Appendix 1
Genealogies of the Ruling Chiefs of the Four Hawaiian Chiefdoms:
Hawaiʻi, Maui, Oʻahu, Kauaʻi
This appendix includes parts of the genealogies (moʻokūʻauhau) of well-known chiefs (aliʻi) who became distinguished as political and cultural forces and who contributed to the development of the island polities of Hawaiʻi, Maui, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi. These genealogies reflect a history of sustained governance over the Hawaiian Islands, as well as the evolution of the Native Hawaiian socio-political system in the generations since first settlement.
The first part of this appendix traces the genealogy of Hawaiʻi's ruling chiefs as recorded in the Kumulipo genealogy of King Kalākaua and Queen Liliʻuokalani, from Ruling Chief Palikū through Ruling Chief Wākea. This excerpt from the Kumulipo was provided to the authors by Professor Lilikalā Kameʻeleihiwa. The assignment of a generation number and year is drawn from an unpublished manuscript shared with the authors by Professor Lilikalā Kameʻeleihiwa entitled Hawaiian Genealogies, Unpublished Manuscript, Chart of Hawaiian Timeline - 100 Generations. Professor Kameʻeleihiwa teaches a course on Hawaiian Genealogies at the Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies in the Hawaiʻinuiakea School of Hawaiian Knowledge at the University of Hawaiʻi Mānoa.
The second part of this appendix traces the genealogies of the ruling chiefs of Hawaiʻi, Maui, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi from Wākea to the chiefs who ruled Hawaiʻi in the eighteenth century - Kamehameha I on Hawaiʻi; Kahekili on Maui; Kumuhana and Kahahana on Oʻahu and Kaumualiʻi on Kauaʻi. It was developed by Holly Coleman of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. The genealogies found in this section are simplified because of space and format restrictions. Although they show succession over time, these genealogies follow limited paths of lineage by generally restricting analysis to one relationship between two individuals and one resulting offspring. Exploring other relationships between individuals and tracing lineage through multiple offspring would reflect the interconnected nature of traditional Native Hawaiian genealogies to a greater degree. In the Hawaiʻi Island genealogy presented below, King Kamehameha I, with Palikū at Generation 1, would be at Generation 115, however Professor Kameʻeleihiwa who has studied the genealogies presented in multiple sources, starts with Palikū and places King Kamehameha at Generation 118. In the main text, the authors rely upon
Professor Kameʻeleihiwaʻs calculations for the generations of ruling chiefs from Palikū through King Kamehameha I.
The analysis used to present these genealogies draws on the scholarship of contemporary Native Hawaiian scholars Edith McKinzie, Lilikalā Kame‘eleihiwa, and Kēhaunani Cachola Abad, who have utilized the historical works of Davida Malo, Samuel Kamakau, Abraham Fornander, King David Kalākaua, and others.
