questionnaire and a SC Scale were given to 350 Psychology, National Technical University, Kiev, ize many personality disorders, but a dimensional Argentinean of different age, gender and social and Ukraine Irina, Yuryeva Psychology, National Technical understanding of Schizotypal Personality Disorder economical level. Factor and Variance Analyses University, Kiev, Ukraine Olga, Ignatyuk Psychology, (STPD) remains elusive. We hypothesized that were used. Results suggest that some social and National Technical University, Kiev, Ukraine Nataliya, Openness-to-Experience (OE) consists of two as- demographic variables considered have a statisti- Usyk Psychology, National Technical University, Kiev, pects (Openness and Intellect) that make opposite cally significant influence on the respondents’ SC. Ukraine predictions regarding STPD. STPD and OE mea- Given the longevity growth and the need to Objective To find out general laws of building sures were administered to 233 university students maintain the quality of life, aged people’ SC is a individual education algorythms Methods The and 100 psychiatric outpatients, and results ana- piece of information that must be taken into research was done on a sample of 5000 (the lyzed with hierarchical multiple regression. In both account when considering moving to a new experimental group included 500) third- and samples, Openness and Intellect were inter-corre- neighborhood or a geriatric institution. fourth-year students of informatics department at lated, but the former was positively related to Kharkiv Polytechnics using mathematic modelling, STPD (B=.154,.298) whereas the latter was nega- testing, interviewing, and a laboratory experiment. tively related (B=.170,.214). This complex relation Depression and medical conditions in a Results The experimental group’s performance may explain previous difficulties in identifying clear probabilistic Puerto Rican elderly sample increased by 16.2% due to the application of the personality trait correlates for STPD. Rodriguez Gomez, Jose PhD Psychology Program, found algorithm of adaptation to studying the Carlos Albizu University, San Juan, Puerto Rico Quintero, Noel PhD Psychology Program, Carlos integrated arts and technical course. Analytical The emotional experiences and subjective well- Albizu University, San Juan, Puerto Rico Auger, correlations between components of individual being of the elderly in Korea: The Hallym Carmen PhD Psychology Program, Carlos Albizu training allowed to receive data necessary for Longitudinal Study of aging University, San Juan, Puerto Rico successful knowledge acquisition. Conclusions Ana- Ryu, Kyung Dept. of Psychology, Hallym University, In PR, a Caribbean island under the government of lytical laws of the adaptation can be used in Chuncheon, Republic of Korea the USA, a total of 425,137 elderly have been building self-improving intellectual computer sys- Objectives: To investigate the changes of subjective identified representing an increase of 11.2 percent in tems. The findings can be helpful in developing well-being(SWB) and emotional experiences and comparison with the 1990 Census(Hetzel & Smith, various training courses. analyze the effects of emotion experiences and 2001). In this study, a causal-comparative, cross- regulations on the SWB in old age through the sectional design was used; comparing older adults longitudinal study from 2003 to 2007. Methods: (n = 410, mean age 75.6 years) according to their Leadership relationship with unit climate and PANAS, PGCMS, and the emotion regulation scale depressive symptoms level in terms of the number soldiers’ motivation for task accomplishment in were used and HLM, SEM were performed. of medical conditions reported by them. Our military structures Results: SWB was not dramatically decrease with findings suggest that a mild moderate but signifi- Rozcenkova, Andzela Dept. of Psychology, University age and the elderly experienced more positive and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 cant relationship exists between depression and of Latvia, Riga, Latvia less negative emotions. Experiencing more positive, medical conditions (rho = .31, p , .05). Public Abstract Leadership relationship with unit climate less negative emotions and using self-protective Health implications are presented and discussed and soldiers’ motivation for task accomplishment in strategies had positive effects on the SWB in old military structures Andzela Rozcenkova University age. Conclusion: Emphasis of positive aspect of of Latvia Riga, Latvia The study explores trans- aging and the meaning of emotional life. Frequency of word-use predicts behavior in formational leadership in military structures: (1) if patients with Alzheimer disease there is significant relationship between comman- Using comparison to promote young children’s Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma Personalidad y ders’ leadership and unit climate, soldiers’ motiva- Evaluacion, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain concepts of material kind tion for task accomplishment; (2) if there is We have studied the impact of the frequency effect Saalbach, Henrik Inst. of Behavioral Sciences, ETH significant relationship between commanders’ self- on the word production deficit commonly manifes- Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Hardy, Ilonca Inst. of esteem leadership and soldiers’ estimate. Methods: tad by patients with mild Alzheimer disease when Behavioral Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland performing an object naming task. We speculated Unit Climate profile (U.S. Army Research Institute, The process of comparison is a crucial mechanism that patients (N= 10), would commit more errors 1990), Leadership profile (Nissinen, 2001), Groups’ underlying young children’s categorization of ob- than controls (N= 26) and that both spanish groups motivation of task accomplishment (LV National jects. We investigated children’s ability to construct would show significantly the frequency effect. The Defence Academy, 2004). Participants: platoon conceptual categories of material kind by having 73 results of statistical error analysis for intergroup officers (N=25) and soldiers (N=500). Theoretical preschoolers make inferences about the behaviour comparison indicated that, overall, controls per- and methodological implications are discussed in of different items in water after they had observed formed the task better than patients, but while the the research. objects of a given material to float or sink. Objects Wednesday 23rd July 2008 473

of extreme mass, volume, and shape served as the two moving dots, participants must use a digital Actual-ideal discrepancy (AID) theory of self- distractors. In a 2x2 within-groups design, we compass linked to each of them. In the SVDT-R, concept is heuristic, dating back to William James, prompted comparison by varying the number of the moving dots disappear from the computer but has received limited empirical support. We observed objects and by using material labels. Both screen and participants must imagine their move- introduce a new latent-variable methodology (struc- prompts significantly increased children’s material ment. Authors report that the study applied to 274 tural equation models with multiple indicators on choices and accompanying verbal explanations thus participants, shows the high validity and reliability all constructs), testing gender and age invariance facilitating their conceptualizations of material of the spatial test considered. (adolescents and young-adults; N=1693). In sup- kind. port of theoretical predictions, we confirmed the joint effect of actual and ideal appearance, we Effects of social intention on the control of action found contributions of actual (positive) and ideal Image of God and style of religious education Sartori, Luisa Dipt. di Psicologia, Universita`di (negative) appearance on Physical Self-Concept and Sadeghi, Mansoureh Alsadat Psychology, Family Padova, Padova, Italy Becchio, Cristina Dipartimento Global Self-Esteem (partly mediated by Physical Institute, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Mazaheri, di Psicologia, Universita` di Torino, Torino, Italy Self-Concept) that varied slightly with gender. Mohammad Ali psychology, family institute, tehran, Bulgheroni, Maria Dipartimento di Psicologia, Success of our innovative methodological approach Islamic Republic of Iran Universita` di Padova, Padova, Italy Castiello, Umberto supports AID theoretical predictions, confirming The goal of the present research is investigation Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universita` di Padova, the importance of substantive-methodological sy- relationship between style of religious education Padova, Italy nergies. and image of God in University students. 374 We investigated how social goals are incorporated students were chosen and completed questionnaires into action plans. In Experiment 1 participants measuring image of God (rebuilted scale of grasped an object and located it within a container Influence of pursuit velocity on the enhancement Lawrence, 1997), style of religious education (blocked trials). In 20% of trials a human agent of chromatic sensitivity during smooth pursuit inventory: parenting style scale (Naghashan, 1979) seated next to the participant unfolded the hand to eye movements and parental religiousness (Granqvist, 1998). Data ask for the object (perturbed trials). In Experiments Schu¨ tz, Alexander C. Inst. fu¨ r Allg. Psychologie, were analyzed Two way anova. The results showed 2 & 3 the agent was replaced by a robotic device or Universita¨t Gießen, Gießen, Germany Braun, Doris I. that parenting styles has a main effect on the scores performed an action not conveying a social request, Allgemeine Psychologie, Universita¨t Gießen, Gießen, of the total subscales of God image (P, 0.05). respectively. Results indicate that motor response Germany Gegenfurtner, Karl Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Interpretation of results focouses on the parent- varied depending on the nature of the perturbation. Universita¨t Gießen, Gießen, Germany child relationship with regared to theories of object Only human gestures conveying a social request Recently we showed that visual sensitivity for relations, attachment and learning social. modified pre-planned action by on-line integration chromatic stimuli is enhanced during smooth pur- of other’s actions. suit eye movements. Here we investigate the Aftereffects of response inhibition in the stop- influence of pursuit velocity on this enhancement. signal task The relationship of gesturing, cognitive ability, We measured contrast sensitivity for peripheral, Sakajiri, Chie Dept. of Disability Sciences, University and personality color modulated stimuli during fixation and during of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan Maekawa, Hisao Sassenberg, Uta Psychology, Humboldt University of smooth pursuit. We tested three different pursuit Disability Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Berlin, Berlin, Germany van der Meer, Elke velocities: 3.5, 10.5 and 14.1 deg/sec. Results show Japan Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, that the sensitivity for chromatic stimuli is im- We conducted the stop-signal task to examine the Germany proved in all pursuit conditions, even for the slow aftereffects of the response inhibition. The partici- Gestures are produced to communicate information velocity. Higher pursuit velocities result in stronger pants were engaged into a choice reaction time task to the listener, facilitate the speaker’s thinking and improvements of chromatic sensitivity. A similar as the primary task, but were required to stop the learning, and regulate interpersonal relationships relationship has bee shown for the amplitude of reactions when stop-signals were occasionally pre- and emotions. Individuals differ in the frequency of saccades and the magnitude of saccadic suppres- sented after go-signals at some delays. We showed gesture production. However, its relationship to sion. that the reaction times in the present trials became cognitive ability and personality is yet unclear. High longer as the delays in the last trials increased. As school students judged and described their strate- Age-related effects on working memory for the trials after successful response inhibition, the gies for geometric analogies. Frequencies of differ- performance and P300 reaction times in repetition condition of go-signals ent gesture types were analysed in relation to Schapkin, Sergei A. Berlin, Germany Freude, Gabriele were longer than of non-repetition. These results participants’ performance and pupil responses, Mental workload, Fed. Inst. for Occup. Safety &, can be explained by the priming effect. cognitive ability, and personality. Individuals’ Berlin, Germany cognitive ability and personality predicted produc- Elderly employees were hypothesised to involve a tion of different gesture types. The results are Women and aging: The case of a bus driver broader neuronal network into the task perfor- discussed in relation to theories of the functions of retired mance than younger to compensate the working gesture production. Sanchez de Miguel, Manuel Dept. of Psychology, memory decline. In the high memory load condition Univ. of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain (HML) they had to memorize a letter sequence and Lizaso, Izarne PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF THE The relation between personality traits and to respond when a letter was repeated. In the low BASQUE COUNT, SAN SEBASTIAN, Spain reaction times to personality trait terms: memory load condition (LML) they had to respond Actually number of women working at traditional Personality traits of extraversion-introversion, when the letter ‘‘X’’ appeared. The RT and number male jobs is increasing. This study claims to reveal nerves-toughness of errors were larger in HML than in LML, while some difficulties (i.e. reconciling family and profes- Sato, Emi Dept. of Psychology, Shirayuri College, P300 was smaller and delayed in HML. Elderly sional life) of a women bus driver (n=1) retired (62 Tokyo, Japan Matsuda, Kouhei Psychology, Bunkyo- made more errors than younger in HML condition. year old) along his work and life history. After Gakuin University, Fujimino-shi, Saitama, Japan The P300 was delayed and more frontally distrib- doing several semi-structured interviews, Interpre- There was individual difference of the autonomous uted in elderly. tative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was con- nerves system in the study of neurosis tendency ducted on full verbatim transcripts to investigate in (Eysenck,1967). Therefore, it’s difficult to examine Perceptual learning of force control in pointing particular the transitional experience at retirement. experimentally personality traits. It hypothesized Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 movements Driver’s several reflections about his health condi- reaction times (RT) to personality trait terms would Schinauer, Thomas Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie II, tion, interpersonal relations and care of ill parents change with the personality traits in this study. We Universita¨t Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany showed most of one dilemma concerning member- examined RT to 10 terms in each session. As a Kalveram, Karl Theodor Psychology, University of ship of traditional family and out of a typical male result, though RT to 10 terms in self-rating session Du¨ sseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany Lachmann, job after 40 years employed. didn’t reveal personality traits, it was demonstrated Thomas Psychology Unit II, University of that the rate of change that based on personal RT Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany in simple session was changed by Extraversion- The Spatial Visualization Dynamic Test- Revised: The content of motor memory is called an ’’internal Introversion, Nerves-Tough. This result suggested An experimental approach. model‘‘ and comprises both knowledge of physical that RT would be able to show personality traits as Santacreu, Jose Personalidad,, Universidad properties of the body and the environment. behavioral evidence. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Contreras, Maria Pointing requires conversion of perceived distance Jose Psicologı´a Ba´ sica I, UNED, Madrid, Spain into force commands, and neural information of Visualization (Vz) refers to the ability to mentally New latent-variable approach to actual-ideal both vision and proprioception to be actively co- manipulate visual patterns. This work presents the discrepancy theory: Actual and ideal appearance, ordinated as well. Although the control of isometric Spatial Visualization Dynamic Test-Revised physical self-concept and global self-esteem force production cannot be generalised to the (SVDT-R). In this visualization task the participant Scalas, L. Francesca Dept. of Education, University of control of kinematic variability, our experiments must simultaneously direct two moving dots Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Marsh, Herb W. show retention of an acquired model in such a towards a given destination. The destination Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, United difficult task to be satisfying when being learned changes from trial to trial and, in order to direct Kingdom visually open-loop. The results shed light on the 474 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

discussion of the force control hypothesis in motor stressors - different dimensions of quality of life of empirical study has been carried out to test with control. family caregivers (N=620) using multiple regression statistical methods the main principles underlying methods. Also the moderating role of social psychologically safe and pedagogically grounded support, self-efficacy and quality of the relationship A neuro-physiological model of the evolution of conditions of foreign language teaching and learn- were explored. First results will be presented. goal-oriented behavior based on the ing. The evidence was found that the learning Implications for interventions focussing family development of agency efficacy results from the activity approach where caregiver’s quality of life will be discussed. Schmidt, Tino Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, non-verbal activity covers the teaching-learning Germany Lehmann, Hagen Computer Science, process thus leading cognitive development of University of Bath, Bath Spa, United Kingdom Psychosocial variables associated to diet children and maintaining their learning motivation. Our cognition creates a sense of authorship for our adherence in obese patients: A longitudinal study An experiment has demonstrated that specific actions to differentiate them from actions done by Serrano-Alvarado, Karina Chimalhuacan, Mexico language activities based on the young learner’s other agents, called "sense of agency’’. We describe Rojas-Russell, Mario School of Psychology Zaragoza, actual interests and needs significantly impact on a dynamical, neuro-physiological model, which National U. Mexico, Mexico, Mexico memorizing of the foreign language vocabulary. focuses on two types of internal neural-temporal Objective: Study the prospective association of self- information-loops. The "forward loop" uses effer- efficacy and readiness to change to diet adherence Gender effects on the activation of parent-child ence copies to predict the sensory consequences of (DA) in obese patients. Method: Four measure- attachment motor commands whenever movements are made. ments, one month apart, were performed in 93 The "feedback loop" provides the current action patients participating in a drug trial. Self-efficacy Shen, Lierong Institute of Psychology, Chinese program with corrections of the motor commands and readiness to change related to diet, were Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of to achieve the state desired by the action. Our measured. Adherence to diet was assessed through China Liu, Huashan School of Psychology, Huazhong model describes how the interaction of "feedback-" a one-month retrospective log. Results: Multi- Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of and "feedforward-loop" forms a ‘‘sense of agency’’ variate analysis showed a significant association of China and shows neuro-physiological evidence for this self-efficacy and volitional stages to adherence. Three studies examined the gender effects of college phenomenon. Perceived stress and health affected adherence also. students’ working models of attachment and emo- Conclusions: Interventions to strengthen DA in tional and social loneliness on the activation of obese patients should take into account motiva- parent-child attachment. Results showed that Predictors of health behavior within the nutrition tional readiness and build up perceived self-efficacy. father-child attachment activation led to higher sector self-models in relationships with male friends than Schnitzspahn, Katharina Groß-Gerau, Germany that of mother-child attachment; mother-child Scholz, Urte Psychologisches Institut, Universita¨t Survey of mental health needs of Hamedanian attachment activation led to higher models of Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Kliegel, Matthias Institut people others in relationships with female than that of fu¨ r Psychologie, Technische Universita¨t Dresden, Shamsaei, Farshid Psychiatric Nursing, Hamedan father-child attachment; same-sex parent-child at- Dresden, Germany University, Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran tachment activation led to lower social loneliness, Acquisition and maintenance of health behaviors Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the while different-sex parent-child attachment activa- are often poorly predicted by behavioral intentions. mental health needs of Hamedanian people. Meth- To close this intention-behavior-gap volitional odology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional tion led to lower emotional loneliness, than control constructs are needed. The present cross-sectional, study. The participants consist of 1300 individuals conditions. The findings expand attachment theory, web-based study on nutrition behavior investigates who were selected by stratified sampling. Results/ emphasizing gender effects on the influence of a prediction model that includes planning and Conclusions: Results showed that the Hamedan city parent-child attachment. action control as postintentional mediator vari- people believed that mental health services are ables. Participants were 381 women and 88 men inadequate (45%), they did not access services near Constructive study on the evaluative index (aged 18 to 79; BMI from 19 to 57), who took part their home (74%) and media information about system of guidance activity lesson in a web-based program. Structural equation services was poor (34%). The expressed needs of Shi, Lijun School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang modeling showed that only action control was a people were: mental health education (72%), Normal University, Zhejiang Jinhua, People’s proximal predictor of the nutrition behavior established mental health centers in schools and Republic of China Sui, Guang Yuan School of Teacher assessed. Practical implications and suggestions factories (,50%) and expanding the comprehensive Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang for future research are discussed. mental health centers in the city (58%). The paper Jinhua, People’s Republic of China provides a rationale for providing mental health Objectives: Constructing an evaluative index system service delivery that are easily accessible, to When less is more: Negative outcomes of of guidance Activity lessons taken in a class. promote mental health. discrepancies between explicit and implicit self- Method: An inventory was constructed after 78 esteem professional guidance teachers were interviewed. Schro¨ der-Abe´ , Michela Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Techn. The relationship between mental health and The explorative factor analysis method was em- Universita¨t Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany Rudolph, quality of life of hemodialysis patients ployed and 12 mental health education theorists Almut Psychology, Chemnitz University, Chemnitz, Sharif, Farkhondeh Psychiatric and Mental Health, and experienced school guidance practitioners were Germany Schu¨ tz, Astrid Psychology, Chemnitz Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran conducted to discuss the validity and the distribu- University, Chemnitz, Germany Vedad, Fariba psychiatric and mental health, Shiraz tion of relative weight. Analytical Hierarchy Implicit self-esteem (SE) can be used to distinguish University of Medical S, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Process was used. Results: The evaluative index discrepant (high explicit/low implicit or high Iran system was established, including three first-degree implicit/low explicit) and congruent (high/high or The purpose of this study was to investigate the indices and nine secondary indices. Each hold low/low) forms of SE. Assuming that SE discre- relationship between mental health and quality of respectively the relative weight. After applied into pancies are dysfunctional irrespective of their life of hemodialysis patients. Methods: The sample practice, it had been proved that this index system direction, we conducted four studies to investigate consisted of 90 hemodialysis patients. They were was of correspondingly high quality. their relation to health and defensiveness (assessed assessed by a demographic questionnaire, General by self- and observer ratings). Multiple regression Health Questionnaire, Short form questionnaire Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 analyses revealed significant interactions between (SF-36). Mental Health was assessed in four Why do kindergarten teachers need to smile? implicit and explicit SE. When occurring in domains and the SF-36 questionnaire are summed Shimizu, Masuharu Dept. of Literature, Kobe combination with low explicit SE, high implicit into eight scales. The data were analyzed using t- Women’s University, Kobe, Japan Mori, Toshiaki SE is related to defensiveness and impaired health. test, spearman’s correlation, ANOVA. Results: The Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Thus, SE discrepancies can be regarded as stressors findings revealed that many quality of life domains Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan and high implicit SE is not necessarily advanta- were correlated significantly with mental health This study investigated the developmental differ- geous. domains. The result of this study indicated that ences in face identification. Sixty-nine kindergarten many quality of life domains were correlated with children and 41 college students were presented mental health domains and hemodialysis has effect Family caregivers’ quality of life and the impact of with 11 pairs of woman’s portrait and were asked to on different aspects of patient’s life. incontinence judge whether they are the same woman’s faces or Seither, Corinna Grad.-Kolleg Multimorbidita¨t, not for each pair. Three pairs had the same Charite´ Universita¨ tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany Psychological principles of foreign language woman’s face: two serious faces, serious face vs. Frail elderly persons living at home are often cared teaching management in preschool smiling face, and two smiling faces. Children judged for by a family member. Despite the high pre- Sharkova, Nataliya Dept. of Psychology, more correctly for two smiling face pair than for valence of urinary and fecal incontinence in old age Dnipropetrovsk Nat. University, Dnipropetrovsk, two serious face pair. Younger children judged less its impact on family caregivers has been relatively Ukraine correctly for two serious face pair. These results unexplored. This study investigated to what extent The presentation reveals complex analysis of were discussed in relation to the neuronal develop- care receivers’ incontinence affects - among other foreign language teaching- learning process. An ment and the teacher education system. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 475

Relationships among neuroticism, coping styles, Satisfaction with friends, intimacy, family and frequency of implementation of 15 forms of teacher academic stressors and reactions to stressors of social activities: Are there differences between collaboration; attitudes towards these forms and male and female college students in Iran: women with obesity reporting distint eating teachers’ general team orientation. The study Structural equation modeling behaviours? concludes that although ambitious forms of teacher Shokri, Omid psychology, Teacher Training Silva, Isabel FCHS, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, collaboration are rarely implemented, team orienta- University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Porto, Portugal Pais-Ribeiro, Jose Faculdade de tion and attitudes towards these forms are surpris- This study examined the relationships among Psicologia e de C, Universidade do Porto, Porto, ingly positive. neuroticism, coping styles, academic stressors and Portugal Cardoso, Helena Endocrinology, ICBAS-UP; reactions to stressors. SEM was used to assess the HGSA, Porto, Portugal OBJECTIVES: To analyse social support satisfac- Perfectionism and depression: Testing the relationships among latent and measured variables tion differences between women with obesity specific vulnerability and diathesis-stress model in the conceptual model. The MANOVA indicated reporting distinct eating behaviours and yo-yo in a Chinese population significant difference in neuroticism, coping styles, phenomena. METHODS A cohort of 168 women Song, Shanggui Dept. of Academic Affairs, Jinan academic stressors and reactions to stressors by with obesity answered to the Social Support University of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of gender. Higher levels of academic stressors were Satisfaction Scale in the context of a clinical China Tong, Yuehua Dept. of Psychology, University interview. RESULTS: Women reporting yo-yo predicted by higher scores of neuroticism and of Jinan, Jinan, People’s Republic of China phenomena show lower family satisfaction. Women So far, research results in testing the specific emotion oriented and by lower scores of task presenting binge eating disorder show lower satis- vulnerability and diathesis-stress model were incon- oriented. Higher academic stressors predicted great- faction with friends, family, intimacy and total sistent. The present study examined whether er reactions to stressors. All of the regression social support. There are no significant differences perfectionism acts as a vulnerability factor for weights were statistically significant, and models’ concerning sweet/fat food craving, seasonal pattern distress in response to life events. A cross-sectional of eating behaviour, night eating syndrome and predictors accounted for 75% of the variance in study and a longitudinal study were conducted to continuous nibbling. CONCLUSIONS: Social sup- reaction to stressor. port revealed to be an important variable in the test these tow models in 426 college students in distinction of women with obesity presenting China. The findings were that concern over Influences of spatiotemporal conditions of distinct eating behaviours. mistakes and doubt about action both interacted feature-change on visual object representation with negative life events to predict depression continuity symptoms at Time 1 and Time 2. No support was The forms of the present time orientation and obtained for a perfectionism specific vulnerability Shui, Rende Dept. of Psychology, Zhejiang University, well-being in the context of the full time model. Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China Shen, Mowei perspective Dept. of Psychology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Sobol-Kwapinska, Malgorzata Faculty of Social People’s Republic of China Sciences, Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Gender differences in perfectionism and type a Visual object representation continuity, i.e. the Objectives: The objective was to examine the behavior: A Chinese perspective perception of a changed visual object as the same relationships between the forms of the present time Song, Shanggui Dept. of Academic Affairs, Jinan one, is an essential cognitive ability. Two different orientation (hedonism, fatalism and active concen- University of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of types of theories have been proposed: focuses on tration) and well-being. Methods: The data on three China Xu, Jun Dept. of Academic Affairs, Jinan the object spatiotemporal continuity and the time orientation measures and two well-being University of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of measures from participants aged from 19 to 65 importance of feature change. The effects of China years were analyzed using multiple regression Objective: To investigate the gender differences in object’s feature-change were examined by 5 experi- analysis and cluster analysis. Results: The active perfectionism and Type A behavior of Chinese ments of multiple-object-tracking (MOT) task with present time orientation, unlike hedonism and university students. Method: Perfectionism Scale manipulating spatiotemporal conditions of feature- fatalism, was associated with high well-being, for Chinese College Students and Type A Behavior change. The results showed that feature change has positive evaluation of time, and effective realization Personality were administered to 258 university of goals. Conclusions: Beside hedonism and fatal- great effects on the maintenance of object repre- students in China. Results: (1) Males scored ism, the present time orientation can also take the sentation continuity when 2 collided objects ex- form of the active, engaging concentration on the significantly higher than females in Concern over change their features; the effects of color- and current moment. Mistakes, Organization, Parent Expectation, and in shape-change are larger than that of orientation- the total score of perfectionism. (2)Type A Behavior change. and Type B Behavior of females manifested The training of reading according to invariant significant differences in dimensions of perfection- method in Mexican children ism and total score. Conclusion: Gender differences Parents’ education predicts their school-related Solovieva, Yulia Dept. of Neuropsychology, were identified in perfectionism and Type A beliefs and practices with their children University of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico Quintanar, Luis behavior. Silinskas, Gintautas Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Puebla, Puebla, University of Jyva¨skyla¨ , Jyva¨ skyla¨ , Finland Mexico Lerkkanen, Marja-Kristiina Department of Educational system in Mexico is facing strong Optimism and pessimism in relation with goal Psychology, University of Jyva¨ skyla¨ , Jyva¨ skyla¨, difficulties, especially in teaching of reading. The orientations in classroom settings Finland Poikkeus, Anna-Maija Department of objective of our study is to show the possibilities of Soric, Izabela Department of Psychology, University Psychology, University of Jyva¨ skyla¨ , Jyva¨ skyla¨, Training of Reading created on the bases of the of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia Penezic, Zvjezdan University Finland Niemi, Pekka Department of Psychology, theory of Historic and Cultural Development and of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia Vulic-Prtoric, Anita University of Turku, Turku, Finland Siekkinen, Martti Activity Theory. The Method was applied to Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Department of Psychology, University of Joensuu, Mexican school and pre-school children during Zadar, Croatia Joensuu, Finland Nurmi, Jari-Erik Department of application of programs of individual correction There are a number of different models of goal Psychology, University of Jyva¨ skyla¨ , Jyva¨ skyla¨, and in classroom groups. The results show special orientations in classroom settings that propose two Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Finland achievements in writing, reading and general general goal orientations labelled as learning vs. This longitudinal study investigated how parents’ linguistic abilities after application of method performance goals. The current study investigated during a school year. The conclusions stress education contributes to parental school-related whether students’ optimism and pessimism, self- important possibilities of application of new beliefs and practices with their kindergarten chil- invariant methods in modern education. esteem, values and intrinsic motivation predict their dren. A total of 1024 mothers and 713 fathers filled goal orientations and academic achievement. The in a questionnaire measuring their educational level, participants were 220 secondary school students school-related beliefs and practices. The perfor- Team orientation and attitudes towards different which completed the questionnaires anonymously forms of teacher-collaboration mance in reading and math of 1024 children was during a regularly scheduled classroom period. Soltau, Andreas FB 11 - Psychologie, Universita¨t also examined. The results indicated that parents Gender, optimism and values in learning were Bremen, Bremen, Germany Mienert, Malte FB 11, negative predictors of work-avoidance goal orienta- with a low educational level instructed their Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany tion; pessimism and values predict performance children in reading and math more than those with We report on an empirical online survey conducted goal orientation while values and intrinsic motiva- a high education. By contrast, less educated parents in 2007 with N=223 teachers from primary and secondary schools. The aim of the study is to verify tion predict learning goal orientation. Learning were less involved in shared-reading and reported the impact of the so-called ‘‘pursuit of autonomy’’ goal orientation was a predictor of students’ more negative beliefs about children’s performance which the scientific literature mentions as an academic achievement. Optimism and pessimism on academic skills, compared to higher educated explanation for the absence of teacher collaboration could have an important role in forming students’ parents. in schools. The collected data comprises the goal orientations. 476 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Identifying learning disabilities: Psychometric to change of self labels. A higher level and a growth classifications LL & LM level of perceived social Characteristics of the McCarney Learning of self labeling as German relates to more German support and optimism in the case of high scores of Disability Evaluation Scale (LDES), based on a language usage, and vice versa for self labeling as loneliness. The sample consisted of 289 school- Greek sample minority member. Results reveal the interrelated- children (7th & 8th grade). We used Multidimen- Souroulla, Andry Dept. of Psychology, University of ness of these change processes during acculturation. sional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Teacher Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Panagiotou, Georgia Estimation of Social Skills Scale, Life Orientation PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS, NICOSIA, Test, Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale. Neural correlates of simulation during action Cyprus Kokkinos, Konstantinos PSYCHOLOGY, The hypotheses were confirmed. We concluded that prediction UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS, NICOSIA, Cyprus teachers must modeling appropriate social rela- Stadler, Waltraud Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max-Planck- The study aimed to field test a Greek translation of tions. Institut, Leipzig, Germany Schubotz, Ricarda the Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (LDES, Cognitive Neurology, MPI Cognitive & Brain Scie, McCarney, 1996) and to examine its factor Leipzig, Germany Springer, Anne Department of Psychological comorbidity and coping strategies structure, reliability and validity. 165 educators Psychology, MPI Cognitive & Brain Scie, Leipzig, in patients with chronic tinnitus completed the LDES for one of their students, aged Germany Graf, Markus Department of Psychology, 5 -14 years. Results revealed that the Greek LDES Stege, Uta Medizin und Rehabilitation, Charite´ Berlin - MPI Cognitive & Brain Scie, Leipzig, Germany Prinz, generally maintains the original factor structure (7 Physikalische, Berlin, Germany Joachim, Ricarda Wolfgang Department of Psychology, MPI Cognitive subscales) and high reliability. The significant CC12 Internal Medicine, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, & Brain Scie, Leipzig, Germany Berlin, Germany Stege, Kathrin CC12 Internal associations between the LDES, the Reading Action prediction is assumed to be a major purpose Ability Test (Trigka, 2004) and school grades, Medicine, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, of activating the motor system during action Germany Kischkel, Eva CC12 Internal Medicine, supported its validity. Logistic regression analyses observation. If an observed person is transiently indicated that the LDES could identify our sample Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany occluded, internal models are used to predict Mazurek, Birgit CC16 Otorhinolaryngology, and children with learning difficulties, with an disrupted visual action information. Accordingly, accuracy of 81.3%. Results are discussed Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany fMRI during action occlusion indicates increased Reißhauer, Anett CC12 Internal Medicine, activity in BA 44, premotor cortex, parietal regions Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Age effects on parafoveal processing in reading and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) Tinnitus associates with psychological distress. In Kathrin Spitzer which were previously associated with action the presented study, we examined psychological Spitzer, Kathrin Coswig, Germany Sawyer, Kathryn simulation. Provided that the observed action is of comorbidity and coping strategies in a population Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, relevance for the observer, internal simulation of of patients with chronic tinnitus. We used estab- USA Charness, Neil Psychology, Florida State disrupted actions is a highly automated process. By lished questionaires for scoring the tinnitus symp- University, Tallahassee, USA Sachs-Ericsson, Natalie varying task instructions, however, activity can be toms, psychopathology, depression, and coping Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, modulated in parts of this network. behavior. Severely affected tinnitus sufferers (de- USA Radach, Ralph Psychology, Florida State compensated tinnitus) reported higher levels of University, Tallahassee, USA Different leaderships and aspects of personality psychosocial distress and somatic impairment. Prior research in the domains of visual search and of leading politicians versus electional success Further, patients with decompensated tinnitus driving has suggested that elderly adults have a Stallony, Marc Oliver Recklinghausen, Germany showed dysfunctional coping strategies like depres- smaller functional field of view. We used a sentence Rowold, Jens Psychologisches Institut II, WWU sive coping, trivialisation, and wishful thinking. We reading task including saccade contingent display Mu¨ nster, Mu¨ nster, Germany propose the early assessment of psychological manipulations to directly test the hypotheses that This empirical study follows the question to which comorbidity and dysfunctional coping strategies to benefit from parafoveal word preview is reduced in extent leadership and different aspects of person- apply timely a psychological treatment, which, in this population relative to college age controls ality of leading politicians may be possible pre- end effect might prevent further progression of (Laubrock, Kliegl & Engbert, 2006). Results dictors for electional success of these politicians. At tinnitus. indicate that elderly readers are not only substan- first this study follows the question how far tially slower but also show a more pronounced charismatic leadership (Konger & Kanungo, A professional evaluation scale for middle level word frequency effect (Rayner et al., 2006). 1998), moral-based ledership (Yukl, 2002) and managers Critically, preview benefit was greatly attenuated transactional leadership (Bass, 1985) take influence Stoica, Mihaela Dept. of Psychology, University in the elderly group, suggesting a significantly of the electional success. Results show significiant reduced perceptual span. Dimitrie Cantemir, Tirgu Mures, Romania effects for moral-based and transactional leader- The aim this study is: to make a scale with ship. At second this study follows the question behavioural references for managerial performance. Head movement during requesting which aspects of personality take significiant The procedure followed in 5 steps: defining the Srisayekti, Wilis Dept. of Psychology, Padjadjaran influence on the electional success. Significiant professional dimension; obtaining the behavior University, Bandung, Indonesia results were shown and correlations between leader- references for each dimension; retro-version, all This study was intended to see whether a difference ship and aspects of personality will be discussed. the items to be distribute at initially dimension; the in provided channels caused differences in the experts should note the level of competence for each nonverbal behavior in dyadic communication. 8 Optimism and self-efficacy: Psychological and item and finally making the scale (Smith & Kendall, persons were involved with their partners, for the psychosocial aspects 1963). The scale’s validity was achieved by compar- face-to-face situation and the telephone situation. A Stanculescu, Elena Faculty of Psychology, Universoty ing it to a parallel scale, the mixed standard video system was employed to gather the data of of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania assessment scale by accomplishing the multitrait- their head-movement during requesting. Results The purpose of the study was to examine the multimethod matrix. showed that there was more head-movement in the psychological correlates of self – efficacy and face-to-face situation as compared to the head- optimism. We supposed that self – efficacy and movement in the telephone situation, both for the Effects of a combined nutrition and stress- optimism are positively correlated with psihosocial management training to life-quality, coping skills mobility and the complexity of movement. The well – being, life satisfaction, happiness, self – and eating-behaviour of elementary school kids head-movement went in line with the whole-body esteem, perceived social support. We expected that Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Stoll, Oliver Inst. fu¨ r Sportwissenschaften, Universita¨t movement, and went in the opposite direction of students that volunteering are more optimistic and Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany Reinhardt, the eye movement. have high level of self – efficacy. The sample Christian Sports Science, Martin-Luther-University consisted of 403 university students. Statistical Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany analysis included: bivariate correlations, Mann Ethnic self labels as promotive factor in the Objectives: The aim of the study was the evaluation Whitney U Test, One Way ANOVA. The hypoth- change of language usage among adolescent of a combinded nutrition and stress-management esis were confirmed. The results highlight that ethnic German immigrants training to life-quality, coping skills and eating- optimists and self – efficacious people have a high Sto¨ ßel, Katharina Inst. fu¨ r Entw.-Psychologie, behaviour of elementary school kids. Methods: We quality of life. Universita¨t Jena, Jena, Germany Silbereisen, Rainer used a longitudinal, randomised experimental K. Inst. Entwicklungspsychologie, Universita¨ t Jena, study-design, comparing a treatment group Jena, Germany Psychological correlates of schoolchildren (n=75), getting the intervention and a non-inter- This longitudinal study on Ethnic German immi- loneliness vention control group (n=75). The dependant grants to Germany examines whether ethnic self Stanculescu, Elena Faculty of Psychology, Universoty variables were life-quality (KINDL), stress apprai- labeling as majority (German) or minority member of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania sal and coping (SSKJ-R) and eating behaviour (Russian or Ethnic German) relates to frequency of The aim of this research was to investigate some (IEG-Kind). The statistical analysis was performed German language usage. Growth Curve Models on psychological aspects of loneliness. We supposed using a GLM with repeated measurements. Results: 585 adolescent first generation immigrants reveal that loneliness is negatively correlated with self – We found seven significant interaction-effects group that indeed level of language usage relates to levels esteem, optimism, social skills, perceived social x time based on improvements of the treatment- of ethnic self labels, and change of language usage support. We assumed that there are more cross – group individuals. Conclusions: Based on these Wednesday 23rd July 2008 477

results, we recommend to implement this interven- plishment had absolute indirect effect on SWB There is one more variable, interactive one, which is tion into future health promotion interventions of mediating through self-esteem. Conclusion: self- sense of controllability of stressors. The research school kids. esteem had a mediated effect on learning burnout was conducted using a sample of 451 adolescents. and subjective well-being. (Key words) Learning Multiple regression analysis and contrast analysis burnout, Self-esteem, Subjective well-being Differences among some social groups in were conducted. Exemplary results show that Bulgaria in their extraversion, neuroticism, adolescents with low sense of controllability more psychotocism and social desirability Lifestyle factors, genetics and cognitive aging often choose religious passive deferring strategy and Stoyanova, Stanislava Dept. of Psychology, SWU, Sundstro¨ m, Anna Dept. of Psychology, Umea˚ those with high sense of controllability – nonreli- Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria University, Umea˚ , Sweden gious planful problem solving. This paper presents the results from a study carried As the population in most industrialized countries out in 2005-2006 among 378 respondents in ages rapidly, a major challenge is to understand Bulgaria by using Eysenck’s Personal Question- what factors enhance successful cognitive aging. A The effect of interesting introduction and interest naire. The prisoners sentenced for theft and the number of lifestyle factors have been associated value on children’s motivation to learn secondary students were the most extraverted ones, with cognitive function in elderly people. However, Tanaka, Etsuko Dept. of Human Science, Osaka the civil servants and the pensioners were the least less is known about whether changes in lifestyle University, Kobe, Japan extraverted ones. The social workers and the factors late in life have an effect on cognitive aging. This study examined whether interesting pre- prisoners sentenced for theft were the most Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine activity and an emphasis on interest value positively emotionally unstable, the teachers and the civil whether changes in lifestyle factors in late life, for influence their motivation to learn. In this study, servants were the most emotionally stable. The example social activities, and physical activities, experimental science lessons were administered to 4 university students and the policemen had the affect cognitive aging and, furthermore, whether classes (100 children, 3 grades, ages from 8 to 9). highest score on the Psychotocism, the teachers these factors interact with genetics (e.g. APOE). and the social workers had the lowest score on the Data from a longitudinal cohort study will be used. The lesson consisted of a pre-activity designed to Psychotocism. attract students’ interests and an emphasis on interest value of the subject task by the teacher. Personal "secret ingredients" that predict As a result, the students in the experimental classes Self-efficacy, health risks and work behavior in satisfaction in romantic relationships were more motivated to learn the subject task than Indian families Sverko, Dina Department of Psychology, University of Sud, Shonali St. Bede’s College, Dept.of Psychology, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Lovrencic, Katarina the students in the control classes. Shimla, India Department of psychology, University of Zagreb, Self-efficacy combating health risks, initiating the Zagreb, Croatia Mimica, Bartul Department of Which of the pathological severity of mental desire for physical exercise and facilitating effective psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia disorders or the state of symptoms determine a work behavior in a family was studied on 158 Okrosa, Jelena Department of psychology, University patient’s subjective well-being? subjects (92 adults, 44 females and 48 males, mean of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Ostovic, Ines Department Tanaka, Yoshiyuki Isesaki, Japan Tsuda, Akira dept. of ages=38.90 and 42.89 years, and 66 children, 36 of psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Psychology, Kurume University, Isesaki City, Japan female and 30 male, mean ages=18 years). The Both theory and previous research suggested a link Horiuchi, Satoshi Graduate school of Psychology, hypotheses that self-efficacy predicts exercise(r= between emotional intelligence, self-esteem and Kurume University, Isesaki City, Japan Murayama, .25) as well as efficient work behavior(r=.67) within success in interpersonal relationships. Romantic Hiroyoshi Graduate school of Psychology, Kurume a family stands accepted. Older males were better relationships should also benefit from mentioned University, Isesaki City, Japan Tomita, Masaru workers than females. Educated professionals personal characteristics. The aim of the present Psychiatry department, Kurume University Hospital, showed greater concern for health risks and study was to examine the associations between Isesaki City, Japan Jingu, Sumie Health Promotion motivated for lifestyle changes, their children are emotional intelligence, self-esteem, Stenberg’s com- Foundation, Fukuoka, Isesaki City, Japan linking effective work performance with good ponents of love, duration of the romantic relation- The aim was to investigate which of mood health in practically every home in India ship and perceived satisfaction with it. Participants disorders’ pathological severity or its symptoms’ were 294 students from the University of Zagreb. general state influenced more upon subjective well- The results of multiple regression analysis showed Self-efficacy, stress and interpersonal relations of that predictors accounted for 38% of variance in being (SWB). SWB was measured with the Psycho- employees in India romantic relationship satisfaction. Intimacy logical Lively Scale-revised in 61 patients having Sud, Shonali St. Bede’s College, Dept.of Psychology, emerged as the best predictor. mood disorder. Each patient’s pathological severity Shimla, India was estimated from clinical equivalency of his/her Self efficacy-stress effect on Interpersonal relations antidepressants’ dosage and his/her general state of in India was examined on 155 (94 male, mean age Relationship between musical abilities and =39.64 years, and 64 female, mean age =38.97 foreign word pronunciation symptoms. The statistical results revealed that years) employees. The hypotheses that self-efficacy Takahashi, Yuwen Faculty of Education, Shishu patients’ SWB was related to his/her general state predicts good interpersonal relations (R=.430) University, Nagano, Japan Ishimoto, Yoko Oise of symptoms but not to his/her pathological severity more for women in comparison to men as well as Junior High School, Nagoya-city, Nagoya, Japan itself. The results suggested the importance for a moderates stress (r=.-311) stands verified in this Takahashi, Tomone Faculty of Education, Shinshu patient’s SWB to control his/her represented study. Results show that self-efficacy predicted University, Nagano, Japan symptoms more than the pathological severity of good interpersonal relations only among older The relationship between musical abilities and the mood disorder itself. males (> 48 years of age) and they therefore showed ability to pronounce foreign words was examined. better understanding and adjustment towards their Musical discriminatory tasks, English and Chinese female colleagues. The stress buffering effect of self- pronunciation tasks, a digit span test, and a Seeing how you act: Motor interference in action efficacy stands verified in this study. questionnaire on the experience in music, English simulation and Chinese were administered to 41 Japanese Tausche, Peggy CBS - Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max- university students who have learned English in Planck-Institut, Leipzig, Germany Springer, Anne A research on relationship among learning schools but had no experience in Chinese. Results Psychology, MPI CBS, Leipzig, Germany Prinz, Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 burnout, self-esteem and subjective well-being of from correlation and regression analyses showed Wolfgang Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max-Planck-Institut, college students that after controlling working memory span, there Leipzig, Germany Sun, Lili School of Management, Shenyang, People’s was a positive correlation between musical abilities Recent findings suggest that perceiving action Republic of China Zhang, Shuhua school of and the ability to pronounce foreign words. People activates corresponding motor programs in the management, Shenyang Normal University, who were good at discriminating sounds were better Shenyang, People’s Republic of China Yi, Weijing observer. This is ascribed to the mental simulation able to reproduce sounds in foreign languages. school of management, Shenyang Normal University, of observed actions. We aimed to investigate the Shenyang, People’s Republic of China functional relationship between action perception Abstract Objective? To explore the relationship Subjective and situational conditions of choosing and action execution more detailed. Participants among learning burnout, self-esteem and subjective coping strategies among adolescents watched transiently occluded actions and had to well-being. Method: 446 college students were Talik, Elzbieta Inst. of Psychology, Catholic University predict the action course after occlusion (i.e., investigated.Results :(1) Gender difference was Lublin, Lublin, Poland simulation task). While some performed only the significant, male students were higher than female The main problem of the following research simulation task, others received a secondary motor at the level of reduced personal accomplishment;(2)- concerned subjective and situational conditionings juniors were lower than seniors at the level to choose religious and nonreligious coping strate- task or a secondary sensory task. We predicted a improper behavior, and freshmen at the level gies. Situational variables are specific stressors for break-down of simulation performance only under reduced personal accomplishment; (3) Dejection adolescents that are family, school, peer and motor task conditions. Results are discussed with had partial indirect effect on SWB mediating personal stressors. Subjective variables are: sense respect to differentiation between perceptual and through self-esteem, and reduced personal accom- of self-efficacy and intensity of religious attitude. motor functions in action prediction. 478 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Comparative investigation for coping strategies pre-move intervention, we present procedure and Resiliency-Building Assessment Inventory (Hender- in Islamic and modern psychology first results of the study. son & Milstein, 1996:114-116) adjusted in Greek Tavakoli, Mahgol Psychology, Isfahan University, (1=done, 2=enough done, 3=much to be done, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Torkan, Hajar 4=nothing done). Factor analysis confirms the Not only explicit self-esteem influences memory Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Islamic original elements/factors and reliability analysis bias for self-relevant information Republic of Iran appears adequately high (a>0.73) in the Greek Tian, Lumei School of Psychology, Shandong Normal Stress can be assumed as one of the most important sample. Assessment is not sufficiently positive, University, Jinan in Shandong Province, People’s consequence of Modern period. It not only is though in service teachers’ evaluations are signifi- Republic of China cantly (p,0.001) more favorable/school-defending effective on developing many kinds of Physical and To date, research on effects of implicit self-esteem (M=2.2) than student teachers’ evaluations which Mental Disorders, but also it causes Personal and on memory bias for self-relevant information is very appear more strict/negatively-biased (M=2.6). Social dysfunctions in individuals and wastes sparse. This study assessed implicit self-esteem economic and humanistic recourses of individual using Implicit Association Test and explicit self- and his family and society. Because of importance esteem using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 184 The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy 2- of this phenomenon, we need effective strategies to undergraduates. Later, the participants were asked Taiwan version (DANVA2-TW): A computerized cope with it. Many of studies stated that one of the to free-recall the self-relevant words just seen before dual-channel instrument of nonverbal emotion important factor in success of therapy method is as many as possible. Stepwise multiple regressions recognition accordance of it with culture of target population. showed that explicit self-esteem and its interaction Tseng, Huai-Hsuan Dept. of Psychiatry, NTU Hospital, So the goal of this research is comparative study of with implicit self-esteem significantly influenced the therapeutic methods in Islamic and west cultures. Taipei, Taiwan Chen, Sue-Huei Department of amount of positive words correctly recalled, but did Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, only implicit self-esteem influence that of negative Taiwan Huang, Yu-Lien Department of Psychology, The relationship between the different words recalled. It suggests not only explicit but National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan dimensions of religiosity and moral identity implicit self-esteem influence memory bias for self- Objectives: To establish a culture-suitable instru- Tavakoli, Mahgol Psychology, Isfahan University, relevant information. ment with Han faces and voices for assessing the Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Neshat Doost, Hamid accuracy and the intensity of non-verbal emotions. Taher Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Islamic An idiographic study of health behavior change Methods: 109 college students received computer- Republic of Iran Latifi, Zohre Psychology, Isfahan from insulin dependence to independence ized tests presenting emotional stimuli randomly. 30 University, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Toise, Stefanie C. Dept. of Psychology, Clark photos and 30 voice clips across 5 emotional Objective: Purpose of this research was study of University, Worcester, USA categories (happy, sad, angry, fearful and neutral) relationship between the different dimensions of This idiographic study examines how psychological with highest agreement level were selected from religiosity and Moral Identity in students of Isfahan and behavioral changes allowed a diabetic to go 600+ stimuli. Results: High agreement level in both University. Method: In a quasi-experiment design, from insulin dependence to insulin independence in facial (0.73) and paralanguage subtest (0.81). The a sample of 78 members (41 males, 37 females) was treating her type 2 diabetes mellitus. Following the test-retest reliability among 35 college students with been selected by random sampling, then Religiosity process of her change with specific relevance to 2-weeks interval is also good (Kappa = 0.77). Measure Scale (Serajzade,1377) and Moral Identity diagnosis and insulin use, her psychological intra- Conclusion: DANVA2-TW is a culture-suitable, Scale(Aquino,2002) were administered. Result: The variability and dynamics for change were expressed reliable computerized instrument for nonverbal results showed that there is a significant correlation in measurable physiological outcomes. Yoga served emotion recognition in Han populations. between religiosity and moral identity total scores. as an important catalyst for lifestyle changes and Conclusion: The significant correlations between maintenance. Using theories of self-perception, self- Affective disorders in children with learning symbolization and application and ritual in female compassion, family, and field theory, the partici- disabilities group, and significant correlation between inter- pant’s successful changes were examined in intrain- nalization and belief in male group, showed the Tsouma, Stauroula- Melina Athens, Greece dividual contexts. Finally, use of the partnership Michopoulou, Alexandra Psychology Department, differences of male and female that can be assumed model allowed participant and researcher to discuss as a important factor. General Children’s Hospital, Palaia Penteli, Greece the study from their perspectives. Belesioti, Barbara Psychology Department, General Children’s Hospital, Palaia Penteli, Greece Goula, Coping with distress due to locomotor disability Faking personality measures in the setting of a Vasiliki Psychology Department, General Children’s Tewari, Shruti Department of Psychology, Allahabad traffic-psychological assessment for regaining Hospital, Palaia Penteli, Greece University, Allahabad, India the driving license: Explicit self-report The aim of this study is to identify psychological The present study aims to understand the process of questionnaire versus Objective Personality Test problems in children with learning difficulties. The adjustment to disability within the framework of versus Implicit Association Test sample consisted of 421 children, aged 7-14, stress research. It promotes the idea of emotional Torner, Felix Sicher Unterwegs GmbH, Vienna, categorised into 3 groups: a) slight learning rehabilitation. A questionnaire exploring distress, Austria Litzenberger, Margarete Faculty of difficulties, b) dyslexia and c) mental disabilities. disability appraisal, coping and adjustment to Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Children completed Beck Youth Inventory (BYI). disability was administered on an incidental sample Schu¨ tzhofer, Bettina Wissenschaft und Forschung, Parents filled Ascenbach’s questionnaire. Accord- of 100 individuals with locomotor disability (18-50 sicher unterwegs GmbH, Vienna, Austria ing to BYI, 29% of children mentioned low self- years) along with 10 in-depth interviews. The The susceptibility to faking of the explicit Inventory esteem, 32,3% anxiety, 22,1% depression symptoms, statistical and content analysis revealed physical, of Driving Related Personality Traits (Herle et al., 21,6% anger and 20,9% disruptive behavior. Ac- attitudinal, economic barriers and future concerns 2005), the Objective Personality Test Vienna Risk- cording to Ascenbach’s questionnaire, 21,4% of as the major domains of distress due to locomotor Taking Test Traffic (Hergovich et al., 2006) and the parents mentioned: anxiety, 21,4% depression disability. Problem focused coping was significantly self-developed Implicit Association Test (IAT – symptoms, 18,5% aggressiveness and 16,2% deli- correlated with low distress and adjustment to Risk-Taking) was explored. The quasi-experimental quent behaviour. disability (manifested in term of personal achieve- design included the comparison between real-world ment and wellbeing). examination-candidates of traffic-psychological as- Odours affects hand posture when grasping sessments with a guaranteed faking-intention and a Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Tubaldi, Federico Dept. of General Psycholoy, honest control group. For the statistical analysis a Promoting sustainable mobility: Soft policies for University of Padova, Padova, Italy Ansuini, Caterina sequential testing design was used. While the newcomers General Psycholoy, University of Padova, Padova, explicit self-report measure as well as the ‘‘Objec- Thronicker, Ines Urban Ecology, Environ. Planni, Italy Tirindelli, Roberto Neuroscience, University of tive’’ Personality Test were sucessfully faked by the Helmholtz-Centre of Environmen, Leipzig, Germany Parma, Parma, Italy Castiello, Umberto General real-world examination-candidates, the conscious Harms, Sylvia Urban Ecology, Environ. Planni, Psycholoy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy distortion of the IAT failed. Implications are Helmholtz-Centre of Environmen, Leipzig, Germany We investigated hand shaping kinematics when discussed. The study examines the behavioral efficacy of a grasping large or small targets in the presence or soft-policy measure when applied during a residen- absence of odours evoking large or small objects. tial relocation. How does habitual mode choice School resiliency building: Greek in-service and We found that ‘small’ odours rendered hand temporarily turn into rational mode choice due to student teachers assessment shaping for the large targets similar to that for context changes, and how do interventions at this Tsakalis, Panayiotis Dept. of Psychology, University small targets presented in isolation. Conversely, very moment take effect? Conducted as a pre-post of Crete, Rethymno, Greece ‘large’ odours rendered hand shaping for the small field experiment in Leipzig, Germany, in 2008, This study aims at examining the evaluations of the targets similar to that for large targets presented in newcomers and habitants participate in a two-wave resiliency-building elements (Belonging, Compe- isolation. When the odour ‘size’ matched the target survey. Between the surveys, subsamples of new- tence, Empowerment, and Usefulness) that Greek size, kinematics was facilitated by the olfactory comers and habitants receive information and schools provide to teachers and students. Approxi- stimulus. We contend that chemosensory represen- incentives to use public transport, car sharing, or mately 150 in-service and 250 student teachers tations of objects contains highly detailed informa- bike. With special concern to the new approach of a participated in this survey, responding to the School tion about the action that the objects require. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 479

