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Midshipman, Patriot, President
FEATURE Midshipman, Patriot, President By Daniel I. Pedreira he U.S. Naval Academy’s Class of Hevia attended LaSalle High School T1920 had among its members its and the Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza first Cuban graduate and first graduate in Havana and later studied at the New from a sovereign Latin American nation. York Military Academy in preparation Carlos Aurelio Hevia y Reyes Gavilán for the Naval Academy. was born in Havana on 21 March 1900. On 15 February 1916, the U.S. His father, Aurelio Hevia y Alcalde, was Congress approved a Joint Resolution an attorney who served as a colonel in authorizing the Secretary of the Navy Cuba’s War of Independence (1895- to admit Hevia into the U.S. Naval 1898), and following independence in Academy on the condition that the Carlos Hevia (third from left) joins First Lady Mary Tarrero de Prío, President Carlos Prío Socarrás 1902, served as Minister of the Interior U.S. government did not cover his and other leaders during a political event (1913-1917). 52 SHIPMATE expenses. For the next four years, Hevia pursued a naval and forcing it to retreat, allowing ILSEVOLMAUER to dock. engineering degree. Days later, the expedition force was defeated, and Hevia was According to the 1920 Lucky Bag, Hevia “charmed every imprisoned for some time. one with his silken line and polished manners” and was “as Upon his release, Hevia returned as an exile to New York. versatile as they come, being well-informed on all subjects.” There, he joined his father as a member of the Cuban Two superintendents led the Academy during this time: Rear Revolutionary Junta in 1932. -
Batista and the Communists, 1933 - 1944 Charles Clayton Hollenkamp University of South Florida
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2006 A marriage of convenience: Batista and the Communists, 1933 - 1944 Charles Clayton Hollenkamp University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Hollenkamp, Charles Clayton, "A marriage of convenience: Batista and the Communists, 1933 - 1944" (2006). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2561 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Marriage of Convenience: Batista and the Communists, 1933 – 1944 by Charles Clayton Hollenkamp A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Paul Dosal, Ph.D. Susan Fernandez, Ph.D. Robert Ingalls, Ph.D. Date of Approval: July 21, 2006 Keywords: cuba, latin america, communism, labor, pre- revolutionary (republican) period © Copyright 2006, Charles Clayton Hollenkamp Table of Contents Abstract ii Introduction 1 Review of Relevant Literature 5 Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar: His Youth and Career until 1933 26 The Cuban Communist Party: From its Origins until 1933 36 Era of Conflict: 1933-1936 Grau’s -
Una Revista Al Servicio De La Nación: Bohemia and the Evolution of Cuban Journalism (1908-1960)
UNA REVISTA AL SERVICIO DE LA NACIÓN: BOHEMIA AND THE EVOLUTION OF CUBAN JOURNALISM (1908-1960) By RICHARD DENIS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 © 2016 Richard Denis To my parents, Elio and Oilda Denis, for their unconditional love and support, and for instilling in me a love of patria at a young age. The memory of them and their sacrifice burns bright in their children and grandchildren. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work is the result of a lifetime of curiosity about the world my parents were born into, and I want to thank them, Elio and Oilda Denis, for instilling in me a sense of the love and devotion they had for their beloved homeland, their patria. I take some solace in the thought that perhaps their physical absence in this world is mitigated by their spiritual reunion with the country they had to leave. Their countless sacrifices are not forgotten. My advisor Professor Lillian Guerra deserves much of the credit for helping guide me into shaping this work into its current form. Her vast and profound understanding of twentieth century Cuba has always amazed and impressed upon me the importance of working harder to understand Cuban history from as many different perspectives as possible, considering the diverse range of voices that deserve to be heard and represented to give a more nuanced interpretation to the complex history that characterized Cuba before the triumph of the Revolution. I am indebted to Professor Sherry Johnson for mentoring and encouraging me to pursue what I have always loved and for helping to light up my path to graduate school at the University of Florida. -
ARCHIGOS a Data Set on Leaders 1875–2004 Version