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
HAWAI‘I
MAUI
OʻAHU
KAUAʻI Kāne Wahine
1 600 BC Kumulipo Line (KL) 1735
KL 1735 Paliku Palihai
2 580 BC KL 1736 Palikaa Palihiolo
3 560 BC KL 1737 Lakaunihau Keaona
4 540 BC KL 1738 Nalaunuu Puukahalelo
5 520 BC KL 1739 Kapapanuinuiauakea Kainainakea
6 500 BC KL 1740 Kapapaku Kapapamoe
7 480 BC KL 1741 Kapapaluna Kapapailalo
8 460 BC KL 1742 Olekailuna Kapapapaa
9 440 BC KL 1743 Kapapanuialeka Kapapahanauua
10 420 BC KL 1744 Kapapanuikahulipali Kapapaianapa
KL 1745 Kapapanuiakalaula Kapapaholahola
KL 1746 Kapapakiilaula / Kapapiakea
11 400 BC Kapapanuikiialaula
12 380 BC KL 1747 Kapapaiaoa Kapapaoukahi
13 360 BC KL 1748 Kapapauli Kapapapoha
KL 1749 [Hanau] o Kapapa-pahu ka mua, Ka-po-heenalu mai kona hope noho
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
14 340 BC KL 1750 Ka-po-heenalu ke kane Kamaulikainaina ka wahine
15 320 BC KL 1751 Kahookokohipapa Mehakuakoko
16 310 BC KL 1752 Papaiao Mauluikonanui
17 280 BC KL 1753 Papaheenalu Hanauna
KL 1754 Hanau a iloko o Puukahonualani o Liaikuhonua o kona muli mai, o Ohomaila
18 260 BC KL 1814 Liaikuhonua Keakahulihonua
19 240 BC KL 1815 Laka Kapapaialaka
20 220 BC KL 1816 Kamooalewa Lepuukahonua
21 200 BC KL 1817 Maluapo Laweakeao
22 180 BC KL 1818 Kinilauemano Upalu
23 160 BC KL 1819 Halo Kinilauewalu
24 140 BC KL 1820 Kamanookalani Kalanianoho
25 120 BC KL 1821 Kamakaokalani Kahuaokalani
26 100 BC KL 1822 Keohookalani Kamaookalani
27 80 BC KL1823 Kaleiokalani Kapuohiki
28 60 BC KL 1824 Kalalii Keaomele
29 40 BC KL 1825 Malakupua Keaoaoalani
30 20 BC KL 1826 Haule Loaa
31 0 AD KL 1827 Namea Walea
HAWAI‘I MAUI
OʻAHU
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
KAUAʻI (continued) Kāne Wahine
32 20 AD KL 1828 Nananuu Lalohana
33 40 AD KL 1829 Lalokona Lalohooniani
34 60 AD KL 1830 Honuapoiluna Honuailalo
35 80 AD KL 1831 Pokinikini Polelehu
36 100 KL 1832 Pomanomano Pohakoikoi AD
37 120 KL 1833 Kupukupuanuu Kupukupualani AD
38 140 KL 1834 Kamoleokahonua Keaaokahonua AD
39 160 KL 1835 Paiaalani Kanikekoa AD
40 180 KL 1836 Hemoku Panainai AD
41 200 KL 1837 Makulu Hiona AD
42 220 KL 1838 Milipomea Hanahanaiau AD
43 240 KL 1839 Hookumukapo Hoao AD
44 260 KL 1840 Lukahakona Niaulani AD
45 280 KL 1841 Hanau O Kupulanakehau he wahine Kahiko-luamea AD (also see KL 1844 below) ( See KL 1845 below)
46 300 KL 1847 Wakea (see KL 1847 below) Papa
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
AD
KL 1842 Hanau o Kulaniehu he kane
KL 1843 Hanau o Koiaakalani
KL 1844 O Kupulanakehau wahine
KL 1845 I noho ia Kahiko, o Kahiko-luamea
KL 1846 Hanau o Paupaniakea
KL 1847 O Wakea no ia, o Lahuula, o Makulukulukalani
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
HAWAI‘I
Kāne Wahine Keiki G 46 300 AD Wakea Papa Hoohokukalani Wakea Hoohokukalani Haloa
Haloa Hinamanouluae Waia
Waia Huhune Hinanalo (Wailoa)
