DOCSLIB.ORG

Reproductive Physiology of the Boll Weevil Anthonomus Grandis (Boheman): the Functions of the Spermathecal Muscle and the Spermathecalgland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reproductive Physiology of the Boll Weevil Anthonomus Grandis (Boheman): the Functions of the Spermathecal Muscle and the Spermathecalgland Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1974 Reproductive Physiology of the Boll Weevil Anthonomus Grandis (Boheman): the Functions of the Spermathecal Muscle and the Spermathecalgland. Eric John Villavaso Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Villavaso, Eric John, "Reproductive Physiology of the Boll Weevil Anthonomus Grandis (Boheman): the Functions of the Spermathecal Muscle and the Spermathecalgland." (1974). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2640. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2640 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in “sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from “photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of “ photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 VILLAVASO, Eric John, 1941- REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BOLL WEEVIL ANTHONOMUS GRANDIS BOHEMAN: THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SPERMATHECAL MUSCLE AND THE SPERMATHECAL GLAND. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural p and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1974 h} Entomology itf' | University Microfilms, AXEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BOLL WEEVIL ANTHONOMUS GRANDIS BOHEMAN: THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SPERMATHECAL MUSCLE AND THE SPERMATHECAL GLAND A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology by Eric John Villavaso B.S., Louisiana State University, 1967 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1969 May, 1974 EXAMINATION AND THESIS REPORT Candidate: Eric John Villavaso Major Field: Entomology Title o£ Thesis: Reproductive Physiology of the Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman: The Functions of the Spermathecal Muscle and the Spermathecal Gland A , r Approved: Cl)-__________ Major Professor and Chairman Dean of the Graduate "School EXAMINING COMMITTEE:/ 7 fR IDcQ/r~^ Date of Examination: April 19, 1974 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author expresses his appreciation to Dr. N. W. Earle, his major advisor, for steering him into this study and for his encouragement and guidance which made this study pos­ sible. Special thanks are extended to Dr. L. D. Newsom, who demonstrated to the author the basic surgical techniques which made this study possible and who encouraged and ad­ vised him throughout the study. The author also wishes to thank Dr. Dan F. Clower and Dr. R. Larry Rogers for serving on his advisory committee and Dr. Prentiss E. Schilling for his guidance and assistance with the statistical analyses reported in this dissertation. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A CKNOVT.EDGEMENT. j.j TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................. iii LIST OF T A B L E S .................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES........................... vi ABSTRACT .......................................... vii INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................. 3 METHODS AND MATERIALS.............................. 9 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................... 21 CONCLUSIONS........................................ 55 LITERATURE CITED .................................. 53 VITA .............................................. 61 LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 1. Spermathecal filling and percent sperm displacement in females whose spermathecal muscles were severed as virgins .......... 22 2. Average counts per minute per 5 sperma~ thecae of females mated to 32p tagged males ................... 23 3. Ordinal ratings (0 = empty to 10 = full) of sperm content within the spermathecae of < 24 hr old and 3 day old females ex­ amined within 3 hours of mating to mature m a l e s ...................................... 31 4. Spermathecal gland measurements of young (*24 hrs old) vs. old (3 day old) females (in mm) .................................... 34 5. Analyses of variance tables for length, width at proximal end, and width at distal end of the spermathecal glands of young (*24 hrs old) vs. old (3 day old) females .................................... 36 6. Ordinal ratings (0 = empty to 10 = full) of sperm content within the spermathecae of "glandless" females and sham-operated females when the operations were performed <24 hrs after eclosion..................... 