DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter Title: NON-LINEAR NARRATIVE Chapter Author(S): Bruce Isaacs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter Title: NON-LINEAR NARRATIVE Chapter Author(S): Bruce Isaacs Chapter Title: NON-LINEAR NARRATIVE Chapter Author(s): Bruce Isaacs Book Title: New Punk Cinema Book Editor(s): Nicholas Rombes Published by: Edinburgh University Press. (2005) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1r28gs.13 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Edinburgh University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to New Punk Cinema This content downloaded from 76.77.170.243 on Tue, 05 Apr 2016 18:46:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 8. NON-LINEAR NARRATIVE Bruce Isaacs The Golden Age of Hollywood Charting a revision of ± or diversion from ± a particular kind of cinema presumes that cinematic trends are coherent and that such trends can be identified through a series of texts, authors and what can loosely be defined as distributors.This is often less instructive than it initially appears, and can sometimes lead to broad and occasionally meaningless generalisations.Con- temporary critical writing, however, distinguishes classical narrative cinema as the zenith of the Hollywood studio film of the 1930s, '40s and '50s, exemplified in the work of Frank Capra (Mr Smith Goes to Washington [1939], It's a Wonderful Life [1946]), Howard Hawks (Scarface [1932], The Maltese Falcon [1940]) and John Ford (Stagecoach [1939], The Grapes of Wrath [1940], The Searchers [1956]).Though directors such as Orson Welles and Alfred Hitchcock had produced films that constituted a departure from the classical model (Welles's Citizen Kane [1940]) and Hitchcock's Rope [1948] spring to mind as deliberate attempts at formal innovation), the studio film thrived on the founding principles of an often reworked and imminently recognisable formula.I use the phrase `founding principles' to avoid the over- simplified (and yet perennial) notion that a single homogeneous film structure constituted an entire cinematic tradition, which is clearly not the case.This essay will not take the position that the studio film offered one product in a variety of disguises.It was rather a rich and complex body of texts (reflecting numerous aesthetic traditions) that informs a contemporary American cinema as much as it offers a vital point of departure. David Bordwell's influential work on narrative highlights a number of 126 This content downloaded from 76.77.170.243 on Tue, 05 Apr 2016 18:46:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms NON-LINEAR NARRATIVE features common to the studio film (Bordwell 1986: 17±34).Though there were anomalies (we will consider Welles shortly), the focus of the classical narrative was on realism, both aesthetically (photography, lighting, editing, etc.) and thematically (in the choice of plot-lines and characters). The dominant formula ± introduction ± development ± denouement ± constructed the staple narratives of Hollywood melodrama (Gone With the Wind [1939], Casablanca [1942]), the social/political treatise (Mr Smith Goes to Washing- ton, The Grapes of Wrath), film noir (The Maltese Falcon [1941], The Big Sleep [1946]) and the biblical epic (Samson and Delilah [1949], The Ten Commandments [1956]).Though diverse in subject matter and produced in response to a variety of social and historical phenomena, these films ex- emplified the abiding narrative formula.Hollywood productions reflected the dominant ideology (resulting in a demographic mainstream, a concept that exists in current studio marketing strategies), particularly its conception of an American `reality' that functioned self-evidently on relations of cause and effect in the pursuit of historical truth (the quest for narrative truth offered a cinematic substitute).Thus, a remarkable number of studio films depict protagonists who attempt to solve a mystery using a prescribed set of clues that amount to a comprehensive back-story, the plot (what was actually depicted) and probable future developments (the causal consequences).Nar- rative closure was presumed, in spite of increasingly convoluted story-lines (Raymond Chandler confessed to a less than comprehensive picture of the plot of The Big Sleep such that even he as author and, later, a script consultant on the Howard Hawks film, was not certain who was responsible for the death of the chauffeur), and rarely challenged. A second feature to which Bordwell alludes ± and on which Robert Ray significantly expands (Ray 1985: 32±55) ± is an hermetically sealed frame of representation.Action depicted on film was required to cohere within the sacrosanct boundaries of the film narrative.Formal cinematic technique was predetermined by the story, of which narrative was merely a necessary and unobtrusive function.Simply put, cinematic narrative was an enclosed, insular world that functioned without intrusion of an extraneous agency, whether creative or administrative.While a Howard Hawks film drew audiences because it was a Howard Hawks film and a Selznick production stamped an authority of big budgets, glamorous stars and soaring melodrama (alerting audiences to a particular cinematic `reality'), the narrative itself rarely functioned with an acknowledgement of the director's input or the studio's interference; Hitchcock appeared momentarily in each of his films, but few cinema-goers of the 1940s and '50s would have recognised him.The conventional narrative presented the story according to the dictates of a `real world' that was presumed to inform the cinematic world holistically.Indeed, directors such as Frank Capra and John Ford, were esteemed in American 127 This content