Later life depression: Life satisfaction, level of subjects that completed the WAS (Janoff-Bullman, Depression, burnout and the impact of events functioning and free time activities 1989) and BJW (Dalbert et al., 1997) as well as among volunteer counsellors in South Africa Tzonichaki, Ioanna Occupational therapy, Techn. ed. clinical measures. Clinical groups have more Vawda, Naseema Dept. of Behavioural Medicine, King inst. of athens, Volos, Greece Kleftaras, George Dept. extreme view of world justice than normal controls. George V Hospital, Durban, South Africa of Special Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Controls have a higher sense of benevolence of the This pilot study assessed psychological distress Greece Malikiosi-Loisos, Maria Faculty of Early among volunteer counsellors. 16 subjects completed world, and together with paranoids have higher Childhood Ed., University of ATHENS, Volos, Greece a demographic questionnaire and the Beck’s levels of self-worth and personal control. Depres- Quality of life is directly related to an individual’s Depression Inventory (BDI), Maslach’s Burnout life satisfaction and is partly influenced by his/her sion and trauma was associated to a lower sense Inventory (MBI) and Impact of Events Scale (IES). engagement in satisfying free time activities and controllability of the world. 25% reported moderate/severe Depression on the subjective perception of his/her level of functioning BDI. 18.75% reported high and 43.75% moderate in significant life areas. The aim of the present Mechanisms of subliminal semantic priming: A Depersonalization on the MBI. 43.75% reported research is to study the impact of older adults’ meta-analysis low Personal Accomplishment(MBI) while 12.5 5 quality of life on their depressive symptomatology. van den Bussche, Eva Dept. of Psychology, Katholieke reported high Emotional Exhaustion(MBI). Posi- 250 community-living elderly persons fulfilled: a) Universiteit Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium Reynvoet, Bert tive correlations existed between the BDI and the Life-Satisfaction-Questionnaire, b) the Pichot- Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortrijk, Emotional Exhaustion (MBI) (p,0.05)and the Questionnaire-of-Depressive-Symptoms, c) the Sa- Belgium van den Noortgate, Wim Educational Avoidance and Intrusion subscales of the MBI tisfaction-from-Performance-in-Activities-of-Daily- Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortrijk, with Personal Accomplishement (MBI)(p,0.05). Living-Scale and d) the Leisure-Time-Scale. Sig- Belgium Implications of the findings are discussed. nificant correlations were found between depressive The conditions under which subliminal semantic symptoms, level of functioning in significant life priming effects can or can not be observed remains areas (specifically the every day activities), leisure Asymmetries in speech perception: Perceptual time and life satisfaction. an important object of discussion that has produced salience at lexical level? numerous inconsistent research results. Therefore, Vera Constan, Fatima Psicologia Basica, Universitat this meta-analysis was conducted to expose the de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Sebastia´ n-Galle´s, Relationships between categorization tasks and mechanisms underlying subliminal semantic prim- Nu´ ria Psicologia Ba`sica, Universitat de Barcelona, the categorical structures ing. By statistically combining the research results Barcelona, Spain Ueda, Takashi Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan Perceptual salience is an important dimension in the on subliminal semantic priming conducted through- It is often said that participants in a categorization configuration of the vocalic space during develop- task tend to classify the exemplars based on single out the years we unravelled some of the factors that ment, but its relevance in adult speech perception dimensional information. This tendency suggests significantly moderate the emergence of subliminal has been neglected. We present data from two there would be a discrepancy between a categoriza- priming effects (for example: the task used in the auditory lexical decision tasks to Spanish stimuli. tion task performance and the mental representa- experiment, the use of novel versus repeated primes, Non-words were generated by exchanging pho- tion of categorical structures inferred from the task. the use of number versus word primes, the category nemes /e/ and /i/ from real words (ventana (window) So in this study I investigated the task-representa- size of the stimuli, etc.). - * vintana; camisa (shirt) - *camesa). Both tion relationships by using several conceptual tasks behavioural and ERP measurements indicated an including two-class classification, free sorting / asymmetry in the processing of non-words: differ- clustering, and similarity judgment, to several Aging and verbal working memory capacity ences in the reaction times and in the N400 natural or artificial concepts. Results and analyses Van den Noort, Maurits Biological and Medical component were observed for both non-word types. re-confirmed the participants’ general tendencies of Psych., University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Bosch, The results indicate that perceptual salience effects one-dimensional categorical judgments, and also Peggy NICI, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, extend into adult speech perception. suggested the variety of inferred representations of Netherlands Van Kralingen, Rosalinde Foodstep, categories or concepts. Foodstep B.V., Wageningen, Netherlands Objectives The development of verbal working Structure factorial of the maslach burnout memory capacity over time was investigated. inventory: A comparative study Espan˜a- Zen Buddhist monk’s meaning of life Methods Four different age groups were tested Venezuela Urata, Yu Sakai Minami-ku, Japan Viloria Marin, Hermes Antonio Medicion y with the new standard computerized version of the The issue of meaning of life has received more Evaluacion, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, reading span test (Van den Noort et al., 2006, attention in recent years, and a variety of research Venezuela Paredes Santiago, Maritza Del Carmen has showed a wide variety of sources of meaning of 2008). Results Compared to the young adults, the Geografı´a Humana, Universidad de Los Andes, life. Meaning is constructed within his or her old adults showed a significant decrease in verbal Merida, Venezuela Avendan˜ o Rangel, Francys sociocultural context such as religion and cultural working memory capacity, a significant slowing Andreina Biologı´a, Universidad de Los Andes, worldview. This study examined the question about down in mental processing, made significantly more Merida, Venezuela the meaning of life by analyzing the narratives of intrusion errors, and had no recency-effect. Con- We study the stability of the latent structures of the Zen Buddhist monks. Semi-structured interview clusion Interestingly, the results show that there are MBI in subsets of the overall sample and offer a were conducted with Zen Buddhist monks. Then larger age-related effects in short term verbal comparative study of two groups of University using the Kawakita Jiro (KJ) method, the data were memory span than was expected on the basis of professors, one of them Spanish (762) and the other analyzed qualitatively, focusing on how the parti- Venezuelan (194). Overall we observed that for the aging theories so far. cipants constructed their life meanings from the subsets of men, women, not burnt out, extremely perspective on Buddhism. burnt out and those with two subscales with Vigilance and attention defects as human failure extreme values, the trifactorial structure with the contributing factors factors associated with Emotional Exhaustion, Self- Central assumptions in paranoia: Do paranoid esteem and Depersonalisation is apparent in these patients believe in a just world? Van Elslande, Pierre INRETS, Salon-de-Provence, France Jaffard, Magali Accident Mechanisms, collectives for both studies. However, in some cases, Valiente Ots, Carmen Psicologı´a Clı´nica, Univ. INRETS, Salon de Provence, France Fouquet, Katel such as Venezuelan women, the axes do not have Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain Espinosa Lo´ pez, Accident Mechanisms, INRETS, Salon de Provence, such a clear interpretation. Regina Psicologı´a Clı´nica I, Universidad Complutense France Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarco´ n, Spain Cantero, Dolores Problems relating to drivers’ vigil and attentional Psicologı´a Clı´nica, Univ. Complutense Madrid, Sleep related car crashes in young drivers: Risk Madrid, Spain Hervas, Gonzalo Psicologı´a Clı´nica, state have a recognized incidence in accidentology, perception and sleepiness at wheel coping Univ. Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain Provencio, but little is known about their relative influence in strategies Marı´a Psicologı´a Clı´nica, Univ. Complutense Madrid, accident mechanisms. This paper apprehends the Violani, Cristiano Dept. of Psychology, Sapienza. Madrid, Spain Romero, Nuria Psicologı´a Clı´nica, Univ. various facets which these problems cover, by University of Rome, Rome, Italy Lucidi, Fabio of Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain Va´ zquez, exploitation of an important sample of in-depth Psychology, Sapienza. University of Rome, Rome, Carmelo Psicologı´a Clı´nica, Univ. Complutense accident studies, according to a model of typical Italy Mallia, Luca of Psychology, Sapienza. University Madrid, Madrid, Spain human error-generating scenarios analysis. The of Rome, Rome, Italy We examined whether deluded paranoid patients results show that attentional problems have a The aim of the study is to examine which factors are show ‘shattered assumptions’ (Janoff-Bulman, associated with the risk perception to have night- frequency of occurrence more important than 1992). Although PTSD studies (Otto et al., 2006) time car crash in young drivers and to evaluate the have convincingly shown that traumatic experiences problems of vigilance, among the elements which strategies most commonly used to counteract may often negatively affect commonly shared contribute to the genesis of a human functional sleepiness at the wheel. 1123 young drivers with at beliefs about the world, there are no studies that failure. In contrast, vigilance deficits present a least 6 months driving experience participated to have addressed that issue in paranoids. We higher degree of impact than the defects of the study. Males are less worried about night-time compared paranoid, depressive, PTSD and control attention, in the cause of accidents. car crashes than females. Risk perception is 480 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

negatively related to night-time driving and posi- Anxiety affects body sway during orthostatic the study. The participants were required to tively related with the episodes of driving sleepiness. standing in college students complete cued-recall tasks at two difficult levels To counteract sleepiness at the wheel, the 51,47% of Wada, Maki College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo, during fMRI scanning. Results suggested that, the participants ‘‘would continue driving but do Japan Nagai, Masanori Physiology, Yamanashi Inst. during the encoding process, the HAROLD model something’’, whereas 48% of them ‘‘would stop Environm. Sci., Fujiyoshida, Japan was non-universal. It was found presenting only in We have examined whether anxiety affects body difficult task rather than simple task of cued-recall driving and do something’’. sway during stance in college students. Using a memory. within-subject paradigm, we have found that Motor fitness is related to executive control anxiety level positively correlates with the area The development of children’s conflict resolution processes in older adults and length of body sway. A fast Fourie’s transform abilities (FFT) method was further performed in order to Voelcker-Rehage, Claudia JCLL, Jacobs University Wang, Lin Dept. of Psychology, Chung Yuan examine whether anxiety influences sensory proces- Bremen, Bremen, Germany Godde, Ben JCLL, Jacobs University, Chung Li, Taiwan University Bremen, Bremen, Germany Staudinger, sing for maintaining standing posture. In high This study traces the developmental trajectory of Ursula M. JCLL, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, anxiety group, percentile power of low frequency children’s conflict resolution abilities. Four-year Germany components, which is under the influence of visual longitudinal data have been collected from final 130 We analyzed the relationship between older adults’ and vestibular inputs, was greater and percentile (64 boys, 66 girls) Taiwanese children since the 3rd motor and cognitive performance. 116 older parti- power of high frequency components, influenced by grade. Using correlation and ANOVA, results cipants worked on a flanker task inside and outside somatosensory inputs, was smaller in comparison showed that children’s abilities remained stable in to those of low anxiety group. of a 3T Siemens Headscanner and completed a each sequential year. The developmental trajectory heterogeneous battery of 12 motor tests. Results of altruistic goal-setting and prosocial strategies revealed a significant positive correlation between On the flexibility of the planning scope for lexical declined, while its instrumental goal-setting and motor and cognitive performance. Particularly, access in sentence production assertive strategies went up over the four years. The assertive strategies specially increased for girls when motor balance, fine coordination, and speed Wagner, Valentin Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t they were in the 4th and 6th grades. This showed the highest association with flanker perfor- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Jescheniak, Jo¨rgD. Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig, phenomenon may reflect the assertive need in mance. 35.1% of the total variance in cognitive Leipzig, Germany puberty, while girls reach their puberty earlier than performance was explained by these factors. A series of picture-word interference experiments boys. Furthermore, participants with low motor perfor- explored whether the planning scope for lexical mance showed more wide-spread brain activation access is structurally fixed or rather flexible, Applicability of five-kind of personality inventory patterns than older adults with high motor fitness depending e.g. on the cognitive load currently for college students’ personality measurement: during the flanker task, indicating compensation imposed on the system. When participants pro- Comparison study with 16PF processes. duced SVO-sentences under standard conditions, Wang, Aiping Beijing Normal University, Psychology subject and object nouns were found to be lexical- school, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Xu, Yan semantically activated to similar degrees at speech Beijing Normal University, Psychology school, Interaction between object characteristics and onset, as indexed by similarily sized interference Beijing, People’s Republic of China spatial language processing effects from semantic distractors. When the same Objective: Applicability of five-kind of personality Vorwerg, Constanze SFB 673, Universita¨ t Bielefeld, sentences were produced in a situation requiring inventory (FKPI, Xue, Chongcheng etc., 1988) for Bielefeld, Germany additional conceptual processing, the interference college students’ personality measurement. Meth- In order to verify linguistic spatial relations, such as effect for object nouns was strongly attenuated, ods. Using FKPI and 16PF measured 237 college ’in front’ or ’behind’, with respect to seen object supporting a flexible view of lexical retrieval. students; Results: (1) man students’ mean is higher pairs, a frame of reference (FoR) has to be significantly than woman in Taiyong (strength) and activated. This study examined the influence of Cross-language activation in bilingual processing Yinyangpinghe (equilibrium) dimensions of FKPI, reference-object characteristics and FoR repetition of compound words: The effect of semantic and perfectionism and creativity dimensions of vs. contrast in successive trials. Participants decided transparency 16PF. But their score of warmth, privateness and as quickly as possible whether a sentence described Wang, Min Human Development, University of tension dimension of 16PF are lower significantly a 3D picture presented simultaneously in a head- Maryland, College Park, USA Cheng, Chenxi Human than woman ones; (2) Except reasoning, abstract- mounted display. Results reveal influences of object Development, University of Maryland, College Park, edness, privateness, openness and creativity dimen- sions of 16PF, all dimensions of FKPI correlated shape (compact, e.g. a dolphin, vs. "looking- USA Objective: We aimed to examine the effect of with other dimensions of 16PF on corresponding through" objects, e.g. a bicycle), and category content. Conclusion FKPI is available for measure- (animals vs. vehicles vs. manipulable objects). Most semantic transparency in processing compound words among adult Chinese-English bilinguals. ment of college student’s personality. subjects switched easily between both FoRs; there Method: A lexical decision task in English was were no sequential effects. administered. A design of 2 (semantic transparency Similarity comparisons affect children’s in English: transparent vs. opaque) X 2 (lexicality of interpretation of sentences with contrastive Salutogenetic approach and diabetic patient the translated compounds in Chinese: real word vs. focus Voseekova, Alena Hygiene and Preventive Medici, nonword) was employed. Twenty-five Chinese- Wang, Yatong Dept. of Psychology, Kaifeng Faculty of Military Health Sci, Hradec Kralove, Czech English bilingual speakers were tested. Results: University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China Republic Burdova´ , Veronika Hygiene and Preventive We predict a significant interaction between seman- Three experiments were designed to investigate the Medici, Faculty of Military Health Sci, Hradec Kra´ love´, tic transparency of English compound words and effects of similarity comparisons on children’s Czech Republic Grossmann, Petr Hygiene and the lexicality of the translated Chinese compounds. interpretation of contrastive focus in sentence with Preventive Medici, Faculty of Military Health Sci, Conclusion: Cross language activation of com- ‘‘only’’. Experiment 1, similar to one of experiments Hradec Kra´love´ , Czech Republic Halajcˇuk, Toma´sˇ pound words in bilinguals is affected by semantic of Paterson et al’s study (2006), employed a Hygiene and Preventive Medici, Faculty of Military transparency of the target compounds. sequential sentence-picture verification task in Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Health Sci, Hradec Kra´ love´, Czech Republic Hrstka, which subjects were asked to hear sentences and indicated whether they correctly described the Zdeneˇ k Hygiene and Preventive Medici, Faculty of Age differences of prefrontal cortex activation in events depicted in each of six pictures.The results Military Health Sci, Hradec Kra´ love´ , Czech Republic encoding process of item memory in another two experiments showed that two- Salutoprotective factors of lifestyle influence the Wang, Dahua Inst. of Developm. Psychology, Beijing example learning by comparison rather than one- ability to manage stress and by this the course of the Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of example learning can better promote children’s disease. We pay detailed attention to S.O.C. type China Tang, Dan Beijing Normal University, Institute comprehension of ambiguous focus in sentences resistance and percentage representation of the of Developmental Psy, Beijing, People’s Republic of with only. usual psychological state components in type 2 China Peng, Huamao Beijing Normal University, diabetic patients. Knowledge of these factors Institute of Developmental Psy, Beijing, People’s enables us to estimate the extent of vulnerability Republic of China Shen, Jiliang Beijing Normal Stages and cognitions in physical activity: A of the patient and his ability to cope with his University, Institute of Developmental Psy, Beijing, theory-guided investigation People’s Republic of China disease, to accept a change in treatment, and to Warner, Lisa Marie Berlin, Germany Lippke, Sonia This study aimed at examining the universality of Health Psychology, FU Berlin, Berlin, Germany keep the treatment regimen. The possibility of Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction of Older Wiedemann, Amelie Ulrike Health Psychology, FU strengthening the resistance of an individual by Adults (HAROLD) model of item memory indi- Berlin, Berlin, Germany Reuter, Tabea Health psychological means creates space for targeted cated by cued-recall task. 25 old adults (60-78 years Psychology, FU Berlin, Berlin, Germany Ziegelmann, psychological intervention (counselling, psychother- old) and 15 young adults (20-29 years old), who Jochen Philipp Health Psychology, FU Berlin, Berlin, apy). were both at same educational level, took part in Germany Wednesday 23rd July 2008 481

Objectives: Investigating the relationship of social- faced with a problem solving task. Our results University, Taipei, Taiwan Wu, Yin-Chang Psychology cognitive predictors and stages derived from the suggest that older familiar dyads are expert (S115), National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) for collaborators who might be able to compensate Many studies had found that chronic disease different types of physical activity. Methods: for individual cognitive deficits through dyadic patients had experienced more negative emotions. Responses of N=103 blue collar-workers were cognition. However, some patients adapted well to their analysed via regression (mediation hypothesis) and disease. This study aimed to explore the psycholo- ANOVA. Results: Social-cognitive variables pre- gical factors that could affect chronic patients’ Ability perceptions, perceived control and risk dicted leisure-time physical activity (planning emotion. Negative emotions, disturbed level, and avoidance among male and female older drivers mediated relations). Participants different mindsets subjective evaluation of health were measured by Windsor, Tim Centre for Mental Health Res., across stages supported stage-assumptions. Physical questionnaires. The results showed that chronic Australian National University, Canberra, Australia activity due to household chores, blue-collar work patients who were more disturbed by ‘‘increased Anstey, Kaarin Centre for Mental Health Res., or locomotion could not be explained by HAPA daily hassles’’ and ‘‘changes in one’s functions’’ Australian National University, Canberra, Australia variables. Conclusions: Type of physical activity reported more negative emotions. These results Walker, Janine Centre for Mental Health Res., has to be considered when testing theoretical implied that comprehensive health education pro- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia models. Both stage and continuous assumptions grams, especially those helped patients to change Associations between perceived control over driv- of the HAPA build a useful basis for designing their life styles, might be useful to dealing with ing, driving ability perception (an index of un- interventions. chronic patients emotional problems. realistic optimism) and self-reported avoidance of high-risk driving situations were examined in a Is it me? Motor resonance effects after sample of 304 older drivers. Associations between Upright Chinese characters grab attention observation of one’s own and others’ actions perceived control over driving, ability perception second to faces Weiß, Carmen Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Max-Planck- and indices of well-being (life satisfaction and Wu, Shengjun Dept. of Psychology, Fourth Military Institut, Leipzig, Germany Tsakiris, Manos depressive symptoms) were also investigated. Re- Medical Univ., Xi’an, People’s Republic of China Zhu, Psychology, Royal Holloway, egham, United sults indicated that perceived control over driving Xia Psycology, Fourth Military Medical Univer, Xi’an, Kingdom Haggard, Patrick Psychology, ICN, and perceived driving ability were associated with People’s Republic of China Miao, Danmin Psycology, University College London, London, United Kingdom reduced risk avoidance and increased well-being, Fourth Military Medical Univer, Xi’an, People’s Schu¨ tz-Bosbach, Simone Psychology, MPI CBS, with these associations moderated by sex. Results Republic of China Leipzig, Germany are discussed in terms of adaptive and maladaptive Objectives: To investigate whether Chinese char- A converging body of evidence indicates that both consequences of perceptual biases and the impor- acters have the similar ability to capture attention the execution and observation of actions activates tance of effective self-regulation for aging well. as human faces for native Chinese. Methods: overlapping cortical networks. This implies a Twenty-four undergraduates participated in the shared, agent-neutral representation of self and Companion animals, attachment and health in go/no-go and inhibition of return (IOR) experi- other. We compared motor facilitation after ob- the elderly ments. Results: In the go/no-go experiment, upright servation of one’s own and others’ actions pre- Winefield, Helen Dept. of Psychology, University of Chinese characters significantly delayed target sented in an ambiguous situation to investigate Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Chur-Hansen, Anna response times in comparison with other stimuli whether the human motor system equates or Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia categories except upright faces. In the IOR experi- differentiates self and other. Furthermore, subjects The scientific literature is equivocal regarding the ment, delayed responding of saccade to a location were required to make an explicit judgement about possible health benefits of companion animal own- that previously contained Chinese characters or the ownership of the hand performing the action. ership in older people. Adults aged 60+ years (N = faces was observed. Conclusions: These results The results will be discussed with respect to a 314) responded to standardised scales, then quali- supported the hypothesis that Chinese characters sensorimotor and explicit self-representation and tative interviews explored further the connections have the similar ability to attract attention as faces the possible interrelation between them. between companion animal ownership, the human- for native Chinese. animal bond, and owner well-being. Pet ownership Sense of coherence and healthy aging failed to explain variance in health after taking Risk of depressive reaction and its prevention in Wiesmann, Ulrich Inst. fu¨ r Medizin Psychologie, account of health habits such as smoking. Some chronic disease patients Universita¨ t Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany older people gain the potential health benefits of pet Wu, Yin-Chang Psychology (S115), National Taiwan Nieho¨ rster, Gabriele Institute for Medical Psycholo, ownership in other ways, and some with deep University, Taipei, Taiwan Chien, Liang-Lin University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany attachment to their pet but few other attachments Psychology (S115), National Taiwan University, Hannich, Hans-Joachim Institute for Medical may be at risk of psychological distress and other Taipei, Taiwan Huang, Yun-Hsin Psychology (S115), Psycholo, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, health problems. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Wu, Chih- Germany Hsun Psychology (S115), National Taiwan University, We tested two hypotheses derived from Antonovs- What factors impact on mainstream teachers’ Taipei, Taiwan Huang, Yang-Wen Psychology (S115), ky’s (1987) salutogenic model: Resources co-vary beliefs about children with learning difficulties? National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan with the sense of coherence (SOC), and the SOC is a Woolfson, Lisa Dept. of Psychology, University of The study aimed to establish intervention programs mediator of resource effects on subjective health. Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom Brady, Katy for probable emotional and suicidal problem of 387 seniors (26.6% men) filled out a comprehensive Psychology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, chronic disease patients in primary care settings. To questionnaire assessing subjective health, SOC, and United Kingdom explore the influential psychological factors, re- 19 biopsychosocial resources. The SOC was pre- Objectives: To explore teachers’ beliefs about searchers examined the interrelationships between dicted by optimism, self-esteem, low depressive teaching children with learning difficulties. Method: personal disease-related construct, cognitive adjust- mood, self-efficacy, and expected social support. Data were gathered from 199 teachers on attribu- ment, self-efficacy, coping and emotional reactions The SOC strongly mediated resource-effects on tions, self-efficacy and coping with learning diffi- by inventories. The result suggested: (1) most psychological health and symptom reporting, but culties, attitudes to disabled people, and general patients could reconstruct their cognitive appraisals not on physical health. With respect to gerontolo- optimism. Results: Multiple regression analyses to chronic diseases and reported less threatening gical practice and intervention, the SOC is an found efficacy was a positive predictor of external feelings; (2) high self-efficacy related with more Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 important estimate of idiographic strengths in locus of causality attributions (p =.007), stability (p problem-focused coping and less depressive mood; health matters. = .003) and controllability (p = .059). Sympathy (3)low self-efficacy increased both avoidant coping was a negative predictor of external locus of and negative mood. According to the results, we causality (p = .002) and stability (p = .046). proposed tentative programs to enhance adjustment Older spouses’ dyadic problem solving of chronic disease patients. performance Conclusions: Teachers with high self-efficacy and those whose attitudes to disabled people were not Wight, Melanie Inst. fu¨ r Gerontopsychologie, overwhelmed by sympathy used more positive Universita¨t Zu¨ rich, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland Martin, Mike An ERP study on the time course of top-down attributions about the possibilities for learner Gerontopsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, control of visual attention progress. Switzerland Wykowska, Agnieszka Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Collaboration with the spouse may be an important Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Schubo¨, resource for successful problem solving, especially Why some chronic disease patients felt more Anna Psychology, LMU, Munich, Mu¨ nchen, Germany in old age. To examine individual versus dyadic negatively than others? A study in Taiwan Stimuli that are very salient might capture attention problem solving performance of older adults, we Wu, Chih-Hsun Psychology (S115), National Taiwan in a bottom-up manner. However, top-down present data from an ongoing study of elderly University, Taipei, Taiwan Huang, Yun-Hsin control can modulate processing enabling selection spouses (N = 50; minimum age 60 years). The Psychology (S115), National Taiwan University, of relevant input. Using ERP methodology, we comparison of individual versus dyadic problem Taipei, Taiwan Huang, Yang-Wen Psychology (S115), examined how top-down and bottom-up mechan- solving abilities provides a better understanding of National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Cheng, isms interact throughout the process of visual older couples’ dyadic adaptation processes when Yih-Ru Psychology (S115), National Taiwan selection. Our paradigm combined visual search 482 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

with post-display probe presentation. Probes fol- Attentional Control in Visual Search with Mojtaba counselling, University of social welfare, lowed search displays with two different time Singletons: Effects of Spatial Information Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran delays. In line with behavioral results, ERPs locked Yamaoka, Kao Psychology, Sophia University, Tokyo, The purpose of this research was to study the effect to probes presented after a longer delay revealed Japan Umeda, Satoshi Psychology, Keio University, of Taaziyeh on development of moral judgment effects on the P1 component likely reflecting top- Tokyo, Japan among adolescents. Taaziyeh is an impressive down control of focal attention. We concluded that When there exists one salient stimulus (singleton) in traditional Islamic ceremony in Iran for memory with time, top-down control guides focal attention a visual field among others, whether attention can of grand son of prophet Mohammad (s) who to be efficiently to the relevant target. be controlled in a top-down fashion is still martyred thirteen centuries ago. 75 male adoles- controversial. Our present study investigated cents (15-17) participated in Taziyeh whom to be whether attentional control can be observed when Effects of driving fatigue on mental workload in selected randomly and answered moral judgment participants have the advanced knowledge about development questionnaire after end of the cere- real road condition spatial locations of the upcoming targets, by mony. The same number of subjects were selected Xu, Xianggang Chinese Academy of Sciences, manipulating their probabilities. Our results indi- as control group. Findings revealed a significant Institute of psychology, Beijing, People’s Republic of cated that when participants were capable of China Sun, Xianghong Chinese Academy of Sciences, predicting the locations of the upcoming targets, difference between two groups (p#0.05). This Institute of psychology, Beijing, People’s Republic of the performance was enhanced and it was not means that the participation in Taaziyeh can China Zhang, Kan Chinese Academy of Sciences, affected by irrelevant singleton. Our findings enhance moral judgment development. The results Institute of psychology, Beijing, People’s Republic of suggest that advanced spatial information enables indicate the positive role of some religious cere- China participants to ignore the irrelevant singleton and mony on development of moral judgment ofado- Objectives: Drivers’ performance in driving second- make top-down attentional control possible. lescents. ary tasks, and relationship between physiological indices and subjective mental workload (MWL) Effects of response style on the personality and were investigated between two different driver An event related potential study of accessing self-esteem conditions. Methods: Ten taxi drivers were required word meaning in two languages for Chinese- English bilinguals Yu, Yibing Yingdong Building, Room 255, Beijing to do oral calculations during driving in the Yang, Runrong teacher’s college, Dalian University, Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of morning and in the afternoon, respectively. Perfor- Dalian, People’s Republic of China China Hong, Zou Inst.Developmental psychology, mance of secondary task, physiological indices, This study was to investigate the representation and Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic subjective MWL and subjective feeling of fatigue processing of first and second language words of of China Kejia, Qu Ins.Developmental psychology, were compared. Results: Difference of calculation Chinese-English bilinguals. A semantic categoriza- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic errors was significantly found, with more errors in tion task was employed, while ERPs were recorded of China the morning than in the afternoon. Physiological and behavioral data were also collected. The results Are the relationships of personality and self-esteem indices showed different results. The other two were: first language repetition and second language ‘‘real’’ ? This study examines the response style subjective measurements were also compared. repetition produced a significant reduction than effects on the ‘‘Little Five’’ Personality and Global Conclusions: The results shows practice effects control condition respectively, between-language Self-Esteem(GSE) with 1654 Chinese students. and verified the Yerkes-Dodson Law. repetitions were different for different language Preliminary analysis shows that the simple correla- order: the priming effects from L2 to L1 were larger tion between GSE and ‘‘Little-Five’’ personality or On the relationship between the mere exposure than from L1 to L2. The results suggested within- response styles are all significant at the 0.05 level effect and the contextual cuing effect language repetition facilitated the decision at both above and beyond. After controlled the effects of lexical (orthography and phonology) and concep- Yagi, Yoshihiko Comprehensive human sciences, response styles, the combined variance explanation tual (meaning) level, while between-language repeti- University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Kikuchi, Tadashi ratio and the partial regression coefficients of tion had different priming mechanism. Comprehensive human sciences, University of personality factors on the GSE decrease for some Tsukuba, 8572, Japan extent respectively. It implies that the relationship We investigated the relationship between the mere Effect of performing arithmetic and reading aloud between personality and self-esteem may be infla- exposure effect in which previous exposures to on memory tasks in the elderly tive partially. stimuli increased participants’ preference for those Yoshida, Hajime Dept. of Psychology, Ritsumeikan stimuli, and the contextual cuffing effect (CC) in University, Kyoto, Japan Furuhashi, Keisuke The psychology of waiting which visual search performance was faster for psychology, Fukuoka prefectual University, tagawa, targets appearing in previously exposed configura- Japan Ookawa, Ichiro psychology, tukuba University, Zakay, Dan Dept. of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, tions than for targets appearing in new configura- tukuba, Japan Tsuchida, Noriaki psychology, Tel-Aviv, Israel tions. Participants were asked to search T -target ritsumeikan University, kyoto, Japan Nakamura, Waiting is a common daily behavior. A model, among rotated L-distractors. The mean reaction Yoshiro psychology, ritsumeikan University, kyoto, based on time perception processes and on social time showed a typical CC. Then, participants were Japan Son, Kin psychology, ritsumeikan University, factors like social justice, is suggested for explaining asked to evaluate how much they like the repeated kyoto, Japan Takahashi, Nobuko psychology, waiting behavior. The model can account for or new configurations. The results showed that the ritsumeikan University, kyoto, Japan Ishikawa, phenomena like abandoning of waiting, feelings of liking ratings for the repeated configurations were Mariko psychology, ritsumeikan University, kyoto, stress while waiting and other typical waiting lower than those for the new configurations. Japan Miyata, Masako psychology, ritsumeikan behaviors. Implications of the model for the design University, kyoto, Japan Hakoiwa, Chiyoji of real and virtual waitings’ environment as well as psychology, ritsumeikan University, kyoto, Japan implications for marketing are discussed. Perceived pain and anxiety before and after Recent studies demonstrated that solving easy amniocentesis among Turkish pregnant women arithmetic and reading aloud activated prefrontal Yalcinkaya-Alkar, O¨ zden Psychiatry, SB Etlik Ihtisas lobe more than other cognitive tasks by using The correlation between social support, coping Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Yalvac, Serdar Ethem fMRI. Two experiments were conducted to examine style and subjective well-being of college OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, SB ETLIK effect of performing these tasks on memory students Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 MATERNITY HOSPITAL, ANKARA, Turkey performances such as working memory, short-term Zhang, Jianren Department of Psychology, Hunan The main objective of this study was to examine the memory, or long-term memory in the elderly. A Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of Turkish pregnant women’s perception of pain and total of 70 elderly were given tasks of simple China anxiety before and soon after the amniocentesis. A arithmetic or reading aloud over 35 sessions in Objective: To explore college students’ relations total of 294 pregnant women from the obstetrics Exp.1 with feedback to their responses and in Exp.2 among social support?coping style and subjective clinics of SBEtlik Maternity Hospital who had without feedback. Results in the long-term memory well-being(SWB). Methods: Two hundred and amniocentesis performed were interviewed at hos- task showed significant difference between Experi- fourteen college students were evaluated with Index pital before and soon after amniocentesis. Demo- mental and control groups in post-test. These of Well-being?Affect Scales?Simplified Coping Style graphic, obstetrics and other related variables, results were discussed in terms of activation theory Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Social Support Rating which may affect pain and anxiety perception, were of prefrontal lobe. Scale(SSRS). Results: Social support correlated included into the study. After descriptive statistics with SWB significantly and positively. Positive presented, paired samples t tests and analysis of The role of Islamic ceremony (Taazizyeh) on coping style was positively correlated with variance conducted. The results revealed that development of moral judgment among SWB?but negative coping style was positively although there was a decrease in perceived pain adolescents in Iran correlated with negative affect. Positive coping style and anxiety after the procedure, perceived anxiety Younesi, Jalal counselling, University of social was positively correlative with social support?and was still higher than the perceived pain level after welfare, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Amirjan, negative coping style was negatively correlative with the amniocentesis. Implications of these results were Sarah counselling, University of social welfare, subjective support.Conclusion: SWB had significant discussed. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Soltani Abad, correlations with social support and coping style. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 483

Tracking the time course of segmental and tonal On relations between pupils, mental health, sample confirmed. Conclusion:The Internet Beha- encoding in Chinese spoken production: an personality and parental rearing patterns vior Questionnaire for Adolescents had acceptable event-related potential study Zhang, Jianren Department of Psychology, Hunan construct validity. Zhang, Qingfang Institute of Psychology, Beijing, Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of People’s Republic of China China This study investigated the time course of segmental Objective:To explore the interaction among mental Mental health in a German teacher sample at the and tonal encoding during Chinese spoken produc- health, personality and parental rearing patterns in beginning of their occupational career tion. Participants were shown pictures and carried 6-13 years old children. Methods:273 children aged Zimmermann, Linda Psychosomatische Medizin, out a go/nogo decision based on either segmental or in 6-13 years old were assessed by Egna Minnen Universita¨tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany tonal information. The segmental decision was to Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) Scale, Eysenck Wangler, Jutta Psychosomatische Medizin, determine whether the picture name started with a Personality Questionaire (EPQ) and SCL-90. Re- Universita¨tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany specific phoneme (i.e., /j/) or not. The tonal decision sult:The N and P of EPQ were correlated positively Unterbrink, Thomas Psychosomatische Medizin, was to determine whether the picture name was of with each factors of SCL-90. Negative correlation Universita¨tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany tone 1 (tone 2, tone 3 or tone 4) or not. Analyses of between parent’s affective warmth and the scores of Pfeifer, Ruth Psychosomatische Medizin, N200 effects indicated that segmental and tonal factors of SCL-90. Positive correlations exist Universita¨tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany information was retrieved simultaneously. It pro- between parent’s punishments, overprotection, re- Wirsching, Michael Psychosomatische Medizin, vides evidence for Levelt et al.’s (1999) language jection and the scores of factors SCL-90. Con- Universita¨tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany production model. clusion:Parental rearing patterns may effect Bauer, Joachim Psychosomatische Medizin, childern’s mental health through the Mediation Universita¨tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany effect of childern’s personality. In order to analyze how early mental health How negative numbers cause spatial shifts of problems arise in the occupational career of Ger- attention if they can man teachers, we applied several inventories (GHQ, Zhang, Yu Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, How contextual characteristics in organizations MBI, AVEM) in 470 German student teachers Xi’an, People’s Republic of China enhance employee creativity? A dynamic model (students after having completed their university Studies have shown that processing magnitude of Zhang, Kai School of Business, Renmin University of studies, but teaching under supervision). With positive numbers can cause spatial shifts of atten- China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China respect to the GHQ, 45 % of the student teachers tion, for negative numbers, however, there’s rare This paper systematically reviews and integrates evidence for whether processing negative numbers theoretical and empirical research on contextual sample showed values beyond the cutoff >=4 can cause such shifts. The present experiments was characteristics enhancing employee creativity in the (compared to ‘‘only’’ 29.8 % in teachers) reflecting to investigate if processing negative numbers can workplace and explores the dynamic mechanism of a high level of job strain. One of the causes for this cause spatial shifts of attention, and whether it the effects of these ones on employee creativity. surprisingly high rate might be that a majority of depends upon magnitude or absolute value. Experi- Based on a self-organizing theory of human the student teachers indicated that they felt ment1 reveals spatial shifts of attention depending motivation, a new theoretical model is put forward insufficiently prepared for their job. upon absolute value, whereas upon magnitude in through including interest into the dynamic me- Experiment2. The study suggests that processing chanism. It is suggested that employees’ interest in The simple and multiple relationship of negative numbers can cause spatial shifts of work mediates the impact of the contextual personality characteristics and mental health attention, how it does, however, seems to depend characteristics on their creativity. Implications of with blood type system (ABO) in students upon the inter-influence from other involving this theoretical model for future research and numbers on them. management practices are discussed. Zirak Moradlou, Hossein Dept. of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran The aim of this study was, identification and Negative attentional set based on abstract Cognitive development of 3~6 years old Chinese determination of simple and multiple relationship conceptual level: Evidence from the suppressed children’s beliefs on the relationship between of personality characteristics and mental health N2pc in the attentional blink gender-role and aggression with blood type system (ABO), with causal- Zhang, Dexuan Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Zheng, Lijun Dept. of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal comparative method, random cluster sampling, Normal University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China Hu, NEO-FFI, SCL 90-R, and confident evidence China Martens, Sander BCN Neuroimaging Center, Jun Law School, Hangzhou Normal University, indicator blood type, in 169 students of Shahid University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China Beheshti University. According to t-tests, one way Zhou, Xiaolin Department of Psychology, Peking Cognitive development of 3~6 years old Chinese analysis of variance and analysis of regression: 1- University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China children’s beliefs about the relationship between The attentional blink (AB) is a deficit in reporting gender-role and aggression were systematically There is significant relationship between neuroti- the second of two targets when it occurs 200-500 ms examined via 3 personal interviews (N=376). In cism with global severity index and Conscientious- after the first. Here we investigate how a distractor Interview 1, children aged from 3 have obtained the ness with mental health. 2- There is no causal effect stimulus presented prior to the first target can alter ability of reasoning out certain aggression forms between bLood type system (ABO), with person- the attentional set, the amount of resources across gender-role information. In Interview 2, both ality characteristics and mental health. 3- There is allocated as indexed by the N2pc ERP component, of preschoolers and pupils have enabled to infer no effect gender on mental health, but it effects and behavioral performance for the second target. gender types from given aggression behavioral agreeableness. Suppression effects were found when the critical labels. In Interview 3, it found out 3-4 years old distractor matched the second target, either at the children were more apt to make systematical level of perceptual features, or the level of mistakes and memory distortion. These findings Poster Session Wednesday conceptual features. Possible implications for exist- suggest Chinese children aged from 3 have orga- Afternoon 14:00 ing theoretical models of the AB are discussed. nized schemata about the relationship between gender-role and aggression that affect their cogni- Parental perspectives on mental retardation and tive activities, the development of such schemata their interaction with their children Does saccade inhibition of return severed as a patterns tends to be stable.

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 foraging facilitator: Evidence from two behavior Abdurahman, Feruz Special Needs Education, Addis studies Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Zhang, Yang Dept. of Psychology, Northeast Normal Development of internet-related behavior This study aimed to assess how parents understand University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China questionnaire for adolescents mental retardation, and their interaction with the Ming, Zhang Psycology, NortheastNormal university, Zhou, Shijie Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South mentally retarded child at home. The effect of ’’ Changchun, People’s Republic of China University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China mother-to mother" interaction program, under the Objective: The goal of current study was to Objective:To develop an instrument for assessing support of a non-governmental organization called determine whether saccade inhibition of return the internet-related behavior characteristics of Medical Missionary of Mary’s Counseling Center, (IOR) served as a foraging facilitator or an intrinsic adolescents. Methods:The initial questionnaire con- based in Addis Ababa, was also assessed. 6 parents aspect of shifting attention (Hooge et al, 2005). sists of 70 items, which involve the assessment of and 2 project coordinators from the organization Methods: Thirteen and fourteen students served as cognitive, emotional, and behavioral characteristics were purposely selected. Semi-structured interview participants in experiment 1 and 2 respectively. The related to internet usage. A total of 1096 valid data spatial working memory (SPWM) load was ma- samples of college students were collected. Result- and were the main tools for data collection. nipulated by have the SPWM load or not (experi- s:Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 9-factor Qualitative method of analysis was employed The ment 1) or varying the memory set size between one solution, which can be specified as information parents described mental retardation as a natural and four (experiment 2). Results and Conclusions: seeking and technological mastery, cybersexual and phenomenon given by God as a punishment. The saccade IOR wasn’t modulated by SPWM. game, and so on. 9 factors could explain 51.651% of Further research has to be conducted in this regard Therefore, saccade IOR is not served as a foraging the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis(C- and awareness of parents on mental retardation and facilitator. FI) showed that the 9-factor construct was across- early intervention should be enhanced. 484 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Socioemotional violence prevention program in effective in improving sound-symbol association, Self-esteem and communication in adults Puerto Rican preschool children phonic analysis, semantic closure, lexical proces- Armas Vargas, Enrique Person., Evaluat. & Abelleira Martinez, Mayra A. Dept. of Psychology, sing, language internalization, grapheme phoneme Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Tenerife, Spain University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico association, verbal visual correspondence, listening This study investigated the relationship between the Hernandez, Giselle 7066, Bo. Maria, Moca, Puerto Rico comprehension and reading comprehension. Self-Esteem Questionnaire (CAE, Armas-Vargas, Alicea Cuprill, Giselle Marie Psychology, University of E.) with adults and the relationship with a Puerto Rico, Bayamon, Puerto Rico Armstrong Rivera, Communication Index (father, mother, brothers, Nicole M. Psychology, University of Puerto Rico, Life values inventory (LVI): Studies with couple; friends and labor environment). 100 adults Mayaguez, Puerto Rico Nunez Zapata, Mayra A. Portuguese college students (49 men & 51 women, age 23-54 years). Factor Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Almeida, Leonor Dept. de Psicologia, Universidade analysis and reliability was conducted on CAE: 4 Rico Lusofona, Lisboa, Portugal Tavares, Patrı´cia factors (58% variance): He himself (alpha=.90); This investigation assessed the response of very Psicologia, Universidade Lusofona, Lisboa, Portugal Negative Comparison with Others (alpha=.90); young children to a culturally adapted violence The use of the Life Values Inventory (LVI) – Valuation of Ineffectiveness (alpha=.78); The prevention program. The ‘‘Second Step’’ program Portuguese Version (Almeida, 2006) -in the higher Others (alpha=.73). We obtained a significantly was adjusted according to the Puerto Rican culture education context was the goal of a research with a correlation between the factors Negative Compar- and implemented with a classroom of 37 preschool group of 271 college students. Following a sum- ison with others & valuation of Ineffectiveness, and children, whose social skills, along with teacher mary of the bibliography’s revision about the a difficult communication with brothers, couple, perception of the program, were evaluated. Quali- importance of the values in the career development, boss & mother. When Self-evaluation and the tative findings indicated that the material adapta- it is presented the analysis of the scores obtained evaluation of the others are positive, communica- tions required further alterations to make them tion with friends, brothers and boss is easy. more amenable to teacher schedules and systemic with the Life Values Inventory: means and standard limitations within the school. Quantitative analyses deviations; internal consistence coefficients, by the indicated significant behavioral change from pre- to alpha of Cronbach method; factor analysis and Relationship of participation in decision-making, post-test in 46% of the participants. Implications groups differences analysis defined by field of trust, and organizational citizenship behavior for cultural adaptation of curricula and the studies, gender, geographic area and public vs. with organizational identity and justice from implementation context are discussed. private universities. personnel‘s point of view in an industrial complex Ashja, Arezoo i/o Psycology, Isfahan University, Emotional Labour; Job stress in call centres: Does Linkage of job characteristics and depression in a Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Nouri, Abolghasem i/ emotional intelligence matter? national health survey in the United States o psycology, isfahan university, isfahan, Islamic Agrawal, Rakesh Kumar OB&HR, Ins. of Management Alterman, Toni NIOSH-DSHEFS-SB, CDC, Cincinnati, Republic of Iran Oreyzi, Hamid Reza i/o psycology, Technology, Ghaziabad, India Misra, Renu OB&HR, USA Grosch, James CDC/NIOSH/DART, National isfahan university, isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Ins. of Management Technology, Ghaziabad, India Institute for Occupat, Cincinnati, USA Chen, Xiao Samavatian, Hossein i/o psycology, isfahan Most studies available in literature implicitly or CDC/NIOSH/DSHEFS, National Institute for Occupat, university, isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran explicitly conclude that emotional labour has Cincinnati, USA Chrislip, David CDC/NIOSH/DART, This paper investigated The relationship of partici- negative and dysfunctional consequences, such as National Institute for Occupat, Cincinnati, USA pation in decision-making, trust, and organizational job stress and emotional exhaustion, for workers. Petersen, Martin CDC/NIOSH/DSHEFS, National citizenship behavior with organizational identity However, they do not examine the role of Institute for Occupat, Cincinnati, USA Muntaner, and justice from personnel‘s point of view in an emotional intelligence in the relationship. In this Carles CAMH, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada industrial complex. data gathered from 200 com- study, we examine the mediating effect of emotional Associations between depression and proxy mea- pany‘s employee through relative questionnaire. intelligence in the relationship between emotional sures for workplace psychosocial factors and work correlations, reggressions and path analysis indi- labour and job stress by analysing data collected organization were examined. Job characteristics cated significant relationship between variables. through standard instruments from 150 customer from the Occupational Information Network service agents in call centres in India. Since it is an (O*NET) were linked to the U.S. National Health ongoing research and data collection is in progress, Interview Survey. Scales were developed through Animal-assisted play therapy for children the findings would be available only at the time of suffering from emotional stress factor analyses and linkage was done using submission of full paper. Axelrad-Levy, Tamar Animal Assisted Therapy, David occupational titles. Logistic regression showed that Yallin Colage, Jerusalem, Israel several O*NET variables (e.g., guiding work of This new intervention is derived from D. W. Parents as partner: A study of problems affecting others, gaining knowledge, and positive manage- Winnicott’s theory and has two basic objectives: parents in training their children with intellectual ment relations) were protective for depression after deficits 1) the animals, as represented in their life cycle, adjustment for gender, race, ethnicity, education, serve as intermediaries between the child’s external- Ahlawat, Sangeeta Dept. of Education, University of and age. Additional analysis using this linkage inner reality. 2) the child relates to his/her inner Krukshetra, Kurukshetra, India technique is warranted, and may suggest other Parents play an important role in the education and contents indirectly, through projection and trans- training of a child with intellectual deficit. However, important job characteristics associated with work- ference. The therapy sessions take place in a special the scenario w.r.t. parents’ participation in India is er well-being. space called the Animal-Corner. There the child is not very encouraging. The study was conducted to free to choose the type of animal and the character find the parents’ problems in training their intellec- of the relationship with the animal and the Can a painful stimulus induce either conditioned therapist. Two examples are presented, demonstrat- tually challenged wards. Parents of 50 children avoidance or conditioned approach? studying in special schools in two districts of ing how to work through topics such as self-identity Andreatta, Marta Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t and conflict related to mother- child bonding. Haryana were administered questionnaires. The Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Mu¨ hlberger, Andreas parents revealed various problems; mothers re- Psychology, University of Wu¨ rzburg, Wuerzburg, ported more problems than fathers; parents of Germany Kenntner-Mabiala, Ramona Psychology, Psychological assessment and management of female children had greater problems; less educated lower back pain among orthopaedic patients Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 University of Wu¨ rzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany Pauli, endorsed more problems; low income and severity Paul Psychology, University of Wu¨ rzburg, Wuerzburg, Ayeni, Esther Dept. of Psychology, University of of the condition were positively related to problems Germany Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria faced. The study investigated how the timing between This study with two phase-assessment and treat- unconditioned stimulus (US) and conditioned ment examined the orthopaedic, social and psycho- Reading difficulties among dyslexics: Efficacy of a stimulus (CS+) influences the valence of the CS+. logical causes of lower back pain in orthopaedic remedial programme A between design was used: 22 participants were and non-orthopaedic patients in Lagos, Nigeria. Ahlawat, Sangeeta Dept. of Education, University of forward conditioned (CS preceded US) and 22 were PSE, PRS ans SCL-90 were administered on the Krukshetra, Kurukshetra, India backward conditioned (CS followed US). Valence two sets of participants, 80 patients and 90 non- patients. Independent T-test, Pearson Product The study was planned to see the effectiveness of an and arousal ratings as well as startle reflex were Moment Correlation and, ANOVA were the intervention programme in remediating reading measured as dependent variable. CS+ was rated difficulties among children with dyslexia. The study stastical methods used. The study reveled; signifi- more negative and more arousing after conditioning employed pre-test post test control experimental cant difference in the pain manifestiation and compared to CS-. Furthermore, the startle response design. Forty respondents (20 each in experimental psychopathology of patients and non-patients; and control group) in the age range 8-10 years and after conditioning was enhanced during CS+ psychopathology differences between female and studying in public schools in Panipat district of presentation than during presentation of the con- male participants; significant correlation of pain Haryana were selected purposively. A six weeks trol. In summary, CS+ acquired aversive qualities and psychopathology. Results emphasized the need programme comprising of different activities was after being both forward and backward condi- to complement chemotherapy and physiotherapy administered. The programme was found to be tioned. with psychotherapy Wednesday 23rd July 2008 485

Humiliation, embarrassment and guilt in auditory cortical processing (prior 50 ms after Limits and possibilities in psychotherapeutic Japanese part-time job stimulus presentation), even for variable sound treatment of patients from poor communities Azami, Ritsuko University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo, input with respect to sound’s quality and onset. Barbosa, Cristina Monteiro Dept. de Psicometria, Japan Our data support the existence of internal forward UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil de Freitas Perez, Lucia In western society, shame is maladaptive and guilt is models, which have been proposed for other Maria Dept. de Psicologia, UNESA / FAMATh, Rio de adaptive. This study is to examine whether or not modalities, also in audition. Janeiro, Brazil shame and guilt are adaptive for Japanese. Partici- Aim: make clear the limits and possibilities of pants were 92 Japanese undergraduates who had psychotherapy in institutions that comprise social The nature and outcomes of work-family part-time job experiences. They were semi-struc- clinic care. Method: it is a clinical research that enrichment amongst South African employees. tured interviewed about the degree of shame and consisted of psychological treatment of patients guilt they felt when being rebuked by their boss, Bagraim, Jeffrey School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa from poor communities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. customer, or co-worker. Factor analysis of self- Result: based on patients’ speech, the conclusion is ratings on shame and guilt extracted three factors; Jaga, Ameeta School of Management Studies, that besides the scarcity due to serious social humiliation, embarrassment, and guilt. Humiliation University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa was related to maladaptive characteristics such as This study examined the nature and outcomes of factors, we verified a significant difficulty of anger, while guilt was related to adaptive char- work-family enrichment amongst South African symbolization. Conclusion: it was verified that acteristics such as apology. employees (N = 336) who responded to a self-report psychological clinic is bonded with social and questionnaire from multiple sites of a retail cultural issues. organization. Factor analysis was used to examine Eco-cultural influences on pictorial depth the dimensionality of work-family enrichment, its perception bi-directionality, and its distinctiveness from work- The diagnoses and the intervention in the Babu, Rangaiah Maharaja’s College, University of family conflict. Hierarchical multiple regression symptoms of learning disabilities Mysore, Mysore, India evidenced that work to family enrichment helps Barbosa, Cristina Monteiro Dept. de Psicometria, Influence of eco-cultural contexts on pictorial depth predict organisational commitment and job satis- UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil de Castro, Ana Carolina perception with special reference to domestication faction, even when controlling for demographic and Policarpo Dept. de Psicometria, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, of livestock studied using Hudson’s pictorial depth work variables, and that the affect component of Brazil de Carvalho, Patrycia Nazare´ Dept. de perception test. Five groups of tribes and non-tribes family to work enrichment helps predict family Psicometria, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Mahmud, Larissa Lopes Dept. de Psicometria, UFRJ, Rio de were selected for the study. It was expected that the satisfaction. The implications of the results are Janeiro, Brazil Gonc¸alves, Karla Pinto Baptista Dept. tribes with domestic livestock would preceive more discussed. three dimensions in pictures compared to the tribes de Psicometria, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil without domestic livestock. The effect of livestock OBJECTIVES: Present a discussion about the domestication was not found in the present study. Efficacy of metacognitive therapy on maladaptive psychological evaluation of children with learning Men perceived significantly more three dimensions metacognitive believes and post-traumatic stress disabilities’ complaint. METHODS: Interviews, the in pictures. The study showed clear trend in the disorder symptoms, in Iraq-Iran war. diagnostic hours game and a battery of psycholo- scores on three-dimensional perception with urban Bakhtavar, Essa Clinical Psychology, Isfahan gical tests (projectives and objectives). RESULTS: literates on the top, followed by urban illiterates, University, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Neshat– The evaluations produced um effect of knowledge’s rural illiterates and tribes (both groups) fitted the Doost, Hamid taher clinical psychology, isfahan construction about the hidden symptoms of learn- eco-cultural model. university, isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Molavi, ing disabilities. CONCLUSION: The psychological Hossain clinical psychology, isfahan university, diagnoses has being an important field of diagnoses isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Bahrami, Fateme Repetition priming effects caused by consciously clinical psychology, isfahan university, isfahan, and intervention of learning disorders. perceived versus unconsciously perceived primes Islamic Republic of Iran are dependent on qualitatively different aspects The aim of this study is examine the efficacy of of a visual stimulus The double and the cracked mirror metacognitive therapy on maladaptive metacogni- Bacon, Benoit A. Dept. of Psychology, Bishop’s Barbosa, Cristina Monteiro Dept. de Psicometria, tive beliefs and PTSD symptoms. From the war UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil University, Sherbrooke, Canada McCabe, Eric handicaps were diagnosed on the basis of DSM-IV Psychologie, Universite´ de Montre´ al, Montre´ al, Objectives: To verify a link between psychoanalysis and the Mississippi Scale for PTSD, 34 subjects Canada Gosselin, Fre´de´ ric Psychologie, Universite´de and modern art. Method: This study intends to were randomly selected. The experimental group Montre´ al, Montre´ al, Canada discuss narcissism and its relation with modern art. beside resaving drug which was performed in an Conscious and unconscious visual encoding differ Results: In Cubism, Picasso and Braque represent identical condition whit control group, underwent in quantitative activation (threshold) but we argue the cracked mirror. They tear the canvas, allowing a metacognitive therapy was carried out in 8 sessions that they also differ qualitatively. A repetition fragmented image to be viewed, destroying the (90 minutes) for the experimental group. Than post- priming paradigm (stimuli: ten faces; half females) test a 2 month follow-up were administered. The unified illusive space of the image by showing the is used in conjunction with Bubbles, a method that tragic: the real. Conclusios: In psychoanalysis, the partially and randomly reveals aspects of the prime results showed that the experimental group scored significantly less the control group did on the ego is constituted by an image in the mirror, (x, y coordinates and spatial frequency). We whereas the other as specular image reflects a introduce two masking conditions so that primes maladaptive metacognitive and PTSD scale on the narcissistic illusion of wholeness. This imaginary are encoded consciously or unconsciously. Follow- post-test and follow-up (p,0.01). Keywords: me- reflection is ‘‘cracked’’ as the subject is constituted ing 3072 gender discrimination trials, linear regres- tacognitive therapy, PTSD, war handicapped. sion (bubble masks and response times) show that by the access to the symbolic. conscious priming depends on well defined elements The study of relationships between of the prime whereas unconscious priming depends organizational justice and organizational climate Parental acceptance-rejection, internalizing and on qualitatively different low-frequency global with counterproductive behaviors in one of the externalizing behavior problems in children with aspects of the prime. companies of Isfahan City. learning disabilities Barati, Hajar I/o Psychology, Isfahan University, Batum, Petek Istanbul, Turkey Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Electrophysiological measurements indicate Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran sadeghiyan, kave I/o The aim of this study was to examine the levels of operation of internal forward models of self- psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Islamic parental acceptance-rejection and behavior pro- agency in the auditory modality Republic of Iran blems in children with learning disabilities (LD).Re- Baess, Pamela Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie I, Universita¨t The aim of this study was to investigate the sults revealed that children with LD were more Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Jacobsen, Thomas relationship between organizational climate and rejected by their parents and showed higher levels of University of Leipzig, Institute of Psychology I, organizational justice with counterproductive beha- behavior problems than children without LD. Leipzig, Germany Schroeger, Erich University of viors. The sample consist of 112 employees who Gender x Group interaction effect indicated that were selected randomly from one of the Isfahan Leipzig, Institute of Psychology I, Leipzig, Germany LD girls’ mothers perceived higher rejection than city‘s companies. The instruments used in this Discriminating between the source of agency as self- mothers of girls without LD. Regression analyses research consist of Organizational Climate Ques- generated or externally generated is an essential indicated that for both groups of children, chil- ability. Internal forward models of self-generated tioner, Organizational Justice Questioner and dren’s perception of maternal rejection predicted actions are assumed to underlie such processes Counterproductive Behaviors Cheklist. The result using comparisons between motor command (ef- showed that there was a negative relationship internalizing problems while mothers’ perceptions ference copy) and sensory feedback (reafference) between counterproductive behaviors to individual of rejection towards their children predicted ex- information. Using human electroencephalography, and climate And there was a negative relationship ternalizing problems. Overall, findings of the study we observed attenuated responses for self-generated between counterproductive behaviors to organiza- shed light to the importance of parental rejection in sounds compared to externally generated sounds. tion and cooperative climate and, procedural learning disabilities and draws attention to includ- These attenuation effects occurred during early Justice. ing parents in the treatment plan. 486 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Accuracy of professional evaluation Monsalve, 2002) and to 20 cognitive appraisals. Overcoming consequences of family violence in Baturin, Nikolay General psychology, Southern Ural We found significant relationships between the Latvian women: Attachment perspective. State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia cognitive appraisals and the pain experience, coping Bite, Ieva Dept. of Psychology, University of Latvia, The problem of the accuracy of evaluation that is strategies and emotional variables in study. These Riga, Latvia maked by specialists in very different fields of the results are discussed based on the theoretical The aim of this study is to examine connections social activity is highly actual. It influences the models of Lazarus and Folkman (1984) and Sharp between changes in trauma symptoms, coping quality of managerial decisions and as well results (2000). Key words: pain, cognitive valorisations, strategies, social adaptation, and adult attachment of organization activities. Evaluation and its copin, emotional variables. after psychotherapy for women survivors of child- accuracy are observed from the position of the hood abuse and domestic violence. 80 women who Evaluation Theory (1997, Baturin). The cycle of participated in 12 sessions’ trauma focused treat- experimental researches indicated that accuracy of Public politics of management and social ment groups or 20-25 individual therapy sessions evaluation is a derivative of the reflection accuracy representations about its managerial completed several self report measures. Adult of the object evaluation; the quality of evaluation instruments attachment interviews were analyzed for 10 women. base, the adequacy of the comparison object with Bellico da Costa, Anna Edith Mestrado em Educac¸a˜o, Respondents who participated in treatment indi- base and accuracy of evaluation expression. Differ- FAE / UEMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Cabral de cated significant changes in trauma symptoms and ent components of context, personal features of Vasconcelos Neto, Milton Microbiologia, FUNED/, social adaptation. No changes in coping strategies estimator and evaluation style also influence the Belo Horizonte, Brazil were found. There are positive changes in the evaluation accuracy. Special trainings are designed It was investigated social representation (SR) of the attachment security. Changes are more significant for compensation of factors that reduce evaluation Sanitary surveillance’s servers about: Agreement of after group therapy than after individual treatment accuracy. Results (AR) and individual performance evalua- tion(IPE) while managerial instrument in the public administration and implications of its in the public Causal, preparation, and prediction judgments Psycho-social and developmental determinants politics. Likert’s questionnaire was used on percep- are not based on the same information of health risk behavior tions, beliefs and values associates AR and IPE Blanco, Fernando Bilbao, Spain Matute, Helena Bazillier, Cecile Psychology, Universite ParisX with instructions for the research. The speech pro Psychology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain Nanterre, Nanterre, France Mallet, Pascal Psychology, ´ AR and its importance was better understood than Vadillo, Miguel Angel Psychology, University of Universite´ ParisX Nanterre, Nanterre, France Verlhiac, Deusto, Bilbao, Spain Jean-Franc¸ois Psychology, Universite´ ParisX IPE for to servers and integrated their SR. There was a conflicting SR of the servers on the Most of human contingency learning literature Nanterre, Nanterre, France relies on the participants’ judgments of contingency The aim of our communication is to present the effectiveness of the managerial instruments propa- gated by the official speech making the manage- between a cue and an outcome. However, varia- first results of a longitudinal study, which is tions in the specific wording of the test question ment difficult. designed: (a) to measure the effects of a program produce different patterns of contingency judg- intended to prevent children from smoking and ments. This is due to a flexible use of the eating misbehaviors; and (b) to examine several Emotional wisdom: Its effects on employees’ information when participants answer one type of factors that are expected to mediate the effects of emotion regulation and relationships at work question or another. In two experiments with this prevention program. We used a pre-test, post- Belschak, Frank HRM-OB, Amsterdam Business college students and Internet users, we manipulated test and control group method. The participants are School, Amsterdam, Netherlands Verbeke, Willem the relationship between a cue and an outcome in 1,000 eight-to-eleven -year-old children leaving in Marketing, Erasmus University Rotterdam, order to asses its effect on causal, preparation, and the suburb of Paris. The research is in progress and Rotterdam, Netherlands Bagozzi, Richard Marketing, prediction judgments. We conclude that sensitivity we will be able to communicate the first results University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA to covariational manipulations is different for each during the congress. Emotional wisdom is defined as a set of seven type of judgment. dimensions concerning how to regulate emotions Psychological factors of diagnostic condition: within specific domains in such a way that the The daily dynamics of personal initiative at work students’ perception of the movie "Nell" individual’s and the collective’s well-being are tied Bledow, Ronald Arbeits- und Org.-Psychologie, Becker, Elisabeth CCBS - PPGDD, Univ. Presbit. together. Using operationalizations of emotional Universita¨ t Gießen, Gießen, Germany Schaupp, Mackenzie, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Lacerda, Carla Renata wisdom for employees working in a sales environ- Kerstin Work and Organizational Psych, University of CCBS - PPGDD, Univ. Presbit. Mackenzie, Sa˜ o Paulo ment in two studies covering an intra-organiza- Giessen, Gießen, Germany Sp, Brazil Guimara˜ es Germano, Renata CCBS - tional (among colleagues) setting and an inter- Whereas the nomological network of antecedents PPGDD, Univ. Presbit. Mackenzie, Sa˜ o Paulo Sp, Brazil organizational (customer-salesperson) setting, we and consequences of personal initiative has received Ormenese Gomes, Millena CCBS - PPGDD, Univ. discover that salespeople who score high on a great deal of attention, the daily micro processes Presbit. Mackenzie, Sa˜ o Paulo Sp, Brazil Mariano, emotional wisdom cope better with emotionally Fabiana CCBS - PPGDD, Univ. Presbit. Mackenzie, Sa˜o that promote or inhibit personal initiative have only challenging situations and achieve better social rarely been studied. To close this gap we have just Paulo Sp, Brazil Alves, Bianca CCBS - PPGDD, Univ. relationships than those who score low on emo- Presbit. Mackenzie, Sa˜ o Paulo Sp, Brazil completed a diary study with 100 employees over 5 tional wisdom. The results hold even when control- consecutive days with data collected twice a day. Interdisciplinarity is a research field in Brazil, ling for the effects of emotional intelligence. particularly when the diagnostic condition is We examine how daily events, affect and expecta- considered. For both, health professionals and tions impact on initiative directed at different goals patients, specific psychological factors take place. Beyond the Barbie-Matrix: School based primary (short term vs. long term goals, individual vs. team It is meaningful to know the perceptions involved, prevention of eating disorders goals). Using HLM we further examine how so a qualitative study has been conducted, in order Berger, Uwe Inst. fu¨ r Psychosoz. Medizin, individual trait differences moderate day-level to describe it, and the preliminary results are Universita¨ tsklinik Jena, Jena, Germany Bormann, relationships. presented. A class of nineteen students of phy- Bianca University Hospital Jena, Institute of siotherapy has been interviewed after watching the Psychosocial Med, Jena, Germany Brix, Christina Attractiveness of employers offering possibilities movie "Nell"; their perceptions and attributions to University Hospital Jena, Institute of Psychosocial

