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CONTROL and MANAGEMENT of RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL INADVERTENTLY INCORPORATED INTO SCRAP METAL the Following States Are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency

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CONTROL and MANAGEMENT of RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL INADVERTENTLY INCORPORATED INTO SCRAP METAL the Following States Are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency P1502_cover.indd 1 2011-07-07 12:06:46 CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL INADVERTENTLY INCORPORATED INTO SCRAP METAL The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA NORWAY ALBANIA GREECE OMAN ALGERIA GUATEMALA PAKISTAN ANGOLA HAITI PALAU ARGENTINA HOLY SEE PANAMA ARMENIA HONDURAS PARAGUAY AUSTRALIA HUNGARY PERU AUSTRIA ICELAND PHILIPPINES AZERBAIJAN INDIA POLAND BAHRAIN INDONESIA PORTUGAL BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR BELARUS IRAQ REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BELGIUM IRELAND ROMANIA BELIZE ISRAEL RUSSIAN FEDERATION BENIN ITALY BOLIVIA JAMAICA SAUDI ARABIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SENEGAL BOTSWANA JORDAN SERBIA BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SEYCHELLES BULGARIA KENYA SIERRA LEONE BURKINA FASO KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE BURUNDI KUWAIT SLOVAKIA CAMBODIA KYRGYZSTAN SLOVENIA CAMEROON LATVIA SOUTH AFRICA CANADA LEBANON SPAIN CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SRI LANKA REPUBLIC LIBERIA SUDAN CHAD LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWEDEN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND CHINA LITHUANIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG TAJIKISTAN CONGO MADAGASCAR THAILAND COSTA RICA MALAWI THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CROATIA MALI TUNISIA CUBA MALTA TURKEY CYPRUS MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA CZECH REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UKRAINE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES OF THE CONGO MEXICO DENMARK MONACO UNITED KINGDOM OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONGOLIA GREAT BRITAIN AND ECUADOR MONTENEGRO NORTHERN IRELAND EGYPT MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MOZAMBIQUE OF TANZANIA ERITREA MYANMAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ESTONIA NAMIBIA URUGUAY ETHIOPIA NEPAL UZBEKISTAN FINLAND NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA FRANCE NEW ZEALAND VIETNAM GABON NICARAGUA YEMEN GEORGIA NIGER ZAMBIA GERMANY NIGERIA ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. PROCEEDINGS SERIES CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL INADVERTENTLY INCORPORATED INTO SCRAP METAL PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL INADVERTENTLY INCORPORATED INTO SCRAP METAL ORGANIZED BY THE SPANISH NUCLEAR SAFETY COUNCIL IN COOPERATION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY AND HELD IN TARRAGONA, SPAIN, 23–27 FEBRUARY 2009 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2011 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books © IAEA, 2011 Printed by the IAEA in Austria July 2011 STI/PUB/1502 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data International Conference on Control and Management of Radioactive Material Inadvertently Incorporated Into Scrap Metal (2009 : Tarragona, Spain) Control and management of radioactive material inadvertently incorporated into scrap metal : proceedings of an International Conference on Control and Management of Radioactive Material Inadvertently Incorporated into Scrap Metal / organized by the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, and held in the Tarragona, Spain, 23–27 February 2009. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2011. p. ; 24 cm. — (Proceedings series, ISSN 0074–1884) STI/PUB/1502 ISBN 978–92–0–114910–7 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Scrap metals — Recycling – Health aspects — Congresses. 2. Radioactive substances — Safety measures — Congresses. 3. Radiation detection. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series: Proceedings series (International Atomic Energy Agency). IAEAL 11–00685 FOREWORD Radioactive material may become inadvertently associated with scrap metal and, when melted, can cause ill health effects as well as economic and public acceptance problems for the metal industry. This issue has come to the forefront in recent years and concerns have been voiced by the metal recycling and production industries. Action to prevent the occurrence of such events has been taken in many countries exerting greater control over radioactive sources. Monitoring metal scrap at borders and at entrances and exits to scrapyards and melting plants and by preparing response plans will help prepare countries for such events if they do occur. It is recognized that this problem is a global one because of the transboundary nature of the scrap metal trade and, therefore, it is particularly suitable for discussion in an international forum. The aim of the International Conference on Control and Management of Radioactive Material Inadvertently Introduced into Scrap Metal was to share experiences and, if possible, to contribute towards the resolution of the problems caused by the inadvertent presence of radioactive material in scrap metal. It was held from 23 to 27 February 2009 in Tarragona, Spain and was organized by the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council in cooperation with the IAEA. The conference consisted of five plenary, four panel and a poster session. It was attended by more than 200 participants. Forty oral and 38 poster contributions from more than 60 countries and international organizations were presented. These proceedings include the opening speech, papers presented orally, summaries of the five plenary sessions and the conclusions of the conference. The PowerPoint presentations are on the attached CD-ROM. The IAEA gratefully acknowledges the support and generous hospitality of the Government of Spain. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers in these Proceedings (including the figures, tables and references) have undergone only the minimum copy editing considered necessary for the reader’s assistance. The views expressed remain, however, the responsibility of the named authors or participants. In addition, the views are not necessarily those of the governments of the nominating Member States or of the nominating organizations. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained in this publication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. Material prepared by authors who are in contractual relation with governments is copyrighted by the IAEA, as publisher, only to the extent permitted by the appropriate national regulations. CONTENTS CONFERENCE SUMMARY. 1 OPENING SESSION Opening address . 5 E. Amaral GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE (Session 1) Summary of Session 1: Global perspective . 11 Challenges in the management of potentially contaminated scrap metal . 13 R.W. Meehan The view of the steelmakers . 23 D.S. Harvey The relevance of metal recycling for nuclear industry decommissioning programmes . 31 P.J. O’Sullivan The global nuclear safety regime applied to the control and management of inadvertent radioactive material in scrap metal . 45 D. Louvat, L. Jova Sed, E. Reber European legislation to prevent loss of control of sources and to recover orphan sources, and other requirements relevant to the scrap metal industry . 53 A. Janssens, V. Tanner, S. Mundigl Regulatory control of radioactive sources in Spain . 61 M. Rodríguez, J.L. Martín Application of the UNECE recommendations on monitoring and response procedures for radioactive scrap metal: From theory to practice . 73 M. Magold, S. Mansourian-Stephenson NATIONAL POLICIES AND STRATEGIES (Session 2) Summary of Session 2: National Policies and Strategies . 85 The Spanish protocol for collaboration on the radiological surveillance of metallic materials . 87 J.M. Redondo Reducing uncontrolled radioactive sources through tracking and training: US Environmental Protection Agency initiatives . 101 D.A. Kopsick Transboundary movement of radioactively contaminated scrap metal — Lessons learned . 111 M. Nizamska Assignment of responsibilities in the management of scrap metal in Brazil . 127 E.L. Costa French regulatory framework for the recycling/reuse of nuclear waste and the dismantling of George
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