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1 і Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association! rainian Weekly Vol. Llll No. 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 25 cents Ukrainian Catholic minority faces U.S. delegation scores USSR religious discrimination in Poland tor violations of human rights FRAMINGHAM, Mass. - burned on March 12, 1984. by Mykhailo Bociurkiw Soviet Union. Three members who died Discrimination against the Ukrainian The chapel-burning incident brings in Soviet labor camps last year — Catholic (Uniate) minority has been to light long-standing conflicts between OTTAWA - Delegates at the 35- Oleksiy Tykhy. Yuriy Lytvyn and reported in the Polish town of Ostrow the Ukrainian Eastern-rite minority and state experts meeting on human rights Eduard Arutunyan - were singled out after a Ukrainian Catholic chapel was the Polish majority, antagonisms that turned this week to reviewing the in in the address. razed to allow easier access to a new persist despite a generally favorable human-rights records of signatories to The U.S. statement was one of the Latin rite church, reported Keston attitude toward the Uniates shown by the Helsinki Accords. few transcripts made available to News. Pope John Paul II. But while the over­ The U.S. delegation - led by members of the news media. Most of the The incident reportedly occurred in all situation of Ukrainian Catholics in Ambassador Richard Schifter — has sessions arc closed, and the public July 1983, ihree years after a new Latin Poland appears to be improving, local been the most outspoken participant to learns little about the track records of rite church was consecrated in the hostilities still exist, according to ^iate. On Wednesday. May 15, the some of the 35 countries. village, which is near Radymno in the Keston. ' United Stales delivered a major address Ambassador Schifter distributed the Percmyshl region of Poland bordering For example, Keston reports that out on Soviet bloc repression of freedom of 48-pagc transcript of his address and western Ukraine. The historically of the 480 theology students at the expression. briefed reporters hours before making Ukrainian area was given to Poland Catholic seminary in Peremyshl. 120 The U.S. statement scored the Soviet his afternoon presentation to the after World War II. are studying the Eastern rite. Local Union and other Warsaw Pact states for conference delegates. The Ukrainian Catholic chapel was Ukrainians claim that the local Latin violations of the right to freedom of The strong message was made just apparently destroyed because it rite authorities are trying to "Latinize" expression within their boundaries. one day after Soviet Foreign Minister hindered processions to the church. the Eastern rite Ukrainian Catholics, In its most bluntly worded statement Andrei Gromyko told U.S. Secretary of Ukrainian books found beneath the noting that none of the 120 students to date, the United States told the State George Shultz in Vienna that altar were burned. studying the Eastern rite is Ukrainian. Soviet Union that if it wants to reach an human-rights questions in the Soviet Keston also said that the priest's Moreover, Keston reports that local arms-reduction agreement it must take Union are no business of the United house near the chapel was also Ukrainian Catholic parishioners have steps to improve its human-rights States. demolished, and that an entire library of been unable to obtain permission from record. After delivering his address. Ukrainian books was found hidden Church authorities for a pilgrimage to Mr. Schifter`s address cited the Ambassador Schifter circulated the text behind a wall. The books were Rome in September 1985. names and cases of several members of of his address to delegates. He included reportedly taken outside the village and (Continued on page 14) Helsinki monitoring groups in the a 37-page annex which documented cases of violations of freedom of expression in the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Poland. Ukrainian lawyers detail methodological abuses of OSI The lengthy annex cited the names and cases'of 41 imprisoned members of JERSEY CITY, N.J. - The the investigations are initiated. source whose interest in the outcome is Helsinki monitoring groups in the Ukrainian American Bar Association Although "only federal law somewhat less than that of a USSR and Lithuania; seven imprisoned recently wrote a letter to Rep. Peter W. enforcement authorities can initiate disinterested party." peace activists: 11 imprisoned Soviet Rodino (D-N.J.) urging him to conduct dcnaturalization and/or deportation The second concern raised by the samizdat activists; six recent victims of oversight hearings on the manner in proceedings in the United States... a UABA addresses the generally held Soviet psychiatric abuse; 23 imprisoned which the U.S. Justice Department's number of these cases have been filed belief that the process by which Czechoslovak human-rights activists: Office of Special Investigation seeks out only after the Soviet Union... conducted evidence is obtained in the Soviet Union 35 sentenced political prisoners in and obtains Soviet evidence for use in its own investigations following which is conducted in accordance with Poland: and 54 Polish political dcnaturalization proceedings against the Soviet authorities... turned over American law. The UABA notes that in prisoners awaiting trial. alleged Nazi collaborators. Rep. purportedly factual information and the Kungys case. Judge Dickinson The U.S. delegation also circulated a Rodino is the chairman of the House documentation to the Justice Debevoise concluded that the three-page summary of repressive Committee on the Judiciary. Department." videotaped depositions taken in the changes in Soviet criminal and The letter, signed by Ihor Rakowsky, The letter continues: "Unfortunate­ Soviet Union would not be admitted as. administrative law. The U.S. releases chairman of the UABA Committee on ly, it is a fact that the Soviet Union evidence for the following reasons. also announced that: "Some of the new the Use of Soviet Evidence, and engages in purposeful disinformation provisions opened the door to a revival Michael Waris Jr., vice-president, was consisting of the twisting or embellish­ a The Soviet Union, which of Stalinist practices and reflected the written because "the manner in which ing or outright fabrication of facts and cooperated with the United States increase in KGB power and influence the OSI is obtaining evidence and the creation of forged documents. Such government by making witnesses under Andropov." conducting prosecutions is too fraught Soviet tactics have even been the subject available, has a strong interest in The Ottawa conference, a follow-up with violations of concepts of funda­ matter of congressional hearings of finding that Kungys participated in the to the 1975 Helsinki Conference on mental fairness and due process to which you must surely be aware. It is also killing of Jews in Lithuania. security and cooperation in Europe, is simply ignore." a fact that cases involving charges of a The Soviet legal system on occasion the first of its kind to deal exclusively It includes a quote from an April 2 war crimes are treated by Soviet distorts or fabricates evidence in cases with human rights. It is closed to the Washington Post interview with authorities as political cases and that such as this involving an important state media and the public at the Soviets' President Ronajd Reagan, in which the the Soviet Union has a compelling state interest. insistence. president said: "There has been a interest in seeing to it that defendants in a It is- impossible to determine Mr. Schifter told the Ottawa disinformation program that is virtually such cases are found guilty. whether testimonies were influenced conference that "agreements on arms worldwide, and we know that the "Indeed, the court in United States vs improperly by Soviet authorities reduction will take lime' but that the Soviets and the Cubans have such a Kungys specifically concluded that in because: a Soviet procurator presided Kremlin could end human-rights abuses disinformation network that is beyond such cases the Soviet Union uses special over the depositions: the translator, a "tomorrow morning or, if not then, anything that we can match."The letter procedures which, on occasion at least, Soviet employee, showed evidence of perhaps at the next session at the addresses four separate aspects of the result in false or distorted evidence in bias in his translations and the Politburo." He added. "No better OSI's use of Soviet-supplied evidence in order to achieve the result which the procurator limited cross-examination contribution could be made so quickly proceedings againt U.S. citivens state interest requires. In view of this, it into the witnesses' prior statements and to the cause of peace." . suspected of collaborating with thiT is a tenuous argument to maintain that dealings with Soviet authorities. U.S. sources said that Ambassador Germans during World War II. decisions by the OSI to initiate a The contents of the depositions Schiller's address prompted a long I he first issue raised by the UABA investigations and resulting prosecution suegest that the Soviet interrogators reply from Soviet Ambassador concerns the process by which some of occur in а чистіш without input from a (Continued on page 16) (Continued on page 16) 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 : ; No. 20 Polish farmers call for revival of Rural Solidarity Chronicle of WARSAW - Hundreds of farmers orders." he said. from across Poland applauded calls for The farmers arrived by bus from as the Catholic Church the revival of their outlawed Rural far away as the northwest province of Solidarity union at a Roman Catholic Szczecin to attend the mass. Church in Ukraine mass on the fourth anniversary of the officials said the police stopped several union's birth on May 12. reported the buses with farmers delegations outside Associated Press. Warsaw. More than 7,000 people attended the Gabriel Janowski, the former voice outdoor mass at St. Stanislaw Kostka chairman of the farmers' union, was applauded when he said, "We demand Following are excerpts from Issue been exerting influence over the Church in Warsaw. the restoration of Rural Solidarity." No. 8 of the Chronicle of the Catholic population about an alleged Chinese The private farmers prayed, sang and "We also call for a halt to repression," Church in Ukraine, an underground aggression toward the USSR: the flashed victory signs. The farmers' he said, adding an appeal for the release publication which first appeared in authorities claim that China is union claimed more than 2 million of imprisoned Solidarity activists. January 1984 hut has only recently preparing for a war with the USSR; members before it was banned in 1982. After the mass, farmers carrying reached the West. The Chronicle is implying that China has made a "Our homeland demands full banners and waving victory signs published in samvydav form by the secret accord with the United States, democracy, sovereignty and marched around the cherch before Initiative Group for the Defense of etc... independence in every aspect of life, laying wreaths at the grave of the Rev. Believers and the Church founded in Ukraine is a colony of Moscow; we including the right to have free Jerzy Popieluszko, the pro-Solidarity 1982 to promote the legalization of are deprived of everything that free independent trade unions," said the priest slain last October by three secret the Ukrainian Catholic Church, nations have. For already 60 years, Rev. Boguslaw Bijak of Warsaw, policemen. which has been outlawed since 1946. the Ukrainian national forces have whose sermon was interupted several Several dozen police vehicles were The excerpts below are translated by been conducting an uncompromised times by applause. parked in the streets near the church, the staff of The Weekly from the resistance with the fiercest occupier "This country hates dictatorship, but the crowd dispersed peacefully. original Ukrainian. - Muscovite social-imperialism. directives and especially foreign After crushing the last armed Statement resistance, under the leadership of the Supreme Liberation Council of Orthodox Church asks Kremlin In my time, 1 have raised the Ukraine, we have been persecuted question of the expediency of putting with a particular cruelty and hate; out a literary-ethnographic and now, Russians, evidently to revise law dealing with "cults" rftwspaper in Transcarpathian forgetting the recent events, disperse of the millennium while emphasizing its Ukraine. Until the unification of propaganda among Ukrainians J JERSEY CITY, N.J. — The Russian purely historical importance. eastern Transcarpathia with mother- against the People's Republic of Orthodox Church has asked the Soviet It is unclear why the Russian Ukraine, we had more than 15 China. What is it: forgetfulness or government to revise laws dealing with Orthodox Church wants revisions of various newspapers, and today we thoughtless impertinence and "religious associations and cults"in time laws dealing with "associations and don't even have one. 1 think that this reckoning, as if we'd forgotten the for the commemoration in 1988 of the cults" since the statutes generally apply state of Ukrainian Carpathian fate of those, near and dear to us, 1,000th anniversary of the adoption of to Protestant denominations and literature is not very gratifying. who fought and died in the ranks of Christianity by Prince Volodymyr of fundamentalist Orthodox sects. I'm not going to go into an the UPA (Ukrainian Insurgent ancient Kiev, according to Metro­ Many of the laws restricting religious explanation about who's to blame Army), outnumbered by the Mus­ politan Vladimir, exarch of the Moscow activities are outlined in the 1929 for this, but the publishing of a covite contender. Patriarchate for West Europe. Speaking recently before a congrega­ Russian SFSR decree "On Religious newspaper would provide an Ukraine doesn't border on China tion in Paris, Metropolitan Vladimir Associations," which was amended in opportunity for the normal and China never posed a threat to said he hoped that certain changes 1975 by the Presidium of the RSFSR development of literature in Ukraine. The Ukrainian writer, the could be made in the Soviet Union's Supreme Soviet. The decree calls for the Transcarpathia. rn 40 years of Soviet blind Vasyl Yaroshenko, was a compulsory registration of all religious rule, there has not been one specialist in Chinese literature. He strict religious laws. He did not, congregations, prohibits Bible meetings Communist with the daring to ask was murdered in a Stalinist however, specify which laws or what and the religious education of children, the leadership of the Ukrainian SSR concentration camp and his literary types of changes were envisioned. and limits the movement of clergymen, to publish newspapers in works were confiscated and burned. The hierarch's remarks echoed among other things. Transcarpathia. In view of the sea of During my stay in Kiev, we kept ties similar comments made by statements that 1 have made in my with Chinese students that were - Metropolitan Yuvenali in January, Other laws on the books of virtually all time, written to the various studying there, who were persecuted according to a report by Keston News, the republics expressly forbid institutions of the Ukrainian SSR by the regime, and this was in 1962... which also said that Metropolitan participation in "cults," and these and the USSR, this one won't do me Ukrainians will never raise arms Vladimir announced that the Russian provisions have been widely used any harm. The very fact that in against China and its people, who've Orthodox Church was planning to hold against unregistered Baptists. Jehovah's Transcarpathia there is no official never wronged Ukrainians. Having its first synod in over a decade and to Witnesses, Pentecostals, Seventh Day organ of the Ukrainian Writers' destroyed the old imperialist canonize some martyrs. Adventists and other Protestant Union speaks for itself. And the issue machine: Moscow Communists The Church, which has supported the groups, as well as members of the True is not that I, as a nationalist, will renounced the imperialist politics of 'Communist regime since the Orthodox Church and True Orthodox never be published tin such a tsarist Russia. But then why hasn't patriarchate was revived by Stalin Christians. newspaper): the issue is that we Moscow returned historic Chinese during World War II. has run into some While there has been some specula­ should have our own newspaper. territory back to the People's Re­ resistance to plans for commemorating tion that the Orthodox Church's And it is interesting for me to hear public of China? Why hasn't it the millennium, particularly from the request may have been done as a gesture the answers of the leaders of the established - through deeds - - influential atheist organs within the of ecumenicism, other experts on Soviet brotherhood and solidarity with the Ukrainian SSR as to why we, government bureacracy. The religion caution that it may be nothing imprisoned nations? Transcarpathians, have no- right to government, it is widely believed, wants more than a propaganda ploy io head to play down the religious significance (Continued on page 15) print and distribute Ukrainian news­ Today the Ukrainian National papers at a time when your average Movement, under the directorate of Muscovite (Russian)... has an ocean the Ukrainian National Front, is of Russian-language newspapers all conducting great work in over Ukraine which outnumber establishing an independent Ukrainian-language ones. 1 could Ukrainian state; this is essentially a write a much more strident statement movement among the Catholics. We Ukrainian WeeUv and then you wouldn't answer it. but remember that in China there are I want to hear a well-founded brothers in. faith. That is why no FOUNDED 1933 disinformation could hinder our argument as to why we. the pariahs, Ukrainian weekly newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., friendly relations with the People's are barred from having our own non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302. Republic of China. The Moscow newspaper in our own land... (The Ukrainian Weekly - USPS 570-870) occupant uses every means available; Yosyp Terelia Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper. Dovhe in a series of talks with me and other July 12. 1984 leaders of the Catholic movement (the Catholic Church is under­ ground), the authorities notified us The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: that in China all Catholics are in (201) 434-0237, 434-0807, 434-3036 (201) 451-2200 prisons and camps, the essential mass An open letter to friends of I kraine Yearly subscription rate: S8, UNA members - J5. in China shot to death, and that if the Chinese come here, to Ukraine, then a fate Postmaster, send address changes to: awaits us all. similar to that of the Editor Roma Hadzewycz THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Associate editor: George Bohdan Zarycky My friends! Chinese Catholics... P0. Box 346 Assistant editor: Natalia Dmytrijuk Lately, Moscow agitators have (Continued on page 15) Jersey City. N.J. 07303 No. 20 I HE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 3