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 to corporate volunteering the meaning of the normality were recorded, as well Med, Jena, Germany Sowa, Melanie University Blohm, Gesche Social Psychology, LMU Munich, as the ethical issues observed on the interactions Hospital Jena, Institute of Psychosocial Med, Jena, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Traut-Mattausch, Eva Social between professionals and patient shown in that Germany Psychology, LMU Munich, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Frey, movie. Objective: More than 25% of the 12 year old girls in Dieter Thuringia (Germany) show problematic eating Corporate Volunteering – employees community behaviour. This was the starting position of a The role of cognitive appraisels in elderly involvement – is for companies a highly visible population with chronic pain newly developed program for the prevention of action to meet their social responsibility. But are Beja da Costa, Ana Santiago do Cace´ m, Portugal Ros, anorexia nervosa in girls (’’PriMa‘‘). Method: We companies who offer their employees possibilities to Anto´ nia Psicologia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, describe the program evaluation (controlled study participate in volunteering more attractive to Portugal Martins, Ana Psicologia, Universidade do using a pre-post-design including 1.006 girls), and potential job applicants? To investigate this ques- Algarve, Faro, Portugal development of follow-up programs, including an tion we conducted studies with students and The aim of this study is to understand the intervention for boys. Results: Using standardized managers. Participants were given job announce- relationship between one’s experience of pain, measures, the girls in the intervention group ments of two virtual companies, one of them giving cognitive appraisals, some emotional variables and reported significant improvements in body self employees opportunities to engage in volunteering coping strategies. The participants (36 elderly esteem, figure dissatisfaction, knowledge and eating projects. Results demonstrated that companies subjects suffering from chronic pain) were asked attitudes. Conclusions: Based upon the PriMa offering volunteering are significantly more attrac- to answer to the MPQ (Melzack, 1975), the HADS evaluation, we established a comprehensive health tive, so that participants would rather apply for and (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983), CAD (Soriano & promotion program at 60 Thuringian schools. recommend them. Moreover, the company offering Wednesday 23rd July 2008 487

volunteering was significantly rated more positive Cerebral activations during a long lasting pain and anxiety disorders. These systems have not only on different organizational variables. stimulation reduced time and financial costs of evaluation and Brand, Gerard Neurosciences Lab., Universite de analysis, but have also facilitated an alternative for Franche-Comte, Besancon, France Brand, Ge´ rard helping psychologists to learn new competencies for Intergroup differences in values and thinking Neurosciences Lab., Universite de Franche-Comte, practice in telehealth field. This paper will present styles in relation to intercultural experience Besancon, France Buron, Gae¨ lle Neurosciences Lab., results of the implementation and evaluation of a Bobowik, Magdalena Psychology Department, Univ. Universite de Franche-Comte, Besancon, France teaching program, aimed at 17 Psychology students, of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastian, Hacquemand, Romain Neurosciences Lab., Universite that provides psychological services through Inter- Spain Zawadzki, Roman Psychology Department, de Franche-Comte, Besancon, France Jacquot, net. Additionally, it will focus on clinical outcomes Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland Bilbao, Maria Laurence Neurosciences Lab., Universite de Franche- and the impact among participants of this innova- Angeles Psychology Department, Univ. of the Basque Comte, Besancon, France tive therapeutic modality. Country, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain Functional brain imaging research has revealed a The purpose of the study was to investigate the large distributed network of brain regions involved Influence of pregnancy related worries on relation between experience of studying abroad, in pain. However, the relationship between the childbirth thinking styles and values. 70 students participated temporal aspects of perceived pain and cortical Carmona Monge, Francisco Javier Ciencias de la in the study, forming two groups of comparison activities is greatly unknown. Especially, the tem- poral profile of fMRI signals in tonic experimental Salud II, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorco´n (with or without intercultural experience). Partici- (Madrid), Spain Marin Morales, Dolores Servicio de pants were asked to answer Schwartz Personal pain has been poorly understood. Thus, this study was designed to characterize BOLD signal intensity Obstetricia, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada Values Questionnaire and Sternberg Thinking time course during a continuous pain. Results (Madrid), Spain Pen˜ acoba Puente, Cecilia Psicologı´a, Styles Inventory. Results showed significant differ- showed strong differences in relation to gender, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorco´ n (Madrid), ences in values and tendential differences in bilateral activations whether hemispheric contral- Spain Carretero Abella´ n, Isabel Psicologı´a, thinking styles. Students with intercultural experi- ateral activations to the side of stimulation were Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorco´ n (Madrid), ence preferred creativity-related and flexible styles, maximal and a cycle of BOLD effects with Spain Moreno Moure, Amparo Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada valued more self-direction, stimulation and achiev- successive higher and lower activations during the stimulation. (Madrid), Spain ment, but less security and tradition in comparison Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze to those without such experience. Significant the relationship between worries related to preg- correlations between values and thinking styles Bolivian adolescent risk behaviors and protective nancy and mode of delivery. Methodology Sample: were also found. and risk factors in relation to ethnic self 39 pregnant women from Fuenlabrada Hospital. identification Measurement instruments: Cambridge Worries Camacho, Carmen Psychology, Resear Institute of Scale, SCL90-R and NEO-FFI. All questionnaires Mother And Child Play In Down Syndrome and Psychology, La Paz, Bolivia Uriioste, Rodrigo were cumplimented during the first trimester of typically developing dyads Psychology, Resear Institute of Psychology, La Paz, pregnancy. Results There were 18 eutocic deliveries Bornstein, Marc NIH / NICHD / CFR, Bethesda, USA Bolivia Ciairano, Silvia Psychology, University of and 21 non eutocic deliveries. A general linear Esposito, Gianluca rovereto (TN), Italy deFalco, Turin, Turin, Italy Setanni, Michele Psychology, model analysis was conducted controlling SCL-90 Simona DiSCoF - Cognitive Science, University of University of Turin, Turin, Italy Sappa, Viviana score and NEOFFI scores. Significantly higher Trento, rovereto (TN), Italy Venuti, Paola DiSCoF - Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy scores in CWS were found in non eutocic deliveries Cognitive Science, University of Trento, rovereto (TN), The study aimed at investigating the risk behaviour (F(1,35)=4,73, p=0,037). Conclusions The diminu- Italy of bolivian adolescents. It is aimed at individuating tion of worries could help improving labour Objective: This study aimed to investigate mother- protective factors and risk, with teenagers from La outcomes and in the prevention of non eutocic child play in children with Down syndrome (DS) as Paz and El Alto, using a self-report and anonymous deliveries. compared with typically developing (TD) children. questionnaire, controlling ethnicity, gender, and Method: 21 children with DS (M developmental age. 1,719 Bolivians adolescents participated from Sleep deprivation and suppression of a prepotent 10 to 18 yrs. With respect to Self-identification age = 20 mo) were videorecorded during solitary response and collaborative play with mothers. A group of ethnicity, 27% were Mestizo, 24% Aymara, 17% Hispanic-Latino, 9% White, 3% Quechua, 3% Cavallero, Corrado Dept. of Psychology, University of mental age-matched typically developing (TD) Amazon, and 1% African American; 16% did not Trieste, Trieste, Italy Jugovac, Davide Psychology, children served as control. Results: During solitary self identified. The analyses showed strong relation- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy play, DS children showed less exploratory play than ship between ethnic self-identification and both Goal: To evaluate the impact of sleep deprivation TD children, but the two groups did not differ in levels of risk behaviour and protective and risk on dominant response inhibition Method: 30 symbolic play. During collaborative play with factors. participants. Two conditions: Baseline (testing after a regular night of sleep at home); Deprivation mothers, no differences were found between the (testing after one night of total sleep deprivation). two groups either in exploratory or symbolic play. Biofeedback assited relaxation, hypnosis and Results: After sleep deprivation, Stop Signal RT Conclusions: Mother-child interaction during play music as a control procedure in panic disorder (estimate of the inhibition process efficiency) was exerts a unique and positive influence on children’s Campos, Patricia Mexico, Mexico significantly worse (p,.05) than in Base-line. play development in both TD and DS group. Panic disorder has been widely studied, nevertheless Conclusions: Results suggest a considerable impair- testing the effectiveness of psychological interven- ment of the efficiency of the inhibition process tions have relevance in clinical settings. The main following sleep loss. This is in agreement with the Neurotransmitters in acupuncture research: A objective of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis of an impairment of the frontal lobe solid indication for further psychiatric research impact of brief interventions in patients with panic functions when normal architecture of sleep is Bosch, Margaretha Support & Psychose, ggnet disorder who attended the National Institute of disrupted. Groenlo, Groenlo, Netherlands Van Den Noort, Psychiatry in Mexico City.18 men and 12 women Maurits biological and medical psychol, University of aged 20-55 years were evaluated before and after Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Bergen norway, bergen, Norway different procedures. Results shows important White middle-class boys as ’’children-at-risk‘‘: Objectives Recent results indicate that the neuro- clinical implications for hypnosis and biofeedback Biographical literacy of teachers in primary transmitters that are involved in acupuncture are *National Institute of Psychyatry Me´xico City schools the exact same neurotransmitters that are involved **Milton Erickson Institute of Mexico City ***Na- Chamakalayil, Lalitha Inst. fu¨r Pa¨ dagogik, Universita¨t in many psychiatric disorders. Methods An exten- tional University Mexico City Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Who are ‘‘pupils at risk’’? The term, ambiguously sive literature review was conducted on acupunc- used in Germany, lacks a unified definition. ture and its related neurotransmitters. Results Evaluation of online therapy as a tool for the Qualitative case reconstruction interviews, recount- Acupuncture was found to normalize dopamine-, development of clinical skills in a university ing biographies of challenging 2nd grade pupils, and increase melatonin levels. Furthermore, acu- community site were conducted with teachers to assess their puncture was found to influence neuropeptide Y, Cardenas Lopez, Georgina Dept. of Psychology, perception of students. Surprisingly, teachers chose which is involved in eating disorders. Acupuncture UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico Flores Plata, Lorena to talk about white, middle class boys, similar to can therefore support other therapeutic measures Psychology, UNAM, Mexico city, Mexico De la Rosa, their own socioeconomic and ethnic background. Anabel Psychology, UNAM, Mexico city, Mexico Parents were described as displaying attitudes like psychotherapy. It might be used as an add-on Duran, Ximena Psychology, UNAM, Mexico city, supporting or mirroring their children’s difficult treatment. Conclusions Since strong indications for Mexico behaviour: competitiveness, masculine, sexualised results have come forward, we plead for further Recently, computer-based treatment systems have behaviour and defiance of rules seems to be research on mental illnesses in combination with been published with successful results. These new interpreted by them as an advantage in a globalized, acupuncture. modalities are increasingly applied for depression competitive marketplace. Teachers did not take 488 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

resilience-oriented development approaches for stabled battery used to test emotional cognition, Humour in psychotherapy: A theoretical boys into consideration and were unaware of emotional expression, positive inspiration, emo- overview options for professional support; instead, doing tional regulation, and emotional reflection in high Chiotis, Georgios Dept. of Psychology, City class and doing gender processes were perpetuated. school students. (2) There are significant differences University, London, United Kingdom of EI among gender, birth order and age. This In the present paper, the intricate interrelationship Innovation implementation in the public sector: standard test will be used to study the trend of between the use of humour and psychotherapy is An integration of institutional and collective psychological and behavioral performance in high discussed, along with the possible outcomes of this dynamics school students. application. This is achieved by a brief literature Chang, Jae-Yoon Dept. of Psychology, Sungshin review and examination of the concept of humour Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Choi, (types, definitions, theories), and how major figures Jin-Nam Business Adminisration, Seou National An analysis of the association between in philosophy and psychology are incorporating it University, Seoul, Republic of Korea emotional expressivity and emotional labor in their theories of personality. Afterwards, a brief This study integrates institutional factors and Cheung, Francis Department of Psychology, CUHK, image of the use of humour in therapy is presented, employee-based collective processes as predictors Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : Hong Kong while discussing how it is applied in different of the implementation and innovation effectiveness. SAR schools of psychotherapy. Finally, the positive We propose that institutional factors shape employ- Objective: To examine the associations between and negative aspects of the application of humour ees’ collective implementation efficacy and innova- different emotional expressivity dimensions (i.e. in psychotherapy are presented and discussed. tion acceptance, and that these employee-based positive expressivity, negative expressivity, impulse collective processes mediate the effects of institu- strength) and emotional labor strategies (i.e. surface tional factors on implementation outcomes. We acting, deep acting, expression of naturally felt Feelings of young people in acute postsuicide towards significant others tested this framework in the context of 47 agencies emotions). Method: A total of 476 Chinese human Chistopolskaya, Ksenia Moscow, Russia of the Korean Government. Three-wave longitudi- service employees were recruited (Male = 123, nal data were collected from 60 external experts and Aim of the study was description of feelings of Female = 353) in this questionnaire survey. Results: 1,732 government employees. The results reveal the young people in acute postsuicide towards their importance of management support for collective Hierarchical regression analyses showed that even nearest relatives and aquaintances. Main hypothetic implementation efficacy, which affected employees’ when work characteristics were controlled, negative feelings were alienation and despair. 20 young collective acceptance of the innovation, and these expressivity was still a significant predictor of people (15-25 years) after recent unsuccessful collective employee dynamics mediated the effects surface acting and deep acting while positive suicidal attempt were given modified PRISM of institutional enablers on successful implementa- expressivity was a significant predictor of expres- (Buchi & Sensky, 1998) and repertory grid techni- tion as well as the amount of long-term benefit. sion of naturally felt emotions. Conclusion: Future que (Kelly, 1955). Descriptive, correlation and research should adopt the multi-dimensional ap- factor analyses were used for interpretation. Sub- Advance organizers on learning and retention of proach to delineate the effect of emotional expres- jects reported to experience negative feelings in all facts and concepts sivity on emotional labor. their contacts. Alienation was seen through placing Chang, Moon K. Mathews AL, USA subjects against others or with least significant for OBJECTIVES. This study examined the effect of Not distraction but intentional suppression can them people. The results are useful for therapy of advance organizers (AOs) on acquisition and lead to long-term forgetting young people in acute postsuicide. retention of facts and concepts presented in a Chie, Hotta Dept. of Psychology, University of science film and the interaction of AOs and ability Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan Kawaguchi, Jun psychology, levels. METHODS. Sixteen undergraduate students Validation of the diagnostic test for dependent university, nagoya, Japan were randomly assigned to four groups. A 2x2 and avoidant personality disorder Recent research indicates that intentionally sup- factorial design was utilized and ANOVA (equal n) Choi, Jin-Hoon Dept. of Psychology, Chungbuk was performed separately on the immediate-and pressing retrieval of an unwanted memory impairs National University, Chongju, Republic of Korea delayed-retention test data. RESULTS. The results its later recall. In the current study, we examined The purpose of this study is to test reliability and indicated that AOs increased learning and retention whether a similar type of memory impairment can validity of dependent personality disorder(DPPD) of facts and concepts. However, no interaction be observed when people simply divert attention scale and the avoidant personality disorder(AVPD) between AOs and the ability levels was found. away from an unwanted memory. This issue was scale in Diagnostic test for Personality Disorder CONCLUSIONS. Ability was non-significant but investigated by using a modified Think/No-Think (Seo & Hwang, 2006). Two PD scales, Interperso- AOs were significant on performance. task, designed to prevent remembering the un- nal Dependency Inventory, Schema Questionnaire, wanted memories, instead of intentionally suppres- Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Dysfunctional Spiritual, value-based leadership and job sing themselves. Although both intentional Beliefs Test, Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, and insecurity: The role of employees’ work affects suppression and distraction impaired memory for Inventory of Interpersonal Problems were adminis- Chen, Chin-Yi Business Administration, National to-be-avoided traces on an immediate test, only tered to 566 college students and adults. Two PD Yunlin University, Toulin City, Taiwan distraction caused the deficits in later recall. These scales were retested to sixty participants. Test-retest ABSTRACT ‘‘Spiritual leadership’’—a concept findings suggest that intentionally suppressing reliabilities of two PD scales were r=.82, and .84 and Chronbach Alpha .74, and .73. Two scales were integrating leader values, attitudes, and behaviors, retrieval, rather than distracting attention is crucial has been recently proposed and measured by Fry et positively correlated with criterion related depen- for the long-term forgetting regulation of unwanted al. (2005). This study examines whether spiritual dency and avoidance. leadership buffers the negative side of organiza- memories tional behavior, e.g., job insecurity, and how affects The curriculum development for remediating play a role in the process. Questionnaire responses Episodic memory inhibition and spreading basic skills of learning among primary school were collected from a sample of 458 Chinese activation: Evidence of episodic memory children with learning disabilities employees from a variety of work settings in inhibition using the Think/No-Think task Taiwan. Results showed that spiritual leadership Chookhampaeng, Chowwalit Curriculum and

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Chie, Hotta Dept. of Psychology, University of Instruction, Mahasarakham University, Maha- was mediated by positive affects to influence the Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan Hidetsugu, Tajika Sarakham, Thailand ‘‘quantitative’’ type of job insecurity, and by psychology, university, nagoya, Japan Nwumann, The purpose to develop a remedial curriculum for negative affect to influence the ‘‘qualitative’’ job Ewald psychology, university, nagoya, New Zealand improving the basic skill of learning. Divided into insecurity. Cultural issues and practical implications We examined whether to suppress an event four steps : Step one : The studying fundamental were discussed. KEY WORD: spiritual leadership, intentionally could also impair memory for related value-based leadership, job insecurity, work affect, data. As the result, the curriculum for children with events to the avoided one. After study unrelated Chinese employees learning disability that consist of four steps: input, pairs, participants were asked to avoid repeatedly process, memory, and output. Step two : The thinking of the target words to a cue or recall it. developing curriculum. As the result, the curricu- The development of emotional intelligence in Then, they were asked to recognize as accurately high school students in Taiwan lum was to remedial the perceptional skill, language and quickly as possible. The test materials included skill, and cognitive skill. Step three : The implemn- Chen, Lee-Chou Eduation and Counseling, NTNU, the target words and two kinds of nonstudied Taipei, Taiwan tation was conducted with the primary school words. The result showed that spreading activation The purposes of this study are to conduct the children. The result was the all children’s learning indexes of emotional intelligence in high school was found to the nonstudied words relating skill were higher than before at 0.01 of significant students, and to explore the differences of EI semantically and orthographically to the target statistical level, but the language learning skill were among different background subjects. Using EI words. This finding suggests episodic inhibition can lower than the criteria. Step four : The curriculum Scale to survey 2029 high school students, All be widespread to the related representation to evaluation. The result from the parent seminar was results are as follow: (1) EI Scale is a valid and avoided memories. satisfaction. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 489

The effects of organizational policies supportive Localizing psychological usability evaluation sions of explanatory style. To address these short- of gay and lesbian employees on job involvement methods comings, we rewrote items, provided individual Church, Robin Human Resources Management, Clemmensen, Torkil Dept. of Informatics, item-stems, and administered the revised ASQ to Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada Copenhagen Business School, Fredriksberg, Denmark 320 adults. EFA identified six factors, representing This study examined the effects of organizational We investigated if, in the think aloud usability test, positive and negative aspects of the three dimen- policies supportive of gay and lesbian employees the moderator’s cultural cognitive style (Nisbett, sions of explanatory style. We then administered (policies) on the job involvement of gay and lesbian 2003) have to be similar to the user’s to get valid the scale to 409 adults. CFA confirmed a good fit, employees (involvement). A survey was adminis- results. Localized clipart was used in experiments in indicating support for an improved measure. tered to 551 gay men and lesbians (182 in Canada, Copenhagen, Beijing and Guwahati. 33 university Future studies need to examine construct validity students and professors participated as test users. and determine scale’s suitability to measure ex- 369 in the United States). Structural analysis was Anova analysis of problem detection rates and planatory style. used to assess relationships and mediation. There communication events suggested that cross cultural was no direct relationship between policies and test conditions created a ‘tourist’ effect that involvement but discrimination on the basis of emphazised the non-important problems with the Work values and small business behaviour sexual orientation was found to mediate the product. More focus is needed on the cultural Cubico, Serena Psicologia e Antropologia, Universita` relationship between policies and involvement. This cognitive style of moderators versus users. The di Verona, Verona, Italy study underscores the importance of policies in application of the think aloud method benefits from Small businesses (SMEs) are very dependent on little groups of decision-makers. This research reducing discrimination ensuring a workplace in insight from cultural psychology. intends to highlight the link between the decision- which gay and lesbians can fully contribute. maker’s work values and organizational behaviour. Behavioral, electrophysiological and The instruments used are the Italian version of the Two different extinction processes in the Barnes pharmacological Oxytocin action on sensorial Questionnaire Work Importance Study/Work Va- Maze perception of pain lues Scale and an in-depth interview; subjects are 47 Claro La Rotta, Silvana Psychology, Universidad Conde´ s Lara, Miguel Dipt. de Neurofisiologia, SME owners. We found that specific orientation Nacional, Bogota, Colombia Vargas, Viviana Instituto de Neurobiologı´a, Quere´ taro, Mexico work values emerged which are significantly corre- Psychology, Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia Martinez Lorenzana, Guadalupe Neurofisiologia, lated to specific organizational choices: Materialis- Cuestas, Marcela Psychology, Universidad Nacional, Instituto de Neurobiologı´a, Quere´ taro, Mexico Rojas tic-Orientation with (negative) spin-off behaviour in Bogota, Colombia Lamprea, Marisol Psychology, Piloni, Gerardo Neurofisiologia, Instituto de employees, Self-Orientation with presence of com- Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia Troncoso, Neurobiologı´a, Quere´ taro, Mexico Rodrı´guez pany’s web page, Other-Orientation with presence Julieta Psychology, Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Jime´ nez, Javier Neurofisiologia, Instituto de of company’s web page and membership in Colombia Mu´ nera, Alejandro Psychology, Neurobiologı´a, Quere´ taro, Mexico Entrepreneurial Associations, Independence-Orien- Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia Recently, we described that electrical stimulation of tation with hiring of foreigners (negative). It was compared the extinction process in the the hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus (PV) as well as the intrathecal Oxytocin (OT) administra- Barnes maze after two acquisition protocols. tion inhibits nociceptive dorsal horn neuronal Some relevant aspects in negotiation efficacy Sixteen subjects acquired a spatial preference and responses (Brain Res. 2006, 1881: 126-137) and and rationality twenty four hours later eight of them received a produced analgesia in neuropathic rats (Pain Cunha, Pedro Faculty of Human and Social Sc, reinforced trial as test, while the others received two 2006,122: 182-189). In the spinal cord OT inhibits University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal Pereira, reinforced trials separated for a non-reinforced trail sensory glutamatergic transmission between affer- Pedro Faculty of Human and Social Sc, University followed for seven extinction trials (for both ent fibers and dorsal horn neurons. Our results Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal groups). Statistical analysis showed a treatment x suggest that OT action indirectly inhibits sensory Our research studies the relation between negotia- trial interaction, indicating a resistance to the transmission in dorsal horns neurons by spinal tion efficacy and rationality. We have followed extinction process in the group with the two inhibitory GABA-a interneurons. This work reveals Mastenbroeks integrative model (1987, 1989) for reinforced trials separated for a non-reinforced the importance of neuronal endogenous mechan- negotiation efficacy and the Bazerman and Neales isms involved in analgesia as well as their impor- one. Differences may be explained in terms of perspective (1993) about rational negotiation. These tance related with sensorial perception. partial reinforcement during the tests. variables are measured by the CEN II (Negotiation Efficacy Questionnaire) with a sample (N=204) Automatic processing of intergroup information divided in four subgroups according to their Treatment outcomes from 41 years of conducting as a mechanism of subjective culture different negotiation experiences. We have crossed psychotherapy in private practice Contreras Iba´n˜ ez, Carlos C. Dept. of Social a set of socialdemographical variables with negotia- Clement, Paul Private Practice, South Pasadena, USA Psychology, UAM, Mexico City, Mexico Cruz, tion efficacy and negotiation rationality. We have Of 2042 cases seen by a clinical psychologist, 126 Christian E. Sociology, Social psychology, UAM, confirmed the existence of differences in negotiation came for assessment only, 249 dropped out during Mexico City, Mexico efficacy associated to marital status, academic intake, and 76 were still in treatment at the time of Several phenomena associated with subjective qualifications, age and profession. Concerning data analysis. The patients fell into 186 diagnostic culture are expressed as cognitive contents exter- negotiation rationality, age, academic qualifications categories and ranged in age from 6 months to 88 nally elaborated and acquired without mental and profession seem to play an important role. years at intake. Of 1591 treated patients, 69% were effort, supervision, awareness and mindfulness, just improved at termination. Success rate varied greatly features defining automaticity or unconscious Organizational commitment in Spanish and across diagnostic categories. There was a significant processing. This work objective is to correlate Italian volunteers: A comparative study. scores of cultural orientation with heuristic use negative correlation between age and outcome. The Da´vila, Celeste Social Psychology (Sociology), frequency, spontaneous attribution habits, self- correlation between number of sessions and percen- Complutense University of Madr, Madrid, Spain Dı´az- monitoring and implicit stereotyping, under the tage of cases imrpoved was positive and significant. Morales, Juan Francisco Work and Individual hypothesis that interdependent self-construal use Difference, Complutense University of Madr, Madrid, Treatment effect sizes were large. more often this processing way, due to social norm

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Spain Pasquini, Marianna Psychology, University of fulfillment habit. This was tested with 152 Mexico Florence, Florence, Italy Giannini, Marco Psychology, Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy (PCSP): City university students who responded appropriate University of Florence, Florence, Italy A new on-line journal instruments and participated in implicit association The attitudes toward the organization have im- Clement, Paul Private Practice, South Pasadena, USA test studies. Correlations generally follow the portant in the explanation of the continuity of the Describes how to prepare manuscripts for PCSP, an hypothesized pattern, which are interpreted within volunteers in the organizations. We compared culture-cognition framework. on-line journal of systematic case studies in Spanish and Italian volunteers using the Organiza- psychotherapy from a wide range of approaches. tional Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) to assess Usually two experts write comments about a given The development and initial validation of a organizational commitment. Confirmatory and case study. Then the author of the primary article revised attributional style questionnaire multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis were prepares a reply. The main article, the comments, Creed, Peter School of Psychology, Griffith used to assess factor structure and structural invariance across countries. The results showed and the reply appear as a set. PCSP began University, Gold Coast, Australia Travers, Katrina Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, that a two-factor model of organizational commit- publication in 2005. Over time it will develop a Australia Morrissey, Shirley Applied Psychology, ment best characterizes the OCQ structure of both very large database of case studies. Researchers and Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia samples. Factorial invariance across countries was clinicians can access these articles on-line at no cost. Despite its wide use, the internality subscale of the demonstrated for both factors ‘‘strong involve- The journal’s editorial board comes from nine Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) rarely ment’’ and ‘‘strong acceptance’’. These findings are countries. The web address is http://pcsp.libraries.- correlates with depression and ill-health, and its discussed in relation to previous research on rutgers.edu factor structure does not reflect the three dimen- organizational commitment and volunteerism. 490 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Revised behavioral rating scales on infant parisons (correlations) between ADHD checklist merger-university was constructed by us. According temperament: A description of the scales scores and mood and behavior problems (Achen- to the model, we have workout a social identity D’Ocon, Ana Department of Psychology, University of bach scales) will also be reported. Future studies measuring scale for merger-university. There are Valencia, Valencia, Spain Simo´ Teufel, Sandra Dept. will examine differences in the factor structure of four components in the ‘‘scale’’, namely organiza- of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain ADHD symptoms. tional identity strength, organizational emotion, This study is focused on the measurement of infant interpersonal and person-organization relationship, leadership. After measuring 437 teachers who come temperament in a structured episode. It was carried Latin American foreign students in Rio Grande do from 14 postmerger colleges and interviewing with out through behavioral rating scales on ten Sul: Adaptation strategies in acculturation 32 teachers, four findings are discovered. It is the temperament dimensions grouped in: Emotional process tone, Interaction, Action and Self-regulation. The most ravishing that interpersonal relationship is the de Alencar Rodrigues, Roberta Dept. de Psicologı´a, purpose of the study is to describe the scales and to most effective factor for individual’s identification UAB, Barcelona, Spain Neves Strey, Marlene analyze how they adjust to the construct they are and behavior in postmerger organization. Psicologia, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil supposed to measure. Subjects in the study were 40 This paper presents the migration process of Latin children. They were assessed at 6 and 12 months. American foreign students in Rio Grande do Sul. Miniature saccades mimic as neural oscillations: Results are a preliminary analysis of these infant We have tried, through interviews with six Latin Revisiting the induced gamma band response temperament dimensions, and include reliability American foreign students, to identify the easiness Deouell, Leon Dept. of Psychology, Hebrew and validity aspects of this observational instru- and the hardships found by that group in the ment. University, Jerusalem, Israel Greenberg-Yuval, acculturation process and their adaptation strate- Shlomit Psychology, The Hebrew U. of Jerusalem, gies. We have also sought to verify if men and Jerusalem, Israel Tomer, Orr Psychology, The Hebrew Introduction to Japanese Psychological women of this study experienced migration in U. of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Keren, Alon Rehabilitation Therapy and its application on different ways. The findings points out that the Psychology, The Hebrew U. of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, aged people greatest difficulties are related to housing, food, Israel Nelken, Israel Neurobiology, The Hebrew U. of Dadkhah, Asghar Dept. of Clinical Psychology, climate and language, while the easiness refers to Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel University of Welfare & Rehab., Tehran, Islamic interpersonal communication and attitudes such as Objectives: To test the view that human induced Republic of Iran persistence. Due to the globalization scenario, we gamma band EEG response (iGBR) reflects neural Psychological treatment in rehabilitation often propose that universities be prepared to received oscillations related to object representation. Meth- deals not only with the stresses imposed by such a group, facilitating their access to housing ods: We recorded iGBRs induced by visual stimuli, disability and altered life circumstances but also and language courses. together with video eye-tracking and single-trial with issues of aging, hospitalization and medical analysis; Results: We show that individual iGBRs tests and procedures. PTSD may be an aspect of The rapid effects of psychoanalysis in the are time-locked to the onset of miniature saccades patients’ emotional responses as they relive the children’ clinic (MS) and reflect spike potentials likely of ocular accidents or traumas, sometimes in the form of de Barros, Rita Maria Manso Psicologia Clinica, UERJ muscles origin. The characteristic average 200-300 flashbacks or nightmares. Naturally in the course of / PGPSA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ms iGBR latency is related to a post-stimulus continuing treatment, psycho-rehabilitationists may Objectives: Starting from in inquiry on the situa- increase in MS probability, which depends on deal with range of evolving and changing responses tions of clinic experience in the current times, it stimulus features. Conclusions: The typical 200- to the whole spectrum of effects of disability and its points to analyze the rapid effects of psychoanalysis 300 ms broadband iGBR is not related to neural life-altering impact. In this report we try to nowadays. The psychoanalysis can help children oscillations but to an increase in MS rate. introduce Japanese Psychological Rehabilitation and his parents Method: The method employed was Therapy and its Application on aged people the analyses of various clinical reports on a The organisation of number facts in memory university clinic of psychology; consider the suffer- Depestel, Isabel Experimental Psychology, KULeuven Get better social skills: Computerized theory of ing and the results in a short time. Results: Many Campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium Verguts, Tom mind training for children with intellectual children and his parents were found that the pain is Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, disability reverted in pleasure and the suffering changes in Belgium Danielsson, Henrik SIDR - IBL, Linko¨ ping University, satisfaction on the life experiences. Conclusions: A recent connectionist model of retrieval in single Linko¨ ping, Sweden Sundqvist, Anett IBL, SIDR & The psychoanalysis is one of the best treatments to digit multiplication that tries to explain the Linko¨ ping Universit, Linko¨ ping, Sweden Rudner, help children and his parents. organisation of number facts in memory, was Mary IBL, SIDR & Linko¨ ping Universit, Linko¨ ping, examined. The model states that candidate answers Sweden Hofer, Nina IBL, SIDR & Linko¨ ping Universit, A study on the consequences of within- to an arithmetic problem cooperate or compete, Linko¨ ping, Sweden Ro¨ nnberg, Jerker IBL, SIDR & organization staff homogeneity on an which causes the well-known five, tie and size Linko¨ ping Universit, Linko¨ ping, Sweden organization’s creativity and innovativeness number effects. Additionally, it predicts a new The effect of a computerized theory of mind de Cooman, Rein Dept. of I/O Psychology, Vrije number effect which would increase with aging, training program was investigated in children with Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium de Gieter, Sara while the other effects would decrease. The presence intellectual disability with a mean age of 12 years. Work & Organizational psyc, Vrije Universiteit and development of all effects were tested with The training time was 15 minutes every school day Brussel, Brussel, Belgium Pepermans, Roland Dept. of children and adults of various ages. The predictions for 5 weeks and took place in the participant’s I/O Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, were confirmed, which offers new insights for school. Compared to an age matched control group Belgium Jegers, Marc Work & Organizational psyc, current arithmetic models and allows a better with intellectual disability, who performed compu- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium understanding of human memory. terized training not related to theory of mind, there Within I&O psychology, high person-organization were training effects for some theory of mind fit resulting from value congruence is mostly Prosociality does not moderate the relations measures, but not for all. The results are promising mentioned for its positive consequences on employ- and form a basis for further research. between severe levels of psychopathic traits in ee attitudes. However at the organizational level, children and poor parent-child relationships theoreticians often warn for negative outcomes. As Diamantopoulou, Sofia Dept. of Psychology, Uppsala put in the ASA theory, at the long term organiza- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Cross-cultural differences in attention, mood, and University, Uppsala, Sweden Rydell, Ann-Margret tions are occupied by a set of like-minded employ- behavior problems: Japanese and U.S. post- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, ees. It is predicted that this homogeneity has secondary students Uppsala, Sweden negative effects on innovativeness and creativity. Davis, J. Mark School of Liberal Arts, Georgia We examined the unique and shared relations To test this hypothesis, the present study questions Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, USA Takahashi, between prosociality, psychopathic traits, i.e., a group of teachers as well as their principals. Using Tomone Education, Shinshu University, Nagano, symptoms of Oppositional/Defiant/Disorder mixed-method technique, respondents are asked to Japan Shinoda, Haruo Psychology, Rissho University, (ODD) and callousness/unemotionality (CU), and evaluate their person-organization fit, as well as the Tokyo, Japan parent-child relationships (PCR). Parents rated school’s creativity and innovativeness. This presentation reflects initial results of a larger ODD, CU, prosociality, parent-child conflicts collaboration between researchers in Japan and the (PCC), and parental involvement (PI) for 1199 U.S. comparing self-report of attention, mood, and Questing for social identity after merger ten-year-old children. Effects were examined by behavior problems in post-secondary students. organization hierarchical regression analyses. With control for Counter to initial hypotheses, results (t-tests) Deng, Zhiwen School of Art & Law, Changsha Uni.of the other variables, prosociality was negatively indicated that Japanese students reported more Science&Techn., Changsha, People’s Republic of related to poor PCR; ODD were uniquely, posi- past (elementary school) and recent attention China tively related to PCC; both ODD and CU were problems on a DSM-IV-TR-based ADHD check- Questing for social identity after merger organiza- negatively related to PI. Moderating effects of list. Differences in past problems were primarily due tion Base on Tajfel’ SIT and a social identity model prosociality indicated that it may not act as a to greater report of inattention than hyperactivity of postmerger identification (Daan Van Knippen- protective factor against poor PCR among children or impulsiveness for the Japanese students. Com- berg, et al), a social identity model of Chinese with severe levels of psychopathic traits. 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Cardiovascular risk factors, MRI-lesion patterns analysis of the investigation of AM-specificity recovery status after work, weekdays, and social and the development of Mild Cognitive indicates that gender and education are the stressors were related to recovery status. An Impairment significant factors of AM-retrieval. Therefore, interaction between social stressors at work and Dlugaj, Martha Neurologie, Universita¨ tsklinikum further AM-studies should consider both variables. weekdays indicated a more progressive decline in Essen, Essen, Germany Mo¨ nninghoff, C. Dragano, N. those reporting a high level of social stressors at Wilhelm, Hans Neurologie, Universita¨ tsklinikum Development of inspection time: The role of work. Conclusions: Social stressors at work accel- Essen, Essen, Germany Mo¨ bus, S. Todica, Olga accelerated education for gifted children erate the loss of resources across consecutive work Neurologie, Universita¨ tsklinikum Essen, Essen, Duan, Xiaoju Institute of psychology, Beijing, People’s days. Germany Siegrist, J. Jo¨ ckel, K. H. Erbel, R. Weimar, Republic of China Shi, Jiannong developmental and Christian Neurologie, Universita¨tsklinikum Essen, educational, Institute of psychology, Beijing, People’s Essen, Germany Republic of China Zhou, Dan research, Beisen Removal of front vs back office work in call Objective: The objective of this study was to measurement company, Beijing, People’s Republic of centre: An intervention study examine the influence of 12 medical and psychoso- China Elfering, Achim Department of Psychology, University cial cardiovascular risk factors on the development 185 gifted children aged from 9 to 13 years old (94 of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Bestetti, Marco of a Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and the in accelerated education and 91 in normal educa- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, relationship between MCI and MRI-lesion patterns tion) were tested individually on a typical visual Switzerland Schade, Volker Centrum fu¨r within the context of the Heinz Nixdorf RECALL inspection time task. Children in accelerated PersonalManagement, CPMO, Bern, Switzerland (HNR)-Study. Methods: Participants were 74 men education outperformed their age peers slightly in Objective: Evaluation of work intervention in call and women from the HNR-Study cohort, who normal education by shorter IT. But the main effect centre. Taks of former front and back office work showed a reduced performance in a dementia of education was not significant, F(1,179)=2.27, were unified. Methods: Within a pre- and posttest screening. MCI was diagnosed by cognitive tests. P?.05. The result suggests that experience doesn’t design including a control group, 265 agents Results: First analyses indicate an influence of some play an important role in the development of reported data on work characteristics, well-being, cardiovascular risk factors on the development of processing speed and is consistent with the predic- and subjective performance. Objective data on MCI. Conclusions: Controlling cardiovascular risk tion of global trend hypothesis. The implications of factors can reduce the risk of developing MCI. performance were also collected. Results: There this for wider theoretical interpretations of the were positive effects of the intervention on former development of processing speed are discussed. front office agents in all dependent variables. The cub of psychotherapy Former back office agents however, showed mixed Dorofte, Tatiana Dept. of Education, Technical Group norms and group identification: The results, including a decline in quality of work and University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania application of social identity constructs to well-being. Conclusions: Interventions in Call Objectives: The presentation of a methodological- childhood bullying Centre should carefully consider differential effects analytic model for the systematization of the Duffy, Amanda Coombabah, Australia depending on former work design. existing psychotherapies and the forecast of future This study explored whether group norms and models, that was published in 1986. The methodol- group identification were relevant to the explana- ogy, ressembling to that of Guilford model of the tion of childhood bullying. Participants (N = 169), Understanding workers’ perception of bullying in intellect, leaded us to the creation of a three- aged 5 to 12 years, were asked to pretend that they the workplace: A cross-cultural study dimensional model whose referential axes allowed had been placed in a team for a drawing competi- Escartin, Jordi Social Psychology, Barcelona us to obtain 30 categorised cells and the delimita- tion. The norms of the team were then manipulated University, Barcelona, Spain Arrieta Salas, Carlos tion of an evolutionary corssbar from 1.1.1. cell to (bullying versus helping) and the child’s identifica- Psychology, Costa Rica University, San Jose Costa 3.2.5. cell. Results: With this instrument we tion with the team also assessed. An analysis of Rica, Costa Rica Rodriguez-Carballeira, Alvaro Social classified a great number of the 200 knowned variance revealed that group norms and identifica- Psychology, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain psychoterapies up to nowadays and we forecasted tion interacted to influence children’s bullying The main objective is to analyze the workers the emergence of the integrative orientation in intentions. This finding has important implications perception about bullying in the workplace, com- psychotherapy. for our understanding of bullying, as well as for the paring 4 different samples (two from Central- development of anti-bullying interventions. America and two from Southern Europe). The Nap now, profit later: Memory consolidation in data was obtained from employees who attended gifted adolescents with sleep debt Relationship between moral development and mobbing prevention courses and from employees Dresler, Martin Inst. fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Max-Planck- altruism and coping style in personality factors of who didn’t. A single open question was used: Institut, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Genzel, Lisa Psychiatrie, the students in Tehran ‘‘What do you understand when you think about Max-Planck-Institut, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Steiger, Axel Ebrahimy, Azam Psychology, Shahid Beheshti bullying at work? Significant differences (p ,,001) Psychiatrie, Max-Planck-Institut, Mu¨ nchen, Germany University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran were found for the type and direction of abuse when Chronic sleep deprivation has been repeatedly This study investigates the relationship between comparing the different sub samples. Friedman chi- shown to impair neural functioning. We tested the moral development and altruism and coping style in square revealed differences (p,, 001) between the effects of daytime naps on verbal learning in 64 personality factors. 360 subjects were selected categories of mobbing, however, Kruskall-Wallis gifted adolescents who had experienced moderate to through multi- stag cluster sampling. D.M.T, severe sleep loss for 10 days. The subjects were Big(5) and (C.S.Q) as well as the statistical methods showed non-significant differences between sub tested on two consecutive days with a story-learning of Anova, HSD and regression used. results samples. Results and limitations are discussed and a word-learning task. The stories and words indicated that the emotional coping has a reverse had to be recalled 5 hours after learning with or relationship with neuroticism and altruistim in Psychophysiological reactions to fear and disgust without a 45 minutes nap, and in a retest session speech freedom situation:(RDT), but it have a pictures one week later. The daytime naps had a beneficial direct relationship with gender and moral develop- Esteves, Francisco Dept. of Psychology, ISCTE, effect on verbal learning which became even more ment at 4 stage l. Avoidant –detached style has a Lisbon, Portugal Ruiz Padial, Elisabeth Psychology, pronounced after one week. direct relationship with the moral development at 4 Universidad de Jae´ n, Jae´ n, Spain Reyes del Paso, stage. The rational style has a direct relationship Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Gustavo Psychology, Universidad de Jae´ n, Jae´n, with openness, agreeableness, conscientious, neuro- Standardization of novel questionnaire for Spain Mata, Jose´ Luis Psychology, Universidad de ticism and altruistic tendencies of speech freedom autobiographical memory (AM) and evaluation of Granada, Jae´ n, Spain Ferreira, Ana Cla´ udia situation :(RDT) but it reverse with gender. emotional stimuli Psychology, ISCTE, Lisbon, Portugal Drobetz, Reinhard Clinical Psychology, Faculty of The aim of the present study was to compare Psychology, Vienna, Austria Derntl, Birgit Clinical Exhaustion in the evening as a function of psychophysiological responses to pictures asso- Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Vienna, Austria workday and social stressors: A multilevel ciated with fear and disgust. Participants were Kryspin-Exner, Ilse Clinical Psychology, Faculty of analysis exposed to a series of 40 emotional pictures, Psychology, Vienna, Austria Elfering, Achim Department of Psychology, University previously classified as fearful, disgust, pleasant or Aim of study 1 was the preclinical standardization of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Grebner, Simone neutral. Skin conductance, heart rate, startle of an AM-questionnaire, which consists of 22 visual Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, response, and levator labii superioris EMG-activity stimuli. A population of 180 students and non- Bern, USA Semmer, Norbert Karl Department of were recorded continuously. Each picture was also students participated. Additionally, we focused on Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland the AM-specificity. Prior to the AM-investigation, Objectives: This field study related social stressors evaluated in two dimensions – affective valence and 100 other healthy subjects rated each AM-picture at work to psychological recovery from work. arousal. The results showed a clear differentiation for 6 possible triggered primary emotions (study 2). Methods: During three working weeks 34 male between pleasant, unpleasant and neutral images on It is intended to use the material in fMRI-studies. employees reported their recovery status after work all measures, however, only the levator EMG- Significant effects of gender and education on the and in the evening at 9 p.m. Results: In multilevel activity, with larger responses to disgust pictures, ratings of both studies will be presented. Data analysis of 482 evening measurements sleep quality, could differentiate fear from disgust. 492 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Alphabet book reading by senior cognitive tasks. A horizontal and vertical decalage qualitative methods shed new light to pre-post- kindergarteners: Does their letter knowledge for the acquisition were found. Concrete reasoning treatment evaluation. Data analyses procedures are dictate their eye movements? was manifested in some general stagelike manner specified according to grounded theory guidelines Evans, Mary Ann Psychology, University of Guelph, combined with individual variations. A phenomen- with support of the computer-based ATLAS/ti Guelph, Canada Saint-Aubin, Jean Psychology, on of error-of - growth was identified in the process instrument. Results and conclusions are in a Universite´ de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, of acquiring conservation-of -volume. The inter- processing stage. Canada individual differences in development were con- strained by the interaction of internal factors and Twenty children ages 59 to 71 months read an Differences between immigrant and non external factors. Low- level ability children gained alphabet book while their eye movements were immigrant origin families in paternal stress more benefits from schooling. monitored. Results revealed that children spent during the hospitalization of a son significantly more time on the illustration than on Fernandez Castillo, Antonio Develop.-Education. the letter or the word, which did not differ one from Anger assessment with the STAXI-2: Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain the other. Most importantly, after controlling for Psychometric properties on Iranian university Vı´lchez-Lara, Marı´a Jose´ Anesthesiology and vocabulary knowledge, the number of letters known students reanimation, Hospital Complex of Jaen, Jae´n, Spain by a child accounted for a significant amount of Sada-Lazaro, Emilio Develop.-Education. Psychology, variance in the latency before fixating the letter, and Farahani, Mohammad Naghy Dept. of Psychology, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Islamic Republic University of Granada, Granada, Spain the time spent fixating the word. Thus, children We studied some of the variables that have been must have acquired a critical mass of letter knowl- of Iran The aim of this research is preliminary report of related to paternal stress during pediatric hospita- edge in order for alphabet books, to elicit attention lization, seeking for differences between indigenous to print. Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inven- tory –2 (STAXI-2) for students (aged 20-29 years and immigrant parents. In our study participated old) of Isfahan University in Iran. This study 137 parents with hospitalized children in the region Effects of a brief behavioral treatment for presents initial data on a Persian version of the of Andalusia (Spain). 85 of them were non insomnia in individuals with HIV: A pilot study inventory. The subjects were 600 students from immigrant parents and 52 immigrants. Our data Fair, Christine BBHH-Scottsdale, Scottsdale, USA Isfahan University and 30 psychiatric patients from indicate that no significant differences exist, in the Ramstad, David 116B, Carl T Hayden VAMC, Phoenix, Esfahan Farabi hospital. The results provide initial general level of stress, between the two groups of USA support for Spielberger’s factorial model of anger in parents. Nevertheless, it was observed differences Insomnia is associated with HIV impacting quality a Persian sample, also was indicated an acceptable among the associated variables with stress in the of life and medical outcome. This pilot study validity and reliability for the inventory. The results two groups. We discuss the important implications explored the effectiveness of a brief behavioral of this study are in consisting with the spielberger, s of our results for hospital context health care and treatment for HIV infected individuals. Six adults report (1999). institutional politics. with HIV participated in a behavioral treatment utilizing sleep education, restriction, and modified A and B Personality types: Which effect on Anxiety in immigrant parents during stimulus control to improve length/quality of sleep. mental health? hospitalization of their children Measures including sleep diaries, sleep quality, sleep Fathi-Ashtiani, Ali Behavioral Sciences Research C, Fernandez Castillo, Antonio Develop.-Education. drive, and insomnia severity were completed at Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain baseline, week one, and post-intervention. Improve- Baqiyatallah University of Med, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Mahdavian, Alireza Department of Sada-Lazaro, Emilio Develop.-Education. Psychology, ments in sleep drive and recognized sleep habits University of Granada, Granada, Spain Vı´lchez-Lara, impacting sleep quality were observed post-inter- Psychology, Science and Culture University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Ziglari, Hamideh Department Maria Jose´ Anesthesiology and reanimation, Hospital vention. Significant reductions in Insomnia were Complex of Jaen, Jae´n, Spain not observed. Future research recommends in- of Psychology, Science and Culture University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Our first objective is to analyze the presence of creased number of sessions and adherence to anxiety in immigrant parents during the hospitali- protocol. The study, investigates the relationship between the mental health and personality types of university zation of a son or daughter, looking for differences students. 170 students (85 females and 85 males) in function of the geographical origin. Gender A longitudinal study on the development of were selected. The instruments used comprised differences are looked for in second place. In our theory of mind understanding in Chinese children General Health Questionnaire, and A and B study there participated 75 immigrant and 75 non Fang, Fuxi Institute of Psychology CAS, Beijing, Personality Questionnaire. The t-test and multiple immigrant parents randomly selected. All of them People’s Republic of China Wellman, Henry Center for regression coefficient were used to analyze the data. had children hospitalized in Andalucia, Spain. We Human Growth and De, University of Michigan, Ann There was a significant difference between students found anxiety in immigrant population like in non- Arbor, USA Liu, Yujuan Developmental Psychology, with A and B personality types in somatic immigrants but no significative differences between Institute of Psychology CAS, Beijing, People’s symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depres- the two groups. No gender differences were found Republic of China Liu, Guoxiong Developmental sion. That means that the students with B in immigrants. The emotional alterations of parents Psychology, Institute of Psychology CAS, Beijing, personality type have better mental health. More- are important for the achievement of wellbeing People’s Republic of China Kang, Rong over A and B personality types have 12% and 6% of during pediatric hospitalization. Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology variance of mental health. CAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Comparative analysis of on-line versus traditional Cross-sectional, scaling methods with children tutorship use in a university educational Qualitative methods in pre-post-evaluation of a raised in Western societies show theory-of-mind innovation project group psychotherapy for chronic pain: An understandings develop in consistent sequences. Do Fernandez Castillo, Antonio Develop.-Education. exploratory study longitudinal data confirm the same sequences? And, Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Ferna´ndez Puig, Victoria Faculty of Psychology, do children from quite different sociocultural The objective of this work is to carry out a University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain Semis, circumstances evidence the same sequences? To comparison analysis between the main systems of Ricard Pain Clinic, Hospital Germans Tries i Pujol, address these questions we used a theory-of-mind tutorship in high education. 312 students of the Barcelona, Spain Bakaikoa, Maika Pain Clinic, scale with 140 Chinese preschoolers from Beijing Faculty of Educational Sciences of the University of Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Hospital Germans Tries i Pujol, Badalona, Spain and 135 English-speaking children from the US and Granada, aged between 18 and 38, answered Borrell, Dani Pain Clinic, Hospital Tries i Pujol, Australia. Focally, we followed 31 Chinese children voluntarily the assessment instruments. A cluster Badalona, Spain Farriols Hernando, Nuria Faculty of longitudinally, with multiple scale assessments. analysis indicated two large groups of subjects: Psychology, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain Longitudinal results confirm the cross-sectional those that show a preference for the use of Palma Sevillano, Carolina Faculty of Psychology, findings of a common sequence of understanding traditional tutorship, and those that prefer the University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain Segura (with the same steps longitudinally and cross- virtual tutorship. A majority of the students prefer Bernal, Jordi Faculty of Psychology, University sectionally), as well as sociocultural differences in traditional tutorial action. None of the two main Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain Monerris, Mar Pain children’s developing theories of mind. alternatives is clearly better than the other, each one Clinic, Hospital Germans Tries i Pujol, Barcelona, of them have advantages and objections. Spain The development of the operational thinking in Objectives: The aim is to compare perceptions, Chinese school children coping strategies and disabilities in chronic pain ‘‘The story of my life’’: Analysing homeless’ and Fang, Fuxi Institute of Psychology CAS, Beijing, experience as a way to describe patients improve- professionals’ perspectives on homelessness People’s Republic of China ment. Methods: Subjects are patients at the Pain Ferreira, Joaquim Armando Fac.of Psychol. and Ed. How does operational thinking develop in school Clinic which have assisted to a 12 weekly sesions of Scienc, University of Coimbra, COIMBRA, Portugal children and which factors effect its development? group psychotherapy and fullfilled a set of quanti- Mairos Nogueira, So´ nia Fac.of Psychol. and Ed. We addressed these questions by assessing children tative tests and an open questionnaire related to Scienc, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal longitudinally at ages 7, 9 and 12 who come from chronic pain experience before and after the The main goal of this research was to study factors various qualities of schooling on four Piagetian’s treatment. In addition with quantitative measures, that enhance the probability of becoming homeless, Wednesday 23rd July 2008 493

being homeless over time and successful (re)inser- volunteering. Some lessons learned from volunteer- The aim of this study is to examine the simulta- tion in society. To do so, we developed a multi- ing in the UK were discussed. neous predictive power of personality factors, pain method qualitative approach that included coping and medical adherence, in order to explain participant observations during street interventions Changes of reward system in Japanese how patients evaluate their medical treatment (n>50) and semi-strutured interviews with currently management and the effect on the contextual outcomes. 73 non- malignant chronic pain patients and formerly homeless (n=20). From their life performance were assessed using the Clinical Millon Multiaxial stories it became clear that some dimensions coexist Furukawa, Hisataka Human-Environment Studies, Inventory, the Vanderbilt Coping Strategies Ques- in the three situations (e.g., social policies, job Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan Ikeda, Hiroshi tionnaire, the Participant Compliance Reporting instability, relations, vocational volatility). How- Human Sciences, St.Thomas, Amagasaki, Japan Scale, a self-reported measure of medication ad- ever, only some of them are essential to the process Success of Japanese organizations has been attrib- herence and the Patients’ Treatment Outcomes of successful reinsertion, namely: relationships, uted to employees’ higher organizational commit- Perception Questionnaire. Canonical correlation training and work opportunities, counseling and ment and teamwork caused by ‘equality’ based on analysis revealed that are patients with a less specific intervention strategies. seniority reward system. Recently, almost all adjusted personality and which tend to use more Japanese organizations altered seniority system to active pain coping responses those which perceived Assessing the locus of task-switch costs within outcome-based one. This study examined, using the medical treatment as less effective. the processing stream path analysis, the effect of outcome-based system on employee’s task and contextual perfomance Fiedler, Anja Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t What do we think about when we compare two Tu¨ bingen, Tu¨ bingen, Germany Schro¨ ter, Hannes through survey for 6 Japanese organizations. Results revealed the introduction of outcome-based Japanese Kanji numbers? Psychologisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universita¨t, Gan, Qingwei Cognitive Psychology Lab., Tu¨ bingen, Germany Ulrich, Rolf Psychologisches system did not have necessarily direct and negative effect on employees’ contextual performance. Spe- Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan Ishiguchi, Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universita¨t,Tu¨ bingen, Akira Cognitive Psychology Lab, Ochanomizu Germany cifically, new reward system had impact first on the employees’ procedural and distributional justice University, TOKYO, Japan When participants are required to switch from one Multi-digit Arabic numeral system is a place-value task to another task, switch-costs are usually perception. Justice perceptions influenced employ- ees’ teamwork orientation, and then contextual system which contains both shape and position observed in reaction time (RT). It is unclear, performance. information, but Japanese Kanji numeral system however, where these costs occur within the only uses shape information to represent the base processing stream. We employed the lateralized and power dimension of a number. Three experi- readiness potential (LRP) to localize this switch- Inhibitory mechanisms in verbal and emotional ments were conducted to investigate what we think cost effect within the RT processing stream. The processing in early Parkinsons Disease: Global or about when comparing two multi-digit kanji experiment required participants to switch between specific impairments? numbers simultaneously. The results show that (1) Fusari, Anna Basic Psychology II, UNED Univ. Nac. tasks, which differed in their response sets. As the multi-digit kanji number is represented compo- Ed.a Distancia, Madrid, Spain Garcı´a Rodrı´guez, expected, RT increased when participants had to sitionally in comparison; (2) the length of kanji switch from one to another task. Most importantly, Beatriz Basic Psychology II, UNED Univ.Nac.Ed.a number influence the decision time; (3) the shape however, the LRP results indicate that this increase Distancia, Madrid, Spain Ellgring, Heiner Psychology, information works internally regardless of whether is associated with slower premotor and motor Julius Maximilian University, Wurzburg, Germany it is used to represent base or power. processing compared to a non-switch condition. Molina Arjona, Jose´ Antonio Neurology, Hospital XII de Octubre, Madrid, Spain In this study we have tested inhibitory abilities in Analyzing the safety climate and safety behavior Emotional expression and leadership early and unmedicated Parkinsons patients (PD). relationship on aircrew effectiveness: A study of Singaporean Chinese We compared performance of a group of PD Gao, Juan Shanghai, People’s Republic of China You, workers patients and controls on a verbal Stroop test, an Xuqun Department of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal Fu, Jeanne Ho Ying Nanyang Business School, emotional facial identification cued task and an University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China Nanyang Technological Univers., Singapore, emotional inhibitory task with congruent and On the assumption that the relationship between Singapore incongruent trials (emotional expressions/corre- safety climate and safety behavior is mediated by The current research explores the effect of emo- sponding nouns). Results showed an impaired perceived barrier and situation awareness, we tional expression on perceived leadership effective- performance of PD patients in the three tasks, propose four structural equation models. Factor ness. Past research (Tiedens, 2001) has shown that although this deficit was more pronounced in the analysis is applied to test the instruments and to for Euro-Americans, angry emotion conferred more Stroop and the emotional inhibition task. We did verify the goodness of fit of the proposed models, power to leaders than sad emotion. I propose that not find correlation between these two inhibitory and an optimal model is thus picked out. Three East-Asians perceive angry emotion differently than tasks, suggesting that inhibition is a multidimen- conclusions are drawn: (a) Safety climate has do Euro-Americans. East-Asians perceive angry sional process and is not affected by stimulus type. emotion as less conducive to effective leadership indirect effect on safety behavior via perceived because anger is perceived as manifesting loss of barrier and situation awareness; (b) Safety climate Prevalence of sexual coercion against dating emotional control. Singaporean Chinese workers has indirect effect on situation awareness via partners by male and female university students first viewed video clips in which a leader conducted perceived barrier; (c) Safety climate has strong worldwide a meeting expressing either angry, calm or sad direct effect on perceived barrier, which indicates it Ga´ mez Guadix, Manuel Universidad Autonoma de emotion. Participants then rated effectiveness of the is necessary to eliminate the excursive attitude of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Straus, Murray A. Family leader. Results showed that calm leaders were aircrew to further ensure aviation safety. Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, perceived as better leaders than angry and sad Durham, USA leaders. Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide Loyalty to supervisor in Chinese context: information on the extent to males and females Antecedents and outcomes Japanese life-patterns in the 2000’s: Student perpetrated sexual coercion against a dating partner Gao, Yan Dept. of Psychology, Beijing Normal in 32 national contexts around the world. Method: University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Zhang,