39 7. Ovipositional behavior of "glandless" vs. sham-operated vs. normal females (Test 1).................................... 46 S. Ovipositional behavior of "glandless" vs. sham-operated vs. normal females (Test 2).................................... 47 9- Analysis of variance of the data in Table 7 .......................................... 4$ 10. Analysis of variance of the data in Table 3 .................................... 43 iv TABLE Page 11. Ordinal ratings (0 = empty to 10 = full) of the sperm content of the spermathecae of "glandless” vs. sham-operated vs. normal females (Test 1)........................... 49 12. Ordinal ratings (0 = empty to 10 = full) of the sperm content of the spermathecae of "glandless” vs. sham-operated vs. normal females (Test 2) ................... 49 v LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1. Female reproductive system................ 4 2. Fertile egg production over time by "glandless”, sham-operated and normal females (Test 1 ) ........................... 43 3. Fertile egg production over time by "glandless”, sham-operated and normal females (Test 2 ) ....................... 44 vi ABSTRACT Experiments involving surgical removal of the spermathecal gland and/or severing the spermathecal muscle of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were undertaken to determine the functions of these structures. Some functions of the male ejaculate were also investigated. In females whose spermathecal muscle had been severed, spermathecal filling occurred, but active spermatozoa remained within the spermatheca, and females exhibited virginal oviposition behavior. The spermathecal muscle also functions in sperm displacement. Severing the muscle resulted in only 22$ sperm displacement within the spermatheca as compared to 66$ displacement within the spermatheca of normal females. The small amount of dis­ placement which did occur within the spermathecae of females with severed spermathecal muscles may be the re­ sult of sperm activity alone or may be caused by a flow of material originating within the spermathecal gland. Secretions of the spermathecal gland activated spermatozoa within the female reproductive tract. Without these secretions spermatozoa remained inactive, were unable to enter the spermatheca, and rapidly lost their ferti­ lizing capacity within the copulatory pouch. When the spermathecal gland was removed after secretory activity had begun, spermathecal filling occured but the spermatozoa vii gradually lost their motility and fertilizing capacity indicating that the secretions are effective in very small amounts. viii INTRODUCTION Shortly after mating, many of the sperm which have been introduced into the copulatory pouch of a female boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, migrate to the spermatheca where they are stored. If the female mates again a few days later, the sperm in the spermatheca are apparently displaced by the sperm from the more recent mating. The methods of spermathecal filling and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anthonomus Eugenii Pepper Weevil
    Pest specific plant health response plan: Outbreaks of Anthonomus eugenii Figure 1. Adult Anthonomus eugenii. © Fera Science Ltd 1 © Crown copyright 2020 You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or e-mail: [email protected] This document is also available on our website at: https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/pests-and-diseases/contingency-planning/ Any enquiries regarding this document should be sent to us at: The UK Chief Plant Health Officer Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Room 11G32 National Agri-Food Innovation Campus Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ Email: [email protected] 2 Contents 1. Introduction and scope ......................................................................................................... 4 2. Summary of threat................................................................................................................. 4 3. Risk assessments ................................................................................................................. 5 4. Actions to prevent outbreaks ............................................................................................... 5 5. Response ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Artículos Originales