Sen. D'Amato says U.S. has Ottawa experts meeting on human rights "moral imperative" to aid Afghan rebels WASHINGTON - Sen. Alfonse "Premier Gorbachev has a unique Helsinki Watch releases status report D`Amato (R-N.Y.) said that the new opportunity to depart from the policies leadership in Moscow has a "unique of the past," Sen. D`Amato said. "It is OTTAWA - The U.S. Helsinki United States: A Status Report." opportunity to cease its aggression, my hope that in the interest of better Watch Committee on May 7 released a The 43-page report points out that against the people of Afghanistan." If East-West relations, the new Soviet status report on human rights in the "the maintenance of human rights in the the Soviets don't do this, the senator leadership will stop the brutal war they United States which claims that "the United States requires careful said he is prepared to support the are waging against the people of United States remains one of the most monitoring," and that in the areas of principle of providing aid to the Afghan Afghanistan." free, if not the most free, nations on the race, the status of women and the freedom fighters. globe." operation of the criminal justice system, The senator said that the Soviets have "significant problems remain." been responsible for the death of over The report is one of a number of "There is overwhelming evidence of reports released in Ottawa in human-rights violations on the part of 500,000 Afghans, including many children who have been deliberately conjunction with the opening of the "Human Rights in the United States" the Soviets in Afghanistan," Sen. CSCE human-rights experts meeting. D`Amato said. "We have a moral murdered through "butterfly" bombs deals with specific issues of concern, imperative to assist the Afghan peoples that look like toys. "As in any society, human rights in including freedom of expression, in their monumental struggle for the United States have been advanced freedom of religion, the rights of racial "As a result of the Soviet aggression by armed struggle, by social strife and minorities, the rights of women, survival and their fight to resist total against the people of Afghanistan, 3 domination by the Soviet state." by political process," according to the criminal justice and the status of the million have been forced t.o flee their U.S. report titled "Human Rights in the rights of aliens and illegal immigrants. Sen. D`Amato's remarks were madeon homeland and the infrastructure of an Wednesday, May 8, at a hearing of the entire nation has been laid to ruin," he Foreign Operations Subcommittee of continued. the Senate Appropriations Committee. There are an estimated 115,000 International rights group The hearing was called to explore the Soviet troops now in Afghanistan. They possibility of providing assistance to the have used chemical weapons and relied Afghan freedom fighters and other anti- upon a "scorched earth policy" to presents proposals to delegates Communist insurgencies. destroy crops in an effort to starve the OTTAWA - The International The International Helsinki Sen. D`Amato is sponsor of Senate population into submission. Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, Federation regularly issues reports on Resolution 34, a resolution condemning an international human-rights violations of human rights in different the five years of Soviet brutality in Sen. D'Amato described the freedom organization with branches in 10 countries. Afghanistan and urging the president to fighters, the mujahedeen. as "a spirited countries, on May 7 presented delegates The International Helsinki provide much-needed medical, military, fighting force which has denied the to the Ottawa experts meeting on Federation for Human Rights is a non­ and food assistance to the freedom Soviet Army 90 percent of Afghanistan human rights with a list of proposals. governmental organization that seeks fighters. To date, the resolution has and has withstood everything the The federation urged the delegates to to promote compliance of signatory attracted over 40 co-sponsors. Soviets could throw at them." discuss specific human-rights problems, states with the human-rights provisions to work for the release of imprisoned of the Helsinki Final Act. It represents Helsinki monitors, to legitimize the national Helsinki human-rights Reagan urged to back freedom fighters practices of monitoring groups, to committees in Austria. Canada. institute a reporting mechanism within Denmark, the Federal Republic of WASHINGTON - Gordon J. Humphrey said. "The Brezhnev the Helsinki process, to review human- Germany. France, the Netherlands, Humphrey (R-N.H.) on May 9 urged Doctrine brazenly states that once a rights abuses in all countries where Norway, Sweden. Switzerland and the the Reagan administration to match land has fallen under the darkness of severe violations occur, to raise the issue United States. In countries where political rhetoric with material action in communism then it must remain of mistreated minorities, and to urge Helsinki monitoring groups have been support of the freedom fighter communist forever. The Reagan ratification of the international human- repressed or are not allowed to movements throughout the world. Doctrine states that recent rights covenants by all participating function, the IHF maintains contacts Speaking as a.i ad hoc member of the revolutionary forces in the world are states. with human-rights activists. Senate Appropriations Subcommittee democratic and that the spread of on Foreign Operations. Sen. Humphrey communism is not inevitable and can be said that recent U.S. administrations reversed. We must make the Reagan Ukrainian group lobbies delegates "have talked about helping freedom Doctrine come to life in thoughtful and fighters, but have backed away from honest policy." providing the kind of substantial assistance that would make the Sen. Humphrey pointed to the FREE difference. It is time we backed up our freedom fighter movements in strong statements with a,viable aid Afghanistan. Mozambique. Angola. UWWNE program." Nicaragua and Cambodia as evidence "The Brezhnev Doctrine must be of democratic movements fighting matched by the Reagan Doctrinc."Scn. against Soviet imperialism. Serious medical problems plague Soviet armed forces WASHINGTON - The Soviet the military ranks and concluded Union's military forces face medical that in one of many influenza problems that one Russian general outbreaks in 1982, up to 30 percent of has said could have the "greatest the troops of individual units could negative impact on the combat have been sick with the flu. capability of the Soviet armed Among the medical problems arc forces," reported The New York acute intestinal infections, Times. sometimes of epidemic magnitude, That assessment was included in a he said. Scene of May 9 demonstration in Ottawa. recent presentation by Dr. Murray Hepatitis, which is described in the OTTAWA - A delegation of banners and signs and distributed Feshbach, professor of demography Soviet literature as one of the "urgent four from the Philadelphia-based leaflets, while two Ukrainian members at Georgetown University, in which problems of military medicine," Ukrainian Human Rights Committee of the Canadian Parliament. Andrew he contended that the Soviet military appears to have increased threefold arrived here last week to lobby at the Witer and Alex Kindy. delivered had medical problems of a from the period 1968-75 to 1975-82 in experts meeting on human rights of the speeches. "flabbergasting" magnitude. large military units and up to tenfold Conference on Security and He drew the quotation on combat in specific units. Out of a sampling of Cooperation in Europe. Nina Strokata. former political ability from an address by Gen. V. 203 military patients with hepatitis, The delegation, headed by Ulana prisoner, also і p о k c to the Chevyrev to a medical conference, one-third suffered from residual Mazurkevich. met with a number of demonstrators about her imprisoned which was reported in May 1984 in symptoms and many had to be foreign delegations, including the colleagues. The manifestation Tryi і Snabzheniye, the Soviet rehospitalized. Austrian and Dutch, with whom they concluded with the release of blue and military journal of the Rear Services. Dr. Feshbach, in the evaluation of discussed the plight of Ukrainian yellow balloons meant to symbolize Dr. Feshbach presented his the Soviet situation, says that political prisoners. freedom for Ukrainian political research here auhe Kennan Institute military doctors apparently Members also organized an hourlong prisoners. for Advanced Russian Studies. frequently misdiagnosed illnesses noontime demonstration on May 9 in The Philadelphia activists also He noted increases in such and that the chances of Confederation Square, just outside the participated in demonstrations infectious diseases as typhoid, complications and further Conference Center where the 35- organized by other Baltic and East cholera, influenza and hepatitis in (Continued on page IS) counlrv human-rights conference was European delegations outside the taking place. Demonstrators carried Soviet Embassy here. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 No. 20 Baltic group demands NBC apology 150 attend New York City premiere ROCKV1LLE. Md. - The Joint "These comments reflect the views of Baltic American National Committee several individuals and not that of the of award-winning famine documentary (JBANC) has demanded an apology whole Baltic community. Furthejmore, Irom N BC. On May 6. the NBC Nightly by associating such comments with NEW YORK - Some 150 persons He added that though there was News aired a special report on SS activities of responsible groups in attended the New York City premiere of much coverage of the famine in the veterans living in the United States. Washington, D.C., NBC irresponsibly "Harvest of Despair." a documentary German-language press in Europe - on the 1932-33 Great Famine in this due to the fact that the German The report included unqualified distorts and does not address the real Ukraine, at the Ukrainian Institute of government had four consuls in allegations, complete misstatements of issues at hand," noted Ojars Kalnins. America on Thursday evening. May 9. Ukraine at that time - prominent fact and an assumed presumption of director of public relations of the opinionmakers like French Prime guilt, and did not address the real issues American Latvian Association. Among the audience were journalists, Minister Edouard Herriot and British at hand, said the JBANC. Specifically, the segment stated, "The scholars, VIPs, and members of the Ukrainian and other ethnic communi­ playwright and critic George Bernard "We demand a public apology from open anti-Semitism heard from SS men ties, including Poles, Lithuanians and Shaw traveled to Ukraine and reported N BC for its sensationalistic reporting of in St. Petersburg is a theme of a Jews. that all was well. this segment which defames the Baltic campaign now under way here in American people." stated Gunars Washington to stop the Justice The screening was sponsored jointly "Harvest of Despair." said Dr. Mace, Meierovics`, J BANC chairman. "We are Department from bringing cases by the Ukrainian American Pro­ is "the product of a new determination" offended by the NBC report which against accused Nazi war criminals." fessionals and Businesspersons Asso­ on the part of Ukrainians to tell the associates anti-Semitic comments made The JBANC noted that since the ciation. Freedom House and the broader public the story of the Great during the segment with the Baltic inception of the Justice Departments Ukrainian Institute of America. Famine and it "demonstrates that never American community." Office of Special Investigations (OS I), it The 55-minute film, which recently again will tormentors be able to tell has been in full agreement with the won first prize in the category of their victims that no one will legitimate efforts to expose war politics, government and world remember." criminals. However, the JBANC said it relations at the Houston International After the screening of the film, the Rev. Husar elected feels that abuses regarding due process, Film Festival, documents the policies of audience had an opportunity to address including lack of cross-examination of Stalin that caused the deaths of 7 to 10 questions to Dr. Mace. Among the St. Sophia president witnesses from the USSR and other million people - including 3 to 4 topics raised were: the sources of the countries, trial by jury, and free access million children. It does this through film footage. Stalin's role in the famine, ST CATHARINES. Ontario The to a public defender, represent severe rare archival footage and photographs, the identity of the functionaries sent to Rev. Archmandrite Lubomyr Husar, breaches of constitutional justice under and eyewitness accounts of survivors carry out Stalin's directives, and the the recently appointed vicar-general of U.S. law. and foreigners in Ukraine at the time of geographic focus of the' famine on the man-made famine. the Ukrainian Archeparchy of Lviv, The JBANC said it will continue to ethnically Ukrainian lands. Also posed was elected president of St. Sophia support the quest for moral justice in Following brief opening remarks by was a question asking why Walter Religious Association ot Ukrainian the attempt to seek out and prosecute Walter Nazarcwicz, president of the Duranty of the The New York Times, Catholics in Canada at its April 27 genuine Nazi war criminals. The institute, and Dr. Bohdan Vitvitsky. who reported that there was no famine meeting here. JBANC said its concerns are based on president of the professionals in Ukraine, had not been stripped of the Pulitzer Prize he received for his The Rev. Husar takes over the the following three considerations: association. Dr. James Mace of the reporting on the USSR. position vacated in September 1984 " that the U.S. government has Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute with the death of Patriarch Josyf Slipyj. indiscriminately accepted Soviet provided introductory remarks about Among the news media represented the founder and first president of the evidence to prosecute cases against the famine and the documentary. at the premiere were: the National association. former Baltic nationals who are now- Dr. Mace noted that the Nazis had Review. Workers Under Communism, After his election by the board of American citizens: told their Jewish victims that even if the New York City Tribune. Voice of directors the Rev. Husar gave an " that naturalized citizens in these they did survive the Holocaust, no one America and Radio Free Europe. Also extensive report on the work of St. cases do not in fact enjoy the full scope would ever believe their accounts of this present were scholars from the Sophia in Rome, which was followed by of the constitutional protection of due horrible episode of history. The Nazis W. Averell Harriman Institute at a general discussion about the process of law: could believe this, hesaid. becausethcre Columbia University and an assistant to association's plans for 1985. " that people who fled the brutal and were precedents; the 1915 massacre of Dr. Seweryn Bialer. noted Sovietologist The association decided to grant nine illegal Soviet occupation of Estonia. 1.5 million Armenians by theTurksand from Columbia University. Dr. Bialer was unable to attend because he was in study stipends to Canadian students to Latvia and Lithuania for political the killing by starvation of 10 million Ukrainians as well Cossacks of the China at the time of the screening, but attend summer courses at the Ukrainian reasons during World War 11 are now in Kuban and Volga Germans under the expressed great interest in seeing the Catholic University, and to erect a danger of being shipped back to the Stalin regime had been forgotten. documentary. building in St. Catharines. USSR. N.J. panel examines defamation of Ukrainians in the media

by Chrystyna Lapychak Communists." we looked like fascists. We arc they said violated due process. They Mr. Kupchinsky said that he himself vulnerable, as any ethnic group, to said that the organizations they IRVINGTON,N.J. - "The was once the target of KGB attack, because we seem un- represented, respectively. AADU and Defamation of Ukrainians in the disinformation when a Soviet writer American,." he asserted. AHRU. were working with Americans American Press and Media" was the accused him in a 1973 issue of "We need friends, especially among for Due Process to secure fair trials for topic of a May 10 panel discussion Literaturnaya Gazeta of having been the Jews, with whom we share a mutual accused Ukrainians like John sponsored by Branch 86 of the the editor of a pro-German newspaper enemy in Moscow." Dr. Kuropas Demjanjuk. Among ADP`s demands is Ukrainian National Women's League in Ukraine in 1942 and a murderer of added. the exclusion of Soviet-supplied of America at Ukrainian National Jews as well, this, despite the fact that Helena Kozak of Americans Against evidence from U.S. judicial Home here. Mr.-Kupchinsky was born in 1944. Defamation of Ukrainians said that proceedings. The five panelists, all community Mr. Kupchinsky also pointed out press coverage of Ukrainian-related The fifth panelist and moderator. Dr. activists, told an audience of over 200 that a recent article in the Christian topics could be divided into two types. Bohdan Vitvitsky (Wytwycky), author that a recent slew of newspaper articles Science Monitor which said thcGalicia If the news is good, she said, "then we of "The Other Holocaust." said that the and television reports branding Division conducted pogroms against are usually called Russians." The Ukrainian community also was to Ukrainians as Nazi collaborators Jews during the World War II, failed to headline for the other type of coverage, blame for the current situation because during World War II had erupted into mention that the articles' author is a she said, reads something like: "Second "we have slept through a crisis that has what one speaker called "a total war on former long-time member of the Soviet Ukrainian Faces his Past." existed at least five to 10 years." Ukrainianism.`` which could Foreign Ministry. Ms. Kozak said that the singling out "potentially destroy the entire Another panelist. Dr. Myron of a number of Ukrainians as war "This escalating crisis could Ukrainian community." Kuropas, UNA supreme vice-president criminals has escalated, into a trial en completely destroy our Ukrainian The four men and one woman agreed and vice-chairman of the board of the masse of all Ukrainians, who are community in 10 to 20 years." he that the current unfavorable press treat­ National Center for Urban/Ethnic collectively accused of willing asserted. ment was the result of a KGB defama­ Affairs, said that the campaign to collaboration with the Nazis. "If our youth, which has a choice, tion campaign against all Ukrainians in defame many U.S. immigrant groups, The one thing that is always continues to live in an environment that the free world that is aided by a severe particularly East Europeans and Baltic overlooked, Mr. Kupchinsky added, is convinced that all Ukrainians are case of apathy within the Ukrainian groups, began when the United States was that out of a population of about 36 murderers and fascists, then I am community. first recognized the Soviet Union in million, at most 10.000 Ukrainians were convinced that they would choose to One of the panelists. Roman 1933. involved as political collaborators with leave the community." Kupchinsky of the Prolog Research He said that according to FBI files he the Germans. "But they weren't All live panelists offered suggestions Corp.. said: "The KGB has a history of has researched, the U.S. and Soviet criminals." he said. on how to handle the crisis and deal spread, g disinformation and governments agreed to keep an eye on Both Ms. Kozak and another with the American press. Dr. Vitvitsky provocation in order to destroy those organizations within their countries panelist. Ihor Olshaniwsky. suggested a concentrated letter-writing that oppose them, and one of their fthe that were antagonistic toward the other, coordinator of Americans for Human campaign to the news media and Sovicts`J methods i` accusing them of and they have kept that promise to this Rights in Ukraine, agreed that the politicians in particular, along with a self- anti-Semitism." day. Office of Special Investigations (OS1) imposed moratorium on internal Spreading such disinformation, Mr. "We were suspect to begin with." Mr. should continue its work in locating and conllicts. Dr. Kuropas advised constant Kupchinsky said, is the Soviets'"way of Kuropas said. "We spoke a foreign prosecuting war criminals, but said they dialogue with other ethnic groups, punishing Ukrainians for being anti- language, marched around in uniforms; disagreed with OSI methods, which especially those in similar situations. No. 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 5

THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FORUM

District committee meetings Flis writes Reagan about Syracuse-Utica Executive Committee at the meeting and addressed the participants, taxation of fraternals respectively, on organizing matters and SYRACUSE. N.Y. - The Syracuse- plans to build a senior citizens' home at JERSEY CITY. KJ. - Supreme letter from the White House noted Utica UNA District Committee held its Sovuzivka. President John O. Flis of the Ukrainian that the Treasury Department has been meeting on Sunday. March 24, with 28 National Association has written letters appraised of the views of fraternal secretaries, convention delegates, and to President Ronald Reagan, benefit societies and that this question branch representatives present. The Jersey City concerning the taxation of fraternals. would be given serious consideration in meeting was held at the Ukrainian among them, the Ukrainian National all future deliberations. The letter National Home of Syracuse. JERSEY CITY. N.J. - Members of Association. concluded that because of the The meeting was called to order by the Jersey City UNA District Mr. Flis. in letters to President magnitude of the proposal, the Iwan Chopko. chairman of the district, Committee re-elected Walter Bilyk Reagan and Sens. Robert Dole and Treasury Department is continuing to who welcomed everyone at the district chairman at their annual Daniel Moynihan. among other solicit and review concerns of all meeting and asked for nomination of a elections meeting here on March 2. influential members of the Law interested parties before a final decision presidium to further conduct the Also elected were: Petro Svyshchuk Subcommittee on Federal Taxation, is made. meeting. The Rev. Deacon Myron and Mykola Sheremeta. vice-chairmeru stressed that taxation of fraternals "All UNA`ers. the more ol us the Tkacz accepted his nomination as Melania Milanovich, treasurer; and would substantially undermine the sell- better, should urge President Reagan to chairman, and Jaroslaw Senyshyn Osyp Zubrycky. secretary. help fraternal and benevolent programs continue the tax exemption ol the UNA acted as the secretary. of the UNA and of all other fraternals in and all fraternals under the proposed The district then heard lengthy Newly elected members ol the America. law." said Mr. Flis. reports from the outgoing officers: Mr. auditing committee include: 'Stephan Mr. Flis noted: "Taxing the fraternals Chopko, chairman; Mykola Welych, Ostrowsky, Stella Ryan and Paulina would only curtail the many services It is not too late for members of the treasurer: and Mr. Senyshyn, secretary. Balutiansky. which these sell-help organizations UNA to voice their concerns on the tax perform for their members, their status of the UNA in letters to President Next on the agenda was election of Mr. Bilyk opened the meeting and community, and for (he nation." Reagan. district officers, and the following welcomed UNA Supreme Secretary On May 4, Mr. Flis received an Fraternals throughout the United board of officers was duly elected: Mr. Walter Sochan, who represented the acknowledgement from the White States have written to the president as Chopko. chairman: Mykola Pawliw, Supreme Executive Committee at the House ol the receipt of his letters well as to senators and congressmen, vice-chairman: Wolodymyr Rewiuk, proceedings. Myron Siryj was selected imploring the president to retain the arguing for the retention of the tax- second vice-chairman; Mr. Welych. to preside over the elections and Mr. tax-exempt status Ol lialcmals. I he exemption ol fraternals. treasurer; Mr. Senyshyn. secretary; Zubrycky was chosen to take minutes. Wolodymyr Zaparaniuk. honorary chairman. Auditing committee members are the Mr. Sochan later briefed the partici­ Rev. Deacon Tkacz. and Messrs. pants of the meeting about the recent Supreme Assembly annual session Popelnytskyj and Hawryshkiw. activities of the fraternal organization. UNA Supreme President John O. begins at Soyuzivka May 20 Flis was next called upon to address the Montreal meeting. Mr. Flis first dwelled upon organizing matters and then proceeded MONTREAL - Supreme Advisor to inform the district of various aspects Tekla Moroz was re-elected of UNA accomplishments in 1984. chairperson of the Montreal UNA including an increase in assets of over District Committee at the committee's S2 billion. annual elections meeting held here on Monday, March 25. Also elected were: Osyp Vynnytsky. Baltimore vice-chairman: Mykola Pereyma. secretary: Bohdanna Javornytsky. BALTIMORE - The Baltimore treasurer: Alexandra Dolnycky. events District Committee of the Ukrainian director and Ukrainian Canadian National Association held its annual Committee delegate: Adolph elections meeting on Sunday. February Hladylovych. press liaison: and Vera 24. here at the Self-Reliance hall. Banit, Ivan Geba and Mychaylo Bohdan Jasinsky was re-elected as Karpinskv. members. district chairman. The newly elected auditing committee includes: Mykola Also elected were: Michael Choma Andruchiw. chairman; Michael Diduch and Adam Cizdyn, vice-c,hairmen; and Mr. Hladylovych. members. Ostap Zyniuk, secretary; and Semen The meeting was called to order by Mychaylyshyn. treasurer. Mrs. Moroz, who was also elected to The auditing committee chairman is conduct the meeting. Paul Fenchak. and its members arc Among those attending the meeting Ostap Stelmach and Ostap Sadowyj. was UNA Supreme Organizer Stefan UNA executive: (seated from left) Supreme Vice Presidentess Gloria Paschen, Mr. Jasinsky presided over the Hawrysz. who represented the Supreme Supreme President John Flis, Supreme Treasurer l`lana Diachuk; standing (from Executive Committee at the left) Supreme Vice President Myron Kuropas, Supreme Director for Canada Sen. meeting and the minutes were taken by Paul Yuzyk, Supreme Auditor John Hewryk, Supreme Secretary Walter Sochan Mr. Zyniuk. proceedings. He also briefly addressed the meeting participants, touching on a and Supreme Organizer Stefan Hawnsz. UNA Supreme Organizer Stefan variety of UNA matters, while stressing Hawrysz. and Supreme Advisor Eugene the fraternal society's organizing JERSEY CITY. N.J. The academic year. The committee's Iwanciw both represented the Supreme affair-s. Ukrainian National Association's meeting is expected to last all day Supreme Assembly will hold its annual Sunday. Maj 19. session on May 20-through 25 at the A day earlier, on Saturday. May 18. Notice regarding mail delivery UNA`s resort. Soyuzivka, in UNA district committee chairmen will Kerhonkson. N.Y, hold their annual - conference at Soyuzivka, of The Weekly flic session ... ndii includes reports On Wednesday. May 22. the entire It has cometo our attention that The Ukrainian Weekly is often by all Supreme Assembly members, discussion of reports, committee Supreme Assembly will travel to delivered late, or irregularly, or that our subscribers sometimes deliberations, and the adoption of Washington wnere members will attend receive several issues at once. resolutions and recommendations. the UNA-spdnsorcd congressional We feel it is necessary to notify our subscribers that The reception marking 100 years of Weekly is mailed out Friday mornings (before the Sunday date The Supreme Assembly is composed Ukrainian immigration |to the United of issue) via second-class mail. of supreme executive officers, supreme States. Earlier in the day. individual If you are not receiving regular delivery of The Weekly, we advisors and supreme auditors. Supreme Assembly members will meet urge you to file a complaint at your local post office. This may be with their respective senators and done by obtaining the U.S. Postal Service Consumer Service On the eve of the Supreme Assembly congressmen to once again invite them to the reception`an`d discuss issues of Card and filling out the appropriate sections. meeting, the UNA'S Scholarship Committee will meet to review concern to the Ukrainian community at - The editors scholarship applications for the 1985-86 large. 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. MAY 19, 1985 No. 20