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 volunteering in Japan, China and the UK Furukawa, Hideo Dept. Intercultural Studies, Ryukoku This research is part of the International Dating Peng Human Resource, Huawei Technologies Co., University, Ohtsu, Japan Yorifuji, Kayo Research Violence Study. Samples were collected at 68 Ltd., Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China Institute, International Economy and Work, Osaka, universities in all major world regions. Results: The paper is to test that Loyalty to supervisor is a Japan Yamashita, Miyako graduate school of Overall, about 26% of the men and 19% of the more effective predictor of job-related outcomes humanities, Okayama University, Itami, HYOGO, women reported perpetrating some form of verbal than organizational commitment in China, a highly Japan sexual coercion, and 2.4% of men and 1.8% of relationship-oriented context. 389 subjects from 3 Volunteering is one of the most important activities women admitted to some form of physically forced companies answered questionnaire measuring 7 which enhance the quality of life for students as well sex. Conclusions: Findings showed that there were constructs including Loyalty to Supervisor, Orga- as company employees. So as to explore the large differences between nations in the rates of nizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Their differences of volunteering among three countries, sexually coercive behavior and that women as well OCB and task performance was rated by super- a preliminary survey was conducted on campus. as men engage in sexual coercion. visors. Result from regression analysis indicates Interim findings indicated by analyzing the ques- that loyalty to supervisor was more strongly tionnaire data of three universities are follows. Psychological variables related to treatment associated with in-role performance, organizational Firstly, students in the UK are more often engaged outcome perception in chronic pain patients citizenship behavior than organizational commit- in volunteering than any of the others. Secondly, Go´ mez Pe´ rez, Lydia Personalidad, Evaluac. y Trab., ment. The data also indicate that "Guanxi", students in Japan are willing to participate in Universidad de Ma´laga, Ma´ laga, Spain Lo´ pez interactional justice, perceived supervisor’s Personal volunteering potentially. Thirdly, students in China Martı´nez, Alicia Eva Personalidad, Evaluacio´ n y Tra, Morality, and Goal Efficiency are the important are sometimes mobilized to so-called compulsory Universidad de Ma´laga, Ma´ laga, Spain antecedents of subordinate’s loyalty to supervisor. 494 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

11-M as seen by children Concurrent validity and reliability of Persian form condition and an ‘‘action’’ condition. Integration of Garcı´a Renedo, Mo´ nica Oficina de Cooperacio´n, were acceptable. relations was either required or not. Results showed Universitat Jaume I, Castello´ n de la Plana (Spain), a broad, predominantly left-lateralized fronto- Spain Valero Valero, Mar Oficina de Cooperacio´n, parietal network to be activated for relational Beyond cultural Specific: Cross- cultural Universitat Jaume I, Castello´ n de la Plana (Spain), integration in both domains. Reasoning with management in the context of globalization: Spain Gil Beltra´ n, Jose´ Manuel Oficina de abstract as compared to reasoning with action General trends and psychological implications Cooperacio´ n, Universitat Jaume I, Castello´ n de la stimuli activated distinct networks. More detailed Genkova, Petia Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Plana (Spain), Spain Caballer Miedes, Antonio analyses revealed differential involvement of re- Passau, Passau, Germany gions within the frontal cortex. Results underline Our aim is to analyse the graphic representations The Study tries to pinpoint the extent to which a functional relevance of premotor cortex in purely made by schoolchildren on the 11-M terrorist given corporate culture is applicable in a different cognitive tasks. attack (Madrid, 2004). The sample is made up of cultural context. These Studies present the results 116 students of a state school in Castello´n (Spain). from really HR- Audits. One study is about an Ages range between 8 and 12, with an average age establishment of an American company in Ger- Dimensions of symbolic brand image perception of 9.78 (s.d.=1.29). The drawings and writings were many (supply industry). The second study is about in Poland analysed descriptively through an inter-rater analy- a German establishment in the United States Gorbaniuk, Oleg Experimental Psychology, Catholic sis. This study offers knowledge on the emotional (mechanical engineering industry). The results University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland and cognitive world of children with regard to clearly reveal that the acceptance of a corporate With the goal of identifying dimensions of brand large-scale human tragedies. This knowledge may culture in a foreign cultural context is very low personality among Polish consumers, 870 people prove very useful to devise intervention strategies among the employees of the host country. The were tested from 16-34 years of age. Respondents that allow parents, teachers and psychologists to attempt to implement a given concept of motivation described 37 brands from various product cate- understand and help children after the event of programs and human resources development mea- gories (utilitarian, symbolic/utilitarian, symbolic). traumatic situations of this kind. sures has held negative effects instead of positive The results confirm a five factors structure obtained effects on work efficiency and on the commitment in previous research studies (Aaker, 1997, 2001). The role of the universitat Jaume I in of staff. General trends are discussed. The isolated dimensions are Competence, Excite- emergencies and disasters ment, Openness to others, Sophistication, and Snobbery. The result of the carried out research is Garcı´a Renedo, Mo´ nica Oficina de Cooperacio´n, ‘‘Short-term’’ neuropsychological interventions the Polish Brand Personality Scale composed of the Universitat Jaume I, Castello´ n de la Plana (Spain), on children and adolescents with Attention presented five dimensions, thirteen facets and thirty Spain Valero Valero, Mar Oficina de Cooperacio´n, Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and nine personality traits. Particular scales obtained Universitat Jaume I, Castello´ n de la Plana (Spain), learning disabilities good internal and test-retest reliability. Spain Gil Beltra´ n, Jose´ Manuel Oficina de Giger, Elisabeth Kinderpsychologie, Z.E.N., Biel, Cooperacio´ n, Universitat Jaume I, Castello´ n de la Switzerland Hassink, Ralph-Ingo Kinderpsychologie, Plana (Spain), Spain Z.E.N., Biel, Switzerland Giugliano, Sara Dimensions of symbolic brand image perception Unfortunately, there is a piece of news about Kinderpsychologie, Z.E.N., Biel, Switzerland in Poland floods, earthquakes and terrorist attacks on a daily Aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of Gorbaniuk, Oleg Experimental Psychology, Catholic basis. As well as material and personal damages, ‘‘short-term’’ neuropsychological interventions on University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland these situations have a psychosocial impact in the children and adolescents with ADHD and comor- With the goal of identifying dimensions of brand population. By taking into account all these factors, bid learning disabilities. Up to now we followed 25 personality among Polish consumers, 963 people the Universitat Jaume I has a new work area: the patients, aged 10-18 years with ADHD diagnosis were tested from 16-34 years of age. Respondents ‘‘Disasters Intervention and Humanitarian Aid for a short neuropsychological treatment. After a described 24 brands from various product cate- Area’’. There are two specifics projects in this area: detailed neuropsychological examination, specific gories (utilitarian, symbolic/utilitarian, symbolic). a) A course in International Humanitarian Aid b) individual academic success-strategies were imple- The results confirm a five factors structure obtained Psychosocial Observatory on Resources in Disaster mented. Parents and teachers were also specifically in previous research studies (Aaker, 1997, 2001). Situations (OPSIDE-UJI) The main objective in instructed. Questionnaires of change of behaviour The isolated dimensions are Competence, Excite- this poster is to show the main two projects in this and academic achievement assessment were used to ment, Openness to others, Sophistication, and area that our University is currently working on. evaluate the success. All patients improved signifi- Snobbery. The result of the carried out research is cantly their academic, learning and attitudinal the Polish Brand Personality Scale composed of the The risk and protective factors of behavior and characteristics and they were able to sustain these presented five dimensions, thirteen facets and thirty emotional problems of children with bronchial improvements after intervention. nine personality traits. Particular scales obtained asthma: The role of parents personality and good internal and test-retest reliability. family context ADHD and learning disabilities Garckija, Renata Klinical and Organizational ps, Glozman, Janna Psychology Department, Moscow Performance anxiety during a musical Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania State University, Moscow, Germany performance and a non-musical, social Bronchial Asthma (BA) is diagnosed to 1 of 50 Objectives: To prove relationship of ADHD with performance situation Lithuanian children. It is suggested that the learning disability, to find out its neuropsychologi- Gorges, Susanne Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie I, Universita¨t psychopathology among BA children is by great cal mechanisms and efficient methods of neuropsy- Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Alpers, Georg W. degree related to parental and family context. By chological remediation. Methods: Luria battery, Department of Psychology I, University of Wu¨ rzburg, our research we seek to evaluate the impact and Conners ADHD questionnaire. Results: ADHD Wu¨ rzburg, Germany interplay of parental and family variables, such as was revealed in 81% of learning disable children. Literature reports mixed results on the relationship parents personality, parenting styles and conflict Neuropsychological assessment proved its relation between musical performance anxiety and social resolution strategies, to psychological adjustment of with decreased brain activation and underdeve- anxiety. Only few studies compare them in an children with BA. We will compare the the clinical loped executive functions. A complex program of experimental design. In the current study we group with controls and make our conclusions on motor and cognitive remediation aimed to activate compared subjective performance anxiety, cortisol, the basis of Structural Equation Modeling analysis. the child ("saturation" with activity instead of and heart rate in 31 music students while playing in Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 prohibit it) and to form an ability of self-control a concert and while giving a speech in front of an Conclusion: The proposed system of neuropsycho- audience. We expected that the level of performance Application of NEO-PI-R test and analytic logical remediation does not look for a "button" to anxiety is similar for the musical and non-musical evaluation of it’s characteristics and factorial switch off child’s hyperactivity, but it forms performance. Conclusions with respect to the structure among Iranian university students strategies to control it. It favors both child attention nature of musical performance anxiety and its Garousi Farshy, Mirthagy Dept. of Psychology, Tabriz and success in learning. relationship to social anxiety disorder are discussed. University, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran This study investigates the existence of Five-factor model of personality in Iran. A Persian translation Relational reasoning in the abstract and motor Why do Polish students learn English and how do of revised NEO personality inventory was prepared. domains: An fMRI study they perceive this language? Psychological image Content validity and cultural relevance of it, were Golde, Maria Cognitive Neurology, MPI CBS, Leipzig, of English language and motivation for learning assessed. Final version of test was administered to a Germany Schubotz, Ricarda I. Cognitive Neurology, English at Polish students. sample of students from Iran universities(N=1717, MPI CBS, Leipzig, Germany von Cramon, D. Yves Grabarska, Anna Lublin, Poland aged 18-24). Separate principal component analyses Cognitive Neurology, MPI CBS, Leipzig, Germany Investigating reasons for learning English and with varimax rotation were conducted on the The study aimed at differentiating brain correlates connection between the type of motivation and intercorrelations of 30 facet scores. Results showed of relational processes in the motor and abstract ‘‘personality’’ of English and its similarity with ideal existence of five major factors. A sixth factor was domains using fMRI. A reasoning paradigm I. 160 students filled in the questionnaire of also extracted and called "Narcissism". This factor adapted from Raven’s Progressive Matrices was motivation and the ACL. ANOVA and post hoc was different within groups, males and females. employed with subjects performing in an ‘‘abstract’’ test were used. Individuals with high or medium Wednesday 23rd July 2008 495

level of intrinsic and high level of extrinsic yielded IAT effects in good accordance with the Is self-leadership more than volitional efficacy? motivation perceive English more positively and literature. Mierke & Klauer’s (2001) probabilistic Heiss, Christian Lehrstuhl fu¨ r Sportpsychologie, perceive their ideal I as more similar to personality task switch neglect model accounted for the IAT Technische Universita¨tMu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany of English than individuals with low level of effects (though moderated by age) while the QUAD Beckmann, Ju¨ rgen Lehrstuhl fu¨ r Sportpsychologie, intrinsic and medium level of extrinsic motivation. model (Conrey, et al. 2005) did not fit the data. In Technische Universita¨tMu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany English is becoming ‘‘world language’’. The person- light of the QUAD models’ capability to indepen- Ehrlenspiel, Felix Lehrstuhl fu¨ r Sportpsychologie, ality of English is supposed to be one of the factors dently estimate in-group preference and out-group Technische Universita¨tMu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany influencing the motivation for learning English. derogation, possible explanations for the misfit are Volitional efficacy can be separated into self- discussed and plausible extensions of the original regulation and self-control (Kuhl, 1998). Question- Two points of view on motives for learning model’s parameter assumptions are suggested. naires assessing volition seem to show a high English and on psychological image of this overlap to the measurement of self-leadership language. A cross-cultural study involving (Neck & Manz, 2002). This was tested in a study Changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) and eating Poland, United Kingdom and the United States of with a sample of 323 students using an exploratory disorder symptomatology over the life cycle in America. factor analysis. The results indicate that both western Canadian men and women: ethnic concepts load on distinct factors. This could be Grabarska, Anna Lublin, Poland contrasts Investigating reasons for learning English by Polish explained by theoretical distinctions between self- Harrell, Andrew Population Research Laboratory, students given by themselves and by native speakers control, which is mainly a descriptive whereas self- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Boisvert, from UK and the USA. Also an attempt at leadership is mainly a normative construct. Based Jennifer A. Population Research Laboratory, describing the ‘‘personality’’ of English by Poles on these findings it is hypothesized that self- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and native speakers. 180 subjects filled in the leadership skills are necessary to show self con- Objectives. Changes in BMI and disordered eating questionnaire of motivation and the ACL. Descrip- trolled behaviour. tive statistics were used. Both groups (Poles and over the life cycle of men, women, whites and non- whites were investigated. Methods. A representative native speakers) indicated definitely more extrinsic Implicit and explicit memory in ADHD survey (n = 1200) of Western Canadians. Drive for than intrinsic motives for learning English by Polish Heubeck, Bernd School of Psychology, Australian Thinness, Bulimia and Body Dissatisfaction were students. In description of the ‘‘personality’’ of National University, Canberra, Australia Clapham, analyzed with ANOVA. Results. Differences in English Poles chose only positive adjectives while Laura School of Psychology, Australian National Bulimia between whites and non-whites were due to native speakers also some negative ones. English is University, Canberra, Australia McKone, Elinor School becoming ‘‘world language’’. The language and BMI variations. Drive for Thinness was higher for of Psychology, Australian National University, motivation for learning it may be perceived women at every age except for those 65 + years. Canberra, Australia differently by various nations. Body Dissatisfaction was greatest in the obese and Aloisi, McKone and Heubeck (2004) reported that in whites. Conclusions. Canadian ethnic differences children with ADHD showed problems in explicit in disordered eating are unique. Gender differences Psychological models of social inference memory performance but not in implicit memory become minimal with advanced age. Grant, Malcolm Dept. of Psychology, Memorial compared to matched controls. Their memory tasks University, St. John’s, Canada Snook, Brent were of a visual nature. The current study asked if Psychology, Memorial University, St. John’s, Canada The mass man as defector: Implications of similar findings can be obtained presenting auditory Button, Cathryn Psychology, Memorial University, St. Ortega’s ‘‘The rebellion of the masses’’ on social memory tasks. Boys with ADHD were matched by John’s, Canada dilemma research age to boys without a diagnosis and given working memory, category exemplar generation and cate- A matching heuristic model of social inferences was Hatori, Tsuyoshi Dept of Civil Engineering, Tokyo gory cued recall tests. Poorer results on the digits compared with two integration models, an un- Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Fujii, Satoshi backwards test of working memory were obtained weighted-cue model and a weighted-cue model. Dept of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of as well as the expected explicit/implicit dissociation University students saw pictures of targets (coded Technology, Tokyo, Japan Komatsu, Yoshihiro Dept in ADHD. Implications for theory and learning for gender, age, attractiveness, smiling, ethnic of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, with ADHD are considered. identity, and ethnic garb) and judged their liberal- Tokyo, Japan ness (Study 1) or intelligence (Study 2). In both The objective of this study is to develop measure- studies, the weighted-cue model significantly out- ments of spiritual vulgarity of the masses based Sibling numbers and age at menarche performed the unweighted model. The heuristic upon Ortega’s ‘‘the revolt of the masses’’(1930) and Hinobayashi, Toshihiko School of Human Sciences, model, using in most cases just one or two cues, was to investigate relations between the measurements Osaka University, Suita, Japan Minami, Tetsuhiro as accurate as the weighted-cue model in predicting and defective behaviors in various social dilemmas. School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, intelligence judgments and significantly better for For this purpose, we implemented two question- Japan Akai, Seiki School of Human Sciences, Osaka liberalness judgments. We discuss the psychological naire surveys targeting at 200 university students University, Suita, Japan Yasuda, Jun School of plausibility of these models and their susceptibility and 1000 households in Japan, respectively. The Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan to overfitting. factor analysis on the vulgarity measurements Shizawa, Yasuhiro School of Human Sciences, Osaka produced two subscales; autistic attitude and University, Suita, Japan Itoigawa, Naosuke School of The study on the personality of pupils in China contumelious attitude. Furthermore, obtained data Letters, Mukogawa Women’s University, Suita, Japan Gu, Liqun School of Management, Dalian Polytechnic from both surveys indicated that the vulgar scales Yamada, Kazunori School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China Liu, were correlated with tendency of defective beha- University, Suita, Japan Wen Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal viors in social dilemmas, e.g. anti-environmental The association of sibling numbers and age at University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China behavior and destructive behavior of landscape. menarche was evaluated in 48,905 Japanese school- Elementary school is a critical phase in which girls. The material was collected in February,2005. children form and develop their own personality. It Status quo data on menarche was analyzed by is also a key link in carrying out quality education. Studies on Yips(2) probit analysis with the number of children in a In order to scientifically grasp the characteristics Hayashi, Kiyoshi Dept. of Psychology, Shiraume family.The median age at menarche tended to and law of pupils’ personality development and Gakuen College, Tokyo, Japan Ogino, Nanae increase significantly (p,0.001)with each increasing Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 make feasible policies, targeted at 489 pupils in Psychology, Shiraume Gakuen College, Ogawacho sibling, up until 3 or more siblings. While the total China, and based on research and data in Kodairasi Tokyo, Japan Yagi, Takahiko Psychology, age at menarche was 12.22 years old, the age at %Evaluation Scale of Children’s personality Devel- Chuo Gakuin University, Kujike Abikosi Chiba, Japan menarche among a one-child-family was 12.0 years opment&. This research sums up the characteristics Objectives Hayashi and Yagi(2006) suggested that old. But, the influence of sibling numbers was less in age and differences in sex concerning pupils’ the yips were relevant to characteristics of perfec- than that of so-called secular trend. personality development in urban areas of China . tionism. This survey has been carried out to show some relationship between perfectionism and other Work-family conflict: Reducing conflict and Cognitive modeling of in-group preference personality traits. Methods Survey with perfection- enhancing gain with a behavioral family effects in an implicit association task ism scale, obsessional inventory and MMPI to 99 intervention Gula, Bartosz Inst. fu¨ r Pychologie, Universita¨t university students(2007). Results We found Con- Holdstein, Doreen Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Tech. Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria Ho¨ bart, Bernhard cern over Mistakes and Doubting of Actions scales Universita¨t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany Department of Psychology, Klagenfurt University, are more correlate to MMPI and LOI sub-scales Hahlweg, Kurt Institut fu¨ r Psychologie, TU Klagenfurt, Austria Vitouch, Oliver Department of than Desire for Perfection and Personal Standard Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany Psychology, Klagenfurt University, Klagenfurt, Austria scales. Conclusions We suggested such negative Working parents encounter a variety of conflicting Two different accounts of the cognitive processes factors of perfectionism more affected to activate duties in their work and family lives. The present involved in the Implicit Association Test (IAT) neurotic conditions. To reduce such conditions we study examined the efficacy of a parenting program were examined. In this study (N = 84) a new IAT suggesed it is useful to apply several relaxation especially designed to their needs, including topics capturing ethnic group preferences was applied and programs. such as positive parenting, stress management, and 496 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

balancing work and family life. For this purpose 87 a significant difference on P300’s amplitude be- Danie¨l Dept. Management, University of Antwerp, parents have been randomly assigned to an experi- tween recognition/nonrecognition regardless of the Antwerpen, Belgium mental group and a waitlist-control condition. participants’ overt behavior at site Pz(p ,.005) and To date there are very few empirical studies, Effect sizes for individual, family-related, and Cz(p ,.000). Subsequent MANOVA(stimulus6 especially with larger samples, which have investi- work-related outcome variables, such as work-to- sites) revealed the recognition/nonrecognition cog- gated the relationship between employee age and family and family-to-work conflict, stress, and life nitive process had significantly different P300 levels of motivation. This paper examines age satisfaction are presented. The results will be amplitude topographies. differences in work motivation in a UK sample of discussed with regard to implications for the more than 9000 individuals who completed a work-family research and workplace health promo- comprehensive motivation questionnaire for selec- tion. Individual differences in causal reasoning tion or development purposes. Age differences were development examined separately for men and women and by Hwang, Hye-Young Dept. of Education, Seoul considering whether relationships between age and Children’s rejection sensitivity for intimate National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Kim, motivation are non-linear. Results generally sup- relationships in Japan Jung-Ha Dept. of Education, Seoul National port propositions from the literature which suggest Honda, Junko child and family welfare, Den-en-Chofu University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Lee, Hyun-Joo a shift in people’s motivators rather than a general University, Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa-ken, Japan Dept. of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, decline in motivation with age. Children high in rejection sensitivity (RS) anxiously Republic of Korea Shin, Jong-Ho Dept. of Education, expect rejection and are at risk for interpersonal Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and personal distress. In this study, we developed a The purpose of the paper was to investigate Comparing social anxiety in Chinese, Spanish measure to pick up children high in rejection individual differences in the development of causal and North American adolescents sensitivity in Japan. Japanese children(9-12 years- reasoning ability and to identify correlates with the Ingles, Candido J. Dept. of Health Psychology, old) high in rejection sensitivity avoided intimate differences. Specifically, gender, working memory Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain Zhou, relationships with same-sex friends. They didn’t capacity, and background knowledge were investi- Xinyue Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, want the relationships with firends to continue for a gated as correlates in the study. Inter- and intra- Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China La Greca, long time. The result implicated that children high individual differences were also investigated among Annette Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, in rejection sensitivity seek security through avoid- contents of causal reasoning: Psychological, beha- USA Hidalgo, Maria D. Psychology, University of ing proximity to their firends. vioral, and physical contents. Participants were Murcia, Murcia, Spain about 1,000 students in grades 1 to 6. Results of the This study examined the differences in social Deliberation or Intuition?: The impact of decision study showed that gender and background knowl- anxiety between adolescents from China, Spain modes with regard to efficiency of simple versus edge were significant correlates with causal reason- and US. The results revealed that: (a) Chinese complex probabilistic inferences ing, and that inter- and intra-individual differences adolescents scored significantly higher than North Horstmann, Nina Research on Collective Goods, Max- were found in the different content areas of causal American and Spanish adolescents on the on the Planck-Institut, Bonn, Germany reasoning. SAS-A total and its subscales; (b) Chinese adoles- Recent studies suggest advantages of unconscious cent – both boys and girls – scored higher on the SAS-A and its subscales than both North American information processing compared to deliberation Four-aspect model of resilience: Cognition and with regard to decision quality (Unconscious adolescents (boys and girls) and Spanish adoles- utilization of personal and environmental cents (boys and girls), and (d) Chinese adolescents – Thought Theory; Dijksterhuis, 2006). Glo¨ckner resources and Betsch (in press) conduct with the Parallel both 10th grade and 12th grade - scored higher on Ihaya, Keiko Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu Constraint Satisfaction Rule a mathematical speci- the SAS-A and its subscales than North American University, Fukuoka, Japan Nakamura, Tomoyasu fication of these processes and show that indivi- adolescents (10th grade and 12th grade). Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, duals are able to integrate complex information Fukuoka-city, Japan automatically in an astoundingly narrow time Resilience is the capacity of people to cope with Decisions under ambiguity: Effects of sign and frame. Combining these approaches an experiment harmful events. We classified the resilience in regard magnitude based on probabilistic inferences is designed to with four aspects of resource: cognition and Inukai, Keigo Behavioral Science, Hokkaido investigate the efficiency of intuitive and deliberate utilization of personal and environmental resources. University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Takahashi, decision modes depending on low vs. high complex- As this classification, four scales measuring these Taiki Behavioral Science, Hokkaido University, ity. It is expected that intuition yields good resources were developed. Next, we estimated the Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan decisions regardless of complexity level, while difficulty and discrimination of each item in these Decision under ambiguity (uncertainty with un- deliberation results in suboptimal decisions under scales using Item Response Theory. The results known probabilities) has been attracting attention high complexity. showed the middle to low difficulty and the middle in cognitive science and behavioral economics. discrimination. Therefore, we suggest that four However, recent neuroimaging studies have mainly Psychological Information Engineering (PIE) scales are adequate for measuring resilience of focused on gain domains while little attention has Hu, Zhan Dept. of Psychology, East China Normal normal people and promote the clarification of the been paid to the magnitudes of outcomes. In this University, Berlin, Germany resilience more than to date. study, we examined the effects of the sign (i.e. gain PIE is an interdisciplinary field that relates to and loss) and magnitude of outcomes in ambiguity psychology, information science, automation tech- aversion and the additivity of subjective probabil- nology and other applied sciences. In order to Revelation effect on autobiographical memories ities in Ellsberg’s urn problems (Camerer & Weber, realize the informationization for psychology, PIE Inan, Asli Dept. of Psychology, Atilim University, 1992). We observed that (i) ambiguity aversion was fully applies contemporary information technology Ankara, Turkey Tekman, Hasan Psychology, Uludag observed in both signs, and (ii) subadditivity of to the research and application of psychology. University, Bursa, Turkey subjective probability was not observed in negative Simply speaking, we can regard PIE as two main We investigated the revelation effect for autobio- outcomes. parts: theoretical and engineering. The former graphic memories under two different conditions: focuses on the psychological methodology based Either one of the words in half of the items of a Life Mere exposure to face increases social attention: on the information technology. The latter strives for Event Inventory (LEI) was presented as an Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Vocal stroop interference effect as revealed in developing practical information system, tools, anagram or an unrelated word was presented as N400 products that aim to accelerating the research and an anagram before half of the LEI items. Partici- Ishii, Keiko Behavioral Science, Hokkaido University, application of psychology. The integration and pants were asked to solve the anagram and then Sapporo, Japan Kobayashi, Yuki Evolutionary Cog interaction of the two parts certainly will lead rate their certainty that the event described in the Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan psychology to a new situation. LEI sentence happened to them before the age of ten. The responses of 92 undergraduate and Kitayama, Shinobu Psychology, University of graduate students showed that solving an anagram Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA A modified paradigm in P300-based lie detection before a sentence did not affect the ratings for any Automatic attention to a partner’s vocal affect is using autobiographical information lists although revealing a word in the sentence by likely to index interpersonal sensitivity in social Hu, Xiaoqing Dept. of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal anagram solution resulted in higher ratings for one interaction. We demonstrated that exposure to a University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China list. schematic face reliably increases this sensitivity. This current study used a modified paradigm of Participants were asked to listen to emotional P300-based lie detection to examine its efficiency. words spoken in emotional tones of voice, and Unlike the previous researches which combined Age differences in work motivation judge the meaning of each word as positive or deceit and recognition together, this paradigm Inceoglu, Ilke The Pavilion, SHL Group Limited, negative while ignoring the attendant vocal tone. separated these two cognitive processes. 14 partici- Thames Ditton, United Kingdom Segers, Jesse Half of the participants viewed schematic faces pants were instructed to press the button by a signal Department of Management, University of Antwerp, during the judgment. As predicted, greater inter- displayed on the screen which indicate ‘‘be honest’’ Antwerpen, Belgium Bartram, Dave Research, SHL ference from vocal tone was found in the face or ‘‘be deceptive’’ after a name. The results showed Group, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom Vloeberghs, condition than in the no-face condition as measured Wednesday 23rd July 2008 497

by response time (Study 1) and electro-encephalo- to test the similarities and differences by canonical the 3 validity scales and 10 clinical scales of the graphy (Study 2). correlation statistic with 200 Thai people. The MMPI and MMPI-2. Comparisons of mean T- results and discussion will be followed in the scores for validity scales and clinical scales showed proceeding. differences on scales L, K, Hs, Pd, Pa, Pt. The Psychoeducational intervention to maintain flow concordance rate for highest scale was 37.8%; for 2 activities in everyday life: Improvement in stress code types, 19.2%. response and affective state Reasoning about spatial and nonspatial relations Ishimura, Ikuo University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan in Nonverbal Learning Disabilities (NLD) Kawai, Hideki C&C Innovation Research La, NEC Jiang, Zhao-ping Philosophical School, Wuhan Comparision of relaxation and respiration Corporation, Ikoma, Japan Kunieda, Kazuo C&C University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China Yu, training in the treatment of headache: The Innovation Research La, NEC Corporation, Ikoma, Guo-liang Research Institute of Psycho, Renmin importance of the cost effectiveness Japan Yamada, Keiji C&C Innovation Research La, University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Jodar, Rafael Psychology, Universidad Comillas, NEC Corporation, Ikoma, Japan Kodama, Masahiro The study investigated the reasoning about spatial Madrid, Spain Prieto, Maria Psychology, Universidad Institute of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, and nonspatial relations in three groups of children Comillas, Madrid, Spain Espinar, Isabel Psychology, Tsukuba, Japan aged 11-14: children with NLD, children with Universidad Comillas, Madrid, Spain Carrasco, Maria The purpose of the study was to examine the verbal learning disabilities (VLD), and children Jose Psychology, Universidad Comillas, Madrid, improvement in stress response and affective state without learning disabilities who served as controls. Spain Oliva, Beatriz Psychology, Universidad by the intervention to increase flow activities for Besides figure-nonspatial problems, the other three Comillas, Madrid, Spain non-autotelic group. Prescreening non-autotelic reasoning tasks (figure-spatial, verbal-spatial, and Despite the well-known success of some behaviour- group (N=28) according to no flow activity in verbal-nonspatial) were four-term series problems. al treatments for management of headache, new everyday life, 15 experiment participants consented The results found the NLD group didn’t differ from approaches with lower training times and higher to execute flow activities in two weeks. After one control group on nonspatial reasoning and experi- adherence are needed. Thus, the main goal of the month interval, intervention group reported more enced specific difficulties with spatial problems. The current study is to study the efficacy of a respiration flow activities than control group. The ANOVAs VLD group developed well in figure-nonspatial training treatment, with higher costs effectiveness, on Depression (Anxiety), Liveliness, and Cogni- problems, but showed deficits in other three tasks. in a sub-clinic sample. Using an experimental tion-thought of helplessness in two groups before The results indicated a dissociation between spatial approach, the respiration procedure, muscular and after intervention showed significant differ- and non-spatial relation reasoning in NLD. relaxation, and placebo condition are compared. ences. The intervention indicates to be important Intensity and frequency of headaches, as well as the for promoting flow activities and improvement in impact of headache in daily life are compared in the stress response and affective state. Distinct brain plasticity and mechanism of three experimental groups. Implications for head- language and perception: A longitudinal case ache treatments are discussed. study The relationship between relational aggression Jin, Hua Center for Studies of Psychol., South China and social intelligence of preschool children Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Social role perceptions in Romanian female Isobe, Miyoshi Meiji University, Kyoto, Japan China Lin, Xueying MR section, Guangzhou Overseas students and a group of eating disordered Relational aggression harms others through da- Chinese Hos, guangzhou, People’s Republic of China patients mage to their relationships. Previous studies suggest Chen, Zhuoming neurology department, Guangzhou Joja, Oltea Clinical Psychology, Institute for that having a high social intelligence could facilitate Overseas Chinese Hos, guangzhou, People’s Republic Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania Berar- Hasigan, the use of such aggressive behavior. This study of China Liu, Shirun MR section, Guangzhou Overseas Anca Clinical Psychology, Institute for Endocrinology, investigated the relationship between relational Chinese Hos, guangzhou, People’s Republic of China Bucharest, Romania aggression and social intelligence among preschool Leng, Ying Center for Studies of Psycholo, South Key words: gender roles, Romanian, female stu- children. The social intelligence of 64 preschool China Normal University, guangzhou, People’s dents, eating disorders The study attempts to children was assessed in terms of their knowledge of Republic of China Wang, Ruiming Center for Studies enlarge the perspective of risk for eating disorders peer relationships and peers’ preference in toys and of Psycholo, South China Normal University, (ED) in Romania, a culture that is progressively in activities by means of an interview using a small guangzhou, People’s Republic of China Zhong, subscribing to Western social norms. We compared scale replica of their classroom and preschoolers’ Weifang Center for Studies of Psycholo, South China 202 young female students and 37 ED patients, figures as props. As expected, the results revealed Normal University, guangzhou, People’s Republic of using a grid questionnaire for social roles. Investi- several differences in social intelligence between China Cai, Mengxian Center for Studies of Psycholo, gated groups displayed significant differences be- relational aggressive and non-aggressive children. South China Normal University, guangzhou, People’s tween the social ideal and and the female gender Republic of China Xu, Guiping Center for Studies of stereotype and they both showed discrepancies between self-image and ideal-self. Students per- Development and evaluation of the Japanese Psycholo, South China Normal University, ceived themselves as more goal oriented and version of the DVD: Bandura’s social cognitive guangzhou, People’s Republic of China Mo, Lei Center feminine and their ideal-self disclosed more career theory: An introduction for Studies of Psycholo, South China Normal related features, as compared to ED patients. Data Itoh, Hideko Research and Development, Nat. Inst University, guangzhou, People’s Republic of China contribute to extending evaluation of promoted Multimedia Education, Chiba, Japan It is well known that children with early brain lesion social models in Eastern Europe. Effects of verbal and visual presentations on can acquire nearly normal cognitive function. learning the DVD, ‘‘Bandura’s social cognitive However, the underlying mechanism of such theory: An introduction,’’ were investigated and plasticity is still unclear. We addressed this question Myself in the mirror: Comparison of Korean and effective Japanese captions were developed. Grad- with multiple methods. 5 years after haematoma Saudi Arabian young women’s self-construction uate students with little knowledge of the theory removal under left endocranium, the 11-year-old while trying on lipstick responded to tests using texts and images. All the boy acquired fully normal vision and basically Joo, Yoon-Keang Worcester, USA topics were rated as interesting. Comprehension normal language skill. MRS data showed the left Self develops in constant interaction with the tests on aggressive modeling, moral disengagement, cortex has less neuron than the right one. FMRI socially meaningful environment. Young women and efficacy, showed high correct responses. Test of data indicated normal activation in left occipital (18-25 years of age) in South Korea and Saudi applying acquired knowledge to daily life revealed area but abnormal one in other left cortex in Arabia were interviewed in an individual experi- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 that the social cognitive theory could be helpful to visually language task. These results suggested mental setting where they first put on a given the participants. These results are discussed in distinct brain plasticity and mechanism of visual lipstick (13 trials with different shades) in front of a relation to the development of learning and perception and language. mirror while explaining their feelings about each instructional guides to increase the effects of the stimulus. Highly differentiated positively valued DVD. Comparison between MMPI and MMPI-2 meaning complexes concerning shades of bright red were found in all cases in Saudi Arabia. Korean Jo, Hye-Seon Dept. of Psychology, Chungbuk women were hesitant to accept comparable colors Prosocial personality, USA vs Buddha teaching, National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea in their social contexts. The results are discussed the similarity and differences Hwang, Soon-Taeg Psychology, Chungbuk National within the cultural psychology of Ernest Boesch Jarernvongrayab, Anu Public Administration, Prince University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea (Fernweh/Heimweh dialectics). of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand Moon, Kyung-Joo Psychology, Maumsarang, The objective of this study was to compare the Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea similarities and differences between prosocial per- The purpose of this study is comparing T-scores of Behavioral and emotional problems of sonality concept that developed in the united state subscales and code types between the MMPI and preschoolers: Results of epidemiological study in and Buddha teaching. The meaning of each concept MMPI-2. MMPI and MMPI-2 were administered Lithuania will be discussed. The researcher hypotheses that to college students(N=156, age=22.8¡2.1) divided Jusiene, Roma General Psychology, Vilnius prosocial personality in Buddha teaching has had two group for counterbalancing the order effect. University, Vilnius, Lithuania Barkauskiene, Rasa wilder meaning than prosocial personality devel- Time interval of administration of two tests was one Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, oped in united state. Two concepts were measured week. Paired T-tests were calculated to compare on Lithuania Bieliauskaite, Rasa General Psychology, 498 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania Bongarzoni- amount of opportunities to form new relationships, individuals with mental retardation by measuring Dervinyte, Asta Institue of Community Health, Vilnius when necessary in a given society/social context". movement time and accuracy. The subjects were University, Vilnius, Lithuania Raiziene, Saule As predicted, participants who found themselves measured on how quickly and accurately they Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, living in a more relationally mobile environment pored liquid into a cup to red line. There were 39 Lithuania made stronger internal, as contrasted with external, individuals without mental retardation and 38 The aim of the present study is to find out the attribution than those in a less mobile environment. individuals with mental retardation in the study. prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems In addition, the subjects were classified according to of children aged 2 to 5 years old in Lithuania. More Development of a Japanese version of the BIS/ the clinical type (Down’s syndrome, autism, and the than one thousand parents and about seven BAS scale other mental retardation) and four types which hundred caregiver-teachers rated the preschoolers‘- Kamide, Hiroko Osaka University, Osaka, Japan added the individuals without mental retardation with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Daibo, Ikuo there compared and examined. (SDQ, Goodman, 1997). The environmental and This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of familial risk and protective factors related to the the BIS(behavioral inhibition system)/BAS(beha- preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems To aggregate or not to aggregate? Subject areas vioral activation system) scale to assessing two (such as parental education, social-economic status, on judgment achievement: A critical meta- general motivational systems that underlie behavior urban vs. rural residence, etc.) are presented and analytic approach and affect. 169 students evaluated a Japanese analyzed. The prevalence of the psychological Kaufmann, Esther Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, GESS, version of the BIS/BAS scale, MAS (Manifest problems is also discussed in the developmental Mannheim, Germany Sjo¨ dahl, Lars Malmo¨ School of anxiety Scale), and MPI (Maudsley Personality and cultural perspective. This study is supported by Education, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Inventory). Factor analysis revealed that the Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation Athanasou, James A. Faculty of Education, University Japanese version of the BIS/BAS scale consisted of Technology, Sydney, Australia Wittmann, Werner of four factors and corresponded to an original W. Department of Psychology, Chair II, Mannheim, Zimbardo time perspective inventory: The scale (Carver and White, 1994). Correlations among Germany adaptation process of the Lithuanian version scales also corresponded to the original result. And Judgment achievement in the framework of SJT Kairys, Antanas Dept. of General Psychology, Vilnius convergent and discriminate validity in the form of (Tucker, 1964) was estimated with the Hunter and University, Vilnius, Lithuania Liniauskaite, Audrone correlations with alternative measures were re- Schmidt method (2004) to correct for errors. 29 Department of Psychology, Klaipeda University, ported. studies, encompassing 1 041 persons who judged 43 Klaipeda, Lithuania tasks were considered. The overall judgment ZPTI is one the mostly used method of time Implicit affect influence and explicit judgments: achievement across different tasks was moderate perspective research which is translated to many Role of reflective system of evaluation (.42), but judgment achievement in different topic languages. The aim of this report is to present the Karwowska, Dorota Dept. of Psychology, University areas varied from a low (.22, psychological science) ZPTI adaptation process in Lithuania and psycho- of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland to a high (.58, other research areas) level. Finally, metric qualities of ZTPI Lithuanian version. The In two studies the impact of implicit affect on the analysis evaluated the influence of single judges, sample consisted of 353 students. The factory judgments was limited by activation of reflective possible moderating factors and critiqued the value analysis that was performed showed that the same system of evaluation. In Study 1, 90 subjects were of a meta-analysis across tasks or separating in factors as in original inventory can be distinguished, randomly assigned to one of two conditions: neutral areas on judgment achievement in SJT. though some items fall to other scales (especially (subjects compared symbols and decided if they many items from Present Fatalistic Scale). Cron- were the same or different); reflective (subjects bach’s alphas range from 0,647 (Present Fatalistic) evaluated ‘‘good and bad’’ aspect of patriotism). In Approaches to direct mailing in fundraising: to 0,813 (Past Negative Scale), these indices from Study 2, we repeated the procedure using different Argumentative structure and image choice original method differ marginally. manipulations. In both Studies ‘‘the affective Keller, Raphaela Inst. fu¨ r Kommunikationswiss., priming paradigm’’ was used as a measure of Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Fahr, Andreas IfKW, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t, Reading the face: Comparing the Facial Action implicit affect influence. The results show less Mu¨ nchen, Germany Brosius, Hans-Bernd IfKW, Coding System (FACS) as a video-based method implicit influence in reflective conditions than in Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t,Mu¨ nchen, Germany and the Electromyogram (EMG) as a neutral and control ones. A two-by-three factorial experiment tested how the biophysiological method argumentative structure and choice of images Kaiser, Anna Inst. fu¨ r Neurowiss. Systeme, Universita¨t Examination of maintenance factors in school influence the affective, cognitive and motivational Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Bu¨ chel, Christian Dep. attendance through text mining reaction of direct-mail recipients. 288 persons were of Systems Neuroscience, University of Hamburg, Kato, Akiko Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda sampled and allocated by quota (sex and age). Two Hamburg, Germany Rose, Michael Dep. of Systems University, Saitma, Japan Katsuragawa, Taisuke different text versions representing two argumenta- Neuroscience, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, tive structures (exemplification vs. base-rate infor- Germany Saitma-Ken Tokorozawa-shi, Japan Kanno, Jun mation) were combined with three different images Facial muscular reactions can be assessed either Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, of a boy in a developing country: One showed the with the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) or Saitma-Ken Tokorozawa-shi, Japan outcome of potential help (positive), another the the Electromyogram (EMG). In the present study, Unlike the traditional concept of truancy support challenging circumstances (negative) and a third these two methods were compared with respect to which focuses on promoting individual’s academic clearly indicated the child’s misery (very negative). their similarities, differences and ability to differ- adaptation abilities and improving academic mal- The findings are interpreted along theoretical entiate basic emotions. Bipolar EMG recordings adjustment, the purpose of this study was to assumptions of the exemplification theory and and video recordings for FACS analysis were investigate the positive factors which promote motivational psychology. Approaches for fundrai- conducted simultaneously while subjects underwent school attendance from a total point of view, sers are derived: Direct mailings with exemplifica- emotion elicitation. Results indicate that EMG is as including environmental adjustment. Combination tions and positive images are particularly reliable as FACS in differentiating both positive of 319 college students participated in a Correspon- and negative emotions and within negative emo- dence analysis along with a questionnaire on the influential. tions. Furthermore, EMG provides additional reason for continuously attending school. As a Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 information on low level changes that are not result, males showed clusters associated with will Implicit learning of semantic category sequences detectable by FACS, a procedure that relies on and growth, while females showed clusters asso- Ketels, Shaw Dept. of Cognitive Science, University of observable changes. ciated with personal relationships and situational Colorado, Boulder, USA Healy, Alice Cognitive control, as the factor for continuous school Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA attendance. Social structure and causal attribution: The Following the work of Goschke and Bolte (2007), influence of relational mobility we isolated implicit learning and application of Kamaya, Kengo Dept. of Behavioral Science, Aimed movement of the arm in individuals with abstract information. Participants watched movies Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Yuki, Masaki the mental retardation: The role of speed - of a cursor clicking on 9, 12, or 15 individual clip Behavioral Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, accuracy trade off art images in a random spatial array. They then Japan Katsuyoshi, Shinya Dept. of Education, University of immediately reproduced the sequences. These se- Prior research has revealed cross-cultural differ- the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan Nagato, Kiyoshi quences were either randomly ordered or consisted ences in attribution styles. East Asians tend to make Education, Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan of items from 5 categories in a repeating order. more external attributions, whereas North Amer- Tanaka, Atsushi Education, Univ. of the Ryukyus, Regardless of instruction condition, participants icans tend to make more internal attributions.. This Okinawa, Japan Ushiyama, Michio Education, Kyoto showed an accuracy advantage when the sequences research aims to unpack the underlying mechanism Univ. of Education, Kyoto, Japan Okuzumi, Hideyuki were determined using a set ordering of categories, of these cultural differences in terms of different Education, Tokyo Gakugei Univ., Tokyo, Japan as compared to randomly generated sequences. The social structures across culture. In particular, we The purpose of this study was to investigate the role results suggest that individuals can acquire and focus on the relational mobility, defined as "the of speed-accuracy in aimed arm movement in apply abstract information implicitly. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 499

Investigating the casual relation ship between end, 21 healthy volunteers performed a high error- The role of imagination in decision making perfectionism, motive achievement, text anxiety rate inducing version of the Simon task comprised Konstantinidis, Andreas Jakovos IPA, Technical and academic achievement of stimuli known to activate a specific region of the University Berlin, Berlin, Germany Jungermann, Kheradmand Mard Del, Khatereh Tehran, Islamic ventral visual stream. By weighting post-error Helmut IPA, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Republic of Iran related hemodynamic responses with individually Germany Abstract The objective of this research is specifying observed degrees of post-error behavioral adjust- People often base their decisions on the anticipated the existing relation among the perfectionism, ments, we found a dissociation between cognitive potential outcomes of the given options and their motive achievement, text anxiety and academic control mechanisms selectively amplifying goal- utilities. Sometimes, however, the presentation of achievement sampling method is random propor- relevant visual attention and inhibiting motor options includes features of the options which seem tional classified The data was studied, using the responses primed by goal-irrelevant spatial infor- to be relevant for the decision outcome although Pierson correlation and the Regression analysis, mation. they are clearly not relevant at all. But the decision with the following results: The positive perfection- makers imagination is stimulated, evoking an extra ism with the mediation of the motive achievement utility which determines their choices. Data from an has a direct relation with the educational develop- Gaze following among toddlers internet-based study with 360 participants support ment. The negative perfectionism with the media- Kishimoto, Takeshi Human Sciences, Osaka this hypothesis and show the specific influence of tion of the test anxiety has an indirect relation with University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Shizawa, Yasuhiro the concreteness and the intensity of the (experi- the motive achievement. The negative perfection Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, mentally evoked) imagination. The findings have with the mediation of the motive achievement Japan Yasuda, Jun Human Sciences, Osaka both theoretical and practical significance for indirectly has an indirect relation with the academic University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Hinobayashi, marketing and advertising. achievement. Toshihiko Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Minami, Tetsuhiro Human Sciences, The neuromotor antecedents of emotion Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan A requirement analysis of study specific We experimentally investigated whether 3-year-old regulation in the face demands: What requirements of ability and toddlers could follow their peers’ gaze. In the Korb, Sebastian CISA, Universite´ de Geneve, Geneve, personality do students need to be successful? experimental trials, an experimenter induced a child Switzerland Grandjean, Didier Faculty of psychology, Khorramdel, Lale Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t CISA/Universite´ de Geneve, Geneve, Switzerland (looker) to look at a doll on display, and observed Wien, Wien, Austria Maurer, Martina Faculty of Scherer, Klaus Faculty of psychology, CISA/Universite´ the reaction of another child (follower) in front of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria de Geneve, Geneve, Switzerland the looker (and not looking at the doll). In the Kubinger, Klaus D. Faculty of Psychology, University One form of emotion regulation is the voluntary control trials, the experimenter displayed the doll in of Vienna, Vienna, Austria suppression of one’s emotional facial expression. By Using Flanagan’s Critical Incident Technique an identical manner when the follower was alone. using Electroencephalography (EEG) and facial different university subjects such as Medicine, The followers followed the gaze of the lookers, Electromyography (EMG) we investigated the Psychology, Sociology, Architecture, Public and looking at the doll in approximately 90% of the neural correlates of spontaneous, posed, and Communication, Mechanical Engineering, Business experimental trials, compared with 20% of the suppressed smiles. In three experimental conditions Administration, Economics, and Law were ana- control. These results indicate that 3-year-olds can healthy participants (1) looked at amusing stimuli lyzed: The aim was to establish the requirements of follow their peers’ gaze. and freely expressed their feelings; (2) looked at ability and personality of adherents for mastering amusing stimuli but suppressed their facial expres- the study specific demands but avoid to drop out. sions; or (3) looked at neutral stimuli while smiling. Perceived caregiver barriers in the management Once these requirements are given, either an Our analyses focused upon the Readiness Potential of children’s asthma: A qualitative study obligatory assessment-based selection could be (RP), which precedes movement-onset. We ex- Knestel, Andrea Institute of Psychology, Syracuse, applied or a qualified consulting could be given, pected to find a RP before all three types of smile. USA Raymond, Kimberly P. Psychology, Syracuse even using self-assessments. Students and persons Preliminary results will be presented. University, Syracuse, USA Fiese, Barbara H. of the academic faculty were interviewed, the Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA respective general results will be given. Research suggests that poor management of a The dual nature of priming: Logic and child’s asthma is associated with higher levels of associations jointly influence indirect measures The relation between popularity and Theory of wheezing, activity limitations, and more missed of evaluation mind in school-age children school days. This study investigated caregiver Kordts, Robert Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Kim, Areum Department of Psychology, Chungbuk barriers in managing a child’s asthma. Primary Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Deutsch, Roland National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea caregivers of 150 children, ages 5 to 12, with mild to Lehrstuhl Psychologie II, University of Wuerzburg, Ghim, Hei-Rhee Department of Psychology, severe asthma, provided narrative responses to a Wuerzburg, Germany Gawronski, Bertram Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of semi-structured interview. Open coding revealed the Department of Psychology, University of Western Korea emergence of five barrier categories: Knowledge, Ontario, London, ON, Canada Strack, Fritz Lehrstuhl This research investigates the relationship between Time, Finances, Healthcare, and Control. With this Psychologie II, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, popularity and Theory of mind in school-age information, healthcare professional and therapists Germany children. Children’s popularity were assessed with will be better equipped to help caregivers develop Previous research found that implicit measures such perceived popularity nominations in a sample of 74 social and emotional coping strategies that will as the affective priming assess only valence associa- fifth, and sixth grade elementary school students. A increase effective asthma management. tions, but not logical reasoning (e.g., negation, sample of 74 children were given measures mind- Deutsch et al., 2006). As there is evidence that reading tasks and social behaviors, Index of implicit measures vary with respect to underlying empathy for Children. Popularity correlated most Decisions below uncertainty: Intuitive and processes (e.g., Gawronski et al., in press), we strongly with their social score, empathy scores, and deliberated decision-making and their looked at a different priming measure, the affective then with their mindreading ability. Theory-of- information processing influenced by the amount misattribution procedure (AMP, Payne et al., mind understanding was related to higher scores of of information 2005). Surprisingly, all other conditions being aggressive behavior for boys and prosocial behavior Komes, Jessica Erfurt, Germany Ulshoefer, Corina equal, the AMP reflects logical reasoning (valence Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 for girls. The results are discussed that being Psychology, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany negation), in contrast to the affective priming perceived boys and girls as popular is a key Geiger, Antje Psychology, University of Erfurt, Gotha, paradigm. We further looked at boundary condi- determinant of social skills. Germany tions: Negation was not reduced by time pressure, This study should clarify the opposed hypotheses but it was reduced by cognitive load. concerning (1) which is the decision-making style – Post-error performance optimization by modulation of goal-relevant information intuition or deliberation – that leads to more Diagnostics of consequences of social processing accurate decisions and (2) which kind of informa- deprivation in early childhood King, Joseph Cognitive Neurology, MPI-CBS, Leipzig, tion processing – heuristic or automatically-holistic Kostadinova, Krasimira Child&School Health Germany von Cramon, D.Y. Cognitive Neurology, – serve which kind of decision-making style. 49 Protection, Nation.Center PublicHealthProt, Sofia, MPI-CBS, Leipzig, Germany Ullsperger, Markus subjects estimated the prices of menus using Paper- Bulgaria Cognitive Neurology, MPI Neurological Research, Pencil-Method and a computer animated presenta- Creating tools for measurement of the conse- Ko¨ ln, Germany tion; while manipulating decision-making styles and quences of social deprivation in young children The neural mechanisms underlying the reinstate- the amount of information. The results, using One- reared in risk environment is important in over- ment of goal-directed behavior following error way-ANOVA (GLM with repeated measurement), coming them. Objective: To establish approach, commission are relatively unknown. The current indicate that intuitive decisions are preferable, and dimensions, diagnostic proceedings for assessment fMRI study tested the hypothesis that post-error that the amount of information and experience are of social deprivation process and result. The study performance is optimized by top-down modulation influential on the accuracy of decision making and covered 266 infants, 120 toddlers, 142 caregivers in of goal-relevant information processing. To this on the selection of information processing method. institutions applying Developmental scale, experi- 500 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

mental assessment of relationships with adults and The Janus face of self-selection and self- Effects of the number and the order of syllables in peers, case study, longitudinal observation, JSS of generation in source monitoring: Early abilities the articulatory suppression effect Spielberger, MBI, and others. The results show a and late inabilities in 3-, 4- and 5-year-old children Kroneisen, Meike Lehrstuhl fu¨ r Psychologie III, delayed mental development and leading activities, Kraus, Uta Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ t zu Kiel, Univerita¨ t Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Kiel, Germany Koehnken, Guenter Inst. fu¨r Erdfelder, Edgar Lehrstuhl fu¨ r Psychologie III, typical somatic symptoms, deprived personality Psychologie, Universita¨ t zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany Universita¨ t Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany development, and related social characteristics. Source attributions to real-person-sources were Short-term memory is known to deteriorate if Social deprivation in early childhood is a compli- examined. Forty-eight children (M=38, M=45, irrelevant syllables are articulated during retention. cated phenomenon and needs personality-based M=56, M=65) were presented 4 sticker book pages. The working memory model posits that this complex diagnostic method. On each page, two person-sources (child-adult/ articulatory suppression (AS) effect is unaffected child-child) per source term (reality-monitoring by what is being articulated. We tested whether the number of syllables (0 to 4) and their order (word- familiar; realty-monitoring unfamiliar; external; The psychological effects of horticutural therapy like vs. inverted sequences) affects the strength of on aged people that was implemented every day internal source monitoring) chose two wildlife- the AS effect on immediate serial recall of letter concentrically stickers, pasted them into the book and described sequences. The AS effect increased with number of Koura, Sigo Occupational, Kyushu University of H&W, what each animal was doing. Source recall was syllables and was smaller for word-like sequences of Nobeoka, Miyazaki-Prif., Japan Ogawa, Noriyuki examined immediately afterwards. Results showed three or more syllables. Results are most parsimo- Occupational, Kyushu University of H&W, Nobeoka, source attributions above chance in all age groups niously explained by assuming that the episodic Miyazaki-Prif., Japan Oshikawa, Takeshi in the reality-monitoring terms and in the external buffer supports retention of verbal information Occupational, Kyushu University of H&W, Nobeoka, terms in older 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds (t-tests). under AS. Miyazaki-Prif., Japan An attempt was made to develop a geriatric care Results indicate that children conceptualized the internal sources as a sole source and failed to technique characterized and investigate the psycho- The effects of task instruction on P300 amplitude attribute them correctly. logical effects by the use of horticultural therapy in a concealed information test Kubo, Kenta Graduate School of Integrated, that stimulates the senses in nursing homes. The Hiroshima university, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan Because it matters to me: Differential emotion effects of every day activities on horticultural Nittono, Hiroshi Integrated Arts and Sciences, elicitation by experimental manipulation of self- therapy evaluation sheet, the face scales and PGC Hiroshima university, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan relevance and goal conduciveness appraisals morale scales were improved more than every week Event-related brain potentials were recorded in a Kreibig, Sylvia D. Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t activities. Even if the object person and clients concealed information test to examine the effect of Genf, Geneva, Switzerland Gendolla, Guido H. E. task instruction. Eighteen participants selected one changed, it was suggested that horticultural therapy Dep’t of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, activities be suitable as a nursing care for elderly playing card from five and were told that the Switzerland Scherer, Klaus R. Dep’t of Psychology, experimenter would detect the card on the basis of people technology because neither atmosphere nor University of Geneva and Swiss, Geneva, Switzerland their physiological responses. In the suppress the smile changed. These results suggested that Based on Scherer’s (2001) Component Process condition, participants were instructed to make horticultural therapy for aged people improved Model and Gendolla’s (2004) elaboration of Moti- their responses smaller to leave the card undetected. psychological and behavioral aspects. vational Intensity Theory, we investigated the In the enhance condition, they were instructed to prediction that motivation-based appraisals differ- make their responses larger to allow the experi- entially determine emotional responding. Partici- menter to detect the selected card. Regardless of the Individual differences in decision making about pants’ appraisal of self-relevance (low/high) and instruction type, the P300 amplitude was signifi- investing money for future pension goal conduciveness (low/high) was experimentally cantly larger for the selected card than for the not- Kovalev, Yuri Dept. of Psychology, St. Petersburg selected cards. University, St. Petersburg, Russia manipulated using the success-failure manipulation Objectives – main goal of research was - how (Nummenmaa & Niemi, 2004). Self-report indi- different people make decision about investing cated increased disappointment and embarrassment Comparison of identification procedures for pension money in governmental asset management in the high-self-relevance/low-goal-conduciveness intellectually gifted preschool children company (with low income) or private asset condition and increased amusement and pride in Kuger, Susanne BiKS-Forschungsgruppe, Universita¨t Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany Ebert, Susanne BiKS management company (with high income). Meth- the high self-relevance/high-goal-conduciveness condition. Autonomic nervous system reactivity research group, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, ods – was used original questionnaire designed for showed sympathetic discharge in response to self- Germany Dubowy, Minja BiKS research group, Russian sample and socioeconomic data. Partici- University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany Weinert, relevance manipulation and respiratory and facial pants 76 male and 83 female in age 28-32 with Sabine BiKS research group, University of Bamberg, expressive changes in response to goal-conducive- higher education (half in economics and half in Bamberg, Germany ness manipulation. Implications of results regarding humanities); Results - the evidence of this study Regarding concept and realization, integrative and motivational processes in emotion elicitation are suggests that not type of education but sex and comparable research about early intellectual gifted- discussed. ness and its adequate promotion is rare. Identifica- marital status should dictate choice for people. tion procedures for scientific and educational Conclusions - decision about most conservative purposes are commonly based on Spearman’s Prevalence of disturbed eating behaviour in girls investment is most typical for married men and theory of a general factor of intelligence or else on with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and the women. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences some- influence of disturbed eating behaviour on times expressed as ’cognitive profiles’. Using data of metabolic control (HbA1c) 547 children in the longitudinal study BiKS-3-8, Kristensen, Lene Juel Dept. of Psychology, University Comparison of typological and dimensional which surveys children and their environments of A˚ rhus, A˚ rhus C., Denmark Thastum, Mikael approaches in business focused measurement of (family and preschool) from their entry to pre- Department of psychology, University of A˚ rhus, personality school, this analysis compares different identifica-

