GCSE Ethics and Society – Belief in Allah

The Six Beliefs Malaikah 1. Adhan The call to prayer in Arabic • There are two main groups within Islam: Sunni and • Muslims believe that malaikah () are heavnly beings 2. Akhirah Life after death, when the Day of Judgment takes place. Shi’a Muslims. created by Allah to perform various tasks. 3. Al-Qadr Predestination; belief that Allah has preordained certain things and put in • Sunni Muslims believe in the Beliefs, known as Iman al- • Important angels include Jibril, Mika’il, and Izra’il. place fixed universal laws. Mufassal. Shi’a Muslims also accept those. • The Qur’an says that angels record every person’s good • The principles outlines in these beliefs are the and bad actions, which helps decide their fate. This makes 4. Al-salamu ‘alaykum Muslim greeting which means ‘peace be upon you’. foundation of Sunni Muslims’ faith and inform their them highly significant for Muslims today. 5. Allah Arabic name for God day-to-day living. 6. Barzakh Stage between death and the time of judgement. Al-Qadr 7. Beneficence Kindness, generosity The Five roots of ‘Usul ad-Din- • Al-Qadr means predestination and is one of the Six Beliefs 8. Fitrah The nature humans are born with • The five roots of ‘Usul ad-Din are Tawhid, Nubuhwwah, of Sunni Muslims. Adalat, Imamah, and Mi’ad. 9. Forgiveness To pardon a person for a wrong they have done • Muslims belive that there are laws that Allah has • These principles are central to Shi’a Muslim belief. determined and fixed in the universe. 10. Hadith Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad • Some aspects, like Imamah, are followed differently by • Humans have also been given free will, allowing them to 11. Immanence A belief that Allah acts in the world different Shi’a communities. make certain choices which they will be accountable for on 12. Injil Original Gospel of Salah the Day of Judgement. 13. Ka’bah Cube-shaped building in Makkah which Muslims believe was the first house of The Nature of Allah Allah on earth, rebuilt by Ibrahim and Isma’il Akhirah • Muslims believe that Allah has many characteristics 14. Kiraman katibin Noble scribes, the angels who note every person’s good and bad • Muslims believe that all humans will be judged in the including Tawhid, immanence transcendence, deeds. omnipotence, beneficence, mercy, fairness, and justice afterlife. (Adalat). • Every person will enter either () or 15. Kitab-al-iman The Book of Faith in the Sahih Muslim collection of the Hadith • The names of Allah tell Muslims something about his (), based on how they have lived their life. 16. Kutubullah Books of Allah nature, but it is impossible to understand him fully. • Some Muslims consider resurrection to be physical and 17. Laylat al-Qadr The Night of Power spiritual, while others believe it is only spiritual and that • Allah’s characteristics are important because they can 18. Malaikah The Arabic name for angels help Muslims to worship and aspire to be a reflection soul will be provided with new bodies in the afterlife. of him 19. Mi’ad The Day of Judgement and the Resurrection 20. Miracles Extraordinary events that may not be explainable Risalah- Sources of Wisdom 21. Omnipotence Being all-powerful • Risalah refers to the means of communication between 1. “Believe in Allah, and His angels, and 22. Prophet A messenger chosen by Allah to teach humanity what is right and wrong. Allah and people, through many thousands of prophets. 23. Protection Keeping safe from harm • Messengers (rasuls) are given the task of passing on his books, and his messengers, and 24. Qibla The direction Muslims must face (towards Makkah) during Salah Allah’s guidance to humanity. in the last day and in the decree of • Adam, Ibrahim, Isma’il, Musa, Dawud, Isa, and 25. Qu’ran The holiest text in Islam Muhammad are some of the prophets mentioned in Allah.” The Hadith 26. Resurrection The belief that humans will be raised to life in the next life the Qur’an. 2. “Every community has been sent a 27. Revelation Communication from Allah, often through an Prophet.” Qur’an, Surah 35:24 28. Risalah The system of communication between Allah and people, often through prophets. Muslim Holy Books 3. “Nor could this Qur’an have been 29. Sahifah Scrolls of Ibrahim and Moses • Muslims believe many holy books came originally from Allah and were for particular societies at particular devised by anyone else.” Qur’an, 30. Scripture A holy book or text given by Allah through a prophet. times Surah 10:37 31. Shi’aMuslims who believe that leadership belongs to the ahl al-bayt • Muslims believe that, prior to the Qur’an, holy 32. Sunni Muslims who believe Abu Bakr was the first of four ‘rightly guided’ leaders scriptures were changed or lost, and so needed 4. “Praise be to God … who made the after Prophet Muhammad replacing. angels.” Qur’an, Surah 41:31 • The Qur’an is believed by Muslims to be the final and 33. Surah Chapter perfect revelation for all times, people, and places. 5. “On that Day people will be 34. Tawhid Belief in one God; in the oneness of Allah separated.” Qur’an, Surah 30:14 35. Transcendence A belief that Allah is above and beyond his creation 36. Zabur Psalms of David