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Canadian Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 5047 ISSN 0704-3716 Canadian Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 5047 Changes in motor activity and fat consumption in Acartia clausi Giesbr. during long fasting T.M. Kovaleva, and N.V. Shadrin Original title: Izmenenie dvigatel l noi aktivnosti i raskhod zhira u Acartia clausi Giesbr. pri dlitel'nom golodanii In: Ekol. Morya (14): 44-50, 1983 Original language: Russian Available from: Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information National Research Council Ottawa, Ontario, Canada R1A 0S2 1984 20 typescript pages ..• Secretary Secrétariat 1+ of State d'État MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION — DIVISION DES SERVICES MULTILINGUES TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS LIBRARY IDENTIFICATION - FICHE SIGNALÉTIQUE TrA-s 5041 Translated from - Traduction de Into - En Russian English Author - Auteur Kovaleva, T.M., and Shadrin, N.V. Title in English or French - Titre anglais ou français Changes in motor activity and fat consumption in Acartia Clausi Giesbr. during long fasting Title in foreign language (Transliterate foreign characters) Titre en langue étrangère (Transcrire en caractères romains) Izmenenie dvigatel'noi aktivnosti i raskhod zhira u Acartia Clausi Giesbr. pri dlitel'nom golodanii Reference in foreign language (Name of book or publication) in full, transliterate foreign characters. Référence en langue étrangère (Nom du livre ou publication), au complet, transcrire en caractères romains. Ekologiya morya Reference in English or French - Référence en anglais ou français Ecology of the Sea Publisher - Editeur Page Numbers in original A.O. Kovalevskii DATE OF PUBLICATION Numéros des pages dans Institute of Biology of the South DATE DE PUBLICATION l'original Seas, Academy of Sciences of the 44-50 Year Issue No. Volume Place of Publicati Pcrei-Tri-an—S-S.R Année Numéro Number of typed pages Lieu de publication Nombre de pages dactylographiées Kiev, USSR 1983 14 18 Requesting Department Translation Bureau No. Ministère-Client Fisheries and Oceans Notre dossier no 1253751 Branch or Division Translation (Initials) UggleloMe P.J.H. Direction ou Division S.I.P.B. Traducteur (Initiales) Person requesting Demandé par Dr. R.J. Conover UNMITED TRAt.:ZATION For information orify Your Number TRADUCTION NON REVISEE Votre dossier no Informeion seulement Date of Request October 24, 1983 Date de la demande JAN 13 1984 Canactâ SEC 5 - 111 (Rev. 82111) Secretary Secrétariat UNEDiTED Tu.-. • •::. :ON • f State d'État * ifir,:m.ra:. • 7 : : .. ly MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION - DIVISION DES SERVICES MULTrfletériâ: id • 1 . TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS •"- • • " ' "'"" Client's No.—N° du client Department — Ministère Division/Branch — Division/Direction City — Ville Fisheries and Oceans S.I.P.B. Ottawa Bureau No.—No du bureau Umeagm — Langue Translator (Initials) — Traducteur (Initiales) 1253751 Russian P.J.H. JAN 1 3 1984 Source: Ekologiya morya (Ecology of the Sea), No. 14, 1983, pp.44-50, published by the A.O. Kovalevskii Institute of Biology of the South Seas, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, "Naukova dumka" press, Kiev. Changes in Motor Activity and Fat Consumption in Acartia Clausi Giesbr. During Long Fasting T.M. Kovaleva and N.V. Shadrin U.D.C. 591.13 * In natural bodies of water, both in time and in space 44 the distribution of the items sought for food is character- ised by great variability. During certain periods of time and in certain sections of a water area, the concentration of food can decrease almost to zero. In such cases the animals fast. A result of the fasting, on which V.S. Ivlev was the first to focus attention clearly [1], is a change in the behaviour of the animal, in its resistance to the effects of various biotic and abiotic factors. When constructing models of natural ecosystems it is necessary to take into account both the considerable variability in the adequacy of the food supply, both in space and in time, and the reactions of animals of all The figures in the right-hand margin are the page numbers of the original (Tr.). SEC 5-25 (Rev, 82/1 1 ) Canadâ trophic levels to the variable length of fasting. There are now a number of published studies which show the effect of long fasting on certain characteristics of copepods (in particular, the respiration rate of copepods decreases when fasting [8,9 et al]). When main- tained for two months in a foodless environment the rate of respiration in Calanus cristatus underwent a twofold decrease, while in A. clausi and A. tonsa, during a six- day fast, the rate of respiration fell to one half and one third of the initial values [8]. In fasting copepods a decrease in excretion of ammonia and inorganic phosphorus is also seen [8,9]. The quantitative characteristics of the daily loss in mass exhibit significant differences in the various species. This is on account of the differing mobility and biochemical