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End-Of-Waste Criteria for Copper and Copper Alloy Scrap

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End-Of-Waste Criteria for Copper and Copper Alloy Scrap End-of-waste Criteria for Copper and Copper Alloy Scrap: Technical Proposals Lenka Muchova, Peter Eder and Alejandro Villanueva EUR 24786 EN - 2011 The mission of the JRC-IPTS is to provide customer-driven support to the EU policy-making process by developing science-based responses to policy challenges that have both a socio- economic as well as a scientific/technological dimension. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Contact information Address: Edificio Expo. c/ Inca Garcilaso, 3. E-41092 Seville (Spain) E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +34 954488318 Fax: +34 954488300 http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 64207 EUR 24786 EN ISBN 978-92-79-19922-6 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2791/57777 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Spain PREFACE This report is the JRC-IPTS contribution to the development of the end-of-waste criteria for copper and copper alloy scrap in accordance with Article 6 of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste (the Waste Framework Directive). The purpose of end-of-waste criteria is to avoid confusion about the waste definition and to clarify when certain waste that has undergone recovery ceases to be waste. Recycling should be supported by creating legal certainty and an equal level playing field and by removing unnecessary administrative burdens. The end-of-waste criteria should provide a high level of environmental protection and an environmental and economic benefit. The recitals of the Waste Framework Directive identify scrap metals as a possible category of waste for which end-of-waste criteria should be developed. Consequently, the Environment Directorate-General requested from the JRC-IPTS a study with technical proposals on end-of- waste criteria for copper and copper alloy scrap. This report delivers the results of the study. It includes a possible set of end-of-waste criteria and shows how the proposals were developed based on a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of copper and copper alloy recycling and an analysis of the economic, environmental and legal impacts when copper scrap cease to be wastes. The report has been produced by the JRC-IPTS based on the contributions of experts from Member States and the stakeholders by means of a TWG. The experts contributed in the form of written inputs and through participation in a workshop organised by the JRC-IPTS in July 2009. The report also used the results of previous research carried out by the JRC-IPTS from 2006 to 2008 and described in the reports 'End-of-waste criteria' and 'Study on the selection of waste streams for end-of-waste assessment'. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface.................................................................................................................................................... 1 Table of contents.................................................................................................................................... 2 List of acronyms .................................................................................................................................... 3 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Background............................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Objective................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Process ................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Structure of the report ............................................................................................................ 6 2 Background information on copper and copper alloy scrap .................................................... 7 2.1 Copper: definition and scope ................................................................................................. 7 2.2 The copper life cycle.............................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Economic data...................................................................................................................... 26 2.4 Specifications and standards ................................................................................................ 35 2.5 Legislation and regulation.................................................................................................... 37 2.6 Environmental and health aspects........................................................................................ 41 3 End-of-waste criteria.................................................................................................................. 45 3.1 Conditions for end-of-waste criteria .................................................................................... 45 3.2 Outline of end-of-waste criteria ........................................................................................... 46 3.3 Product quality requirements ............................................................................................... 48 3.4 Requirements on input materials ......................................................................................... 62 3.5 Requirements on treatment processes and techniques ......................................................... 64 3.6 Quality assurance................................................................................................................. 66 3.7 Information provided with the product ................................................................................ 68 4 Description of impacts................................................................................................................ 69 4.1 Environment and health impacts.......................................................................................... 69 4.2 Economy and market impacts.............................................................................................. 71 4.3 Legislation impacts .............................................................................................................. 78 4.4 Summary of impacts of EoW on copper scrap .................................................................... 87 Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................. 89 Glossary................................................................................................................................................ 91 References ............................................................................................................................................ 95 Annex 1: Scrap categories according to EN 12861:1999.................................................................. 99 Annex 2. Copper and copper alloys scrap categories according to ISRI specification. .............. 103 Annex 3. Summarised proposal of the criteria ............................................................................... 105 LIST OF ACRONYMS ASR Automotive shredder residue BIR Bureau of International Recycling C&D Construction and demolition waste CEN European Committee for Standardization CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons CO Carbon oxide CO2 Carbon dioxide ECHA European Chemical Agency ECI European Copper Institute EEE Electrical and electronic equipment ELVs End-of-life vehicles EoW End-of-waste EU European Union Eurometrec European Metal Trade & Recycling Federation FER Federación Española de la Recuperación y el Reciclaje GHG Greenhouse gas ICSG International Copper Study Group IEW Industrial electrical equipment waste INEW Industrial non-electrical equipment waste ISRI Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries JRC-IPTS Joint Research Centre- Institute for Prospective Technological Studies LME London Metal Exchange MSW Municipal Solid Waste PBT Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic chemicals PCDD/F Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/ Polychlorinated dibenzofurans P-free Phosphorus-free PVC Polyvinyl chloride REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive SDS Safety Data Sheet TWG Technical Working Group UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe VAT Value added tax VOC Volatile organic compounds vPvB very Persistent, very Bioaccumulative WEEE Waste electrical and electronic equipment WFD Waste Framework Directive 3 Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background According to Article 6(1) and (2) of the new Waste Framework Directive (WFD) 2008/98/EC, waste of certain types can cease to be waste when it has undergone a recovery operation
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