DOCSLIB.ORG

Account Some of the Lines of the Princes of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

PR E L I MI N A R Y R E MA R KS . Th e feu dal nobility of France consisted of six classes duk and es, marquesses, counts, viscounts, barons, chate lains . U fir ffi k nder the st races of sovereigns the o ces of du e, h marquess, and count were held by those to w om the King delegated authority in places at a distance from the court ; dukes were charged with the government of provinces and had jurisdiction over a certain number of marquesses and a h ad h the o and counts ; m rquesses c arge of fr ntiers, counts of towns . An d C IX 1566 ha all e ict of harles of , provided t t in new h ul d creations of duchies, marquisates, and counties t ey sho on failure of male issue revert to the crown ; this provision h l of the edict, owever, soon became a dead letter, as a ready in 1571 it was customary to insert in the letters a waiver the of forfeiture . H E D U KE S A N D D U C I S . D k d k the the u es ate bac to last period of Roman empire, “ ” and i Du x derive the r name from the word , leader of m h h h mi ar ies ; t is dignity, w ic originally was purely litary, occupied in the imperial hierarchy th e most exalted rank later it was conferred upon the representatives of the a C esars and upon governors of provinces . The k i Fran s retained the title, and the r conquests were divided into duchies and counties ; but though dukes and counts exercised the most extensive military and civil h ffi ll aut ority, they were simply o cers at wi . Al r VIIIth d k eady, however, in the century, some u es, G h notably those of Aquitaine and ascony, had made t em selves independent . Charles Martel undertook a crusade against the refrac k tory du es, but he succeeded only in so far that, while they his ffi di . recognized suzerainty, the o ce remained here tary Charlemagne compelled the dukes to submit to his authority ; but after his death they soon regained their former power . Th e H C D k accession to the throne of ugues apet, u e of h u h k r ll led France, t ro g the assistance of the du es, natu a y to the recognition of their asserted rights . 6 PRINCES o r THE BLOOD OF THE HOUSE o r FRANCE . France contained at that time the following duchies u G Rain ulf fi k 845 850 Aq itaine or uienne ( , rst du e, ; since a county) T C fir k 778 oulouse ( hosson , st du e , ) u H fi k 970 B rgundy ( enry, rst du e, ) Geofi re fir k 992 Brittany ( y, st du e, ) N ll fir uk ormandy (Ro o, st d e, During some centuries no new duchies were added to the fi the list, and the rst created were in favor of members of royal house ; the first case was that of the duchy of Bour 1327 in L C C . bon, erected in favor of ouis, ount of lermont Down to the year 1519 the foll owing duchies were re created : r 1360 Bu gundy, ; N 1468 ormandy, ; 1469 G . uienne, And the following new ones were created O 1344 rleans, ; 1354 Bar, and T 1360 Anjou, Berry, Auvergne, ouraine, N em ou rs 1404 , ; 1406 Valois, ; l 1414 A encon, ; Valentin ois 1498 , , L ill 1505 onguev e , , 1 14 C 5 . Angouleme, Vendome, hatellerault, All these renew als and new creations were in favor of members and connections of the royal house, except those Val entinois of Bar and , the former being for a prince of L Ca . orraine, and the latter for esar Borgia In 1519 we have the first instance of a duchy being kin created for a subject not a sman of the King, namely, Ro annais hi in A that of , w ch was created favor of rthur Go uffi r e . i Formerly, when a duchy was created, it conta ned fou r w C counties, and in accordance ith the edicts of harles IX H III ul and enry , it was necessary that it sho d yield a reve nue of écus ; but already in the XVIth century all that F F T H PRINCES O THE BLOOD O E HOUSE OF FRANCE . 