Hinanalo (Wailoa) Haunuu Nanakehili (Hikawaopualanea, Hikawaoopuaianea) Nanakehili Haulani Wailoa
Wailoa Hikawaopuaianea Kio
Kio Kamole Ole
Ole Hai Pupue
Pupue Kamahele Manaku
Manaku Hikohaale Kahiko
Kahiko Kaea Luanuu
Luanuu Kawaamaukele Kii (Kawaomaukele) Kii Hinakoula Ulu
Ulu Kapunuu Nanaie
Nana Kapulani Nanaie
Nanaie Kahaumokuleia Nanailani
Nanailaui Hinakinau Waikulani
Waikulani Kekauilani Kuheleimoana
Kuheleimoana Mapunaiaala Konohiki
Konohiki Hikaululena Wawena
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Wawena Hinamahuia Akalana
Akalana Hinakawea Mauiakalana
Mauiakalana Hinakealohaila Nanamaoa
Nanamaoa Hinakapaikua Nanakulei (Nanakuae)
Nanakulei (Nanakuae) Kehaukuhonua Nanakaoko (Kahaukuhonua, Keaukuhonua) Nanakaoko Kahihiokalani Heleipawa
Heleipawa Kookookumaikalani Hulumanailani
Hulumanailani Hinamaikalani Aikanaka
Aikanaka Hinahanaiakamalama Hema
Hema Ulumahahoa Kahai (Ulamahaho, Ulahamahahoa) Kahai Hinauluohia Wahieloa Wahioloa Wahieloa Koolaukahili Laka Wahioloa (Hoolaukahiki) Laka Hikawaelena Luanuu (Hakawaelena) Luanuu Kapokulaiula Kamea
Kamea Popomaili (Popomaiili) Pohukaina
Pohukaina Huahuakapalei Hua
Hua (Kahuaimoluna) Hikimolulolea Pau (Paunuikaikeanaina) Hikimoluloleo Pau (Paunuikaikeanaina) Kapohaakia (Kapohakia) Huanuiikalalailai
Huanuiikalalailai Kapoea Paumakua
Paumakua Manokalililani Haho
Haho Kauilaianapu Palena (Kauilaianapa) Palena Hikawainui Hanalaanui
Hanalaanui Mahuia Lanakawai
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Lanakawai Kalohialiiokawai Laau
Laau Kukamolimolialoha Pili
Pili Hinaauaku Koa
Koa Hinaaumai Ole
Ole Hinamailelii Kukohou
Kukohou Hinakeuki Kaniuhi
Kaniuhi Hiliamakani Kanipahu
Kanipahu Alaikauakoko Kalapana
Kalapana Makemalamaihanae Kahaemoeleaikaapou
Kahaimoeleaikaaikupou Kapoakauluhailaa Kalaunuiohua
Kalaunuiohua Kaheke Kuaiwa
Kuaiwa Kamuleilani Kahukapu (Kohoukapu)
Kohoukapu Laakapu Kauholanuimahu Kahukapu Kauholanuimahu Neula Kihanuilulumoku (Kauholanuimoku) Kihanuilulumoku Waiolea Liloa
Liloa Akahiakuleana Umi
Umi Kapukini Keawenui-a-Umi Henahena Kamolanui-a-Umi Keawenui-a-Umi Koihalawai Kanaloakuaana Kamolanui-a-Umi Kanakeawe Kanaloakua’ana Kaikilani Keakealanikane Kanakeawe Kauakekuole Kapukamola Keakealanikane Makakaualii Kealiiokalani Keakamahana Kapukamola Iwikauikaua Iwikauikaua Keakamahana Keakealaniwahine Kauakahi Kanekaiwilani Kanaloaikaiwilewa Keakealaniwahine Keaweikekahialiiokamoku Kanekaiwilani Keakealaniwahine Kalanikauleleiaiwi Keaweikekahialiiokamoku Kalanikauleleiaiwi Kekelakekeokalani Keawe
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Haae Kekelakekeokalani Kekuiapoiwa II
Keoua Kekuiapoiwa II Kamehameha I
Kamehameha I Keopuolani Liholiho, Kauikeaouli
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
MAUI
Kāne Wahine Keiki
G 46 300 AD Wakea Papa Hoohokukalani Wakea Hoohokukalani Haloa
Haloa Hinamanouluae Waia
Waia Huhune Hinanalo (Wailoa)