Ukrainian Week!Y Faces and Places

Which rights policy? by Myron B. Kuropas

Sometimes, journalists like to use what we call the "to-be-sure clause."a handy qualifying phrase often implying conditionally, as in: "Ted Kennedy will not run for president. To be sure, if he is drafted or decides otherwise..." But. while thus covering all the angles may be a The Ukrainian community at risk wise and prudent strategy in journalism, it is no way to run foreign If there was any doubt regarding the Claiming to have studied Ukrainian policy. origins of the current defamation publications for over a year, the WJC Case in point: On May 15. U.S. Ambassador Richard Schifter told campaign against Ukrainians in North has accused our press of being "openly the 35-country experts meeting on human rights taking place in America, the article titled "Reagan and anti-Semitic." A careful reading of the Ottawa'that the conclusion of an arms-control agreement with the the War Crimes Lobby" in the Village few citations offered by the WJC as Soviet Union is "inextricably linked" to Moscow's performance on Voice of May 14 should settle it. One proof, especially within the context in human rights. The same day, a State Department official in need look no further than the photo of which they were originally written, Washington told The New York Times that the stances adopted by the George Bush and Yaroslav Stetsko. The hardly supports such an outrageous United States in Ottawa did not necessarily follow set policy. Put photo credit reads: New Times. allegation. another way, a top U.S. official tells an international conference that Moscow. The KGB campaign is persuasive because it is based on half-truths. the United States wants to link human rights to improved bilateral Anti-Communist Ukrainians in the free world have always been if not an Enlisting the collaboration of the relations with the Soviets but. to be sure, this is not necessarily U.S. immediate threat to the Kremlin, then Simon Wiesenthal Center for policy. certainly a persistent pain in its side. It Holocaust Studies in Los Angeles If all thissoundsconfusing.it is. Back in October, Secretary of State should now be obvious to Ukrainians of (which provided much of the^data"for George P. Shuliz^rnuch to the chagrin of human-rights champions all political persuasions that the KGB Charles Higham's '^American in the United States made it clear that "linkage" was no longer U.S. has decided to dull that pain. The Swastika" and is in the forefront of the policy, and that the administration would not tie progress on arms instrument? Active measures. defamation campaign in Canada), the control to Soviet good behavior either at home or abroad. According to John Barron ("KGB KGB is actively promoting the idea that So do Ambassador Schifter`s remarks signal a shift in U.S. policy? Today: The Hidden Hand"), what the Ukrainian anti-Soviet military units in Do they mark a setback for the secretary of state and a victory for KGB has labeled "active measures"has the German armed forces had no other purpose than to kill Jews. There is hard-liners in the administration? Not if we believe the "to-be-sure but one purpose": "perverting percep­ tions of reality." A diversity of tactics absolutely no evidence to support such clause" issued by the unidentified State Department official. are used, writes Mr. Barron, including an allegation. What is clear is that the administration cannot go on talking out of overt and coven propaganda, defama­ Finally, the campaign is effective both sides of its mouth on this issue. Our policy must becogent,clearand tion, disinformation, forgeries, and the because the KGB is aware that most consistent. Moreover, we must be true to our words if we want toavoid use of "agents of influence," that is, Americans are ignorant of the KGB the same moral censure we dish out to the Soviets for their hypocrisy. opinion-makers who are sympathetic to apparatus, let alone active measures. We wholeheartedly support Ambassador Schifter`s Soviet interpretations of reality. Ukrainians and others who point to the uncompromising stance in Ottawa and his eloquent delineation of the Analyzed dispassionately, the current KGB as the source of the defamation "linkage" concept. We have always felt that any meaningful dialogue KGB-orchestrated active measures campaign are perceived as right-wing with the Soviets must be prefaced by a changes in Moscow's foreign campaign against Ukrainians in North kooks. Such perceptions, of course, and human-rights policies, policies that now include war in America is well-timed, cunning, make it difficult for Ukrainians to be Afghanistan and repression at home. "Linkage" is a sound diplomatic compelling and effective. very persuasive with the general public. It is well-timed because it was Given the above, what can the concept with sound moral and political underpinnings. launched on the 40th anniversary of the Ukrainian community do to protect its So why cloud the issue with a statement that suggests Ambassador U.S.-Soviet defeat of Nazi Germany,an interests in America and Canada? Schifter`s comments were nothing more than the essentially endeavor which a Washington Post The first thing we must do is to be meaningless opinions of an individual diplomat? Why suggest, even Magainzc article ("Deporting Our certain we all understand who the remotely, that his fine and poignant description of America's outrage Nazis," April 28), describes as "the only enemy is. It is the Soviet Union. It is not at the continued persecution ofSakharov, Shcharansky, Meshko,and effort to which we and the Soviets have the Jewish community. the deaths of Ukrainian rights activists Yuriy Lytvyn and Oleksiy ever been jointly and genuinely Secondly, it is time for responsible Tykhy, was nothing more than hollow rhetorical grandstanding? Why committed." Deporting former Nazi leaders of the entire Ukrainian put this administration in the untenable position of talking from collaborators to the Soviet Union, the community to come together and to principle while acting from a vulgar pragmatism? article concludes, "would revive our plan an effective counter-offensive. Our We suggest that the administration make known its stand on the memories of our common past" and community has nothing of which to be "might even enhance our chances for a ashamed so let's stop being on the "linkage" issue once and for all. It is unseemly and indefensible to try common future." defensive. Let's declare a moratorium and have it both ways. ` The KGB campaign is opportune on our internal squabbles and begin to because it comes at a time when the tell our tragic World War 11 story to the Ukrainian American community has American public in a credible, moving scored its greatest legislative triumph and persuasive way. -ever in the creation of the Ukrainian Thirdly, we need to continue to apply Famine Commission by the U.S. maximum pressure on Congress to Attention, students! Congress. What better way to discredit immediately commence oversight our efforts in this regard than to hearings of the Office of Special Throughout the year, Ukrainian student clubs plan and hold encourage the notion that most Investigations. Let's not be intimidated activities. The Ukrainian Weekly urges students to let us and the Ukrainian Americans are closet Nazis by the bullying tactics of the World Ukrainian community know about upcoming events. out to defame the great Soviet people. Jewish Congress and disinformed The Weekly will be happy to help you publicize them. We will also be The KGB campaign is cunning, muckrakers like Jack Anderson. If the glad to print timely news stories about events that have already taken because it leaves the impression that the OSI had nothing to hide, it wouldn't be place. Black and white photos (or color with good contrast) will also be Soviet Union is pro-Jewish. Never mind fighting so hard to prevent an honest accepted. MAKE YOURSELF HEARD. that Stalin was once Hitler's staunchest and open review of its work. No federal ally. Never mind that Jews were and are agency should be above scrutiny. treated as badly as Ukrainians by the Finally, we need to maintain contact Soviets. All that is unimportant. What with sympathetic organizations such as is important is that the Soviet Union, the American Jewish Committee so that NOTICE TO PUBLISHERS which has never prosecuted even one when our interests differ from their person for crimes against Jews, is now interests in this matter, each party will the champion of Jewish interests. know why they are different. We can AND AUTHORS The KGB campaign is compelling agree to disagree without severing a because il has exploited Jewish anguish relationship that took years to develop. It is The Ukrainian Weekly's policy to run news items and/or reviews regarding the Holocaust and has Our community is at risk. Regardless of newly published books, booklets and reprints, as well as records reignited the Ukrainophobia of and premiere issues of periodicals,, only after receipt by the editorial of our individual political or religious offices of a copy of the material in question. organizations such as the World Jewish orientation, current KGB attacks hurt Congress, which attacked the UCCA. all of us. How we respond to this very News items sent without a copy of the new release will not be Americans Against Defamation of published. real threat may well determine our Ukrainians and the Ukrainian future as a viable community. It's time Send new releases and information (where publication may be pur­ American Bar Association simply chased, cost, etc)to: The Editor, The Ukrainian Weekly, 30 Montqo- to unite our forces and resources, and in merySt, Jersey City, N.J. 07302. because they had the temerity to the words of our American revolu­ question the use of KGB-generated tionary forefathers declare: "don't tread evidence in prosecuting U.S. citizens. on me." No. 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19,1985 7 Defamation of Ukrainians: what can we do as a community? by Ihor Olshaniwsky applying for immigration and entry to in your behalf. By testifying in your religious rights of Ukrainians. The In accordance with the Yalta the United States. behalf these witnesses jeopardize their Soviets want you to stop spreading Agreement of 1945, millions of Soviet President Dwight D. Eisenhower, own security and, as a consequence, information about the І932тЗЗ Soviet citizens were forcibly repatriated to the being aware of this situation, in his might have to face similar charges. government-induced genocidal famine USSR from the American and British message to Congress on February 8, These witnesses would have to in which 7 to. 10 million Ukrainians war zones. At this conference Franklin 1956, made the following reference to disregard possible repercussions perished. They want you to stop this D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and this dilemma: "A large group of awaiting their relatives in the Soviet nonsense with the Ukrainian Famine Joseph Stalin agreed to the repatriation refugees in this country obtained visas Union. Commission, Congressional actions in of Soviet citizens who were beyond the by the use of false identities in order to If you do not possess the financial defense of political prisoners, and stop borders of the Soviet Union as a result escape forced repatriation behind the resources necessary to fight this matter your'legislators from delivering lists of of World War II. Because of the Iron Curtain; the number may run into in the courts by producing credible prisoners of conscience (during the trip geopolitical situation at the end of the thousands. Under existing law such witnesses and searching for evidence in April of this year by a delegation of War, most of the Soviet citizens in falsification is a mandatory ground for throughout the free world, if you are not U.S. congressmen to Moscow a list of question were in West Germany. Some deportation. The law should be capable of withstanding adverse 200 political prisoners was presented to were prisoners of war, some were amended to give relief to those publicity, public and media abuse, and the Soviet officials) asking for their forcibly brought to Germany to work in unfortunate people." His statement if you do not persist with court appeals, release from the Soviet gulag. factories or on farms, and some were indicated an inequity that needed then your chances of success are nil. If The question arises: what can we do deserters from the German Army who correcting. Due to the prevailing you do manage somehow to survive this as American citizens and taxpayers? were either forcibly drafted or joined as favorable political climate at that time, ordeal and are exonerated after years of The answer is that the Ukrainian a means of self-preservation. Others however, none of the refugee groups litigation, you will become physically, American community must fight back. were refugees who fled from the Soviet thought it prudent to pursue the charge emotionally and financially ruined. Indicators show that the Soviet Union is Union's "workers' paradise," in order to of the immigration laws in order to Even if your application for an entry behind all this recent furor in war crimes avoid continuing persecution. protect innocent victims of Soviet and visa to the United States was entirely in accusations and smearing the entire The inequity of this agreement was Nazi oppression from future harass­ order, once you became an alleged Nazi Ukrainian community as Nazis or Nazi that expatriates were not asked how ment by a new generation of American war criminal accused of a crime that collaborators. The Soviet Union has they felt about being returned to the justice and immigration officials uncon­ happened thousands of miles away even produced a film about Ukrainian Soviet Union. Having survived the cerned with the historical reality and its from the place of your residence, you war criminals which is being shown terrible oppression of the Stalin years, implications. In 1956 no one foresaw must produce witnesses to testify about throughout the USSR. Daily attacks in the starvation of the Moscow-imposed the situation in 1985. With the establish­ your whereabouts during that time. the Soviet press assailing Ukrainians as famine in Ukraine in 1932-33 and the ment of the Office of Special Investiga­ However, if you came from a village or a "bourgeois nationalists" are prevalent. horrors of World War II, the forced tions (OSI) within the U.S. Justice town from Eastern Ukraine from which With an intensified disinformation ' return to the Soviet Union meant for Department, President Eisenhower's no one emigrated to the free world, it campaign the Soviets are attempting to most of them prisons or concentration fears became a reality. would be an impossible task to find such compromise the Ukrainians and others camps resulting in physical and moral Individuals suspected of Nazi war witnesses. How would you go about that live abroad because these people degradation. Many ot them committed crimes became victims of the inade­ proving that the/copy of a Soviet- provide information to the free world suicide in transit, and those who quate U.S. immigration laws; these laws supplied I.D. card was a fabrication and about the treacherous Soviet reached the USSR were treated cruelly were not amended as suggested by that the Soviet or other so-call witnesses totalitarian regime. You must be alert to and with vengeance. The returning President Eisenhower. The OSI. in could not recognize you after some 40- the tactics of provocation and baiting Soviet prisoners of war were not treated seeking out Nazi war criminals in the odd years? by the Soviets. Avoid fighting with as heroes who were victimized by war United States, relies heavily on Soviet If you have to carry on a long legal groups who hold differing opinions on but as traitors of the Soviet Union. government-supplied information. It battle to exonerate yourself, the courts this subject, but try to understand their Most of them were tried for treason appears that by the OSI`s cooperation will not provide you with legal concerns. Don't waste your energy in against their "fatherland" and were sent with the oppressive totalitarian Soviet assistance because yours is not a internecine battles. Your enemy and the to prisons, labor camps or given death regime the U.S. government assists the criminal trial with its built-in provisions enemy of all Americans and the free sentences. Few survived this ordeal. Soviet Union in the prosecution of its to protect the innocent. You are not world is the Soviet Union. This is the This forced repatriation by the Allied former citizens. Once someone has been being tried by a jury which must be main point to keep in mind. It is inthe troops, named "Operation Keelhaul," labeled a "war criminal," usually on the unanimous in establishing your guilt interest of the Soviets to cause was regarded as classified information strength of unreliable Soviet evidence beyond the shadow of a doubt. Your disruption in the American socic`ty and by the American government until (the Soviets are known to have boasted: fate depends on the decision of one to create fear and uncertainty in their recently, thus covering-up this shameful give us the name of a man and we will person - the judge. Public opinion is expatriates. action. The U.S. government, to date provide evidence against him), his entry stacked against you, because you have Over the years, members of the has not admitted any wrongdoing and visa to the United States is reviewed. If been accused of being a Nazi war Ukrainian American community have has not made even a symbolic apology it differs substantially from, the criminal. You will be portrayed by the been slow in demanding improvement to the victims of this inhumane and information provided by Soviet news media as a loathesome accomplice in their immigration-citizenship status, undemocratic action. sources, he becomes subjected to of the murderous Nazis — the scum of apathetic to involvement in the denaturalization procedures. The the earth. It is up to you to give proof to mainstream of American politics and In 1979 the Office of Special denaturalization process is in the the contrary. It might take years of timid in expressing their wishes or de­ Investigations (OSI) in the Criminal jurisdiction of the civil courts and. appeals and will surely cost you sires to legislators. They have been Division of the United States Justice therefore, the entire cost of the defense hundreds of thousands of dollars if you looking for surrogates to perform their Department was established in order to must be borne by the accused. are, indeed, able to raise that kind of civic duty, hoping unrealistically for seek out Nazi war criminals in the money. total concurrence in Ukrainian United States. Because the OSI does not If you are a naturalized citizen who Anyone who has ever lived in the community matters. They avoided have the authority to prosecute Nazi emigrated to the United States after Soviet Union could be subjected to this public exposure due to fear of Soviet war criminals, it can only institute a World War II from Eastern Europe, abuse. No one is safe. In a totalitarian reprisals, were distracted by petty court procedure to revoke the citizen­ you could be accused by the Soviet society any evidence can be produced at disagreements, and became paralyzed ship of the accused who arc naturalized Union, and subsequently by the OSI, of a moment's notice. If in this country we into inactivity by feelings of insecurity. American citizens. Alter the accused is being a Nazi war criminal on the basis of were to try Zionists for their alleged The time has come to break out of our denaturalized for giving any incorrect Soviet-supplied evidence. Contrary to cooperation with the German Nazis as shells. Not everyone is capable of information on the entry visa normal procedures of American stated by the Soviets, the Soviet Union speaking eloquently, writing expertly or application, he becomes subject to jurisprudence you are presumed guilty would readily provide all the evidence becoming personally involved due to a deportation. until you can prove otherwise. Facing the prospect of depleting your entire life necessary to denaturalize them. Is this variety of reasons. However, practically Many refugees of eastern Ukraine, savings for your defense you arc pitted not absurb? everyone is capable of contributing which was incorporated into the USSR against the omnipotent U.S. One must realize that the Soviet financially, thus enabling activists and in 1922, were faced with the prospect of government with its unlimited financial Union is not really interested in hired experts to carry out their work. repatriation to the Soviet Union from resources and a battery of legal prosecuting alleged war criminals. As a Americans Against Defamation of post-war Germany. To many of them counsels. You are faced with having to case in point, our contacts in Israel have Ukrainians (AADU) has been active for this repatriation was tantamount to gather 40-year-old data in order to a long list of individuals who were several years. It has made worthwhile death or long imprisonment. In order to counter the Soviet-altered or falsified involved in war crimes during the Nazi inroads with other ethnic groups. The save themselves, they reported to the evidence. You must somehow prove to occupation of Soviet territory. They Ukrainian community should support it authorities in refugee camps in the court that the testimony offered by were subsequently rewarded with high in order to help it carry out the work for Germany that they were born in places the Soviet-produced witnesses on positions in the Soviet government which it was established. The beyond the borders of the Soviet Union videotapes were the result of coercion of where they function to this day. The community support for Americans for such as Western Ukraine which was those witnesses. The United States Soviet government is interested in Human Rights in Ukraine (AHRU). part of Poland before 1939. Polish courts usually do not take under showing us that it can, with the help of which also operates on community citizens were not repatriated by force. consideration the fact that witnesses in a overzealous OSI officials, intimidate its funds and depends exclusively on Expedient for survival, the same totalitarian country such as the Soviet former subjects now living in this volunteers to accomplish its actions, information was used by refugees while Union would not dare to testify country. Its aim is to show that all must be increased. By sheer will power, Ihor Olshaniwsky is president of contrary to the instructions of the emigres are vulnerable and can be perseverance and total dedication. Americans lor Human Rights in government. You must then find victimized by the accusations of the AHRI" volunteers accomplished a Ukraine. This ankle was the basis of witnesses for your defense in the free Soviet Union; anybody could be the "legisl miracle" by generating Mr. Olshaniwsky's Ukrainian-lan­ world (many times an impossible task) next target, therefore, you had better suppi .^-i the establishment of the guage remarks at a panel on defamation who knew of your whereabouts some40 keep quiet about raising issues of Ukrainian Famine Commission in the of Ukrainians. years ago and who are willing to testify violations of national, human and (Continued on page 10) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 No. 20