7 was required when a duchy was created was that the lord shi l o f i fic p shou d be one some mportance, and at times the tion was resorted to of uniting under one head lordships situ ated in dijferent provinces . As a duchy could not be placed diffi under the suzerainty of another duchy, this culty was avoided when it was within the territory of an existing one b y placing it under the suzerainty of the Great Tower of L ” the ouvre . T k hi hé- here were two inds of duc es, the duc pairie and é é é the duch h r ditaire . I - 1 . T h e D uch é Pairie . The hé- h duc pairie, as its name indicates, carried wit it a In the h peerage . some cases peerage might lapse althoug h f the duc y itsel did not, as the case might be , according to f h the provisions O t e erection . 11 T h H t . e D uch é é ré d i aire . Duchés héréditaires were of thr ee kinds a The é the o w as ( ) duch ordinaire, in which successi n confined to heirs male ; b The é a et h h ( ) duch m le femel, w ich in failure of eirs male descended in the female line ; 0 The é d ( ) duch femel, created for a female and descen ing as the case might be . d - h h A uchy was created by letters patent , w ic had to be submitted to the P arliament of P aris for registration h r w wit in a year from the date of thei issue, and hen regis I P tered C r C . n , to the ou des omptes case arliament refused - the registration of the letters patent, they lapsed on the death b k w of the grantee, unless revived y what were no n as “ ’7 u r nn i n Lettres de S a at o . Under the last kings there existed also another kind Of ” d k not du e a e u e, but of duchy, namely, the brev t, simply a di l . gnity, created for ife 1 - é P r 25 . For list of duch s pairie,see ai ies, page 8 PRINCES OF T HE BLOOD OF T HE HOUSE OF FRANCE . L I S T OF D U C H ES H ER ED I T A I R E S . ' A iguillon ( Guienne) . 4— Duplessis 170 1800. A l b ré t (Gascony) . H II kin 1 N 555 . enry , g of avarre A ng oul eme . - - Valois Auvergne 1620 1653 . A e n uv rg e . 140 -1 2 Bourbon 0 5 7 . A y en N ill o a es 1737 . B ar. L — orraine 1354 1735 . B r eaufo t (Champaign) . Montmorency-Luxemburg 1688 - - B eaumont (Isle Of France) . - — Montmorency Luxemburg 1765 1878. - - B eaumont a u Main e (Maine) . - 1 4 -1 8 Al encon and Bourbon Vendome 5 3 5 9. B r eaup eau (Anjou) . - - - - — Bourb on la Roche sur Yon 1562 1578. B l ournonville (Bou onnais) . 1 Bournonville 600. N B roglie ( ormandy) . 1 42 Broglie 7 . n L x C arig an ( u emburg) . S - - 4 avoy Carignan 1661 173 . C h artres . R n 152 —15 é ée 8 75 . of France, duchess of Ferrara E h Cr N r 1575 Anne of ste, duc ess of uise and emou s 16 07 . S -N —1 2 avoy emours 1607 6 3 . h C ateauroux (Berry) . C C é M i é Co é 1639 laire l mence of a ll , princess of nd 16 4 9 . - 1 4 Bourbon Condé 69 . 1 M m M 11 Name changed to ont orency, see ontmorency, page . T HE F 9 PRINCES OF T HE BLOOD OF HOUSE O FRANCE . Ch at elle rault (Poitou) . 1 — 2 Bourbon 15 5 15 7 . 152 —1531 Louisa of S avoy 7 . James Hamilton 2d earl of Arran 1548 1 —1582 D e 563 . iana, duchess of Angoul me - — 2 Bourbon Montpensier 1583 16 7 . — Anne Mary Louisa of Orleans 1627 1693 . 1 —1 4 Orleans 693 69 . - - i Ch at illon sur L oing (Orléanna s ) . - -1 Montmorency Luxemburg 1696 795 . I -of- Ch evreu se ( sle France) . 4 —1 4 Brosse 15 5 5 7 . L - 1 —1 12 orraine Cruise 555 6 . Al bert 1657—1667 m C oigny (Nor andy) . Coigny 1747 P C roy ( icardy) . C 15 8—1612 roy 9 . D amville (Normandy) . L h f 1 2 a Ro c e ou caul t 73 . u i nn D uras (Cr e e ) . Du 1 —1 rfort 689 858. E N st out e ville ( ormandy) . E - - 4 stoutevill e and Bourbon VendOme 1534 15 6 . O -L rleans ongueville . P M rinces of onaco . E t s ampes (Beauce) . Anne of Pisseleu 1536—1565 — C h 1576 1577 .
Recommended publications
  • Albret, Jean D' Entries Châlons-En-Champagne (1487)

