LGBTQA by Mrfanrainbow Contents
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LGBTQA By Mrfanrainbow Contents 1 History 1 1.1 LGBT history ............................................. 1 1.1.1 Ancient history ........................................ 1 1.1.2 The Middle Ages ....................................... 5 1.1.3 The Renaissance ....................................... 6 1.1.4 Europe ............................................ 7 1.1.5 United States of America ................................... 8 1.1.6 Historical study of homosexuality ............................... 14 1.1.7 See also ............................................ 14 1.1.8 Notes ............................................. 15 1.1.9 References .......................................... 17 1.1.10 Further reading ........................................ 18 1.1.11 External links ......................................... 18 1.2 LGBT community ........................................... 18 1.2.1 Symbols ............................................ 19 1.2.2 Human and legal rights .................................... 19 1.2.3 Media ............................................. 20 1.2.4 Buying power ......................................... 20 1.2.5 Health ............................................. 22 1.2.6 LGBT multiculturalism .................................... 22 1.2.7 See also ............................................ 24 1.2.8 References .......................................... 24 1.2.9 Further reading ........................................ 25 2 Your Sexuality 26 2.1 Coming out .............................................. 26 2.1.1 History ............................................ 26 2.1.2 Sociolinguistic origin ..................................... 27 2.1.3 Closeted ........................................... 27 2.1.4 Identity issues ........................................ 27 2.1.5 Legal issues .......................................... 28 2.1.6 Effects ............................................ 29 2.1.7 In/out metaphors ....................................... 29 i ii CONTENTS 2.1.8 National Coming Out Day .................................. 29 2.1.9 Media ............................................ 30 2.1.10 Extended use in LGBT media, publishing and activism ................... 31 2.1.11 Non-LGBT applications ................................... 31 2.1.12 See also ............................................ 31 2.1.13 References .......................................... 32 2.1.14 Further reading ........................................ 34 2.2 Gay pride ............................................... 34 2.2.1 Historical background ..................................... 34 2.2.2 Opposition .......................................... 37 2.2.3 See also ............................................ 38 2.2.4 Notes ............................................. 38 2.2.5 References .......................................... 39 2.2.6 External links ......................................... 39 2.3 LGBT symbols ............................................ 40 2.3.1 Triangles used for persecution during the Nazi regime .................... 40 2.3.2 Labrys ............................................. 40 2.3.3 Lambda ............................................ 40 2.3.4 Purple hand .......................................... 41 2.3.5 Pride flag and colors ..................................... 41 2.3.6 Bisexuality .......................................... 42 2.3.7 Pansexuality .......................................... 42 2.3.8 Gender symbols ........................................ 42 2.3.9 Intersex ............................................ 44 2.3.10 Bear culture .......................................... 44 2.3.11 Butch and femme ....................................... 45 2.3.12 Asexuality ........................................... 45 2.3.13 Other symbols ......................................... 45 2.3.14 Flag gallery .......................................... 46 2.3.15 See also ............................................ 46 2.3.16 References .......................................... 46 2.3.17 External links ......................................... 48 2.4 LGBT rights by country or territory .................................. 48 2.4.1 History of LGBT-related laws ................................ 49 2.4.2 Global LGBT Rights Maps .................................. 51 2.4.3 LGBT-related laws by country or territory .......................... 51 2.4.4 See also ............................................ 51 2.4.5 Notes ............................................. 51 2.4.6 References .......................................... 51 2.4.7 External links ......................................... 64 3 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses 65 CONTENTS iii 3.1 Text .................................................. 65 3.2 Images ................................................. 68 3.3 Content license ............................................ 82 Chapter 1 History 1.1 LGBT history male Azande warriors (in the northern Congo) routinely took on boy-wives between the ages of twelve and twenty, LGBT history dates back to the first recorded in- who helped with household tasks and participated in stances of same-sex love and sexuality of ancient intercrural sex with their older husbands. The prac- civilizations, involving the history of lesbian, gay, tice had died out by the early 20th century, after Euro- bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) peoples and cultures peans had gained control of African countries, but was around the world. What survives after many centuries recounted to Evans-Pritchard by the elders with whom [5] of persecution—resulting in shame, suppression, and he spoke. secrecy—has only in more recent decades been pursued and interwoven into more mainstream historical narra- Ancient Egypt Main article: Homosexuality in ancient tives. Egypt In 1994 the annual observance of LGBT History Month Ostraca dating from the Ramesside Period have been began in the US, and it has since been picked up in other countries. This observance involves highlighting the his- tory of the people, LGBT rights and related civil rights movements. It is observed during October in the United States, to include National Coming Out Day on October 11.[1] In the United Kingdom, it is observed during Febru- ary, to coincide with a major celebration of the 2005 abolition of Section 28, which had prohibited schools from discussing LGBT issues or counseling LGBT or questioning youth.[2][3] 1.1.1 Ancient history See also: Timeline of LGBT history A Rammeside period ostraca, depicting a pederastic couple (a boy and man) having sex together Among historical figures, some were recorded as having relations with others of their own sex — exclusively or found which depict hastily drawn images of homosex- together with opposite-sex relations — while others were ual as well as heterosexual sex. The duo Khnumhotep recorded as only having relations with the opposite sex. and Niankhkhnum, manicurists in the Palace of King However, there are instances of same-sex love and sexu- Niuserre during the Fifth Dynasty of Egyptian pharaohs, ality within almost all ancient civilizations. Additionally, circa 2400 BC.[6] are speculated to have been gay based Transgender and third gender people have been recorded on a representation of them embracing nose-to-nose in in almost all cultures across human history. their shared tomb. King Neferkare and General Sasenet, a Middle Kingdom story, has an intriguing plot revolving around a king’s clandestine gay affair with one of his gen- Africa erals. It may reference the actual Pharaoh Pepi II, who was likely gay.[7][8] Anthropologists Stephen Murray and Will Roscoe re- ported that women in Lesotho engaged in socially sanctioned “long term, erotic relationships,” named Early modern Egypt The Siwa Oasis was of special motsoalle.[4] E. E. Evans-Pritchard also recorded that interest to anthropologists and sociologists because of its 1 2 CHAPTER 1. HISTORY historical acceptance of male homosexuality. The prac- spiritual and social duties fulfilled by these special people tice probably arose because from ancient times unmar- in the community.[13] ried men and adolescent boys were required to live and work together outside the town of Shali, secluded for sev- eral years from any access to available women. In 1900, Ancient Assyria the German egyptologist George Steindorff reported that, “the feast of marrying a boy was celebrated with great In the ancient Assyrian society, if a man were to have pomp, and the money paid for a boy sometimes amounted sex with another man of equal status or a cult prostitute, to fifteen pound, while the money paid for a woman was a it was thought that trouble will leave him and he will [16] little over one pound.”[9] The archaeologist Count Byron have good fortune. Some ancient religious Assyrian de Prorok reported in 1937 that “an enthusiasm could not texts contain prayers for divine blessings on homosex- [17][18] have been approached even in Sodom... Homosexuality ual relationships. Freely pictured art of anal in- was not merely rampant, it was raging...Every dancer had tercourse, practiced as part of a religious ritual, dated [19] his boyfriend...[and] chiefs had harems of boys.[10] from the 3rd millennium BC and onwards. Homo- sexuality was an integral part of temple life in parts of Walter Cline noted that, “all normal Siwan men and boys Mesopotamia, and no blame appears to have attached practice sodomy...the natives are not ashamed of this; to its practice outside of worship.[18][20] Some kings they talk