downloaded from 76.77.170.243 on Tue, 05 Apr 2016 18:46:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms NEW PUNK CINEMA popular culture because of a fidelity to the `real'.Ford's long shots of Monument Valley in The Searchers are an elegy for that which makes the American frontier what it is in the collective (and reflective) imagination. Paradoxically, the hermetically sealed world of the Hollywood narrative assured the lasting influence of realism in American cinema.The greater part of contemporary American cinema seeks to erase the `screen' that separates the image from the audience.In spite of (and perhaps even due to) alternative cinematic trends (beginning with the Hollywood New Wave of the 1970s), the dominant aesthetic of American cinema is founded on realism.A mass audience view films in a darkened room, insulated from an external reality, as audiences once did in the presentation of silent cinema or at the advent of sound, to sustain disbelief that it is viewing a world fundamentally divorced from its own, a world based upon a technological and textual construct. Classical Hollywood cinema, in forbidding the intrusion of the cinematic conceit, at least in part constructed the foundations of what Andre Bazin termed `the myth of total cinema' (Bazin 1974: 17±22). Locating the impetus for a new punk cinema, particularly in terms of narrative experimentation, requires us to return to Welles and Hitchcock, and to dabble somewhat in the notion of the `auteur'. Auteur theory, championed by the French film director, FrancËois Truffaut and his Cahiers du CineÂma colleagues, located the creative force of a film in the director, or more correctly, the director/writer; Truffaut was less accepting of material that was not directed by the script-writer.Among other things, auteur theory, apart from a philosophy of film, collected a group of young French film- makers into what was later (though remarkably quickly) termed `The French New Wave' (Marie 2003: 13); whether this wave represented anything cohesive, aesthetically and thematically, is still debated.What is indisputable is that Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard (two iconic figures of the French New Wave) made films partially as a response to a tradition of French cinema founded on classical narrative structures, high production values and a reified cinematic realism.Thus we have in Godard's Breathless a protagonist who addresses the camera, collapsing the boundary between filmic (narrative) reality and the medium that once merely reproduced a `real world' in complete and unerring form.Indeed, Breathless represents a seminal moment in the dawning of cinematic self-awareness (if not the first) since the advent of talking pictures and the shift from theatricality to realism in Hollywood cinematic narrative. The film-makers of the French New Wave identified themselves almost immediately within a tradition of auteurs, including Jean Renoir, Alfred Hitchcock and, significantly, Orson Welles.Welles epitomised the auteur in his experimentation with the classical Hollywood film and his incompat- ibility with the auspices of the studio system. Citizen Kane is a landmark in the 128 This content downloaded from 76.77.170.243 on Tue, 05 Apr 2016 18:46:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms NON-LINEAR NARRATIVE transition from a classical to a post-classical narrative film and informs substantially the experimental narrative cinema of the French New Wave, the Hollywood New Wave, and the rise of the `Hollywood Independent' in the late 1980s.If Welles had not conceived of a cinematic self-awareness as
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Benefits of Nonlinear Storytelling in Film and Television
    BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING IN FILM AND TELEVISION A THESIS Presented to the University Honors Program California State University, Long Beach In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the University Honors Program Certificate Joshua Seemann Spring 2017 I, THE UNDERSIGNED MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE, HAVE APPROVED THIS THESIS BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING IN FILM AND TELEVISION BY Joshua Seemann ______________________________________________________________ Adam Moore, MFA Film and Electronic Arts California State University, Long Beach Spring 2017 Running Head: BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING Abstract Screenwriters strive to create narratives that are emotionally compelling and engaging to audiences. This research explores the technique of nonlinear storytelling, focusing on what makes a film nonlinear, as well as discussing what benefits nonlinear storytelling provides to the screenwriting process. Through the analysis of three films and one television show that utilize aspects of nonlinear story structure, this study argues that linearity should be thought of as a spectrum rather than something that is categorical. In addition, this work argues that nonlinear story structure makes it easier for films to cover larger spans of time, allows screenwriters to achieve effects that would be impossible in fully linear stories, and helps writers enhance the audience’s emotional connection to scenes through implicit storytelling. This research suggests that by taking advantage of these benefits, screenwriters can create films that lend audiences an emotionally powerful viewing experience. 1 BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING Benefits of Nonlinear Storytelling In Film and Television Nonlinear storytelling is a narrative technique in which the events of a story are told out of chronological order. Better understanding nonlinear story structure will help screenwriters create scripts that are more emotionally compelling than traditional linear films.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ROLE of TIME in NON-LINEAR FICTION NARRATIVES by Tatevik Kyurkchyan Presented to the Department of English & Communicati