Ottawa experts meeting on human rights

WCFU Human Rights Commission on Soviet violations of Helsinki Accords

Following is ihefull text of a brief submitted by the by the authorities of the USSR of proper medical stomach ulcer. He twice underwent an operation for Human Rights Commission of the World Congress of treatment. Torture of prisoners, with the resultant the stomach ulcer, the last time at the beginning of Free Ukrainians to the participating states of the deaths of millions, was the cornerstone of the Stalinist 1984. He weighed only 90 pounds shortly before his experts meeting, on human rights being held in Ottawa camps. After 1953, Soviet law forbade the use of death. May 7 through June 17. violence against inmates. Now violence has crept back, Tykhy, born in 1927, was first arrested in 1957 for as part of the officially sanctioned policy. "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda." The main After 1975, a steady increase of violence against charge against him was that he had made critical PART I prisoners of conscience is discernible. Beatings were statements about Soviet schooling. After serving 12 first inflicted on POCs held for pretrial years (seven years' camp, five years' disenfranchise- Background "investigation": In 1978, a young Adventist, Yakov ment), Tykhy was one of the initiators in founding Dolgoter, and in 1980, a Jewish mathematician, Mark the Ukrainian Helsinki Group in 1976. In 1977 he The following submission on the violations of Morozov, were crippled after beatings. 1983 saw a was arrested together with Mykola Rudcnkoand later human rights in. the USSR emphasizes the concern of surge in beatings of POCs in camps and prisons: sentenced to 10 years of special-regimen camp and five the WCFU Human Rights Commission that since Moscow Helsinki monitors Yuri Orlov and Anatoly years' exile. Tykhy was the author of a number of 1980 violations of a most serious nature have Marchenko; Pentecostal activist Eduard Bulakh; articles which were published in the West: "I Can No remained part of the official practice in the USSR. Muslim Nizametdin Akhmetov; and Russian Longer Keep Silent,""Rural Problems,""Reflections In the Final Act of the Conference on Security and psychiatrist Anatoly Koryagin. on the Ukrainian Language and Culture in the Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki, 1975) the signatory Imprisoned Ukrainian peace activist Aleksandr Donetsk Region," and others. states "declare their determination to respect and put Shatravka tried to commit suicide in camp Zhanatas " Yuriy Lytvyn died on September 15, 1984, in the into practice 10 principles guiding relations among in Kazakhstan in May 1984. The knifewound proved special-regimen camp VS-389/36-1 in Perm. The participating states." Of these 10, the ones which most not to be fatal. After Shatravka left the hospital, he cause of his death is not known. There have been directly affect human rights are Principle VII: was beaten unconscious by wardens. He was told also reports that Lytvyn commited suicide, however, it is "Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, that they would give him a further sentence. As reason possible that these reports are untrustworthy. Poet including the freedom of thought, conscience, for his attempted suicide, Shatravka cited repeated and journalist Lytvyn, born 1934, was a political religious belief," and Principle X: "Fulfillment in good beatings, work that was beyond his strength (f4 to 16 prisoner for many years. In 1951-53 he was imprisoned faith of obligations under international law." hours per day, sometimes without sleep for several on a criminal charge, but was released after his case During the past four years, the Soviet government days in a row), and being refused medical assistance was reviewed. In 1955 he was arrested under the old demonstrated total disdain for world opinion on (Shatravka suffered pneumonia). In Shatravka`s file Criminal Code Article 58 and sentenced to 10 years' human-rights issues, ignoring its international there is a mark to indicate "liable to escape." Because labor camp; 1974-77 he was imprisoned under Article commitments not only under the Helsinki Accords but of this he has to register every two hours, from 6 a.m. 187-1, Ukrainian Criminal Code, "circulating also the U.N. agreements. The Soviet government to 10 p.m. with the officer on duty. deliberately false fabrications defaming the Soviet consistently intensified its brutal anti-dissent campaign The gifted Ukrainian-Polish poet Iryna political and social system." Upon his release Lytvyn since the invasion of Afghanistan in late 1979. This Ratushynska, a woman, spent 39 days in solitary became a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. renewed government policy to stamp out all forms of confinement, was twice hospitalized for tuberculosis Again arrested in August 1979, after being badly dissent was accompanied by greater violence and more and was beaten and force-fed while on a hunger strike beaten, he was charged under falsified criminal brutal treatment of political prisoners, often refusing in 1984. charges to three years of hard labor. In 1981, while still to give medical treatment, which culminated in the Vasyl Stus, a Ukrainian Helsinki monitor serving a in camp, he was again charged under Article 62, death of seven well-known prisoners of conscience long imprisonment, is reported to be critically ill.from Ukrainian Criminal Code. The court ruled that he (POCs) in 1984 alone. Four of these were Ukrainian nephritis, in Perm special-regimen camp VS-389/ 36-1. was an "especially dangerous recidivist"and sentenced dissidents. This is the very camp in which three noted Ukrainian him to 15 more years'imprisonment, 10 years'special- The Kremlin's anti-dissent campaign promulgated human-rights activists died: Yuriy Lytvyn, Valeriy regimen labor and five years'exile. Lytvyn was known four repressive laws in order to broaden the so-called "Marchenko and Oleksiy Tykhy. Stus is also suffering to be in extremely poor health. He had undergone two crime of dissent and to further restrict and isolate the from chronic ulcers and stenocardia, yet he was placed serious operations for a perforated ulcer and intestinal population of the USSR from foreign contacts. There in solitary confinement on reduced food rations for an disorder in 1979. In August 1980 his mother has also been a renewed official drive to eradicate entire year, from January 20, 1983, to January 20, petitioned for his release. She wrote that in addition to sami/.dat and, thus, to stifle any expression of 1984. For the last four years he has been denied visiting ulcers of the stomach and intestines, he suffered from independent political, religious, national, cultural or privileges, allegedly because he refuses to speak complete vitamin depletion, was loosing all his teeth economic views. The obstacles imposed on emigration Russian to his wife. His letters are regularly and going blind. and reunification of families have become confiscated. e Oleksiy Nikitin, mining engineer, leader of the insurmountable. Thetragic fate of the following Ukrainian dissidents independent labor union movement, died as a result of is highlighted here to exemplify the extent to which the abusive psychiatric treatment in spring of 1984 at age Arrests and (rials government of the USSR promotes official use of 47. He served a term as political prisoner, 1972-76; brutality in order to stamp out all dissent. It is hoped incarcerated in a special psychiatric hospital in 1977, Since 1980, numerous dissidents in various that reports such as this one will elicit strong Western he was, for years, treated with massive doses of categories have been arrested and imprisoned for non­ demand which will bring this brutality to a halt. neuroleptic and other unknown drugs, causing various violent exercise of their rights. These persons were " Valeriy Marchenko, writer, linguist, journalist, degrees of loss of eyesight, severe pain and sentenced under criminal legislation which explicitly died at age 37, on October 7, 1984, in the HAAS disorientation. In 1981 it was reported that Nikitin's restricts non-violent exercise of human rights. hospital for prisoners in Leningrad. On September 13 health had deteriorated sharply and that he was losing In 1984 alone, at least 130 arrests of human-rights Marchenko was flown from camp VS-389/ 36-1, in a his sight. He was released a few weeks before his death, activists occurred. These included some 71 religious critical condition. His kidneys had ceased to function to the care of his sister in order to have his death activists, 21 would-be emigrants, 12 Jewish activists, and there had been heart failure. The doctors at the recorded outside the psychiatric institution. 12 Georgian activists, II distributors or authors of hospital had repeatedly asked for an urgent transfer samizdat. Between January 1983 and December 1984, permission to an ordinary hospital where, unlike at the Introduction of new restrictive laws more than 64 Ukrainianreligious-and human-rights HAAS hospital, there was an artificial kidney activists were arrested and sentenced, receiving prison, machine. The KGB would not sanction the transfer, On October 1, 1983, Soviet authorities added hard labor and compulsory psychiatric treatment and Marchenko died. supplements to the existing Criminal Code of the terms, for durations of three to 15 years. Many have Marchenko was first arrested in 1973 and served an Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and other constituent been rearrested while still in prisons, only days before eight-year term for "anti-Soviet agitation and republics. According to the "News of the Supreme their scheduled release dates, some on fabricated drug propaganda." He was again arrested in October 1983 Council of the Ukrainian SSR"(I983, No. 40, pp. 805- and other charges. for having several articles published abroad. This time 807), this decree was effective, retroactively, as of The intensified anti-human-rights campaign went he was sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment. He was October I, 1982. hand-i.n-hand with a new crackdown in Soviet camps seriously ill for much of both terms, frequently The new measures are added to the existing and prisons. This repression has several aims: to appealing for medical care. During his second arrest in Criminal Code, already tailored to function as an further isolate camps from the outside world; to 1983, his condition was critical when he was effective instrument of institutionalized repression. demoralize inmates through greater brutality; to transported to camp following the trial I he journey Article 183-3 outlines stiff labor-camp sentences for discourage others from "contagion" by human-rights took 55 days. As is usual, during the journey the any prisoner who shows "malicious disobedience to activists; and to augment the authorities' repressive prisoners were taken to the toilet only one every 24 lawful demands made by the administration of a arsenal. hours, which is fatal for anyone suffering from kidney corrective labor institution," or who is deemed an As part of this isolation strategy, the Soviets have disease. In camp Marchenko was forced to work even "especially dangerous recidivist," while Article 196-1 restricted correspondence severely. Prisoners are during periods of exceptionally high blood pressure places further restriction upon those who, after release deprived of their semiannual family visits - often for (240/160). from penal institutions, are subjected to years in advance. As a result, the fate of many ' Oleksiy Tykhy, founding mei iber of the administrative surveillance. prisoners is unknown. Ukrainian Helsinki Group, teacher by profession, died The new law calls for an additional three- to five- on May 6, 1984, at the age of 57, in the Permspecial- year term for prisoners who have been sent to Deaths of prisoners of conscience rc?imer` camp VS-389'36-!. fro5" ulcers ind other isol on cells or prison, for opposing or disobeying ailments acerbated by harsu conditions in tue camp. camp administrators. These measures are applicable We have documentation on the death of eight well- The off i. use of his death was given icancer,tout to all prisoners, but dissidents believe that they will be known POCs who died in the last 12 months from this has been called into question. It is known that Tykhy applied primarily to.human-rights activists who refuse brutal mistreatment during incarceration and refusal was suffering from cirrhosis ot the liver, hepatitis and a (Continued or. page 13) No. 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19,1985 - 9

Ottawa experts meeting on human rights U.S. ambassador: respect for human rights is critical

Text of introductory statement who authored the words made famous government that government, in turn, I have just described is that respect for delivered on May 10 by U.S. by Ernest Hemingway: will - so to speak - reward the foreign human rights leads to a relaxation of Ambassador Richard Schifter to the "Nc man is an iland, intire of it selfe; countries by dealing kindly with its own international tension, not the other way experts meeting on human rights of the every man is a peece of the Continent, a citizens? And does it further stand to around. Conference on Security and part of the maine; if a clod bee washed reason that if international relations are Mr. Chairman. Given the Cooperation in Europe. aVay by the Sea, Europe is the lesse, as tense, the foreign countries will be commitment of all the signatories of the well as if a Promontorie were, as well as punished by the government in question Helsinki Final Act to principles of This meeting, as we all know so well, if a Mannor of thy friends or if thine through the adoption of repressive human rights and given the final act's has been ' convened, under the owne.were; any mans death diminishes measures against its own citizens? recognition of the link between respect provisions of the Madrid concluding me, because 1 am involved in Would this hot mean that a government for human rights and friendly relations document, for the purpose of letting the Mankinde; and therefore never send tp holds its own people hostage, treating among States, how should the signatories to the Helsinki Accord, know for whom the bell tolls; It tolls for them well or poorly depending on the signatories deal with reports of examine "questions concerning respect, thee." way other countries treat it in violations of these principles? If we were in their states, for human rights and In my country, Mr. Chairman, as 1 international affairs? to ignore these violations, Mr. fundamental freedoms, in all their am sure is the case in other countries as Nor need we deal with this problem as Chairman, we not only reduce the aspects as embodied in the final act."The well, these words of John Donne have an abstract, philosophic proposition. credibility of the entire Helsinki key words of this .call for our meeting, increasingly been reflected in the We have empiric evidence in recent process, but would thereby also make "human rights and fundamental general attitude of people toward world history that sheds light on this issue. more difficult, in the words of Principle freedoms,"' had been the subject of events. In the United States this general After the long dark night - of VII, "the development of friendly detailed discussion at the Helsinki attitude has through the electorial pro­ Stalinism, the dawn of greater respect relations and cooperation among... conference which produced the Final cess been transmitted to the president for human rights in the Soviet Union states." For a government which has Act. They were defined in Principle VII. and the Congress. The president and the arrived in the spring in 1956, following been reported to have violated human As there stated, human rights and Congress, in turn, have seen to it that Chairman Khrushchev's address to the rights might ignore the complaints of fundamental'freedoms encompass: ` the attitude to which I have referred is 20th Congress of the Communist Party affected individuals. But it will give reflected in the formulation of our of the Soviet U nion. That dawn came in more serious attention if the complaints (a) freedom of thought, conscience, are clearly stated by one or more other religion or belief, for all without foreign policy. Our people care about a period often referred to as the Cold the manner in which the governments of War. International crisis succeeded governments. Such clear statements distinction as to race, sex, language or can, at the same time, serve as good religion; other countries deal with their own international ensis, to reach a terrifying citizens and they insist that the crescendo in October 1962. Yet, during indicators to the recipient government (b) civil, political, economic, social of the specific steps that it could take if it and cultural rights; government of the United States'make this very period of international tension known the views of the American public domestic controls in the Soviet Union wanted to make a contribution to the (c) the right to practice one's religion relaxation of international tension. or belief in accordance with one's own on this vital issue and interact with were eased, causing the era to become conscience; other countries in keeping with these known as that of the thaw. What is clear There once existed the notion, to be (d) equality before the law of views. Thus, the link established in is that the thaw came first, followed sure, that what a potentate did to his national minorities; and subjects is his business and not anyone (e) the right to know one's rights and else's. An American protest against act upon them. ... we believe we would be remiss in our duties if human-rights violations delivered Furthermore, Principle VII during the administration of President incorporates by reference such we came to a meeting called to discuss human- Theodore Roosevelt to the government international human-rights instruments of Czar Nicholas II was rejected on that as the Universal Declaration of Human rights performance within the framework of the ground. But the world has moved on Rights. Helsinki Final Act without making reference to the since then. Immediately following In summarizing Principle VII, I World War II the international skipped over two paragraphs for the human-rights violations of which we are fully community reflected on the horrors for purpose of now focusing special which the Nazi regime had been attention on them. They read as follows: aware and for which we have not discovered any responsible, horrors which were 'irst visited upon the country's own citizens, "The participating states recognize other means of redress. on persons persecuted for political the universal significance of human dissent or ethnic origin or both, horrors rights and fundamental freedoms, which later enveloped most of the respect for which is an essential factor European continent. It was in light of for the peace, justice and well-being Principle VII between respect forr ultimately, in the wake of the Cuban 5 Missile Crisis, by significant relaxation these reflections that the Universal De­ necessary to ensure the development of human rights and friendly relations claration of Human Rights was drafted friendly relations and cooperation among states is hot an invention of theЇ of international tension, and adopted and that 27 years later among themselves as among all states. drafters of the Helsinki Final Act, butt We witnessed the same sequence, that Principle VII was incorporated into the "They will constantly respect these the codification of a relationship whichі of domestic change being followed by Helsinki Final Act. Both documents rights and freedoms in their mutual the authors recognized as existing. international change, not the other way elevated the issue of a government's relations and will endeavor jointly and The point 1 am making, Mr. around, in the 1972. At the very time respect for the human rights of its own separately, including in cooperation Chairman, let it be clearly understood, that East-West relations improved citizens from the domestic to the with the United Nations, to promote is that in our view respect for humanі further, bringing on the period of international plane. universal and effective respect for rights in individual states contributes to) detente, the Soviet Union began its them." the improvement of international1 campaign to suppress political The international community These paragraphs, Mr. Chairman, relations. By the same token, disrespect dissidents. To use the phrase which so understands, of course, that there exists constitute recognition by all signatories for human rights contributes to thes frequently appeared in Soviet no international judicial tribunal with to the final act of the close link between deterioration of international relations. theoretical journals in those days, "the jurisdiction over all 35 participating respect for human rights and the The distinguished representative off correlation of forces was tilting in favor nations which can adjudge complaints development of friendly relations the Soviet Union, in his opening speechі of the Socialist camp." And as it kept against violators of the declaration and among nations, the interrelationship two days ago, also spoke of this linkagee tilting throughout the 70s, as detente the final act, issue cease-and-desist between a government's respect for the between human rights, on the one hand, continued, the tilt in the domestic orders against them and enforce such rights of its own citizens and its regard and relations between states, on thep sphere was against the exercise of orders. All that can be done is call for the inhabitants of this globe who live other. However, he reversed the cause- human rights. The thaw having long attention to violations and hope the `by beyond its borders. There was a time, and-effect relationship which I havejustt since ended, freedom of expression was to apply moral suasion. not long ago, when the great majority of described. In his view, if I understoodі returned to the deep freeze. At the very It is said, however, just as it was said the citizens of our respective countries him correctly, detente leads to greater time that United States and Soviet in days of old, that even such discussion did not pay a great deal of attention to respect for human rights andі negotiators met to complete the SALT of reports of human-rights violations what it was that was happening beyond international tension leads to a clamp- II negotiations, in 1979, reports of a constitutes intervention in the internal the limits of their villages or towns and down on human rights. Through itss wave of new arrests of Helsinki affairs of another state. Attention has most assuredly did not pay attention to distinguished representative the Soviett monitors cast an ominous shadow over been called to provisions of the United occurrences in other countries. It was Union told us that if we cooperate withі the new agreement. There were many Nations Charter against ch the world's experience with the Nazi it in international affairs, it is prepared1 reasons as to why the United States intervention and in the case ol he system that brought "about a to cooperate with us in the area off Senate failed to ratify SALT II. but the Helsinki Final Act to the provisi of fundamental change in outiook. As human rights. least that can be said of the repressive Principle VI thereof. Some о ur Pastor Martin Neimoeller observed, if We have, Mr. Chairman, some; measures taken by the Soviet Union in colleagues in this hall have here re you ignore the misdeeds done.to your problems with the logic of thiss the late '70s is that they did not help discussed this point and have resp sd neighbor there will be no one aroupd і maintain the spirit of detente and most to it most effectively. Let me, the- e, to assist you once misdeeds are done to proposition. When, we use the term add merely a legal gloss to the s "human rights." we describe the: assuredly did not win Senate votes for you. Increasingly, in recent decades- і SALT II. already so appropriately made. о men and women across the face of this relationship between a government and its own citizens Does it stand to reasonі The point 1 am m`` I am sure. so. let me draw attention і іе earth have come to understand the provisions of Principle X of tl ll validity of the thoughts of John Donne. that if foreign ntries establish friend- clear We must all irn from history. Is relation`. ith a particularr V ii trie one lesson tatiuhl h\ ihe events Continued on page 12) 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19,1985 No. 20 L.A. exhibit features church architecture of Lemkivshchyna by Taras Kozbur LOS ANGELES - "Church Architecture of Lemkivshchyna Ukraine" was the title of a very interesting exhibit of photographs by Odarka Figlus at the Ukrainian Culture Center of Los Angeles presented under the auspices of the Ukrainian Art Center Gallery. Miss Figlus. a Voung Ukrainian historian from Denver, while recently visiting the Ukrainian countryside of. Lemkivshchyna. was inspired and attracted by the vanishing wooden architecture of that region. These gems of o`ur religious heritage stand neglected and empty. The priests were arrested and population dispersed by the occupational forces of Poland. Miss Figlus was. enchanted by the churches' originality and unusual simplistic beauty. "1 never experienced anything like u" she remarked, "empty, neglected, but there is so much spirit and dignity in them." This love affair of Miss Figlus with the old culture of the Lemkos produced 63 artistically composed, highly professional photographs. She has been successful in her attempt to record approximately 40 wooden churches, bellfries. crosses, their character and color as well as their native setting. Her sensitivity and feeling of architec­ tural photography is remarkable. Her works are particularly valuable, Two of Odarka Figlus`s photographs of Lemko church architecture. since they document structures of a very Prydniprianshchyna. all boast their one can sense the inspiration provided heritage or adopt it as their own. neglected region. own regional characteristics in the arts by a tail symmetrical spruce or mountain Survivors of Ukrainian wooden The wooden structures of as well as in architecture. peaks of the Carpathian region, or the architecture date from the 16th and 17th Lemkivshchyna represent but one Wooden architecture particularly is lofty and broad expanses of fertile fields centuries; information about similar branch of a very rich heritage of rooted in the environment; functiona­ and the open steppes of eastern predecessors from the golden era to The Ukrainian wooden architecture: lity, spirituality, as well as availability of Ukraine. Kievan Rus' state can be found in neighboring Boy k і vshchy па . local material, climatic conditions and The beginning of wooden church skimpy sources of chronicles and hand Hutsulshchyna. Bukovina, and the elements of the countryside itself played engravings of contemporaries. most distant Volhynia. Podillia and architecture in Ukraine is little known very important parts in the creations of to us. Frequent historical misfortunes, the old masters of that art. Thus, the wars, fires and foreign occupations even Miss Figlus deserves applause, Taras Kozbur is an architect I planner regional differences. to this date eradicate traces of encouragement and support in her from Buena Park. Calif. Studying architectural compositions Ukrainian cultural and spiritual future work in this field.