    BOLETIN DEL MUSEO ENTOMOLÓGICO FRANCISCO LUÍS GALLEGO ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES SPECIES OF THE BEETLE GENUS ANTHONOMUS GERMAR, 1817 (CURCULIONIDAE: CURCULIONINAE: ANTHONOMINI) OF QUARANTINE IMPORTANCE INTERCEPTED AT U.S. PORTS OF ENTRY Allan H. Smith-Pardo. Entomologist. USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 389 Oyster Point Blvd., Suite 2, South San Francisco, CA. 94080. United States of America. [email protected] Abstract This paper presents a discussion on the taxonomy of weevils of the genus Anthonomus and presents diagnostic characters useful for the identification of adult and immature stages of the genus. In addition, I ran a search in the USDA’s AQAS database for interceptions of species of Anthonomus of quarantine importance that have been intercepted at United States ports of entry. In total, six species of quarantine importance have been intercepted: Anthonomus flavus, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus melanosticus, Anthonomus pomorum, Anthonomus rubi, and Anthonomus sisyphus. Photographs and information on the origin and hosts of these interceptions are included. Key words Weevil, pest, crop, imported commodities, diagnostic character Resumen En este artículo se presenta una discusión acerca de la taxonomía de escarabajos- picudos del genero Anthonomus y se presentan los caracteres diagnósticos para la identificación de estadios inmaduros y de adultos. Adicionalmente, se hizo una búsqueda de las intercepciones de especies del genero Anthonomus de 7 Volumen 7 • Número 1 Marzo • 2015 importancia cuarentenaria en los EEUU plants of the family Rosaceae and is an que han sido interceptados en puertos de important pest of strawberry (Fragaria x entrada. En total se han interceptado seis ananassa) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus); especies de importancia cuarentenaria and the pepper weevil, Anthonomus de acuerdo a la base de datos AQAS del eugenii, which feeds on plants of the USDA: Anthonomus flavus, Anthonomus genus Capsicum and Solanum] or as grandis, Anthonomus melanosticus, biological control agents of invasive Anthonomus pomorum, Anthonomus rubi plants [e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • (Coleoptera) from European Eocene Ambers
    geosciences Review A Review of the Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) from European Eocene Ambers Andrei A. Legalov 1,2 1 Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Street 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected]; Tel.: +7-9139471413 2 Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Lenina Prospekt 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia Received: 16 October 2019; Accepted: 23 December 2019; Published: 30 December 2019 Abstract: All 142 known species of Curculionoidea in Eocene amber are documented, including one species of Nemonychidae, 16 species of Anthribidae, six species of Belidae, 10 species of Rhynchitidae, 13 species of Brentidae, 70 species of Curcuionidae, two species of Platypodidae, and 24 species of Scolytidae. Oise amber has eight species, Baltic amber has 118 species, and Rovno amber has 16 species. Nine new genera and 18 new species are described from Baltic amber. Four new synonyms are noted: Palaeometrioxena Legalov, 2012, syn. nov. is synonymous with Archimetrioxena Voss, 1953; Paleopissodes weigangae Ulke, 1947, syn. nov. is synonymous with Electrotribus theryi Hustache, 1942; Electrotribus erectosquamata Rheinheimer, 2007, syn. nov. is synonymous with Succinostyphlus mroczkowskii Kuska, 1996; Protonaupactus Zherikhin, 1971, syn. nov. is synonymous with Paonaupactus Voss, 1953. Keys for Eocene amber Curculionoidea are given. There are the first records of Aedemonini and Camarotini, and genera Limalophus and Cenocephalus in Baltic amber. Keywords: Coleoptera; Curculionoidea; fossil weevil; new taxa; keys; Palaeogene 1. Introduction The Curculionoidea are one of the largest and most diverse groups of beetles, including more than 62,000 species [1] comprising 11 families [2,3]. They have a complex morphological structure [2–7], ecological confinement, and diverse trophic links [1], which makes them a convenient group for characterizing modern and fossil biocenoses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mexican Cotton-Boll Weevil (Anthonomus Grandis Boh.)
