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DSD Population (Differences of Sex Development) in Barcelona BC N Area of Citizen Rights, Participation and Transparency

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DSD Population (Differences of Sex Development) in Barcelona BC N Area of Citizen Rights, Participation and Transparency An analysis of the different realities, positions and requirements of the intersex / DSD population (differences of sex development) in Barcelona BC N Area of Citizen Rights, Participation and Transparency An analysis of the different realities, positions and requirements of the intersex / DSD population (differences of sex development) in Barcelona Barcelona, November 2016 This publication forms part of the deployment of the Municipal Plan for Sexual and Gender Diversity and LGTBI Equality Measures 2016 - 2020 Author of the study: Núria Gregori Flor, PhD in Social and Cultural Anthropology Proofreading and Translation: Tau Traduccions SL Graphic design: Kike Vergés We would like to thank all of the respond- ents who were interviewed and shared their knowledge and experiences with us, offering a deeper and more intricate look at the discourses and experiences of the intersex / Differences of Sex Develop- ment community. CONTENTS CHAPTER I 66 An introduction to this preliminary study .............................................................................................................. 7 The occurrence of intersex and different ways to approach it. Imposed and enforced categories .....................................................................................14 Existing definitions and classifications ....................................................................................................................... 14 Who does this study address? ................................................................................................................................................... 17 The intersex/DSD community and their inclusion in LGTB policies: whether or not it belongs in the LGTB(I) group ....................................................................................................20 The main problems and needs of the parties involved ........................................................................25 From people with intersex variations or DSD: ......................................................................................................25 For specific syndromes:...................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Input from parents ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 Input from professional health psychologists .....................................................................................................40 In search of answers .....................................................................................................................................................................41 The end of secrecy and concealment .............................................................................................................................. 41 In healthcare:..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Awareness and integration from a psychosocial perspective .......................................................55 Training and education among professionals ......................................................................................................59 Bureaucracy and administrative procedures .......................................................................................................61 Participation in associations ....................................................................................................................................................... 62 Educating in diversity The dualism of dualities .................................................................................................65 CHAPTER II 68 Intersex in the framework of European and international human and sexual rights policies .......................................................................................................................................................69 Intersex/DSD individuals in Spain’s legal framework ...........................................................................74 Major controversies .......................................................................................................................................................................76 The dangers of polarisation and the single story ............................................................................................76 Gender policing ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 82 The right time for surgery, the decision-making process and informed consent ........................................................................................................................................................................... 83 CHAPTER III 87 Some initiatives put into action in other contexts ..................................................................................88 Making specific proposals and/or recommendations ..........................................................................98 CHAPTER IV 105 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 106 Bibliographical References .............................................................................................................................................. 109 ANNEXES 112 Index of abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................ 113 Methodological notes ............................................................................................................................................................ 114 Medical Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................................... 115 Information bulletin for interviews ......................................................................................................................... 119 Script of interviews ................................................................................................................................................................... 120 Social healthcare questionnaires ............................................................................................................................. 122 CHAPTER I AN INTRODUCTION TO THIS PRELIMINARY STUDY What position do people with inter- According to the 2014 municipal regis- sex variations/DSD (differences of sex ter of the INE (National Statistics Insti- development) occupy nowadays in the tute), the population of the municipality social fabric, in public and healthcare of Barcelona amounted to 1,602,386 policies, at school and in the media? inhabitants. If we make a estimate, in The response to this question clearly reference to Fausto-Sterling’s more relates to the frequency with which generous statistic, it would mean that cases of different sex development the number of people in Barcelona who present themselves within the gen- are intersex or have DSD would equate eral population, yet it also relates to to 27,240 people. If we use the more the stigma and taboo that accompany modest incidence rate of one case in people with DSD. The question about every two thousand, there would be frequency arises time and again, and 801.2 people in the city of Barcelona delivers controversial answers. This with intersex variations. But, beyond 7 gives the impression that, in order for it hypothetical estimates, Barcelona has to be valued within a social framework, been and continues to be a city of ref- Area of Citizen Rights, Participation and a fact must be supported by statisti- erence in Spain, due to its long history Transparency cal weight. For Gina Wilson, President and experience in caring for people An analysis of the different of Organisation Intersex International with intersex variations/DSD, both in realities, positions and requirements of the (Oll) Australia, even the most wide- the medical and associative fields. intersex / DSD population spread figure of one case in every two in Barcelona thousand, does this community no We can strive to overcome the unease favours. According to Wilson, it rein- and discomfort associated with inter- forces the idea that intersex is not a sex by mapping it out. This requires common problem among the general us to remove and rid ourselves of the population and that people defined as fundamental categories and concepts intersex are a minority, unusual and so we can look for those who defend rare, a product of human variation. and/or label themselves differently, Biologist, Anne Fausto-Sterling (2000), those who may or may not recognise is responsible for the other most widely that they are included in specific cat- aired statistic. The author estimates egories by professionals and experts in the prevalence of intersex at around medicine, psychology, sociology, etc. By 1.7%.i However, taking into account surveying and mapping out people with
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