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New Species of Boletellus from Guyana

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New Species of Boletellus from Guyana Mycologia, 100(3), 2008, pp. 490–495. # 2008 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 New species of Boletellus from Guyana Tara D. Fulgenzi mirabilis (Murrill) Singer) as well as those with Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, longitudinally striate spores. Smith and Thiers Arcata, California 95521 (1971) argued against Singer’s broad concept of the Jordan R. Mayor genus and included only species with spores that are Department of Botany, University of Florida, longitudinally winged, ridged or striate; by doing so Gainesville, Florida 32611 Boletellus can be determined easily microscopically and is consistent with the type species’ morphology 1 Terry W. Henkel (Smith and Thiers 1971). Corner (1972) and Pegler Roy E. Halling (1983) also adhered to a narrower definition of Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Boletellus characterized by spores that are longitudi- Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 nally winged, ribbed, costate or striate. Here we describe Boletellus exiguus sp. nov. and Boletellus dicymbophilus sp. nov. discovered in ectomy- Abstract: Boletellus exiguus sp. nov. and Boletellus corrhizal (EM) Dicymbe (Caesalpiniaceae) forests in dicymbophilus sp. nov. (Boletaceae, Boletales, Basidio- Guyana. These two new species are placed in Boletellus mycota) are described as new to science. These based on their olivaceous brown, longitudinally ridged boletes were collected from tropical forests dominat- basidiospores, dry pilei, tubulose, blue-staining hyme- ed by ectomycorrhizal Dicymbe corymbosa (Caesalpi- nophores and lack of clamp connections. niaceae) in the Pakaraima Mountains of western Guyana. Key words: Boletaceae, Dicymbe, ectomycorrhizal MATERIALS AND METHODS fungi, Guiana Shield, neotropics Annual collecting expeditions were conducted during the rainy seasons (May–Jul) 1998–1999 in the Upper Ireng River INTRODUCTION Basin along Guyana’s western border with Brazil in the west- central Pakaraima Mountains, and 2000–2005 in the Upper The genus Boletellus Murrill (Boletaceae, Boletales, Potaro River Basin , 30 km north of the Ireng site. At each Basidiomycota) encompasses , 44 described species site fungi were collected within a 5 km radius of a previously worldwide, the majority with tropical distributions established base camp in forests dominated by Dicymbe (Heinemann and Goossens-Fontana 1954, Snell and corymbosa Spruce ex Benth. (Henkel 2003). Dick 1970, Smith and Thiers 1971, Corner 1972, Basidiomata were examined in the field for their fresh Horak 1977, Singer 1986, Singer et al 1992, Watling characteristics. Color was subjectively described and record- 2001, Halling and Mueller 2005, Ortiz-Santana et al ed according to Kornerup and Wanscher (1978) with color plates noted in parentheses (e.g. 3C4). Macrochemical spot 2007). Boletellus has been variably defined, yet all tests were performed following Singer (1986). Basidiomata definitions have in common these features: basidio- were field-dried with silica gel beads. spores that are olivaceous brown in deposit, a yellow Microscopic anatomical details were determined on fresh hymenophore becoming olivaceous with time and specimens at base camp with an EPOI microscope and in boletoid (i.e. strongly divergent) tube trama. Despite the laboratory with an Olympus BX51 microscope with these commonalities individual author concepts vary. bright field and phase contrast optics. Fungal tissue of dried Singer (1986) adhered to a broad definition of specimens was rehydrated and mounted in either H2O, 3% Boletellus by including species with longitudinally KOH, or Melzer’s reagent. For each taxon a minimum of 20 winged or ridged spores (sections Boletellus, Chrysen- basidiospores, basidia, cystidia and other structures were teroidei, Ixocephali and Dictyopodes), smooth spores measured. Line drawings were made with a drawing tube, (section Mirabilis), spores with imbedded short inked and scanned. Scanning electron micrographs of basidiospores were obtained with either a Jeol JSM-6400 or spines or pits (section Allospori) and reticulate spores Topcon ABT32 scanning electron microscope using 200 kV. (section Retispori). Heinemann (1951) and Snell and Specimens are deposited in these herbaria as indicated: Dick (1970) included species that have spores with BRG, HSU and NY (Holmgren et al 1990). imbedded short spines or pits (e.g. Boletellus purpur- ascens Heinem.), smooth spores (e.g. Boletellus TAXONOMY Accepted for publication 19 March 2008. Boletellus exiguus T.W. Henkel and Fulgenzi sp. nov. 