    Albret, Jean D' Entries Châlons-En-Champagne (1487)

    Index Abbeville 113, 182 Albret, Jean d’ Entries Entries Charles de Bourbon (1520) 183 Châlons-en-Champagne (1487) 181 Charles VIII (1493) 26–27, 35, 41, Albret, Jeanne d’ 50–51, 81, 97, 112 Entries Eleanor of Austria (1531) 60, 139, Limoges (1556) 202 148n64, 160–61 Alençon, Charles, duke of (d.1525) 186, Henry VI (1430) 136 188–89 Louis XI (1463) 53, 86n43, 97n90 Almanni, Luigi 109 Repurchased by Louis XI (1463) 53 Altars 43, 44 Abigail, wife of King David 96 Ambassadors 9–10, 76, 97, 146, 156 Albon de Saint André, Jean d’ 134 Amboise 135, 154 Entries Amboise, Edict of (1563) 67 Lyon (1550) 192, 197, 198–99, 201, 209, Amboise, Georges d’, cardinal and archbishop 214 of Rouen (d.1510) 64–65, 130, 194 Abraham 96 Entries Accounts, financial 15, 16 Noyon (1508) 204 Aeneas 107 Paris (1502) 194 Agamemnon 108 Saint-Quentin (1508) 204 Agen Amelot, Jacques-Charles 218 Entries Amiens 143, 182 Catherine de Medici (1578) 171 Bishop of Charles IX (1565) 125–26, 151–52 Entries Governors 183–84 Nicholas de Pellevé (1555) 28 Oath to Louis XI 185 Captain of 120 Preparing entry for Francis I (1542) 79 Claubaut family 91 Agricol, Saint 184 Confirmation of liberties at court 44, Aire-sur-la-Lys 225 63–64 Aix-en-Provence Entries Confirmation of liberties at court 63n156 Anne of Beaujeu (1493) 105, 175 Entries Antoine de Bourbon (1541) 143, 192, Charles IX (1564) 66n167 209 Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette (1587) Charles VI and Dauphin Louis (1414) 196n79 97n90, 139, 211n164 Françoise de Foix-Candale (1547) Léonor dʼOrléans, duke of Longueville 213–14 (1571)
  • Royal Government in Guyenne During the First War of Religion

    Royal Government in Guyenne During the First War of Religion

    ROYAL GOVERNMENT IN GUYENNE DURING THE FIRST WAR OF RELIGION: 1561 - 1563 by DANIEL RICHARD BIRCH B.R.E., Northwest Baptist Theological College, i960 B.A., University of British Columbia, 1963 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA March, 1968 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his represen• tatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date March 21, 1968 - ABSTRACT - The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the principal challenges to royal authority and the means by which royal authority was maintained in France during the first War of Religion (1561-1563). The latter half of the sixteenth century was a critical period for the French monarchy. Great noble families attempted to re-establish their feudal power at the expense of the crown. Francis II and Charles IX, kings who were merely boys, succeeded strong monarchs on the throne. The kingdom was im• poverished by foreign wars and overrun by veteran soldiers, ill- absorbed into civil life.
  • Bergeron/Betourne Ancestors

    Bergeron/Betourne Ancestors

    KANKAKEE VALLEY GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY ANCESTOR BOOK I BETOURNE/BERGERON ANCESTORS Bergeron Family Charts Pages 1 - 87 Family Photographs Betourne Family Charts Pages 88 - 130 Index Pages 131 - 134 Charts provided by Antoinette Bergeron Betourne, Member 191, 426 Regents Way, Apt. 1, Bourbonnais, Illinois 60914. Cover picture is from Toni & Earl's Wedding (September 15, 1934). 1996 KANKAKEE HISTORY (Courtesy Kankakee Area Chamber of Commerce) The land around Kankakee, located in the heart of the Kankakee River Valley, was considered a beautiful and fine place to live by the Pottawatomi Indians long before the ever increasing westward migration of the white settlers replaced them. For here was a rolling landscape with a beautiful river thickly bordered with groves of Oak, Hickory, Maple, Cedar and Black Walnut. With the land in places sloping gently to the water's edge and in others rising in sheer limestone bluffs many feet above the river, and the abundant wildlife that inhabited the area, no more beautiful or varied scenery could be found in the Middle West than in the Valley of the Kankakee and its tributaries. It is little wonder that the Indians call it, "Ti - yar - ac - ke," meaning wonderful land- wonderful home; or, that they established many villages within what are now called The Greater Kankakee Area. There were three main villages; "Inne - Maung" or Chief Yellow Head's Village in the eastern end of the county, "She - mor - gard," or Soldiers Village; and the principal settlement "Shaw - waw - nas -see," or Little Rock Village, located near the mouth of Rock Creek. All of this bountiful land and its many natural resources was ceded to the Federal Government at the treaty of Camp Tippecanoe in 1832.
  • Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate of Iran

    Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate of Iran

    OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi POWER, POLITICS, AND TRADITION IN THE MONGOL EMPIRE AND THE ĪlkhānaTE OF IRAN OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran MICHAEL HOPE 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6D P, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Michael Hope 2016 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2016 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2016932271 ISBN 978–0–19–876859–3 Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only.
  • Elisabeth Parr's Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court

    Elisabeth Parr's Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court

    Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2013, vol. 8 Elisabeth Parr’s Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court Helen Graham-Matheson oan Kelly’s ground-breaking article, “Did Women Have a Renaissance?” Jcenters on four criteria for ascertaining the “relative contraction (or expansion) of the powers of Renaissance women”: women’s economic, political, cultural roles and the ideology about women across the mid- Tudor period. Focusing particularly on cultural and political roles, this essay applies Kelly’s criteria to Elisabeth Parr née Brooke, Marchioness of Northampton (1526–1565) and sister-in-law of Katherine Parr, Henry VIII’s last wife, whose controversial court career evinces women’s lived experience and their contemporary political importance across the mid- Tudor courts of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. By taking each reign in isolation, this essay follows Kelly’s call to question “accepted schemes of periodization” and reassesses whether “events that further the historical development of men, liberating them from natural, social, or ideological constraints, have quite different, even opposite, effects upon women.”1 The key point of departure of my essay from Kelly’s argument is that she states that women’s involvement in the public sphere and politics lessened in the Italian cinquecento, whereas my findings suggest that in England women such as Elisabeth Parr increasingly involved themselves in the public world of court politics. According to Kelly, 1 Joan Kelly, ”Did Women Have a Renaissance?” Feminism and Renaissance Studies, ed. L. Hutson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 21. 289 290 EMWJ 2013, vol. 8 Helen Graham-Matheson [n]oblewomen .
  • Who Is the Heir of the Duchy of Brittany? Author(S): Henry Jenner Source: the Celtic Review, Vol

    Who Is the Heir of the Duchy of Brittany? Author(S): Henry Jenner Source: the Celtic Review, Vol

    Who Is the Heir of the Duchy of Brittany? Author(s): Henry Jenner Source: The Celtic Review, Vol. 6, No. 21 (Jul., 1909), pp. 47-55 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30070199 Accessed: 21-06-2016 18:03 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Celtic Review This content downloaded from 165.193.178.102 on Tue, 21 Jun 2016 18:03:57 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE HEIR OF THE DUCHY OF BRITTANY 47 WHO IS THE HEIR OF THE DUCHY OF BRITTANY ? HENRY JENNER N'oun na da Vleiz na da Vontfort, n'oun nemet servicher d'an Itroun Vari.-SALAUN FOLGOAT.1 IT is with much diffidence and with many apologies to the Bretons that I, though I only belong by birth to the nation which is more nearly related to them than any other, presume to attempt an answer to this question. Possibly my conclusions are not new to them, though to me they undoubtedly are new. Certainly much that is contained in this paper can only be mere commonplace to them.
  • Advising France Through the Example of England: Visual Narrative in the Livre De La Prinse Et Mort Du Roy Richart (Harl

    Advising France Through the Example of England: Visual Narrative in the Livre De La Prinse Et Mort Du Roy Richart (Harl