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 A˚ rhus C., Denmark Schnieber, Anette Department of Kru¨ ger, Claudia Zentrum fu¨ r Testentwicklung, tion procedures and their validation throughout psychology, University of A˚ rhus, A˚ rhus C., Denmark Universita¨t Fribourg, Granges-Paccot, Switzerland one year. Results will be discussed focusing on Mose, Anne Hvarregaard Departments of Paediatrics, Based on the widespread agreement on the Five implications for the educational practice. Factor Model as dimensional approach to person- Aarhus University Hospital, A˚ rhus N., Denmark ality, research on typological approaches has Birkebæk, Niels Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, A˚ rhus N., Denmark Functions of autobiographical remembering in increased recently. This study focuses on the merit Girls with diabetes mellitus (DM) (N = 21, age 11- situational and cultural contexts of this perspective for occupational personality 17 years) completed measures of objective over- Kulkofsky, Sarah HDFS, Texas Tech University, assessment. The BIP-6F (Business Focused Inven- eating episodes (OOE) and objective bulimic Lubbock, USA Wang, Qi Human Development, tory of Psychology - 6 Factors; Hossiep & Kru¨ger, episodes (OBE) from the EDE-Q. Data regarding Cornell University, Ithaca, USA Hou, Yubo in prep.) measures 6 global dimensions of person- metabolic control (HbA1c) were obtained through Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, USA ality, relevant in the professional context. Using the a national diabetes register. 41 % of the girls had The present research examined functions of re- membering across situational and cultural contexts. BIP-6F, personality types are extracted from a one or more episodes of OOE, and 29 % had one or working sample (N=3169) and compared to Big- In study 1, European-American and Asian-Amer- more episodes of OBE in the preceding month. ican undergraduates described memories in two Five based cluster solutions. The criterion validity Significant higher HbA1c were found among girls hypothetical contexts: thinking about an event of types compared to dimensions is tested and with than without episodes of OOE (9.1 versus 8.1, alone, or sharing an event with friends. In study incremental insights using the typological approach p = .033), and among girls with than without 2, European-American and Chinese students re- are presented. episodes of OBE (9.4 versus 8.1, p = .013). ported memories in response to cue-words. For Wednesday 23rd July 2008 501

each memory students reported when and why they the menstrual cycle are assessed and correlated with The Lee cross-cultural anxiety dream scale: An thought about and talked about the memory. In neuropsychological functions on the one hand and extended study both studies, students reported remembering for electrical brain activation during emotional proces- Lee, Sang-Bok Pastoral Counseling Graduate, social, directive, and self functions. Situational and sing on the other hand. Preliminary results will be Kangnam University, Yongin, Republic of Korea cultural contexts influenced the functions that were This study analyzed anxiety dream scale as presented. reported. The results are discussed in light of the represented in dream contents of both 476 Korean influence of context on remembering. college students and 165 Korean-American college Sexual behaviour, drug abuse and tobacco abuse students. A total of 258 dreams were collected and among the street children evaluated by using the Lee Cross-cultural Dream Cross-correlation functions demonstrate offset Scale, for which the intensity of anxiety was coded. effects in the covariance of endocrine and Lamsal, Shyam Community Health Nursing, B. P. A two-sample t test on the Lee Cross-cultural subjective-psychological responses to Koirala Inst. of Health, Dharan, Nepal Walia, Indarjit Anxiety Dream Scale means (Korean Group: psychosocial stress Community Health Nursing, Post Grad Inst od Med Edu and, Chandigarh, India M=1.8; Korean American Group: M=2.4) showed Kumsta, Robert School of Psychology, University of Among the 100 children, Forty-two subjects had significant difference between the two groups Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (p,0.001). Two-sample t test on anxiety by gender Schlotz, Wolff School of Psychology, University of sexual exposure at various age with either girlfriend or prostitute in which two subjects were homo- (Female: M=2.3/ Male: M=1.8) was significant Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (p,0.01). The author designed this scale to explore sexual. Seventy subjects were substance/s abusers, Entringer, Sonja Psychiatry and Human Behavior, cross-cultural comparisons of anxiety dream scales. University of Irvine, Orange, USA Jones, Alexander which included 49 alcohol abusers, 48 smokers, 42 MRC Epidemiology Resource Cent, University of tobacco chewers, 3 injectable drug abusers and 51 Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom various other types of substance/s abusers. Majority Context-dependency of information as a function Hellhammer, Dirk Department of Psychobiology, of task experience of the children were uncertain about the amount University of Trier, Trier, Germany Wu¨ st, Stefan Leon, Samuel P. Psychology, University of Jaen, and frequency of the substance/s they abuse except Department of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Jaen, Spain Ramos Alvarez, Manuel Miguel Dept. of Trier, Germany the tobacco chewers where majority i.e. 28 chew one Psychology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain Abad, Although stress response theories typically assume or two packets of tobacco per week. Maria J.F. Psychology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain substantial correlations of psychological and endo- Rosas, Juan M. Psychology, University of Jaen, Jaen, crine stress responses, studies of psycho-endocrine Spain Explaining the entrepreneurial intentions of covariance produced inconsistent results. To exam- young people: A cross-cultural study Attentional theories of learning and memory ine if this is due to different dynamics of the suggest that there is a reversal relationship between Lanero, Ana Social Psychology, Faculty of systems, we repeatedly and synchronously mea- the experience with the task and the attention Psychology, Salamanca, Spain Sa´nchez, Jose´C. sured hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis participants pay to the context. A human instru- Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, activity and tense and energetic arousal in response mental conditioning experiment was conducted in Salamanca, Spain Villanueva, Jose´J.Social to a psychosocial laboratory stressor in 221 which the influence of the training level (3, 5 or 8 Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Salamanca, Spain subjects. Cross-correlation analyses showed signifi- trials) on the magnitude of the context-switch effect Yurrebaso, Amaia Social Psychology, Faculty of cant time lagged correlations of tense arousal with was evaluated. Performance was impaired by the Psychology, Salamanca, Spain HPA-axis responses. These results demonstrate context switch only after 3 training trials. Experi- The aim of this study was to analyze the differences offset effects in the covariance of psycho-endocrine ence with an incidental context seems to lead stress responses and suggest that analyses of between Spanish and Mexican young people in participants to stop paying attention to it, and to psycho-endocrine covariance need to take different entrepreneurial intentions and other psychological quit using the context as a relevant factor for their dynamics of response systems into account. variables frequently linked with entrepreneurship, performance in the task. such as entrepreneurial self-efficacy, risk-taking Depression association between dysmenorrhea propensity and proactiveness. We collected self- The psychometric properties of the Depression- and menstrual distress in adolescence girls report data from 150 Spanish and 165 Mexicans, all Happiness Scale short-form and the Oxford Kuo, Chin-Jung College of Public Health, of them University students. MANOVA was Happiness Questionnaire short-form among Environmental Health, Taichung, Taiwan Kuo, Hsien- carried out in order to prove cross-cultural differ- Slovak students Wen College of Public Health, Environmental Health, ences in entrepreneurial intentions and the other Lewis, Christopher Alan School of Psychology, Taichung, Taiwan psychological variables. According to expected, University of Ulster at Magee, Londonderry, United Abstract Objective?We investigated the relationship Mexicans showed higher levels of entrepreneurial Kingdom Adamovova´ , Lucia Institute of Experimental between levels of depression and primary dysme- Psyc, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava,, Slovak intentions, self-efficacy, risk-taking propensity and norrheal among adolescent girls. Method?Cross- Republic sectional study design was performed a senior high proactiveness than Spanish. The study suggests Objectives: To facilitate cross-cultural research in school in Taiwan. All subject (n=680) were inter- several ways of promoting self employment, spe- the psychology of happiness, the present aim was to viewed using a questionnaire including 18 Moos cially directed to Spanish university students. examine the psychometric properties of the Slovak Menstrual Distress question (MMDQ) and the translation of the 6-item Depression-Happiness Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale Scale and the 8-item short-form of the Oxford The relationship among creativity, motivation (CES-D). Results?A significant effect of depression Happiness Questionnaire. Method: A sample of 151 and well-being of children status on the MMDQ score was found using a Slovak university students completed the two Lee, Mina Child Education and Psychology, Sung logistic regression model adjusted for covariance. translated measures. Results: Support was found Kyun Kwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Um, Conclusion?The data show that association dose- for the internal reliability, unidimensionality and Jee-Hong Child Education and Psychology, depended between depression status and MMDQ convergent validity of the two translated measures. SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea score. Conclusions: These results suggest that both of Choe, In-Soo Child Education and Psychology, these short measures could be commended for SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea further use among Slovak respondents when a brief

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 The purpose of this study was to investigate the Relationship between gonadal steroids and brain measure of happiness is required. Limitations of the activation patterns during emotion processing in relationship among motivation (intrinsic, material, present study are discussed. women social), creativity (creative thinking, creative per- Lamplmayr, Elisabeth Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, sonality) and well-being (emotional, social, psycho- Importance of ratings in self-estimated Universita¨ t Wien, Wien, Austria Kryspin-Exner, Ilse logical). ‘Motivation scale’(Choe,2002), ‘Creativity Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Wien, intelligence: A means of validation? Inventory for young Students’(Choe, 2005) and Austria Bauer, Herbert Faculty of Psychology, Lewis, Christopher Alan School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria Derntl, Birgit ‘Well-being scale’(Keyes, 2005) were administered University of Ulster at Magee, Londonderry, United Klinik fu¨ r Psychiatrie und Psy, Universita¨ tsklinikum to 155 6th grade elementary students. Correlation Kingdom Cruise, Sharon Mary Department of Aachen RW, Aachen, Germany analysis demonstrated that intrinsic motivation and Psychology, University of Chester, Chester, United Findings concerning sex differences in neuropsy- material motivation, but not social motivation, Kingdom chological functions are contradictory. One possible were significantly related to creativity and well- Objectives: Previous research has examined the explanation for these inconsistencies is the influence being. Also, creativity was significantly related to influence of beliefs about intelligence on how of gonadal steroids on neural functions. In females individuals estimate their own intelligence. How- emotional and psychological well-being except gonadal steroids underlie profound fluctuations. ever, no research has examined importance ratings Different levels across the menstrual cycle could social one. Using multiple regression analysis, of self-estimates of intelligence as a means of either cause or mask sex differences in neuropsy- intrinsic motivation, material motivation and crea- validating self-ratings. Method: 455 participants chological functions and brain activation. In the tivity revealed a significant contribution to the provided self-estimates in ten domains of intelli- present study hormone levels at different points in prediction of psychological well-being. gence, and rated the degree to which they endorsed 502 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

the importance of each domain of intelligence. The development and validation of the Chinese Children’s conceptions of death and suicide Results: Correlation analyses indicated small to clinical multi-axial inventory Lin, Siu-Fung Dept. Applied Social Studies, City moderate significant positive associations between Li, Xixi Department of Psychology, Chinese University University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China, People’s importance ratings and self-estimates of domains of of HK, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : Hong Republic of : Hong Kong SAR Yuen, Tracy Applied intelligence. Conclusion: These findings attest to the Kong SAR Leung, Freedom Department of Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong, role of importance as a means of establishing the Psychology, Chinese University of HK, Hong Kong, Kowloon, China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR construct validity of self-estimated intelligence. China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Irreversibility, nonfunctionality, and universality of Large scale self-report personality inventory is the Death and the concept of suicide are considered most frequently used tool in psychological assess- understood by most children by age 7-10 years. A The test and revision of Hewitt Multi– ment. However, there has not yield an indigenous total of forty 4 to 5-year-olds and 7-8 year olds were dimensional Perfectionism Scale for Chinese and theoretically sound clinical instrument for college students recruited to examine whether education programme Chinese clinicians. The present study intends to would foster the development of death concept and Li, Na Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, develop the Chinese Clinical Multiaxial Inventory thus affect children’s attitude towards suicidal Qufu, People’s Republic of China Li, Jianwei Faculty (CCMI) that corresponds closely to modern con- behaviour in later life. A local popular video clip of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, People’s ceptualization of psychopathology with the multi- Republic of China extracted from an animation ‘‘My life as McDull’’ axial DSM system. The CCMI is designed to assess: 1959 college students were tested, and then the was used for exploring the concept of death among exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was 1) Axis-I clinical symptoms; 2) Axis-II disordered very young children in HK while a short story ‘‘The applied to the data, at last the a coefficients, 1 personality features; and 3) psychosocial adjust- poisonous apple’’ was used to investigate children’s month interval test-retest reliabilities and other ment. The reliability and construct validity of the dis/approval of killing oneself. factors were computed. The revised Scale consisted CCMI scales will be examined and the standardiza- of 15 items, and explained 49.55? of the variance tion will be conducted using a large data-set of psychiatric and normal samples. The compilation of perfectionism scale for with loading between 0.49,0.77. And Chinese adolescents and youths x2,RMSEA,NFI,CFI,GFI met requirements of Lin, Yanyan Faculty of Education, Jining University, psychological assessment. The a coefficients of the PTSD and chronic pain: Development, Jining, Jingning, People’s Republic of China Li, scale and sub–scales and test-retest reliabilities were maintenance and comorbidity Jianwei Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal over 0.65. The revised Scale for Chinese college Liedl, Alexandra BZFO, Berlin, Germany Knaevelrud, University, Qufu, People’s Republic of China students is more suitable for use among the native Christine Research Department, Center for Torture We compiled a Native Perfectionism Scale for students. Victims, Berlin, Germany Chinese adolescents and youths that fits the Chinese Objectives: In addition to Posttraumatic Stress cultural background. The Scale consisted of 38 Effects of 1+2 training pattern for phonemic Disorder (PTSD) 30-80% of traumatized indivi- items, six subscales?Perfect Expectation, Personal awareness on English words decoding duals also suffer from chronic pain1. Methods: A Standards, Concerns with Mistakes and Doubts, Li, Tsingan School of Psychology, Beijing Normal review of the current literature on mechanisms of Organization, Introspection, Parents9 Expectation University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Li, Xin development, maintenance and comorbidity of and Control?. Factor analysis indicated that the six Cui School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PTSD and chronic pain will be provided. Results: factors explain 55.35? of the variance with loading Beijing, People’s Republic of China Lin, Chongde Based on the review the ’’Perpetual Avoidance between 0.52,0.82.The seven subscales had inter- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Model‘‘ was developed. Consequential treatment nal consistencies with split-half reliabilities Beijing, People’s Republic of China implications will be presented. Conclusions: The 0.78,0.87,Cronbach’s alphas 0.82,0.92, and test- To investigate effects of 1+2 training for phonemic presented model helps to understand the develop- retest reliabilities of 0.80,0.91?p,0.01?. The Scale awareness on English words decoding, a pretest- ment and maintenance of these two disorders and is well practical. posttest comparison group quasi-experimental de- the way how they interact, which is of crucial sign was adopted, 89 grade 3 pupils were assigned importance for treatment. 1 Otis JD, Keane TM, Hydration and cognitive performance of to three groups: Scheme A, Scheme B and Kerns RD (2003) An examination of the relations- secondary school children comparison groups. Schemes A and B were ship between chronic pain and posttraumatic stress Ling, Jonathan Dept. of Psychology, Keele University, characterized by integrated training of phonemic disorder. J Rehabil Res Dev 40:397-406 Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom Stephens, awareness with phonetic symbol and letter-sound Richard Psychology, Keele University, Newcastle- correspondences (1+2), nonetheless, Scheme A Mobile phones use in classroom activities: A under-Lyme, United Kingdom Hodges, Katie involved phonemic segmentation and blending, psycho-social educational approach Psychology, Keele University, Newcastle-under- whereas Scheme B involved phonemic identifica- Lyme, United Kingdom tion, segmentation, blending, deletion and substitu- Ligorio, Maria Beatrice Psychology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy Tateo, Luca Education Sciences, University Objectives: Research has suggested a relationship tion. It was found that both Schemes A and B could significantly enhance decoding skills, however, of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy between hydration and cognitive performance. there was no significant differences between two The contribution presents a positive model of While evidence for this relationship is robust for Schemes. mobile phones use in educational context, based adults, the data for children is unconvincing. on empirical evidences of technologies supporting Methods: The cognitive performance of children reflexive thinking, meta-cognition and collaborative hydrated with 500ml of water was compared with The inactivation of the basolateral amygdala problem solving into classroom activities. Within a those hydrated with 50ml of water in a randomised disrupts contextual, but not discrete cue EU funded project, 40 high school students have cross-over design. After a short interval, children conditioned association in morphine-induced cue been involved in a collaborative problem solving completed 4 tests measuring cognitive function. preference activity and asked to video-record the relevant Results: Performance on 3 of 4 tests was improved Li, Jie KLMH, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, moments of the work with their own mobile in the 500ml hydration condition compared to the People’s Republic of China Wu, Yan KLMH, Institute of phones. The videos constitute the stimulus for a control (p,.002). Conclusions: Increased hydration Psychology,CAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China classroom discussion which have been video re- in children can lead to improvements in perfor- Li, Yonghui KLMH, Institute of Psychology,CAS, corded and analyzed by researchers. Results show mance, specifically short- and long-term memory

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Beijing, People’s Republic of China Sui, Nan KLMH, that mobile technology can effectively support and executive function. Institute of Psychology,CAS, Beijing, People’s collaborative learning activities. Republic of China The authors examined the effects of the basolateral Effect of epistemic motives on group creativity amygdala (BLA) in morphine related contextual Race, culture and psychotherapy under different cultures and discrete cue conditioning. The apparatus for Lijtmaer, Ruth Ridgewood, USA Liou, Shyhnan Dept. of Labor Relations, National conditioned cue preference paradigm was consisted In the US, race and culture are used stereotypically; Chung Cheng Uni., Chia-Yi, Taiwan of three compartments (contextual conditioning) or therefore we have chasms that go unacknowledged. This study proposes that need for cognitive one compartment (discrete cue conditioning). Prior Therapists may misjudge the verbalizations of the closure(NFC)influence group creativity under dif- to conditioning sessions rats received intra-BLA patient, attributing the patient’s behavior only to ferent cultures through dual routes which include injections of lidocaine. Time in the morphine-paired pathology if they are unaware of the significance of promoting group centrism and motivating cultural side minus saline-paired side was analyzed by using race and culture in people’s lives. Even if both conformity. Experiment 1 tests the effects of NFC two-way analyses of variance. The results show members of the dyad are of similar background, we on divergent and convergent performance of group BLA inactivation selectively impaired acquisition of cannot take the patient’s conflicts for granted. The creativity under different cultures (interdependent context-morphine association without interfering clinician’s ethnic biases and psychodynamic beliefs vs. independent) (H1 & H2). Experiment 2 exam- with discrete cue-morphine association. These influence identifying what is pathological and ines the moderating function of dissent expression observations are compatible with the view that consequently the therapeutic process. The presenta- (promote divergent thinking, H3)and transforma- BLA contributes to contextual, but not elemental tion will focus on the challenges therapist’s face tional leadership(promote divergent and convergent conditioning in fear conditioning. when working with patients different from them. thinking, H4)on NFC effects, thus functional Wednesday 23rd July 2008 503

dissociate those dual routes. Results support H1 to ings. But on the other hand more health related The fundamental aim of this research is to analyse H3, and H4 partially. approaches focussing on individual ressources psychology students’ skills to read and interpret might be more accepted by the focus group and graphic information, and more concretely: to the social partners. Progressive Workplace Health analyse the possible differences between recognition The study of emotional intelligence and Management allows for both approaches. The interaction between peers for elementary (selection) and interpretation of graphs and to results of several employee attitude surveys in the students study the influence of familiarity with graph’s public sector (n N 17.000) are presented and show Lo, Pin-Hsin and Counseling, Dept. of Education. content (psychological-non psychological), in rela- in which way the approaches are combined. They Psychology, Taipei, Taiwan tion with the participant’s amount of instruction in provide support for a modern interpretation of We try to edit a scale to evaluate the interactions psychology. We found significative differences reliable psychological knowledge. among schoolchildren, and then to explore the according to the following variables: familiarity relationship between schoolmates’ interaction and with content; kind of task (selection/ interpretation) emotional intelligence. We use questionnaire for The importance of the type of information in the and instruction level of participants. 1393 elementary students. Data gathered is pro- misinformation paradigm cessed with "confirmatory factor analysis", "relia- Luna, Karlos Basic Psychological Processes, Univ. of Dimensionality and correlates of the social bility analysis", "one-way MANOVA", and "t-test". the Basque Country, San Sebastia´n, Spain Migueles, dominance orientation scale on Croatian sample Malen Basic Psychological Processes, Univ of the We find: First, schoolgirls interact more positively, Maricic, Jelena Institute of Social Sciences, Zagreb, compared with schoolboys. Second, the develop- Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastia´ n, Spain Croatia Franc, Renata Psychology, Institute of social ment of positive and negative interaction between Using the misinformation paradigm we investigated sciences, Zagreb, Croatia Sakic, Vlado Psychology, peers for the sixth grade is more obvious than other the type of contents that are more conducive to Institute of social sciences, Zagreb, Croatia grades. Third, schoolchildren who score high in generating false memories. In three experiments the The aim of the study is to explore structure and emotional intelligence interact more positively with participants watched a video about a bank robbery correlates of the SDO Scale on Croatian nationally each other than those who score low in emotional and received false misinformation through a ques- representative sample (N=1004). Factor and corre- intelligence. tionnaire. The misinformation could be about an lational analysis, and ANOVAs were conducted. action or a detail (Exp. 1), central or peripheral Results confirm two-dimensional factor structure, information (Exp. 2) and high or low typicality Attention modifies gender differences in face named oppositions to equality and group-based (Exp. 3). In general, there were more false alarms recognition dominance. Opposition to equality is higher among with details, with peripheral information and with Love´ n, Johanna Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research males, less religious and right politically orientated high typicality contents. This results suggest the Center, Stockholm, Sweden Rehnman, Jenny people (p,0,01). Higher group-based dominance importance of the type of information in the Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, creation of false memories with ecological materi- orientation is more characteristic for low income Stockholm, Sweden Herlitz, Agneta Karolinska als. group and low education level, older age (p,0,01), Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden and males (p,0,05). Results are discussed in Women recognize more faces than men do. This relations to Croatian social context and to results advantage is more prominent for female faces and The development of Adolescent Authentic from previous studies about SDO scale in different may depend on women directing more attention to Happiness Questionnaire countries. female than to male faces. To assess this, partici- Luo, Yueh-Chuan National Taiwan Unversity, Taipei, pants completed two face recognition tasks: one Taiwan Lin, Yicheng Department Psychology, with full and one with divided attention at National Taiwan Unversity, Taipei, Taiwan How are we including our pupils with Emotional encoding. Gender differences, favouring women, Based on the model of authentic happiness (Selig- and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD)? were reduced when attention was divided, as man, 2000), this study aims to develop adolescent Martin, Ana Educational Psychology, Universidad compared to the full attention condition. Prelimin- authentic happiness questionnaire. Taiwan Adoles- Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Martin, Elena ary results suggest that gender differences for cent Authentic Happiness Questionnaire was devel- Educational Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de female faces vary as a function of the degree of oped with 978 subjects recruited from five junior Madrid, MADRID, Spain Sandoval, Marta Educational available attention. Thus, women may attend more and senior high schools. The principal component Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, to female than to male faces, resulting in more analysis with Varimax rotation and confirmatory MADRID, Spain accurate recognition. factor analysis were used to examine the factor The aim of this study is to understand the problems structure of the scale. The results showed that 18 faced by the educative system in Madrid when items were grouped into 4 dimensions: self-actua- trying to include pupils with EBD (Wagner et al., Can ‘‘less’’ be ‘‘more’’ in group decision making? lization, altruistic happiness, interpersonal relation- 2006; Clough et al., 2005). The method used Luan, Shenghua School of Social Sciences, Singapore ship, and family happiness, that accounted for combines questionnaires that assess characteristics Management Univ., Singapore, Singapore 53?of the total variance explained. All of the18 and resources of schools and individual variables, Katsikopoulos, Konstantinos Human Development, items had factor loadings higher than .40 and which are answered by pupils, their parents, Max Planck Institute, Berlin, Germany Reimer, external validities were pretty good. teachers, school counsellors, head teachers and Torsten Communications, University of Maryland, professionals from Mental Health Services; and College Park, Maryland, USA focus groups with a smaller sample. Some of the We compared the decision performance of two Career choice and apprenticeship. Do migrant obstacles described by participants are: lack of groups in this study: one with members using the and native students differ? training, difficulties in collaboration with external Take-the-best (TTB) strategy and the other with Mu¨ ller, Romano Inst. fu¨ r Bildungspsychologie, services, or negative attitudes towards their inclu- members using the Minimalist (MIN) strategy. Pa¨ dagog. Hochschule Bern, Bern, Switzerland While TTB requires members to have precise Six independent variables were supposed to be of sion. Guidelines for educative-policies are offered. knowledge about the task environment, MIN importance for the vocational process of adoles- requires them to know nothing. It turned out that cents from different cultural background, SES and Differential outcomes: Improving memory in five the ignorant MIN group can beat the knowledge- sex: educational prerequisites; intelligence; voca- and seven-year-old children able TTB group in environments where information tional goals, self-efficacy; proximal barriers and Martinez, Lourdes Neurociencias y CC de la Salud, is more evenly distributed among the cues. More- support. The dependent variable was defined by

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Universidad de Almeria, Almeria, Spain Plaza, over, this group-level less-is-more effect will be ‘‘level of the assigned profession’’. Variables were Victoria Neurociencias y CC de la Salud, Universidad magnified when group size is large, knowledge has modelled following the guidelines of the socio- de Almerı´a, Almerı´a, Spain Ortega, Elena to be acquired through learning, and cues’ informa- cognitive career theory SCCT. An electronic ques- Neurociencias y CC de la Salud, Universidad de tion is subject to errors. tionnaire was submitted to 5201 apprentices in 64 Almerı´a, Almerı´a, Spain Fuentes, Luis Psicologı´a professions (Swiss-natives: 4208; migrants: 993; age: Ba´ sica y Metodologı´, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 19;2). Analyses by SEM. Independently of cultural, Industrial psychology in the (sometimes) Spain F. Este´ vez, A´ ngeles Neurociencias y CC de la social background and sex 48% of the variance of contradictory context of workplace- and lifestyle- Salud, Universidad de Almerı´a, Almerı´a, Spain the assigned level of profession can be explained by enhancement Until recently, no one had explicitly addressed the the SCCT-model. The impact of proximal variables Lueken, Kai Prevention, Unfallkasse Rheinland-Pfalz, issue of whether the differential outcomes proce- remains negligible. Apprentices from a migrant Andernach, Germany Simon, Wenke Prevention, dure (DOP) might improve memory performance in background are disadvantaged. Unfallkasse Rheinland-Pfalz, Andernach, Germany humans. To explore this issue, in the present study Stoewesandt, Antje Prevention, Unfallkasse children were trained on a conditional discrimina- Rheinland-Pfalz, Andernach, Germany Students’ handling of graphs in university tion task and then they were tested after 1 day, 1 Industrial psychological research traditionally re- Marı´n Oller, Cristina San Sebastia´ n de Los Reyes, hour and 1 week from this training phase. The sorts to workplace enhancement methods. On the Spain Pe´ rez Echeverrı´a, Marı´a del Puy Psicologı´a results indicated that participants showed higher one hand it is obvious that activities focussing the Ba´ sica, Universidad Auto´ noma de Madrid, Madrid, performance and persistence of learning when DO working conditions are in the long term more Spain Postigo Ango´ n, Yolanda Psicologı´a Ba´ sica, were arranged. This finding demonstrated that the effective and efficient than behavior-related train- Universidad Auto´ noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain use of the DOP facilitate long-term memory in 504 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

children and suggest its use as aid to memory in The effects of treatments of urination disorders on duration. The present experiment aimed at deter- people with memory impairments. mental and psychological states of the patients and mining electrocortical correlates of such an effect. their families were investigated. The research Twelve participants estimated the duration of showed that burdens of nursing cares by families neutral and negative sounds varying in arousal Suppression of the pain experience enhances included a lot of mental factors. The results interpretation biases of ambiguous stimuli level, when attending to time and when attending contributed to supporting practices of staff mem- Masedo, Ana I. Personalidad, Evaluacio´ n, Universidad emotion. Highly arousing sounds were judged bers in the field of nursing cares from mental and de Ma´laga, Ma´ laga, Spain Masedo Gutie´ rrez, Ana I. longer than less arousing ones. This effect was psychological viewpoints. Personalidad, Evaluacio´ n y Tra, Universidad de stronger when attending to emotion than when Ma´ laga, Ma´ laga, Spain Esteve Zarazaga, M. Rosa attending to time. Subjective duration modulations Personalidad, Evaluacio´ n y Tra, Universidad de The effects of home environment on parenting were reflected by right frontal negativity (CNV), Ma´ laga, Ma´ laga, Spain and child development which suggests that CNV in an index of experienced Objectives We wanted to study if suppression of the Matsumoto, Satoko Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, duration. pain experience could play a role in the develop- Japan Sugawara, Masumi Department of Psychology, ment of cognitive biases. Method Participants were Ochamomizu University, Tokyo, Japan Sakai, Atsushi Do physicians inform themselves and their randomly allocated to one of the next conditions: Division of School Education, University of patients in a balanced manner? suppression, acceptation and spontaneous coping Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan Mendel, Rosmarie Inst. fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Technische strategies. After the intervention participants com- Children experience various effects of environment Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Traut- pleted the cold pressor task while engaging in the throughout their developmental trajectory. There- Mattausch, Eva Department of Psychology, Ludwig- relevant coping strategy. Cognitive biases were fore, it seems necessary to find out the process Maximilians-Universita¨t,Mu¨ nchen, Germany assessed at the end of the follow up session. Results which explains the relationship between environ- Hamann, Johannes Psychiatric Department, and conclussion There was a significant effect of the ment and children’s development. The objective of Technische Universita¨tMu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany experimental condition on bias towards affective vs present study is to examine this mechanism by using Jonas, Eva Department of Psychology, Universita¨t sensory pain words. Participants in the suppression the data collected from Japanese families with Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Frey, Dieter Department condition showed a stronger bias towards sensory infants. In this study, home environment will be the of Psychology, Technische Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, and affective pain. focus of consideration. The specific aspects of home Mu¨ nchen, Germany Kissling, Werner Psychiatric environment examined are conditions of inside/ Department, Technische Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, outside the house. The indirect effects of these How to control epistemic uncertainty fifty-fifty Mu¨ nchen, Germany environmental conditions on children’s develop- Masuda, Shinya Nursing and Medical Care, Keio Objective: To determine whether physicians making ment are examined, where the variables measuring University, Fujisawa, Japan Sakagami, Takayuki a treatment decision inform themselves and a parenting placed as the mediator, and children’s Psychology, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan patient about the benefits and risks of antipsychotic characteristics placed as outcome variables. Hirota, Sumire Environmental and Information, drugs in a balanced way. Methods: Subsequent to a Musashi Inst. of Technology, Tsuzuki-ku,Yokohama, brief case history, physicians indicated which Kanagawa, Japan The role of response mode on Stroop and reverse benefits and risks of antipsychotics they will inform We examined the joint effect of anchoring and Stroop interference in the group version test themselves or their patients about respectively. epistemic uncertainty (Bruine de Buin et al., 1998) Matsumoto, Aki Human-Environment Studies, Results: Physicians informing themselves looked in an experimental survey. 101 respondents esti- Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Hakoda, Yuji for more risks than benefits; physicians informing a mated eight personal risk questionnaires which Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, patient presented significantly more benefits than followed one of three different probabilities (20, Fukuoka, Japan Watanabe, Megumi Human- risks. Conclusions: A risk-related information 50, and 80%) as an exemplar for answering a Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, search can lead to a neglect of potential benefits questionnaire. Results from the open-ended re- Japan and thus cause suboptimal decisions; a benefit- sponses showed that frequencies of the 50% We developed the group version of the Stroop related information presentation to patients can response disappeared when probability of the Color-Word Test, which measures both Stroop and entail legal actions against physicians. exemplar was 20% or 80%, but they were highest reverse Stroop interference (Hakoda & Sasaki, in six out of eight questionnaires when it was 50%. 1990). This test was performed by matching Epistemic uncertainty seems to be controlled not response, where participants selected the appro- Development of a screening tool for the only by answering methods, but also by anchoring priate word and color patch from the provided identification of psychooncological treatment items. choices printed on paper. In this study we needs in breast cancer patients conducted this test using two response modes: oral Meraner, Verena Biologische Psychiatrie, Univ.-Klinik and matching. Results showed salient Stroop fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Innsbruck, Austria Giesinger, Psychological mechanisms in the development of interference in oral response. However, both types Johannes Biologische Psychiatrie, Univ.-Klinik fu¨r chronic headache in patients with migraine or of interference were recognized and statistically Psychiatrie, Innsbruck, Austria Seiwald, Elisabeth tension type headache significant in matching response. It is proposed that Biologische Psychiatrie, Univ.-Klinik fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Matatko, Nadine Klinik fu¨ r Neurologie, this test might be a valuable tool for measuring Innsbruck, Austria Kemmler, Georg Allgemeine Universita¨tsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany Fritsche, individual differences in human information pro- Psychiatrie, Univ.-Klinik fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Innsbruck, Gu¨ nther Klinik fu¨ r Neurologie, Universita¨ tsklinikum cessing. Austria Sperner-Unterweger, Barbara Biologische Essen, Essen, Germany Psychiatrie, Univ.-Klinik fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Innsbruck, Objectives: Our prospective, population based Austria Holzner, Bernhard Biologische Psychiatrie, longitudinal study investigated the interaction of Why playing games is better than living lifes Univ.-Klinik fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Innsbruck, Austria biological factors, psychiatric comorbidity, stress Mayer, Monica Inst. fu¨ r theor. Psychologie, Purpose In order to facilitate identification of exposure and headache-coping in transformation of Universita¨ t Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany patients with psychooncological treatment needs episodic to chronic headache (CH). Methods: 1) The objective of this research was to realise why we developed a suitable screening instrument based Cross-sectional comparison (CH (n=43) vs. non- people get so absorbed in computer games that they on patient-reported outcome. Methods 105 breast CH (n=344)); 2) longitudinal regression (baseline forget everything outside. To figure out how and cancer patients participated from Innsbruck Med- and 1-year follow-up; in n=325 headache remained why these people get addicted some people were Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 ical University. Assessment instruments used were episodic, n=19 developed CH); 3) matched pairs for very deeply examined, using the case study method. chronic patients. Dependent variables: Stress ex- 27 persons aged 8 to 68 were interviewed, 22 males EORTC-QLQC30, HADS, DT and HQ. Statistical posure, social support, emotional, cognitive and and five females. The four gaming types based on methods included logistic regression and ROC- coping reaction to headache. Results: CH-patients Bartle (Explorer, Achiever, Socializer and Killer) curves. Results Stepwise forward-selection showed are impaired in depression (p=.000), stress experi- were ratified and their psychic mechanisms as well that EORTC-QLQC30 subscales Role-Functioning ence (p=.005) and seeking social support (p=.002). as the motivational and cognitive base of the and Emotional-Functioning as well as former Discussion: CH-prevention could be possible by addiction as part of the psychic anatomy were psychological treatment were the optimal predictor training patients in functional stress coping and elucidated based on the Theory of Action Regula- set for the need of psychooncological treatment. social skills. tion. The AUC for this predictor set was 0.88(CI95%0.82-0.95). Conclusion Assessment of patients QOL appears useful for prediction of The present conditions of the dysuria patients in Timing emotional sounds: Contingent negative psychooncological treatment needs in breast cancer Japan variation modulation predicts modulation of patients. Matsuda, Hisao Sakai, Japan subjective duration In Japan, careworkers and healthcare practitioners Mella, Nathalie Neuroscience, CNRS, Paris, France in the field are devising countermeasures against Pouthas, Viviane neuroscience, CNRS, Paris, France Instruction based modulation of the Simon effect future caring in Japan. In this research, especially, The influence of emotion on time processing has Metzker, Manja Dresden, Germany Dreisbach, Gesine the social effects of difficulties in urinating after been investigated in previous studies, showing that Allgemeine Psychologie, Technische Universita¨t spine injuries and cerebral infarctions are discussed. negative events generate a lengthening of subjective Dresden, Dresden, Germany Wednesday 23rd July 2008 505

In a series of experiments we compared the effects Motivations for promotion and prevention in the Rolando PSYCHOLOGY FACULTY, UNAM (MEXICO), of stimulus-response (SR) based vs. rule based initiation and maintenance of close relationships DF - MEXICO, Mexico processing on the Simon effect. That is, all Molden, Daniel Psychology, Northwestern University, Unlike interaction with strangers (a major criticism participants received the same stimulus set, but Evanston, Illinois, USA Finkel, Eli Psychology, to the experimental study on Attribution), marriage were instructed to either use direct SR mappings or Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA consists in constant observation of the other’s Johnson, Sarah Psychology, Northwestern behavior. Hence, this study was aimed at construct- one categorization rule. The Simon effect, i.e. faster University, Evanston, Illinois, USA Eastwick, Paul ing an instrument that could provide integral reaction times when stimulus and response location Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, measurement of attribution to conflict in Mexican correspond, was only present when participants Illinois, USA couples. The Attribution and Emotions Scale used a categorization rule, but disappeared when Desires for advancement (promotion) and security (Betancourt, Flores and Cortes, 2004) was therefore participants used SR mappings. This result contra- (prevention) are both fundamental human motiva- applied. It was answered by volunteers living with dicts classical theoretical accounts of the Simon tions. The present research investigates how such their partners (474 males and 491 females). Results effect, such as dimensional overlap model and other motivations influence the initiation and mainte- obtained through the psychometrical analysis in- dual route models. Implications for Simon effect nance of close relationships. Two longitudinal cluded in the instrument show that Intentionality theory will be discussed. studies, one involving people seeking romantic predominates and that Causality Locus and Stabi- relationships and one involving people already in lity are also identified, giving a greater active role to romantic relationships, assessed the pursuit of the other in the relationship. Assertive style in the deaf student: A possible partners and commitment to existing comparative study partners, respectively. Correlational analyses re- The role of demographic variables in predicting Mies i Burrull, A` ngels Psicologia Evolutiva, UAB, vealed that stronger motivations for promotion mental health among physically disables in Bellaterra /Cerdanyola, Spain Fornieles, Albert predicted increased pursuit of potential partners Isfahan City Psicobiologia i Metodologia, UAB, Bellaterra / and decreased commitment to current partners Cerdanyola, Spain whereas stronger motivations for prevention pre- Moradi, Azam Psychology, Isfahan University, This researh analyses awareness of social-compe- dicted the opposite pattern of results. Relationship Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Ghamarani, Amir tency skills in deaf students on the basis of their satisfaction may therefore depend upon different Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran auto-perception and that of their school peers. motivations at different stages of relationships. The purpose of this research was to determine the Differential aspects amongst deaf and non-deaf share of employment status, marital status,educa- students are also studied in this respect. The sample Double dissociation between reading and tion level, intensity of disability, and gender in consists of 10 deaf subjects, currently undertaking spelling predicting the mental health of physically disables. primary education, with an oral communicative Moll, Kristina Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Subjects were consisted of 100 members of Isfaha- mode. A questionnaire on social interaction skills Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria nian Society of Disables who were selected ran- and the CABS scale (Michelson, 1987) are used. We investigated the dissociation between reading domly. For assessing the mental heath GHQ - 28 The results to date show a lesser tendency in the use and spelling deficits in 110 German speaking was used. Results of stepwise regression analysis of an assertive style in the resolution of conflicts. children based on four groups: children with showed that employmentstatus and marital status The conclusions allow us to gain which aspects isolated reading deficits, children with isolated are best predictors for mental health respectively, but adding education level, intensity of disability, merit greater attention for future intervention. spelling deficits, children with both deficits and controls. Children read words and pseudohomo- and gender to former variables can’t increase the phones derived from these words. We expect intact predicting power of the mental health in physically Achievement motivation and leadership between orthographic representations reflected by a lexical- disables significantly. the gifted children. ity effect for reading disabled and controls, but not Mohamed, Hiba Psychology, Niel West, Khartoum, for spelling disabled children. Furthermore, we Preschool children’s interactive play: Individual Sudan assume a deficit in access to phonology reflected by differences and their antecedents This Study aims at investigating the relationship reduced naming speed in rapid digit naming tasks for reading disabled in contrast to controls and Morino, Mio Early Childhood Education, Shokei between achievement motivation and the character- College, Kumamoto, Japan istics of leadership in the gifted children. The spelling disabled children. The data are currently being analysed. The aim of this study was to examine how sample constitutes of (418) pupils (212) are males children’s understanding of mental states, language and (206) females. And (23) primary school ability and peer interactions at the age of 3 (Time1) teachers. Three tools were used in the study: Adult attachment styles and attitudes towards were related to the quality of their play after the achievement motivation, leadership, behavioral sharing time with one’s partner transition to the new class of 4-year-olds (Time2). A characteristics of gifted children.There is no corre- Monteoliva, Adelaida Social Psychology, University sample of 57 children (Time1) completed the tasks lation the study showed achievement motivation of Granada, Granada, Spain Garcia-Martinez, J. of theory of mind, understanding of emotions and and leadership. There are no differences between Miguel A. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF Picture Vocabulary Test. The observations were GRANADA, GRANADA, Spain Calvo Salguero, also made when children (Time1 and 2) were free to males and females in achievement motivation and Antonia SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF choose their own playmates and activities. As a leadership. There are according to assessment of the GRANADA, GRANADA, Spain Aguilar-Luzon, Maria result, the role of language ability was important in teacher UC MAS students are motivated, while the del Carmen PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF JAEN, the interactive play. students gifted school is less motivation. JAEN, Spain This study examines if people with different attachment styles differ in their attitudes towards How does informative and non-informative Emotional functioning and sleep disorders in feedback influences learning in children? children aged 6-12 yrs sharing time with one’s partner. The study was carried out using 746 university students. The Moschner, Barbara Inst. fu¨r Pa¨ dagogik, Universita¨t Mojs, Ewa Dept. of Health Sciences, Poznan Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Anschu¨ tz, Andrea University, Poznan, Poland Glowacka, Maria Dept. of Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) was administered to determine the adult attachment style. Direct Institut fu¨r Pa¨ dagogik, Universita¨ t Oldenburg,

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 health Sci, Poznan Univ. of Medical Sci, Poznan, Oldenburg, Germany Thiel, Christiane Institut fu¨r Poland Zarowski, Marcin Chair and Dept of Dev. measures of their attitude towards sharing time with one’s partner were also collected. Variance analyses Biologie, Universita¨t Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Neurol., Poznan Univ. of Medical Sci, Poznan, Poland Germany O¨ zyurt, Jale Institut fu¨ r Biologie, Universita¨t Samborski, Wlodzimierz Clinic of Physiotherapy, show significant differences according to adult attachment style in their attitudes towards this Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Parchmann, Ilka Rheum, Poznan Univ. of Medical Sci, Poznan, Poland Institut fu¨ r Chemie, Universita¨ t Oldenburg, The aim of the study was the estimation of the interpersonal behaviour. Scheffe´ tests revealed that participants with a secure and preoccupied attach- Oldenburg, Germany emotional processes in children aged 6-12 yrs. of ment style showed the most positive attitudes The influence of feedback in relation to individual age. 84 boys and girls participated in the study. towards sharing their time with one’s partner, differences and brain activity in learning tasks was They fulfilled a questionnaire of the SD. Next 30 whilst both types of avoidant individuals showed investigated. The combination of an educational patients from the examined group with diagnosed the less positive attitudes. Dismissing individuals and a neuroscience study showed interesting results. SD participated in the psychological and neurolo- reported the lower average score. 230 children (age 10 to 13) completed a learning gical examination. The STAI and STAIC scale, task (with informative or non-informative feed- back) and measures for individual differences. 37 scale of impulsivity, control expression of emotions Construction of the conflict attribution scale in children in a functional neuroimaging study com- and depression used in the study. The statistical Mexican couples pleted the same task while their brain activity was analysis shows the significant correlation between Montero Santamaria, Nancy Faculty of Psychology, assessed. When the learning material was structured SD and the prevalence of emotional disorders. Nat. Aut. University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico the informative feedback group performed slightly There was no correlation between the duration of Rivera Aragon, Sofia PSYCHOLOGY FACULTY, UNAM better than the non-informative feedback group. SD and the results of psychological tests. (MEXICO), DF - MEXICO, Mexico Diaz Loving, Positive feedback was associated with stronger 506 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

activity in visual brain regions and the caudate experimenter, a reminder question, and the spatial completed a questionnaire that contained two nucleus. context. We now show re-instating the spatial hypothetical exchange situations. The respondents context is crucial for obtaining the reminder effect. were initially either over-rewarded or under-re- An additional study looked at the boundary warded, and then they were given a chance to Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogue approach combined conditions for contextual reminders. We found that distribute the rewards between themselves and their with Gestalt approach as a means of improving the spatial context triggers reconsolidation only in partners. In each situation, the respondents worked the group work in workshops, group unfamiliar but not in familiar contexts. with different partners. In addition, respondents psychotherapy and team building were informed that their partners worked with Mstibovskyi, Illia Rostov-on-Don, Russia someone at another time. The results indicate that Objective: to elaborate theoretical basis and prac- Relationship between depression and hostility over-rewarded people redressed those inequities tical tools for the group leader in the form of unique among teachers from third parties only when they knew that their methods of maintaining a group dialogue. Meth- Naderi, Mohamad Mehdi Azadshar, Islamic Republic first and second partner worked together. ods: 1. modeling the essential features of Mikhail of Iran Bakhtin’s Dialogue Approach (MBDA) in relation Objective: The purpose of the present study was to to group work. 2. using Gestalt Approach to make examine the relationship between depression and Relative importance of expressive behavior in group members experience the dialogue during hostility among teacher. Method: Participants were emotion judgment with contexts: The effects of specially organized exercises. 3. assessing group 531 teachers of education organization of Golestan situation, sex of judges, and nationality of work in the dialogue mode basing on Kurt Levin’s province in Iran. The mean age of the participants expressers on Japanese judges field theory. Results: A rapid natural increase of was 37.49 years (SD = 5.58). There were 215 men Nakamura, Makoto International Studies, group cohesiveness, member’s sincerity and active- and 316 women. Measures: All participants com- Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan ness, which is achieved primarily by means of pleted a questionnaire booklet containing one self- The present study focused on the effects of encouraging both their autonomy and participation report measures: The Symptom Checklist-90-R situational information (situation where expressions in the group. (SCL-90-R). Results: The results of the present occurred: public versus private), nationality of study demonstrate that:Correlation between depres- expressers (Japanese versus American), and sex of sion and teacher’s hostility is meaningful and participants on the judgment of emotion by 78 Construct validity of employment interviews - Do positive (r = 0.714, p,0.001). Conclusions: The Japanese college students. Multilevel analysis re- they assess, whatever you ask for? present study revealed that a more depression is vealed that expressions were more important than Mussel, Patrick Inst. fu¨ r Sozialwissenschaften, associated with a high level of self-reported elicitors in the emotion judgments and that expres- Universita¨t Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Schuler, hostility. sions of American expressers were more weighted Heinz Institute for Social Sciences, University of than those of Japanese. The relative importance of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Ho¨ ft, Stefan FH fu¨r expressions in emotion judgment was replicated in Arbeitsmarktmanagement, Bundesagentur fu¨ r Arbeit, Birth weight is associated with antenatal the present study and the findings were discussed in Mannheim, Germany maternal cortisol diurnal rhythm terms of the relative effectiveness of contextual The present study investigated construct validity of Nagamine, Mitsue Adult Mental Health, NCNP, NIMH, information in the judgment of emotion. employment interviews in light of their dimensions, Nishi-tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Saito, Satoru Fundamental i.e. the constructs they aim to assess. Based on a Research, Joso Research Center, Tsukubamirai, sample of 282 candidates applying for a clerical Japan Okabayashi, Hideki Psychology and Education, Emotional control of the children in stress coping apprenticeship, a multimodal interview was applied. Meisei University, Hino, Tokyo, Japan Kim, Yoshiharu and the process of the resolution Comprehensive exploratory and confirmatory con- Adult Mental Health, NIMH, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan Nakata, Sakae Dept. of Psychology, Aichi Gakuin struct analyses indicated correlations with social In this study, an influence of the antenatal maternal University, Aichi, Japan competence as assessed via self reports (.17-.30) and activity of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis on It is an important and interesting subject to study assessment center tasks (.51-.57, uncorrected); birth weight was investigated by measuring diurnal which behavior is taken associated with which however, as expected, construct saturation was cortisol rhythm in 20 midterm and 24 late pregnant emotion, in order to control emotions in stress moderated by the dimensions underlying the inter- women (mean age 29.3¡4 yrs). The participants coping and to maintain smooth communication. view. It is concluded that, in addition to the typical, were classified into non-decrease, low level decrease This study covers toddlers in the United States and dyadic situation of the interview, construct validity and high level decrease groups, according to their emotional control seen among multiage members is determined by the content of questions and rating cortisol decrease rate (from 8:00 to 11:00). Birth surrounding three-year-old children is examined. scales. weight was significantly lower in midterm than late Stress coping seen in interpersonal relations with pregnant in non-decrease group (p,.05). This multiage children is taken up here. finding suggests the effect of the antenatal maternal Pre-selection methods for employment flattened diurnal cortisol rhythm on birth weight interviews – A reference model The assessment of risk propensity through a differs between midterm and lateterm. Mussel, Patrick Inst. fu¨ r Sozialwissenschaften, dilemmas task Universita¨t Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Narva´ ez Rulla´ n, Marı´a Dept. of Psychology, Even though employment interviews are quite Effects of instructions in individuals with the Auto´ noma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain expensive, they represent one of the most often mental retardation Botella, Juan Department of Psychology, Auto´ noma used methods for personnel selection. The present Nagato, Kiyoshi Education, Univ. of the Ryukyus, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Martı´nez Molina, paper reviews a total of seventeen methods regard- OKINAWA, Japan Katsuyoshi, Shinya Education, Agustı´n Department of Psychology, Auto´ noma ing their utility for pre-selecting candidates prior to Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan Tanaka, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Rubio, Vı´ctor J. the interview according to two dimensions: process Atsushi Education, Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Department of Psychology, Auto´ noma University of efficiency and diagnostic gain. Based on an Japan Ushiyama, Michio Education, Kyoto Univ. of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Santacreu, Jose´ Department of extensive literature search and data from meta- Education, Kyoto, Japan Okuzumi, Hideyuki Psychology, Auto´ noma University of Madrid, Madrid, analytic and primary studies, a reference model was Education, Tokyo Gakugei Univ., Tokyo, Japan Spain established reflecting the utility of these methods The purpose of this study was to investigate the role Risk Propensity (RP) is a trait characterized by an for pre-selection. As such, this model integrates the of instructional effects in individuals with mental increased probability of engaging in behaviors that literature concerning construct and criterion related retardation by measuring movement time and involve some potential harm, but also an opportu- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 validity of the interview and can be used as accuracy. The subjects were measured on how nity for some benefit. A sample of 892 people guideline for practitioners designing selection pro- quickly and accurately they pored liquid into a cup participated in a study in which a new RP task, cesses. to red line. There were 39 individuals without composed of several dilemmas, was explored. Each mental retardation and 38 individuals with mental dilemma includes the initial set plus sequential retardation in the study. In addition, the subjects approximations for estimating the Indifference Reconsolidation in human episodic memory were compared and examined the four types which Value between a Secure and the expected value of Nadel, Lynn Dept. of Psychology, University of were classified according to the three clinical types an uncertain Game. The scores showed good Arizona, Tucson, USA Hupbach, Almut Psychology, and healthy person. internal consistency, reasonably test-retest reliabil- University of Arizona, Tucson, USA Hardt, Oliver ity, and good validity as reflected in the correlation Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada with other Risk Propensity task. Gomez, Rebecca Psychology, University of Arizona, Redressing inequities in third-partner Tucson, USA relationships Reactivated memories can be modified and subse- Nakajima, Makoto Education & Human Development, Influence of learning techniques on information quently require reconsolidation. We reported re- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Yoshida, processing consolidation effects in human episodic memory: Toshikazu Education & Human Developm, Nagoya Navaneedhan, Girija Chennai, India Saraladevi, Memory for an object set was modified by University, nagoya, Japan Krishnan Physical Science, Meston college of presentation of a new set if participants were This study examined whether an individual main- education, Chennai, India reminded of the first set before learning the second tain equity in trans-relational relationships(Austin Objective of the study: To establish the fact that set. The reminder involved three components: the & Walster, 1975). A total of 129 undergraduates effective information processing is dependent on the Wednesday 23rd July 2008 507

