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Spatiotemporal Pattern of Phenology Across Geographic Gradients in Insects
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 Spatiotemporal pattern of phenology across geographic gradients in insects Khelifa, Rassim Abstract: Phenology – the timing of recurrent biological events – influences nearly all aspects of ecology and evolution. Phenological shifts have been recorded in a wide range of animals and plants worldwide during the past few decades. Although the phenological responses differ between taxa, they may also vary geographically, especially along gradients such as latitude or elevation. Since changes in phenology have been shown to affect ecology, evolution, human health and the economy, understanding pheno- logical shifts has become a priority. Although phenological shifts have been associated with changes in temperature, there is still little comprehension of the phenology-temperature relationship, particularly the mechanisms influencing its strength and the extent to which it varies geographically. Such ques- tions would ideally be addressed by combining controlled laboratory experiments on thermal response with long-term observational datasets and historical temperature records. Here, I used odonates (drag- onflies and damselflies) and Sepsid scavenger flies to unravel how temperature affects development and phenology at different latitudes and elevations. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide essential knowledge on the factors driving the spatiotemporal phenological dynamics by (1) investigating how phenology changed in time and space across latitude and elevation in northcentral Europe during the past three decades, (2) assessing potential temporal changes in thermal sensitivity of phenology and (3) describing the geographic pattern and usefulness of thermal performance curves in predicting natural responses. -
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus on Wheat: Biology and Management
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus on Wheat: Biology and Management B.A.R. Hadi,1 M.A.C. Langham, L. Osborne, and K. J. Tilmon Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 1Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]. J. Integ. Pest Mngmt. 1(2): 2011; DOI: 10.1603/IPM10017 ABSTRACT. Wheat streak mosaic virus is a virus that infects wheat and is transmitted by the wheat curl mite. This virus is responsible for wheat streak mosaic, a widely distributed disease of wheat that can cause economically important yield losses. The current viral taxonomy, vector biology, disease cycle, and management options of Wheat streak mosaic virus are reviewed in this article. Key Words: Wheat streak mosaic virus; wheat curl mite Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jipm/article/2/1/J1/2194262 by guest on 23 September 2021 Wheat streak mosaic virus infects both winter and spring wheat Wheat streak mosaic virus was originally placed in the genus Rymo- (Triticum aestivum L.) in the United States and abroad. Depending on virus with other mite-transmitted viruses of Potyviridae. A phyloge- environmental conditions (wet, dry, cool, or hot weather), yield loss netic analysis of Wheat streak mosaic virus using its completed because of Wheat streak mosaic virus infections can surpass 60% nucleotide sequence demonstrated that it shares most recent common (Langham et al. 2001a). Wheat streak mosaic virus is transmitted by ancestry with the whitefly-transmitted Sweet potato mild mottle virus the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae). and not with Ryegrass mosaic virus, the type member of genus Wheat is the preferred host for wheat curl mite and an excellent host Rymovirus. -
Anthonomus Eugenii Pepper Weevil
Pest specific plant health response plan: Outbreaks of Anthonomus eugenii Figure 1. Adult Anthonomus eugenii. © Fera Science Ltd 1 © Crown copyright 2020 You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or e-mail: [email protected] This document is also available on our website at: https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/pests-and-diseases/contingency-planning/ Any enquiries regarding this document should be sent to us at: The UK Chief Plant Health Officer Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Room 11G32 National Agri-Food Innovation Campus Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ Email: [email protected] 2 Contents 1. Introduction and scope ......................................................................................................... 4 2. Summary of threat................................................................................................................. 4 3. Risk assessments ................................................................................................................. 5 4. Actions to prevent outbreaks ............................................................................................... 5 5. Response .............................................................................................................................. -