    Advising France through the Example of England: Visual Narrative in the Livre de la prinse et mort du roy Richart (Harl. MS. 1319) Anne D. Hedeman Duke John of Berry’s inventories of 1411 and 1413 record the gift of an unusual history that described the fall from power of Richard II, king of England: Item, the Livre de la prinse et mort du roy Richart d’Angleterre (Book of the Capture and Death of King Richard II), written in rhyming French in lettre de court and illustrated in several places, the incipit of the second folio qu’il eust, covered with black silk with two round clasps of gilded silver enamelled with the arms of France, which the departed vidame de Laonnois, formerly the grand maistre of the king’s household gave to the duke. [Item, le Livre de la prinse et mort du roy Richart d’Angleterre, escript en françoys rimé, de lettre de court, et historié en pluseurs lieux; et au commancement du second fueillet a escript: qu’il eust, couvert de drap de soye noir, à deux fermouers roons d’argent dorez, esmaillez aux armes de France; que le feu vidame de Laonnois, en son vivant grant maistre d’ostel du Roy, donna à Monseigneur].1 This gift from John of Montaigu, the vidame of Laonnois, to the duke is the earliest surviving copy of an eyewitness account of Richard II’s deposition in 1399 written by Jean Creton in a mixture of verse and prose. Penned some time between November 1401 and March 1402 at the request of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, it is an important early source for historians curious about the events surrounding Richard’s deposition and demise.2 The account has recently been discussed by Ardis Butterfield as an example of the importance of French as one of two ‘mother tongues’ in England and by both Paul Strohm This was first presented at the British Library Conference, ‘Divers Manuscripts both Antient & Curious’: Treasures from the Harley Collection, that took place 29-30 June 2009.
  • Number 25 Update

    Number 25 Update

    NUMBER 25 UPDATE CLICK HERE TO FIND THE LATEST NEWS W ΔΓ David Ghezelbash Archéologie EXHIBITION ANCIENT WORKS OF ART FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA At the Galerie David Ghezelbash 12 rue Jacob TO 75006 Paris France 04/26/2013 Mobile + 33 (0)6 88 23 39 11 [email protected] FROM www.davidghezelbash.com 06/01/2013 BID AT WWW.DROUOTLIVE.COM FREE SERVICE AND WITHOUT EXTRA FEES BID AT DROUOT ANYWHERE ! LA GAZETTE DROUOT INTERNATIONAL WWW.GAZETTE-INTERNATIONAL.CN PARIS - NICE ACROSS THE ORIENT Important fragment of the torso of a General of the Delta, gouverner of de Upper Egypt named Psamtik. Greywacke. Egypt, 30th dynasty, 4th century BC. H. 63 cm Remained in Private French collection since 1906. WEDNESDAY 5 JUNE 2013 DROUOT Experts: Archeology: Daniel LEBEURRIER - Islam: Alexis RENARD 1, rue de la Grange-Batelière - 75009 Paris - Tel. +33.(0)1.47.70.81.36 - Fax : +33.(0)1.42.47.05.84 - Site : www.boisgirard.com - E-mail : [email protected] Authorised auctioneers : Isabelle Boisgirard et Pierre-Dominique Antonini - N° agrément 2001-022 THE MAGAZINE CONTENTS CONTENTS ART MARKET - MAGAZINE 68 RESULTS Recent bids have included a large number of world records, not only for Old Masters (dominated by Jacobus Vrel), but also for contemporary artists like Adami – not to mention drawing, a distinctly French speciality! MEETING 124 In two decades, Bill Pallot, the most talked- about antique dealer in the media, has built up a collection that may be highly disparate at first glance, but is truly fascinating. We explore this cabinet of curiosities.
  • Charles Lipp, University of West Georgia

    Charles Lipp, University of West Georgia

    The Meanings of Exile: François le Bègue and the Court of Lorraine in the Later-Seventeenth Century Charles Lipp, University of West Georgia In two dusty volumes of several hundred manuscript pages each survives a voice more important than initial appearances might suggest: that of François le Bègue, a cleric and minor nobleman from seventeenth-century Lorraine, then an independent duchy squeezed between France and the Holy Roman Empire.1 From 1667 until he died at the very end of the century, le Bègue served as an administrator and diplomat for three successive dukes: Chares IV (r. 1624/5-1675), Charles V (r. 1675-1690), and Leopold I (r. 1690-1729). Those thirty-some-odd years of service counted among some of the most difficult in all of Lorraine’s early modern history. In 1670, in order to secure his eastern frontiers before attacking the Dutch, French monarch Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715) ordered an invasion of his smaller neighbor. France not only occupied the duchy, but attempted to absorb it. The dukes fled to the Holy Roman Empire, and there established a court in exile. They did not return until a generation later, in 1698, as part of the provisions of the Treaty of Ryswick that ended the War of the League of Augsburg (1688-1697). By that point, le Bègue felt weakened by age, illness, and what he called the disorders of his time. He sought to prepare his younger brother to succeed 1 HA Lothringisches Hausarchiv K73 No 110 (henceforth referred to as Memoir I) and HA Lothringisches Hausarchiv K74 No 112 (henceforth referred to as Memoir II), Haus-, Hof-, und Staatsarchiv (Austrian State Archives, henceforth referred to as HHSA), Vienna.
  • Policy Department B Structural and Cohesion Policies AGRICULTURE in the AUVERGNE