learning techniques one adopts. Methodology of sions: Trauma patients‘ DAD showed unobserved Effect of self-esteem on selecting interactional the study: A sample of 100 students in the age heterogeneity which could not be explained by partners was investigated using a persuasion game group 13 to 17 were chosen. They were divided in to established explanatory variables. named the Settoku Nattoku Game (SNG; Sugiura, two groups control and experimental. To experi- 2003). In this study, we focused on the effect of self- mental group certain specific learning methods were esteem on repeated selection of interactional taught.For the same group neuro transmitter The influence mechanism of the small or middle- partners by using data from two SNGs. Freshmen serotonin was tested taking blood samples of the size enterprise owners’ charismatic leadership at a university (n = 24) participated in the SNG students before and after adopting learning techni- toward followers game twice. The results were consistent with prior ques. Expected results : Increase in serotonin levels Nie, Xue Lin Hangzkou Dianzi University, Hang Zhou, studies and indicated that high self-esteem people in the blood sample establishes the relationship People’s Republic of China Ye, Yujian College of tended not to select the same partners, whereas low between information processing and learning tech- Management, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, self-esteem people tended to repeatedly select the niques. People’s Republic of China He, Quan Department of same people. Psychology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China The role of visual imagery as mind tool in This study investigated 206 employees who come Effects of attachment on interpersonal information processing from small or middle-size enterprises, to explore the relationship development Navaneedhan, Girija Chennai, India relationships between owner‘s charismatic leader- Niwa, Tomomi School of Education, Nagoya Objective : To understand the significance of visual ship, the employee’s self-efficacy, self-esteem, self- University, Nagoya, Japan imagery in the information processing of indivi- structure and organizational citizenship behavior- The aim of the present study was to examine the duals. Methodology: Visual imagery is one of the s(OCBs). The results showed that self-efficacy different contact frequency and amount of interac- mind tool which enables an individual to experience mediated the relationship between strategic vision tion in the early stage of relationship to favorable or the perception of some object event or scene that and non-conventional behavior of charismatic unfavorable person arising from the features of occurs when the relevant object, event, or scene is leadership and OCBs, self-esteem mediated the attachment to parents. Four hundred and sixteen not actually present to the senses. The sample relationship between sensitivity to environment undergraduates and 587 undergraduates were consists of boys and girls of the age group 17 years and non-conventional behavior of charismatic surveyed on the contact frequency and amount of chosen and given training in visual imagery to learn leadership and OCBs, but the effect of the non- interaction with unfavorable or favorable person chemical bonding in chemistry. Their confidence conventional behavior is negative. Finally, strategic respectively. The main result showed those low on level and achievement ability were tested before and vision and personal risking influence the self- avoidance of parental attachment had less interac- after the application othe tool. Expected results : construal, but the self-construal did not influence tion with favorable person than those who scored Calculation of ‘‘t’’ test value revealed a markable the OCBs, the influence of sensitivity to followers is high. However, there was no difference in contact improvement in achievment test scores and also not significant. frequency between those who were high on boosted the confidence level of the students avoidance of parental attachment and those who were low. The dependence of emotional child’s reactions Parents’ child-feeding practices: A comparison on methods of punishment and reward in family between two towns Mexico City and Morelia, Nikolaeva, Elena Dept. of Child’s Psychology, State Psychometric properties of the obsessive beliefs Michoaca´n University, St. Petersburg, Russia questionnaire: Children version in a non-clinical Navarro, Gabriela Social Psychology, UMSNH, The problem of this research was to analyze a Spanish sample Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico variety of children cardiac reactions on emotional Nogueira, Raquel Personalidad y Evaluacio´n, The objective of this study was to compare Parents’ stimuli (remembering of the reward and punish- University of Ma´laga, Ma´ laga, Spain Godoy, Antonio feeding attitudes and practices in two Mexican ment in family). 162 children (7 yr. old) were Personalidad, Evaluacio´ n y Tto, University of Ma´ laga, samples of mothers from different towns. Partici- participants. Programs SPSS and Surface have been Ma´ laga, Spain Gavino, Aurora Personalidad, pants: 300 mothers of 4 to 11-year-old girls and used. We showed, that system of interaction of Evaluacio´ n y Tto, University of Ma´laga, Ma´laga, Spain boys from Mexico city and 300 from Morelia, children and parents at which children believe, that Valderrama, Lidia Personalidad, Evaluacio´ n y Tto, completed the Mexican adaptation of the Child them do not encourage or seldom praise, promotes University of Ma´ laga, Ma´ laga, Spain Ferna´ ndez, Rosa Feeding Questionnaire MACFQ, Cronbach’s alpha change of cardiac reaction not only in a situation of Personalidad, Evaluacio´ n y Tto, University of Ma´ laga, =.8383 (Navarro, 2006), a self-report measure of the reward, but also punishment when their Ma´ laga, Spain Quintero, Carolina Personalidad, parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child vegetative reaction under stress decreased.Research Evaluacio´ n y Tto, University of Ma´laga, Ma´laga, Spain feeding and obesity proneness. It will be presented was supported by Grant 07-06-00576a by RGSF Romero, Pablo Salud Mental, Hospital de Jae´ n, Jae´n, Factor structure of the MACFQ by town. Means of Spain the seven factors of the MACFQ were compared The Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ, Ob- between towns by Student t- test. Comparison of normative beliefs between sessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group, Japanese and U.S. students to group abusive 2001) is a self-rated scale that is used for measure activities cognitive aspects of obsessive - compulsive disorder Unobserved heterogeneity in trauma patients Nishida, Kimiaki Nursing Dept., University of (OCD). The aim of this work is evaluate the desire for autonomy in medical decision making Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan Almendros, Carmen dimensionality, reliability and validity of the in an emergency department Psychology, Madred Autonoma Unversity, Madred, children version of this questionnaire in a Spanish Neuner, Bruno Anesthesiology and Intensive M, Spain Yamaura, Kazuho Business Admin. and sample of children, the Obsessive Belief Question- Charite´ - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany Inform., University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan naire - Children Version, (OBQ – CV, Godoy, Weiss-Gerlach, Edith Anesthesiology and Intensive Watanabe, Namiji Letters, Ferris women University, unpublished work). The results indicate that the M, Charite´ - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany Shizuoka, Japan Kakuyama, Takashi Human Social OBQ - CV is a reliable measure in this sample and Neumann, Tim Anesthesiology and Intensive M, Science, Tokyo International Univ., Tokyo, Japan that it has a good convergent and discriminant Charite´ - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany The purpose of this study is to investigate cross validity with different measures of anxiety and Schoenfeld, Helge Anesthesiology and Intensive M, cultural communalities and differences of norma- depression. Charite´ - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany tive beliefs to group abusive activities between Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Miller, Peter Drug and Alcohol Prevention, MUSC, Japanese and U.S. students. For, we developed Charleston, USA Schlattmann, Peter Biometry and Group Health Scale which is consisted of 51 items On the syndromological approach to studying Clin Epi, Charite´ - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, for what activities are abusive psychologically the personality aspects of teaching stress Germany Braehler, Elmar Medical Psychology and against personal human rights. The students of Nosenko, Eleonora Dept. of Psychology, National Sociolo, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Spies, the both countries responded to the questions: If University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine Claudia Anesthesiology and Intensive M, Charite´- you belonged to a group, or an organization that is The aim of the study was to assess the adequacy of Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany characterized by each of the following items, how the approach. 60 young teachers were assigned to Objectives: To evaluate unobserved heterogeneity would you feel? It is found that the U.S. students groups differing(t-test) on the level of anxiety and in trauma patients‘ desire for autonomy in medical have two cognitive structures which are classified depression as an index of burnout. Correlation decision-making (DAD). Methods: Study in 1,009 into seven sub-structures in the Japanese. analysis (r-Pearson)of the scores on burnout and emergency department patients (median age 32 those on Cattell 16 PF revealed six symmetrical years, 62% male). A covariate adjusted finite factors the opposites of which characterised low mixture model was established. Results: Three Effect of self-esteem on reselecting interactional (1)and high (2) burnout groups : B,E,G,L,O,Q2 latent subpopulations (low DAD in 53.3 % / partners in persuasion games: An investigation (p,.01) Five nonsymmetrical factors also had medium DAD in 35.6 % / high DAD in 11.1 % of using the Settoku Nattoku Game (2) significant correlations in group 2: H,I,Q3,Q4,N. patients), a positive association of female gender Nishimura, Takashi Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Factor C had positive correlation in group 1. The respectively school education, and a negative Hiroshima International Univ., Hiroshima, Japan findings prove the adequacy of the approach and association of higher age respectively substance Yanagisawa, Kuniaki Graduate school of I.A.S., prompt the ways of improvement in training use with patients‘ DAD was evaluated. Conclu- Hiroshima Univ., Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan teachers. 508 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

Verbal memory in experienced actors and an audience upon cortisol response, undergraduates fluency and accuracy of answering between two controls participating in groups of 10-12 were divided into groups (mental disabled and non-disabled subjects). Notthoff, Nanna Dept. of Psychology, Stanford audience and non-audience conditions. Each parti- It was investigated the gender differences in University, Stanford, USA Jonides, John Department cipant of the audience condition group delivered a learning. The results showed an improvement of of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 5-minute speech to the experimenter and the rest of knowledge for all the groups, and, in the post- their group, whereas the participants of the non- USA training, there aren’t differences among the stu- Objectives: How do actors remember verbal mate- audience condition performed the same task in dents. Precision Teaching method seems to have rial? Hypothesis: Actors extract the meaning first, another room without an audience. The result enhanced significantly the accuracy and fluency on then remember details. They are successful recalling demonstrated that the salivary cortisol level only meaningful stories, less with unrelated words. increased in the audience condition group and not answering, and, in general, the learning of correct Methods: We tested experienced actors’ (nA=21) in the non-audience condition group. use of money. and controls’ (nC=24) memory for unrelated (RAVLT) and related pre-categorized word lists Making clinical psychology accessible to people Emotional support reduces social pain and (CVLT) and their ability to recognize themes with intellectual disabilities anterior cingulate cortex activation during (Roediger & McDermott False Recall Paradigm). Ogi, Laura Learning Disabilities, National Health ostracism Results: No significant differences were found in Service, Birmingham, United Kingdom Onoda, Keiichi Psychiatry and Neurosciences, RAVLT and CVLT. Actors identified more themes Aim This is a unique initiative to promote access of Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Ura, in the False Recall Paradigm (meanA=4.14,S- information around psychological care, facilitate Mitsuhiro Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima DA=2.17; meanC=1.79,SDC=1.25; p=0.0001). informed consent and support the education of University, Hiroshima, Japan Nittono, Hiroshi Conclusions: Actors are better at extracting gist related professionals. Method A 37 min DVD in Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, than controls, resulting in better performance when which psychologists introduce the approach they Hiroshima, Japan Nakashima, Kenichiro Integrated remembering meaningful materials using their own use at work in a way that is easy to understand and Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, categories. a booklet for related professionals. Results Out- Japan Mishima, Shoko Integrated Arts and Sciences, comes assessed through five service user focus Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Okamoto, Recollective states as predictors of academic groups and two professionals focus groups. Con- Yasumasa Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima success clusion The results will be discussed in relation to University, Hiroshima, Japan Yamawaki, Shigeto Nourkova, Veronika Psychology, Moscow State the proposed aims such as facilitating access to Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, University, Moscow, Russia Yeremenko, Victoria psychological care, the education of related profes- Hiroshima, Japan Psychology, Moscow State University, Moscow, sionals and informed consent. To examine the effects of emotional support on Russia social pain caused by ostracism, we conducted an Can verbs, that students use starting their exam Self-regulation in early childhood: The relations fMRI study in which participants played a virtual answers with, predict their grades? In the study 250 to social skills and problem behaviors ball-tossing game (Cyberball task). They were participants rated those verbs which mean states of Ohuchi, Akiko University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan initially included and afterward excluded. In the consciousness accompanying recollection. Cluster Sakurai, Toyoko Faculty of Human Welfare, Den-en latter half of the excluded session, they received analyses extracted 3 types of such states: type 1 - Chofu University, Kawasaki, Japan Sakurai, Shigeo emotionally supportive text messages on the screen. ‘‘know, remember’’, type 2 - ‘‘recollect’’, type3 - Inst. of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, The emotional support reduced subjective social ‘‘think, suppose, feel’’. Comparing verbs by which Japan pain and the activation of anterior cingulate cortex students start their exam answer and grades they The purpose of this study was to examine the associated with ostracism. The results suggest that got we found out that verbs forming the first group relations of self-regulation to social skills and anterior cingulate cortex is involved in representa- predict the highest proportion of excellent grades, problem behaviors in Japanese preschool children. tion of psychological pain. verbs from the second group predict the highest We considered four aspects of self-regulation; self- proportion of medium grades and verbs from the assertiveness, self-inhibition, attention shifting and third group predict the highest proportion of lowest attention focusing. Four hundred and fifty-two Interference and overshadowing in contingency grades. children’s self-regulation were rated by their par- learning ents. Two hundred and sixty-two of them were Orgaz, Cristina Bilbao, Spain Vadillo, Miguel Angel Electroencephalographic correlates of cognitive rated social skills and problem behaviors by their Psychology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain development in children aged 5 to 6 years teachers. We made a cluster analysis of the Matute, Helena Psychology, University of Deusto, Novikova, Svetlana Developmental standardized scores of four aspects of self-regula- Bilbao, Spain Psychophysiology, MSUPE, Moscow, Russia tion and found six clusters. The results of analysis The aim of this experiment is to study the relation- Posikera, Irina developmental psychogenetics, PIRAE, revealed the different characteristics of social skills ship between interference and cue competition in Moscow, Russia Tsetlin, Marina developmental and problem behaviors in each cluster. contingency learning. These effects were explored psychophysiology, MSUPE, Moscow, Russia Pushina, by testing 62 college students with a standard Natalya developmental psychogenetics, PIRAE, Classification of Ibasho ’’Person who eases your preparation for the study of human contingency Moscow, Russia Malakhovskaya, Elena mind’’ in female undergraduates learning. Inferential analyses show that a cue that developmental psychophysiology, MSUPE, Moscow, Okamura, Toshimitsu Nara Nersery College, Kyoto, has been overshadowed loses its ability to interfere Russia Stroganova, Tatiana developmental Japan with another cue. Interestingly, current models of psychogenetics, PIRAE, Moscow, Russia Ibasyo (the comfortable place) is an idiosyncratic associative learning predict no interaction between Objective: To estimate the relationships of electro- word to Japanese culture. Ibasyo referred to the these phenomena. These results also suggest that encephalographic (EEG) spectral parameters under space, the time and the person that ease your mind. interference can be used as an indirect measure for attention load on cognitive functioning in pre- Especially the person who eases your mind was schoolers. Methods: EEG was recorded in 82 5-to- critical. Participants were asked to choose alter- cue competition effects 6-year-old children under three conditions: ‘‘Closed natives of answers to the questions, ‘‘Who is the eyes’’, ‘‘Visual attention’’, ‘‘Attention-to-speech’’. person that eases your mind in situations (high or

Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Hungarian and French students’ social Intelligence (IQ) was measured using Kaufman low anxiety)?’’ Multiple correspondence analyses representation on competition Assessment Battery for Children. Multiple regres- were performed to the choices of person mentioned Orosz, Ga´ bor Reims, France sion was applied. Results: EEG spectral amplitudes above. The results indicated that the person who The purpose of the present study is to compare under ‘‘Closed eyes’’ condition did not relate to IQ eases your mind were categorized to three groups Hungarian and French students’ social representa- parameters. In contrast, theta rhythm spectral by two axis in both situations, namely ‘‘myself’’, tion of competition. Words associated to competi- amplitudes registered under attentive states ex- ‘‘family’’ and ‘‘friend’’ groups. plained up to 34% of IQ scores variance. Conclu- tion were collected. Verga`s’s process of analysis was sions: The findings showed the contribution of carried out to show the structrure and content of EEG theta under attentional load in the individual Improving autonomy in mentally retarded the representations. According to our results diversity of IQ in children. children by precision teaching method Hungarian and French students’ representations Oliva, Patrizia Scienze dell’Educazione, University of are basically similar, containing mainly sport. Messina, Messina, Italy Cuzzocrea, Francesca Scienze However among pheripheral elements some differ- The effect of an audience on cortisol response to dell’Educazione, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ences appear: French students concentrate on the a speech task Larcan, Rosalba Scienze dell’Educazione, University Oda, Yayoi Toyko, Japan Endo, Kenji Department of of Messina, Messina, Italy motivating factors of competition, but success and Psychology, Aoyama Gakuin University, Toyko, Japan The aim of study is to verify the effectiveness of the economic concepts play a central role in the Although many studies demonstrate that cortisol software, based on Precision Teaching (PT), for representation of Hungarians. These results can be increases during speech, few studies demonstrate increasing, in mentally retarded subjects, knowledge explained by the countries’ different historical and the effect of an audience. To examine the effect of and correct use of money. It was compared the cultural backgrounds. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 509

Subjective alienation: Measurement and Examining the effects of mother’s socialization mending the marriage relationship is worthy to correlates goals, developmental expectations, and discuss further. Osin, Evgeny School of Psychology, University of East psychological control in Turkish preschool London, Moscow, Russia children’s social competences Cross-cultural adaptation of overseas Chinese Ozturk, Pinar Psychology, Abant Izzet Baysal The aim of the study was to develop a Russian- students in Japan University, Bolu, Turkey Kumru, Asiye Psychology, language psychometric tool measuring subjective Pan, Hong Graduate School of Integrated, Hiroshima Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey alienation based upon the Alienation Test (Maddi, University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan Ura, Mitsuhiro Kobasa & Hoover, 1979). A pool of 120 items was This study examines the effects of mothers’ Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, administered to adult and student samples (N=452). socialization goals, developmental expectations, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan Item-total correlations, factor analysis and struc- and psychological control in preschool children’s Effect of support acquisition strategy of overseas tural equation modeling were used, yielding a 60- prosocial behaviors, thoughtfulness, verbal intelli- Chinese students (n=177) on cross-cultural adapta- item questionnaire measuring 4 patterns of sub- gence, and hostility. The total of 175 children aged tion was examined by focusing on social-network- jective alienation over 5 different domains. The 4-6 years old, their mothers and teachers were ing skills. The result of a pass analysis indicated that alienation scale and its subscales demonstrate high recruited in Turkey. Results revealed that older the relationship between social networking skill and internal consistency and significant negative corre- children scored higher on prosocial behaviors and adaptation was mediated by emotional/informa- lations with a number of subjective well-being verbal intelligence; girls scored higher on prosocial tional supports from Japanese people. Specifically, measures. An original scale of alienation in educa- behaviors; and boys scored higher on hostility. empathy/conflict-resolution skill was effective in tional setting was also developed, demonstrating Also, socialization goal of child’s self development eliciting support from Japanese and this support similar results. positively predicted prosocial behaviors and verbal facilitated social cross-cultural adaptation, which in intelligence; inconsistent control behavior nega- turn led to better mental adaptation. In addition, it tively predicted verbal intelligence and thoughtful- was revealed that for Chinese students with high Emotional intelligence and structures through ness; and developmental expectations about social network maintenance skill, academic/informational designing scale suitable to the Sudanese skills negatively predicted prosocial behaviors. supports from Chinese people which were affected environment by empathy/conflict-resolution skill facilitated men- Osman, Habab Psychology, Adrak Private Company, tal adaptation. Khartoum, Sudan osman, habab psychology, adrak Quantifying and delimiting the proliferation of private company, Khartoum, Sudan executive functions This study examines the identification of emotional Packwood, Sonia Quebec, Canada Tremblay, Relationship quality and health: The moderating intelligence and structures through designing scale Se´ bastien E´ cole de psychologie, Universite´ Laval, effect of community involvement suitable to the Sudanese environment. To achieve Quebec, Canada Paprocki, Christine Dept. of Psychology, Columbia this aim, two scientific methods were employed, The proliferation of executive functions (EF) makes University, New York, USA Patton, Matthew namely, documentation and descriptive method. this concept unclear and difficult to operationna- Psychology Department, University of Chicago, The questionnaire and the scale was applied to a lize. The purpose of the present study is to estimate Chicago, USA Visser, Penny Psychology Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA group of 410 participants both males and females. the extent of the proliferation and the degree to Individuals who are unsatisfied in their marriages The study shows that items and dimensions of the which EF overlap conceptually and psychometri- are at heightened risk for negative physical health constructed scale enjoyed adequate level of relia- cally. A meta-analysis and exhaustive literature review have enabled us to identify the most frequent outcomes (see Burman & Margolin, 1992 for bility and validity. The result of factor analysis EF as well as the neuropsychological tests typically review). The current study examined moderators shows that there is a high saturation of emotional used to measure them. A semantic network analysis of this relationship using data from 4,242 married intelligence with five sub structures including (Self- revealed clusters of EF and also indicated several individuals who participated in the National Survey awareness & Motivation, Managing Emotion, overlaps across EF. These results are very informa- of Midlife Development in the United States General Mood, Emotion Facilitation of Thinking, tive about the organisation of EF and promote a (MIDUS). Regression models indicated a signifi- and empathy). holistic view of executive control. cant interaction between measures of community involvement and relationship quality on physical The influence of repetition on the change of cue- health: higher community involvement predicted Predicting risk factors of attachment disorders in validities better health ratings, especially for those in low school age children with respect to parents ‘ quality relationships. This implies that community Ostermann, Tanja Bonn, Germany attachment styles involvement may be particularly beneficial or Inconsistent with the common assumption of Paivastegar, Mehrangis Dept. of Psychology, Alzzara therapeutic for individuals unhappy in their mar- unidirectional reasoning from cues to options, it University Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran riages. was recently shown that subjective cue-validities are Attachment disorders of all degrees are a significant changed during the process of decision making and growing feature of all society. These disorders Construct validity of Paulhus’ Comprehensive (Simon et al., 2004). The observed bidirectionality not only damage individual children, but also Inventory of Desirable Responding (CIDR) in reasoning is explained by automatic processes of society at large.If these disorders in children are Parmac, Maja Department of Psychology, University maximizing consistency (Glo¨ckner & Betsch, in not recognized and adressed, it is difficult to treat of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Galic, Zvonimir press). Based on these results an experiment was and prevent them. In this study, We investigated the Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb, conducted to test whether repeated in comparison relationship between parents attachment style and Zagreb, Croatia Jerneic, Zeljko Department of with singular presentation of decision tasks influ- Children’s attachment disorder.Parent ‘s attach- Psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia ences the strength of these changes in cue-validities. ment style was tested. It was also found that girls Prevendar, Tamara Department of Psychology, It was furthermore examined whether these changes presented attachment disorder more than did boys. also influence subsequent decisions. University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia The final analysis of data indicates the insecure/ The aim of this study was to test the construct anxiety attachment and marital conflict as major validity of the Croatian version of Paulhus’ Altruism with price as a signal: On intrinsic predictors of children attachment disorders. Comprehensive Inventory of Desirable Responding motivation and crowding-out (2006). The CIDR comprises four subscales in- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Otto, Philipp Inst. fu¨ r Mikroo¨ konomiks, Europa- The effects of obligation of role on marital tended to measure components of social desirabil- Universita¨ t Viadrina, Frankfurt, Germany Bolle, conflicts in Chinese couples ity: agentic management, agentic enhancement, Friedel Microeconomics, Europa-Universita¨ t Viadrina, Pan, Chun Feng Department of Psychology, National communal management and communal enhance- Frankfurt (Oder), Germany Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Hwang, Kwang ment. For this purpose independent samples of In this paper we provide an explanation why and Kuo Department of Psychology, National Taiwan participants were tested in three situations with how external intervention can undermine intrinsic University, Taipei, Taiwan different instructions for self-presentation: one motivation. It is hypothesized, that the offered price Most of past researches attempting to investigate honest (N1=224) and two different ‘‘fake good’’ is taken as a proxy for the ‘‘market value’’ of the why conflicts happened in marital relation high- instructions (N2=249, N3=196). Conducted ana- corresponding activity. By including an ‘‘altruism lighted personal trait or the characteristics of the lyses revealed different factor structures in three parameter’’ in our simple model of intrinsic marital relation per se. However, the authors situations, giving partial support to the model. motivation, we can make straight forward predic- employed ‘‘methodological relationalism’’ to stress Further studies are needed. tions about changes in intrinsic motivation and the obligation of different roles between persons-in- resulting observed behavior like crowding-in or relation to explore the cause of Chinese marital When are predictions self-fulfilling? crowding-out, correspondingly with or without conflict. Results supported the authors’ expectation Peetz, Johanna Dept. of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier persistence. Which of these effect is observable on that obligation of role base on different relationship University, Waterloo, Canada Buehler, Roger the aggregated level, fully depends on the constitu- between the subjects and other significant others Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, tion of the two variables ‘‘altruism’’ and ‘‘income’’ such as mother or father in law was determinant of Canada Griffin, Dale Sauder School of Business, in the group. the cause of the marriage conflicts. The issue of University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 510 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

We examined under which conditions people’s The personal styles inventory: A measure of between individually and group administered test- predictions of task completion dates carry over to normal-range personality traits ing. Key words: psychometric properties, WISC-IV, their actual completion times. We randomly as- Pfost, Karen Dept. of Psychology, Illinois State discrimination index, verbal subscales signed students to predict an early or a late University, Normal, USA Kunce, Joseph Psychology, Educational & Psychologica, Columbia, USA Newton, completion date of an experimental task, using an Anxiety profile as indicator of child psychological Russel Psychology, Educational & Psychologica, anchoring procedure. In the task, participants were wellbeing in different life spheres Columbia, USA asked to write three short essays in the 14 days Podolskij, Andrei Dept. of Developm. Psychology, The Personal Styles Inventory (PSI-120; Kunce, following the session. These essays were either sent Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Cope, & Newton, 1999) is a measure of normal- by email (easy condition) or by letter mail (difficult Karabanova, Olga Developmental Psychology, range personality characteristics which is a unique condition). Our results show that, in the domain of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia task completion, predictions carry over to behavior assessesment tool. Profiles take the form of an Anxiety is considered to be an indicator of child only for easy but not for difficult tasks. eight-component circumplex with underlying axes psychological wellbeing. Different types of anxiety of introversion/extroversion and preference for are described in contemporary studies besides stability/change. Feedback describes both person- traditionally selected personal and situated ones. How are causal powers combined? ality as a whole and the three domains of cognition, It’s fruitful to describe also an anxiety profile, Perales, Jose Cesar Dept. Psicologı´a Experimental, affect, and behavior. The discrepancy between basic which represents a combination of different types of Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain Maldonado, and current behavior serves as a barometer of anxiety as anxiety level in different life spheres Antonio Psicologı´a Experimental, Universidad de current stress in response to environmental de- varies very much. Using the A. Prihozhan Anxiety Granada, Granada, Spain Candido, Antonio mands. A considerable body of research attests to test it has been shown that anxiety profile is Psicologı´a Experimental, Universidad de Granada, the PSI-120’s concurrent and discriminant validity determined by such important variables as child’s Granada, Spain Contreras, David Psicologı´a interrelations with parents, peers, teachers, and also Experimental, Universidad de Granada, Granada, The role of competitiveness and social school achievements. Results achieved allows to Spain Catena, Andres Psicologı´a Experimental, comparison in youth’s health behaviors work out a correction work for children with high Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain level of anxiety Generative causes make the probability of their Piko, Bettina Dept. of Behavioral Sciences, Universtity effects grow beyond zero or a certain base rate. But of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Skulteti, Dora Dept. of Behavioral Sciences, Universtity of Szeged, Szeged, how do naı¨ve reasoners compute the expected Construct validity: How to prove it by theory- Hungary Gibbons, Frederick Dept. of Psychology, probability of an effect when two causes of such based item generating rules and IRT model-based Iowa State University, Ames, USA analyses an effect are simultaneously present? And how is Objectives: The main goal of the present study is to the power of a single cause discounted from a Poinstingl, Herbert Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t investigate the role of competitiveness and social Wien, Wien, Austria Kubinger, Klaus D. University of compound? Several experiments are presented in comparison in health-compromising and health- which people failed to combine or discount causal Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Vienna, Austria promoting behaviors. Methods: Data were collected The Family Reasoning Test (FRT) is a new verbal powers in accordance with normative probability from high school students (N = 548) in the reasoning test. The testee has to find the right calculus. Instead, they seem to use simple additive Southern Plain Region, Hungary, using self-admi- relationship of two persons when a short story is and subtractive combination rules that can give rise nistered questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis given as an item of a more or less complex family to judgment biases (over- and under-expectation) was used in the statistics. Results: The role of social description. The items are built by using theory- with significance in daily life. attitudes may be quite different depending on the based item generating rules, the latter stated situation they are used: competitiveness may act as according to some cognitive operations. The linear a risk factor for substance use, social comparison Culture and coaching logistic test model (LLTM; Fischer, 1972), a may act as a protection. Conclusions: These results Perkins, Patrick Scott New York-Presbyterian specialization of the Rasch model, is used in order suggest that learning to be more socially oriented to test the construct validity of the test. If the Hopsital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, should be a part of children’s socialization. USA Cronan, Kerry Richard Counselling Centre Ltd., LLTM holds then the hypothesized cognitive Professional Consulting and, Eagle Farm, Australia operations actually determine the difficulty of an Aidman, Eugene Vladimir Machiavellianism and the characteristics of item. Coaching, in particular in the area of leadership, friendship in same-sex couples of friends has become a regular practice in consulting Pilch, Irena Inst. of Psychology, University of Silesia, The ability to detect egoism: Social distance psychology. Strategies will only be effective if they Katowice, Poland matters fit the cultural context in a way that does not mix The aim of this study was to examine the Pradel, Julia Wirtschafts- u. Sozialpsychol., the change in interpersonal process with a possible associations of Machiavellianism with the charac- Universita¨ t zu Ko¨ ln, Ko¨ ln, Germany Fetchenhauer, unnecessary change evolving in the cultural context. teristics of friendship. The data were obtained from Detlef Economic and Social Psychology, University of This presentation will draw upon studies in coach- the sample of 81 same-sex couples of friends (aged Cologne, Cologne, Germany ing that alert practitioners to the issue of the 17–49). Mach IV and a set of self-descriptive From an evolutionary point of view the ability to appropriate recognition of culture both within and measures of a relationship’s characteristics (close- distinguish altruistic from egoistic interaction part- surrounding the context of organizations, as well as ness, satisfaction, support, influence, control, self- ners is highly adaptive - especially in close relation- the harmonizing of the interactions between disclosure, trust, attractiveness) were used. Correla- ship with high interdependence. To find out branches of organizations of the one company. tional, regression and cluster analysis were per- whether humans are in fact capable to read signs formed. Machiavellianism was negatively related to of prosociality we examined 328 students of closeness, satisfaction and trust, and positively to elementary and secondary school classes. We An investigation of multiple predictors of bulimia control, but mainly for men. The results imply that initially tested the true degree of altruism of each nervosa Machiavellianism may reduce the quality of manly individual by asking subjects to divide some money Pfost, Karen S. Psychology, Illinois State University friendship. The implications are discussed in terms between themselves and another person anon- (110, Normal, Illinois, USA Westendorf, Christina of evolutionary psychology. ymously. Afterwards subjects had to predict their Normal, Illinois, USA Meadows, Brooke A. classmates’ decisions. Indeed, estimates were much Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Psychology, Illinois State University (110, Normal, better than chance. Furthermore, social closeness Psychometric properties of WISC-IV verbal Illinois, USA Philippe-Albrecht, Nona Psychology, (e.g. friendship) influenced the accuracy of predic- subtests (Latvian version) in individual versus Illinois State University (110, Normal, Illinois, USA tions positively. group testing situation Bulimia nervosa seems associated with body Pivovarovs, Andrejs Dept. of Psychology, University objectification, perfectionism, impulsivity, low self- of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Rasˇvska, Malgozˇata Psychology Behavioral analysis of sexuality in relation to esteem, and avoidant coping, with feminism being a Department, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia HIV/AIDS: Commitment in sexual behavior potential buffer. This study extends research on The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Pramod, D. S. Community Counselling, Health Alert determinants of bulimia nervosa by assessing differences of psychometric properties of WISC-IV Organsiation, Deopur, Dhule, India Vaishali, P.S. predictors using the Objectified Body Conscious- five Verbal subtests (Latvian version) between Community counselling, Health Alert Organsiation ness Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, individual and group (writing) testing. The partici- [NGO, Deopur, Dhule, India Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem pants, 470 students aged 11 through 16 were Objectives: To assess Behavioral analysis of Sexu- Scale, the COPE, and the Feminist Identity divided in 5/5 matched samples. Analysis showed ality in relation to HIV/AIDS. Methods: feedback Development Scale. These measures, along with that discrimination indices in individual testing are questionnaire available to all consultants. Results: the BUILT-R (a measure of bulimic symptoms), somewhat higher than in group testing. Mean 35 consultants addressed for study, 68% allopathic, will be administered to 250 females at a public scores in individual testing are higher than in group 20% Ayurvedic & 12% traditional-healers. couples university in the U.S. A hierarchical regression testing, yet only two subtests have statistically screened 21% reported talk about HIV/AIDS analysis will be conducted to asses the contribution significant differences. There are also other persis- affection. 79% kept silence. 78% of agreed to be of these predictors. tent differences of subtests psychometric properties screened after counseling. Conclusion:HIV/AIDS Wednesday 23rd July 2008 511

affection often comes into private conversations of of this research was describing the present factors in consistence condom-use, condom use intention and many couples [ 68 We need to permanent sensitiza- the heath professional chosen to work with sexual disease infection. Condom use specific tion and information and adequate care taking of ‘Equotherapy’. The method had as procedure of support from gatekeepers was rather low in the already affected Lessons learned: Rural/tribal five semi structure interviews. The result (‘content establishments. Gatekeepers’ attitudes toward con- population an iceberg phenomenon. need to shift analyses’) allowed to consider for this group the dom use were positively associated with condom our focus form urban to rural areas where AIDS is motivation say about liking the animal and the use frequency (OR, 1.326; 95%CI: 1.048-1.678) and epidemic. interaction with it and the opportunity to work in intention (ß, 0.127; P?0.001; R2adj, 0.096; F, nature conditions. These professionals find in the 23.728***) among 454 establishment-based FSWs direct observation of therapeutics benefits and the in Guangxi, China. However, they were not Academic achievement in relation to depressive experience of humanity help are the most important associated with sexual disease infection. Health symptomatology, intelligence and motivational link of continuity of this activity. workers should work together with gatekeepers to neuropsychological variables create a supportive local environment for condom Preiss, Marek Dept. of Psychology, Prague Psychiatric use in establishments. In addition, treatment of Center, Prague, Czech Republic Franova, Lenka The neural basis of syllogistic reasoning: An sexual disease will be necessary. Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Prague, Czech event-related potential study Republic Qiu, Jiang School of Psychology, Southwest Project examined relations between academic University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China Pecularities of ethnic identity and ethnic achievement, depressive symptomatology, neurop- Zhang, Qinglin School of Psychology, Southwest stereotypes of young people from mono and sychological variables and intelligence in children University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China multicultural families in Latvia sample (N=814), from elementary schools in The spatiotemporal analysis of brain activation Raschevskis, Vitalijs Social Psychology, Daugavpils Prague. Neuropsychological tests, depressive scale, from syllogistic reasoning and one baseline task University, Daugavpils, Latvia Vorobjovs, Aleksejs academic performance and intelligence were admi- (BST) execution was performed in 14 normal young Social Psychology, Daugavpils University, nistred. Significant relations between school grades adult participants using high-density event-related Daugavpils, Latvia Ruza, Aleksejs Social Psychology, and intelligence, depressive symptomatology and brain potentials (ERPs). Results mainly showed Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia partially neuropsychological variables was found. that (see figure 1): a greater negativity in VSR and The objective of the research is to study peculiarities Common variance of used psychological variables ISR as compared to BST developed 600-700 ms. of ethnic identity and ethnic stereotypes of young for the overall average grades was 25.8% (p,.0001), Dipole source analysis of difference waves (VSR- people from mono and multicultural families in for boys 25.7 and for girls 30.1. When examining BST and ISR -BST) indicated that the negative Latvia. Theoretical background is based on Tajfel’s problematic academic achievement it is necessary to components were mainly localized near the medial and Turner’s social identity theory, Berry’s theory control for depressive symptomatology. Psycholo- frontal cortex/the anterior cingulate cortex, possibly of acculturation, Ericsson’s and Murcia’s theory of gical variables can explain only 1/4 of academic related to the manipulation and integration of identity formation, etc. Two methods have been achievement, 3/4 are necessary to be explained with premise information. used in the research: Phinney’s Multi Ethnic other information. Identity Method (MEIM), and Soldatova’s Types The relationship between socio-economic status of Ethnic Identity Method (TEIM). The results let Development of the Types of Intuition Scale and mental health to make a conclusion peculiarities of ethnic identity (TIntS) Rajaei, Yadollah Zanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran and ethnic stereotypes of young people from mono Pretz, Jean Dept. of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan The aim of this study was to investigate the and multicultural families in Latvia. University, Bloomington, USA Brookings, Jeffrey relationship between socio-economic status (in- Psychology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH, come, education, and occupation) and mental Epidemiology of postpartum anxiety and USA health. 150 employees in Zanjan comprising uni- depressive disorders The TIntS was developed to measure three types of versity heads, professors, teachers, civil servants, Reck, Corinna Inst. fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Universita¨t intuition identified in a recently-published literature laborers, and farmers completed the Mental Health Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany review (Pretz & Totz, 2007): holistic, inferential, Inventory (MHI) and demographic information Objectives: Depressive and Anxiety Disorders are and affective. Holistic intuitions integrate diverse form. Data were analyzed using One- Way ANO- the most frequent mental disorders in the post- sources of information in a Gestalt-like and non- VA and Chi- Square. Results revealed that there partum period. This is the first study on postpartum analytical manner, inferential intuitions are based were significant relation between indexes of SES, anxiety disorders in Germany. Methods: In a two- on previously-analytical processes which have distress and well -being. Significant differences were stage screening procedure a population-based become automatic, and affective intuitions are found between men and women in distress and well representative sample of 1024 postpartum women based on feelings. Items for each type of intuition -being. Finding can be helpful in providing appro- were studied over the first three months postpartum were administered to 170 undergraduates. Relia- priate policies for preventive programs and promot- using DSM-IV-criteria. Results: The estimated rate bility and factor analyses supported the distinction ing public health. of anxiety disorders was 11.1% and of depressive among the three predicted types of intuition, and disorder was 6.1%. Young mothers (, 25 years) the scales were validated by examining correlations Hypnosis in the alleviation of procedure-related with a high education level had a heightened risk of with existing measures of intuition and personality. pain in children with cancer developing depression following delivery. Conclu- Ramı´rez Zamora, Laura Mriam Queretaro, Mexico sions: Controlled studies comparing postpartum Does incentive strength affect response force? Although cancer is not always painful in its own and non-postpartum prevalence of anxiety disor- Puca, Rosa Maria Inst. fu¨ r Bildung, Ruhr-Universita¨t right, these patients undergo numerous painful ders are required, as well as specialized programmes Bochum, Bochum, Germany Rinkenauer, Gerhard procedures including lumbar puncture (LP) and for prevention and treatment. Modern Human-Machine Systems, IfADo, Dortmund, bone marrow aspiration (BMA) Objectives 1) Germany Examine the efficacy of a hypnotic intervention in Impact of violent computer games on memory In two experiments we assessed whether behavioral reducing procedure-related pain and anxiety during consolidation and concentrativeness strength is modulated by incentive strength. Parti- PL and BMA among patients with leukemia 2) Rehbein, Florian KFN, Universita¨ t Hannover, cipants had to press a force key, whenever a number Adapt a coping pain questionnaire, a distress Hannover, Germany Mo¨ ßle, Thomas Medienn. und appeared on the screen. Positive, negative numbers behavioral scale and the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Schulleistung, KFN, Hannover, Germany Kleimann, and zero indicated the amount of points they could Scale for Children to Mexican population. 3) Matthias Medienn. und Schulleistung, KFN, either win or loose. Experiment 1 revealed that Explore changes in coping and hypnotic respon- Hannover, Germany response force increased with the amount of points. siveness after hypnotic intervention Methods 20 Objectives: To test the hypothesis whether the In Experiment 2 this finding was replicated. An pediatric leukemia patients undergoing regular LP perception of media violence especially videogames additional control group, however, in which parti- and BMA in a cuasiexperimental design with results in lower performances in memory, learning cipants were instructed just to respond to the repeated measures. Pilot results will be presented and attention. Methods: Experiment (between- presented numbers, did not show any response subjects design). 360 participants aged 18-25. force effects. Thus, our findings strongly suggest Relationship of gatekeepers’ attitude toward Treatment: Non-violent filmlets, violent filmlets, that incentive strength affects response force. condom use and condom use behavior of female non-violent videogames, violent videogames and sex workers in China non-media leisure activities. Outcome measures: Equotherapy: Health professionals speaks on Ran, Zhao and Economy, Central University of School related memory and learning performance their motivations for the exercise of this work Finance, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Fang, (VVM: Visueller und Verbaler Merkfa¨higkeitstest; Pugas, Mirela Mackenzie University, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil Xiaoyi Institute of developmental Psy, Beijing Normal WERNICKO: Fictional language acquisition), Yabuki, Renata Psychology Course, Mackenzie Univery, China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Li, attention performance (KLT-R: Konzentrations- University, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil Becker, Elisabth Po´s- Xiaoming medical school, Wayne State University, Leistungs-Test). Results: Statistical evaluation in- graduation, Mackenzie University, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil USA, Detroit, USA dicating impairment of concentrativeness in violent The horse is an animal applied as a therapeutic To explore gatekeepers’ attitudes toward condom videogame usage but no impairment of memory resource for its useful characteristics. The objective use, and to assess their association with FSWs’ performance. Conclusion: Our findings are 512 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

strengthening the ‘‘Modified-Information-Proces- Mexico City. The scales present Cronbach’s Alpha socio-cultural pressure) and their path leading to sing-Hypothesis’’ rather than the ‘‘Delition-Hypth- values from 0.78 to 0.91, factor and structural bulimia, anorexia and binge eating as mediated by esis’’. equation modeling analysis were performed, the self-esteem and well-being among 137 college results shows an underlying theoretical construct to women. Three models were tested using path the four constructs referred previously. analysis. Model 1 showed that body image sig- Coping strategies and personal strengths and nificantly affects self-esteem and well-being. When difficulties in internationally adopted children the model was constricted, perfectionism had a Reinoso, Marta Dept. de Personalitat, Universitat de Disentangling the working memory impairment significant effect on self-esteem and well-being in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Forns, Maria in ADHD addition to the effects of body image. The third Personalitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Rhodes, Sinead Psychology, University of Stirling, model shows the best fit. Self-esteem and well-being Spain Stirling, United Kingdom Park, Joanne Psychology, mediates the effect of body image and perfectionism This study analyzes the type of coping strategies University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom Seth, to bulimia. used by international adopted children and their Sarah Psychiatry, University of Dundee, Dundee, relationship with personal strengths and difficulties. United Kingdom Coghill, David Psychiatry, University The Kidcope (Spirito et al., 1998) and the Strengths of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom Romantic love, physical attraction and sexual and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, Research investigating the specific nature of the behaviour in Mexican adolescents 1997) were administered to a sample of 50 working memory (WM) impairment in Attention Robles Montijo, Silvia Susana Investigacio´ n-UIICSE, internationally adopted children (50% boys and Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is lacking. FES Iztacala-UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Mexico Dı´az 50% girls) and their parents, respectively. The Here we investigated executive and non-executive Loving, Rolando Investigaciones Psicosociales, subjects were recruited from several adoptive aspects of verbal and spatial WM functioning in Facultad de Psicologı´a, UNAM, Me´xico, D.F., Mexico parents associations of Barcelona (Spain). Self- children with ADHD. Twenty-seven drug naı¨ve This study evaluated the relationship between reported problems were categorized and their boys with ADHD (age range 7-13) and matched physical attraction and romantic love with the relationship to coping strategies and psychological controls performed a range of specifically designed intention of having sex and using condoms in adjustment was explored. The results are discussed and standardized WM tasks. Children with ADHD adolescents with and without sexual experience. within the framework of Lazarus and Folkman’s were impaired on visuo-spatial but not on a non- The participants were 300 Mexican teenagers (mean stress and coping model (1984). executive verbal WM task requiring the ability to age of 15.2 years), 50% with sexual intercourse maintain information in memory. The current data experience. The results indicated that intention of disentangles the WM impairment in ADHD Love addiction: The role of personality in its having sexual intercourse was related to physical suggesting particular difficulties in executive aspects understanding attraction in adolescents with no sexual experience of visuo-spatial WM. Retana, Blanca Mexico City, Mexico Sa´ nchez, and only with intense sexual desire in those who Rozzana Psychology Social, UNAM, Distrito Federal, already have had sexual experience. The intention Mexico Is genetic information helpful or harmful? A to use condoms was related to romantic love in The addiction to love is in our days, a pathological randomised clinical trial adolescents with no sexual experience and it was consequence of many personal and situational Rief, Winfried Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t related to physical attraction and passionate love variables that are related (Retana-Franco, 2007). Marburg, Marburg, Germany only in sexually experienced teenagers. Among these, the personality traits play an The emerging success of genetic research leads to important role in the way the lover feels, thinks more and more knowledge about the heredity of Beliefs about the future and behaves being close and far from his/her object several disorders. However, the question arises Rocca, Claudia Psychology, Carleton University, of love. Based on this, the purpose of this research whether this genetic information is helpful or Ottawa, Canada Thorngate, Warren Psychology, was to measure persistence, anxiety, obsessiveness, harmful for affected people. We investigated 300 Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada despair, sense of emergency, and others traits in people with obesity, and they received either a In a world that is undergoing change, it’s important order to identify the personality profile of these psychological consultation including information to determine young adults’ expectations about the lovers. Findings will be described in terms of the on genetic determinants of obesity, or a psycholo- future. Here we examine what students from literature of love, passion, addictions to substances gical consultation without genetic information. different countries think about their own futures and gender differences. Group allocation was per randomisation. Results and that of the world. Participants from Canada indicated that the inclusion of genetic information and Iran completed a questionnaire assessing future is only warranted for a subgroup of people with The emotional regulation process of jealousy: expectations for themselves and the world. The obesity, namely those with clear individual evidence The case of homo and heterosexuals lovers results give insights about cultural differences in for genetic determinants (family history of obesity Retana, Blanca Mexico City, Mexico Sa´ nchez, or MC4R-mutation). individual’s personal views and expectations of Rozzana Psychology Social, National Autonomous their futures the world’s. We want to determine if University, Distrito Federal, Mexico beliefs about the future are related to gender and Jealousy is an emotion that emerges when the Questionnaire for Obsessive Compulsive age, and see if the methodology is useful for individual perceives a real or imaginary threat to Disorder Diagnoses (Q-OCDD): Psychometric exploring cultural differences in images of the the exclusivity with a love one (Dı´az-Loving, properties in a clinical group future. Rivera- Arago´n & Flores-Galaz, 1989). In this Rivas Moya, Teresa Psychobiology and Methodology, context of romantic jealousy, the experience evokes University of Ma´ laga, Ma´ laga, Spain Gavino, Aurora high vulnerability. Due to its intensity and the Psychobiology and Methodology, Ma´ laga University, Conflict emergence and conflict management in strong consequences in the emotional life, it appears Ma´ laga, Spain Planas, Amanda Psychobiology and developing scientific innovations necessary to explore the processes involved in the Methodology, Ma´laga University, Ma´laga, Spain Rocholl, Anne Berlin, Germany Schulze, Anna way the individual cope with the emotion and with This study focuses on the validation of the Dorothea Organizational Psychology, Humboldt the object of love (Gross & Thompson, 2007). The Questionnaire for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany present research studied in 200 Mexican adults Diagnoses (Q-OCDD; Planas, Rivas and Gavino, The genesis of scientific innovation is characterized (50% homo & 50% heterosexual) the five processes 2004; Rivas, Planas and Gavino, 2004) in a Clinical by conflicts and controversies. If they are handled that allow examine the main mechanism to regulate Group. 17 subjects aged 16-57 answered the Q- constructively, the process of innovation proceeds Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 the emotion and the particular strategies. OCDD, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale more constructively, too. In 50 problem-centred (YBSR(A); Baer, Brown-Beasley, et al., 1993) and interviews with researchers in basic research and underwent a Clinical Interview based on DSM-IV- applied research in the field of genetic engineering, Is there a common construct underlying the need R. Agreement between raters is 0.87. Convergence/ we analyzed the process of innovation from an early for cognition, perfectionism, industriousness and Divergence between the classification of Q-OCDD stage to the implementation in new products and persistence? and YBSR(A) scores are shown. Criterion validity methods. In longitudinal studies we followed the Reyes Lagunes, Isabel Facultad de Psicologı´a, UNAM, of Q-OCDD categories in relation to DSM-IV-R development of six projects. Based on this, we Me´ xico, Mexico Garcı´a-y-Barraga´ n, Luis Felipe criteria shows moderate sensitivity (78.6) and high created a model which shows the main steps of Facultad de Psicologı´a, UNAM, Me´ xico, Mexico specificity (100) in detecting OCD. The clinical and innovation development. We demonstrate how Correa-Romero, Fredi E. Facultad de Psicologı´a, theoretical implications of these results are dis- these accompany the handling of conflicts. UNAM, Me´ xico, Mexico cussed. In this poster is presented the adaptation and validation of five scales from four different Effects of psychotherapy and exercise-training on theoretical approximations and the relation be- Thinness and beauty: When food becomes the psychosocial and physiological parameters of tween them, the constructs evaluated were Need for enemy HIV-1 positive persons cognition, Perfectionism (2 different scales), indus- Robles, Delma Center for Counseling Services, De La Rojas, Roberto Station B3, Klinik Roseneck, Prien am triousness and Persistence. The sample was no Salle-College of St. Ben, Manila, Philippines Chiemsee, Germany Hautzinger, Martin Abteilung probabilistic, intentionally conformed by 446 parti- The study examines self-construal variables (per- Klinische Psychologi, Universita¨t Tu¨ bingen, cipants (male = 47%; Age M=23, SD=9) from fectionism, body image, ideal body shape, and Tu¨ bingen, Germany Schlicht, Wolfgang Institut fu¨r Wednesday 23rd July 2008 513

