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Académie Internationale D'héraldique Mémorial Du Jubilé 1949

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Académie Internationale D'héraldique Mémorial Du Jubilé 1949 1 ACADÉMIE INTERNATIONALE D’HÉRALDIQUE MÉMORIAL DU JUBILÉ 1949 - 1999 (attention ! toutes les données fournies par ce texte s’arrêtent à l’an 1999. Pour les années ultérieures on se reportera aux « Circulaires ») Avant-propos du président CINQUANTE ANS D’HISTOIRE DE L’A.I.H. Amené à s’intéresser à ses armoiries de famille dans le cadre de ses recherches généalogiques, Gaston STALINS (1879-1952), érudit belge imprégné de culture française et établi à Paris, s’était pris de passion pour l’héraldique. Peu après la seconde guerre mondiale, il entreprit de mettre sur pied une académie internationale d’héraldique avec les meilleurs héraldistes connus pour leurs travaux, aux fins de créer des relations avec l’étranger dans le domaine pur de l’art et de la science du blason et d’arriver ainsi à une meilleure compréhension, à une collaboration interna- tionale et une simplification de la langue héraldique dans un but de vulgarisation, son intention étant surtout de n’avoir dans cette association aucun professionnel, aucun fabricant d’armoiries ni aucun “marchand de merlettes”. Les premiers statuts de cette “Académie internationale d’héraldique”, association de droit français, ont été rédigés à la date du 9 février 1949 : ils comprenaient à peine huit articles (cf. infra). L’objet social était limité à la centralisation des études et recherches héraldiques de France et de l’étranger, et à leur diffusion par tous les 3 moyens dont elle pourrait disposer. Un premier bureau ne fut toutefois constitué qu’en mai 1952. Cette première version des statuts, a été abrogée et remplacée le 8 novembre 1965 à l’initiative du troisième président Léon JÉQUIER, qui relança réellement l’Académie après le décès de son prédécesseur et la transforma en association internationale de droit suisse. Des modifications mineures ont ensuite été apportées aux statuts par les assemblées générales de 1976 et 1980 (cf. chapitre 9). Le premier règlement intérieur, rédigé par le fondateur et approuvé par une assemblée le 9 juillet 1950, comprenait pas moins de 40 articles et s’inspirait du règlement de l’Académie française (cf. infra). Son article XVIII précisait la principale fonction de l’Académie, à savoir créer un lien entre héraldistes indépendants et travailler à donner des règles certaines et communes à la langue héraldique pour la rendre plus simple, la faire connaître pour la généraliser dans les divers pays pour servir de base à des règles générales et en traduire les termes en diverses langues. Après la réorganisation générale de 1965, ce règlement a été complètement remanié et remplacé en date du 22 juin 1966 et ensuite modifié ci et là, pour la dernière fois en 1998 (cf. chapitre 9). Le siège social fut d’abord établi aux domiciles des présidents successifs Gaston STALINS, Paul ADAM-EVEN à Paris et Léon JÉQUIER à Genève : il a été transféré au Musée d’art et d’histoire de Genève en 1988. Le secrétariat général, qui est en fait le siège administratif de l’Académie, a toujours été fixé au domicile personnel du titulaire de la fonction, actuellement à Bruxelles. A l’origine, l’A.I.H. devait compter 50 académiciens. Ce nombre fut porté à 60 en 1965, puis à 70 et enfin à 75 en 1980. Un long et fastidieux travail d’inventaire d’archives entamé à partir de 1965 permit d’attribuer un numéro à chaque fauteuil d’académicien depuis les origines. Pour les premiers, on est parti de l’ancienneté d’admission par chaque assemblée depuis la création de l’Académie en février 1949 et, dans chaque promotion, on les a classés par ordre alphabétique des patronymes avant de leur attribuer leurs numéros respectifs. On a veillé aussi à systématiquement faire réoccuper les fauteuils devenus vacants avant d’attribuer un nouveau numéro à un nouvel académicien. La catégorie des membres associés, créée dès l’origine pour résoudre certains cas particuliers, a permis de faire participer aux travaux de l’Académie des spécialistes sans leur accorder pour autant un droit de vote aux assemblées générales dès leur admission. Le nombre de ces associés n’a jamais été limité : ils ont été numérotés à partir de 101 depuis 1965. Dans les premiers temps, l’A.I.H. a diffusé un simple bulletin de liaison ronéotypé parmi ses membres. A partir de 1953, il y eut des communiqués dans les “Archives héraldiques suisses”. Un an plus tard, l’Académie participa avec la Société suisse d’héraldique et d’autres associations héraldiques nationales à la rédaction et à la diffusion du bulletin international Archivum heraldicum, où elle fit paraître les informations destinées à ses membres, ainsi que les Jalons pour l’étude de l’héraldique dans différents pays. A partir du moment où