Contemporary Oral Medicine Camile S

Contemporary Oral Medicine Camile S. Farah Ramesh Balasubramaniam Michael J. McCullough Editors Contemporary Oral Medicine A Comprehensive Approach to Clinical Practice With 1623 Figures and 299 Tables Editors Camile S. Farah Ramesh Balasubramaniam UWA Dental School and Oral Health UWA Dental School and Oral Health Centre of Western Australia Centre of Western Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia Perth, WA, Australia Michael J. McCullough Oral Anatomy, Medicine, and Surgery Section Melbourne Dental School Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Carlton, VIC, Australia ISBN 978-3-319-72301-3 ISBN 978-3-319-72303-7 (eBook) ISBN 978-3-319-72302-0 (print and electronic bundle) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72303-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018960941 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to our families Tess, Maya, Hannah, and Kayla Davinia, Dhruva, and Mandira Lindy, Meredith, Amelia, and Edward in appreciation of our mentors, students, and patients. Camile S. Farah Ramesh Balasubramaniam Michael J. McCullough Foreword The dominant pattern of education of oral health professionals and provision of health care of oral and maxillofacial diseases throughout the world is provided by a separate dental profession frequently leading to the unfortunate separation of oral care from whole patient care. In order to correct this deficiency, the specialty of oral medicine was pioneered by dentists including Lester Burket, Sol Silverman, Thomas Lehner, and David Mason, among others, who understood the growing importance of teaching medicine to dental students and developing a dental specialty devoted to the diagnosis and medical management of oral and maxillofacial disease as well as dental treatment for patients with complex medical disorders. Their vision and foresight resulted in the development of an international specialty devoted to the expanding medical needs of patients with oral and maxillofacial diseases. Recent major medical progress has resulted in the development of new drugs and procedures to more successfully treat cancer, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular and neuromuscular diseases. These dramatic advances have resulted in an aging population taking multiple drugs and who often have undergone multiple surgical procedures to maintain their health. This has resulted in increasing the complexity of diagnosis and management of oral and maxillofacial diseases. In addition, the undergraduate medical education often includes minimal training of management of oral diseases and complications, broadening the scope of the disorders managed by oral medicine specialists. There remains no doubt that all general and specialty dentists trained to care for patients in the twenty-first century will require a solid foundation in medicine and that proper care of complex medical problems of the maxillofacial region will require an increasing number of highly trained specialists in oral medicine to work closely with other medical, surgical, and dental colleagues. Drs. Farah, Balasubramaniam, and McCullough have made an important contribution to oral medicine by organizing and writing a new, modern, comprehensive textbook developed for the oral medicine specialist but which also serves as an important reference for other dental and medical practitioners. The editors should be congratulated for their efforts and their choice of coauthors who are internationally recognized academics, researchers, and clinicians in their fields who have authored comprehensive, up-to-date, clearly written chapters. vii viii Foreword The text starts with scholarly discussions of principles of diagnosis and focused discussions of clinical immunology, neurophysiology, and neurosensory disorders and then proceeds to detailed well-organized discussions of oral mucosal, head and neck, pain, and neurosensory disorders. The sections on orofacial pain are very welcome, as physicians including headache specialists and those with a special interest in pain often have limited knowledge in this area. We are pleased to note that the orofacial pain sections are comprehensive and provide a welcome biopsychological approach to management which will be valuable not just to specialists in oral medicine but to a range of other health-care professionals. It is encouraging to note the emphasis placed on a science-based approach to temporomandibular disorders as recent large studies provide evidence that they may be precursors of other chronic pain conditions requiring management by multidisciplinary teams. The three of us are delighted to have been asked to write this foreword. We are based in three corners of the globe but all from English-speaking nations with a common educational heritage. We realize the challenges of writing a text devoted to providing the best oral and maxillofacial care to varied cultures, economies, and societies with differing disease burdens. We congratulate the editors and authors of this text for their accessible and egalitarian approach and their major contribution to the progress of international oral medicine. Philadelphia, USA Martin S. Greenberg Gold Coast, Australia Newell Johnson London, UK Joanna Zakrzewska Preface Oral medicine is that specialist branch of dentistry concerned with the diagnosis, prevention, and predominantly nonsurgical management of medically related disorders and conditions affecting the oral and maxillofacial region, in particular oral mucosal disease and orofacial pain, as well as the oral health care of medically complex patients. As such, it occupies a unique interface between dentistry and medicine, bringing them together for the advancement of both oral and systemic health. Progressive patient care in oral medicine requires a thorough understanding of many disciplines of medicine and dentistry. Likewise, other cognate disciplines benefit from their understanding of the art and science of oral medicine for overall patient management. Contemporary Oral Medicine is the most comprehensive textbook in oral medicine and includes 45 chapters arranged into 3 volumes. Volume 1 covers foundation and diagnostic head and neck sciences in oral medicine; Vol. 2 covers oral and maxillofacial diseases and disorders; and Vol. 3 covers orofacial pain and dental sleep medicine. It is a fresh holistic approach to clinical practice. This unique all-inclusive international textbook brings together 149 world- renowned authors from 25 different countries, covering a wide variety of disciplines including oral medicine, oral and maxillofacial pathology, dento- maxillofacial radiology, head and neck radiology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, head and neck surgery, dermatology, anatomy, pathology, immunology, microbiology, physiology, general medicine, neurology, pain medicine, and sleep medicine. The book is fully referenced and includes 1623 figures com- posed of thousands of black and white and color images, in addition to 299 tables covering a spectrum of diagnostic algorithms, treatment regimes, and photographs of all disease processes related to oral medicine. In this book, we have focused our attention on the commonly accepted designation of oral medicine and dedicated extensive parts of the book to its content. We acknowledge that oral medicine clinicians may encounter more common conditions of the oral cavity such as dental caries and periodontal diseases, but these are only covered in brief as they sit better in the realm of pediatric dentistry, restorative dentistry, endodontics, and periodontics. Our focus was on diseases and conditions that are diagnosed and managed on a regular basis by oral medicine specialists internationally. Each chapter is authored by a group of international experts in their designated field, offering the book a consensus approach to diagnosis and treatment of oral medicine ix x Preface conditions without favoring one school of thought over another or one geo- graphical area over another. We have pitched this book at the level of

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