peculiarities of small crustaceans. During a 24-hour fast, Calanus plumchrus loses 1% of body mass, Acartia clausi 6% and A. longiremis, between 1.5 and 10% [8]. In fasting copepods, the quantitative relation between proteins, fats and hydrocarbons may change. In certain of the species possessing substantial reserves of fat, at the outset of fasting it is principally the fat that is utilised. Thus, in Calanus helgolandicus when maintained in clean water without food, after five days there was a twofold decrease in the quantity of lipids [11], 3 whereas the decrease in proteins and nitrogen was only slight [9]. In animals of the Acartia type which are furnished with a small quantity of fat, the proteins are actively metabolised from the outset of fasting. These and other differences result in the fact that the survival time during fasting amounts to two or three days in some copepod species, and can be up to two months and more in others [7-10 et seq.]. Fasting affects not only the metabolism of planktonic crustaceans but also their behaviour. During a short fast, some increase in the motor activity of copepods was seen [5]. When copepods were kept without food for long periods a marked decrease in their motor activity was observed [3]. Overall, it is important to note that the effect of fasting on the behaviour, metabolism and mortality of copepods has hardly been studied at all. It was for this reason that we conducted research on a highly abundant species of Black Sea zooplankton: Acartia clausi Giesbr. We traced the effect of fasting on motor activity, the rate of consumption of fat droplets and the survival time. Material and methodology. In studying the behaviour of the A. clausi copepods we set ourselves the task of quantitatively evaluating certain characteristics of their behaviour in a fobdless environment. For this 4 purpose the small_crustaceans were caught with a Juday net furnished with a No. 23 fine mesh, in a 10-mile zone of the Black Sea near Sevastopol. In the laboratory, the planktonic animals selected from the sampling (average size of females 1.2mm) were placed singly in half-liter flasks containing water that had been passed through a No. 3 membranous filter. The water temperature was 18-19 °C. Food consisting of Peridinium trochoideum In a concentration of 3g/m3 was added to the control flask. The experiments lasted 6-7 days. In all, 10 experiments were performed. According to the data of T.S. Petipa [6], in A. clausi the highest rate of food consumption and the maximum speed of searching for it is observed during the period 8-11 hours. During the second half of the day (13-16 hours) less active feeding and a lower mean rate of movement are seen. In view of this, we monitored the behaviour of the planktonic animals over a 10-hour period. The following behavioural parameters were determined: 1 (1) the number of segments of rowing movement (between stops) per unit of time, min-1 ; (2) the duration of the pause; (3) the length of the "jump", mm; the extent of the segments of rowing moement between stops. 1According to the new terminology [6], a "large jump" is more correctly referred to as rowing, since this is an elementary or compound rowing motion. 5 The time parameters were measured with a stopwatch. The length of the "jump" was determined by using a micro- meter-eyepiece positioned beneath a MBS-1 binocular. The crustaceans were placed in hemispherical flat-bottomed cups and were observed through the binocular, the lens of which was rigidly attached to the stand, thus affording an opportunity of moving the lens in various directions without frightening the animal. Long segments of rowing movement were measured with a millimeter rule, for which purpose the cup containing the Acartia was covered with glass measuring 12 x 9 cm and with a thickness of 1.5mm. Using a fine drafting pen and India ink, dots marking the initial position of the crustacean when at rest and its position after completing a "large jump" were then plotted, and the trajectory of the path was drawn and measured. Additionally, the speed of submergence of the planktonic animals was determined in the half-liter flasks. This value was derived by recording the travelling time (6-184 sec) of the crustacean along the vertical in the 0.3-10cm region. A further 10 experiments were performed in order to determine fat droplet consumption during fasting (the females were placed singly in 100m1 of water without food). The crustaceans were fished out daily and in a small drop 6 of water under a MBI-3 microscope measurements were obtained of the thickness, width and length of the fat droplets. The crustaceans were then transferred to a new flask in which the former conditions were present. In determining the mass of the fat droplets their shape was equated to the appropriate geometric figure (as a rule, a sphere or spheroid) and their volume was found from the equations V1 -4/3nle, (1) where R is the radius of the sphere V2 __413 abc, (2) and where a,b,c are the semiaxes of the ellipsoid.
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