Hinanalo (Wailoa) Haunuu Nanakehili (Hikawaopualanea, Hikawaoopuaianea) Nanakehili Haulani Wailoa
Wailoa Hikawaopuaianea Kio
Kio Kamole Ole
Ole Hai Pupue
Pupue Kamahele Manaku
Manaku Hikohaale Kahiko
Kahiko Kaea Luanuu
Luanuu Kawaamaukele Kii (Kawaomaaukele) Kii Hinakoula Ulu
Ulu Kapunuu Nana
Nana Kapulani Nanaie
Nanaie Kahaumokuleia Nanailani
Nanailani Hinakinau Waikulani
Waikulani Kekauilani Kuheleimoana
Kuheleimoana Mapunaiaala Konohiki
Konohiki Hikaululena Wawena
Wawena Hinamahuia Akalana
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Akalana Hinakawea Mauiakalana
Mauiakalana Hinakealohaila Nanamaoa Hinaakealohaila Nanamaoa Hinakapaikua Nanakulei (Nanakuae)
Nanakulei (Nanakuae) Kehaukuhonua Nanakaoko (Kahaukuhonua, Keaukuhonua) Nanakaoko Kahihiokalani Heleipawa
Heleipawa Kookookumaikalani Hulumanailani
Hulumanailani Hinamaikalani Aikanaka
Aikanaka Hinahanaiakamalama Hema
Hema Ulumahahoa Kahai Ulamakehoa (Ulamahaho, Ulahamahahoa) Kahai Hinauluohia Wahieloa
Wahieloa (Waiholoa) Koolaukahili Laka (Hoolaukahiki) Laka Hikawaelena Luanuu (Hakawaelena) Luanuu Kapokuleiula Kamea
Kamea Popomaile (Popomaiili) Pohukaina
Pohukaina Huahuakapalei Hua
Hua (Kahuaimoluna) Hikimolulolea Pau Hikimoluloleo (Paunuikaikeanaina) Pau (Paunuikaikeanaina) Kapohaakia (Kapohakia) Huanuiikalalailai
Huanuiikalalailai Kapoea Paumakua
Paumakua Manokalililani Haho
Haho Kauilaianapu Palena (Kauilaianapa) Palena Hikawainui Hanalaaiki
Hanalaaiki Kapukapu Mauiloa
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Mauiloa Kauhua Alau
Alau Moeikeana (Moikeaea) Kanemokuhealii
Kanemokuhealii Keikauhale Lonomai
Lonomai Kolu Akalana (Wakalana)
Akalana. (Wakalana) Kauai (Kawai) Alo
Alo Puhia Kaheka
Kaheka Maiaoula Mapuleo
Mapuleo Kamaiokalani Paukei Kamaeokalani Paukei Painalea Luakoa
Luakoa Hinaapoapo Kuhimana
Kuhimana (Kuhimau, Kaumana Kamaluohua Kaana) Kamaluohua Kapu (Kapuaiwahine) Loe
Loe Waohaakuna Kahaokuohua (Kawaohaakuna, Wahaakuna) Kahaokuohua Hikakaiula Kaulahea
Kaulahea I Kapohanaaupuni Kakae
Kakae Kapohauola Kahekili I
Kahekili I Haukanuimakamaka Kawaoka‘ohele
Kawaokaohele Kepalaoa Piilani Kelea-nohoanaapiapi Kalamakua Kelea-nohoanaapiapi Laieloheloheikawai Laiieloheloheikawai Piilani Laieloheloheikawai Kiha-a-piilani Lono-a-piilani Kiha-a-piilani Kumaka Kamalalawalu Lono-a-piilani Kamalalawalu Piilaniwahine I Kauhi-a-kama
Kauhi-akama Kapukini II Kalanikaumakaowākea
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Kalanikaumakaowakea Kaneakauhi Lonohonuakini Makakuwahine Umi-a-liloa II Lonohonuakini Kalanikauanakinilani Kaulahea II Umi-a-liloa II Kuihewaikalua Papaikaniau palolookalani Kaulahea II Papaikaniau Kekaulike
Kekaulike Kekuiapoiwanui Kahekili
Kahekili Kauwahine Kalanikupule
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
OʻAHU