Defamation... who work in the interests of the the facts straight. We must demand that guidelines of American jurisprudence, Ukrainian American community. factual Ukrainian history be taught in they should welcome a public Congressional evaluation of their (Continued from page 7) The time has come when Ukrainians the public schools and . that and other affected parties must stop misinformation and disinformation be activities. Everybody in the federal U.S. Congress. Ukrainian Americans complaining to each other about being removed from educational manuals. government, including the president of must come to a realization that in order defamed or persecuted. We must The Harvard Ukrainian Research the United States is open to public to get positive results in promoting convert our complaints and statements Institute (HUR1) must back us up scrutiny; why not the OSI? This is Ukrainian issues and in defending the into positive, productive actions. We scholastically and provide us with the especially important at present since its good name of Ukrainians they must must endeavor to educate legislators, required material. Dr. James Mace has activists have such a profound effect on provide substantial financial support to the news media and the American done a wonderful job. but others at the lives of individuals and their families bring about the necessary efforts and public about the facts of Ukrainian HURI should be encouraged to do and on the reputation of the entire actions on a professional basis in their history. In order to do this we must more. ethnic community. Without accountability to the American people behalf. They must get involved in the write worthwhile letters, articles, books, We must approach with cool heads etc. The Ukrainian Famine the current problems facing us and the the actions of the OSI are creating democratic political process; however, discord in the American multinational they should support elected officials, Commission will work to our benefit by spreading of Ukrainophobia by the correcting distorted history and setting community, thus weakening the fabric regardless of their political affiliations. Ryans and Loftuscs of the OSI. We of the American society. must be prepared to wage the good fight with facts, irrefutable evidence and with Under the guise of hunting Nazi war SVOBODA PRINT SHOP qualified people tospeakin our defense. criminals it would be an injustice to bring injury or pain to any innocent Professional typesetting and printing services. We cannot jump into the fray recklessly, because we cannot afford to be individual in the name of the millions of We print: embarrassed. We must convince our victims of the Nazi Holocaust. It would BOOKS m BROCHURES m LEAFLETS legislators and the American public that be a further travesty if now, after the For information and rates contact: we have a just cause on our hands and terrible experience of the Nazis' SVOBODA that our demands are backed by facts. application of the principle of collective 30 Montgomery Street m Jersey City. N.J. 07302 We must not be baited by the Soviets responsibility (as a child 1 .witnessed a Telephone: (201) 434-0237: (201) 434-OS07: into anti-Semitism, witch hunts and public execution of 10 innocent 17-18 divisive ploys. We cannot expect year-old Ukrainian boys for the killing overnight miracles. Our lack of of one German soldier by unknown involvement and the inequities of many assailants), resulting in the destruction years will take time to be corrected. We of millions of innocent Jews. Gypsies. 1985 tennis season at Soyuzivka Ukrainians and others, if the same are presently paying for our short­ method is used to undermine the comings, but this does not have to go on Ukrainian community in this country VSCAK East (Juniors A and В) July 6-7 forever. We can reverse the trend by both morally and spiritually. 'This Doubles August 10-11 working hard and in a professional would only benefit the Soviet Union manner, and be willing to pay the price. VSCAK Nationals August 30 - September 2 which from its inception to the present Our efforts at this moment should be day has been engaging in genocides UNA Invitational September 14-15 concentrated on securing Congres­ resulting in the destruction of three Plast September 28-29 sional hearings for the purpose of times the number of men. women and KLK October 12-13 reviewing the practices and methods ol children that perished under the the OSI. If the OSI investigators have monstrous Third Reich. been acting in accordance with the No. 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 11

Elected president Chester, the boroughs of Marcus Hook, Swarthmore and Trainer, and Lower of art chairpersons Notes on people Chichester Township, Pa. "Bill Pastuszek has given back much BROCKPORT. NY. Wolodymyr to the community from w hich he draws Pylyshenko, chairman of the State UNA'er gets his strength and-inspiration," Mr. University of New York College at Weldon said as he presented the award. Brpckport department of art, was business award He listed the construction, renovation recently elected president of the State and development of residential, in­ University of New York Council of Art dustrial and commercial enterprises in M EDI A. Pa. - William J. Pastuszek, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Mary­ Department Chairpersons. He will a real estate broker who has been active preside for a two-year term over the land, among Mr. Pastuszek`s achiev- for many years in civic and community ments. professional association representing 10 affairs, received the Delaware County colleges, four university centers and Council's Distinguished Bussiness A- Mr. Weldon also cited Mr. Pastu­ Empire State College, all part of New chievement Award on April 16. szek`s community service, including York State's system of higher Founder of a real estate business in service on the Chester School Board, education. Chester,Pa., in 1947, he expanded the the Hopewell Renewal Project in One of the council's first tasks under ; original one-man office to include eight Chester Township and Swarthmore Mr. Pylyshenko s leadership will be the full-time and four part-time employees. Rotary Club. finalization of a university-wide master In presenting the award. County Mr. Pastuszek is a UNA supreme of fine arts degree. This unique program Council President W. Curtis Weldon advisor and district chairman, and a will enable master's candidates to study pointed out that Mr. Pastuszek has member of the Metropolitan Council of on all SUNY campuses, gaining access been commended for his real estate and the Ukra inian Orthodox Church in to the faculty and resources of the art rehabilitation efforts by the City of America. departments statewide. Mr. Pylyshenko, a painter, has been at the Brockport college more than 20 years as associate professor and chairman of the art department. He is a member of the Chornomortsi Plast unit and is president of UNA Branch 66. Mary Irene Dereshiwsky graduated summa cum laude Irom Southern Connecticut Stale College. She was recognized at the ceremonies lor being the highest-ranking recipient of the bachelor ol science degree in her graduating class. Her major was education, with a concentration in mathematics. In December 1973. she was also awarded a diploma in secretarial administration from the Stone School of Business. At the graduation ceremonies she received a special award lor academic excellence. Miss Dereshiwsky's primary interest is the application of quantitative techniques to various research settings. She has served as consultant and or co­ author for a number of papers and projects. In addition, she has advised doctoral students and faculty members on the use of computer packages to obtain desired test statistics. Her main Delaware County Council President W. Curtis Weldon presents the Distinguished accounting interests are behavioral Business Achievement to William J. Pastuszek. applications and policy formulation. The title of Dr. Dereshiwsky's dis­ College for Mr. Postupack, who sertation is "The Alignment of Special- Postupack profiled graduated in the top 10 percent of his Interest Subjects in the Accounting high school class, was, of course, out of Wolodymyr Pylyshenko Standard-Setting Process: An in Florida paper the question. Investigation." He was turned down by the army at Dr. Dercshiwsky is a member of the the outbreak of World War II because Completes exams I krami in Vitional Association in New ST. PETERSBURG. Fla. - "My he was farming, but served in the Korean Haven. problem is I always want to know the war. In 1955, tired of farming, he moved for business Ph.D. whys of things, Mike Postupack told with his wife to Florida and in 1965 he Floridian reporter Jeff Klinkenberg landed the job in the plastics plant. Five during a recent interview. years ago they moved to Lake NEW HAVEN.Conn. Mary Irene Invited to take part Mr. Postupack, 59, makes a living as Panasoffkee, Fla., an area two miles D e r e s h і \v s k у completed oral a maintenance man at a plastics south of St. Petersburg, so he could examination requirements lor the in Slavic seminar company, but his life's love is being a semi-retire. `` Ph.D. degree in business administration know-it-all. finding things out. tossing Soon after, he and his wife were both at the University of Massachusetts at SOUTH BEND. Ind. John S. out facts about almost anything, setting stricken with cancer and because the Amherst on April 5. Her major Held is Gonas, former chief justice of the people with the wrong answers straight, Postupack`s weren't old enough for accounting, with minors in research Indiana Appellate Court, has been said the reporter. Medicare or rich enough to fully retire, methods and statistics ;is well as invited to participate in the Professional "Well, research is my bag," Mr. Mr. Postupack was forced to return to marketing. Consultants Seminar of the Slavic Postupack explained modestly. "I have his old job in St. Petersburg. Now he In August I9KT Miss Dercshiwsk) American Legal Association to be held all this information running around my manages to visit his family in Lake was chosen to represent her school at in Moscow in September. head. My problem is I'm too busy Panasoffkee only on weekends. the American Accounting Association's The week-long conference, held in making a living to decide what to do So when his day is done, he begins his Doctoral Consortium. Latcrthis month cooperation with the Slavic Legal with all of it. I guess 1 do it for my own serious work, heading for the library or she will be inducted into Beta Gamma Society, will focus on the criminal and satisfaction." he continued. a local bookstore, or reading papers. Sigma. a national honor society civil legal systems in the Soviet Union. Mr. Postupack was born in 1925 on a But. noted the reporter, he has spent recognizing excellence in the field of A former county and state judge and Pennsylvania farm to Ukrainian recent evenings curled up on his little business administration. member of the state Senate and House immigrants. During the Depression one bed with books about communism. He She was the first recipient of the of Representatives, he has attended the of his few pleasures was school, where has been reading the works of Karl master ol sciences in accounting degree United Nations Conference on Crime one ol his teachers instilled in him a Marx. Fricdrich Engcls. Vladimir from the University of New Haven in and Delinquency in Geneva. thirst lor knowledge. Lenin and Joseph Stalin. "Communism May of 1977. During this time she Switzerland and the International At home he satisfied that knowledge is a scourge." he said. "But how can y.ou taught introductory accounting. She Congress of Juvenile Judges in Brussels. the best he could by reading the Bible understand communism unless you completed her studies with a perfect 4.0 Belgium. and the dictionary. "But there wasn't know-how they think?" grade point average. Judge Gonas is a long-time member that much time to do that." he explained Mr. Postupack, the father of two. is a In May ol 1974. Miss Dercshiwsky of the UNA. because of chores around the farm. member of UNA Branch 8. 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 No. 20

we should not be discussing each other's accused of having committed crimes, Helsinki Accords. U.S. ambassador... human-rights problems at this meeting. including limitations on police sen: vKes Human rights. Mr. Chairman, are a (Continued from page 9) The point he made was that the Madrid and seizures, or the exclusion of matter of deep interest to the United act. That principle provides that: concluding document mandated each of immoperlv seized evidence, are not Slates government, to which we apply us merely to report on human-rights likely to be given universal application in thought and deliberation. Our goal is "In their sovereign rights, including conditions in his own country and not the near future. But there are a good the right to determine their laws and not to score debating points or elsewhere. In quoting from the Madrid many practical applications of human- regulations, (the participating states) propaganda victories, but to obtain document he said that it provides lor a rights principles on which one should will conform with their legal obligations results, to improve the lot of persons review of respect for human rights "v indeed be able to get full agreement tinder international law; they will who are the victims of human-rights sviakh stranakh." which. 1 am told, among all the participating states of the furthermore pay due regard to and violations. indeed means in Russian in "their own Helsinki Final Act if the act is to mean implement the provisions in the final act It follows that once we become aware countries." If that were a correct anything at all. They include such pro­ of the Conference on Security and of a human-rights violation or of a quotation from the concluding positions as: no person should be Cooperation in Europe." pattern of human-rights violations, we document, our colleague might very incarcerated for the mere expression of And. most importantly. Principle X seek, as Secretary Armacost has noted, well have a good argument. But it is not dissenting views or for reporting events stales that: to engage where possible in quiet a correct quotation. The official concerning.human-rights violations; no "All the principles set forth above are diplomacy, to resolve the problem Russian text of the concluding person should be punished for crimes he of primary significance and. without fanfare. We are glad to say that document calls for a review of respect did not commit, on evidence accordingly, thev will be equally and in a good many situations thatapproach for human rights "v lkh gosudar- manufactured by the police or by unreservedly applied, each of them has been successful. In fact, where there- stvakh." which. 1 am further told, prosecutors: no person should be being interpreted taking into account is a realistic hope that a quiet approach means in Russian "in their states." thus subjected to governmentally authorized the others." will succeed, we prefer to take that encompassing all of them, not limiting discrimination on grounds of ancestry: route. A reading of all of the relevant each of us to speak only about his own no person should be deprived of the However. Mr. Chairman, there are provisions of the final act and an country. I am confident that after free exercise of his religion: no person circumstances where, after some time, it examination ol Principles VI and VII in checking his version against the official who is not likely to do physical harm to becomes clear that a deal ear has been the light of the guidelines provided by Russian text of the concluding another person or to himself should be turned to all the appeals that have been Principle X. Mr. Chairman, leads document, our colleague will take due involuntarily committed to an made to end human-rights violations in necessarily to the conclusions that in note of the discrepancy and recognize institution for the mentally ill: no order to give meaning to Principle VII. the difference in meaning. person shall be compelled by his a particular setting. It is in those participating stales must feel free to call government to change his name and instances and only in those instances, attention to violations of that principle, Our distinguished colleague from the deny his ethnic origin or be that we deem it necessary to express -.o as to encourage participating states Soviet Union told us that in applying discriminated against if he fails to do so: ourselves openly on the reports which to conform with their legal obligations international standards of human no group ol persons shall be prevented come to us concerning the subject of under international law. and that the act rights, we need to take into account the from maintaining their langauge. their human-rights violations. of calling attention to any violations differences in interpretation of these literature and culture. Propositions It is not our intention. Mr. Chairman, does not constitute intervention within standards in different social systems such as these. 1 submit, cut across all to use a phrase that is often bandied the meaning of Principle VI. and cultures. We agree. We recognize, social systems and can be said to be about, to "seek confrontation" at a Intervention, as the word is used there, for example, that some of the more far- truly universal. They should be meeting devoted to a discussion of involves action which goes beyond mere reaching decisions of the United States discussed by us here so as to determine human rights. At the same time, we comment or expression of concern. Supreme Court in the area of civil whether we can agree that these believe we would be remiss in our duties In his presentation to us the other liberties, as to the scope of freedom of propositions must be deemed necessary if we came to a meeting called to discuss evening, our distinguished Soviet speech, including symbolic speech, or as corollaries of the provisions ol the human-rights performance within the colleague offered one other reason vvhv to the rights, of persons suspected or (Continued on page 14)