ARCHIGOS A Data Set on Leaders 1875–2004 Version 2.9∗ c H. E. Goemans Kristian Skrede Gleditsch Giacomo Chiozza August 13, 2009 ∗We sincerely thank several users and commenters who have spotted errors or mistakes. In particular we would like to thank Kirk Bowman, Jinhee Choung, Ursula E. Daxecker, Tanisha Fazal, Kimuli Kasara, Brett Ashley Leeds, Nicolay Marinov, Won-Ho Park, Stuart A. Reid, Martin Steinwand and Ronald Suny. Contents 1 Codebook 1 2 CASE DESCRIPTIONS 5 2.1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ................... 5 2.2 CANADA .................................. 7 2.3 BAHAMAS ................................. 9 2.4 CUBA .................................... 10 2.5 HAITI .................................... 14 2.6 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ....................... 38 2.7 JAMAICA .................................. 79 2.8 TRINIDAD & TOBAGO ......................... 80 2.9 BARBADOS ................................ 81 2.10 MEXICO ................................... 82 2.11 BELIZE ................................... 85 2.12 GUATEMALA ............................... 86 2.13 HONDURAS ................................ 104 2.14 EL SALVADOR .............................. 126 2.15 NICARAGUA ............................... 149 2.16 COSTA RICA ............................... 173 2.17 PANAMA .................................. 194 2.18 COLOMBIA ................................. 203 2.19 VENEZUELA ................................ 209 2.20 GUYANA .................................. 218 2.21 SURINAM ................................. 219 2.22 ECUADOR ................................ -
Presidenciales (I)
Presidenciales (I) Por Ciro Bianchi ¿Sabía usted que la antigua provincia de Las Villas, en el centro de la Isla, fue el territorio que más nombres aportó a la presidencia de la República de Cuba entre 1902 y 1959? ¿Que no hubo ningún camagüeyano que llegara a desempeñar la primera magistratura, y que tres de los que lo hicieron nacieron en el exterior?, ¿que de los presidentes de Cuba siete fueron abogados y dos médicos, y que hubo incluso un graduado de Filosofía y Letras y dos ingenieros?, ¿que los de extracción más humilde fueron los que más se amillonaron en el ejercicio del poder? De esos y de otros temas que atañen a los mandatarios cubanos anteriores a 1959 el escribidor hablará enseguida. Geografía En Las Villas nacieron José Miguel Gómez Gómez y su hijo Miguel Mariano Gómez Arias (ambos en Sancti Spíritus), Gerardo Machado y Morales (Camajuaní), Alberto Herrera y Franchi y Carlos Mendieta Montefur (San Antonio de las Vueltas) y Federico Laredo Bru (Remedios). Curiosamente también eran villareños Manuel Urrutia Lleó (Yaguajay) y el cienfueguero Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, ambos abogados, que no entran en este recuento porque ocuparon la presidencia a partir de 1959. Dorticós fue el último en desempeñar tal cargo, que desapareciera en 1976, cuando la Constitución que entró en vigor entonces creó el cargo de Presidente del Consejo de Estado. En Matanzas (Jagüey Grande) nació Mario García-Menocal y Deop. Pinareños eran Ramón Grau San Martín (La Palma) y Carlos Prío Socarrás (Bahía Honda). Carlos Hevia y de los Reyes Gavilán y Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso nacieron en La Habana; el último de ellos en el Cerro. -
Lillian Guerra, Department of History, University of Florida 1
Lillian Guerra, Department of History, University of Florida Making Revolutionary Cuba, 1946-1959 Objectives and Relevance of Research: I am applying for an NEH fellowship in order to complete the full draft of a book currently under contract and due to Yale University Press by September 2015. Focusing on the radicalization of Cuban politics from the end of WWII through the US-backed dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in the 1950s, Making Revolutionary Cuba is based on four years of research and oral histories gathered in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the US. Addressing critical gaps in our knowledge of the political conditions and experiences which gave rise to the Cuban Revolution of 1959, my research overturns standard narratives that reduce the story of Batista's downfall to creative guerrilla strategies and the magical charisma of one man, Fidel Castro. Weaving archival accounts with intimate personal stories, this book gives voice to the very human experiences behind the dramatic events that made Cuba revolutionary and inspired most Cubans to support radical change. By allowing Cuba's history to speak for itself through previously ignored, censored and unknown sources, this study will enable Cubans and Americans to redefine their vision of the past, present and the future for themselves. Until now, only a handful of books have explored this period and even fewer have attempted to explain the populist policies that underpinned Fulgencio Batista's dictatorial style of rule: none are based on Cuban archival sources and most are purely descriptive, rather than interpretive in nature. The "best" books exploring key aspects of Batista's rule were either written by Batista himself or are based on interviews with Batista's family. -