Efficiency of Antlion Trap Construction
3510 The Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 3510-3515 Published by The Company of Biologists 2006 doi:10.1242/jeb.02401 Efficiency of antlion trap construction Arnold Fertin* and Jérôme Casas Université de Tours, IRBI UMR CNRS 6035, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 21 June 2006 Summary Assessing the architectural optimality of animal physical constant of sand that defines the steepest possible constructions is in most cases extremely difficult, but is slope. Antlions produce efficient traps, with slopes steep feasible for antlion larvae, which dig simple pits in sand to enough to guide preys to their mouths without any attack, catch ants. Slope angle, conicity and the distance between and shallow enough to avoid the likelihood of avalanches the head and the trap bottom, known as off-centring, were typical of crater angles. The reasons for the paucity of measured using a precise scanning device. Complete attack simplest and most efficient traps such as theses in the sequences in the same pits were then quantified, with animal kingdom are discussed. predation cost related to the number of behavioural items before capture. Off-centring leads to a loss of architectural efficiency that is compensated by complex attack Supplementary material available online at behaviour. Off-centring happened in half of the cases and http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/209/18/3510/DC1 corresponded to post-construction movements. In the absence of off-centring, the trap is perfectly conical and Key words: animal construction, antlion pit, sit-and-wait predation, the angle is significantly smaller than the crater angle, a physics of sand, psammophily. -
UFRJ a Paleoentomofauna Brasileira
Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual The Brazilian Fossil Insects: Current Scenario Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Scheler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências: Patrimônio Geopaleontológico, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/nº, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 24/01/2018 Aprovado em: 08/03/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_142_166 Resumo O presente trabalho fornece um panorama geral sobre o conhecimento da paleoentomologia brasileira até o presente, abordando insetos do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico, incluindo a atualização das espécies publicadas até o momento após a última grande revisão bibliográica, mencionando ainda as unidades geológicas em que ocorrem e os trabalhos relacionados. Palavras-chave: Paleoentomologia; insetos fósseis; Brasil Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Brazilian palaeoentomology, about insects Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, including the review of the published species at the present. It was analiyzed the geological units of occurrence and the related literature. Keywords: Palaeoentomology; fossil insects; Brazil Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 142 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes 1 Introdução Devoniano Superior (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos são um dos primeiros organismos Algumas ordens como Blattodea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera e Psocopera surgiram a colonizar os ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no Carbonífero com ocorrências até o recente, continentais (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). -
Artículos Originales
BOLETIN DEL MUSEO ENTOMOLÓGICO FRANCISCO LUÍS GALLEGO ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES SPECIES OF THE BEETLE GENUS ANTHONOMUS GERMAR, 1817 (CURCULIONIDAE: CURCULIONINAE: ANTHONOMINI) OF QUARANTINE IMPORTANCE INTERCEPTED AT U.S. PORTS OF ENTRY Allan H. Smith-Pardo. Entomologist. USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 389 Oyster Point Blvd., Suite 2, South San Francisco, CA. 94080. United States of America. [email protected] Abstract This paper presents a discussion on the taxonomy of weevils of the genus Anthonomus and presents diagnostic characters useful for the identification of adult and immature stages of the genus. In addition, I ran a search in the USDA’s AQAS database for interceptions of species of Anthonomus of quarantine importance that have been intercepted at United States ports of entry. In total, six species of quarantine importance have been intercepted: Anthonomus flavus, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus melanosticus, Anthonomus pomorum, Anthonomus rubi, and Anthonomus sisyphus. Photographs and information on the origin and hosts of these interceptions are included. Key words Weevil, pest, crop, imported commodities, diagnostic character Resumen En este artículo se presenta una discusión acerca de la taxonomía de escarabajos- picudos del genero Anthonomus y se presentan los caracteres diagnósticos para la identificación de estadios inmaduros y de adultos. Adicionalmente, se hizo una búsqueda de las intercepciones de especies del genero Anthonomus de 7 Volumen 7 • Número 1 Marzo • 2015 importancia cuarentenaria en los EEUU plants of the family Rosaceae and is an que han sido interceptados en puertos de important pest of strawberry (Fragaria x entrada. En total se han interceptado seis ananassa) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus); especies de importancia cuarentenaria and the pepper weevil, Anthonomus de acuerdo a la base de datos AQAS del eugenii, which feeds on plants of the USDA: Anthonomus flavus, Anthonomus genus Capsicum and Solanum] or as grandis, Anthonomus melanosticus, biological control agents of invasive Anthonomus pomorum, Anthonomus rubi plants [e.g. -