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SLEEPING ROOM Yevshan Zillia, in Ukrainian folklore, is a mythological herb with magical | Accommodations are available. powers The fragrance of its scent brings back memories of childhood, Ed Evanko. Singer and M.C. Bandurist Mishalow of one з first love, of home, of Ukraine. The desire to express the emo­ For reservations, tions of sucb memories through the artistic media of song was realized please call (201) 386-9100 by forming the female vocal ensemble and naming it after the Please mention mythological herb. Since its formation in October of 1977, the Minnesota- based ensemble, under the musical direction of Kira Tsarehradsky, has Ukrainian Festival for shared its love of Ukrainian song with audiences throughout the United Special S39.95 rate per room States and Canada. (regularly S84.50) No. 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 13

the individual is afraid to take any initiative. Article Art. 77-1: "actions which disrupt the work of WCFU Human Rights... In January 1984 the Presidium of the USSR corrective labor institutions." under which previously (Continued from page 8) Supreme Soviet issued a number of changes to the only especially dangerous recidivists and persons to recant or renounce their activities while in camps. definition of "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" convicted of grave crimes were punished, is now also The use of such subjective and broadly interpretable under Article 70, RSFSR Criminal Code. It is now a extended to include all categories or-prisoner. terms as "malicious," "grave" and "especially criminal offense to not only prepare and disseminate In March 1983 numerous changes were made to the dangerous" clearly suggests that the law is primarily "detrimental" materials, but a mere posession of such Corrective Labor Code. In particular, the following designed to give prison authorities arbitrary power to works constitutes a criminal offense. Part 2 of this changes were made to Article 78-2 about the extend the sentences of dissidents, a chilling article, which prescribes punishment of 10 years' hard obligations and rights of persons who have been throwback to Stalinist times. It also promotes, codifies labor and five years' exile^ previously applied only to conditionally convicted and conditionally released: and expedites the recently adopted tactic of rearresting persons who had previous convictions or who had after the phrase staling that these persons are obliged dissidents shortly before they are due to be released been convicted of acts commited in time of war. Now, to live "in hostels especially designed for them." it is from their previous sentence. This practice had "acts commited with the use of money or other added that "a convicted person is allowed to spend free become increasingly frequent in recent years, when a material valuables received from foreign time outside the hotel only with the permission of the number of dissidents, nearing the end of their terms organizations or persons acting in the interest of these organ of internal affairs which is responsible for have found themselves sentenced to new terms, often organizations," carry the same penalty. It should be surveillance"; excluded from the article is the previous on charges of slandering the state while in camp. pointed out that no precise definition is given of possibility of permission to "live with their families in The new law will expedite this practice by relieving "material valuables" (obviously, parcels of any kind accommodation rented by them"; also excluded is any authorities of the need to compile a whole new case could be included); the "foreign organizations"are not mention of the possibility of going awav on leave. against a dissident w ho is nearing the end of his term, even required to be "subversive" or anti-Soviet"; it is Article 99. RSFSR Corrective Labor Code, or to stage "evidence" for trumped-up drug charges sufficient that they be "foreign"; the "persons" giving concerning the conditions under which convicted and the like, as was done with many Ukrainian POCs. help do not necessarily have to be members of these persons are conditionally released, has been added the such as Petro Sichko. Vasyl Sichko. Yaroslav Lesiv, organizations - it is sufficient that they should be indication that convicted persons must give a written Yuriy Lytvyn. Vasyl Ovsienko, Zorian Popadiukand "acting in their interest." On these grounds, any promise "to demonstrate that he has reformed by his others. humanitarian help from any fund that is based abroad, exemplary and honest attitude to his work." or even from private individuals, could be regarded as Under the new law, prisoners are liable to additional an aggravating circumstance in a case where someone In July 1984, a USSR Supreme Soviet decree fixed terms merely for disobeying camp administrators or is charged and sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment. protesting against abysmal working conditions, penalties of up to 100 rubles for Soviet citizens who inadequate food or lack of medical care. Moreover, violate "rules for stay in the USSR by foreign citizens the stipulation that the law is applicable to those A new Article 13-І has been introduced or stateless persons" or provide shelter, transportation prisoners who have been punished during the course of corresponding to Article 76-1. RSFSR Criminal or "other services" to foreigners without official their terms, either by spending time in isolation cells or Code, "passing to foreign organizations information permission. Officials whose work involves receiving in prisons, will make most dissidents, especially those containing official secrets," which prescribes foreigners in the USSR can be administratively fined who continued their protests in camps, liable to punishment of up to three years'deprivation of liberty up to 100 rubles for violating rules for registering extended terms. This becomes a vivid illustration of or up to two years' corrective labor for "passing to them. etc. Private persons who invite non-citizens to the Soviet government's cynical use of the law to foreign organizations or to their representatives, or visit them, and accommodate them in their homes are squelch dissent. For, in effect, prisoners will be punished compiling for this purpose, economic, scientific, subject under administrative rules to a fine of up to 50 for having been punished, and those who were severely technical or other information containing official rubles lor violating the registration regulations. punished in the past, will be punished further, for secrets by a person to whom this information has been Although the range of illegal actions has not been having been subjected to such severe punishment entrusted for official reasons at work, or to whom this extended, the decree clearly places limitations on con­ previously. information has become known by some other tacts between Soviet citizens and foreigners. As further harassment and persecution of dissidents means." Another new Soviet regulation issued in August and who have fully served their sentence but show no signs Nowhere in Soviet law is "official secret" precisely effective as of October 1984 forbids foreigners to pre­ of "rehabilitation," the Presidium of the Supreme defined. It should also be pointed out that the law pay often exorbitant tarriffs on packages sent to Soviet of the USSR has also introduced changes and refers to "information" which the accused has not Soviet citizens. This regulation ended a 30-year Soviet supplements to the legislation of the administrative necessarily acquired officially or at work but possibly policy under which foreign friends and relatives could surveillance of persons released from incarceration, "received by some other means. "The second part to this send clothing and food through special package dated September 22, 1983. article, which relates to actions "that have caused companies which accepted pre-payment. These new This particular decree provides for an atmosphere major damage" or entailed "other serious restrictions will especially affect families of POCs, of intimidation which will become psychologically consequences" prescribes punishment by deprivation religious believers and refuseniks, since they now must debilitating. It strips the person of any rights to of liberty for a term of up to eight years. pay high tariffs and there is no longer guaranteed privacy, creating a dehumanizing atmosphere in which Article 14-1 corresponds to RSFSR Criminal Code delivery of these parcels from abroad.

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Ш Authentic international cuisine prepared by experienced chefs; their specialty, ШІ AVAILABLE of course: Ukrainian dishes! a Eight tennis courts SAGA OF UKRAINE ш Olympic size swimming pool, and toddlers' pool, AN OUTLINE HISTORY я Volleyball courts. Vol. 1 - The Age of Royalty ш Hiking trails. Vol. 2 - The Age of Heroism ш Top names in Ukrainian entertainment. (m English) By Myron B. Kuropas ш Weekly art exhibits and cultural presentations. Ш On-going program of dances, cocktail socials, outdoor luncheons, films, campfire S2.00 each at the; sing - a longs and more! Svoboda Book Store SAME PRICES AS LAST YEAR. 30 Montgomery St. RESERVE A ROOM TODAY! Jersey City, N. J. 07302 SOYUZIVKA UNA ESTATE (Npft )eiifv resid?ni 3d I 6 Foordemoore Road. Kerhonkson, NY. 12446. Tel.: (914) 626-5641 4 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1985 No. 20 U.S. ambassador... Chairman, are protected by the Constitution of the United States, by ADVERTISING RATES (Continued from page 12) our state constitutions, and. above all, framework of the Helsinki Final Леї b`. an independent judiciary, r-rom a SVOBODA UKRAINIAN-LANGUAGE DAILY without making reference to human- pragmatic point of view, ratification of AND THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY rights violations of which we are fully the covenants would add nothing that is aware and for which we have not 1 column/inch (1 inch by single column): not already covered by domestic law in discovered any other means of redress. a manner in which human rights can be fraternal and community advertisements S 6.0C In speaking of such shortfalls in human- effectively enforced , rights performance at this meeting we general advertisements SIO.OC shall seek to avoid flowery adjectives I should note that as the years pass our senators may see less reason than Note: All advertisements which span the full eight-column page ot and purple prose. We shall seek to lay ever to ratify such international Svoboda are subject to the 110.00 per column/inch rate. out the facts, simplv and plainly. But it instruments as the Covenant on Civil If the advertisement requires a photo reproduction there is an additional is our intention to send our message clearly to the appropriate address rather and Political Rights because they see charge as follows: that among those that purport to adhere single column | 8.00 than marking it "to whom it may concern." to that international instrument are the double column S10.00 most serious human-rights violators, triple column S 12.00 Let me add t hat we have come here in each of them relying on the fact that Deadlines for submitting advertisements: full recounition that the right which we under the covenant human rights may Svoboda: two days prior to desired publication date. claim for ourselves, namely the right to be abridged if the country claims tfiat The Ukrainian Weekly: noon of the Monday before the date of the Weekly discuss reports of human-rights such abridgement is necessary for such issue in question. ^ violations in other participating states, purposes as public safety and order. In Advertisements will be accepted over the telephone only in emergencies is a right which adheres to all such the absence of an independent judiciary states. This means that all participants which can determine what is and what is have the right to discuss reports of not necessary to protect public safety human-rights violations in the United and order, this loophole provision, Slates. But I hope that those who will repeated frequently throughout the speak on the subject of human rights in covenant, has served only to drain that the United States will try. as weshall. to document of real value. avoid flamboyance and to try to get their facts straight. Ours, as is well To be sure, the authors of the known, is an open country. It does not convenant did think of this problem and take a great deal of effort to establish sought to guard against it. They created whether certain allegations as to events a Human Rights Committee, which, in our country are accurate or not. 1 do under an Optional Protocol, is hope that all those who will speak here empowered to receive and consider about the United States will instruct complaints. Suffice it to say that the their research assistants to utilize the Soviet Union has not ratified the opportunities for verification that do Optional Protocol. exist. There arc. as we all know, a great This discussion of the covenants. Mr. many of them. Chairman, bears some special relevance to our work under the Helsinki Final One point that has already been made Act. Increasingly in my country the in criticism of the United States, question is asked as to what value there although we were not named explicitly, is in those accords if they can be violated is that the United States Senate has with impunity. The answer to this failed to ratify certain international criticism must be that violations won`t covenants in the field of human rights. I be ignored, that in a fair and just can offer, first, a purely technical manner they will be discussed within the Harvard Ukrainian Studies answer, namely that we are here to CSCE process and that there is indeed Journal of the Ukrainian Research Institute, discuss respect for human rights and not reason for hope that over time all the question of how many times we have signatories to the Helsinki Final Act Harvard University promised to respect human rights. But special issue (vol. 8, no. 1/2) will increasingly seek to bring there is more to this issue than is themselves into compliance with its The Kiev Mohyla Academy covered by this technical answer. provision. That is the goal toward Human rights in our country. Mr. which we must bend all our efforts. Commemorating the 350th anniversary of its founding e This issue presents new research and findings about the Kiev Still Mohyla Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Orthodox Slavic world. available: Ukrainian Catholic... " Contents include eight essays on the academy's founder, its educa­ (Continued from page 1) tional and intellectual activity, and its cultural impact; two review . additional copies of While friction between Polish Latin essays evaluating recent Western and Romanian scholarship; two rile Catholics and Uniates goes back The Ukrainian Weekly's bibliographies annotating recent Soviet and Polish publications; and nearly 400 years, ethnic and political a facsimile of the Eucharisterion presented to Peter Mohyla by the special issue on the factors have also played a role in fueling academy's students and faculty in 1632. 288 pages. 8 illustrations. animosities. Ukrainians frequently SI8 for the special issue alone; complain about persistent attempts at S28 for both issues (nos. 1/2 and 3/4) of volume 8 GREAT Order from Harvard Lkuitniun Studies Poloni/ation. Still another factor is the Soviet government's repression of the Harvard University FAMINE. 1583 Massachusetts Avenue Uniale Church in western Ukraine, Cambridge. Massachusetts02138 U.S.A. which was banned in 1946. There are those who believe the Soviets have an interest in making sure that the Order by writing Ukrainian Catholic Church is kept or calling down in an area bordering western UKRAINIAN DANCE CAMP The Weekly Ukraine, where an underground at (201) 434-0237. Church is experiencing a dramatic 10th ANNIVERSARY UKRAINIAN DANCE WORKSHOP AND resurgence in popularity, according to DANCE CAMP AT VERKHOVYNA, GLEN SPEY, N.Y. reports. Roma Pry ma Bohachevska, Artistic Director ш Dance Workshop - advanced dancers from 15 yrs. of age. MAKAR'S JEWELRY June 30 - July 19, 1985 STORE 8. SHOP ш Dance Camp - from 10-16 yrs of age. 2022 Morris Avenue ш Union. N. J. 07083 August 11 - August 24, 1985 (201) 686-1931 ш Teaching staff. Valentina Pereyaslavets. Roma Pryma, Jaro Klun. on wide variety of beautiful chains imported from Italy and gold tuba Wolynec, Nadia Semczuk (14 and 18 carat) watches. Also large selection of earrings and Ш Ukrainian folk dance, character, mime, ballet and choreography classes many other items at discount prices. ш Lectures on the origin and ethnographical history of Ukrainian customs and costumes m Diamond rings and earrings " A large selection of jewelry made ot 14 and 18 carat gold, silver and enamel, crafted ш For information and registration write or call to your specifications or in our own designs. UKRAINIAN DANCE CAMP 8. WORKSHOP ш Ukrainian tryzubs (tridents) in various styles and sizes. c/o Roma Pryma Bohachevsky ш Bulk orders are accepted from shops as well as individuals 8. churches. Ш Write for free catalogues 523 East 14th Street. Apt. 3B. New York. N.Y. 10009 m (212) 677-7187 Open: Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday - 10-6 o'clock. Thursday 8. Friday - 10-8:30 p.m. Deadline - June 15th, 1985 Saturday - 10-6:30 p.m. No. 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19,1985 15