Sportwissenschaft, Universita¨ t Stuttgart, Stuttgart, What do people with disabilities desire from their Changes in the cognitive restructuring technique Germany service organizations of personal assistance? during the psychological treatment The present study was designed to compare the Roos, John Magnus Inst. of Psychologie, University of Ruiz, Elena Biological & Health Psychology, effects of a psychotherapy intervention and an Gothenburg, Go¨ teborg, Sweden Hjelmquist, Erland Universidad Auto´ noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain exercise-training program on psychosocial and Department of Psychology, Go¨ teborg University, Calero, Ana Psidologia Biologica y Salud, Universidad physiological parameter in a sample of HIV-1 Go¨ teborg, Sweden Thoren-Jo¨ nsson, Anna-Lisa Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Montano, ´ ´ positive persons. A pre-, post-test design with two Neuroscience and Physiology, Go¨ teborg University, Montserrat PSICOLOGIA BIOLOGICA Y SALUD, UNIVERSIDAD AUTO´ NOMA DE MADRID, MADRID, experimental groups (psychotherapy, n= 20; ex- Go¨ teborg, Sweden The present study investigated what adult users of Spain Frojan, Marı´a Xesu´sPSICOLOGI´A BIOLO´ GICA Y ercise, n= 19) and a control group (n= 14) was Swedish personal assistance desire of their service SALUD, UNIVERSIDAD AUTO´ NOMA DE MADRID, carried out. Health-related quality of life improved organizations. Qualitative analysis of interviews MADRID, Spain significantly in the exercise and in the psychother- with 12 users gave five categories: (1) Interact with The aim of the present work is to analyze the apeutical group relative to the control group. the user in a service-minded way, (2) mediate changes in the restructuring technique as the Coping strategies, as well as immune indices between users and personal assistants, (3) provide treatment progresses. We observed 10 recorded remained invariable in the three groups. Findings good work conditions for personal assistants, (4) sessions of a single case who requested treatment in suggested that exercise and psychotherapy inter- represent the user politically and (5) have a proper a private centre. 6 segments of restructuring were ventions enhance health-related quality of life in ideology of personal assistance. The results were randomly selected and analyzed with The Observer HIV-1 positive individuals. discussed in relation to theories of customer desires. XT and a coding system for the verbal behaviour of The first category corresponds to desires of service therapists and clients. Results show changes in the customers in general, while the other four categories verbalizations of the therapist and the client during Internal structure of the DBAS-18 in a sample of are more specific for personal assistance. the application of the technique. In the long term it Spanish elderly means an advance in a general model which will Rojas, Antonio Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de guide a more systematic use of the technique. Granada, Granada, Spain Sierra, Juan Carlos Facultad Developmental study about textual and de PsicologA˜ -a, Universidad de Granada, Granada, extratextual inferences and its relationchip with Relation between verbal recall memory and facial Spain Lo´ pez, Carmen AEPC, AEPC, Granada, Spain working memory affect perception in schizophrenia Sanchez, Arturo AEPC, AEPC, Granada, Spain Rosende, Marta PSICOLOGI´A EVOLUTIVA Y DE LA E, This study analysed internal structure of the UNIVERSITY OF LA CORUN˜ A, LA CORUN˜ A, Spain Ruiz, Juan Carlos Facultad de Psicologia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Dası´, Carmen FACULTAD Spanish DBAS-18 using the sample of 433 Spanish Vieiro, Pilar Psicologia Evolutiva, University of La DE PSICOLOGI´A, UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA, elderly (age: M = 68.25; SD = 8.99). Four factors Coruna, La Coruna, Spain VALENCIA, Spain Soler, Marı´a Jose´ FACULTAD DE yielded by Sierra et al. (2006) in a Spanish shift- The aim of this work is to analyze the relationship between textual vs. extratextual inferences and PSICOLOGI´A, UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA, VALENCIA, workers sample obtaining different values of inter- ´ working memory. One hundred and twenty subjects Spain Fuentes, Inma FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA, nal consistency: Consequences of the insomnia on were used (40 from 4th primary grade; 40 from 2nd UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA, VALENCIA, Spain ´ the diurnal yield/functioning (a = .73), Control and Primary grade and 40 from University). three on- Jaramillo, Paola FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA, prediction of the sleep (a = .50), Consequences of line proofs were used to measure inferences and UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA, VALENCIA, Spain Toma´s, the insomnia on the physical and mental health (a = three different versions of Reading span Test were Pilar CRIS - VELLUTERS, CRIS - VELLUTERS, 0.75), and Expectations on the association sleep-age used to measure working memory as independent VALENCIA, Spain (a = .50). The factor analysis conducted afterwards variable. Results showed:a) significant differences Patients with schizophrenia have a consistent deficit drew out another four factors but not with hardly according to WM in 2nd grade students in the use in facial affect perception. This deficit might underlie the poor adaptive functioning of schizo- any coherence. of textual inferences; b) significant use of textual phrenic patients and could be attributed to impair- generation in 3rd garde group; c) significant ments in basic neurocognitive domains. This study developmental differences between three groups in explores the relationship between emotion percep- Psychometrics properties of Athens Insomnia generation of both inference types. Keywords: tion measured using the Face Emotion Identifica- Scale-5 in a Spanish sample inferences, reading comprehension, working mem- tion Test (FEIT) and the Face Emotion Rojas, Antonio Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de ory. Granada, Granada, Spain Sierra, Juan Carlos Facultad Discrimination Test (FEDT) (Kerr & Neale, de PsicologA˜ -a, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 1993), and two verbal recall tests: immediate and Spain Sanchez, Arturo AEPC, AEPC, Granada, Spain Enemies: Their purpose in our Lives delayed recall in a sample of 45 patients. Results This work shows the psychometric properties of Rourke, Jessica Victoria, BC, Canada Gifford, Robert show a significant association between recall tasks Athens Insomnia Scale-5 (Soldatos et al., 2000) in Dept. of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, and the FEDT. The implications of the results in Spanish sample of 237 adults (mean age = 50.89; Canada the study of neurocognition and social cognition are discussed. SD = 20.67) (41.8% for men and 58.2 for women). The need for enemies was examined. We hypothe- The exploratory factor analysis has yielded only sized that participants would report a need for enemies, having previously had enemies, and that one factor that explains 49.43% of the variance, Collective efficay, civic culture, fear to crime, enemies serve a purpose. The participants were 141 showing internal consistency of .74, better than the perception of police, emotional climate and undergraduates at a Canadian university. On open- values obtained by Guilera et al. (2006) using victimization: A exploratory study in Bogota ended and checklist items, 15% expressed a need for Ruiz Pe´ rez, Jose Ignacio Psychology, Universidad Spanish university students sample. The scale did enemies, 79% had experienced at least one enemy in not show the capacity to differentiate between men Nacional de Colomb, Bogota´ , Colombia Cepeda their lifetime, and 41% believed that enemies serve a Go´ mez, Diana Magaly Psychology, Universidad and women, but the results indicated significant purpose (e.g., motivating them to improve and as a Nacional de Colomb, Bogota´ , Colombia correlation with the age (r = .20; p , .01). means of social comparison). Those with higher Recent research show collective efficacy is a self-esteem reported a greater need for enemies. relevant variable in community impact of delin- Perhaps counter-intuitively, enemies may often play The implications of depression and the main quency, fear to crime and health problems. In this Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 a valuable role in people’s lives. impact on the human body paper relationships between collective efficay, civic Romero Molina, Adriana Metepec, Mexico culture, and perception of police, victimization and The present work has the objective to analyze the The psychology of internet activity emotional climate and crime victimization is pre- sented. Data were obtained from a non-randomized main implications of depression and its impact in Rudnicka, Patrycja Inst. of Psychology, University of sample of university students (three institutions) the bodies of the five subjects; for this end it was Silesia, Katowice, Poland and neighbors of Bogota´. implemented a qualitative study. Autobiographical Despite the Internet becomes important part of techniques, semi structured interviews and a pro- everyday life, significant differences in its dispersion jective technique was applied to this investigation, and use are being observed. Demographic, environ- Psychosocial subgroups in patients with chronic such techniques were implemented to the five adult mental and individual factors are mentioned as key pain: Evidence for maladaptive pain-related issues. However their relationships and influence on women that attended psychological attention re- coping within the dysfunctional group based on internet activity is still to be explored from the Multidimensional Pain Inventory garding depression. The results that were obtained psychological perspective. Based on data gathered Rusu, Adina Carmen Inst. fu¨ r Medizin. Psychologie, show that the subjects present symptoms such as from over 1000 students, cluster analysis and Ruhr-Universita¨ t Bochum, Bochum, Germany insomnia, gastrointestinal difficulties, headaches, structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to Hasenbring, Monika Med. Psychology & Sociolog, pain on the neck area and finally, weakening of the identify and estimate causal relationships between Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Bochum, Germany psychomotor functions. These symptoms make psychological factors and patterns of internet use. Background: To examine the relationship between identifiable the body‘s implications that its brings Study results show self-efficacy, anxiety and atti- the Dysfunctional group, based on the Multi- with itself a depression. tudes significant factors shaping internet activity. dimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), and dysfunc- 514 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

tional pain-related coping strategies. Methods: 120 Prevalence of dissociation among German speaking women samples with different cultures. chronic pain patients were assigned to MPI groups adolescents and the relations to academic METHOD. HISA was administered to 300 Salva- and compared on pain-related fear-avoidance cop- achievement and media use dorian women and 227 Spanish women. RE- ing (FAC) and endurance coping (EC) measured by Sann, Uli Inst. fu¨r Pa¨ dagog. Psychologie, Universita¨t SULTS. For the Salvadorian sample, items 14, 19, the Kiel Pain Inventory. Results: Dysfunctional Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany 20, and 22 showed lower item-total correlations; the patients reported more anxiety/depression, help-/ Objectives: The study aimed at examining the hypothesized one-factor solution accounted for hopelessness, catastrophizing and thought suppres- prevalence of dissociation and its connection to 31.50% of the variance and alpha coefficient was sion than did adaptive copers. However, subgroups academic achievement. Methods: 1784 German .89. For the Spanish sample, items 8, 20, and 22 did not differ with regard to endurance behaviour secondary school students were surveyed. Data obtained lower item-total correlations; the one- and avoidance of social and physical activity. was analyzed by means of hierarchical regression factor model accounted for 31.97% of the variance Conclusions: Future studies should investigate the and path analysis. Results: 12,6% of the students and alpha coefficient was .90. In addition, similar contribution of thought suppression and endurance (response rate 88 %) showed high dissociation results were reported from both samples behaviour within the MPI groups and unravel the scores signifying pathological dissociation. This prevalence was higher than that for antisocial complex relationship between pain-related FAC Emotional labor and impression management in behaviour and emotional distress. While dissocia- and EC. the local tourism industry tion showed no relation with academic achieve- ment, it was related with the use of media. Sarabia - Ridad, Chizanne Psychology Dept., Negros Oriental State Univ., Dumaguete City, Philippines Self-concept, attachment security and Conclusions: The high prevalence of severe dis- ABSTRACT This research is considered to be a motivation of achievement in university students sociation suggests continuing research on the prime study in the Philippine context. This study Sabelnikova, Natalia Pedagogical Institute, Barnaul relation between dissociation and social function- attempted to establish the relationship between State Pedagog. Univer., Barnaul, Russia ing. emotional labor and impression management in the The purpose of the study was to investigate relation local tourism industry. A total of 160 respondents between peculiarities of young adults’ motivation of Gender and hierarchical level effects in using working as frontline staff were asked to answer the achievement, attachment and the particular aspects interpersonal influence tactics in Brazilian questionnaires. Two sets of questionnaires were of their self-concepts (self-respect, self-interest, self- organizations used to gather the data: (1) Emotional Labor acceptance, etc.). Subjects were 147 university Santille, Alexandre Experimental Psychol, Instrument; and (2) the Balance Inventory of students. The following instruments were employed: Universidade de Sa˜ o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Andrade Desirable Responding (BIDR), which included Motivation Questionnaire by Kubyshkin; Experi- da Silva, Gabriela Experimental Psychol, impression management. Emotional labor is evi- ence in Close relationships Inventory (ECR) by Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil Otta, dent, regardless of reported impression manage- Brennan, Clark and Shaver and Self-Attitude Emma Experimental Psychology, Universidade de ment strategies. The results also serve as a tool to Questionnaire by Stolin. Results show differences Sa˜ o Paulo, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil Samartini, Andre´ IMQ, increase awareness about the tendencies towards in attachment of the subjects with different levels of Fundac¸a˜ o Getu´ lio Vargas, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil job exploitation and psychologically hazardous aspiration for competition and social prestige. The To investigate gender and hierarchical level effects working environments. level of aspiration for competition differs also in in using interpersonal influence in Brazilian orga- students with different peculiarities of self-concepts. nizations, 141 agents and 274 targets (subordinates, Cognitive behaviour therapy on emotional and Self-concepts of students with different attachment peers and bosses) filled a questionnaire evaluating personality factors styles are also examined. Implications of the results 11 influence tactics. Results showed that influence are discussed. tactics usage were affected by hierarchic level of the Saraladevi, K.K. Dept. of Physical Science, Mesten target more than by the gender of the target. College of Education, Chennai, India Nonetheless, male agents reported greater usage This investigation focusses on emotional and Image is everything?: The effects of industry than their targets of most of the tactics, while personality factors among college students. 200 groups images on private investors willingness female agents evaluated themselves similarly to college students from 18 to 25 years age group were to invest their targets. Also, we found that there were selected and their emotional and personality factors Sachse, Katharina Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, FR 2-6, differences between self and others evaluations were tested and pre-test scores were noted. They Technische Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany concerning tactics usage, suggesting the importance were given cognitive behaviour therapy were given Jungermann, Helmut Psychologie, FR 2-6, TU Berlin, of conducting both analysis in future research. for three weeks along with deep muscle relaxation. Berlin, Germany Then their anxiety, anger, depression states, happi- According to traditional theories of finance the ness, self confidence, concentration and emotional willingness to invest in stocks is determined by risk Mood congruence effects in depressed patient’s intelligence were measured. Data were statistically and return. Yet, studies have shown that other childhood memories analysed through ’C.R’, correlation coefficicient factors like e.g. the ‘‘home’’ of the company also Santos, Joa˜o Barreiro, Portugal Cla´ udio, Victor and ’F’ test. conclutions. There were significant affect investment decisions. We hypothesized that Clı´nica, ISPA, Lisboa, Portugal differences between pre-test and post-test scores of another factor is the image of industry groups, such The objective of this study was to ascertain whether anxiety, anger, depression states happiness, self as Software or Media. 140 participants were asked or not depressed individuals show a mood con- confidence, concentration and emotional intelli- to invest (hypothetically) 50.000 J in funds of gruency effect when remembering their childhood gence among college students before and after different industry groups. Subjects also had to memories. The results of two groups – one with applying CBT assess the image of these industries. A regression fifteen subjects without a previous history of analysis showed that the amount invested was best psychopathology and the other composed of fifteen subjects with a depression diagnosis – were Study on the evolution of the personality predicted by the image. Perceived risk and benefit compared using an Autobiographical Memory disorders in a day hospital were significant predictors as well. Task, the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trace Sarmiento Luque, Teresa Barcelona, Spain Aguirre, Anxiety Inventory and a Schema Questionnaire. Candida PSYCHIATRY, FUNDACION HOSPITAL DE MOLLET, BARCELONA, Spain Sanchez, Jose Maria The role of emotions in conflict resolution The results showed the inexistence of a mood PSYCHIATRY, FUNDACION HOSPITAL DE MOLLET, strategies in cross-sex friendships of adolescents congruency effect, which suggests that childhood Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 BARCELONA, Spain Fabregat, Vicente PSYCHIATRY, Salanga, Maria Guadalupe Corpuz Counseling & memories aren’t as biased as more recent ones. This FUNDACION HOSPITAL DE MOLLET, BARCELONA, Educational Psych, De La Salle University, Manila, discrepancy can be useful in therapeutical work. Spain Borrego, Raquel PSYCHIATRY, FUNDACION Philippines HOSPITAL DE MOLLET, BARCELONA, Spain A between-groups experiment was conducted to Reliability and factor structure of the Hurlbert Corominas, Antoni PSYCHIATRY, FUNDACION examine the effect of appeasement and supplication Index of sexual assertiviness from a transcultural HOSPITAL DE MOLLET, BARCELONA, Spain emotions evidenced by the target on conflict study OBJETIVE: To determine the predictive factor of resolution strategies utilized by the other individual Santos, Pablo Granada University, Granada, Spain response in patients with personality disorders. in the conflict exchange. One hundred eighty-six Sierra, Juan Carlos Personality, Assessment and Ps, DESIGN & METHOD: 40. Sociodemographic, participants were randomly assigned to vignettes Granada University, Granada, Spain Ortega, Virgilio historical and clinical variables (SCL-90/GSI) were depicting their involvement in a conflict with an Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain collected at the admission. The following variables opposite sex friend evidencing either appeasement Gutierrez, Ricardo Psychology, Granada University, were assessed throughout the treatment: Social or supplication emotions. Participants then rated Granada, Spain Maeso, Marı´a Dolores Psychology, Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale, Coping Orienta- the strategies they would likely utilize to handle the Behavioral Psychology Spanish, Granada, Spain tions to Problems Experienced and the Simplified conflict. Results of one-way analysis of variance Gomez, Pilar Psychology, Behavioral Psychology questionnaire of adhesion and therapeutic compli- reveal that appeasement emotions led the other Spanish, Granada, Spain ance. Data collected at discharge: SCL-90/GSI, individual to use proactive resolution strategies OBJECTIVE. Reliability and factor structure of the personality (SCID-II), intelligence (WAIS-III) and while supplication emotions led to the use of passive Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertiviness (HISA; questionnaire of satisfaction with treatment. The resolution strategies. Hurlbert, 1991) were examined in two Spanish- analyses: bivariant test and logistic regression. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 515

RESULTS: The variables ‘‘suppression of compet- spatial tapping task. In Experiment 3, the set size of Validation and standardization of the test of ing activities and venting of emotions’’ are posi- the primary task was reduced and the secondary every day attention for children in Flanders and tively related and ‘‘religion’’ is negatively. spatial tapping task resulted in faster RTs during the Netherlands CONCLUSIONS: Perception and coping strategies the relearning session: a finding consistent with a Schittekatte, Mark Dept. Psychology, Ghent are predictors of improvement. contextual interference effect. These results suggest University, Gent, Belgium Fontaine, Johnny that the visuospatial sketchpad plays a crucial role Testpracticum PPW, Ghent University, Ghent, in associative learning. Belgium de Clerck, Stefaan Testpracticum PPW, Face validity in personality tests: Psychometric Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Groenvynck, Hans instruments and projective techniques in Testpracticum PPW, Ghent University, Ghent, comparison Evaluation of Japanese college students with Belgium Sartori, Riccardo Dept. of Psychology, University of ADHD-related problems: A comparison between The Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA- Verona, Verona, Italy morningness and eveningness groups Ch) is a promising battery to measure attentional Objectives: Face validity differentiates personality Sato, Toshihiko Health and Social Services, Tohoku tests such as projective techniques and psychometric processes developed in Australia (Manly et al., Bunka Gakuen Univ., Sendai, Japan 1999). The test consists of nine subtests which are instruments. People were asked to compare the two To evaluate a relationship between ADHD and kinds of tests on the mere basis of their surface. mend to measure three functionally separable nocturnal life, or continuous phase-shifting of the attention systems, namely Selective Attention, Methods: 238 participants were administered an ad circadian rhythm to the later hours, 497 students hoc tool. Data were analyzed using techniques of Sustained Attention and higher level ‘‘executive’’ answered a questionnaire, which included items control. The test was validated and standardized on Correspondence Analysis. Results: Personality tests from the Japanese versions of the Morningness- are judged in two dimensions: the aesthetic and the a sample of 293 healthy Australian children Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the College- between the ages of 6 and 16. However, general- efficacy. Although participants acknowledge that level ADHD Questionnaire (CAQ). The students psychometric instruments are credible and scienti- izability of psychological instruments to other were divided into three subgroups based on their cultural groups cannot be merely assumed. The fic, there is a clear preference for projective MEQ scores: Morning, Intermediate, and Evening techniques, principally by females, people younger focus of the cross cultural current research is the types. One-factor ANOVAs and post-hoc tests need for ‘local’ norms. than 22 and participants with lower education (p , revealed that the Evening group reported a .05). Conclusions: The aesthetic dimension seems to significantly higher score on inattention and hyper- prevail over the efficacy dimension. activity than other groups (p , 0.05), and also Relevance of spatial frequencies for the reported a higher score on impulsivity than the attentional bias to threatening faces Acquiescence and social desirability in the Italian Intermediate group. Schmidt-Daffy, Martin Biopsychologie/ version of the Balanced Emotional Empathy Neuroergonomics, Technische Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Scale (BEES) by Mehrabian Performance monitoring and decision making in Three experiments investigated whether an atten- Sartori, Riccardo Dept. of Psychology, University of patients with borderline personality disorder tional bias to threat is mediated by information Verona, Verona, Italy Schu¨ rmann, Beate Inst. fu¨ r Klin. Psychologie, Objectives: The study has investigated the effects of contained in low spatial frequencies. In each Humboldt-Universita¨ t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany experiment 24 male students completed a visual- acquiescence and social desirability in the Balanced Kathmann, Norbert Clinical Psychology, Humboldt- Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) by Mehrabian, dot-probe-task with low- and high-pass filtered University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Renneberg, pictures of different facial expressions. Confronted which is a self-report instrument for the measure- Babette Psychology, University of Frankfurt a. M., ment of emotional empathy. Methods: 204 partici- with neutral expressions angry expressions (threa- Franfurt am Main, Germany Endrass, Tanja Clinical tening) attract more attention than happy expres- pants were administered the 30 items of the BEES Psychology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, together with 9 items from the Social Desirability sions, especially when low-pass filtered pictures Germany were used. However, attention towards angry and Scale (SDS) by Marlowe and Crowne. The data Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) were analyzed using techniques of Linear Correla- happy expressions did not differ when directly are characterized by marked impulsive behaviour confronted. Results are in line with the assumption tion and Analysis of Variance. Results and Con- associated with diminished action monitoring and clusions: Results show that the responses to the that a threatening signal contained in low spatial deficits in decision making. Despite its relevance for frequencies increases attention for salient percep- items of the BEES are not affected by acquiescence, goal directed behaviour little is known about the but, though not in a particularly marked way, by tual information independent of its emotional neurobiological correlates of these processes in valence. social desirability (r between BEES and SDS = .21, patients with BPD. In the present study, decision p , .001). making was examined in patients with BPD and matched healthy controls while performing a An improved scoring procedure for the name Prediction of psychiatrists on the incidence of modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task. Letter task Egorrhea symptoms among university students Performance monitoring was obtained by measur- Schmukle, Stefan Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t in Japan ing the error-related negativity after erroneous Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Krause, Sascha Department Sasaki, Jun Dep.Cogn.Behav.Sci., University of responses and negative feedback. The results reveal of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Tanno, Yoshihiko alterations of performance monitoring and decision Germany Back, Mitja Department of Psychology, Dep.Cogn.Behav.Sci., University of Tokyo, Tokyo, making in patients with BPD. University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Egloff, Boris Japan Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Objectives: People with ‘‘egorrhea’’ symptoms (ES: Is it always better to share?: Differential Kasahara, 1972) feel that private information (i.e. In the name letter task participants report their associations of couples’ shared possible selves emotions and thoughts) ‘‘leak out,’’ and it is liking for all letters of the alphabet. Conventionally, with psychological well-being as a function of a score of implicit self-esteem is computed for each regarded as a serious clinical condition. The aim marital quality of the present study was to investigate the predic- participant as the difference between the evaluation Schindler, Ines Dept. of Psychology, University of tions of psychiatrists on the incidence of ES among of her/his initial letters and the corresponding Utah, Salt Lake City, USA Berg, Cynthia A. university students. Methods: Using a twelve-item evaluation by participants whose initials did not Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, instrument designed to assess ES, the prediction of include those letters. We introduce a new scoring Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 USA Butler, Jorie M. Psychology, University of Utah, psychiatrists on the incidence of egorrhea and its procedure that additionally controls for differences Salt Lake City, UT, USA Fortenberry, Katherine T. actual incidence were compared. Results: The in evaluation tendencies between participants. We Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, actual incidence of egorrhea was higher than the could demonstrate its superiority by showing that USA Wiebe, Deborah J. Southwestern Medical predicted incidence. Conclusions: Japanese psychia- the improved but not the conventional scoring leads Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA trists might tend to diagnose ES as a clinical to a theoretically predicted moderation effect: We examined effects of sharing possible selves with problem. Implicit and explicit self-esteem were positively one’s spouse for psychological well-being, which we correlated only for participants low in deliberation. hypothesized to depend on marital quality. Both The role of the visuospatial sketchpad in members of 61 couples (38-84 years) coping with associative learning the husband’s prostate cancer completed assess- Retraumatization: A review Sasaki, Takashi Department of Education, Keio ments of possible selves, marital quality, and Schock, Katrin Research, Behandlungszentrum University, Japan, Tokyo, Japan psychological well-being. Using our coding system Folteropfer, Berlin, Germany Knavelsrud, Christine Three experiments were conducted to investigate for shared selves, we found that a higher percentage Research Department, Center for Torture Victims, the role of the visuospatial sketchpad in associative of couple’s shared selves was related to greater Berlin, Germany learning. Experiment 1 demonstrated that spatial purpose in life and self-acceptance in happily Objectives: Retraumatization is a frequently cited tapping was more disruptive than articulatory married spouses. Unhappily married spouses re- but ill-defined condition. In general the term is used suppression during an associative learning task. ported less environmental mastery with more to describe aggravations of PTSD symptoms due a This effect was confirmed in Experiment 2 using the shared selves. We concluded that sharing possible stressor related to the initial traumatic experience. relearning method to examine the effect of the selves is an asset only for happily married couples. Aim of this presentation is to give an overview of 516 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

current concepts of retraumatization. Methods: Positive faces, words and scenes facilitate 3 areas of concerns. Self was the most common Review of research literature. Results: Based on approach choice in 4 areas of concerns. The study confirms the literature review dimensions were identified Schulz, Stefan M. Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie 1, Universita¨t that preferential helpers are conditional to the which provide a coordinate system for the defini- Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Gerdes, Antje B. nature of problem. tion of retraumatization: 1) duration/intensity of Department of Psychology 1, University of Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Alpers, Georg W. Department of initial symptoms 2) duration/intensity of current The study of hand function in chronic Psychology 1, University of Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, symptoms 3) nature of the retraumatizing event. schizophrenia Germany Conclusion: Current research is characterized by Shafaroudi, Narges Occupational Therapy, Shool of Facilitation of compatible movements (approach very heterogenic definitions of retraumatization. Rehabilitat. Science, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran vs. avoidance) in response to emotional stimuli Dori, Fatemeh Occupational Therapy, Shool of The proposed dimensions allow a comparison of (positive vs. negative) has been found with different these diverse approaches. Rehabilitat.ion Scien, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran tasks, stimuli, and outcome variables. We resolved This study was conducted to compare the hand issues of referential ambiguity, feedback, and function in Schizophrenics with healthy controls. Effects of psychosocial stress on working different response measures in a novel task. In 26 Jebson Taylor was used to assess the hand function memory: Is there an influence of task difficulty participants, we compared times needed for initia- of 27 schizophrenic patients as well as 27 controls. and emotional valence? tion and execution of compatible vs. incompatible There was a significant difference between the Schoofs, Daniela Inst. Verhaltenspsychologie, Ruhr- arm movements in response to emotional faces, schizophrenic group and the healthy group. The Universita¨t Bochum, Bochum, Germany Preuß, Diana words, and scenes. Initiation was slower for scenes. scores of seven subtests of Jebson in schizophrenics Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Ruhr-Universita¨ t Bochum, Execution was faster when stimulus valence and were lower than the healthy group.(p,0.05) Altered Bochum, Germany Wolf, Oliver Inst. response were compatible, particularly for ap- hand function often limits the person’s capacity to Verhaltenspsychologie, Ruhr-Universita¨ t Bochum, proaching positive stimuli. The results validate our perform effectively to complete daily tasks. Based Bochum, Germany task, but suggest moderating factors for response on the results, hand dysfunction has to be Objectives: To examine the influence of stress on facilitation by valence evaluation. considered in schizophrenic patients so the treat- working memory. Methods: The performance in an ment and planning for improvement of these n-back task varying in difficulty and stimuli Emotional and cognitive correlates of social skills deficits are important. employed (digits vs. neutral and emotional pictures) in middle childhood: A preliminary study was assessed after psychosocial stress or a control- Schulz, Annie Karin CIIPME / CIPCA, Buenos Aires, Effects of Sildenafil (Viagra) on inhibitory condition. Results: Analysis revealed significant Argentina cognitive task in the rats impairments of stressed subjects in the digit version It is a well known fact that development of social Shahidi, Siamak Physiology, Medical Sciences, of the n-back task. This effect was not modified by skills in childhood is closely related to later social, Hamadan University of Medical, Hamedan, Islamic task difficulty but decreased in size the longer the academic and psychological performance. The Republic of Iran Arjipour, Mahdi Physiology, Medical task was performed. Conclusions: Stress associated purpose of this study was to evaluate some of the Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical, Hamedan, most important emotional and cognitive correlates endocrine changes produce working memory im- Islamic Republic of Iran Komaki, Alireza Physiology, of social skills, such as positive emotions, loneliness, pairments in a neutral n- back version. Findings will Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical, depression, and coping styles in Argentinean Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran Mahmoodi, Minoo be compared with results obtained with the emo- children from 8 to 12 years old (n = 300). Methods tional working memory task. Biology, Islamic Azad University,Hameda, Hamedan, of data collection consisted in different behaviour Islamic Republic of Iran rating scales (parent and teacher report) and self Sildenafil (Viagra) is an inhibitor of phosphodies- Motivation and knowledge acquisition during reports. Results of multivariate analysis of variance trase type 5 which has been demonstrated in the computer supported collaborative learning between social skills and the other variables are brain cortex and hippocampus. The effects of pre- Schoor, Cornelia Technische Uniersita¨ t Chemnitz, consistent with previous findings and theory. training, post-training or pre-retrieval administra- Chemnitz, Germany Bannert, Maria Professur Pa¨d.d. tion of sildenafil on the inhibitory cognitive task in E-Learning, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany Acquaintanceship effect and judgement accuracy the rats were tested using shuttle box apparatus. This study investigated the influence of motivation in well-acquainted dyads Pre-training administration of sildenafil decreased on knowledge acquisition and learning activities Schweinberger, Kirsten Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, the number of trials to acquisition. Post-training during computer supported collaborative learning Universita¨ t Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Vollmann, and pre-retrieval of sildenafil increase time spent in (CSCL). Based on findings on motivation during Manja Department of Psychology, University of the dark compartment. Sildenafil facilitate acquisi- individual learning, we hypothesized that motiva- Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Renner, Britta tion, consolidation and retrieval of inhibitory avoidance task. Therefore, it seems sildenafil acts tion has a positive influence on CSCL outcomes. Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Weber, Hannelore Department of as a memory enhancer in the simple inhibitory We therefore measured motivation before, during cognitive task in the rats. and after a CSCL task. We found that self efficacy, Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, a positive attitude towards collaboration and flow Germany during the session had a significant positive This research examines to what extent the acquaint- The moderated effect of trait and state self- anceship effect (Funder, 1999) can be shown among influence on knowledge acquisition. Performance control on framing effect well-acquainted dyads and whether qualitative or avoidance goal orientation and work avoidance Shan, Jing Psychology Department, Peking quantitative facets of acquaintanceship are better University, BeiJing, People’s Republic of China Wang, showed negative relationships with knowledge predictors for judgement accuracy. 90 students Haini Psychology Department, Peking University, acquisition. Thus, motivation is important in CSCL rated their own degree of optimism and were BeiJing, People’s Republic of China Wang, Lei while the mediating processes still have to be assessed by 3 acquaintances using the Life Orienta- Psychology Department, Peking University, BeiJing, analysed. tion Test-Revised and the Generalized Self-Efficacy People’s Republic of China Scale. Accuracy was determined by inter-judge Three studies demonstrated that trait and state self- agreement between peer ratings and target self- Affect control theory: Linking social cognition to control ability moderated framing effect. Study 1 ratings. Analyses show that only qualitative aspects and Study 2 used different tasks (risky choice Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 symbolic interactionism of acquaintanceship such as closeness of friendship Schro¨ der, Tobias Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Humboldt- problems and Balloon Analogue Risk-taking Task) are associated with self-peer agreement. These to examine the moderation effect of trait self- Universita¨t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany findings suggest that qualitative aspects of relation- Affect Control Theory (ACT; Heise, 1979, 2007) control ability on framing effect. We manipulated ships were underestimated in previous studies. the state self-control ability to test the moderation holds that people control social interactions by effect of state self-control ability in Study 3. As striving to maintain feelings about the situation. predicted, participants high (vs. low) in trait and Students’ preferential helpers in facing various Stemming from sociology, ACT predictions have state self-control were less likely to be influenced by areas of concerns rarely been tested in psychological experiments. We frame and their choices were more consistent across Setiawan, Jenny Lukito Universitas Ciputra, asked 60 Ss to manage a computer simulated different frames. These results suggest that self- Surabaya, Indonesia company by communicating with different virtual control is an important moderating variable for This paper describes a study designed to investigate employees. Preliminary results of the experiment framing effect. preferential helpers on various areas of concern support ACT: predicted specific actions correlated among Indonesian students. A questionnaire con- with observed Ss’ actions (r=.40), predicted specific sisted of 14 areas of concerns and 14 choices of Comorbidity in teacher rated ADHD children emotions correlated with Ss’ reported emotions helpers was distributed to 1,279 students. Findings Sharma, Vandana Dept. of Psychology, Meerut (r=.49). We discuss these results in terms of showed that friend, mother and self was the most College, Meerut, India overcoming the gap between the ‘‘two social preferred helpers across areas of concerns. Specifi- Objective : to examine prevalence rate of comor- psychologies’’ via using ACT for linking Social cally, friend was mostly chosen in 7 areas of bidity and gender differences in the expression of Cognition to Symbolic Interactionism. concerns, mother was the most preferred helper in comorbidity in teacher rated ADHD-Children. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 517

Design: socially varied, mainly urban children Investigate the test of the colored progressive allows differentiating borderline and narcissistic centered in the city of meerut in U.P., India. 222 matrices upon those with special needs of types of personality, level of suicide risk ADHD children aged between 6-12yrs, were rated hearing impairment in Khartoum Siddig, Zahra Khartoum, Sudan by teacher on Vanderbilt scale. Result : Almost 50% The effect of network overlaps on roommates’ ADHD children show comorbidity. Gender differ- The present study aims to investigate the test of the perceived legitimacy with regard to conflicts ence is not significant in the rate of comorbidity, Colored Progressive Matrices upon those with Soma, Toshihiko Faculty of Humanities, Kyushu but significant difference is found in the expression. special needs of hearing impairment in Khartoum Women’s University, Kitakyusyu, Japan Conclusion: the results suggest that gender influ- state between the ages of 6 to 12 year old. The This study aimed to examine the effect of network ences the type of comorbidity. Boys show more amount of the sample chosen for the study was 170 overlaps outside roommate relationships on the oppositional defiant disorder, while girls show more children both gender from the educational institu- perceived legitimacy of roommates and their anxiety. tions in Khartoum State. The most essential partners when a conflict arises in the relationship. recommendation of this research is orienting Based on Klein & Milardo (2000), I hypothesized research makers and post-graduate students to that roommates having larger networks that only The effect of the attitudes shown by the focus on and use this idea in doing psychological support their own positions will perceive themselves respondent in self-disclosure on the evaluation Tests, and measuring the ability of hearing impaired as more legitimate than their counterparts. Sixty- for general self and general others. patients to be used in research works as well as in one female boarding students participated in this Shiomura, Kimihiro Iwate Prefectural University, scientific applications. survey. The path analysis revealed that roommates Iwate, Japan Moribe, Masato Toyogaoka-Gakuen, coping with a conflict find it difficult to consider Reformatory Institution, Toyoake, Japan Ohashi, Developmental delay: The meaning of a term their behaviors as legitimate when they have more Sanae Nanyo Senior High School, Kyoto Prefectural networks supporting both theirs and the partners’ Silva, Elisabete Faculdade de Psicologia, High School, Kizugawa, Japan positions. Forty-eight female university students participated Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Petrucci in this experiment. The participants were asked to Albuquerque, Maria Centro de Psicopedagogia, disclose themselves to the respondent. The attitude Faculdade de Psicologia, Coimbra, Portugal Effects of general mental ability and emotional of the respondent was experimentally manipulated The present research addresses the precision and intelligence on self-assessed career-related as two conditions, the one is acceptable condition theoretical delimitation of the term developmental abilities and the other is non-acceptable condition. The delay. Since it is a commonly used term amongst Song, Jiwen Lynda School of Business, Renmin implicit associations of Self and Others with good- Portuguese child care professionals, the study University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Law, bad connotation measured by GNAT are implicit examines different professionals conceptions of this Kenneth S. Department of Management, The Chinese self-esteem. The GNAT is a conceptually quite term. For this purpose, a questionnaire was University of Chin, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of similar technique to the IAT. We analyzed the designed, which amongst other items, asked profes- China Chen, Zhijun Department of Management of Or, Hong Kong University of Scienc, Hong Kong, People’s degree of change in these indexes before and after sionals to identify the criteria used to diagnose Republic of China Huang, Emily G. Department of the self-disclosure. The results in implicit indexes developmental delay; to characterize the child with Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong suggested that the boundary between Self and a developmental delay; to enunciate the areas most affected in this condition. The analysis of the Kong, People’s Republic of China Others was made unclear by self-disclosure. answers obtained in a group of 100 professionals, The present study investigated the relationship showed the absence of a common meaning amongst between emotional intelligence and self-assessed The relationship between self-effacement for in- professionals using the term. career-related abilities. 506 college students in a group/out-group members and self-related large university in eastern China participated the concepts survey. A two-wave longitudinal design (with a 3- A multidimensional view of temperament: Shiomura, Kimihiro Iwate Prefectural University, month interval) was adopted to avoid the threat of Correlation between parental reports and Iwate, Japan Funakoshi, Risa Faculty of Social common method variance. Through hierarchical observational methodology Welfare, Iwate Prefectural University, Iwate, Japan linear regression analyses, we found that on top of Simo´ Teufel, Sandra Dept. of Psychology, University Noguchi, Kenji Department of Psychology, University General Mental Ability, emotional intelligence of Valencia, Valencia, Spain DOcon, Ana Department of Florida, Gainesville, USA measured in Time 1 had incremental predictive The purpose of the research is to investigate how of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain power for students’ self-assessed career-related self-related concepts predict self-effacement for in- Banacloche, Diana Department of Psychology, abilities (including social abilities and enterprising University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain group/out-group members. Participants were 211 abilities) in Time 2. Theoretical contributions and This study is focused on the measurement of infant Japanese university students (male 83, female 128). implications were discussed. temperament and analyzes the correspondence Multiple regression analyses were conducted on between two different assessment techniques: on self-effacement for in-group members and out- one side temperamental data obtained by parental Emotional intelligence, evaluation and group members. Self-effacement for in-group mem- reports and, on the other side, observational development in bachelor students bers was significantly predicted by independent self assessment made by a trained observer on several Sosa Correa, Manuel Psicologı´a, Universidad (b= -.15*), extraversion (b= -.33**), other-directed- rating scales on infant temperament dimensions. Auto´ noma de Yucata´, Me´ rida Yucata´ n, Mexico Gamboa Ancona, Lorena Psicologı´a, Universidad ness (b= .13*), and IOS for in-group members (b=- Subjects in the study were 40 assessed at 6 months. Auto´ noma de Yucata´, Me´ rida Yucata´ n, Mexico .25*). The results for out-group members are quite Parents fill out the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Peniche Aranda, Cyntia Cristina Psicologı´a, different. Based on these findings, we discussed (IBQ-R; Gartstein and Rothbart, 2003) and chil- Universidad Auto´ noma de Yucata´, Me´ rida Yucata´n, about the differences between in-group/out-group dren were observed during a structured episode Mexico members and its involvement for Japanese adoles- through the Revised Behavioral Rating Scales on This experimental investigation had as main objec- cents. Infant Temperament (DOcon and Simo´, 2007). tive the evaluation and development of Emotional This instrument evaluates ten infant temperament Intelligence (EI) for which two groups were used, How can Japanese-specific positive automatic dimensions: irritability, sadness, pleasure; social an experimental and a control one. An EI and NEO thoughts predict future depressive states? orientation, cooperativeness, activity; attention, personality pretest was applied to both. A work- Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Shiraishi, Satoko Tokyo, Japan Koshikawa, Fusako reactivity, soothability and stability. shop designed to develop EI was given to the Department of Psychology, Waseda University, experimental group afterwards, lastly EI and Tokyo, Japan Sugamura, Genji Department of Study of self-destructive phenomenon personality posttest was applied to both group- Psychology, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan Sokolova, Elena Psychology, Moscow State s.Results allowed to develop a personal growth This study examined how Japanese-specific positive University, Moscow, Russia protocol, which can be used as guidance to utilize automatic thoughts (PATs) could affect future Study of suicide phenomenon is presented; their thoughts for our own psychological well being. depressive states. Volunteers (N=204) completed emotional, regulatory, cognitive, interpersonal de- assessments of PATs, negative automatic thoughts terminants are examined. Rorschach test with scales Prenatal stress during war: Findings and (NATs), negative events (NEs), and depression (Lerner, Blatt, Ilizur), Marlens-Witkin scale for outstanding questions twice in a month. Hierarchical multiple regression cognitive style; test for coping strategies Plutchik- Sosic, Bojan Research and Development, HealthNet analysis showed that the frequency of NEs and Kellerman, SCL-90 was used. 200 patients were International, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina PATs directly predicted future depressive cognition. examined - with depressive disorder and suicide A quasi-prospective study is being conducted in It was also revealed that the interactions between attempts. Results demonstrate connection between Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, aiming to NEs and NATs, and ones between NEs and PATs structural-functional organizations of the defense explore the existence, mechanisms of onset, appear- affected future depressive mood in the same mechanisms, differentiation - integration, depen- ance, and the extent of childhood-expressed effects direction. Although reducing the degree of future dency - autonomy, hostility - cooperation. Results of maternal exposure to stressors during war. depressive cognition, PATs increase future depres- specify the role of deficiency symbolic processes in Children born during war are screened for several sive mood via NEs. lowering effectiveness of self-regulatory systems, putative markers of prenatal stress in comparison to 518 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

children born before and after the war. Preliminary Dissociation of decisions in ambiguous and risky and females. We expected an anorexic effect of findings, and problems relating to certain nuisance situations in obsessive-compulsive disorder central insulin in males only, and memory-improve- variables, especially nutritional, are discussed. Starcke, Katrin Inst. fu¨ r Physiol. Psychologie, ment in both genders. Methods: Under double- Special attentition is given to the duration of war- Universita¨ t Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Tuschen- blind conditions, 30 female and 30 male students related stressors during gestation. The relation of Caffier, Brunna Clinical Psychology, Albert-Ludwig- were administered six times either intranasal insulin (20 iU) or placebo. Blood-glucose, hormones, prenatal stress to the so-called ‘transgenerational University, Freiburg, Germany Markowitsch, Hans Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, memory and symptoms were repeatedly assessed, PTSD’ is examined. 33501 Bielefeld, Germany Brand, Matthias food-intake was measured in a single test-meal. Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Results: After insulin, only males reduced food- Development and validation of an instrument to 33501 Bielefeld, Germany intake and showed respective blood-glucose and measure planning competence and problem Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) hormonal changes, females tended to improve solving capacity: The Gate-Card Test (GCT) often have problems in everyday decision-making specifically spatial memory. Discussion: Gender- Spijkers, Will Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, RWTH Aachen, and previous investigations found deficits in the specifity is discussed. (DFG STO 323/1-2). Aachen, Germany Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) measuring decisions The Gate-Card-Test (GCT) was developed to under ambiguity. In the present study, OCD Alexithymia: State, trait, diagnosis or? patients’ performance on a decision-making task measure planning- and problem solving capacity. Stoimenova-Canevska, Emilija Communication, New with explicit and stable rules, the Game of Dice Contruction of the GCT is based on classical maze- York University Skopje, Skopje, The former Yugoslav Task (GDT), was investigated. Twenty-three pa- tests (e.g., Porteus Maze Test). The GCT consists of Republic of Macedonia tients with OCD and 22 comparison subjects were 60 (single) maze-tasks. There are two advantages Objective: The aim of the study was to determine examined with the GDT, the IGT, and further what alexithymia is. Method: The study was over the classical maze-tasks. First advantage is, neuropsychological tasks. Patients performed that the test considers different standardized levels conducted in Macedonia in a year period, on 100 poorly in the IGT, but were unimpaired in the psychosomatics and 100 healthy subjects. NEO-PI- of difficulty. Second advantage means, that an GDT and executive functioning, indicating reduced R, info from GP record and interview with each objective evaluation is guaranteed, because one decision-making under ambiguity commonly linked participant was preformed. The results were ana- optimal solution for every task was implemented. to orbitofrontal dysfunctions, but intact decision- lyzed with descriptive statistics, correlation method The instrument was validated by tests measuring making under risk conditions. and factorial analysis. Results: There is connection cognitive skills, like organisational ability, intelli- between alexithymia and neuroticism, agreeable- gence, working memory, conceptualisation skills Comparison of a card and a computer version of ness, conscientiousness on the level of the whole and cognitive flexibility (n=81). Results confirmed the Wisconsin card sorting test sample, but there is difference between two sub- the hypothesized correlations. Steinmetz, Jean-Paul Dept. of Psychology, University samples. Conclusion: Still unclear what really of Luxembourg, Walferdange, Luxembourg alexithymia is; it seems that it has chameleonic Houssemand, Claude Psychology, University of attributes depending of the angle of view. Networks in Nigeria: A pilot study on network Luxembourg, Walferdange, Luxembourg characteristics and their relation with life The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) has been satisfaction in a Nigerian sample Conflict when religiosity and sexual orientation frequently used to assess prefrontal cognitive Stadler, Christian Psychologische Praxis, Dachau, collide: Reconciliation through resilience functioning. The aim of this study was to evaluate Subhi, Nasrudin School of Education, The University Germany Strobel, Maria Psychology, LMU Muenchen, the validity of the computer version of the test in Muenchen, Germany Spo¨ rrle, Matthias Dept. for of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia comparison to the card version. A total of 106 The purpose of this study was to explore processes Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, healthy subjects received either the card version or Mu¨ nchen, Germany of resilience among gay men who currently or the computer version during the first followed by previously identified with the Christian faith and Social relationships are a central determinant of life the card version or the computer version during the satisfaction. The collectivity of individual social their experiences of conflict between religiosity and second part of the experiment. Repeated measures sexual orientation. A qualitative study was con- relationships form a social network. This study MANOVA have been conducted in order to ducted via in-depth semi-structured interviews with examines such networks in a Nigerian sample (N = analyze within-subjects variations depending on purposively selected gay men. Three distinct resi- 108). Network size, proportions of positive and the assignation. Results will be discussed. lience strategies emerged, specifically embracing negative relationships within those networks, and religiosity, altering religious beliefs and abandoning structural characteristics (e.g. network centrality) The impact of self-efficacy and collective efficacy religion to reconcile conflict. Religiosity was were assessed. Furthermore, network characteristics on kindergarten students’ emotions and considered within a resilience framework developed were examined concerning their association with life achievement in the study. The resilience framework proved to be satisfaction. Results indicate overall positive rela- Stephanou, Georgia Early Childhood Education, a viable means of exploring the conflict and tions of network size with life satisfaction and University Western Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece indicated that multiple pathways towards resilience differential relations of network characteristics with This study examined (a) the effects of kindergarten exist. life satisfaction. Results are discussed in terms of (1) students’ pre- domino game emotions, self-efficacy cross-cultural assessment of network characteris- and collective efficacy in the formation of their The importance of test-item sensitivity on tics, (2) life satisfaction as related to social performance in the games, and (c) the role of stereotype threat effects structural characteristics, and (3) differential asso- efficacy beliefs in emotions, and in the impact of Suen, Mein-Woei Taichung, Taiwan Wang, Jui Sing emotions on performance. The participants (n=200) ciations between network types and different China Medical University Hospi, China Medical completed the scales at the middle of a school year. aspects of life satisfaction. University Hospi, TAICHUNG COUNTY, Taiwan The results showed that (a) students’ experienced a Keller (2003) indicates stereotype threat effects variety of emotions (mainly, encouragement), (b) (STEs) reveal while participant’ ability have been Confidence bias: An instance of systematic emotions, self-efficacy and, mainly, collective effi- push to limit. Two experiments were drawn out to irrationality? cacy positively influenced performance, (c) collec- know the importance of test-item sensitivity on Stankov, Lazar International Testing Service, tive efficacy, compared to self-efficacy, was a more gender STEs. Experiment 1 used Whites (n=36) for Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Princeton, USA Kleitman, Sabina Psychology, The powerful formulator of emotions, and of the impact a 2(stereotype:threat vs.non-threat)63 (test-item University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia of emotions on performance. difficulty:low vs.moderate vs.high) design. Results This paper explores the nature of miscalibration as reveal gender STEs just occur on the moderate test. Experiment 2 occupied Asians (n=40) for a assessed by the over/underconfidence bias score and Insulin, brain and gender: Effects of intranasal 2(stereotype)62 (difficulty:moderate vs.high) de- links it to another instance of non-normative insulin in male and female humans sign. The results showed STEs just reveal on high (irrational) responding - the lack of awareness of Stockhorst, Ursula Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t difficulty test. Thus, test sensitivity for inducing the additivity principle of probability theory. Four Osnabru¨ ck, Osnabrueck, Germany Blicke, Maren Inst. STEs is according to the ability of participant of Medical Psychology, University of Duesseldorf, studies employed a multiple-choice test of Verbal group. More details and findings are discussed. Reasoning to assess these two tendencies. The Duesseldorf, Germany Folly, Maria Inst. of Medical results indicate that over 60% of participants tend Psychology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, to violate the ‘‘‘additivity’’’ postulate of probability Germany Romanova, Daria Inst. of Medical Eye movement performance under endogenous Psychology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, and exogenous cue in learning disabilities theory. The manner in which participants violate Germany Scherbaum, Werner A. Endocr., Diabetol., Sui, Guangyuan Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, the additivity principle – neglect of non-focal Rheumat., University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, People’s Republic of China alternatives - is related to measures of confidence Germany Classical cue paradigm was employed to examine and miscalibration bias. There exist tendencies Objective: Effects of acute intranasal insulin on the endogenous and exogenous attention in learning towards irrationality that are independent of overall food-intake, memory, blood-glucose, hormones disability group and control group with EYE- ability level. and symptoms were examined in healthy males LINKII.The results indicated that under the con- Wednesday 23rd July 2008 519

ditions of low endogenous cue predictivity and long Effects of the reasons for hiding the inner self on anxiety to parental attachment, the higher they SOAs (onset of a target) of exogenous cue, no cue- verbal strategy arising from a sense of unwanted rated ‘‘hatred’’, ‘‘threat’’, and ‘‘envy’’ to favorable validity effects was found in all groups; participants transparency person, but there were no significant relation to the in grade 6 performed better than those in grade 3; Tabata, Naoya Dept. of Psychology, University of changing amount of IA. there were no differences on response time and Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan cognitive speed between learning disabled and The purpose of this study was to investigate the Recognition memory for cars and identification matched groups but with significant differences on reasons for hiding the inner self on verbal strategy of location arising from a sense of unwanted transparency, the cognitive span and strategy. These results demon- Takahashi, Masanobu Dept. of Psychology, University sense that another person seemingly notices some- strated that the attentive quality of learning of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo, Japan Kawaguchi, Atsuo thing that they would rather conceal. Undergrad- Fine Arts and Music, Aichi Prefectural University, disabled children differed from matched group to uate participants were asked to pretend to be Aichi, Japan Kitagami, Shinji Department of some extent. graduate students and to interview confederates. Psychology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan The experimental conditions were manipulated by We investigated how accurately people can remem- Age-related changes in voluntary and reflexive the reason for hiding that they were really under- ber the locations in which the cars were present. saccades in children with learning disabilities graduate students. After a sense of unwanted Participants were shown each of 10 photographs of Sui, Guangyuan Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, transparency was manipulated, participants were cars, of which 5 were in one location and 5 in asked a contrived question. As expected, verbal People’s Republic of China another location. In the two-alternative forced- Experiments were conducted using eye movements strategy for the question was affected by the reason choice recognition test, they were shown 20 for hiding the inner self. to investigate age-related changes in reflexive photographs of cars, displayed in pairs. Immedi- saccades and voluntary control of saccadic eye ately after that, two-alternative forced-choice test movements in children with learning disabil- The development of the innovative leadership for the location, in which each of the target cars had ities(LD). The results indicated that (1)in pro- scale initially appeared, was administered. The results saccade task, there were no significant differences Tak, Jin-Kook Dept. of Industrial Psychlogy, showed that people recognize cars much better than they remember where the cars were encountered. in reflexive saccades between LD and normal Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea These results are discussed in terms of source children; (2)in anti-saccade task, the LD groups Kim, Chan-Mo Management Study Center, POSCO monitoring framework. showed significantly higher percentage of errors Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Cho, Eun- Hyun Industrial Psychlogy, Kwangwoon University, than the control groups, the rate of errors got no Seoul, Republic of Korea significant age-related changes in LD children(9- Big loss in gamble situation and impulsivity The present study investigates the reliability and Takano, Yuji Dept. of Psychology, Senshu University, 12years old); (3)in memory-guided saccade task, validity of the innovative leadership scale. With a LD children took longer saccadic reaction time Kawasaki, Japan Takahashi, Nobuaki Shimojo sample of 177 employees in a large company, the project, JST ERATO, Atugi-shi, Kanagawa, Japan than normal children. These results demonstrated results of factor analyses showed that the five-factor Hironaka, Naoyuki Shimojo Project, JST ERATO, that LD children’s inhibitory control abilities were model with 14 items had a high fit to the data. Atsug-shi, Kanagawa, Japan not improving with their aging. These factors were innovation pursue, problem Forty-four collage students underwent the Iowa solving, vision presentation, risk-taking, and show- Gambling task and impulsivity test, Matching ing initiative. All of these factors were significantly Cross-cultural study on peer experience and Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). In general, the related to various criteria such as identification with loneliness of Chinese and American children participants gradually shifted the choices from the group, attachment to the group, organizational high-risk to low-risk. However, the impulsive Sun, Xiaojun Psychology, Hua Zhong Normal commitment, and supervisor satisfaction, confirm- University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China Zhou, participants with high scores of MFFT made more ing criterion-related validity of the scale. Results of risky choice than the reflective participants. They Zongkui Psychology, Hua Zhong Normal University, multiple regression analyses showed that risk taking Wuhan, People’s Republic of China Zhao, Dongmei tended to continue risky choices after big loss and and showing initiative were more important pre- the tendency enhanced as the loss cumulated. On Psychology, Hua Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, dictors in explaining criteria. People’s Republic of China Cohen, Robert the other hand, the reflective participants avoided Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA risky choices after big loss. Cognitive impulsivity is Hsueh, Yeh College of Education, University of The development of the friendship-behavior scale related to the sensitivity to monetary loss. Memphis, Memphis, People’s Republic of China and the relation of intimacy With the thriving of ecology movement and cross- Takagi, Mami Kansai University, Nisinomiya, Japan Reciprocal relation between rumination and cultural research, the influence of peer interaction Takagi, Osamu Faculty of Sociology, Kansai depression on loneliness in the comprehensive ecological University, yamate-cho,suita-city,oosaka, Japan Takano, Keisuke The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, background was taken into consideration. 430 The main purpose of this study was to develop the Japan Tanno, Yoshihiko Graduate School of Arts and Chinese children and 165 American children in friendship-behavior scale and to investigate the Sc, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan elementary school from grade four to six partici- relation of intimacy. 207 participant completed Rumination is characterized as a negative repetitive questionnaire regarding their friendship-behavior of pated in this investigation.A hypothesized structur- thinking style. Previous researches have suggested friend or close-friend. According to factor analysis al equation model was applied to test the relations rumination might be a risk factor of depression. On of the friendship-behavior, four factors were the one hand rumination may contribute to between peer experience(e.g., peer relationship) and revealed: ‘‘self-disclosure’’, ‘‘gathering the informa- increasing depression, but at the same time depres- loneliness. The results indicated that there was no tion of the friend’’, ‘‘forming relations’’ and sion may intensify rumination. In the present study, significant cultural difference on the functioning ‘‘observation’’. In addition, the level of intimacy such a reciprocal relation between rumination and pattern between peer experience and loneliness, but caused the difference in the friendship-behavior. depression was investigated. Two-time points as- some path coefficents of the model have difference. The analysis found that ‘‘self-disclosure’’ and sessment was conducted on 160 undergraduates. ‘‘forming relations’’ were increased to close-friend Cross-lagged effects model and Synchronous effects compared with friend. However, to the friend, Response control ability through error model showed that rumination intensified depres- observation behavior was increased. That is, the sion and that depression intensified rumination. Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 processing criterion validity was confirmed. This result indicates that there may be a reciprocal Suzuki, Kota Graduate School of Sports, University of relation between rumination and depression, which Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan Shinoda, Haruo Faculty of can maintain and exacerbate depressive disorders. Psychology, Rissyo University, Sinagawa, Japan Effects of attaciment on interpersonal The relationship between motor impulsivity due to relationship development task performance and error-related negativity Takagi, Kuniko School of Social Work, Seirei Does "Nostalgic feelings" influence the recall of (ERN) was examined. In experiment 1, subjects Christopher University, Hamamatsu, Japan Niwa, autobiographical memory? were classified according to their performance on Tomomi Education and Human Developmen, Nagoya Takigawa, Shinya Dept. of Psychology, Hokkaido the arrow flanker task. This resulted in an impulsive University, Nagoya, Japan University, Sapporo, Japan Naka, Makiko group (shorter response time (RT) and higher error The effect of parental attachment on Interpersonal Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Affect’s (IA) changes in the early stage of relation- rate), an average group (average RT and error rate), The present study examined the influence of ship was examined. This longitudinal study was nostalgic feelings on recall of autobiographical and a prudent group (longer RT and lower error conducted at a 3-month interval at the beginning of memory. Fifty-seven undergraduates were asked rate). In experiment 2, ERN was recorded in the a university year, where each time 1027 freshmen to give their autobiographical memory in their impulsive and average groups, and results showed were asked to rate IA for favorable or unfavorable childhood and nostalgic music they listened to when that ERN decreased in the impulsive group. Over- person. From the result of the multiple regression they were in elementary school. A month later, they all, differences in ability of response control may analysis, the effects of ‘‘Anxiety to Parental were asked to decide whether episodes shown on a stem from differences in response conflict monitor- Attachment’’ were prominent in the relationship screen were from their elementary school days or ing. to favorable person. That is, the more they had from junior high school days. In one condition, 520 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

nostalgic music was accompanied whereas in and neuroticism. Further, spontaneous planning cognitive and personality components of conflict another conditions no music or non-nostalgic music ability and minimizing errors by using feedback management competence (r,001 and r,0.05 re- were given. Results showed those who experienced predicts agreeableness. Thus, planning ability en- spectively). No statistically significant distinctions nostalgic feelings in music condition recalled hances cooperativeness and reduces maladjustment were found between males and females in levels of elementary school episodes with shorter reaction in controllers. development of the operational component of the time. conflict management competence. Discussion. The findings can be used in conflict management The study of emotional intelligence in women training at institutions of post-graduate pedagogical Perceptions of teaching technology, professors’ who attempted suicide with the poisoning training. effectiveness in applying technology and Tavakoli, Mahgol Psychology, Isfahan University, business students’ learning performance Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran Tang, Thomas Li-Ping Management and Marketing, Objective: In this study the EQ in women who Introducing heterogeneous form item sets in Middle Tennessee St University, Murfreesboro, USA attempted suicide with the poisoning method was general mental ability tests the case of the Austin, Jill Management and Marketing, Middle investigated. Method: In a semi-experimental re- problem test Tennessee St University, Murfreesboro, USA search, 80 women who attempted suicide from Tonkoviæ, Masˇa Department of Psychology, Faculty This study examined business students’ perceptions poisoning agency in Isfahan Nour hospital as an of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia Huic, Aleksandra of four objectives (i.e., fun, learning, motivation, experimental group and 80 Normal women as a Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, and career application) across five types of teaching control group were randomly selected and Bar-On Zagreb, Croatia Urch, Drazen Department of technology (i.e., Projector, PowerPoint, Video, EQ questionnaire was administered. Result: Total Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia Internet, and Lecture), business professors’ teaching EQ scores and its items in an experimental group in The Problem Test, a new general mental ability test, effectiveness in using these technologies, and compare with control group were very low (p,0/ is introduced. The lack of specific instructions and students’ learning performance (self-reported 0001). Also the cut-off point for 2 groups was variety of test item forms make it suitable for GPA). Results revealed that younger students reported in the paper. Conclusion: EQ in women measuring the capacity to adapt to new problems, preferred video, whereas older students favored who attempted suicide significantly was lower than reducing the exercising effect to minimum. The aim lecture. Further, the use of video for learning, normal women and low EQ can be considered as a of this research was to make a psychometric projector and lecture for fun, PowerPoint for career risk factor for suicide. validation of the test. The results of 1200 partici- and motivation, and Internet for learning all pants were examined in a real employment testing contributed to professors’ overall teaching effec- context. Although the test consists of items hetero- The association between quality of life and pain tiveness. Finally, professors’ effectiveness in using geneous regarding form and content, the Cronbach beliefs in cancer patients the lecture method and low expectation for the use alpha index points to high test reliability (a=0,87). Tavoli, Azadeh tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran of a projector were related to high GPA. The issue of compiling heterogeneous instead of Montazeri, Ali Payesh, Iranian Institute for Health, homogeneous item forms is discussed. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Roshan, Rasool Allocation of attention to the prisoner’s dilemma shahed university, shahed university, Tehran, Islamic payoff matrix Republic of Iran Tavoli, zahra Arash hospital, Arash We cannot force intuition Tanida, Shigehito Graduate School of Letters, hospital, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Topolinski, Sascha Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie II, Universita¨t Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Yamagishi, Objectives: The purposes of this study was to Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Strack, Fritz Institut Toshio Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido determine the relationship between pain beliefs and fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, University, Sapporo, Japan quality of life(QOL) in Iranian cancer patients. Germany According to social value orientation, people with a Method: A consequetive sample of gastrointestinal Intuitive judgments about whether a word triad has pro-social value orientation cooperate in the one- cancer patients attending to Tehran Cancer In- a common associate or not without retrieving the shot prisoner’s dilemma game because they inter- stitute were assessed for QOL(the EORTC QLQ- common associate depend on the partial semantic nalize payoffs to other people as a part of their C30) and pain beliefs(the PBPI). Results: 98 activation of the common associate. We show that social utility. To examine the validity of this model, patients were studied. higher scores on pain this activation runs automatically and is even we used an eye-tracker to determine whether consistency were negatively and significantly asso- hampered by reasoning. In Experiments 1-3 the cooperators pay more attention to other player’s ciated with QOL. Conclusion: This study has mere presentation as well as the incidental reading payoffs than defectors. Results of the experiment supported the multidimensional notion of the of a triad activated the common associate, while an revealed no difference between cooperators (n=43) cancer pain experience in Iranian patients. intentional search for the common associate did and defectors (n=72) in attention to other’s payoffs. Although these data are correlational, they provide not. Memorizing of the word triad even inhibited A time series analysis revealed that defectors spent additional support for a biopsychosocial model of the common associate. In Experiment 4, searching more time looking at their own outcomes early in chronic pain. for the CA decreased the accuracy of intuitive the experiment when first understanding the payoff coherence judgments compared to merely reading structure. the triad. A laboratory study of upward emotional contagion: How followers influence leadership The effect of the self-enhancing presentations on effectiveness Psychometric study of the reading the appraisals from friends Tee, Eugene Brisbane, Australia comprehension test for children of first grade of Taniguchi, Junichi Kawanishi, Japan In a laboratory study, we tested hypotheses that Lima, Peru The present study examined the effect of the self- followers’ mood states influence leaders’ perfor- Torres, William Callao, Peru Delgado Vasquez, Ana enhancing presentations toward their friends on the mance though emotional contagion processes. Esther Psychology, URP, Lima, Peru Escurra Mayaute, evaluations from friends. 120 pairs of same-sax Twenty-eight (28) Australian undergraduates as- Luis Miguel Psychology, URP, Lima, Peru friends answered the questionnaire. Main findings sumed the roles of leaders and supervised teams of Presents the psychometric study of the reading were as follows: 1) Participants with low self-esteem trained confederates who were instructed to portray comprehension test for children elaborated by presented themselves in more self-enhancing ways either positive, negative, or neutral moods during a Alliende, Condemarı´n, and Milicic. The partici- to their friends than participants with high self- car-building task. Leader mood and performance pants were 734 students of first grade of public and esteem. 2) Participants got more positive appraisals were assessed by trained observers. Results sup- private schools of seven school districts (UGEL) of Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 from their friends than their self-views. 3) Only if ported our hypotheses. Leaders were found to Lima, Peru. The reliability of the test was calculated the closeness of participants with their friends were ‘catch’ both positive and negative mood from using Cronbachs alfa coefficient (0.65 to 0.85), low, on dimensions of competence, the more self- followers. Leaders in a positive mood were also which shows that the test is up to the standards. It enhancing participants’ self-presentations toward found to perform more effectively than leaders in a was used the CFA to validate the instrument and it their friends were, the more positive they got actual negative mood, suggesting that followers’ moods was find that the test has one factor. The test appraisals from their friends. have the ability to influence leadership effectiveness. instructions, the answer sheets, the scoring norms, were adapted. Its pointed out the work of the graduate students on LD at the Universidad The impact of executive functioning on the Gender aspects of deputy school principals’ Ricardo Palma personality of air traffic controllers conflict management competence Taukari, Atish Bombay, India Tetyana, Dzuba Organizational Psychology, Institute The study looked at the relationship between of Psychology, Kiev, Ukraine Individual differences in emotional intelligence executive functions and personality facets in air Objectives. To find out links between deputy school and incidental memory of words traffic controllers. Fifty psychologically and physi- principals’ gender and their conflict management Toyota, Hiroshi Dept. of Psychology, Nara University cally healthy controllers were assessed on the competence. Methods. The investigation was done of Education, Nara, Japan Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome on 158 deputy school principals using Karamushka Participants were required to complete the Japanese Battery and NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Results Conflict management competence survey and SPSS. version of emotional skills and competence ques- reveal that controllers’ ability to plan actions ahead Results. Men and women deputy statistically tionnaire to assess the level of emotional intelli- in order to solve problems predicts agreeableness significantly differed in levels of development of gence. Then they were asked to rate pleasantness of Wednesday 23rd July 2008 521