Kāne Wahine Keiki G 46 300 AD Wakea Papa Hoohokukalani Manouluae Hoohokukalani Waia Waia Huhune Wailoa Hinanalo (Wailoa) Wailoa Hikawaopualanea Haunuu Kakaihili (Nanakaihili) Hinanalo (Wailoa) (Hikawaopualanea, Hikawaoopuaianea) Kakaihili (Nanakaihili) Haulani Kia Kio Kia Kamole Ole Kio Ole Hai Pupue Pupue Kamahele Manaku Manaku Hikohaale Nukahakoa Kahiko Nukahakoa Koulamaikalani Luanuu Kahiko Kaea Luanuu Kawaamaukele Kahiko (Kawaomaukele) Kii Kahiko Kaea Kii Kii Hinakoula Nanaulu Nanaulu Ulukou Nanamea Nanamea Puia Pehekeula Pehekeula Uluae Pehekamana Pehekemana Nanahapa Nanamua Nanamua Nanahope Nanaikeauhaku Nanaikeauhaku Elehu Keaoa Keaoa Waohala Hekumu Hekumu Kumukoa Umalei Umalei Umaumanana Kalai
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Kalai Laikapa Malelewaa Malelewaa Piliohai Hopoe Hopoe Hauananaia Makalawena Makalawena Koihouhoua Lelehooma Lelehooma Hapuu Kekupahaikala Kekupahaikala Maihikea Maweke Māweke Naiolaukea Mulielealii Mulielealii Wehelani Moikeha
Moikeha Hinaaulua Hookamalii Hinauula (Henauulua) Hookamalii Keahiula (Keaniula) Kahai Kahai Keheau Kuolono Kuolono Kaneakaleleoi Maelo Lauli-a-laa Maelo Laulihewa
Laulihewa Akepamaikalani Kahuoi
Kahuoi Palea Puaakahuoi Peleawahine Puaakahuoi Nononui Kukahialiilani
Kukahialiilani Kokalola Mailikukahi
Mailikukahi Kanepukoa Kalonaiki
Kalonaiki Kikinuiaewa Piliwale
Piliwale Paakanilea Kukaniloko
Luaia Kukaniloko Kalanimanuia Klaimanuia Lupekapukeahomakalii Kalanimanuia Kaihikapu-a-manuia Kalaimanuia Kaihikapu-a-manuia Kaunui-a-Kanehoalani Kakuhihewa
Kakuhihewa Kaea-a-Kalona Kanekapu-a- kakuhihewa Kanekapu-a-kakuhihewa Kalua-a-Hoohila Kahoowahaokalani
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Kahoowahaokalani Kawelolauhuki Kauakahi-a-kahoowaha
Kauakahi-a-kahoowaha Mahulua Kuali‘i
Kualii Kalanikahimakeialii Peleioholani
Peleioholani Halakii Kumahana Lonokahikini Keeaumoku III Kumahana was overthrown by Oahu council of chiefs and replaced by his cousin Kahahana, who was killed by Kahekili
KAUAʻI
Kāne Wāhine Keiki
G 46 300 BC Wakea Papa Hoohokukalani Wakea Hoohokukalani Haloa
Haloa Hinamanouluae Waia
Waia Huhune Hinanalo (Wailoa) Haunuu Nanakehili Hinanalo (Wailoa) (Hikawaopualanea, Hikawaoopuaianea) Haulani Wailoa Nanakehili Wailoa Hikawaopuaianea Kio
Kio Kamole Ole
Ole Hai Pupue
Pupue Kamahele Manaku
Manaku Hikohaale Kahiko
Kahiko Kaea Luanuu
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Luanuu Kawaamaukele Kii (Kawaomaukele) Kii Hinakoula Ulu
Ulu Kapunuu Nana
Nana Kapulani Nanaie
Nanaie Kahaumokuleia Nanailani
Nanailani Hinakinau Waikulani
Waikulani Kekauilani Kuheleimoana
Kuheleimoana Mapunaiaala Konohiki
Konohiki Hikaululena Wawena
Wawena Hinamahuia Akalana
Akalana Hinakawea Mauiakalana
Mauiakalana Hinaakealohaila Nanamaoa
Nanamaoa Hinakapaikua Nanakulei (Nanakuae)
Nanakulei (Nanakuae) Kehaukuhonua Nanakaoko (Kahaukuhonua, Keaukuhonua) Nanakaoko Kahihiokalani Heleipaiwa
Heleipaiwa Kookookumaikalani Hulumanailani
Hulumanailani Hinamaikalani Aikanaka
Aikanaka Hinahanaiakamalama Puna-imua
Puna-imua Hainalau Ua
Ua Kahilinai Uamaikalani
Uamaikalani Haimakalani Uanini
