Impact of Riverbank Anthropogenic Pollution Sources on the Formation of River Water Quality
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Vol. 3, No. 2, 2018 IMPACT OF RIVERBANK ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION SOURCES ON THE FORMATION OF RIVER WATER QUALITY Nataliia Magas, Hanna Trokhymenko Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding 9, Heroiv Ukrainy Av., Mykolaiv, 54025, Ukraine [email protected] Received: 11.06.2018 © Magas N., Trokhymenko H., 2018 Abstract. The method of estimation of the impact of framework lacks a document which would officially riverbank anthropogenic pollution sources on the approve a particular method of estimation of water quality, formation of river water quality is proposed. A assessment and description of the impact of riverbank point description of the influence of housing and utility pollution sources on water bodies and recommend it for providers on water bodies within Mykolaiv region is application in general practice [10, 11]. made. The obtained results can be applied in the Hence, a complex of regional measures on river development of measures aimed at improvement of the restoration should be established with the help of a brand ecological situation in the area under study. new approach based on estimation of the probability of occurrence of the economic activity consequences Key words: anthropogenic loading, environmental hazard, adversely affecting people and the environment. wastewater, harmful impact, pollution source. The article aims at application of a new methodical approach to assessment of the impact of riverbank sources 1. Introduction of wastewater discharge on the formation of surface water quality in Mykolaiv region on the example of public One of the major current problems of water utilities, substantiating their hazard level by analyzing the resource preservation on the territory of Ukraine is wastewater composition and water body loading. critical reduction in self-replicating capabilities of rivers and depletion of the water resource potential. 2. Research data and methods These processes are predominantly caused by excessive anthropogenic loading on water bodies and The impact of riverbank sources of return water extensive water management. The formation of river discharge on the state of water bodies within water quality is substantially affected by a continuous Mykolaiv region has been studied in accordance with discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater and the developed technique. It is based on the logical- disorderly wastewater removal from settlements, mathematical model taking into account the industrial facilities and agricultural areas. This composition of wastewater discharged by a pollution situation urges to perform constant monitoring of source into the water environment as well as the level water quality in water bodies, as well as control and of its treatment, monitoring, and water body loading assessment of the impact of major water pollution [10, 11, 12]. sources [1, 2]. A detailed assessment of the impact of pollution The issues of comprehensive water quality assessment sources has been carried out with the help of for water bodies have been elaborated by many assessment tables by scoring each of them on a scale Ukrainian scholars (Konenko A. D., Aliokin O. A., of 0 to 5 points. The resulting points were grouped, Oksiiuk O. P., Zhukinskyi V. S., Romanenko V. D., average values were calculated, and the weighting Yatsyk A. V., Khilchevskyi V. K., Masenko O. H., factors assigned to each pollution source in each Denisova O. I.) [3–9]. However, the Ukrainian legal subcategory [12]. Lviv Polytechnic National University Institutional Repository http://ena.lp.edu.ua 122 Nataliia Magas, Hanna Trokhymenko The basic indicators used to assess the degree of P0.7cm0.3 =×av+×av , the impact of a particular water pollution source on where сav, mav are the average values of the coefficient the quality of water in the water basin are the showing the impact of a pollution source with regard to pollutant concentrations in return water. The list of the wastewater composition and the coefficient of water pollutants, normalized and controlled in all cases of body loading by the pollution source (with the weighting return water discharge, has been established in order factors of 0.7 and 0.3, respectively). to meet the environmental standards of water body The input quantitative data on the actual pollutant quality, ensure the ecological safety of human discharge volumes and concentrations in return water activities and aquatic ecosystems. According to the which are involved in the study is a database of state Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. statistical reports on water use completed using the 1100 dated September 11, 1996, such pollutants official blank form 2-TP (VODHOSP). include: biological