General News
Biocontrol News and Information 27(4), 63N–79N pestscience.com General News David Greathead hoods. Both broom and tagasaste pods can be a seasonally important food source for kererū (an As this issue went to press we received the sad news endemic pigeon, Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae), par- of the untimely death of Dr David Greathead at the ticularly in regions where its native food plants have age of 74. declined. A previous petition for the release of G. oli- vacea into New Zealand was rejected by the New Besides being a dedicated and popular Director of Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in CABI’s International Institute of Biological Control 1998 on the grounds that there was insufficient (IIBC), David was the driving force behind the estab- information to assess the relative beneficial and lishment and development of Biocontrol News and harmful effects of the proposed introduction. Information. He was an active member of its Edito- rial Board, providing advice and ideas right up to his As part of the submission to ERMA, Landcare death. Research quantified the expected costs and benefits associated with the introduction of additional biolog- We plan that the next issue will carry a full obituary. ical control agents for broom1. Due to uncertainties Please contact us if you would be willing to con- regarding the costs, a risk-averse approach was tribute information: commentary, personal adopted by assuming a worse-case scenario where memories or anecdotes on the contribution that tagasaste was planted to its maximum potential David made. extent in New Zealand (10,000 ha), levels of non- target damage to tagasaste were similar to those on Contact: Matthew Cock & Rebecca Murphy C. -
Britain's Robberflies – Diptera Asilidae
Britain’s Robberflies – Diptera Asilidae Malcolm Smart Asilidae – the BIG CATS of the Diptera World Adults exclusively carnivorous predators of other insects – mostly other Diptera Larvae where known are also believed to be predatory What distinguishes a Robber Fly (an Asilid) from other Diptera ??? Example based on drawings and photos of Philonicus albiceps notch Two primary characters: * Eyes separated in both sexes by a deep notch at the top of mystax the head. * There is a central clump of down-curved bristles on the face above the upper mouth edge (called the mystax). Typically large and robust Diptera with elongated bodies . The proboscis is rigid and adapted for piercing insect cuticle. Asilidae species count with examples World Britain VCs surrounding Bedford Bedfordshire VC 7000+ 29 18 13 World distribution of Asilidae Genera and Species (after F. Geller-Grim) An introduction to the British Asilidae fauna compiled using data primarily from the following sources Data held by the Soldierflies and Allies Recording Scheme run by & Distribution maps derived from it at October 2016 (15900 Asilidae records) Photographs of Asilidae submitted to Facebook for identification or comment by: Lester Wareham, Mo Richards, Graham Dash, Martin Parr, Graham Brownlow, Mark Welch Albums of Asilidae photographs submitted for public scrutiny by wildlife/ dipterist specialists: Steven Falk, Janet Graham, Ian Andrews, Gail Hampshire Pictures offered by or requested from: Nigel Jones, Martin Harvey, Alan Outen, Mike Taylor, Tim Ransom, Tim Hodge, Fritz -
1 an Example of Parasitoid Foraging: Torymus Capite
1 AN EXAMPLE OF PARASITOID FORAGING: TORYMUS CAPITE (HUBER; HYMEMOPTERA: TORYMIDAE [CHALCIDOIDEA]) ATTACKING THE GOLDENROD GALL-MIDGE ASTEROMYIA CARBONIFERA (O. S.; DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) Richard F. Green Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth, MN 55812 U. S. A. INTRODUCTION Van Alphen and Vet (1986) refer to the work of Arthur E. Weis (1983) on a torymid wasp that attacks a gall midge on goldenrod. This system seems to be quite well-studied, particularly, but not exclusively, by Weis. Van Alphen and Vet point out that the parasitoids tend to attack about the same proportion of hosts in patches (galls) with varying numbers of hosts. This has implications for the foraging strategy that the parasitoids use. In this note I want to do three things: (1) outline the basic biology of the organisms involved, (2) describe the results of a foraging experiment conducted by Weis (1983), and (3) interpret the results in terms of Oaten’s stochastic model of optimal foraging. Arthur E. Weis is coauthor of a book (Abrahamson and Weis 1997) on the biology of a three trophic-level system involving a goldenrod stem-gall maker Eurosta solidaginis, its host plant and its enemies. The work described here is earlier work, done an a different species. The biology of the system The species of greatest interest are the torymid parasitoid Torymus capite, which is a larval parasitoid of the gall midge Asteromyia carbonifera, which itself makes blister-like galls on the leaves of goldenrod, especially Canadian goldenrod, Solidgo canadiensis L. (Compositae). There are three generations of gall midge (and its parasitoids) each year. -