La Rivoluzione Cubana
LA ReVOLUción CUBANA Historia de la revolución cubana, desde 1492 hasta 1959 Dott. Alessandro Oricchio, assegnista di ricerca cattedra di Lingua Spagnola Scienze Politiche, Prof.ssa Laura Mariottini, Sapienza Università di Roma, 2018. CUBA, posición geográfica Dott. Alessandro Oricchio, assegnista di ricerca cattedra di Lingua Spagnola Scienze Politiche, Prof.ssa Laura Mariottini, Sapienza Università di Roma, 2018. CRISTóBAL COLón, 1492 CUBA TAINOS CYBONEYS GUAJANATABEYS (Agricultores) (CAZADORES) (Cazadores/agricultores) Dott. Alessandro Oricchio, assegnista di ricerca cattedra di Lingua Spagnola Scienze Politiche, Prof.ssa Laura Mariottini, Sapienza Università di Roma, 2018. 1756-1763: GUERRA DE LOS SIETE Años • Se desarrolló entre dos coaliciones de estados: Francia, Austria, Rusia, Suecia y Sajonia, a la que España se incorporó en 1762, y de la otra, Prusia e Inglaterra. CAUSAS • La producción azucarera DESENLACE antillana superaba las 150.000 La Guerra de los Siete Años significó toneladas anuales y Jamaica se para Cuba la toma de La Habana por había convertido en el centro del los ingleses, un golpe que sacó España mercado continental de del conflicto y le hizo perder La Florida a esclavos. cambio de recuperar Cuba. • Luchas por el control del comercio en las Antillas y por el Dott. Alessandro Oricchio, assegnista di ricerca cattedra di Lingua Spagnola Scienze monopolio de la trata de Politiche, Prof.ssa Laura Mariottini, Sapienza Università di Roma, 2018. esclavos (mandos británicos). 1800 Cuba es el primer productor mundial de azúcar Dott. Alessandro Oricchio, assegnista di ricerca cattedra di Lingua Spagnola Scienze Politiche, Prof.ssa Laura Mariottini, Sapienza Università di Roma, 2018. 1868-1878, LA GUERRA DE LOS DIEZ Años GUERRA de los diez años • Fue la primera guerra indipendentista cubana contra las fuerzas reales españolas CAUSAS • España no permitía a los cubanos ocupar cargos públicos y negaba a los cubanos el derecho de reunión como no fuera bajo la supervisión de un jefe militar. -
Table of Contents
TO WHAT EXTENT DID CUBANS SUPPORT FULGENCIO BATISTA’S COUP D'ETAT IN MARCH 1952 Presented to the Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies, University of Nottingham for the award of Masters by Research (MRes) in Hispanic and Latin American Studies. Robert G. Kiteley (BSc Econ). December 2013 El gobierno ha de nacer del país. El espíritu del gobierno ha de ser el del país. La forma de gobierno ha de avenirse a la constitución propia del país. El gobierno no es más que el equilibrio de los elementos naturales del país. José Martí, Nuestra América (1891) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………..4 2. THE FIRST BATISTATO: THE KING IS DEAD, LONG LIVE THE KING……….….……......8 3. THE AUTÉNTICO ERA (1944-52): A POT OF GOLD AND AN EASY CHAIR……...……………..…27 4. MARCH 10: ORDER FROM CHAOS?.....................................................44 5. CONCLUSION..………………………… ...……………..64 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………… ….……….76 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION There was no more exciting place to be on January 1 1959 than Havana, Cuba. It was the defining moment in the life of a nation, when all that came before it seemed to be a prelude. Fidel Castro led a revolution which had captivated an entire population and had swept a brutal tyrant from power. In the emotive moment of revolution, and, the significance of what happened next, an objective portrayal of Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar has somehow been lost to the annals of history. Batista is second only to Castro when it comes to being the Cuban leader who possessed all-encompassing and complete political dominance on the island. -
Guantanamo and U.S. Law
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 30, Issue 3 2006 Article 10 Guantanamo and U.S. Law Joseph C. Sweeney∗ ∗ Copyright c 2006 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj Guantanamo and U.S. Law Joseph C. Sweeney Abstract This Article deals with the United States’ presence at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, the domestic and international law issues that have arisen, and the nature of the jurisdiction exercised there by the United States. It does not deal with the operation of the prison facility. Guantanamo Bay is near the eastern end of Cuba, 628 miles (1000 km) from the capital, Havana. It is a deep- water harbor, protected by hills from the extremes of Caribbean weather; but it has an unhealthy tropical climate. The forty-five square miles of the Guantanamo Naval Base have been occupied by the United States since the Spanish-American War in 1898. Originally a coaling station, it had been utilized for training, repairs, anti-submarine warfare, and humanitarian rescue before its present uses. Its continued presence is deeply resented in the island State of almost twelve million people, but the persistence of the communist dictatorship of Fidel Castro has strengthened U.S. determination to hold on, even though the base no longer serves a military purpose. GUANTANAMO AND U.S. LAW Joseph C. Sweeney* Hurrah for old GITMO on Cuba's fair shore The home of the cockroach, the flea and the whore We'll sing of her praises and pray for the day We get the hell out of Guantanamo Bay!t I. -