    Circular No. 14, Second Series. (Revision of No. 6.) United States Department of Agriculture, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. THE MEXICAN COTTON-BOLL WEEVIL. (Anthonomus grandis Bob.) SCOPE OF THE CIRCULAR. Circular No. 6 was published in April, 1895, and contained a brief report of the observations made up to that time, and the conclusions based on those observations, concerning the Mexican cotton boll weevil, an insect of Central American origin which, during 1894, attracted considera- ble attention in the cotton fields of south Texas. The investi- gation was continued during the summer, fall, and early winter of 1895, especially by Mr. Schwarz, who visited Texas in May and June and again from October to De- cember, and by Mr. Town send, who was FlG.l. Anthonomus grandis: a, adult beetle; b, pupa: larva—all enlarged. stationed in the State during the greater part of the summer. The writer went to Texas in December, and in companj- with Mr. Schwarz carefully studied the condition of affairs at that season and talked with many prominent cotton growers. The object of the present circular is to lay before cot- ton planters the results of this supplementary investigation. In order to make it complete in itself, such facts as are needed are repeated from Circular No. 6. GENERAL APPEARANCE AND METHOD OF WORK. This insect is a small, grayish weevil, of the shape and general appearance shown in fig. 1, «, and measuring a little less than a quar- ter of an inch in length. It is found in the cotton fields throughout the season, puncturing and laying its eggs in the squares and bolls.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects and Related Arthropods Associated with of Agriculture
    USDA United States Department Insects and Related Arthropods Associated with of Agriculture Forest Service Greenleaf Manzanita in Montane Chaparral Pacific Southwest Communities of Northeastern California Research Station General Technical Report Michael A. Valenti George T. Ferrell Alan A. Berryman PSW-GTR- 167 Publisher: Pacific Southwest Research Station Albany, California Forest Service Mailing address: U.S. Department of Agriculture PO Box 245, Berkeley CA 9470 1 -0245 Abstract Valenti, Michael A.; Ferrell, George T.; Berryman, Alan A. 1997. Insects and related arthropods associated with greenleaf manzanita in montane chaparral communities of northeastern California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-167. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. Agriculture; 26 p. September 1997 Specimens representing 19 orders and 169 arthropod families (mostly insects) were collected from greenleaf manzanita brushfields in northeastern California and identified to species whenever possible. More than500 taxa below the family level wereinventoried, and each listing includes relative frequency of encounter, life stages collected, and dominant role in the greenleaf manzanita community. Specific host relationships are included for some predators and parasitoids. Herbivores, predators, and parasitoids comprised the majority (80 percent) of identified insects and related taxa. Retrieval Terms: Arctostaphylos patula, arthropods, California, insects, manzanita The Authors Michael A. Valenti is Forest Health Specialist, Delaware Department of Agriculture, 2320 S. DuPont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901-5515. George T. Ferrell is a retired Research Entomologist, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2400 Washington Ave., Redding, CA 96001. Alan A. Berryman is Professor of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382. All photographs were taken by Michael A. Valenti, except for Figure 2, which was taken by Amy H.
    [Show full text]
  • W024 Cotton Insects: Boll Weevil
    Agricultural Extension Service The University of Tennessee W024 Cotton Insects Boll Weevil Scott D. Stewart, Associate Professor Entomology and Plant Pathology Classification and Description America in the 1890s and quickly made their way The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis across most of the Cotton Belt. Although adults can (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), belongs to a group of beetles characterized by an elongated snout (or probos- cis). The adult boll weevil is about 1⁄4 inch long. Re- cently emerged adults may have a slightly reddish hue, but adult color typically varies from gray or brown to nearly black. The boll weevilʼs snout is about one-half the length of its body. Chewing mouthparts are located at the end of the snout. Boll weevils can generally be separated from other weevils by the presence of two spurs on the femur of each front leg, with the inside spur being larger than the outside spur. Immature life stages, including eggs, larvae and pupae, are found inside squares or bolls. Eggs are small and embedded inside squares and bolls, and thus are not visible. The larval and pupal stages of the boll weevil are found inside squares or bolls. Larvae are white to cream- Boll weevil colored, legless and about 1⁄2 inch long when fully de- veloped. Pupae are also white to cream-colored. Legs, temporarily feed and persist on the pollen of some eyes and mouthparts become visible on pupae as they other plants, this insect can only reproduce on cotton. develop. Life History Hosts and Distribution The boll weevil overwinters as an adult.