Field Release of the Gall Mite, Aceria Drabae
United States Department of Field release of the gall mite, Agriculture Aceria drabae (Acari: Marketing and Regulatory Eriophyidae), for classical Programs biological control of hoary Animal and Plant Health Inspection cress (Lepidium draba L., Service Lepidium chalapense L., and Lepidium appelianum Al- Shehbaz) (Brassicaceae), in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, January 2018 Field release of the gall mite, Aceria drabae (Acari: Eriophyidae), for classical biological control of hoary cress (Lepidium draba L., Lepidium chalapense L., and Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz) (Brassicaceae), in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, January 2018 Agency Contact: Colin D. Stewart, Assistant Director Pests, Pathogens, and Biocontrol Permits Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Rd., Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. -
Remarks on Some European Aleocharinae, with Description of a New Rhopaletes Species from Croatia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle © Décembre Vol. LIII pp. 191–215 «Grigore Antipa» 2010 DOI: 10.2478/v10191-010-0015-6 REMARKS ON SOME EUROPEAN ALEOCHARINAE, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW RHOPALETES SPECIES FROM CROATIA (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) LÁSZLÓ ÁDÁM Abstract. Based on an examination of type and non-type material, ten species-group names are synonymised: Atheta mediterranea G. Benick, 1941, Aloconota carpathica Jeannel et Jarrige, 1949 and Atheta carpatensis Tichomirova, 1973 with Aloconota mihoki (Bernhauer, 1913); Amischa jugorum Scheerpeltz, 1956 with Amischa analis (Gravenhorst, 1802); Amischa strupii Scheerpeltz, 1967 with Amischa bifoveolata (Mannerheim, 1830); Atheta tricholomatobia V. B. Semenov, 2002 with Atheta boehmei Linke, 1934; Atheta palatina G. Benick, 1974 and Atheta palatina G. Benick, 1975 with Atheta dilaticornis (Kraatz, 1856); Atheta degenerata G. Benick, 1974 and Atheta degenerata G. Benick, 1975 with Atheta testaceipes (Heer, 1839). A new name, Atheta velebitica nom. nov. is proposed for Atheta serotina Ádám, 2008, a junior primary homonym of Atheta serotina Blackwelder, 1944. A revised key for the Central European species of the Aloconota sulcifrons group is provided. Comments on the separation of the males of Amischa bifoveolata and A. analis are given. A key for the identification of Amischa species occurring in Hungary and its close surroundings is presented. Remarks are presented about the relationships of Alevonota Thomson, 1858 and Enalodroma Thomson, 1859. The taxonomic status of Oxypodera Bernhauer, 1915 and Mycetota Ádám, 1987 is discussed. The specific status of Pella hampei (Kraatz, 1862) is debated. Remarks are presented about the relationships of Alevonota Thomson, 1858, as well as Mycetota Ádám, 1987, Oxypodera Bernhauer, 1915 and Rhopaletes Cameron, 1939. -
Factors Influencing Wheat Curl Mite <I>Aceria Tosichella</I> Keifer
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology Entomology, Department of 4-2020 Factors Influencing Wheat Curl Mite Aceria tosichella Keifer Dispersal Lindsay M. Overmyer University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss Part of the Entomology Commons Overmyer, Lindsay M., "Factors Influencing Wheat Curl Mite Aceria tosichella Keifer Dispersal" (2020). Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology. 65. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss/65 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. FACTORS INFLUENCING WHEAT CURL MITE ACERIA TOSICHELLA KEIFER DISPERSAL by Lindsay M. Overmyer A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfilment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Entomology Under the Supervision of Professor Gary L. Hein Lincoln, Nebraska May 2020 FACTORS INFLUENCING WHEAT CURL MITE ACERIA TOSICHELLA KEIFER DISPERSAL Lindsay M. Overmyer, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2020 Advisor: Gary L. Hein The wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) (WCM) is a vector of three plant viruses to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) including: Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and High Plains wheat mosaic virus. This wheat-mite- virus complex causes significant yield loss in winter wheat across the Great Plains. Management of WCM host plants during the time between wheat harvest and planting of the new wheat crop (the green bridge) is critical in reducing potential risk and loss from this complex.