Chronicle... INSURANCE (Continued from page 2) ON THIS MEMORIAL DAY FOR CHILDREN? These and similar statements sow LET US NOT FORGET OUR FELLOW DEPARTED COMRADES. AND ALL disinformation among the THE MEN AND WOMEN WHO SERVED IN THE ARMED FORCES OFTHE population, frighten people with non-existent danger, but the most "You bet. The Ukrainian National UNITED STATES. frightening danger is the danger Association offers your family more than life insurance. The UNA's seven which threatens the destruction of classes of life insurance for juvenile THE NATIONAL UKRAINIAN AMERICAN our nation by Moscow, and not by members are designed to answer the distant China. In the program of the educational and financial needs of your VETERANS Ukrainian National Front, there children. stands a clear and unambiguous "As a UNA member, your child will position: "All foreign territories become eligible for scholarship oppor­ which arc forcibly occupied by tunities, camping programs and various Moscow will be returned to their other youth activities coordinated by rightful owners; all nations that UNA'ers who are genuinely interested in You are cordially invited to attend the populate the great empire should be your children. free!" "The UNA believes in Ukrainian youth. It was to our regret, that the Our investment of time, energy and capi­ 75th ANNIVERSARY Holiest Father in Rome wasn't tal prove it." allowed into the People's Republic of Inquire about UNA financial and fra­ BANQUET, CONCERT 8. DANCE China. This is quite handy for ternal benefits today. Moscow, which uses all dissension „ . commemorating the 75th anniversary for its own purposes. For me it would be beneficial to have the means to Name: - of the visit the People's Republic of China, to meet with Chinese Catholics, to Address: Ukrainian Fraternal Association 1910-1985 pray together for our nations and for Tel.: to be held the eternal friendship between Number of children: Saturday, May 25, 1985 at LaSalle College Ukraine and great China. 20th Street and Olney Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. Dates of birth: Yosyf Terelia Concert and Dancing to follow official dinner program Dovhe Send to: FEATURING: December 1984 UKRAINIAN NATIONAL PAUL PLISHKA, Basso - Metropolitan Opera Co. ASSOCIATION Orthodox Church... 30 Montgomery Street, 3rd Fl. JOY BRITTAN, vocalist - Us Vegas (Continued from page 2) Jersey City, N.J. 07302 TOM HRYNKIW, pianist Tel.: (201) 451-2200 off any millennium activities planned by (212) 227-5250 S20.00 per person. Cocktails - 5:30 p.m. Dinner - 6:30 p.m. the unregistered denominations. Tickets may be purchased by calling: Mykola Bojczuk - (215) 745-7803 But one religious group that will certainly present a problem to both the government and the Orthodox Church is the Ukrainian Catholic Church, Share The Weekly which was banned by authorities in 1946 but has managed to survive with a colleague underground. Since the Ukrainian There's no place like Soyuzivka Orthodox Church has been all but eliminated in Ukraine, the Ukrainian Catholic church, with an estimated 5 REAL ESTATE million adherents in western Ukraine, is SOYUZIVKA seen by authorities as a continued HOUSE FOR SALE. GLEN SPEY. N.Y. repository of Ukrainian nationalist All brick. 4 yrs. young. 3 bedrooms. 2 bith, ranch, attached 1 bedroom apartment. Full sentiment. above ground, semi-finished basement with Since Prince Volodymyr the Great, 4th bath and 3rd kitchen. Walk to St. who as the leader of Kievan Rus` Volodymyr Church. Ideal mother/daughter or investment. Call accepted Christianity in 988. is 201-773-8986 or 914-856-8509 considered the head of a Ukrainian state by Ukrainians in the Soviet Union and 1985 SUMMER/FALL the West, the millennium commemora­ HELP WANTED tions could have a political as well as CAMPS fc WORKSHOPS religious dimension. at SOYUZIVKA Will hire for office work Serious medical. TEACHERS TENNIS CAMP - June 23 - July 3 (Boys and Girls ages 12-18). Food and lodging S180.00 (UNA members), (Continued from page 3) looking for summer S210.00 (non-members). Tennis fee: 560.00. transmission of disease were thus employment. increased, the Times said. A shortage of medical supplies For information, please call: BOYS' CAMP - June 29 - July 13 poses difficulties as well, according UNA Home Office, Recreation camp for boys ages 7-12, featuring hiking, swimming, games. to Dr. Feshbach. reportedly forcing tel.: (201) 451-2200 Ukrainian songs and folklore. UNA members: 5100.00 per week; non-menv ` doctors to reuse some supplies, 5120.00 per week. increasing the chances of transmitting disease. To combat these problems, Soviet GIRLS' CAMP - July 14-27 officials have been creating WANTED Similar program to boys' camp; same prices. "extraordinary anti-epidemic FRATERNAL commissions" in all military units UKRAINIAN FOLK DANCE WORKSHOP - July 28 - August 10 and on all ships, the Times said. ACTIVITIES Traditional Ukrainian folk dancing for beginners, intermediate and advan COORDINATOR dancers. Instructor: ROMA PRIMA-BOHACHEWSKY. Limit 60 students. Food Full time employment. Knowledge of lodging 5195.00 (UNA members), 5225.00 (non-members). Instructor's I Ukrainian and English languages - in­ 5100.00. A UNA terested in public relations, promote social, cultural, religious and educational UKRAINIAN CULTURAL COURSES - August 10-24 insurance policy activities among UNA members. Pay good. Send resumes to: Classes in Ukrainian language, history, geography, literature, arts. is an investment UKRAINAIN NATIONAL UNA members S200.00, non-members 5230.00 ASSOCIATION 30 Montgomery Street, 3rd floor For more information, please contact the management of Soyuzivka: in the Ukrainian Jersey City, N.J. 07302 Tel.: (201) 451-2200 SOYUZIVKA UNA ESTATE community Foordemoore Rd., Kerhonkson, N.Y. 12446 " (914) 626-5641 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19,1985 No. 20 Museum offers geneology advice PREVIEW OF EVENTS NEW YORK - The Geneological Alvin Kapusta of Washington and May 19 - June 2 May 30 - June 4 Section of The Ukrainian Museum Orest Horodysky of Chicago will recently announced that the Local volunteer their time as consultants. GOVERNORS ISLAND, N.Y.: An NEW YORK: The New York School History and Geneology Division of the This fall, Mr. Kapusta will give a works by Taras Schumylovych will of Bandura will sponsor an New York Public Library will accept lecture titled "Who am I?" in be on display at the museum on the Advanced Bandura Technique copies of geneological studies of conjuction with the museum's work. military base. His latest paintings Workshop, which will be taught by Ukrainian families for the library's Gunther E. Pohl, director of the have nautical themes. bandurist Victor Mishalow of collection. library's Local History and Geneology Sydney, Australia. Workshop hours: The Ukrainian Museum is accepting Division, noted that although the May 24 - 26 Thursday and Friday, 6:30 - 9:30 copies as well and suggests that anyone library currently has geneological p.m.; Saturday, 10 a.m. - 4 p.m.; who has geneological studies should studies of many ethnic groups in its PITTSBURGH: Ukrainians will be Sunday, 2-4 p.m.; Monday and send two copies to the museum which collection, no Ukrainians are represented at the 29th annual Pitts­ Tuesday, 6:30 - 9:30 p.m. Cost: S35. will forward one to the New York represented in the collection. burgh Folk Festival, which is Those interested should sign up no library. sponsored by Robert Morris College later than May 21. For more The Geneological Section of the The Ukrainian Museum has prepared and will be held at the David L. information call (718)658-7449. museum will not actually conduct a list of books and other publications Lawrence Convention Center. They geneological studies, but will assist that would be useful to anyone interested in researching his family will be manning cultural, food.and ONGOING: anyone interested in his geneology by sales booths. The Poltava Ukrainian suggesting methods of research and roots and will mail the list on request. Dance Ensemble, directed by Luba making available completed The museum is located at 203 Second CAMBRIDGE, Mass.: An exhibit of geneological studies to serve as guides. Ave., New York. N.Y. 10003. Hlutkowsky, and the Kalyna Choir materials commemorating the 800th of Western Pennsylvania Council of anniversary of events described in the League of Ukrainian Catholics, "Slovo о polku Ihorevi`` ("Tale of delegation raised the case of Ukrainian directed by Irene Vladuchick, will lhor`s Campaign"), perhaps the U.S delegation... Helsinki Monitoring Group member perform Friday at 9 p.m. Festival greatest epic of the Kievan Rus`, is (Continued from page 1) Oksana Meshko. The delegation told Hours: Friday and Saturday, 4-11 taking place here in the lobby of the Vsevolod Sofinsky. the conference that an 80-year-old p.m.; Sunday, 1-9 p.m. For more Weidner Library at Harvard As in past sessions at which Western Helsinki monitor is in ill health and has information call Mary Ann Grimm University through May 30. The delegations have cited human-fights been sentenced to internal exile. The at (412)462-3883. exhibit shows the "Slovo" in its violations of Warsaw Pact nations, the Dutch also offered to provide various facets, as a literary master­ Soviets responded to Mr. Schifter's delegations with more information on May 24 - July 7 piece translated into many address by launching into a lengthy the case of the Ms. Meshko, whom they languages, as a historical document, attack on alleged American misdeeds in did not cite by name. EVANSTON, 111.: Alexandra Dia- as the subject of scholarly study and the human-rights field. chenko will display her Clay Works fierce debate, and as an influence on Several Canadian human-rights at the Octagon Gallery. Evanston art and music. Western reporters were told that Mr. groups have criticized the Canadian Art Center. 2603 Sheridan Road. Sofinsky cited the recent arrests of delegation for muting its criticisms of There will be an opening reception NEW YORK: Virlana Tkacz is Americans protesting against the Soviet human-rights record. May 24 at 7-9 p.m. directing Dick Zigun`s play "His Washington's economic embargo of Master's Voice," through June 2 on Nicaragua, the failure of the U.S. "Canada sees its role as a gracious May 25 Coney Island at the Sideshows by the government to constitutionally host - a host which may be called upon Seashore Theater. 12th Street and guarantee the equal rights of women, to bring about consensus between two WINDSOR, Ontario: The Ukraina the Boardwalk. In the play, which is and CIA-funded psychiatric superpowers should an impasse occur," Folk Dance Ensemble of Chicago, about a ventriloquist who decides to experimentation involving mind- said Christina Isajiw, executive director under the direction of Evhen kill Thomas Alva Edison for invent­ altering drugs. ("``\ of the Human Rights Commission, Litvinov. will perform at 7 p.m. at ing motion pictures, is one World Congress of Free Ukrainians. Centennial High School. 1400 North Ukrainian, Andrea Odezynska. Mr. Schifter wjfljeporters gathered Ms. Isajiw added that the Canadians Wood St. Tickets: SIO, general Tickets: S5. Showtime: Wednesday in his hotel Smite shortly before have said that they are prepared to "pull admission: S8, students and senior through Sunday. 8 p.m. For more delivering his address that the lack of the chestnut out of the fire" during citizens. For more information call information call (718) 372-5159. any development at the human-rights confrontations at the Ottawa (312)692-3506. conference may prompt the United States to establish a congressional conference. On Friday, May 17, the United States May 26 PLEASE NOTE: Preview items review of the Ottawa meeting. must be received one week, before I was to have delivered a second desired date of publication. No I Mr. Schifter also said that the United statement dealing with the persecution TORONTO: The Ukraina Folk of religion in the Soviet Union, and next Dance Ensemble, under the direction information will be taken over the j States would not impose trade of Evhen Litvinov, will perform at phone. Preview items will be I sanctions on the Soviet Union if it failed week an address on repression of the Queen Elizabeth Theatre, published only once (please note І to improve its treatment of dissidents. minorities within the USSR. Exhibition Place. Tickets: SI 2, desired date of publication). All І Rather, the United States, he said, Sources said that the second general admission: SIO. students and items are published at the discretion Щ would increase trade "if there are more statement was to cite cases of Soviet senior citizens. For more of the editorial staff and in ассог– 1 improvements." repression of the Ukrainian Catholic information call (312) 692-3506. dance with available space. Earlier in the week, the Dutch Church.

UNION, N.J.: Ukrainian American PREVIEW OF EVENTS, a listing j Veterans Post 6 will conduct its of Ukrainian community events open I Ukrainian lawyers... obtaining the same latitude for annual Memorial Day Service at 11 to the public, is a service provided conducting discovery in the Soviet a.m. at the Post Memorial Monu­ free of charge by The Weekly to the | (Continued from page 1) Union as the OSI has had in ment in Hollywood Cemetery. The Ukrainian community. To have an Щ distorted the witnesses' testimonies cooperation with the Soviet Ukrainian community is cordially event listed in this column, please when they prepared the protocols. authorities." added the UABA. invited to attend the service. send information (type of event, j date, time, place, admission, j "The U.S. government failed to As a final point, the UABA noted NEW YORK: Ukrainian Catholic sponsor, etc.), along with the phone i| obtain and the Soviet government that, "One cannot help but wonder how War Veterans Post 401 will hold its number of a person who may be І refused or failed to turn over earlier the U.S. government, while castigating Memorial Day Service at St. reached during daytime hours for J| transcripts that may have revealed the Soviets for blatant violations of George's Ukrainian Catholic additional information, to: PRE- І whether testimonies were improperly human rights and disregard of Church. E. Seventh Street, at noon. VIEW OF EVENTS, The Ukrainian 1 intluenced. fundamental concepts of fairness and The Ukrainian community is Weekly, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey Ш due process, can at the same time rely so cordially invited to attend. City, N J. 07302. The UABA added that the Kungys heavily on evidence supplied by the case was not the first in which evidence same system in seeking to strip its was improperly obtained. citizens of the right of citizenship." The third concern raised in the letter is that although Soviet-supplied The UABA went on to say that, "no SOYUZIVKA - UNA ESTATE evidence can be corroborated by non- one. can deny the legal and moral Soviet sources, the defendant is not imperative of searching out individuals HELP WANTED for SUMMER allowed to search out and obtain whose tainted war-time histories were depositions in the Soviet Union for his concealed from the authorities when GENERAL WORKERS, WAITERS 8. WAITRESSES, defense. In fact, one of the grounds for they came to this country. However, it is appeal in the case of United States vs precisely because the stakes are so high KITCHEN HELP and MAITENANCE Kowalchuk involved official Soviet that the utmost care must be given to the Salary negotiable. Interested persons please contact restrictions which denied the defendant manner in which these individuals are access to witnesses, a deprivation of charged and prosecuted. Our SOYUZIVKA UNA ESTATE rights under the due process clause. constitutional safeguards require Foordemoore Rd., Kerhonkson, N.Y. 12446 Tel.: (914) 626-5641 "This is not the only case where the nothing less than what would otherwise defendant has had difficulties in be available to any other defendant."