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] FIGS. 1–2, 5a, b 490 Mycologia myco-100-03-13.3d 19/6/08 14:07:40 490 Cust # 07-170R FULGENZI ET AL: BOLETELLUS FROM GUYANA 491 FIG. 1. Basidiomata of Boletellus exiguus (HOLOTYPE; Henkel 8696). Bar 5 10 mm. Pileus brunneus, juventute velutinus, postea subtiliter chestnut brown (5D5–5E7) to yellow-tan (4E6) with areolatus, 9–33 mm latus. Trama caerulescens ubi exposita. age, velutinous, becoming finely squamulose and Stipes brunneus, subtiliter longitudinaliter striatus, cartila- areolate when mature, less so over disk, tacky to dry; gineus, apice cum collo rubro, 7–34 3 1–4 mm. Basidio- margin slightly inrolled when young, irregularly sporae olivaceae in massa, amygdaliformes, longitudinaliter crenulate with age; trama 1–1.2 mm thick at margin, porcatae, 10–15 3 7–9 mm. Fructificatio insidens trunco 1–2 mm over tubes, 2–2.5 mm over stipe, dingy-white, Dicymbe arborum. HOLOTYPE: Henkel 8696 (BRG; ISOTYPE: HSU, NY; bluing rapidly with exposure, solid, less so with age. MycoBank No. MB 511183) Odor minimal, pleasant; flavor mild. Tubes 1–2 mm Pileus 9–33 (42) mm broad, convex to applanate, long at margin, 2–7 mm centrally, 2–5 mm at stipe, dark brown (7D7) throughout when young to broadly and shallowly depressed around stipe, of irregular lengths, concolorous with pores, rapidly blue-green (26E7) on exposure; pores lemon yellow (3A7) when young, maturing to olive-yellow (4C7– 4C8), rapidly blue-green (26E7) with pressure, with prominent decurrent tooth 2–2.5 mm long, 0.5–2 per mm, subangular, radially elongate near stipe. Stipe 7– 34 3 1–4 mm, subequal, gradually and slightly flaring to 2–4 mm at apex and base, typically curving outward and upward from Dicymbe trunk, cartilaginous, tan (5D6) to maroon-brown (10F6–10D8) throughout, with prominent red (10D8) zone over distal 1–2 mm of apex, darkening slightly with handling, finely longitudinally striate; extreme base with brown tomentum; trama red-maroon (10F6–10F8) in upper half, tan-brown (5D5) below, unchanging. Basidiospores olivaceous-brown (5F6–6F5) to dark olive-green (3F8) in medium to heavy deposit, 10–15 FIG. 2. Microscopic features of Boletellus exiguus (HO- 3 7–9 mm (mean 12.7 3 8.2 mm; n 5 20), Q range 5 LOTYPE; Henkel 8696). a. Basidia. b. Pleurocystidia, in 1.2–2, (mean Q 5 1.53), olive-golden in H2O and Melzer’s. c. Basidiospores. Bar 5 10 mm. KOH, inamyloid, amygdaliform, with moderately Mycologia myco-100-03-13.3d 19/6/08 14:07:41 491 Cust # 07-170R 492 MYCOLOGIA thick single wall, uniguttulate, with 10–16 longitudi- within 5 km radius of 5u18904.80N, 59u54940.40W, elevation nal ridges; ridges , 1 mm tall, occasionally bifurcat- 710–750 m; vicinity of Potaro base camp, 26 May 2000, ing, terminating at unequal lengths before the apex Henkel 7436 (BRG; HSU); 3 km southwest of Potaro base and thus leaving a smooth area, all ridges converging camp near Dicymbe plot 3, 29 Jul 2003, Henkel 8636 (BRG; HSU); in Dicymbe plot 3, 24 Jun 2004, Henkel 8696 at hilar appendage; hilar appendage 0.5–1 mm long. (HOLOTYPE, BRG; ISOTYPE: HSU, NY); 1 km southeast Basidia 37–51 3 12–15 mm, subclavate, tapering of Potaro base camp, 28 May 2005, Henkel 8809 (BRG; gradually to base, hyaline in H2O and KOH, with HSU); 1 km west of Potaro base camp, 30 May 2005, Henkel numerous refractive globules pale yellow in H2O, 8815 (BRG; HSU). lighter in KOH, with three or four sterigmata; Commentary. Boletellus exiguus is recognized in the sterigmata 2–4 mm long. Pleurocystidia infrequent, field by its diminutive size, the chestnut-brown, 65–85(100) 3 14–20 mm, projecting 27–42 mm above squamulose and finely areolate pileus, irregularly the hymenial palisade, ventricose, thin-walled; wall angular pores that are lemon-yellow when young, hyaline in H2O and KOH, with golden incrustations rapidly blue-staining hymenophore, a red zone at the evident in Melzer’s. Hymenophoral trama boletoid, apex of a small curving stipe, and the habit of fruiting strongly divergent; mediostratum 37–54.3 mm wide, of alone or in small groups on Dicymbe trunks. The many thin, slightly interwoven hyphae, these hyaline masses of humus that accumulate between the in H2O, gelatinized and hyaline in KOH, lateral epicormic shoots and roots of mature Dicymbe trees stratum hyphae 6.2–9.8 mm wide, hyaline in H2O and appear to be a required site for fruiting of B. exiguus KOH, nongelatinized. Pileipellis a derm consisting of and are known to harbor abundant ectomycorrhizae angular cells with tufts of erect inflated terminal cells (Woolley et al 2007). A similar fruiting habit has been concentrated in the squamules; tufts 91.4–197.6 mm noted elsewhere for other Boletellus spp. (e.g. Boletellus wide, in mass orange-yellow in H2O, paler in KOH; emodensis [Berk.] Singer, Boletellus ananas [M.A. terminal cells 19.7–41.2 mm long, cylindrical or Curt.] Murrill; Corner 1972, Singer et al 1983) and ventricose, rarely clavate or mucronate. Pileus trama also is recorded here for Boletellus dicymbophilus sp. interwoven; individual hyphae 6.1–11 mm wide, light nov. Microscopically B. exiguus is distinguished by golden in H2O, hyaline in KOH, regularly septate. having three or four sterigmate basidia with numerous Stipitipellis a densely interwoven trichodermial pali- pale yellow refractive globules, pleurocystidia with sade of cylindrical elements with inflated terminal golden incrustations in Melzer’s, and a pileipellis of cells, in mass golden-orange in H2O, lighter in KOH; angular cells with tufts of erect inflated terminal terminal cells projecting 24.7–38.3 mm, cylindrical to elements.
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