    THE ROLE OF TIME IN NON-LINEAR FICTION NARRATIVES by Tatevik Kyurkchyan Presented to the Department of English & Communications in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts American University of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia 20/05/19 1 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…….4 Literature Review……………………………………………………………...……….…… 5 Research Questions and Methodology ….………………………………………………….12 The Seed and the Soil linear version……..…………………………………………………13 The Seed and the Soil non-linear version…………………………………………………. 30 Research Findings and Analysis …………………………………..………………….…… 48 Limitations and Avenues for Future Research………………………….…………..…….. 56 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………..…… 58 2 Abstract This paper analyzes the structure of non-linear narratives in fiction literature in comparison with linear variants. It considers the concept of time and how it is represented and altered through writing in fiction literature. Additionally, the role of time and non-linearity is discussed from the perspective of the emotional effects it induces rather than linear, chronological narratives. With the use of qualitative research, international literature, and an original creative writing segment, this theory is analyzed. 3 Introduction Stories, in their most basic interpretation, are created by isolating a sequence of events and presenting them to an audience. How a story is written noticeably impacts the way it will be received by readers since it considers characters, setting, tone, time, and several other aspects to make it whole. While every detail allows a story to raise various interpretations or perceptions, the importance of time is often overlooked compared to other aforementioned qualities which are deemed more important. From this perspective, time is mostly considered a means through which the story is told, but rather, this paper will analyze how the disruption of time in a story is capable of altering how the story is perceived and emphasizing certain aspects.
    [Show full text]
  • Tenth Lecture Flashback: Significance of Flashback in Literature the Flashback in the Old Man and the Sea
    Tenth Lecture Flashback: A flashback is defined as an interruption in the present of a vivid memory set in the past. There are a variety of things that can cause a flashback to occur, which include songs, food, people, places, or similar events to those in the past. Through flashbacks, we are able to reflect upon experiences we have had in life, both positive and negative, and apply them to the present. Flashback is one of the most popular literary devices used in writing . A flashback typically is implemented by: The narrator tells another character about past events The narrator has a dream about past events The narrator thinks back to past events, revealing the information only to the reader The narrator reads a letter that prompts back to an earlier time Significance of Flashback in Literature Authors use flashbacks in their works for many different reasons. One key reason is to fill in elements of one or more characters’ backstories. Flashbacks can help the reader understand certain motivations that were otherwise unclear, or provide characterization in other ways. Flashbacks can also create suspense or add structure to a story. Some authors have chosen to tell their stories entirely in flashback, such as in Homer’s Odyssey, in which Odysseus tells his story to a listener, or Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, in which the character Marlow tells his fellow sailors about a journey he once took up the Congo River. Other authors, like Kurt Vonnegut in Slaughterhouse Five and Julio Cortázar in Rayuela, choose to tell their stories completely out of chronological order.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining Television Narrative Structure
    Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication College of Communication 2002 Re(de)fining Narrative Events: Examining Television Narrative Structure M. J. Porter D. L. Larson Allison Harthcock Butler University, [email protected] K. B. Nellis Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ccom_papers Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Porter, M.J., Larson, D.L., Harthcock, A., & Nellis, K.B. (2002). Re(de)fining narrative events: Examining television narrative structure, Journal of Popular Film and Television, 30, 23-30. Available from: digitalcommons.butler.edu/ccom_papers/9/ This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Communication at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Re(de)fining Narrative Events: Examining Television Narrative Structure. This is an electronic version of an article published in Porter, M.J., Larson, D.L., Harthcock, A., & Nellis, K.B. (2002). Re(de)fining narrative events: Examining television narrative structure, Journal of Popular Film and Television, 30, 23-30. The print edition of Journal of Popular Film and Television is available online at: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/VJPF Television's narratives serve as our society's major storyteller, reflecting our values and defining our assumptions about the nature of reality (Fiske and Hartley 85). On a daily basis, television viewers are presented with stories of heroes and villains caught in the recurring turmoil of interrelationships or in the extraordinary circumstances of epic situations.
