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The Sexual Workshop: a Technology and Phenomenology of Internet Porn

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The Sexual Workshop: a Technology and Phenomenology of Internet Porn The Sexual Workshop: A Technology and Phenomenology of Internet Porn by Andrew Ivan Brown B.A. (Hons.), University of British Columbia, 2012 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of Communication Faculty of Communication, Art and Technology Andrew Ivan Brown 2014 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2014 Approval Name: Andrew Brown Degree: Master of Arts Title: The Sexual Workshop: A Technology and Phenomenology of Internet Porn Examining Committee: Chair: Gary McCarron Associate Professor Rick Gruneau Senior Supervisor Professor Clint Burnham Supervisor Associate Professor Department of English Thomas Kemple Supervisor Professor Department of Sociology University of British Columbia Shannon Bell External Examiner Professor Department of Political Science York University By video conference (Toronto ON) Date Defended/Approved: June 03, 2014 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract This thesis is an attempt to develop a synthetic philosophical analysis that will shed light on the meanings of online pornography for contemporary masculinity, set against the background of longstanding feminist debate about the nature and role of pornography in contemporary societies, and borrowing strongly from ideas found in Heidegger's writing on technology and Dasein, as well as Marcuse's analysis of eros. I argue that the “others” of our erotic fantasies are replacing the humans we are closest to, as we ourselves are being transformed into “others” by the technologies that surround us. This view is in contrast with much of the discourse on sexuality up to the present day, a discourse that is encapsulated by a subject-object dualistic framework strongly influenced by Freud. I suggest that often self-produced, interactive pornography is emerging as a new kind of “incitement mechanism” in regards to human sexuality. Yet, interactive pornography is still at an early stage of development and its future is far from clear. It might potentially open up alternative, potentially liberating, modes of sexual experience, or simply reproduce existing forms of masculine oppression. Keywords: Phenomenology; Pornography; Psychoanalysis; Technology; Masculinity; Sexuality iv Dedication I would like to dedicate this thesis to Mom, Dad, Alicia, Stefan and Gornel. Shout outs to Justin, James, Dylan and Donald for being the backbone of my suburbian existence. And of course Courtney and other Courtney, Kat and so on, thank you. I further dedicate this thesis to people of the future, especially to those of you in Toronto. v Acknowledgements Thank you Rick, for guiding me through my neurosis and helping me tremendously with the edits. Thank you Tom, for hearing me out, reinvigorating me over many beers and coffees and for the unbridled care you’ve always shown since taking me under your wing. Thank you Clint and Shannon, for reading my thesis and making my defense all the more memorable. Reading group people, thank you. You know who you are. To the feminist friends in my life, you’ve helped me grow and I am endlessly grateful for that. I couldn’t have read Heidegger without you. Cheers to anyone in my graduate program who ever took the time to interact with me in some way. And finally, thank you Rory, for putting up with my quiet, scholarly habits even when you were trying to party hard. vi Table of Contents Approval ...........................................................................................................................................ii Partial Copyright Licence ................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... iv Dedication ........................................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures and Images ............................................................................................................. viii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 Discourses on Pornography: From Feminism to Porn Studies ................................. 15 CHAPTER 2 The Dialectic of Eros: On “Being Turned On” ........................................................... 43 CHAPTER 3 The Technological Hard‐On ....................................................................................... 70 CHAPTER 4 Sexual Circumspection: Experiencing Pornography ................................................. 88 CHAPTER 5 Sexual Theory: From Traditional to Interactive Pornography ................................ 111 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 130 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................ 137 vii List of Figures and Images Image 0.1….……………………………...................4 Image 0.2….……………………………………………...4 Figure 1………………………………………………….50 Figure 2………………………………………………….52 Figure 3………………………………………………….52 Figure 4………………………………………………….55 Figure 1.5……………………………………………….52 Image 4.1……………………………………………….96 Image 4.2 ………………………………………………96 Image 4.3………………………………………………101 Image 4.4………………………………………………103 Image 4.5………………………………………………104 Image 4.6………………………………………………105 Image 4.7………………………………………………106 Image 4.8………………………………………………107 Figure 5.1……………………………………………...116 Figure 5.2……………………………………………...117 Figure 5.3……………………………………………...123 viii INTRODUCTION For we are all agreed on one thing – that the subject of masturbation is quite inexhaustible. ‐Freud, “Contributions to a Discussion on Masturbation” Anti‐pornography activist Andrea Dworkin once described pornography as “the graphic depiction of the lowest whores” (1981: 200). She claimed that “whores exist to serve men sexually. Whores exist only within a framework of male sexual domination” (1981: 200). As Dworkin noted, “the word pornography, derived from the ancient Greek porné and graphos, means ‘writing about whores’.… The only change in the meaning of the word is with respect to its second part, graphos: now there are cameras – there is still photography, film, video” (Dworkin 1981: 199, 200). In today’s society, there are now digital technologies of the graphos. In Dworkin’s terminology, these digital technologies allow people of any sex, gender and sexual orientation to become ‘whores’ by transforming themselves into digital porné in a variety of different ways. For example, the popular usage of cameras on iPhones and other mobile devices allow users to transform their bodies into porné by taking a photo or video and simply clicking ‘share’ on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, or whatever. Over at Reddit Real Girls and LadyBonersGoneWild, heterosexual women (in the former) and men (in the latter) post pictures of themselves in sexual positions, acts or poses in order to be viewed by members of the opposite sex. These are not “porn‐ stars” posting these pictures, these are just everyday people having fun in their 1 everyday lives. Another example can be seen in live cam sites such as LiveJasmin and YouPornMate that allow hundreds of users to join in on viewing a “private showing” with men or women stripping and performing sex acts live on cam. Money is earned through a tip system – the more money tipped to the performer, the more raunchy the performance becomes, all from the safety of the performer’s own home. ChatRoulette‐ like sites, such as ChatRandom, allow users (almost all male) to expose themselves on cam to other users at random, even if only for a few seconds before the other user presses ‘next’ to skip them. Websites like BeaverBattle, AssBattles and fapUlike create competition for posters through a picture‐rating system where other users vote on the best bodies or sexual acts, bringing to life a fantasy of being a porn‐star without actually becoming one. With these newer technologies, a ‘whore’ does not necessarily have to get paid for sex, for much of this work is done for free, a profit made not for the ‘whore’ but for the host website, service provider, etc. As these cases suggest, what it means to be a “whore” in the word ‘porné’ depends on the technologies of the graphos that inscribe sexual meaning onto bodies and activities. The original technology of the graphos, the technology of writing, also accomplishes this function. In her research on Harlequin novels (a strand of erotic/romantic novels targeting female readers), Ann Barr Snitow argues that “the romantic intensity of Harlequins – the waiting, fearing, speculating – are as much a part of their functioning as pornography for women as are the most overtly sexual scenes” (1983: 259). To continue with Dworkin’s terminology, these Harlequin readers are “whores” without even engaging in overt sexual behaviour insofar as the technology of 2 writing and reading a Harlequin novel facilitates the diffuses of sexual fantasy, if only through the romantic means of teasing and seducing, of waiting, fearing and speculating.
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