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Handbook-Of-Abhidhamma-Studies -_._ . Handbook of Abhidhamma Studies by Venerable Sayadaw U STlananda (Volumel) S abb adinam dhammadanam j inati TineGiftofDhammaexcelsallgifts Handbook of Abhidhamma Studies Venerable Sayadaw U S]15handa Transcription by Sarah E Marks PprilitedForFreeDistributionbv: Selangor Buddhist Vipassana Meditation Society (SBVMS) 23, Jalan SS3rs7, 47300 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, West Malaysia Tel/fax: 03-7873 9168 email: [email protected] SBVMS would like to express its gratitude to Sister Sarah E Maces for her tireless effort in single handedly transcribing this book with many rounds of editing and proof reading, making it into a handbook for the benefit of many. SBVMS is indeed honored to be given this rare opportunity of putting into print the works of the late Venerable Sayadaw U Silananda [1927-2005], a reknowned Buddhist scholar and expounder of the Abhidhamma in recent times. Sadhn! Sanii! adhti! PELtingRecord Piibhihed -Dec 2012 -1,000 sets Reprint -April 2014 - 1,000 sets Printed and Bound in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia By Majujaya hdah Sdn Bhd Tel: 03-42916001 / 6002 Fax: 03-4292 2053 Namo tassa Bhagavat:o Arahato Sammasambuddhassa Veneration to the Exalted One, the Homage-Worthy, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened. The Buddha is an Arahat and He is worthy of the highest veneration. All beings including devas and brahmas venerate the Buddha becau-se t:he Buddha is the Supreme One, who has extinguished all defilements, who has become perfectly self- enlightened I:hrough the realization of the Four Ariya Truths, and who is endowed with t:he six great qualities of glory, namely, Issariya (supremacy), Dhamma (knowledge of the path to Nibbana), Yasa (fame and following), Siri (noble appearance), Kama (power of accomplishment) and Payatta (diligent mindfulness)I Preface Editorial Preface Handbook of Abhidhamma Studies .is a seriies Of lectures given by the late Venerable U STlananda on the sub].ect of Abhidhamma. Actually the talks origihated from courses he offered to American students on the Abhidhammatthasahgaha. Th-is book, Handbook of Abh/`dhamma SfL/d/.es, is designed to supplement the study of the Abhidhammatthasahgaha . The Abh/.dhammafthasahgaha is a small book that was probably written by an Indian monk named Acariya Anuruddha in about the twelfth century, That small book provides an introduction to subjects taught in t:he Abhidhamma texts of the Tipitaka. Actually in order to understand the Abhidhamma texts in the Pa!i Canon, it is essential that the Abht.dhammattf}asahgaha be thoroughly mastered. Burmese monks in particular first memorize this book and then pursue ext:ended studies of it with their teachers. The lat:e Venerable U STlananda followed this course of training. The result was that he had a thorough and precise knowledge of this small book, as well as the Abhidhamma texts in the Tipitaka, the Commentaries, and the Sub-commentaries. When Venerable U STlananda came t:o the United States, he taught courses on t:he Abh/.dhammafEf}asahgaha. In these courses he often gave detailed explanations of the subjects found in that book for the benefit of his students. These explanations are very helpful as sometimes the information given in the ,4bh/.dhammafthasahgaha is quite terse and not easy for the uninitiated to underst:and, Preface I began to study this book about one year before Sayadaw arrived in the. United States. Therefore, I very much appreciated what a great difference his explanations made in my understanding, It occurred to me that it would be very helpful for others interested in this sub].ect to have access to these lectures in the written form. Therefore, I decided to transcribe these talks. The talks have been as accurately transcribed as possible. Sayadaw was very precise, organized and meticulous in his presentation. It has been my hope to emulate his fine example in these transcriptions. Nonetheless, it is possible that some mistakes or errors have escaped notice. Hopefully they are very minor. Abhidhamma is a very challenging and deep sub].ect, sometimes quite precise and subtle, Whatever mistakes are found I apologize to the readers for those and I accept fully t:he demerit that: comes from lack of skillfulness. At the same time I hope that much merit may result from sharing the great knowledge that my teacher had on this important sub].ect with others, As the transcriber, I would like to take the opportunity to express my gratitude to all Dhamma teachers as well as friends for their tireless work for the Buddha-Sasana. First of all, I wish to express my gratitude to many Dhamma teachers who have explained very patiently, over the course of many years, many aspects of the Buddha's teachings. They include the late Venerable Sayadaw U STlananda, Venerable Beelin Sayadaw, Venerable U Jotalankara, Venerable Ashin U Osadha, Venerable U Jat:ila, Venerable U Kosalla, Venerable U Ghosita, Venerable U Garudhamma, Venerable U Kavinda, Bhante