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NARRATIVE STRUCTURE of the MINDS of BILLY MILLIGAN NOVEL and SPLIT FILM a Comparative Study

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NARRATIVE STRUCTURE of the MINDS of BILLY MILLIGAN NOVEL and SPLIT FILM a Comparative Study 2nd English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC) Electronic ISSN: 2579-7263 Proceedings – (ELLiC Proceedings Vol. 2, 2018) CD-ROM ISSN: 2579-7549 NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE MINDS OF BILLY MILLIGAN NOVEL AND SPLIT FILM A Comparative Study M. Keanu Adepati 1*), Samanik 2) Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia *[email protected] Abstract This paper discusses about the narrative structure adaptation of Split Movie (2017) from The Minds of Billy Milligan novel by Daniel Keyes. Mainly, this research is to reveal how the Split movie by M. Night Shyamalan adapts the narrative structure of The Minds of Billy Milligan novel by Daniel Keyes. In order to achieve the research objective, the writer used a qualitative method since the writer would like to describe the detail of the adaptation. In this research the theory that used is the narrative structure theory by Tzvetan Todorov in the concepts of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, restored order, equilibrium and using a structuralism approach in characters and the setting. The data sources of this analysis are from both The Minds of Billy Milligan novel by Daniel Keyes and Split movie by M. Night Shyamalan. After getting the data, the writer classified the data based on the Todorov’s theory. Subsequently, the analysis describes the comparison of both works structurally. Eventually, this study shows the narrative structure of The Minds of Billy Milligan novel which are adapted in Split movie. Keywords: narrative structure, structuralism approach, The Minds of Billy Milligan, Split Introduction companies know that literary text are good 1. Background candidates for filmmaking because their The work of a book like novel or short story stories have already proven to be enjoyable is often times transformed into a film. The to many people”(Desmond and Hawkes, story that is written adapted into a film and 2006, p. 16). This means that work that has makes some differentiation within that been published before and spread into movie. This action that is commonly done by society will leave a mark in the society and film industry called as film adaptation. The will attract society anyway because they meaning of word adaptation is defined as already know the work before. “the transformation of printed works to Furthermore, in film adaptation the another medium” (Kranz and Mellerski, transformation could be diverse because 2008, p. 1). This definition says that the there are several modifications that are given adaptation is the work that is exist and as added value of the work that can make the written could be transformed to another work film adaptation be more fascinating than that can be shown in another form of before. According to Stam (2005) “a filmic medium such as film or play. adaptation gets caught up in the ongoing In this current time, there are a lot of whirl of intertextual references and works that is written in a form of novel or transformations, of text generating other short story that has been transformed into a texts in an endless process of recycling, movie. The works that has been adapted into transformation, and transmutation, which no another medium could bring the new clear point of origin”. This says that sensation of the story because there are some somehow the content of film adaptation things that has been added or omitted by the could be exactly the same with the source directors while transform the works into a work or in the other hand the film adaptation film. Desmond and Hawkes states that “Film could be far from the source work. NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE MINDS OF BILLY MILLIGAN NOVEL AND SPLIT FILM …… [ 440 ] M. Keanu Adepati, Samanik 2nd English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC) Electronic ISSN: 2579-7263 Proceedings – (ELLiC Proceedings Vol. 2, 2018) CD-ROM ISSN: 2579-7549 The works of a novel and the film Equilibrium Again.” Based on this quotation, adaptation have a lot in common, the stand every single story that is created must have correlated to each other. The literary work these 5 stages to be presented on the works. which relies on the text is become the strong However, this theory is not fully true, in key factors of that work and allows its reader some stories that has been created by authors to have more imagination based on each are not fulfilling the theory of narrative reader. While in a film, the sounds effect, structure that is presented by Todorov. There moving pictures and other elements are are several stages that do not exist in one becoming the power of that work but it limits story while the other story has gone all the the imagination of the viewer toward its stages of narrative structure. work. According to Monacco (2000, p. 44) Therefore, based on that assumption, “film and novel stand closed in that they the writer would like to analyze the narrative share the same narrative capacities and tell structure between two works and see the stories from narrator’s perspective”. This stages of narrative structure that are quotation shows that novel and film have the presented in those works. The writer chooses same things that are shared to its reader or the Split (2016) film and The Minds of Billy viewers they share a narrative which has a Milligan novel by Daniel Keyes as the structure like setting, character, plot, themes objects of analysis. The reason why the and others. writer chooses these works as the object is In the year of 2016, there was a because both work are describing the same movie released with the title Split directed by issue about psychological illness that is M. Night Syamalan. This movie tells about a possess by a character. Moreover, this person who possesses the psychological analysis also aims to argue the perspective illness called Dissociative Identity Disorder, that exist in society that says the film a person having 24 personalities in one body. adaptation will always the same with the While IN 2017, a year after the movie previous work that has been published. That released, there was a statement from The is why, in this analysis the writer would like Straitimes that says Split film is based on the to see the stages of narrative structure that previous work The Minds of Billy Milligan are presented in both works and will be by Daniel Keyes a book published in 1977. It focusing on Equilibrium, Disruption, describes about the person who possess a Recognition Repair the Damage and psychological illness, Dissociative Identity Equilibrium Again by looking the intrinsic Disorder. elements of both works. Therefore, the writer would like to conduct the comparative analysis to reveal 2. Narrative Structure Theory that statement. According to Azarian (2011), Narrative structure theory by Tzvetan “conventionally comparative analysis Todorov (1960) is about how the narration in emphasized on the “explanation of a story is created. In this theory, Todorov differences, and the explanation of mentioned that there are 5 stages that a similarities” (p.2). It means that in character will go through; those are comparative study, the thing that will be Equilibrium, Disruption, Recognition Repair analyzed is about the sameness and the Damage and Equilibrium Again. There differences between works that are are a lot of works that has been compared. implementing this narrative structure in the Furthermore, according to Tzvetan story. The stages of narrative structure are: Todorov (1960) “there are 5 stages that a a. Equilibrium, this is a stage where the character should gone through in a story; character is having a normal live and those are Equilibrium, Disruption, doing the daily activities that a character Recognition Repair the Damage and has. NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE MINDS OF BILLY MILLIGAN NOVEL AND SPLIT FILM …… [ 441 ] M. Keanu Adepati, Samanik 2nd English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC) Electronic ISSN: 2579-7263 Proceedings – (ELLiC Proceedings Vol. 2, 2018) CD-ROM ISSN: 2579-7549 b. Disruption, this is a stage where the kidnapped case that characters still character started to get disturbance in happened with the mingle out with life. victim two college some other c. Recognition, this is a stage where the girls, the police characters and character has realized the problem of directly do the having chitchat on disturbance that affects the character’s investigation on that the party until the life. case to find out the party was over. d. Repair the Damage, this is a stage where doer After that the main the character tries to fix and manage the character was entire problem that is happening in the waiting to be story. picked up to go e. Equilibrium Again, this is a stage where home. the character has fixed and managed all the problems that happen in the story and The description on the novel can be in this stage, the character is having the seen from the quotation below: normal life as in the first story or “For the second time in eight days, a adjusting the new situation in the story. young woman had been kidnapped from the campus, at gunpoint, between seven Methodology and eight o’clock in the morning. The In this research the writer use library first was a twenty-five year old research and collect the data from internet optometry student, the second a twenty- source. To support the method of research, four year old nurse. Each had been the writer also considers the use of driven into the countryside, raped, made descriptive qualitative method. According to to cash checks and then robbed.” (Keyes, Sandelowski (2000, p. 39) qualitative 1977, p. 3) method is straight description of phenomena are desired. Especially, it is useful for The picture of the scene on the film: researcher wanting to know the why, how and what.
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