oxygen demand measured over 5 The article presents the results of the study carried days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total out by the authors in accordance with the state scientific suspended matter, water mineralization, sulfates, and technical programs and directions of the chlorides, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, development of science and technology. They are nitrate nitrogen, phosphates, petroleum products, rendered in the following documents: “National and hydrogen ion exponent pH. Additionally, Program for the Development of Water Management concentrations of such persistent organic pollutants as until 2013”, “National Target Program for the iron, copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, cadmium, and Development of Water Management and Ecological mercury were taken into account in this study. Restoration of the Dnipro River Basin until 2021”, Wastewater flowing into the water body is to be “Regional Program on the Development of Water safe according to its epidemiological and radiation Management of Mykolaiv Region for the period of 2013 indicators and harmless by its chemical composition; to 2021”, as well as other regulatory documents. it should have appropriate organoleptic properties and cannot deteriorate the quality of water of the water 3. Results and discussion body regardless of the type of its use. Accordingly, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for The first stage of the study suggested making a fishery waters has been selected as the main criterion list of major sources of water pollution in Mykolaiv when establishing the harmfulness category of the region. It includes 10 housing and utility providers: point source of pollution of water bodies. Application the municipal enterprise (ME) Pervomaisk of such criteria completely eliminates the negative Miskvodokanal (the town of Pervomaisk, the impact of pollutants contained in wastewater on the Southern Bug River), the Department for Water and water body and hydrobionts. Sewage Services and Heat Supply Networks (DWSS In order to determine the degree of the impact of the & HSN) of the SD South-Ukraine Nuclear Power respective wastewater discharge on the water body, Plant (the town of Yuzhnoukrainsk, the Southern Bug harmfulness categories have been assigned to each of River), Biological Treatment Plants LLC (the town of Mykolaiv region’s water pollution sources under study. Voznesensk, the Southern Bug River), the ME The harmfulness category of a pollution source is Prybuzke (the town of Nova Odessa, the Southern established with respect to the multiplicity of excess of Bug River), Olshanske Miskvodokanal LLC (the the MPC of the pollutants contained in wastewater and village of Olshanske, the Southern Bug River), the taking into account the hazard they pose. city municipal enterprise (CME) Mykolaiv Vodokanal The basic indicator used to assess the level of water (the village of Galitsinove, the Bug Estuary), the basin loading by the pollution source is the percentage Novyi Buh Branch of the Group Water Supply of pollutants discharged by the source relative to the System (the town of Novyi Buh, the Ingul River), the total amount of pollutants entering the water basin and ME Miskvodokanal (the town of Bashtanka, the Ingul transferred with the river flow [11, 12]. River), the CME Mykolaiv Vodokanal (the city of General assessment of the level of environmental Mykolaiv, the Vitovka River), and the ME Novyi Buh hazard of the point sources of water pollution in Vodokanal (the town of Novyi Buh, the Ingul River). Mykolaiv region is conducted using the overall These enterprises have been ranked according to coefficient of harmful impact of the pollution source on the results of assessment of their impact on the water bodies, P. It is calculated with the help of the indicators of composition of the wastewater following formula: discharged into the water environment (see Fig. 1). Lviv Polytechnic National University Institutional Repository http://ena.lp.edu.ua Impact of Riverbank Anthropogenic Pollution Sources on the Formation of River Water Quality 123 Below there are the findings of the study presenting products –5 times, and ammonium nitrogen, nitrates, the companies with the poorest indicators. BOD – 4 times. At the CME Mykolaiv Vodokanal, Galitsinove, the At Olshanske Miskvodokanal LLC, Olshanske, the annual averaged concentration of the pollutants amount of pollutants discharged into the Southern Bug discharged into the Bug Estuary exceeds the standard River substantially exceeds the MPC as well. Namely, quality indicators (for fishery waters) for more than the concentration of nitrites is 22 times higher than 10 ingredients. Among these, the most critical excess is normal, that of total iron and petroleum products is attributed to the following pollutants: chromium – 8 times higher, nitrates