    [Show full text]
  • FILMS MANK Makeup Artist Netflix Director: David Fincher SUN DOGS
    KRIS EVANS Member Academy of Makeup Artist Motion Picture Arts and Sciences IATSE 706, 798 and 891 BAFTA Los Angeles [email protected] (323) 251-4013 FILMS MANK Makeup Artist Netflix Director: David Fincher SUN DOGS Makeup Department Head Fabrica De Cine Director: Jennifer Morrison Cast: Ed O’Neill, Allison Janney, Melissa Benoist, Michael Angarano FREE STATE OF JONES Key Makeup STX Entertainment Director: Gary Ross Cast: Mahershala Ali, Matthew McConaughey, GuGu Mbatha-Raw THE PERFECT GUY Key Makeup Screen Gems Director: David M Rosenthal Cast: Sanaa Lathan, Michael Ealy, Morris Chestnut NIGHTCRAWLER Key Makeup, Additional Photography Bold Films Director: Dan Gilroy HUNGER GAMES MOCKINGJAY PART 1 & 2 Background Makeup Supervisor Lionsgate Director: Francis Lawrence THE HUNGER GAMES: CATCHING FIRE Background Makeup Supervisor Lionsgate Director: Francis Lawrence THE FACE OF LOVE Assistant Department Head Mockingbird Pictures Director: Arie Posen THE RELUCTANT FUNDAMENTALIST Makeup Department Head Cine Mosaic Director: Mira Nair Cast: Riz Ahmed, Kate Hudson, Kiefer Sutherland ABRAHAM LINCOLN VAMPIRE HUNTER 2012 Special Effects Makeup Artists th 20 ​ Century Fox Director: Timur Bekmambetov ​ THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN 2012 Makeup Artist Columbia Pictures Director: Marc Webb THE HUNGER GAMES Background Makeup Supervisor Lionsgate Director: Gary Ross THE RUM DIARY Key Makeup Warner Independent Pictures Director: Bruce Robinson Cast: Amber Heard, Giovanni Ribisi, Amaury Nolasco, Richard Jenkins 1 KRIS EVANS Member Academy of Makeup Artist
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Experimental Autobiography from Counterculture Comics to Transmedia Storytelling: Staging Encounters Across Time, Space, and Medium
    Women's Experimental Autobiography from Counterculture Comics to Transmedia Storytelling: Staging Encounters Across Time, Space, and Medium Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Ohio State University Alexandra Mary Jenkins, M.A. Graduate Program in English The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Jared Gardner, Advisor Sean O’Sullivan Robyn Warhol Copyright by Alexandra Mary Jenkins 2014 Abstract Feminist activism in the United States and Europe during the 1960s and 1970s harnessed radical social thought and used innovative expressive forms in order to disrupt the “grand perspective” espoused by men in every field (Adorno 206). Feminist student activists often put their own female bodies on display to disrupt the disembodied “objective” thinking that still seemed to dominate the academy. The philosopher Theodor Adorno responded to one such action, the “bared breasts incident,” carried out by his radical students in Germany in 1969, in an essay, “Marginalia to Theory and Praxis.” In that essay, he defends himself against the students’ claim that he proved his lack of relevance to contemporary students when he failed to respond to the spectacle of their liberated bodies. He acknowledged that the protest movements seemed to offer thoughtful people a way “out of their self-isolation,” but ultimately, to replace philosophy with bodily spectacle would mean to miss the “infinitely progressive aspect of the separation of theory and praxis” (259, 266). Lisa Yun Lee argues that this separation continues to animate contemporary feminist debates, and that it is worth returning to Adorno’s reasoning, if we wish to understand women’s particular modes of theoretical ii insight in conversation with “grand perspectives” on cultural theory in the twenty-first century.