the episode that each target reminded it of followed Concerning facial emotion recognition accuracy, no Effects of attending to or away from pain depend by unexpected free recall tests. Participants with significant differences among groups with various on the level of catastrophic thinking about pain high emotional intelligence recalled targets with levels of depress mood, but interpersonally sensitive van Damme, Stefaan Experim. Clinical Psychology, pleasant, neutral and unpleasant episodes equally. subjects make more mistakes. Conclusion: Person Gent University, Gent, Belgium Whereas for participants with low emotional with higher interpersonal sensitivity, but not We investigated the effects of spatial attention on intelligence, targets with neutral episodes were depression, tends to make more mistakes in pain experience. During short pain stimulation recalled less than those with pleasant and unplea- perceiving facial emotions. Discussion will center attention was directed to (focus) or away from sant ones. These results were interpreted as showing around the role of various moods play in facial (distraction) the stimulated hand using a cueing that the level of emotional intelligence determined emotion recognition. task. ANOVA’s showed lower fear ratings in the the effectiveness of episodes on targets as retrieval focus relative to distraction group. Also less pain cues. was reported in the focus group but only in Gender stereotypes implicit in language: A cross- participants low in catastrophic thinking about cultural comparison of gender ascriptions in pain. However, for high catastrophizers, pain E-teaching skills approach enhancement in German and Chinese interpersonal verbs ratings were lower in the focus group. It is health psychology e-learning: The role of a Tumasjan, Andranik Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t concluded that focusing to pain helps controlling decision-making approach under visual- Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Bekk, Magdalena affective responses to pain, whereas distracting analogical scenarios Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians from pain diminishes sensory pain perception, Trovato, Guglielmo Internal Medicine & Health Psy, University, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Klaas, Hannah Sophie particularly when appraised as threatening. University of Catania, Catania, Italy Pace, Patrizia Universita¨t Mu¨ nchen, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Spo¨ rrle, Health Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Matthias Dept. for Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians Italy University, Mu¨ nchen, Germany Enhancement of emotional clarity: An E-Learning is encouraged in health professions Two samples (N = 386) from Germany and China intervention study education considering that this new educational were compared in order to investigate intercultural van de Loo, Kirsten Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Techn. technology efficiently delivers educational materials specifics of gender stereotypes in language. Using Universita¨t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany Schmitz, at reduced costs, with increased access, clear the Revised Action-State Distinction (Rudolph & Bernhard Institut fu¨ r Psychologie, Techn. Universita¨t learning-process accountability. An e-learning Fo¨rsterling, 1997) 24 interpersonal verbs were Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany course was developed with the goals of improving selected to examine verb type effects on gender The aim of the study was to enhance emotional students knowledge and skills. Health psychology ascriptions to persons involved in social interaction. clarity as it is an important variable within learning. issues and problem-solving skills in decision-mak- Consistent with previous research, German respon- 108 students were assigned to two experimental and ing under specific case-studies were included in the dents perceived interpersonal actions (e.g. support) a control group. Experimental group A was trained learning object delivered to students. This ap- as being caused by men whereas interpersonal states to experience and describe specific emotions, proach, mainly visual-analogical, depends on skills (e.g. surprise) were perceived as being induced by experimental group B got a mindfulness training. and potential of student self-teaching, i.e. in their women. Additionally, results provide first evidence Emotional clarity was measured by the Trait Meta- capacity of re-building a correct case-study and/or a that Chinese participants perceived both types of Mood Scale (Salovey et al., 1995), an emotion decision-making tree. The developed e-learning tool interpersonal interaction to be caused by men. recognition task and a questionnaire measuring the was effective and improved knowledge/skills Implications for intercultural communication are accuracy of emotion descriptions. Multivariate achievement of medical and psychology students. discussed. analyses of variance showed expected effects on some of the dependent variables. Results are discussed regarding effect sizes and the character Disease representation and contextualization as The role of music in young adults’ emotional lives of future interventions. critical associated components of clinical Udovicic, Martina Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of decision making: A preliminary study Philosophy, Sesvete, Croatia Banozic, Adrijana Trovato, Guglielmo Internal Medicine & Health Psy, Department of psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Comparing web-based and face-to-face memory University of Catania, Catania, Italy Catalano, Daniela Zagreb, Croatia Vojnic Tunic, Ana Department of testing Internal Medicine & Health, University of Catania, psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia van Hooren, Susan Dept. of Psychology, Open Catania, Italy Pace, Patrizia Internal Medicine & Prot, Sara Department of psychology, Faculty of University Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy Aprile, Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia Stamenkovic, Barbara Franssen, Marielle Psychology, Open University Giuseppe Surgery & Endoscopy, University of Department of psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands Waterink, Wim Catania, Catania, Italy Magro, Gaetano Pathology, Zagreb, Croatia Plosnic, Fani Department of Psychology, Open University Netherlands, Heerlen, University of Catania, Catania, Italy psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia Netherlands Objective:Context factors in medical decision-mak- This study explored the links of emotions and The aim of this study is to examine the validity of ing are commonly considered negligible compo- moods with listening to music in a sample of web-based testing. Performance on a web-based nents of errors and/or medical interventions Croatian young adults (N = 250). Survey data was memory test was compared to a face-to-face complications. Effects and mutual relationship, if collected, measuring participants’ habits of listening memory test, taking into account differences in any,of physician’s disease representation and per- to music and their moods before, during and after computer attitude, computer experience and moti- sonal contextualization,not only on diagnosis but listening. The participants reported their predomi- vation. A counter balanced within subjects design also on treatment-choice of patients. Method:A nant mood while listening to music is happy, was used. After accounting for the intrinsic factors, questionnaire addressed to decision making in relaxed and inspired. The majority of participants scores on the web-based test are lower than scores gastroenterology was developed and validated. (89%) reported feeling better after listening to on the face-to-face test. These differences were more Comparison of models of different disease repre- music, and positive mood induction was one of pronounced in older age. In spite of the advantages sentation and pathways of contextualization in the most common motives for listening to particular of web-based testing, it is crucial to consider that some categories of medical specialists(pathologists, types of music. No reliable differences in mood web-based neuropsychological testing is not com- gastroenterologists, internists, family doctors)was were found between fans of different music genres. parable to face-to-face testing, especially among done. Results:different disease representation were older age groups. observed: contextualization issues were associated Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 with different features in decision making and Emotional intelligence evaluation using the professional behavior. Conclusion:physician’s con- BarOn (I-CE) Inventory in a sample of Lima, Peru Psychometric properties of motivation for choice textualization and disease representation are im- Ugarriza-Chavez, Nelly Psychology, Universidad of study program inventory portant features in clinical decision-making. Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru Vanags, Martins Dept. of Psychology, University of The BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory was used Latvia, Riga, Latvia with a representative sample of 1996 participants The Motivation For Choice Of Study Program The role of various moods play in facial emotion form the urban area of Lima, Peru, The age of all Inventory (Voitka¯ne, Miezı¯te, Rasˇcˇevska & Vanags, recognition men and women included in the sample were over 2006) was designed to measure motivation of choice Tseng, Huai-Hsuan Dept. of Psychiatry, NTU Hospital, 16 years old. A second-order confirmatory factor for study program in high-school graduates enter- Taipei, Taiwan Chen, Sue-Huei Department of analysis was performed on the composite scales of ing university. This study extended the previous Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, the EQ-I which verified the 5-1 factorial structure psychometric findings (Vanags, 2006) to a bigger Taiwan Huang, Yu-Lien Department of Psychology, proposed by the eclectic model of the emotional sample. The questionnaire construction was done National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan intelligence of Bar-On (1997). It was found that on two independent samples (first stage N=145, Objectives: To examine the negative effects of emotional intelligence increases with age, and that both males and females, age 18-20; second stage depression and interpersonal sensitivity on percep- significant gender differences do exist for many N=300, both males and females, age 17-20). Factor tion of facial emotions. Methods: 88 college factorial components. The alpha coefficient was .93 analysis exposed three dimensions with high inter- students received assessment of computerized Diag- for the Total CE, revealing the internal consistency nal consistency: external motivation, motivation for nostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy 2-Taiwan of the inventory. Administration, scoring and knowledge, motivation for career development. version (DANVA2-TW) and SCL-90-R. Results: interpretation norms were elaborated. Divergent validity of SPCI was tested. Keywords: 522 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

study motivation, first-year student adjustment, performance. Affective commitment to organiza- support the prenatal testosterone transfer hypoth- inventory, SPCI tion was also proposed to mediate the effects that esis and are very unlikely to be caused by postnatal POS had on team performance. The mediation test socialization effects. was done by using Baron and Kenny’s (1986) Acute stress has not effect on long-term object method. The results indicated that only POS, not recognition memory in rats leadership behaviours, positively affects team per- Formal complexity, real cognitive complexity and Vargas, Viviana Psychology, Universidad Nacional de formance. No mediating relationship was found in reaction time Colomb, Bogota´ D.C., Colombia Torres, Angelica the hypothesized model. This anomalous results Vylegzhanin, Vasily IEAP, Moscow, Russia Druzhinin, Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Colomb, lead to questions pertaining subjective vs. objective Yury Experimental Psychology Dept., IEAP, Moscow, Bogota´ D.C., Colombia Mu´ nera, Alejandro criteria Russia Physiology, Universidad Nacional de Colomb, Bogota´ The problem of complexity is to be discussed as D.C., Colombia Lamprea, Marisol Psychology, intermedial between computer and cognitive Universidad Nacional de Colomb, Bogota´ D.C., The impact of an osteopathy treatment on science. Formal computational complexity of Colombia chronic pain intensity solved tasks evaluated by well-known formal A previous experiment developed in our laboratory von Fischern, Iris Praxis Evost, Wiesbaden, Germany methods was compared with neurophysiological showed a deleterious effect of acute stress on the Deichmeier, Frank Praxis Evost, Praxis Evost, and psychophysical data. Formal evaluation of acquisition of short-term memory measured by an Wiesbaden, Germany Spo¨ rrle, Matthias Psychology, complexity was graduated by differences in reaction object recognition task. Present experiment evalu- LMU, Munich, Germany and solving time that were interpreted as indicators ated the effect of acute stress at long-term memory Treatment of chronic pain patients is of increasing of real cognitive complexity. Degrees of fatigue in 24 male Wistar rats randomly assigned to one of relevance in clinical research. Our study investigates level evaluated by instrumental methods and three groups: a) One hour motor restriction b) Four potential reduction of patients’ levels of pain interpreted as addition cognitive complexity showed hours motor restriction and c) no restriction, intensity due to an osteopathy treatment. Thirty- approximately monotonic dependency between followed by the acquisition of the task, and six persons with chronic pain diagnosis participated computational complexity and real subjective com- evaluated 24 hours latter. A one way ANOVA test in a two-stage treatment process and repeatedly plexity. showed no significant differences between groups, filled out established measures (e.g. Numerical indicating that acute stress do not affect the Rating Score) of pain localization and intensity. acquisition of long-term object recognition mem- In a first stage participants received no intervention, Use of patient-self-assessments in emergency ory. in the second stage a maximum of six osteopathy care to predict mortality for heart failure patients treatments was given. Analysis revealed significant Wahl, Inka Psychosomatik, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Interference and facilitation effects on the recall reductions of pain intensity in the waiting period as Germany Rose, Matthias Psychosomatic Medicine, of a list of words induce by presented or self- well as in the treatment period. The improvement UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Weinrich, Daniel generated verbal information during the treatment period was significantly larger Dept. of Cardiology, Charite´ Berlin, Berlin, Germany Vargas, Viviana Psychology, Universidad Nacional de than the one during the waiting period. Strohm, Sebastian Dept. of Cardiology, Charite´ Berlin, Colomb, Bogota´ D.C., Colombia Berlin, Germany Vollert, Jan-Ole Dept. of Lab Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San It was compared the effect of self-generated verbal Gender and educational differences in shame in Francisco, Germany Mu¨ ller, Christian Dept. of Clinical information with externally presented verbal in- adolescents formation over the recall of a list of words. A Chemistry, Charite´ Berlin, Berlin, Germany Mo¨ ckel, Vrij-Hoogendoorn, Lida PACT, Mediant Mental Martin Dept. of Cardiology, Charite´ Berlin, Berlin, factorial design was used with independent vari- Health, Enschede, Netherlands Christenhusz, Lieke ables of: a) moment of presentation, and b) kind of Germany Department of Psychology &, University of Twente, Objective: Evaluate the potential of patient-self- information; it was also a control group. 63 Enschede, Netherlands Drossaert, Constance students were randomly assigned to the groups. assessments predicting mortality of heart failure Department of Psychology &, University of Twente, (HF) patients. Methods: 99 patients with decom- Multiple ANOVA analysis was used to see the Enschede, Netherlands Baneke, Joost Department of effects over the number of right and wrong answers pensated HF were included. New-York-Heart- Psychology &, University of Twente, Enschede, Association classification (NYHA), B-type-na- in free recall and key recall. Presentation of external Netherlands triuretic peptide (BNP), Minnesota Living with information, before and after recall, produced an Shame is one of the important causal factors in Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) have been interference effect; on the contrary, self-generated psychological pathways and becomes particularly determined within 24h after admission. Results: 17 information produced a facilitation effect. prominent from the period of adolescence. In this patients died due to HF within 12 months. Those study 954 high school students, mean age 16 year, with BNP-values >600pg/ml or MLHFQ-scores > filled out a questionnaire on three specific areas of Emotion regulation difficulties and adjustment in 70 had an increased mortality-ratio (p,0.05, newlyweds couples shame. Higher educated adolescents reported sig- nificantly more general shame than lower educated Kaplan-Meier-analyses). Patients with both risk Velotti, Patrizia Dynamic and Clin. Psychology, factors had a 54 percent likelihood of dying within University of Rome, Rome, Italy Castellano, Rosetta adolescents, and females reported more character- one year in contrast to nine percent for patients Dynamic and Clinical Psycholog, University of Rome, ological, behavioural and bodily shame compared without both risk factors. Conclusion: Self-assess- Rome, Italy Zavattini, Giulio Cesare Dynamic and to males. The largest gender difference was found in ments help to predict mortality for HF patients. Clinical Psycholog, University of Rome, Rome, Italy bodily shame. As a conclusion, gender and educa- Objective: Although researchers have examined the tional differences should be taken into account in link between marital adjustment and different future research of shame related issues in adoles- Representations and motivations to breastfeed: personality’s aspect, the precise role of emotion cents. A comparison between French and German remains unclear (Snyder, 2006). The current study mothers. explores the link between individual’s difficulties in Evidence of prenatal transfer of testosterone in Walburg, Vera Universite´ Toulouse le Mirail, CERPP, emotion regulation and dyadic adjustment in the humans?: Decreased left-handedness in females Toulouse, France Conquet, Marlene Universite´ context of newlyweds couples. Methods: Parteci- from opposite-sex twin pairs Toulouse le Mirail, CERPP, Toulouse, France Callahan, pants. 100 couples participated. Measures.. The Vuoksimaa, Eero Dept. of Public Health, University of Stacey Universite´ Toulouse le Mirail, CERPP, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, Toulouse, France Chabrol, Henri Universite´ Toulouse Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 Helsinki, Helsingin Yliopisto, Finland Kaprio, Jaakko Gratz & Roemer, 2004). The Dyadic Adjustment Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, le Mirail, CERPP, Toulouse, France Scho¨ lmerich, Axel Scale (DAS, Spanier, 1976). Results: We tested two Helsingin Yliopisto, Finland Pulkkinen, Lea Fakulta¨t fu¨ r Psychologie, Ruhr-Universita¨ t Bochum, main effects: actor effect and partner effect and we Department of Psychology, University of Jyva¨ skyla¨, Bochum, Germany found that difficulties in emotion regulation had a University of Jyva¨ skyla¨ , Finland Rose, Richard J. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to negative impact on dyadic adjustment. Psychological & Brain Scie, Indiana University, investigate the potential reasons for the dissimilarity Bloomington, Finland in breastfeeding rate between German (90%) and The effects of leadership practices and perceived Objectives: Female twins from opposite-sex pairs French (56.3%) mothers. Methods: Representations organizational support on maritime crew team might be exposed to prenatal transfer of testoster- about breast and bottle feeding so as motivations to performance: The mediating role of affective one. Testosterone is suggested to play role in the breastfeed or not were collected and compared in commitment formation of handedness. Earlier singleton studies 126 French and 80 German primiparous mothers. Viranuvat, Parinda I/O Psychology, Thammasat have shown that right-handers have higher levels of Results: Results show significant differences be- University, Bangkok, Thailand testosterone than left-handers. Methods: We stu- tween these two populations in terms of breastfeed- This study tested the influence of team leadership died handedness in population based FT12 study, ing representations and motivations to breastfeed behaviour and perceived organizational support which includes all Finnish twins born in 1983-87. or not. Erroneous and irrational beliefs are more (POS) on team performance. Affective commitment We used cluster corrected chi2 statistics. Results: representative in French mothers. Conclusion: This to leader was proposed to mediate the relationship the prevalence of left-handedness was significantly study provides insight for understanding breast- between leadership and team performance, as lower in females from opposite-sex pairs compared feeding rate differences between these two coun- measured by objective measurement of team to females from same-sex pairs. Conclusion: Results tries. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 523

Revision of the ’’Wiener Matrizen Test’’ The structure, developmental characteristic of MRI, brain responses to piano pieces were inves- Waldherr, Karin Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t adolescents’ interpersonal competence tigated in 18 healthy subjects. We find that the Wien, Wien, Austria Formann, Anton K. Faculty of Wang, Yingchun Beijing, People’s Republic of China relative magnitude of responses in the latero-basal Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Zou, Hong Institute of developmental psy, shcool of amygdala, defined using a probabilistic map Piswanger, Karl Personal- und Managementpartne, psychology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China (Amunts et al., 2005), significantly declined over Pendl & Piswanger, Vienna, Austria Interpersonal competence referred to the tendency time (p,0.05). These results indicate that habitua- Objective: Does the Wiener Matrizen Test (WMT; to behave effectively and appropriately, which tion is not specific to visual amygdala responses but Formann & Piswanger, 1979) show Rasch Model made him in harmony with others. The present represents a more general property of human (RM) properties despite the huge changes since its research defined the structure of interpersonal amygdala function. first publication (social changes, extensive research competence, and then developed the ‘‘Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire(ICQ)’’ and explored the on RM with development of new model tests)? Who benefits from planning?: The road to action general characteristic of adolescent’ interpersonal is paved with high intentions Methods: The WMT was given to n=2495 persons competence. Results indicated: (1)Interpersonal (14-64 years). Psychometric properties of the WMT Competence Questionaire included 3 factors: inter- Wiedemann, Amelie Gesundheits-Psychologie, Freie were analysed by means of various model tests. personal motivation, interpersonal cognition and Universita¨t Berlin, Berlin, Germany Schu¨ z, Benjamin Results: Despite extensive model testing and high interpersonal skills; (2)There were significant grade Lifelong Learning / Institutio, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany Schwarzer, Ralf Health test power only six items were excluded. Reliability difference in interpersonal motivation, grade and gender difference in interpersonal skills and inter- Psychology, Freie Universita¨ t Berlin, Berlin, Germany and validity of the shorter WMT are comparable Sniehotta, Falko F. School of Psychology, University with the original. Conclusion: The results further action between gender and grade in interpersonal cognition. of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom Scholz, Urte indicate that the WMT is independent of cultural Social and Health Psychology, University of Zurich, contexts. Zurich, Switzerland Affective and facial responses to tastes in human Objectives If-then planning facilitates the transla- adults tion of intentions into action. Mediation effects of Gratitude, relationship quality and life Weiland, Romy Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨ta¨ planning are assumed to be stronger in individuals satisfaction in friendship pairs Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany Macht, Michael with high intentions. Methods Moderated media- Walker, Simone Psychology, UTM, University of Institute of Psychology, University of Wu¨ rzburg, tion analyses in two longitudinal studies on physical Toronto, MIssissauga, Canada Wu¨ rzburg, Germany activity and oral hygiene (follow-up 3 months, The current study examined gratitude within best Objectives: We examined the influence of tastes on respectively 4 months after baseline). Results The friendships. Ninety-two best friend pairs reported affective and facial reactions. Methods: Thirty-two strength of the indirect effect of intentions on their own dispositional gratitude, friendship quality subjects rated intensity, pleasantness, and mood in behavior via planning increased along with levels of and life satisfaction. Participants also reported three response to taste solutions differing in concentra- intentions (moderator). The sufficient level of gratitude-related memories which were reliably tion and quality. Facial reactions were recorded and intentions is different for the two behaviors. coded for the emotional response and expression were analysed by the Facial Action Coding System. Conclusions Small changes in intentions might determine whether planning translates intentions of the beneficiary. Main results showed that Results: Facial reactions were differentially affected by tastes. With increasing concentration, subjects into action. The importance of intentions should be participants rated the friendship as more compa- rated tastes as more intense, and some tastes (bitter, considered when developing planning interventions. nionable, nurturing, and intimate, and were more salty, umami) as less pleasant. Conclusion: Facial satisfied with life when the beneficiary experienced responses in human adults are similar to those The effect of process improvement on and expressed grateful emotion. In conclusion, found in human newborns. Moreover, taste con- coordination success in work teams results suggest that both the experience and centration plays a key role in the quantity of facial Wiedow, Annika Inst. fu¨ r Psychologie, Universita¨t zu expression of gratitude within a friendship are reactions. Kiel, Kiel, Germany Ellwart, Thomas School of important for the quality of the relationship and the Applied Psychology, University of Applied Science, life satisfaction of the pair. Personal light: Evaluation of dynamic lighting by Olten, Switzerland Konradt, Udo Dep. of Psychology, Philips in Hamburg schools University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Research on Chinese puberty sexual morals Wessolowski, Nino Abt. Psychosomatik, UKE In two studies we examined the effect of process structure Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany Schulte- improvement (i.e. reflection, adaption) on team Markwort, Michael Abt. Psychosomatik, UKE coordination as well as its mediating mechanisms Wang, Yuan School of Teacher Education, Shenyang Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany Barkmann, on a cognitive level (shared mental models) as well Normal University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of Claus Abt. Psychosomatik, UKE Hamburg-Eppendorf, as on a motivational level (team trust). In an China Guo, Li-Yan School of Teacher Education, Hamburg, Germany experimental control group design study with 32 Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People’s Positive effects of lighting on performance in three-student groups process improvement was Republic of China workplaces indicate that optimizing lighting in manipulated by reflecting previous performance. Based on the literature review on sexual morals, a classrooms is a promising approach to improve In a cross-sectional field study, members of 116 structural interview and an open-ended question- the performance of students. This study compares organizational teams rated process improvement naire were designed to measure sexual morals of seven programs differing in illuminance and colour activities and coordination. ANOVA and Partial puberty, and then a Chinese Puberty Sexual Morals temperature. Main objectives are to investigate Least Square analyses indicated that process Scale were developed. The results showed that the effects on attention, aggressiveness and hyperactiv- improvement led to better team coordination. This scale was of good reliability and validity, which ity in students. Therefore, in a controlled field trial, effect was partially mediated by shared mental consisted of four components, the brink sex six natural classes are observed cross-sectionally models and team trust. behavior morality, process sex behavior morality, and longitudinally. First results point to positive effects on work speed and accuracy, assessed by the purpose sex behavior morality, sex information ‘‘d2’’. The findings will lead to conclusions on Religiosity and substance use in a community dissemination morality. effects, usability and acceptance of Dynamic Light- sample of adults Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 ing in the school setting. Wills, Thomas Dept. of Epidemiology, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA Walker, Carmella The experimental research on time pressure Epidemiology, A Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, affecting decision strategy Human amygdala habituation during the USA Ainette, Michael Dept. of Epidemiology, Einstein Wang, Dawei Psychology, Shandong Normal presentation of auditory stimuli College of Medicine, Bronx, USA University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China Wieckhorst, Birgit Psychiatrie - Psychologie, OBJECTIVE: To better understand the effect of The study examines how decision-makers make Universita¨ t Basel, Basel, Switzerland Mutschler, religiosity. METHOD: A sample of 330 adults (M decision strategy, using Information Board and Isabella of Psychiatry / Psychology, University of age 41 years) reported on behavioral aspects of Eye- Movement technique. During the study Basel, Basel, Switzerland Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas religiosity [e.g., belonging, attendance] and personal process, the researcher explored the problem by Speck, Oliver Hennig, Ju¨ rgen Medical Physics, aspects [e.g., value on religion, nonreligious spiri- introducing time pressure (high/moderate/low) and University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany tuality, forgiveness]. RESULTS: Religiosity was task (important/unimportant) variable. By analyz- Seifritz, Erich of Psychiatry, University Hospital Bern, inversely related to smoking and alcohol use. The ing Eye-Movement data, the results were as follows: Bern, Switzerland Ball, Tonio Epilepsy-Center, effect of personal religiosity was mediated through University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany lower risk-taking tendency and less coping motives (1) Time pressure and task had more effects on The human amygdala has been reported to for smoking and alcohol use, also with a direct decision making;(2) When encountering time pres- habituate in response to visual stimuli (e.g., Fischer effect to (less) alcohol use. The effect for behavioral sure, decision makers were inclined to choosing et al., 2003). It is less clear, however, whether and in aspects was mediated through less coping motives linear strategies to cope with tasks of great which amygdala subregion habituation also occurs for alcohol use and heavy drinking. CONCLU- significance, vice versa. in response to auditory stimuli. Using functional SIONS: The protective effect of religiosity for 524 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

substance use is partly mediated through psycho- Results: The analysis of the psychometric properties Regulatory focuses and co-worker preferences social factors. of Polish version (factor structure, homogeneity Yamagami, Makiko Educational Program, and test-retest reliability) revealed that the para- Ochanomizu University, Wakoh, Japan Are female leaders more transformational?: meters of the adaptation are satisfactory and This study examined the influence of regulatory Transactional and transformational leadership of comparable with the characteristics of the original focuses on interpersonal attraction. 117 under- historical male and female leaders scale. Conclusions: The preliminary results indicate graduate students read the behavior descriptions of two different persons who use promotion focus Wohlers, Christina Mu¨ nster, Germany Rowold, Jens that Polish ECS can be treated as a useful and vs. prevention focus, respectively. They selected one Institute of Psychology II, University of Muenster, reliable tool for measuring individual differences in of them as a future co-worker, and responded to the Mu¨ nster, Germany susceptibility to emotional contagion. Although research found that female supervisors Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ: Higgins, et and managers exhibit more transformational lea- al., 2001). A 2 (high vs. low promotion focus) x 2 dership than their male counterparts, considerable The competing value framwork (CVF) (high vs. low prevention focus) ANOVA revealed more male than female leaders can be found. presidential leadership behavior in technology the significant interaction effect: when the promo- Empirical research comparing male and female universities in Taiwan tion focus is low, highly prevention focused leaders at the CEO- or world-class level is virtually Wu, Ming-Hsun International Business Admi., Chien participants tend to choose prevention focused nonexistent. The present study utilized a sample of Kuo Technol. University, Chang Hua, Taiwan Lai, target. The result suggests that the preferences of 35 historical leaders from various fields such as Ying-Chun applied foreign Languages, Chung Shan the self-regulation affect the interpersonal prefer- politics, military, and business. Subjects were Medical University, ChangHua, Taiwan Shiah, Yung- ences. students of psychology who were presented a Jong General Education Center, ChienKuo Technology University, ChangHua, Taiwan biography of one of the historical leaders. Results The difference of evaluation apprehension The purpose of this research was to investigate the revealed that female leaders exhibited more trans- among diverse cultures presidential leadership behaviors in 29 technology formational leadership than male leaders. These Yamagiwa, Yuichiro Inst. for Extended Study, Tokyo universities in Taiwan based on the Competing results were stable across historical period and Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan Kawana, subject’s gender. Values Framework (CVF) presidential leadership Yoshihiro Faculty of Education of Inform, Kawamura behavior.It includes four second-order factors- Gakuen Woman’s Univer, Abiko, Japan relating to people, leading change, managing Anxiety and depression show opposite patterns The comparative survey was conducted in terms of processes, and producing results. Each second- of associations with Glucocorticoid receptor the degree of evaluation apprehension. 357 Japa- expression in children order factor includes 3 first-order factors. 651 valid nese, 90 Chinese, and 105 American were asked Wolf, Jutta Dept. of Psychology, University of British samples were collected from 29 technology uni- how much they apprehended others’ evaluations in Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Chen, Edith versities in Taiwan. MANOVA were applied to 26 situations. Five factors were extracted, and Psychology, University of British Columbia, determine if there are significant differences be- Japanese apprehended others’ evaluations more Vancouver, Canada tween/among the categories in each demographic than two other countries on four factors which The present study tested whether the overlapping variable. Participants’ gender, whether they partici- were Misbehavior in Public, Mistakes in Public, constructs depression and anxiety might predict pate in administrative duties, age, and whether they Evaluation for Ability and Public Attention, and different patterns of activation at the molecular were homeroom teachers influenced teachers’ per- they were related to negative emotions. But there level. Glucocorticoid-receptor expression was as- ceptions on their president’s leadership behaviors. was no difference on Public Appearance relating to sessed repeatedly in 36 healthy children and 50 pleasant emotion. These results may be derived children with asthma. Child anxiety and depression from the differences of relative values of self- were measured at baseline. Only healthy children The theoretical construct and measurement of assertiveness and the evaluation from others. showed decreases in glucocorticoid-receptor expres- college students’ interpersonal interaction efficacy sion in response to anxiety and increases in response Characteristics of paranoid thoughts in a non- Xie, Jing Dept. of Psychology, Beijing Normal to depression (beta=-.64,p,.001; beta=.56,p=.004, clinical population resp.). The present results suggest that in healthy University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Based on investigation about more than 1000 Yamauchi, Takashi The University of Tokyo, Japan, children, depression and anxiety do show distinctive Tokyo, Japan Sudo, Anju Graduate School of college students’ interpersonal interaction,we com- features at the molecular level. Children with Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo, pile a scale to analyse the college students’ asthma, however, may have an immune system Japan Tanno, Yoshihiko Graduate School of Arts and interpersonal interaction efficacy.Through this re- that responds less dynamically to negative psycho- Sc, The University of Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo, Japan social states. search,we want to discuss the internal structure of Objectives: We examined the characteristics of the college students’ interpersonal interaction and paranoid thoughts compared with social anxious Are all anger experiences the same? bring the concept of self-efficacy into the area of thoughts in Japanese student sample. Methods: Wranik, Tanja Psychology, University of Geneva, interpersonal interaction.The result demonstrates Participants were 148 undergraduates. Nine char- Geneva 4, Switzerland Fiori, Marina Psychology, the sense of college students’ interpersonal interac- acteristics were assessed on both paranoid thoughts University of Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois, USA tion efficacy consists of six aspects:intimation and anxious ones: resistance, distress, absurdity, We examined similarities and differences between efficacy,impression management efficacy,benefit- conviction, corrigibility, controllability, perception anger at another person and anger at the self. other efficacy,connection efficacy,mood-control ef- of intended harm, anger and frequency. Results: A Participants responded to questions about recent ficacy,self-value efficacy. multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) anger experiences, including their evaluations, indicated that patterns of the characteristics differed behaviors, and regulation strategies. We also depending upon two kinds of thoughts (Wilks’ F (9, measured emotion regulation styles, personality, Emotional reactions of parents to their child’s 125)=9.12, p,.001). Conclusions: Paranoid and well-being. The two anger experiences differed aggression and withdrawal thoughts were characterized by higher absurdity, in important ways, including intensity, length, Xu, Qinmei Inst. for Psychology, Zhejiang University, perception of intended harm and anger, and lower evaluation structure, and resultant behaviors. Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China Xu, Linfen frequency and conviction compared with social Moreover, although social sharing was frequent in Psychology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s anxious thoughts in non-clinical samples. Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 both types of anger, it was only positively Republic of China Xie, Lincong Social Sciences, associated with anger intensity when angry with Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic The study on social support network to another person. We will discuss anger experiences of China accelerate thriving from career crisis: In the case in terms of emotional intelligence and functionality Objectives: This study aimed to assess emotional of researchers at early career developmental for the work environment and in social relation- reactions of parents to their child’s aggression and stage ships. withdrawal in China. Methods: 302 parents having one child aged 4 to 8 were interviewed with a Yamaura, Kazuho University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, structural questionnaire developed from Mills and Japan Sakata, Kiriko Integrated Arts and Science, Measuring susceptibility to emotional contagion. Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan Rubbin (1990). Results: (1) Parents’ dominant Preliminary analysis of psychometric properties Nishida, Kimiaki Nursing, University of Shizuoka, emotional responses to both of aggression and of a Polish adaptation of the Emotional Shizuoka-City, Japan withdrawal were concern. (2) Child’s aggression Contagion Scale The purpose of this study was to figure out the Wrobel, Monika Inst. of Psychology, University of mainly evoked parents’ anger and embarrassment relationship between the characteristics of social- Lodz, Lodz, Poland whereas child’s withdrawal caused their disappoint- support-networks, which Japanese researchers hold Objectives: The aim of the study was to adapt the ment. (3) Parents reported more negative emotions at early developmental stage, and thriving from Emotional Contagion Scale (ECS) to Polish condi- to 6-year-old and 8-year-old child’s problematic their career crisis. An in-depth interview of 28 tions. Methods: The ECS was translated into Polish social behavior than to 4-year-old child’s. Conclu- researchers indicated 4 types of network: some with the use of back translation procedure and then sion: Parents’ emotional reactions to aggression sincere admirer, old and trusted labmates, infor- completed by 186 participants aged 19 to 31. were different from to withdrawl. mants as quarry of excited idea, remotely related Wednesday 23rd July 2008 525

persons. We found that they had happened to be A study of relation between team leaders’ in- suggested that the slow speech rate and high acquainted with informants in the struggling degree centrality in networks and the amount of gaze affected the positive perceptions process to recover from their career crises. Also, corresponding team effectiveness of speaker persuasiveness. continuous joint studies with informants, largely Yang, Hui Beijing, People’s Republic of China Ji Ming, Zhang Center of Psychology counselin, Beijing consisting of a few, had an important role to their Visual-spatial representations in mathematical Normail University, beijing, People’s Republic of thriving and career development. problem solving among children with and China Ran, Bian school of psychology, Beijing without learning difficulties in mathematics Normail University, beijing, People’s Republic of Yu, Guoliang Inst. of Psychology, Renmin University, SAKURA – Pseudo-personality construction of China Xuanhui, Lin school of management, Beijing Beijing, People’s Republic of China Yan, Rong virtual patients in scenarios of a simulated dental Normail University, beijing, People’s Republic of English, BISU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China clinic China Yamazaki, Haruyoshi School of Dentistry, Nihon This paper investiagtes that, against a background The present study aims to explore how schematic University, Tokyo, Japan Matsuno, Toshio School of of Chinese culture, the impact of team leaders’ in- and pictorial representations were used and asso- medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku Tokyo, Japan degree centrality in the corresponding team advice ciated with spatial ability in mathematical problem Yamada, Hiroshi College of Humanities and Scie, networks and friendship networks, on team effec- solving among 30 MD and 31 Non-MD Chinese Nihon University, Setagaya-ku Tokyo, Japan tiveness (including subjective task performance, primary school children, using Mathematical Pro- Nakajima, Ichiro School of Dentistry, Nihon team viability, and cooperation satisfaction). cessing Instrument. The results indicate that MD University, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo, Japan Fifty-three team leaders and their team members Children reported less use of schematic representa- Newly developed role-playing software, Sakura, from various organizations(totally 369 person- tions but more use of pictorial representations and graphically represents clinical scenarios to enhance s)have participated in this study. The outcome of showed less successful performance on mathema- students’ manners and dental knowledge. The regression analysis shows that team leaders’ in- tical tasks than Non-MD children. In addition, student plays the dentist and three animation degree centrality in team advice networks has a there was a decrease and tendency to use pictorial patients receive utterances the student chooses from significantly positive impact on team effectiveness, representations by the children without MD, but no decreasing tendency was found among those with five, prepared on the Transactional Analysis. Each whereas team leaders’ in-degree centrality in friend- MD. The aforementioned findings were helpful to choice affects the patient’s two emotional factors – ship network fails to have a significant impact on the interventions for LD children’s mathematical anxiety and anger, which are graphically repre- team effectiveness. problem solving. sented real time to show the effect of choice immediately. The student can graphically under- An investigation of team social capital as a stand how his choice affected the patient’s emo- mediator between transformational leadership Resilience and mental health among people tional conditions in a good/bad way. As a result of and team effectiveness living with HIV/AIDS and their spouses in a rural area of central China the above simulation course, students’ understand- Yang, Hui Beijing, People’s Republic of China Luo, Yu, Xiaonan School of Public Health, Chinese Univ. of ing of the importance and tact in dentist-patient Fang Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, People’s Republic of : communication was greatly improved. University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China This paper investigates, against the background of Hong Kong SAR Lau, Joseph T. F. School of Public Chinese culture, if and how team social capital Health, ChineseUniversityofHongKong, Hong Kong, Comprehension and application of verbal China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Cheng, communication strategies characterized by plays as a mediator between transformational leadership and team effectiveness. Fifty-three team Yimin Social medicine, National Research Institute fo, Chinese primary school children with learning Beijing, China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Xu, disabilities leaders and their team members, with a total of 369 people, have participated in this study. An analysis Shuqin Shangcai Services Station of F, Shangcai Yan, Rong English Department, BISU, Beijing, via structural equation model (SEM) shows that, Services Station of F, Zhumadian, China, People’s People’s Republic of China Yu, Guoliang Institute of team social capital indeed acts as a mediator Republic of : Macao SAR Lu, Yanhong National Psychology, Renming University of China, Beijing, between two dimensions of transformational lea- Research Institute fo, National Research Institute fo, People’s Republic of China dership—individualized consideration and profes- Beijing, China, People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Tsui, The present research aims to explore the develop- sional skills—and team effectiveness, whereas it Hiyi School of Public Health, ment of verbal communication strategy character- fails to act as a mediator between other two ChineseUniversityofHongKong, Hong Kong, China, ized by Chinese learning-disabled children in dimensions of transformational leadership—moral People’s Republic of : Macao SAR Zahng, Jianxin primary schools. 241 third-, fourth-, fifth- and influence and inspirational motivation—and team Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of sixth- grade students (117 LD & 124 Non-LD) effectiveness Sciences, Beijing, China, People’s Republic of : Macao participated in this study. Repeated measure was SAR Mak, Winnie W. S. Department of Psychology, used to examine the differences between the two ChineseUniversityofHongKong, Hong Kong, China, groups. The results indicate that LD children were Study on mathematics learning disability People’s Republic of : Macao SAR developmentally retarded than those without LD at children‘s solving complex arithmetical problems This cross-sectional study examines resilience and both comprehension and application levels. The Yao, Jingjing Psychology, Zhejiang Normal mental health of people living with HIV/AIDS aforementioned findings were helpful to the inter- University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China (PLWHA) and their spouses in a rural county of ventions for the improvement of LD children’s Protocol method was employed to study the process Central China. 200 PLWHA and their spouses were social skills. of complex arithmetical problem-solving of grade interviewed separately. The measurements included four students, while easy of learning and judgment resilience, depression, anxiety, and stress etc.. The of confidence were tested. Result: (1)LD children9s prevalence of mental problems, factors associated Effect of self-esteem on negotiation time when problem-solving process is consistent with the with mental health (e.g. HIV symptoms, medication selecting interactional partners in a persuasion general pattern of problem-solving, but each and side effect), and the relationship between game: An investigation using the Settoku process has its own characteristic, appearing resilience and mental health were investigated. The Nattoku game (1) different error types. (2)LD children were distinctly interaction between the psychological status of the Yanagisawa, Kuniaki Hiroshima University, lower than learning gifted students in easy of PLWHA and their spouses was also explored. The Higashihiroshima, Japan Nishimura, Takashi Dep. of Learning develop level and in Judgment of Con- implications of providing psychological service and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 clinical Psychology, Hiroshima International Univ., fidence of math problem solving. (3)There is no conducting intervention to promote resilience and Higashihiroshima, Japan Ura, Mitsuhiro Graduate distinct difference in Easv of Learning and Judg- mental health were discussed. school of I.A.S., Hiroshima University, ment of Confidence between boys and girls. Higashihiroshima, Japan The effects of associative direction and strength People with low self-esteem may take longer to The role of speech rate and gaze in persuasion on metacognitive illusions for children with negotiate when selecting partners for interactions. Yokoyama, Hitomi Dept. of Social Psychology, Osaka learning disabilities The effect of self-esteem on negotiation time was University, Suita, Japan Daibo, Ikuo Social Yu, Guoliang Inst. of Psychology, Renmin University, investigated using a persuasion game named the Psychology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan Beijing, People’s Republic of China Hou, Ruihe Settoku Nattoku Game (SNG; Sugiura, 2003). Two experiments were conducted whether slow Psychological Counselling, Renmin University, Freshmen at a university (n = 26) participated in speech rate and/or a high amount of gaze affected Beijing, People’s Republic of China a study that focused on data of ‘‘persuasion the perceptions of speaker persuasiveness, using a Metacognitive illusions refered to the absolute players’’ in the SNG. The results were consistent videotaped message by a female speaker. In defferences between judgments of learning (JOLs) with the hypotheses suggesting that people with low Experiment 1, one of three speech rate messages and recall because individuals were misguided by self-esteem tend to spend more time negotiating (slow, moderate or fast) was presented by an audio invalid cues. Both children’s with and without than people with high self-esteem. The author has player. The result indicated that the effect of the learning disabilities (LD) (3-6 graders) metacogni- discussed the possibility that people with high and speech rate was not significant. In Experiment 2, tive illusions and group differences were examined. low self-esteem take different approaches when speech rate (slow / fast) and a amount of gaze (low / Paired-associate direction and strength tasks (Kor- interacting with others. high) were manipulated and presented. The result iat & Bjork, 2005) were used to find aspects of the 526 Wednesday 23rd July 2008

cue-target relationships contributing to metacogni- boration, knowledge/visual skills acquisition and (HAMD-17), metabolic syndrome (International tive illusions. Results indicated children exhibited motivation. Results reveal a general effectiveness of Diabetes Federation criteria) and cytokine concen- metacognitive illusions for weak, especially back- the instructional method and a significant super- trations (CRP, IL-6, adiponectin, resistin and ward word-pair. It was higher metacognitive illu- iority effect of an advanced technology over a more fibrinogen) were assessed in 69 depressed inpatients. sions for children with LD than normal children. simple solution on pupils’ task interest. RESULTS: Analyses of variance revealed that We argued backward word-pair enhance learners depressed patients with the metabolic syndrome sensitive to metacognitive illusions, which could The ‘‘Forest’’ project: Learning biology by had significantly higher levels of CRP and IL-6, and distinguish sensitively from two groups. multimedia design in primary education significantly lower levels of adiponectin. Correla- Zahn, Carmen Knowledge Media Res. Center, tional analyses did not reveal a relationship between Social information processing in Chinese children Tu¨ bingen, Germany Rau, Thomas Lerngruppe Blau, severity of depression and proinflammatory cyto- with and without LD Franzo¨ sische Schule Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany kine activation. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present data, cytokine dysregulation is amplified Yu, Guoliang Inst. of Psychology, Renmin University, A pilot study on computer-supported learning in in depressed inpatients with metabolic syndrome. Beijing, People’s Republic of China Dong, Yan primary school compared writing a researchers’ Institute of Psychology, Renmin University of China, notebook (paper & pencil) to designing a multi- Beijing, People’s Republic of China media presentation (computer) in biology lessons Are they really self-confident: The influence of The present study aimed to examine social informa- with 24 pupils. Analyses of the notebooks and concealing learning-relevant information on the tion processing in Chinese children with and design products revealed significant positive corre- self-concept of students with learning disabilities without learning disabilities (LD). Children were lations between information structuring in the Zhang, Bao-shan Institute of Psychology, Chinese placed into three different social interactive situa- notebooks and performance in multimedia design Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of tions associated with peers and adults using for all pupils. Moreover, girls wrote significantly China Zhao, Jun-yan Institute of Psychology, Chinese Dodge’s SIP in two sub-situations: the blurry more text into their notebooks than into their Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of situation and the clear one. The results demon- computer-based multimedia presentations. No si- China Yu, Guoliang Institute of Psychology, Renmin strated that children with LD had more difficulties milar effects were found for computer-based writing University of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of in blurry and clear authority-compelling situations; and visual design activities. Results will be discussed China LD children demonstrated significantly lower per- in relation to their practical implications for Through the experiment context of individual formance in encoding accuracy and completeness. elementary instruction. interviews with strange authorities, the influences Under blurry peer situations, the total number of of concealing learning-relevant information on the reactions and the number of negative and aggres- The comparison of family functioning in self-concept of LD children are tested on both the sive responses in LD children were significantly depressed patients and patients without conscious and unconscious level. In the study, LD greater than those of non-LD children. psychiatric disorders in Isfahan children and NLD children are distributed respec- Zargar, Fatemeh Clinical Psychology, Tehran tively to the interview context with disclosing How to lead Chinese organizational learning: Psychiatric Institute, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran learning information and that with concealed Relationship between paternalistic leadership The purpose of this study was comparing the family learning information. The results indicate that, the and organizational learning functioning between depressed patients and patients state self-esteem of LD children under the condition Yu, Haibo School of Management, Beijing Normal without psychiatric disorder in Isfahan. from 3 of concealing learning-relevant information has University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China clinics of psychotherapy in Isfahan city, 30 improved dramatically; LD children under the Xiaoming, Zheng Tsinhhua University, School of depressed patients were randomly selected. The condition of concealing learning information has a Economic and Managem, Beijing, People’s Republic control group was consisted of 30 non-psychiatric tendency of suppressing negative self-image. of China Liluo, Fang Institute of Psychology, Chinese patients who were referred to one hospital in Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of Isfahan. The Bloom’s Family Functioning Test A research of the relationships between China Wenquan, Ling School of Management, Jinan (FFT) was administered to both groups The results leadership behavior and job satisfaction in University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China of analysis of covariance showed that family hospital In order to explore the relationship between cohesion, family sociability, family idealization Zhang, Hui Dept. of Humanities, Capital Medical paternalistic leadership and organizational learning, (amount of family pride) of depressed patients University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China four hundred and ninety one surveys from ten and total of family functioning was significantly Objective This research is designed to explore the Chinese enterprises were collected by surveying. lower than control group. relationship between the leadership behavior style The results of HRA (hierarchical regression analy- and job satisfaction in the primary community sis) showed that benevolence leadership and moral Cross-cultural gender attitudes: Hostile and hospital. Methods Let 173 medical staffs complete leadership were positively correlated with organiza- benevolent sexism to men in Poland, South tional learning; however, authoritarianism leader- the questionnaire including leadership behavior scale Africa and Great Britain and job satisfaction scale anonymously. Results ship were negatively correlated with organizational Zawisza, Magdalena Dept. of Psychology, University learning. The results also showed that there ware Leadership behavior styles of hospital administrators of Winchester, Winchester, United Kingdom Luyt, have made significant difference in job satisfaction. positive interaction effects of moral and benevo- Russell Department of Psychology, The University of Of the four leadership styles, doctors and nurses in lence leadership on individual learning, authoritar- Winchester, Winchester, United Kingdom Zawadzka, the leader of PM style perceive greater extent of job ianism and benevolence leadership on explorative Anna Maria Department of Psychology, The satisfaction than those who under other leadership learning, benevolence and authoritarianism leader- University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland styles. Conclusion PM leadership style is the best ship on exploitation; and there were negative Cross-cultural studies exploring gender attitudes one, and the worst is pm style. interaction effects of moral and authoritarianism indicate that those in Great Britain (GB) and South leadership on collective learning, moral and author- Africa (SA) lie at opposite ends of the liberal- itarianism leadership on exploitation learning. conservative continuum. None of these studies Consumers’ multiattribute decision-making of includes Polish (PL) participants. It was hypothe- search engine sized that gender attitudes in PL would lie between Advanced digital video technologies as "design Zhang, Lirong Institute of Psychology, CAS, Beijing, those in GB and SA. Attitudes, hostile and Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014 tools": Conditions for effective collaboration and People’s Republic of China Wang, Yong CSEB, self-regulated learning in the classroom benevolent sexism to men, among students from Institute of Psychology, CAS, Beijing, People’s each country (n = 120) were compared. One way Zahn, Carmen Knowledge Media Res. Center, Republic of China Fan, Chunlei CSEB, Institute of ANOVAs partially confirmed the hypothesized Tu¨ bingen, Germany Hesse, Friedrich W. Institut fu¨r Psychology, CAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China pattern. Attitudes in PL and GB were less sexist Wissensmedien, Tu¨ bingen, Germany Klages, This study explored the consumers’ multiattribute and hostile than those in SA but SA and PL attitudes Benjamin Knowledge Communication, Knowledge decision-making of search engine. 201 adjectives of appeared equally more benevolent than those in GB. Media Research Cente, Tuebingen, Germany Pea, Roy attributes collected by surveys and former studies Wallenberg Hall, Stanford University/SCIL, Stanford, were divided into 3 categories: functional, symbolic CA., USA Rosen, Joe Wallenberg Hall, Stanford Metabolic syndrome, but not major depression and experiential. Subjects were asked to decide the University/SCIL, Stanford, CA., USA itself influences Cytokine levels in depressed importance of these attributes, presented randomly Advanced digital video technologies can support inpatients. with E-Prime software, and to respond as quickly as new types of self-regulated collaborative learning in Zeugmann, Sara Klinik fu¨ r Psychiatrie, Charite´ -CBF, possible when choosing search engine. Results show school. In our DFG-funded research, we investigate Berlin, Germany Anghelescu, Ion-George Klinik fu¨r a negative correlation between importance and RT the instructional method of using video as a ‘‘design Psychiatrie, Charite´ -CBF, Berlin, Germany Schwarzer, (reaction time) and functional attributes have the tool’’ for knowledge and visual skills acquisition in Ralf Gesundheitspsychologie, Freie Universita¨ t Berlin, shortest RTs, which are significantly faster than German/history lessons. Based on cognitive theories Berlin, Germany those of symbolic/experiential attributes. The re- of writing and design, a field study (N = 234) was OBJECTIVE: To assess how depression and meta- sults suggest that consumers focus more on func- conducted to test impacts of digital video technol- bolic syndrome modulate proinflammatory cyto- tional rather than symbolic/experiential attributes ogy and media-related concepts on pupils’ colla- kine production. METHODS: Severity of illness when choosing search engine. Wednesday 23rd July 2008 527

Influences of event-valence, time-pressure, (P3). One interesting finding was the significant Effects of entrepreneur’s characteristics on description and reference on subjective effect in left hemisphere, no such effects in right performance in Chinese small high-tech firms probability judgments hemisphere. Zhu, Jiping Enterprise Management, Zhejiang Zhang, Qin Dept. of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China Qi, University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Qiu, Zhenjiang enterprise management, Zhejiang Xiaowen Department of Psychology, Capital Normal Study on mental healthy improvement of woman University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China in climacteric period by Yoga This empirical research focuses on the relationships The present study investigated whether the sub- Zhao, Ameng Qiqihaer Medical College, Qiqihaer, between entrepreneur’s characteristics, organiza- jective probability judgments were influenced by People’s Republic of China Liu, Haiyan Psychiatry tional fitness and firm performance in Chinese event-valence (positive or negative), time-pressure Medicine Department, Qiqihaer Medical College, small firms. MANOVA and multiple regression (with or without), description (in detail or in Qiqihaer, People’s Republic of China were used in analyzing questionnaire data from general) and reference (self or others). 31 partici- Objective: To discuss the influence of Yoga on 251individuals in 35 small high-tech firms. The pants were asked to estimate the probability of 136 mental healthy of woman in climacteric period. results indicate that: (1) The abilities to make events with or without time-pressure. Results Method: 64 voluntary women in climacteric period decision, foresee and innovate varied among the showed that participants gave higher probability were attended Yoga training while another 64 as entrepreneurs in small high-tech and non high-tech estimate for positive other-reference events than contrast group. Results: obvious improvement on enterprises; (2) fitness between organizational ele- self-reference events. In addition, higher probability the anxiety level, the sleeping quality and physio- ments significantly correlated with the entrepre- neur’s characteristics; (3) the entrepreneur’s abilities was related to positive events described in detail logic indexes were found in the training member. without time-pressure and positive events described to make decision, foresee and innovate had Conclusion: Yoga can improve the state of mental in general with time-pressure. These results were significant effects on small high-tech firms’ perfor- discussed in the context of the culture difference healthy of woman in climacteric period. mance. Practical implications and future research between the east and west world. direction are discussed. Explicit and implicit measures of intimate Effect of cue location compound letter relationships and their influential factors Problematic mobile phone use and psychological processing: An ERP study Zhou, Le Dept. of Psychology, Peking University, health of college students in Malaysia Beijing, People’s Republic of China Su, Yanjie Zhang, Xuemin School of Psychology, Beijing Normal Zulkefly, Nor Sheereen Fac. of Med. & Health University, Beijinig, People’s Republic of China Li, Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, People’s Republic of China Yongna School of Psychology, New York State Malaysia Baharudin, Rozumah Fac of Med. & University, New York, Armenia Bai, Siyu School of In order to investigate whether social relationships Health Scien, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijinig, shape the selves of Chinese in the same way as with Malaysia People’s Republic of China German’s (Pohlmann & Hannover, 2006), we The relationship between problematic mobile phone In the present study, we recorded event-related measured explicit and implicit closeness of Chine- use (PMPU) and psychological health was explored potentials both for pre-cued and post-cued com- se’s relationships with their lovers, mothers and best in a sample of college students in Malaysia. PMPU was measured using a 27 items scale (Bianchi & pound letter processing. The results suggested that friends, as well as their self-construal. Results the processing of post-cued was distinguished from Phillips, 2005), whilst the psychological health was indicated that the interdependent showed lover- assessed using the 12 items, GHQ (Goldberg, 1978). that of pre-cued condition. The hierarchical proces- reference effect and higher implicit closeness of sing for a compound letter followed after a pre-cue Results revealed that the students do not exhibit lover than the independent, which did not show this cause frontal and parietal hemispheric asymmetry problem mobile phone use behavior, and were at a in early negativity (N1) and long-latency positivity effect. Moreover, we found that the more inter- moderate level of psychological health. Nonetheless, (P3); Global and local processing showed difference dependent the independent subjects were, the higher students with higher scores on the PMPU scale in both early negativity (N1) and long-latency their explicit closeness with their lovers and best appeared to be more psychologically disturbed. This positivity (P3). The congruency of the compound friends. The results suggest that Chinese construct study adds to the limited information about mobile letter showed effect only in long-latency positivity their relationships differently from Germans. phone use amongst young people in Malaysia. Downloaded by [the Bodleian Libraries of the University Oxford] at 03:30 07 February 2014