    [Show full text]
  • Starvation-Induced Morphological Responses of the Boll Weevil, Anthonomus Grandis Grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Dale W
    The Journal of Cotton Science 21:275–283 (2017) 275 http://journal.cotton.org, © The Cotton Foundation 2018 ARTHROPOD MANAGEMENT Starvation-Induced Morphological Responses of the Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Dale W. Spurgeon and Charles P.-C. Suh ABSTRACT improve the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of remedial actions in eradication programs. Status of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, as a pest of cotton (Gossypium he boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis spp.) in the United States has diminished because TBoheman) has been eradicated from most of of progress by eradication programs. However, the cotton (Gossypium spp.) producing regions of this pest remains of critical importance in South the United States (U.S.), but remains one of the America, and intractable populations in extreme most important pests of cotton in much of South South Texas and northern Mexico persistently America (Scataglini et al. 2006). Even within the threaten reinfestation of adjoining eradicated U.S., intractable populations remain in southernmost regions. The pheromone trap is an essential tool Texas, and in Mexico (Anonymous 2014). These for detecting boll weevil infestations in eradica- populations are the putative sources of periodic tion and management programs, and captures by reinfestations of production regions in the Texas the traps are also used to infer aspects of weevil Coastal Bend and Wintergarden areas, and their ecology. Information provided by traps might be presence poses a threat to the investments in more interpretable if reliable morphological in- eradication by the cotton industry. dicators can be identified from captured weevils, The boll weevil pheromone trap plays a key role and less ambiguous if appropriate trapping inter- in population monitoring and detection in eradica- vals were identified to maximize the usefulness of tion and management programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomology I
    MZO-08 Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Entomology I MZO-08 Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Entomology I Course Development Committee Chair Person Prof. Ashok Sharma Prof. L.R.Gurjar Vice-Chancellor Director (Academic) Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Coordinator and Members Convener SANDEEP HOODA Assistant Professor of Zoology School of Science & Technology Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Members Prof . (Rtd.) Dr. D.P. Jaroli Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. Reena Mathur Professor Emeritus Former Head Department of Zoology Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. S.C. Joshi Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. Maheep Bhatnagar Department of Zoology Mohan Lal Sukhadiya University University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Udaipur Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. K.K. Sharma Prof. M.M. Ranga Mahrishi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer Ajmer Dr. Anuradha Singh Dr. Prahlad Dubey Rtd. Lecturer Government College Head Department of Zoology Kota Government College , Kota Dr. Subrat Sharma Dr. Anuradha Dubey Lecturer Deputy Director Government College , Kota School of Science and Technology Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Dr. Subhash Chandra Director (Regional Center) VMOU, Kota Editing and Course Writing Editors Dr. Subhash Chandra SANDEEP HOODA Director ,Regional Center Assistant Professor of Zoology Vardhman Mahaveer Open University ,Kota Vardhman Mahaveer Open University ,Kota Writers: Writer Name Unit No. Writer Name Unit No Ms. Asha Kumari Verma 3,5,8 Dr. Abhishek Rajpurohit 11,13 UGC-NET JRF Department of Assistant Professor Zoology, JNVU, Lachoo Memorial College Jodhpur of Science & Technology,Jodhpur Dr. Neetu Kachhawaha 1,2,4,6,7,12 Dr. Subhash Chandra 14,15 Assistant Professor, Director ,Regional Center Department of Zoology, Vardhman Mahaveer University of Rajasthan ,Jaipur.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodynamics of Anthonomus Macromalus
    a higher mortality than other insecticide treatments during Heidemann, O. 1908. Two new species of North American Tingidae. Pro ceedings of the Entomol. Soc. Washington. 10:103-108. 15 to 30 day post treatment period (Table 4). Larson, K. D., B. Schaffer and F. S. Davies. 1991. Flooding, leaf gas exchange, Because of increasing concerns about the excessive use of and growth of mango in containers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116:156-160. pesticides, non pesticidal methods and environmentally Mead, F. andj. E. Pena. 1991. Avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Hemi friendly methods for controlling P. perseae, such as those dis ptera: Tingidae). Florida Dept. Agr. 8c Consumer Serv., Div. Plant Indus covered or tested in this study, should be given priority to be try Entomol. Circ. 346. Medina-Gaud, S., A. Segarra and R. Franqui. 1991. The avocado lacewing bug adapted or used by the Florida avocado industry. Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) (Hemiptera: Tingidae).J. Agric. U. of Puerto Rico. 75:185-188. PefiaJ.E. 1992. Chemical control of avocado and lime pests. Proc. Fla. State Literature Cited Hort. Soc. 105:286-287. Schaffer, B. 1995. The environment, the urban jingle jungle and politics ver sus fruit production in south Florida, with special reference to avocado. Abud-Antum, A. 1991. Presence of avocado lacebug, Pseudacysta perseae Proceedings of the Australia (Heidemann) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Dominican Republic. Primera Avocado Grower's Federation, Inc., Conference 95, Freeman tie, Australia, Jornada de Proteccion Vegetal, Universidad de Santo Domingo, Domini pp.127-134. can Republic (Abstract p.4). Schaffer, B.J. E. Pena, A.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Pepper Weevil, Anthonomus Eugenii Cano and Cuban Pepper Weevil, Faustinus Cubae (Boheman)