Archicum Heraldicum fut repris par la seule Société suisse et incorporé aux 5 “Archives Héraldiques Suisses” en 1988, les informations furent régulièrement rédigées et diffusées par le secrétaire général sous forme de circulaires périodiques plus développées et numérotées. Dès 1950, l’A.I.H. avait accordé son patronage à la quatrième réédition de l’Armorial général de J.B. Rietstap, effectuée à Lyon par les soins de la Société de Sauvegarde historique. En 1952, elle a publié, chez la Société du grand Armorial de France à Paris, son Vocabulaire-atlas héraldique en six langues (français, anglais, allemand, espagnol, italien et néerlandais), dû à la collaboration de son directeur-président fondateur et des académiciens Le JUGE de SEGRAIS, NEUBECKER, de RIQUER, BASCAPÉ et GORINO-CAUSA. Cet ouvrage, qui fait encore autorité, est resté longtemps la seule publication importante de l’Académie. Pour célébrer le quart de siècle de son existence, l’A.I.H. patronna en 1977 une réédition revue et complétée du Manuel du blason de feu D.L. GALBREATH par le président Léon JÉQUIER, ainsi que sa version allemande, Lehrbuch der Heraldik, par le dr Ottfried. NEUBECKER. Il faut attendre 1979 pour voir paraître régulièrement les recueils des colloques internationaux d’héraldique que l’A.I.H. mit alors sur pied et dont il sera question ci-dessous. Les résultats de certains travaux d’importance rédigés par des membres de l’Académie ont été entre-temps publiés également dans les premiers Cahiers d’héraldique, édités par le Centre national de recherche scientifique (C.N.R.S.) à Paris. En juillet 1970, a été instituée au sein de l’Académie une commission spécialisée destinée à donner aux pays ne disposant pas d’autorité héraldique officielle, des avis de conformité à l’art et à la sciences héraldiques à propos de toutes armoiries et tous emblèmes, signes ou symboles dérivant de l’héraldique, en ce compris la vexillologie, et à en tenir registre. L’A.I.H. a participé, à Bruxelles en 1971, à la fondation de la Confédération internationale de généalogie et d’héraldique, aux assemblées de laquelle elle disposa ainsi de trois représentants. Lorsque, en 1978, il s’est avéré que le congrès international des sciences généalogique et héraldique ne pourrait avoir lieu comme prévu à Madrid, l’Académie a mis sur pied cette année-là un colloque international d’héraldique en Suisse, à Muttenz, près de Bâle. Vu le succès que cette manifestation a rencontré, il fut décidé en 1981 d’organiser un tel colloque en principe tous les deux ans, dans l’intervalle des congrès interna- tionaux de généalogie et d’héraldique. C’est à ce titre que l’Académie est également représentée au Bureau perma- nent des congrès par son président et son secrétaire général : ce dernier exerça d’ailleurs les fonctions de président de ce Bureau permanent de 1984 à 1998. LES EMBLÈMES DE L’A.I.H. L’idée de doter l’Académie d’un emblème sigillaire héraldique fut envisagé peu après sa création. En août 1949, un premier dessin, résultant de diverses propositions 7 des membres, fut réalisé par l’artiste graveur parisien Pierre MUNIER, c’était un sceau chargé d’un écu écartelé d’azur à une fleur de lis d’or, de sable au lion d’or, de gueules à l’aigle contournée d’argent et d’or à un briquet de sable, l’écu timbré d’un heaume couronné orné de lambrequins. La légende portait la dénomination de l’Académie en français avec, à la partie inférieure, la devise latine “Ars et scientia” (Fig. 1). Ce modèle fut réellement utilisé, notamment sur des cartes postales à l’époque. Plusieurs versions d’un contre-projet présentées fin 1949 par le Dr Ottfried NEUBECKER figurent dans les archives. Dans ses compositions, celui-ci incorporait des symboles de la Chrétienté et de la France, de l’Espagne, du Portugal et du Nouveau Monde, de Charles-Quint et de la famille du fondateur Gaston Stalins (Fig. 2). Somptueux mais trop compliqué, ce projet ne fut pas réalisé. En août 1950, une nouvelle proposition plus simple fut élaborée par l’académicien René Le JUGE de SEGRAIS à la demande du président fondateur. C’était également un sceau circulaire, mais il comprenait quatre écus distincts, respectivement ornés d’une fleur de lis (en haut), d’un lion (à droite), d’une aigle (à gauche) et d’un léopard (en bas), appointés et cantonnés du briquet repris aux armes de famille du président STALINS. Il conservait le nom de l’association en français et sa devise en latin complétaient la composition (Fig. 3). Ce modèle exécuté en octobre 1950 resta en usage pendant une quinzaine d’années, mais il avait toutefois le défaut d’être trop fouillé pour être utilisé en réduction. Aussi, en février 1965, un projet plus moderne et s’inspirant du précédent fut-il suggéré par le baron Hervé PINOTEAU, mis au point par l’artiste Claude Le GALLO et adopté par l’assemblée du 6 novembre 1965 (Fig.
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