    Policy Department B Structural and Cohesion Policies AGRICULTURE in the AUVERGNE

    NOTE Policy Department B Structural and Cohesion Policies AGRICULTURE IN THE AUVERGNE ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ AGRICULTURE ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ August 2008 EN Directorate-General for Internal Policies Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURE IN THE AUVERGNE NOTE Content: This note was written as a supporting document for the European Parliament’s Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development delegation on the occasion of its visit to the Auvergne in October 2008. It consists of: (1) an introductory section setting out the main geographical, economic and trade data; and (2) an in-depth analysis of the agricultural sector in terms of both production and structures. IP/B/AGRI/NT/2008_08 08/08/2008 PE 408.931 EN This note was requested by the European Parliament’s Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development. This document is published in the following languages: - Original: FR. - Translations: DE, EN. Author: Mr Albert MASSOT Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript completed in August 2008. This study is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies.do?language=EN Brussels, European Parliament, 2008. The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. Agriculture in the Auvergne CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 1. Physical geography and transport infrastructure 2. Demography 1 3.
  • Open Finalthesis Weber Pdf.Pdf

    Open Finalthesis Weber Pdf.Pdf

    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FRACTURED POLITICS: DIPLOMACY, MARRIAGE, AND THE LAST PHASE OF THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR ARIEL WEBER SPRING 2014 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Medieval Studies with honors in Medieval Studies Reviewed and approved* by the following: Benjamin T. Hudson Professor of History and Medieval Studies Thesis Supervisor/Honors Adviser Robert Edwards Professor of English and Comparative Literature Thesis Reader * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT The beginning of the Hundred Years War came about from relentless conflict between France and England, with roots that can be traced the whole way to the 11th century, following the Norman invasion of England. These periods of engagement were the result of English nobles both living in and possessing land in northwest France. In their efforts to prevent further bloodshed, the monarchs began to engage in marriage diplomacy; by sending a young princess to a rival country, the hope would be that her native people would be unwilling to wage war on a royal family that carried their own blood. While this method temporarily succeeded, the tradition would create serious issues of inheritance, and the beginning of the last phase of the Hundred Years War, and the last act of success on the part of the English, the Treaty of Troyes, is the culmination of the efforts of the French kings of the early 14th century to pacify their English neighbors, cousins, and nephews. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Plantagenet Claim to France...................................................................................
  • Appanage Russia

    Appanage Russia

    0 BACKGROUND GUIDE: APPANAGE RUSSIA 1 BACKGROUND GUIDE: APPANAGE RUSSIA Hello delegates, My name is Paul, and I’ll be your director for this year. Working with me are your moderator, Tristan; your crisis manager, Davis; and your analysts, Lawrence, Lilian, Philip, and Sofia. We’re going to be working together to make this council as entertaining and educational (yeah yeah, I know) as possible. A bit about me? I am a third year student studying archaeology, and this is also my third year doing UTMUN. Now enough about me. Let’s talk about something far more interesting: Russia. Russian history is as brutal as the land itself, especially during our time of study. Geography sets the stage with freezing winters and mud-ridden summers. This has huge effects on how Russia’s economy and society functions. Coupled with that are less-than-neighbourly neighbours: the power- hungry nations of western and central Europe, The Byzantine Empire (a consistent love- hate partner), and (big surprise) various nomadic groups, one of which would eventually pose quite a problem for the idea of Russian independence. Uh oh, it looks like it’s suddenly 1300 and all of you are Russian Princess.You are all under the rule of Toqta Khan of the Golden Horde (Halperin, 2009), one of the successor states to Genghis Khan’s massive empire. Bummer. But, there is hope: through working together and with wise reactions to the crises that will inevitably come your way, you might just be able shake off the Tatar Yoke. Of course, your problems are not so limited.