    [Show full text]
  • Amanda Schmitt in Conversation with Loretta Fahreholz, Madeline Hollander, and Monica Mirabile”, Texte Zur Kunst, December, 2019
    Schmitt, Amanda. “Supernature: Amanda Schmitt in Conversation with Loretta Fahreholz, Madeline Hollander, and Monica Mirabile”, Texte Zur Kunst, December, 2019. [online] [ill.] Supernature: Amanda Schmitt in Conversation with Loretta Fahrenholz, Madeline Hollander, and Monica Mirabile Jordan Peele, Us, 2019, film still Evil forms the background of much in the world of horror films, which have become ever more elaborate in recent years, involving complex choreography as a means to animate the undead or possessed. One unavoidable fact is that this genre has always relied on a certain chauvinism for its spectacles – from slasher flicks to supernatural horror – where the female body is frequently put under extreme physical duress, including torture and mutilation. Recently, several new horror features have been released that showcase forms of bodily dysmorphia, also featuring women. Amanda Schmitt sat down with two choreographers, and an experimental filmmaker who works with dance, to discuss these new horror films and their significance for the history of female corporeal torture in film. The discussion provides a unique behind-the-scenes look at how gesture and movement become translated into intricate arrangements for the screen. This roundtable brings together three artists – Loretta Fahrenholz, Madeline Hollander, and Monica Mirabile – to discuss two films that both debuted in the last year: Luca Guadagnino’s remake of the cult classicSuspiria (originally inspired by the 1845 Thomas de Quincey essay and rewritten for release as a feature film directed by Dario Argento in 1977) and Jordan Peele’s original Hollywood blockbuster Us (2019). The two films have something in common: their use of choreography as both a theme and technique to depict the (often female) body in states of despicable horror.
    [Show full text]
  • Plot? What Is Structure?
    Novel Structure What is plot? What is structure? • Plot is a series of interconnected events in which every occurrence has a specific purpose. A plot is all about establishing connections, suggesting causes, and and how they relate to each other. • Structure (also known as narrative structure), is the overall design or layout of your story. Narrative Structure is about both these things: Story Plot • The content of a story • The form used to tell the story • Raw materials of dramatic action • How the story is told and in what as they might be described in order chronological order • About how, and at what stages, • About trying to determine the key the key conflicts are set up and conflicts, main characters, setting resolved and events • “How” and “when” • “Who,” “what,” and “where” Story Answers These Questions 1. Where is the story set? 2. What event starts the story? 3. Who are the main characters? 4. What conflict(s) do they face? What is at stake? 5. What happens to the characters as they face this conflict? 6. What is the outcome of this conflict? 7. What is the ultimate impact on the characters? Plot Answers These Questions 8. How and when is the major conflict in the story set up? 9. How and when are the main characters introduced? 10.How is the story moved along so that the characters must face the central conflict? 11.How and when is the major conflict set up to propel them to its conclusion? 12.How and when does the story resolve most of the major conflicts set up at the outset? Basic Linear Story: Beginning, Middle & End Ancient (335 B.C.)Greek philosopher and scientist, Aristotle said that every story has a beginning, a middle, and an end.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rose for Emily”1
    English Language & Literature Teaching, Vol. 17, No. 4 Winter 2011 Narrator as Collective ‘We’: The Narrative Structure of “A Rose for Emily”1 Ji-won Kim (Sejong University) Kim, Ji-won. (2011). Narrator as collective ‘we’: The narrative structure of “A Rose for Emily.” English Language & Literature Teaching, 17(4), 141-156. This study purposes to explore the narrative of fictional events complicated by a specific narrator, taking notice of his/her role as an internal focalizer as well as an external participant. In William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," the story of an eccentric spinster, Emily Grierson, is focalized and narrated by a townsperson, apparently an individual, but one who always speaks as 'we.' This tale-teller, as a first-hand witness of the events in the story, details the strange circumstances of Emily’s life and her odd relationships with her father, her lover, the community, and even the horrible secret hidden to the climactic moment at the end. The narrative 'we' has surely watched Emily for many years with a considerable interest but also with a respectful distance. Being left unidentified on purpose, this narrative agent, in spite of his/her vagueness, definitely knows more than others do and acts undoubtedly as a pivotal role in this tale of grotesque love. Seamlessly juxtaposing the present and the past, the collective ‘we’ suggests an important subject that the distinction between the past and the present is blurred out for Emily, for whom the indiscernibleness of time flow proves to be her hamartia. The focalizer-narrator describes Miss Emily in the same manner as he/she describes the South whose old ways have passed on by time.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophical Fiction? on J. M. Coetzee's Elizabeth Costello