List of Presidents of Cuba
Name # Party Term (Birth–Death) Presidents of the Republic of Cuba Tomás Estrada Palma 20 May 1902 – 28 September 1 Moderate Party (1832–1908) 1906 Governors appointed by the United States William Howard Taft Governor appointed by the U.S. 29 September – 13 October 1906 (1857–1930) Charles Edward Magoon 13 October 1906 – 28 January Governor appointed by the U.S. (1861–1920) 1909 Presidents of the Republic of Cuba José Miguel Gómez 2 Liberal Party 28 January 1909 – 20 May 1913 (1858–1921) Mario García Menocal 3 Conservative Party 20 May 1913 – 20 May 1921 (1866–1941) Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso 4 Cuban Popular Party-National League 20 May 1921 – 20 May 1925 (1861–1934) Gerardo Machado 20 May 1925 – 24 August 1933 5 Liberal Party (1871–1939) In exile after 12 August 1933 Alberto Herrera y Franchi 12 August – 13 August 1933 Military (1874–1954) Provisional president Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y 13 August – 5 September 1933 Quesada A.B.C. Revolutionary Society Provisional President (1871–1939) Executive Commission of the Provisional Government of Cuba Ramón Grau Cuban Revolutionary Party (1887–1969) Guillermo Portela y Möller Liberal Party (1886–1958) José Miguel Irisarri y Gamio Conservative Party 5 – 10 September 1933 (1895–1968) Sergio Carbó y Morera Cuban Popular Party-National League (1891–1971) Porfirio Franca y Álvarez de la Campa Liberal Party (1878–1950) Presidents of the Republic of Cuba Ramón Grau 10 September 1933 – 15 January 6 Cuban Revolutionary Party (1887–1969) 1934 Carlos Hevia 15 – 18 January 1934 Cuban Revolutionary Party (1900–1964) -
Presidenciales Autor: Juventud Rebelde Publicado: 28/04/2018 | 05:51 Pm
Image not found or type unknown www.juventudrebelde.cu Image not found or type unknown Presidenciales Autor: Juventud Rebelde Publicado: 28/04/2018 | 05:51 pm Presidenciales (I) Publicado: Sábado 28 abril 2018 | 07:17:56 pm. Publicado por: Ciro Bianchi Ross ¿Sabía usted que la antigua provincia de Las Villas, en el centro de la Isla, fue el territorio que más nombres aportó a la presidencia de la República de Cuba entre 1902 y 1959?, ¿que no hubo ningún camagüeyano que llegara a desempeñar la primera magistratura y que tres de los que lo hicieron nacieron en el exterior?, ¿que de los presidentes de Cuba siete fueron abogados y dos médicos, y que hubo incluso un graduado de Filosofía y Letras y dos ingenieros?, ¿que los de extracción más humilde fueron los que más se amillonaron en el ejercicio del poder? De esos y de otros temas que atañen a los mandatarios cubanos anteriores a 1959 el escribidor hablará enseguida. Geografía En Las Villas nacieron José Miguel Gómez Gómez y su hijo Miguel Mariano Gómez Arias (ambos en Sancti Spíritus), Gerardo Machado y Morales (Camajuaní), Alberto Herrera y Franchi y Carlos Mendieta Montefur (San Antonio de las Vueltas) y Federico Laredo Bru (Remedios). Curiosamente también eran villareños Manuel Urrutia Lleó (Yaguajay) y el cienfueguero Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, ambos abogados, que no entran en este recuento porque ocuparon la presidencia a partir de 1959. Dorticós fue el último en desempeñar tal cargo, que desapareciera en 1976, cuando la Constitución que entró en vigor entonces creó el cargo de Presidente del Consejo de Estado. -
Revolutionary Manifestos and Fidel Castro's Road to Power
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2014 Revolutionary Manifestos and Fidel Castro's Road to Power Luis Plazas University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Plazas, Luis, "Revolutionary Manifestos and Fidel Castro's Road to Power" (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4785. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4785 REVOLUTIONARY MANIFESTOS AND FIDEL CASTRO’S ROAD TO POWER by LUIS PLAZAS B.A. University of Central Florida, 1997 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2014 Major Professor: Luis Martinez-Fernandez ABSTRACT The historiography of the Cuban Revolution includes numerous accounts which detail the responses to Batista’s coup. The fact that anti-Batista sentiments were very popular in Cuba, and that several revolutionary groups existed has also been highly documented. Nonetheless, the most highly recognized insurrectional organization remains Castro’s M-26-7. The goal of my thesis is to explain the steps which Castro took in order to remove all competition, allowing him to remain the only figure left in power.