Guparatana, Bhikkhu U Nandisena. Most especially I am indebted to Venerable Ashin U Dhammapiya, Not only has he explained with precision and thoroughness the Buddha's teachings, he also conceived the idea of publishing these series of Abhidhamma lectures I:o enable many more people to gain greater clarity of understanding of the Abhidhamma. ln Preface Sadhu! Sadhu! Sadhu! To all these meritorious deeds! Finally I wish to express my gratitude to the people of Malaysia and Singapore. I am especially grateful to Brother Chew How Ting, Brother Lim Mong Seng and Sister Pauline Chong of Singapore and Malaysia who helped me edit these talks. Their patience and kindness have been immeasurable. While the lat:e Venerable Sayadaw U STlananda visit:ed there and taught there, t:hey were always very supportive to him, Sayadaw's visits to Malaysia and Singapore were so brief that he cou ld not cover every chapter in t:he Abhidhammafthasahgaha with his students there. Each course he taught in the United States lasted about a year. Over the years he taught many courses to many audiences, sometimes primarily to Burmese Americans, or to European Americans, or to Vietnamese Americans. We are fortunate t:hat the Vietnamese American community requested Venerable U STlananda to teach the course again in 1994-1995, This was after the most recent edition of the Abf}/.dhammaf[f}asahgaha, edited by Venerable Bhikkhu Bodhi, had been published. The Tu Quang Temple in San Francisco was kind enough to host this series of talks which were well-attended by devotees of both the TheravEida and Mahayana traditions. We are grateful to Sayadaw for his great compassion, We are grateful to all the devotees who supported Sayadaw in so many ways so that he could share so much Dhamma wisdom with us. Now devotees in Malaysia have graciously offered to publish this series of talks. May Dhamma wisdom continue to grow and flourish in the world! Sarah Marks, USA. EI]E! Preface Editor's Note As editor of I:his work, I am aware that foreign words are usually put in italics. However, it is allowable to capit:alize words that communicate important informat:ion or philosophical concepts. Most of the Pa!i words in this manuscript are very significant terms in the Buddha's teachings and constitute a firm base for the reader to build a correct understanding of Buddhism. Sayadaw U STlananda has expertly defined most of these words in his presentation. A great many of these Pa!i words refer to Paramattha Dhammas (ultimate realities) which are so essential for our understanding and experience of the Dhamma. Therefore, I purposefully capitalized these Pa!i words because they are key philosophical concepts in Buddhism. The presentation done in this manner is to also encourage the reader's att:ention. In addition terms in English referring to the Supramundane and important doct:rines have been capitalized out of respect. Sarah Marks, USA. _,EE IV Contents Table of Contents Editorial Preface Edit:or's Note Introduction 1. Getting Acquainted Two Divisions of Buddhism How Buddha's Teachings were Recorded and Handed DOwn The First Buddhist Council The Second Buddhist Council The Third Buddhist Council The Fourth Buddhist Council The Fifth Buddhist: Council The Sixth Buddhist Council Divisions of Buddha's Teachings Into Nikayas Into Pitakas The Word `Abhidhamma' What is Taught in Abhidhamma What is Abhidhamma The Importance of Abhidhamma Is Knowledge of Abhidhamma Essential for Meditation?15 Is Abhidhamma Necessary for Understanding the Teachings How Buddha Taught Abhidhamma The Seven Books of Abhidhamma The Commentaries, Sub-commentaries and Sub-sub- commentaries Abhidhammatthasahgaha Night Lessons English Translat:ions of Abhidhammatthasahgaha ...,..... 25 Some References Be Patient Also Do Not be Afraid of Pall 2. lino Kinds of Truth What is Truth Contents Two Kinds of Truth Recognized in Buddhism..„ ..,......... 28 Conventional Truth 28 Nama-pafifiatti 30 Attha-pafifiatti 31 Pafifiatti is Timeless 32 Ultimate Truth 34 Four Kinds of Ultimate Truth 40 40 Cetasika 42 44 Nibbana 45 The Four Noble Truths Belong tb Ultimate Truths ..,...... 47 Chapter One 53 53 Citta Defined 53 Knowing 54 Classifications of Citta 55 Akusala Cittas 57 Lobham]la cittas ............ 57 Dosamdla Citt:as 62 Mohamtila Cittas 65 Definition of the Word `Akusala' 68 Akusala 70 Causes of Being Somanassa-sahagata, etc ..........,...... 73 Causes of Being Domanassa-sahagata and Patigha- sampayutta How t:o Study Ahetuka Cittas Definition of the Word `Ahetuka',„ classification of Ahetuka Cittas A Thought: Process in Brief Akusala-vipaka Citt:as Eye-consciousness, etc Ahetuka Kusala-vipaka Cittas Eye-consciousness, etc Ahetuka Kiriya Cittas All Eighteen Ahetuka Cittas Review Kamavacara Sobhana Cittas ii Contents Definition of the Word `Kamavacara' Sobhana The Meaning of the Word `Kusala' More Information about the Meaning of the Word `Kusala' Eight Kamavacara Kusala Cittas .....110 Sahetuka Kamavacara Vipaka Cittas Sahetuka Kamavacara Kiriya Cittas.„..„„„ .......,...
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