    Philosophical Fiction? On J. M. Coetzee’s Elizabeth Costello Robert Pippin University of Chicago i he modern fate of the ideal of the beautiful is deeply intertwined with the beginnings of European aesthetic modernism. More specifically, from the point of view of modernism, commitment to the ideal of the beautiful is often understood to be both Tirrelevant and regressive. This claim obviously requires a gloss on “modernity” and “modern- ism.” Here is a conventional view. European modernism in the arts can be considered a reaction to the form of life coming into view in the mid-nineteenth century as the realization of early Enlightenment ideals: that is, the supreme cognitive authority of modern natural science, a new market economy based on the accumulation of private capital, rapid urbanization and industri- alization, ostensibly democratic institutions still largely controlled by elites, the privatization of religion and so the secularization of the public sphere. The modernist moment arose from some sense that this form of life was so unprecedented in human history that art’s very purpose or rationale, its mode of address to an audience, had to be fundamentally rethought. Nothing about the purpose or value of art, as it had been understood, could be taken for granted any longer, and the issue was: what kind of art, committed to what ideal, could be credible in such a world (if any)? A response to such a development was taken by some to require a novelty, experimentation and formal radicality so extreme as to seem unintelligible to its “first responders.” Modernism was to be an anti-Romanticism, rejecting lyrical expression of the inner in favor of impersonal- ity, or of multiple, fractured authorial personae, attempting an ironic distancing, experimental 2 republics of letters innovation, and, in so-called high modernism, assuming an elite position, sometimes with mul- tiple, obscure allusions, defiantly resistant to commercialization or a public role.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Narrative Structure: Coherence, Cohesion, and Captivation
    Teaching Narrative Structure: Coherence, Cohesion, and Captivation Teresa A. Ukrainetz ,,N...... ,.1rivP Structure Analyses ............................................................................ 197 Degree of Independence ................................................................................ 197 Story Grammar Analysis .............. :................................................................ 202 Cohesion of the Tale ................................................................................ _..... 208 Story Art ........................................................................................... :........... 212 Books and Notations for II,U~goving Narrative Structure ............................... 218 Narrative Structure through Children's Literature ............... ;........................ 218 Pictography: A Narrative Representation Tool ............................................. 223 --·-- Moving Young Children into Independent Storytelling ................................. 230 Teaching Story Grammar ................................................................................. 231 Story Grammar Cues ...................................., ............................................... 232 A Story Grammar Lesson ...................................................................._ ......... 232 Teaching One Kind of Cohesion ................................................ :.................... 235 Making Stories Artful .......................................................................................237
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Narrative Structure in the Transfer of Ideas: the Case Study
    THE ROLE OF NARRATIVE STRUCTURE IN THE TRANSFER OF IDEAS THE CASE STUDY AND MANAGEMENT THEORY ANN HARLEMAN STEWART The case study report-which I will call simply the case study-constitutes a special form of scientific and technical writing. It is widely used but not well understood. Intuitively we know that a case study communicates information and that it is a kind of story. But how does it communicate? And what kind of a story is it? Discourse analysis offers a methodology that reveals the linguistic and textual strategies employed by the case study and allows us to formulate explicitly the conception of it that we hold intuitively. This essay exam- ines the case study as discourse-as the text involved in an act of com- munication that takes place within a particular speech community. I have chosen to examine the case study as it is used in teaching management theory. Illustrative texts come from casebooks in the field, selected in con- sultation with Boston University School of Management faculty, which show a representative range of subject matter, pedagogical principles, and style. A discourse analytical approach, by its very nature, demands particu- larization: unless the context is fully specified, it is impossible to view a text as discourse. Hence the analysis here focuses on one particular kind of case study used in one particular kind of activity. It is offered as a model for a discourse analytical approach to the case study in other areas. I will 120 121 The Role of Narrative Structure in the Transfer of Ideas look first at the functions of the management case study within its com- municative context; then I will consider its form - its structure as a nar- rative text - and the ways in which that form serves its functions.
    [Show full text]