    EENY-278 Pepper Weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano and Cuban Pepper Weevil, Faustinus cubae (Boheman). (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1 John L. Capinera2 The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, is the most locations. The adults are long-lived and produce overlap- important insect pest of pepper in the southern United ping generations, so it is difficult to ascertain generation States. Cuban pepper weevil is a minor pest in Florida, and number accurately. In central Florida, adults are common apparently recently introduced. Elsewhere, it is known only from March until June, reflecting the availability of peppers, from Cuba. but a few can be found throughout the year except in December and January. Adults overwinter, but only where Distribution food is available, because diapause does not occur in this species. The origin of the pepper weevil likely is Mexico, though it has spread throughout most of Central America and the Egg Caribbean, and to the southern US. It also occurs in Hawaii and Puerto Rico. It is now found across the southernmost Oviposition may commence within two days of mating. The United States from Florida to California. Pepper weevil eggs are white when first deposited, but soon turn yellow. populations persist only where food plants are available They are oval in shape and measure 0.53 mm in length and throughout the year, largely limiting its economic pest 0.39 mm in width. Eggs are deposited singly beneath the status to the southernmost state in the US. Because trans- surface of the bud or pod. The female creates an egg cavity plants are shipped northward each spring, however, pepper with her mouthparts before depositing the egg, and seals weevil sometimes occurs in more northern locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenology of the Strawberry Blossom Weevil and Damage in Strawberries Andrea Krauß1, Christiane Steen2 and C.P.W
    232 Short Contributions Phenology of the strawberry blossom weevil and damage in strawberries Andrea Krauß1, Christiane Steen2 and C.P.W. Zebitz1 Abstract The strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Col., Curculionidae) is a key pest in strawberries. Depending on the strawberry cultivar and the temperature profile in spring, it can reduce yield up to 60 %. The primary damage is caused by the females of the overwintering generation, cutting the petiole of the flower buds after oviposition into them. These buds usually wither after a short period of time and are eventually dropped off. Hatched larvae feed for ca. 3 weeks on the buds until pupation inside the buds. Emerging adults leave the buds and feed on the petals of abundant strawberry flowers without causing further damage and migrate to their hibernation sites. Thus, A. rubi is an univoltine species directly reducing strawberry yield and necessary to control. However, little is known about the phenology and damage caused by A. rubi to different strawberry cultivars and plant age. Since the hibernation sites are not clearly identified yet, soil and litter samples were taken from the survey areas and the nearby forests in a time series at different distances from the field border to assess the phenology and abundance in the field. Furthermore, intact and damaged flower buds, flowers in different developmental stages (BBCH-stages), and fruits were collected to determine damage level. The results showed that the infestation in plants was highest near the field borders adjacent to forests, and decreasing in intensity with increasing distance to the forests. Damage was higher in older than in younger plantations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anthonomus Juniperinus Group, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 3-2010 The Anthonomus juniperinus group, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Wayne E. Clark Auburn University, [email protected] Horace R. Burke Texas A&M University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Clark, Wayne E. and Burke, Horace R., "The Anthonomus juniperinus group, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" (2010). Insecta Mundi. 643. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/643 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0119 The Anthonomus juniperinus group, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Wayne E. Clark Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849-5413, U.S.A. Horace R. Burke Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-2475, U.S.A. Date of Issue: March 12, 2010 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Wayne E. Clark and Horace R. Burke The Anthonomus juniperinus group, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Insecta Mundi 0119: 1-10 Published in 2010 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 U. S. A. http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod taxon.
    [Show full text]