Uanini Welihaakona Auanini
Auanini Maunakuahaokalani Newalani
Newalani Kahihiikaale Lonohoonewa Lonohuanewa
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Lonohoonewa Loiloi Lonowahilani Lonohuanewa Loiloa Lonowahilani Kahikihaaueue Pau
Pau Kapalakuakalani Paumakua
Paumakua Henanui Moeanaimua Keananui Moeanaimua Alahoe Kumakaha
Kumakaha Moemoeaaulii Nana Moanaaulii Nana Hoakaleikini Luahiwa Haakaleikini Luahiwa Kilohana Ahukai
Ahukai Keakamilo Laa
Laa Kaikulani Laamaikahiki
Laamaikahiki Waolena Ahukini-a-laa
Ahukini-a-laa Hai-akamaio Kamahano
Kamahano Kaaueanuiokalani Luanuu
Luanuu Kalanimoeikawaikai Kukona
Kukona Laupuapuamaa Manokalanipo
Manokalanipo Naekapulani Kaumaka-mano
Kaumaka-mano Kapoinukai Kahakuakane
Kahakuakane Manokaikoo Kuwalupaukamoku
Kuwalupaukamoku Hameawahaula Kahakumakapaweo
Kahakumakapaweo Kahakukukaena Kapoleikauila
Kalanikukuma Kapoleikauila Ilihiwalani
Ilihiwalani Kamiliahonui Kauhi-a-hiwa
Kuwalu(a)kawai Kauhi-a-hiwa Kanei-a-Haka
Kialohikanakamaikai Kanei-a-Haka Kapulauhi
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Kainaaila Kapulauhi Kuluina
Kauakahilau Kuluina Lonoikahaupu
Lonoikahaupu Kamuokaumeheiwa Kaumeheiwa
Kaumeheiwa Kaapuwai Kamakahelei Kaeokulani Kaeokulani Kamakahelei Kaumualii
Kaumualii Kapuaamohu Kinoike
19th Century
Kuhio I Kinoike Kapiolani
Kapiolani Kalakaua
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie
Reference List:
(1835, August 19). No na alii o na moku o Hawaii: Ke kuauhau no na alii o Hawaii. Ke Kumu Hawaii, p. 133.
(1858, August 4). Moolelo Hawaii—Helu 15. Ka Hae Hawaii, p. 69.
(1842, October 25). Ke kuauhau no na kupuna kahiko loa mai o Hawaii nei, a hiki mai ia Wakea. Ka Nonanona, pp. 49—52.
(1865, May 4). Ka hoonohonoho ana I ka mookuauhau o Kamehameha, Helu 1. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, p. 2.
(1896, May 25). Mookuauhau Alii: Na Iwikuamoo o Hawaii Nei mai Kahiko Loa. Ka Makaainana, p. 6.
Adams, K. P [typist]. (2010). Kumuhonua, Genealogy Book Volume 44: Eia ka lani ke koi pae moku ka lauhulu paoki o ka aina. Accessed on Oct. 11, 2012 at http://ulukau.org/elib/collect/hsagen44/index/assoc/D0.dir/doc1.pdf
Fornander, A. 1878-1885. An Account of the Polynesian Race. Honolulu: Bishop Museum.
Kamakau, S. M. (1991). Nā Mo‘olelo o ka Po‘e Kahiko. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press.
Kameʻeleihiwa, L. (Fall 2010). Puke Mo‘okū‘auhau no HWST 341: ‘O nā mo‘okū‘auhau ho‘okumu honua e like me Kumulipo, Kumuhonua, Palikū me Kumuuli, Mai Fornander, Malo a me Kamakau, a me nā pākuhi mo‘okū‘auhau o nā moku ‘elima mai Wākea me Haumea mai ā hiki i ka wā o Kamehameha. Honolulu: Liliakalā Kame‘eleihiwa, Kamakakūokalani, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.
Malo, D. (1827). He Buke no ka Oihana Kula. Lāhainaluna: Davida Malo ke Kahukula.
McKinzie, E. K. (1983). Hawaiian Genealogies Vol 1. Lā‘ie: Institute for Polynesian Studies.
Moʻolelo Ea O Nā Hawaiʻi - McGregor & MacKenzie